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Jezsó B, Kálmán S, Farkas KG, Hathy E, Vincze K, Kovács-Schoblocher D, Lilienberg J, Tordai C, Nemoda Z, Homolya L, Apáti Á, Réthelyi JM. Haloperidol, Olanzapine, and Risperidone Induce Morphological Changes in an In Vitro Model of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:688. [PMID: 38927091 PMCID: PMC11201986 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based neuronal differentiation is valuable for studying neuropsychiatric disorders and pharmacological mechanisms at the cellular level. We aimed to examine the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). METHODS Proliferation and neurite outgrowth were measured by live cell imaging, and gene expression levels related to neuronal identity were analyzed by RT-QPCR and immunocytochemistry during differentiation into hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells following treatment of low- and high-dose antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone). RESULTS Antipsychotics did not modify the growth properties of NPCs after 3 days of treatment. However, the characteristics of neurite outgrowth changed significantly in response to haloperidol and olanzapine. After three weeks of differentiation, mRNA expression levels of the selected neuronal markers increased (except for MAP2), while antipsychotics caused only subtle changes. Additionally, we found no changes in MAP2 or GFAP protein expression levels as a result of antipsychotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, antipsychotic medications promoted neurogenesis in vitro by influencing neurite outgrowth rather than changing cell survival or gene expression. This study provides insights into the effects of antipsychotics on neuronal differentiation and highlights the importance of considering neurite outgrowth as a potential target of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Jezsó
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE-MTA “Momentum” Motor Enzymology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Kálmán
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szentháromság utca 5., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Kiara Gitta Farkas
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Edit Hathy
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Vincze
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Julianna Lilienberg
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Csongor Tordai
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nemoda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN RCNS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.J.)
| | - János M. Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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De Simone G, Mazza B, Vellucci L, Barone A, Ciccarelli M, de Bartolomeis A. Schizophrenia Synaptic Pathology and Antipsychotic Treatment in the Framework of Oxidative and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Translational Highlights for the Clinics and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040975. [PMID: 37107350 PMCID: PMC10135787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a worldwide mental illness characterized by alterations at dopaminergic and glutamatergic synapses resulting in global dysconnectivity within and between brain networks. Impairments in inflammatory processes, mitochondrial functions, energy expenditure, and oxidative stress have been extensively associated with schizophrenia pathophysiology. Antipsychotics, the mainstay of schizophrenia pharmacological treatment and all sharing the common feature of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, may affect antioxidant pathways as well as mitochondrial protein levels and gene expression. Here, we systematically reviewed the available evidence on antioxidants' mechanisms in antipsychotic action and the impact of first- and second-generation compounds on mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress. We further focused on clinical trials addressing the efficacy and tolerability of antioxidants as an augmentation strategy of antipsychotic treatment. EMBASE, Scopus, and Medline/PubMed databases were interrogated. The selection process was conducted in respect of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Several mitochondrial proteins involved in cell viability, energy metabolism, and regulation of oxidative systems were reported to be significantly modified by antipsychotic treatment with differences between first- and second-generation drugs. Finally, antioxidants may affect cognitive and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, and although the evidence is only preliminary, the results indicate that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol and olanzapine, on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in mouse mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:152-161. [PMID: 37561834 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Modified levels of pro- (caspase3, Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) regulatory proteins have been detected in certain brain areas of schizophrenic patients indicating a possible dysregulation of apoptosis. In the present study, effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), on the gene expression of caspase3 (casp3), Bax and Bcl-2 were studied in vitro in mouse hippocampal mHippoE-2 cell line and in vivo in the hippocampus of MK-801 animal schizophrenia model with the aim to provide evidence that antipsychotics may affect the activity of apoptosis-related markers. Methods. mHippoE-2 cells were incubated with MK-801 (20 µM), HAL (10 µM), and OLA (10 µM) alone or combined, MK-801+HAL/OLA, for 24, 48, and 72 h. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with saline or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) for 6 days and since the 7th day, they were treated with vehicle (VEH), HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg) for the next 7 days. The casp3, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Results. In mHippoE-2 cells, casp3 gene expression was increased by MK-801 and OLA treatments alone for 48 h, HAL treatment alone for 24 and 72 h, and co-treatment with MK-801+OLA for 24 and 72 h compared to controls. HAL and OLA suppressed the stimulatory effect of MK-801 on casp3 mRNA levels in cells after 48 h of incubation. Bax mRNA levels in mHippoE-2 cells were decreased after HAL treatment for 24 and 48 h, and also after co-treatment with MK-801+HAL for 72 h. In vivo, MK-801 decreased mRNA levels of both pro-apoptotic markers, casp3 and Bax, in hippocampus of VEH-treated rats and Bax mRNA levels in hippocampus of HAL-treated animals. OLA reversed the inhibitory effect of MK-801 on casp3 expression in the VEH-treated animals. Neither MK-801 nor antipsychotics induced changes in the gene expression of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in mHippoE-2 cells as well as hippocampus of rats. Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrate that antipsychotics, HAL and OLA, may affect mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic markers in hippocampal cells in vitro, but not in vivo. The obtained data do not clearly support the assumed potentiating role of MK-801 in inducing apoptosis in specific brain areas and a possible protective role of antipsychotics against induction of apoptosis. The obtained data may contribute to a deeper insight into the neurodevelopmental changes connected with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Osacka
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Kiss
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Tillinger
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Antipsychotic-Induced Parkinsonism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082010. [PMID: 36009557 PMCID: PMC9405702 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among neurological adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (APs), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the most common motility disorder caused by drugs affecting dopamine receptors. One of the causes of DIP is the disruption of neurotransmitter interactions that regulate the signaling pathways of the dopaminergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, adenosinergic, endocannabinoid, and other neurotransmitter systems. Presently, the development mechanisms remain poorly understood despite the presence of the considered theories of DIP pathogenesis.
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5
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effect of Haloperidol and Olanzapine on Hippocampal Cells’ Proliferation in Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147711. [PMID: 35887056 PMCID: PMC9323809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampus (HIP) contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), commonly prescribed antipsychotics for schizophrenia treatment, affect neurogenesis too. The effect of HAL and OLA on an mHippoE-2 cell line was studied in vitro where we measured the cell number and projection length. In vivo, we studied the gene expression of DCX, Sox2, BDNF, and NeuN in the SVZ and HIP in an MK-801-induced animal schizophrenia model. Cells were incubated with HAL, OLA, and MK-801 for 24, 48, and 72 h. Animals were injected for 6 days with saline or MK801 (0.5 mg/kg), and from the 7th day with either vehicle HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg), for the next 7 days. In vitro, HAL and OLA dose/time-dependently suppressed cells’ proliferation and shortened their projection length. HAL/OLA co-treatment with MK-801 for 24 h reversed HAL’s/OLA’s inhibitory effect. In vivo, HAL and OLA suppressed DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and SVZ. MK-801 decreased DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and OLA prevented this effect. The data suggest that subchronic HAL/OLA treatment can inhibit DCX and NeuN expression. In an MK-801 schizophrenia model, OLA reversed the MK-801 inhibitory effect on DCX and NeuN and HAL reversed the effect on DCX expression; however, only in the HIP.
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6
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Pirnik Z. Possible involvement of apoptosis in the antipsychotics side effects: A minireview. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:836-847. [PMID: 35575958 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Generally they are divided into typical and atypical ones, according to the fact that atypical antipychotics induce less side effects and are more effective in terms of social and cognitive improvements. Their pharmacological effects are mediated via broad range of receptors that consequently influence different cellular signaling pathways. Antipsychotics produce udesirable side effects that range from relatively minor to life-threatening ones. In vitro and in vivo studies have pointed to neurotoxic effect exerted by some antipsychotics and have shown that apoptosis might play role in some side effects induced by antipsyschotics, including tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, agranulocytosis, osteoporosis, myocarditis, etc. Although cumulative data have suggested safety of atypical antipsychotics use during pregnancy some of them have been shown to induce apoptotic neurodegenerative and structural changes in fetal brains with long-lasting impact on cognitive impairment of offsprings. Typical antipsychotics seem to be more cytotoxic than atypical ones. Recently, epidemiological studies have shown lower incidence of cancer in schizophrenic patients what suggest ability of antipsychotics to suppress risk of cancer development. Some antipsychotics have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis. Thus, antipsychotics apoptotic effect may be used as a tool in the treatmnet of some types of cancer, especially in combinatorial therapies. In this minireview, we focused on pro- and anti-apototic or "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" effects of antipsychotics, which can be involved in their side effects, as well as their promising therapeutical indications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Osacka
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Kiss
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Pirnik
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam., 2Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Emmanoella Sebulsqui Saraiva T, Rodrigues GZP, Kayser JM, Dallegrave E, Pulz Maus N, Veiverberg A, da Costa Berna G, Schuster AC, Gabriela de Freitas M, Galdino da Rocha Pitta M, da Rocha Pitta I, Gehlen G, Betti AH. Study of the acute and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity in mice treated with PT-31, a molecule with potential antipsychotic profile. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:705-715. [PMID: 35410575 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2065226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the world population and is treated with antipsychotics, which may induce important biochemical and hematological alterations. Since it is necessary to verify the safety of new molecules with antipsychotic potential, the present study aimed to evaluate the oral toxicity of PT-31, a putative α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, after acute (2000 mg/kg) and repeated doses (28 days) gavage treatment, in three different doses: minimum effective dose in animal models (10 mg/kg), twice the dose (20 mg/kg), and four times the dose (40 mg/kg), as recommended by the OECD guidelines. Balb/C female adult mice were used, and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed. PT-31 10 and 20 mg/kg did not cause biochemical alterations related to hepatic and renal toxicity, and neither altered glycemic and lipid profiles. The preclinical dose of PT-31 also did not promote mice histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and brain. In the hematimetric parameters, PT-31 only increased HGB at 20 mg/kg, and MCH and MCHC at 40 mg/kg. However, all the tested doses of PT-31 showed platelet increase, which must be better investigated. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the safety of PT-31 as a potential antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Machado Kayser
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathália Pulz Maus
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andriele Veiverberg
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Costa Berna
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Research Centre for Therapeutic Innovation. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andresa Heemann Betti
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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8
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Renner H, Becker KJ, Kagermeier TE, Grabos M, Eliat F, Günther P, Schöler HR, Bruder JM. Cell-Type-Specific High Throughput Toxicity Testing in Human Midbrain Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:715054. [PMID: 34335182 PMCID: PMC8321240 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.715054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity testing is a crucial step in the development and approval of chemical compounds for human contact and consumption. However, existing model systems often fall short in their prediction of human toxicity in vivo because they may not sufficiently recapitulate human physiology. The complexity of three-dimensional (3D) human organ-like cell culture systems ("organoids") can generate potentially more relevant models of human physiology and disease, including toxicity predictions. However, so far, the inherent biological heterogeneity and cumbersome generation and analysis of organoids has rendered efficient, unbiased, high throughput evaluation of toxic effects in these systems challenging. Recent advances in both standardization and quantitative fluorescent imaging enabled us to dissect the toxicities of compound exposure to separate cellular subpopulations within human organoids at the single-cell level in a framework that is compatible with high throughput approaches. Screening a library of 84 compounds in standardized human automated midbrain organoids (AMOs) generated from two independent cell lines correctly recognized known nigrostriatal toxicants. This approach further identified the flame retardant 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) as a selective toxicant for dopaminergic neurons in the context of human midbrain-like tissues for the first time. Results were verified with high reproducibility in more detailed dose-response experiments. Further, we demonstrate higher sensitivity in 3D AMOs than in 2D cultures to the known neurotoxic effects of the pesticide lindane. Overall, the automated nature of our workflow is freely scalable and demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively assessing cell-type-specific toxicity in human organoids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Renner
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina J Becker
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa E Kagermeier
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martha Grabos
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Farsam Eliat
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Günther
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M Bruder
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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9
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Caruso G, Grasso M, Fidilio A, Tascedda F, Drago F, Caraci F. Antioxidant Properties of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Focus on Microglia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120457. [PMID: 33322693 PMCID: PMC7764768 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a primary role of oxidative stress in an early phase of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and a strong neurobiological link has been found between dopaminergic system dysfunction, microglia overactivation, and oxidative stress. Different risk factors for schizophrenia increase oxidative stress phenomena raising the risk of developing psychosis. Oxidative stress induced by first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol significantly contributes to the development of extrapyramidal side effects. Haloperidol also exerts neurotoxic effects by decreasing antioxidant enzyme levels then worsening pro-oxidant events. Opposite to haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics (or atypical antipsychotics) such as risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine exert a strong antioxidant activity in experimental models of schizophrenia by rescuing the antioxidant system, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) serum levels. Second-generation antipsychotics also improve the antioxidant status and reduce lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, second-generation antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, and in particular clozapine, reduce oxidative stress induced by microglia overactivation, decreasing the production of microglia-derived free radicals, finally protecting neurons against microglia-induced oxidative stress. Further, long-term clinical studies are needed to better understand the link between oxidative stress and the clinical response to antipsychotic drugs and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants to increase the response to antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.D.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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10
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Antipsychotic Drugs Reverse MK801-Inhibited Cell Migration and F-actin Condensation by Modulating the Rho Signaling Pathway in B35 Cells. Behav Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4163274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. MK801-induced psychotic symptoms and also the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) expression and cell division control protein 42 (cdc42) mRNA modulation in the rat brain have been investigated. Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been reported to induce Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) pathway regulation related to cytoskeleton reorganization in neuronal cells. It will be necessary to clarify the effects of APDs on MK801-induced RhoGDI signaling regulation in neuronal cells. Methods. B35 neuronal cells were treated with MK801 for 7 days then treated with MK801 in combination with haloperidol or clozapine for a further 7 days. Cell migration, F-actin condensation, and RhoGDI signaling regulation were examined to investigate the regulatory effects of MK801, haloperidol, and clozapine in B35 neuronal cells. Results. MK801 reduced B35 cell migration, whereas both haloperidol and clozapine reversed the reduction in cell migration induced by MK801. Haloperidol and clozapine restored F-actin condensation after it was diminished by MK801 in B35 cell nuclei. MK801 increased the RhoGDI1 and RhoA expression, which was diminished by the addition of haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the CDC42 expression, which was restored by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 reduced the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), profilin1 (PFN1), and neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) expression, which was further reduced by haloperidol and clozapine. MK801 also increased the phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and c-jun expression, which was decreased by haloperidol and clozapine. p21 (RAC1-) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) expression was not affected by MK801.
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11
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Blanchet PJ, Lévesque D. Time for a New Slate in Tardive Dyskinesia Research. Mov Disord 2020; 35:752-755. [PMID: 32067258 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Blanchet
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CHU Montreal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Koga M, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Kusumi I. Caffeic acid reduces oxidative stress and microglial activation in the mouse hippocampus. Tissue Cell 2019; 60:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Grunwald LM, Stock R, Haag K, Buckenmaier S, Eberle MC, Wildgruber D, Storchak H, Kriebel M, Weißgraeber S, Mathew L, Singh Y, Loos M, Li KW, Kraushaar U, Fallgatter AJ, Volkmer H. Comparative characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from patients with schizophrenia and autism. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:179. [PMID: 31358727 PMCID: PMC6663940 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provide an attractive tool to study disease mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. A pertinent problem is the development of hiPSC-based assays to discriminate schizophrenia (SZ) from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models. Healthy control individuals as well as patients with SZ and ASD were examined by a panel of diagnostic tests. Subsequently, skin biopsies were taken for the generation, differentiation, and testing of hiPSC-derived neurons from all individuals. SZ and ASD neurons share a reduced capacity for cortical differentiation as shown by quantitative analysis of the synaptic marker PSD95 and neurite outgrowth. By contrast, pattern analysis of calcium signals turned out to discriminate among healthy control, schizophrenia, and autism samples. Schizophrenia neurons displayed decreased peak frequency accompanied by increased peak areas, while autism neurons showed a slight decrease in peak amplitudes. For further analysis of the schizophrenia phenotype, transcriptome analyses revealed a clear discrimination among schizophrenia, autism, and healthy controls based on differentially expressed genes. However, considerable differences were still evident among schizophrenia patients under inspection. For one individual with schizophrenia, expression analysis revealed deregulation of genes associated with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) presentation pathway. Interestingly, antipsychotic treatment of healthy control neurons also increased MHC class II expression. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis combined with pattern analysis of calcium signals appeared as a tool to discriminate between SZ and ASD phenotypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Marie Grunwald
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Molecular Biology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Stock
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Molecular Biology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Kathrina Haag
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Molecular Biology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Buckenmaier
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Cell Physiology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Mark-Christian Eberle
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wildgruber
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helena Storchak
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kriebel
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Molecular Biology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Weißgraeber
- 0000 0004 6008 5552grid.498061.2CeGaT GmbH - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisha Mathew
- 0000 0004 6008 5552grid.498061.2CeGaT GmbH - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yasmin Singh
- 0000 0004 6008 5552grid.498061.2CeGaT GmbH - Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maarten Loos
- grid.426096.fSylics (Synaptologics BV), PO Box 71033, 1008 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- grid.484519.5Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- 0000 0000 9457 1306grid.461765.7Department Cell Physiology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- 0000 0001 2190 1447grid.10392.39Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Volkmer
- Department Molecular Biology, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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14
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Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease: Selected therapeutic advances beyond the dopaminergic etiologies. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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15
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Bao GC, Bleimeister IH, Zimmerman LA, Wellcome JL, Niesman PJ, Radabaugh HL, Bondi CO, Kline AE. Intermittent Administration of Haloperidol after Cortical Impact Injury Neither Impedes Spontaneous Recovery Nor Attenuates the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1606-1614. [PMID: 30458116 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of haloperidol (HAL) once-daily for 19 days after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) impedes recovery and attenuates the efficacy of environmental enrichment (EE). However, it is unknown how intermittent administration of HAL affects the recovery process when paired with EE. Addressing the uncertainty is relevant because daily HAL is not always warranted to manage TBI-induced agitation in the clinic, and indeed intermittent therapy may be a more common approach. Hence, the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that intermittent HAL would neither impair recovery in standard (STD)-housed controls nor attenuate the efficacy of EE. Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact or sham injury and then were housed in STD or EE conditions. Beginning 24 h later, HAL (0.5 mg/kg; intraperitoneally [i.p.]) was administered either once-daily for 19 days or once every other day, whereas vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg; i.p.) was administered once daily. Motor performance and cognition were assessed on post-injury days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Cortical lesion volume was quantified on day 21. SHAM controls performed better than all TBI groups on motor and spatial learning [p < 0.05], but did not differ from the TBI + EE + daily VEH group on memory retention [p > 0.05]. The TBI + EE + daily VEH and TBI + EE + intermittent HAL groups did not differ from one another on beam-walk or spatial learning [p > 0.05], and both performed better than all other TBI groups [p < 0.05]. In contrast, the TBI + STD + daily HAL group performed worse than all TBI groups on spatial learning [p < 0.05]. No difference in any endpoint was revealed between the TBI + STD + intermittent HAL and TBI + STD + daily VEH groups [p > 0.05]. The results support the hypothesis that HAL is not detrimental when provided intermittently. If translatable to the clinic, intermittent HAL may be used to control TBI-induced agitation without negatively affecting spontaneous recovery or rehabilitative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Bao
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabel H Bleimeister
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lydia A Zimmerman
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - JoDy L Wellcome
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Niesman
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah L Radabaugh
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corina O Bondi
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony E Kline
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,6 Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Park SW, Seo MK, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Lee JH, Park SC, Huh L, Lee JG. Effects of olanzapine and haloperidol on mTORC1 signaling, dendritic outgrowth, and synaptic proteins in rat primary hippocampal neurons under toxic conditions. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:59-66. [PMID: 30149032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that antipsychotic drugs may activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in neurons. However, the relationship between mTORC1 signaling activation and currently prescribed antipsychotic drugs remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alterations in the level of mTORC1 signaling occur after rat primary hippocampal neurons are treated with olanzapine and haloperidol under toxic conditions. Additionally, we investigated whether these drugs affect dendritic outgrowth and synaptic protein expression through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. We measured changes in mTORC1-mediated and synaptic proteins by Western blotting assay under toxic conditions induced by B27 deprivation. Dendritic outgrowth was determined by a neurite assay. Olanzapine significantly increased the phosphorylated levels of mTORC1, its downstream effectors, and its upstream activators. The increased mTORC1 phosphorylation induced by olanzapine was significantly blocked by specific PI3K, MEK, or mTORC1 inhibitors. Olanzapine also increased dendritic outgrowth and synaptic proteins levels; all of these effects were blocked by rapamycin. However, haloperidol had none of these effects. We demonstrated that olanzapine, but not haloperidol, activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway and increased dendritic outgrowth and synaptic proteins by activating mTORC1 signaling in rat primary hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that olanzapine affects neuroplasticity by activating mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lyang Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Reddy NR, Krishnamurthy S. Repeated olanzapine treatment mitigates PTSD like symptoms in rats with changes in cell signaling factors. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:365-377. [PMID: 29902501 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder with prolonged distortion of rational behavior. In this study, we report the preclinical potential of olanzapine (OLZ) in the treatment of PTSD. Since the atypical antipsychotics have modulating effects on cell protective and destructive factors, we tested the effects of OLZ in PTSD regarding these cell modulating factors. Rats, when subjected to stress-restress (SRS) model of PTSD, showed a derangement in cell protective factors like the decline in BDNF, ERK, and CREB. While the adversarial factors like caspase-3 were enhanced. Four weeks treatment with OLZ at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg significantly mitigated the SRS-induced derangement related to PTSD. OLZ at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg enhanced BDNF, ERK and CREB levels which were reduced by SRS in PTSD animals. Further, at the fore mentioned doses it also inhibited the elevation of caspase-3 a downstream apoptotic factor. Besides, OLZ also showed mitigation in behavioral alterations related to anxiety and memory brought about by PTSD. These effects of OLZ were comparable to that of paroxetine a clinically approved drug for PTSD in terms of biochemical and behavioral assessments indicating its anti-PTSD potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagannathahalli Ranga Reddy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P., 221 005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P., 221 005, India.
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18
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Benvegnú DM, Roversi K, Barcelos RCS, Trevizol F, Pase CS, Segat HJ, Dias VT, Savian AL, Piccoli BL, Piccolo J, Dutra-Filho CS, Emanuelli T, de Bona da Silva C, Beck RCR, Burger ME. Effects of Fish and Grape Seed Oils as Core of Haloperidol-Loaded Nanocapsules on Oral Dyskinesia in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:477-487. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Xue F, Chen YC, Zhou CH, Wang Y, Cai M, Yan WJ, Wu R, Wang HN, Peng ZW. Risperidone ameliorates cognitive deficits, promotes hippocampal proliferation, and enhances Notch signaling in a murine model of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:101-109. [PMID: 29037878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic agents have been reported to promote hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive deficits; yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. In the present study, we used a murine model of schizophrenia induced by 5-day intraperitoneal injection with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801 (0.3mg/kg/day) to assess cognitive behavioral deficits, changes in Notch signaling, and cellular proliferation in the hippocampus of adult male C57BL/6 mice after 2-week administration of risperidone (Rip, 0.2mg/kg/day) or vehicle. We then utilized in vivo stereotaxic injections of a lentivirus expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for Notch1 into the dentate gyrus to examine the role of Notch1 in the observed actions of Rip. We found that Rip ameliorated cognitive deficits and restored cell proliferation in MK801-treated mice in a manner associated with the up-regulation of Notch signaling molecules, including Notch1, Hes1, and Hes5. Moreover, these effects were abolished by pretreatment with Notch1 shRNA. Our results suggest that the ability of Rip to improve cognitive function in schizophrenia is mediated in part by Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yun-Chun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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20
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Kaneta H, Ukai W, Tsujino H, Furuse K, Kigawa Y, Tayama M, Ishii T, Hashimoto E, Kawanishi C. Antipsychotics promote GABAergic interneuron genesis in the adult rat brain: Role of heat-shock protein production. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:108-118. [PMID: 28414930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms and reverse negative symptoms in conjunction with cognitive behavioral issues with the goal of restoring impaired occupational and social functioning. However, limited information is available on their influence on gliogenesis or their neurogenic properties in adult schizophrenia brains, particularly on GABAergic interneuron production. In the present study, we used young adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived progenitor cells expressing proteoglycan NG2 cultures to examine the oligodendrocyte and GABAergic interneuron genesis effects of several kinds of antipsychotics on changes in differentiation function induced by exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We herein demonstrated that antipsychotics promoted or restored changes in the oligodendrocyte/GABAergic interneuron differentiation functions of NG2(+) cells induced by the exposure to MK-801, which was considered to be one of the drug-induced schizophrenia model. We also demonstrated that antipsychotics restored heat-shock protein (HSP) production in NG2(+) cells with differentiation impairment. The antipsychotics olanzapine, aripiprazole, and blonanserin, but not haloperidol increased HSP90 levels, which were reduced by the exposure to MK-801. Our results showed that antipsychotics, particularly those recently synthesized, exerted similar GABAergic interneuron genesis effects on NG2(+) neuronal/glial progenitor cells in the adult rat brain by increasing cellular HSP production, and also suggest that HSP90 may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is a key target for next drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Kaneta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Hanako Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Kengo Furuse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kigawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Takao Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kawanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
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21
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An HM, Tan YL, Shi J, Wang Z, Lv MH, Soares JC, Zhou D, Yang F, Zhang XY. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and alpha-tocopherol attenuate haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible implication of antiapoptotic mechanisms by preventing Bcl-2 decrease and Bax elevation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1653-1660. [PMID: 27823630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious side effect of long-term administration of typical neuroleptics, such as haloperidol. The pathophysiology of TD remains unclear, but the experimental evidence suggests that free radical-induced neuronal apoptosis in the basal ganglia may play an important role. PURPOSE This study was to investigate changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in TD-associated brain regions and the effects of the antioxidant EGb761 on Bax and Bcl-2 levels in an animal model of TD. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four study groups: saline control (saline), haloperidol-alone (haloperidol), EGb761-haloperidol (EGb), and alpha-tocopherol-haloperidol (vitamin E). Rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal haloperidol injections (2 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. EGb761 (50 mg/kg/day) and alpha-tocopherol (20 mg/kg/day) were then administered for another 5 weeks during the withdrawal period. Behavioral assessments were performed, and Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were immunohistochemically analyzed in four brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, striatum, substantia nigra, and globus pallidum. RESULTS We found that increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) were associated with increased proapoptotic Bax protein expression, decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. EGb761 and alpha-tocopherol treatment reversed the increase in VCMs, decreased Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that long-term haloperidol administration may affect Bcl-2 protein family expression and promote neuronal apoptosis in the basal ganglia. In combination with their antioxidant capacity, EGb761 and alpha-tocopherol's antiapoptotic effects through Bcl-2 might account for the symptom improvement observed in haloperidol-induced TD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei An
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Han Lv
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dongfeng Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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22
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Gottschling C, Geissler M, Springer G, Wolf R, Juckel G, Faissner A. First and second generation antipsychotics differentially affect structural and functional properties of rat hippocampal neuron synapses. Neuroscience 2016; 337:117-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Asada M, Mizutani S, Takagi M, Suzuki H. Antipsychotics promote neural differentiation of human iPS cell-derived neural stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:615-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Phelps TI, Bondi CO, Mattiola VV, Kline AE. Relative to Typical Antipsychotic Drugs, Aripiprazole Is a Safer Alternative for Alleviating Behavioral Disturbances After Experimental Brain Trauma. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 31:25-33. [PMID: 27225976 DOI: 10.1177/1545968316650281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced behavioral disturbances, such as agitation and aggression. However, APDs exhibiting D2 receptor antagonism impede cognitive recovery after experimental TBI. Hence, empirical evaluation of APDs with different mechanistic actions is warranted. Aripiprazole (ARIP) is a D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist; pharmacotherapies with these properties enhance cognition after TBI. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ARIP would increase behavioral performance and decrease histopathology after TBI. METHODS Adult male rats were subjected to either a controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury and then randomly assigned to ARIP (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg) or VEH (1.0 mL/kg, saline vehicle) groups. Treatments began 24 hours after surgery and were administered once daily for 19 days. Motor (beam-balance/beam-walk) and cognitive (Morris water maze) performance was assessed on postoperative days 1 to 5 and 14 to 19, respectively, followed by quantification of hippocampal CA1,3 neuron survival and cortical lesion volume. RESULTS Beam-balance was significantly improved in the CCI + ARIP (1.0 mg/kg) group versus CCI + ARIP (0.1 mg/kg) and CCI + VEH (P < .05). Spatial learning and memory retention were significantly improved in the CCI + ARIP (0.1 mg/kg) group versus the CCI + ARIP (1.0 mg/kg) and CCI + VEH groups (P < .05). Both doses of ARIP reduced lesion size and CA3 cell loss versus VEH (P < .05). Importantly, neither dose of ARIP impeded functional recovery as previously reported with other APDs. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis and endorse ARIP as a safer APD for alleviating behavioral disturbances after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Phelps
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Case Western/MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland OH, USA
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Folweiler KA, Bondi CO, Ogunsanya EA, LaPorte MJ, Leary JB, Radabaugh HL, Monaco CM, Kline AE. Combining the Antipsychotic Drug Haloperidol and Environmental Enrichment after Traumatic Brain Injury Is a Double-Edged Sword. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:451-458. [PMID: 26975872 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) confers significant benefits after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). In contrast, the antipsychotic drug (APD) haloperidol (HAL) exerts deleterious effects on neurobehavioral and cognitive recovery. Neurorehabilitation and management of agitation, however, are integral components of the treatment strategy for patients with TBI. Hence, the goal of this study was to determine how the two therapeutic approaches interact and influence motor and cognitive recovery. Anesthetized adult male rats received a controlled cortical impact (2.8 mm tissue deformation at 4 m/sec) or sham injury and then were provided HAL (0.5 mg/kg; intraperitoneally [IP]) or vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg; IP) commencing 24 h after surgery and once daily for 19 days while housed in EE or standard (STD) conditions. Beam balance/walk and Morris water maze performance were assessed on post-injury days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively, followed immediately by quantification of cortical lesion volumes. The data revealed both expected and unexpected findings. It was not surprising that the TBI groups receiving EE performed significantly better than those in STD housing and that the TBI + STD + HAL group performed worse than the TBI + STD + VEH group (p < 0.05). What was surprising was that the therapeutic effects of EE were greatly reduced by concomitant administration of HAL. No differences in cortical lesion volumes were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). The potential clinical implications of these findings suggest that administering HAL to patients undergoing neurorehabilitation may be a double-edged sword because agitation must be controlled before rehabilitation can be safely initiated and executed, but its use may compromise therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Folweiler
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corina O Bondi
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Ogunsanya
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan J LaPorte
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob B Leary
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah L Radabaugh
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M Monaco
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony E Kline
- 1 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Psychology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,6 Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
This article reviews the results of longitudinal studies on frontal brain volume reduction in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and focuses on the relationship with antipsychotic treatment. Based on a systematic literature search all studies were included in which results on changes of brain volumes over a longer period of time were correlated with antipsychotic treatment dose and disease severity. The findings indicate that there is evidence for grey and white matter volume changes of the frontal brain, which cannot be explained by the severity of the disease alone but are also very likely a manifestation of long-term effects of antipsychotics. Whether second generation antipsychotics have an advantage compared to first generation antipsychotics is currently unclear. Considering the contribution of antipsychotics to the changes in brain structure, which seem to depend on cumulative dosage and can exert adverse effects on neurocognition, negative and positive symptoms and psychosocial functioning, the guidelines for antipsychotic long-term drug treatment should be reconsidered. This is the reason why we and others recommend prescribing the lowest dose necessary to control symptoms. In non-schizophrenic psychiatric disorders, antipsychotics should be used only with great caution after a careful risk-benefit assessment. Moreover, treatment approaches which can help to minimize antipsychotic medication or even administer them only selectively are of increasing importance.
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Azorin JM, Simon N, Adida M, Belzeaux R. Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 17:231-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Park HJ, Kim JY. Incidence of Neutropenia With Valproate and Quetiapine Combination Treatment in Subjects With Acquired Brain Injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 97:183-8. [PMID: 26427579 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the incidence of neutropenia was higher in subjects who received a combination treatment with valproate and quetiapine than in those who were administered monotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Rehabilitation department of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients with acquired brain injuries who had taken valproate for seizures or quetiapine for delirium for >7 days (N=101). Data were extracted from electronic medical records of the hospital. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count<2000 cells/μL) was elicited from the weekly complete blood cell records for 71.07±43.71 days of observation. The odds ratio for neutropenia development was calculated and adjusted for variables that showed significant differences between patients with or without neutropenia. RESULTS The incidence of neutropenia was significantly higher in the group receiving the combination treatment than in those receiving the monotherapy (32.26% vs 12.90%, adjusted P=.036), despite a lack of any differences in the daily doses of the medications. Coadministration of quetiapine and valproate was the predictor of neutropenia development when age, body weight, and underlying diseases were adjusted in the logistic regression model (odds ratio=3.749; 95% confidence interval, 1.161-12.099; P=.027). CONCLUSIONS Administration of quetiapine together with valproate in patients with acquired brain injury could increase the incidence of medication-induced neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bakhshi K, Chance S. The neuropathology of schizophrenia: A selective review of past studies and emerging themes in brain structure and cytoarchitecture. Neuroscience 2015; 303:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Moritz S, Thoering T, Kühn S, Willenborg B, Westermann S, Nagel M. Metacognition-augmented cognitive remediation training reduces jumping to conclusions and overconfidence but not neurocognitive deficits in psychosis. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1048. [PMID: 26283990 PMCID: PMC4522518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with schizophrenia display neurocognitive deficits (e.g., memory impairment) as well as inflated cognitive biases (e.g., jumping to conclusions). Both cognitive domains are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disorder and are known to compromise functional outcome. At present, there is a dearth of effective treatment options. A total of 90 patients with schizophrenia were recruited online (a diagnosis of schizophrenia had been confirmed in a large subgroup during a previous hospital admission). Subsequent to a baseline assessment encompassing psychopathology, self-reported cognition as well as objective memory and reasoning tests, patients were randomized to one of three conditions: standard cognitive remediation (mybraintraining), metacognition-augmented cognition remediation (CR) condition (variant of mybraintraining which encouraged patients to reduce speed of decision-making and attenuate response confidence when participants made high-confidence judgements and hasty incorrect decisions) and a waitlist control group. Patients were retested after 6 weeks and again 3 months after the second assessment. Groups did not differ on psychopathology and neurocognitive parameters at any timepoint. However, at follow-up the metacognitive-augmented CR group displayed a significant reduction on jumping to conclusions and overconfidence. Treatment adherence correlated with a reduction of depression; gains in the training exercises from the standard mybraintraining condition were correlated with improved objective memory performance. The study suggests that metacognition-augmented CR may ameliorate cognitive biases but not neurocognition. The study ties in well with prior research showing that neurocognitive dysfunctions are rather resistant to change; the failure to detect significant improvement of CR or metacognition-augmented CR on psychopathology and neurocognition over time may partly be attributed to a number of methodological limitations of our study (low psychopathology and chronicity of participants, low “dosage,” narrow range of tests, self-report psychopathology scales).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Moritz
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Thoering
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Willenborg
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Westermann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany ; Asklepios Medical Center Hamburg-North-Wandsbek, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Hamburg, Germany
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Kusumi I, Boku S, Takahashi Y. Psychopharmacology of atypical antipsychotic drugs: From the receptor binding profile to neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:243-58. [PMID: 25296946 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The original definition of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APD) was drugs that are effective against positive symptoms in schizophrenia with no or little extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). However, atypical APD have been reported to be more effective for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia than typical APD, which expands the definition of 'atypicality'. This article provides a critical review of the pharmacology of atypical APD, especially from the viewpoint of receptor binding profiles and neurotransmitter regulations as well as neuroprotection and neurogenesis. A variety of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, such as 5-HT2A / 2C , 5-HT1A , 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors, may contribute to the mechanisms of action of 'atypicality'. The dopaminergic modulations, including a low affinity for dopamine D2 receptors and a partial D2 receptor agonistic action, and glutamatergic regulations may also be involved in the pharmacological backgrounds of 'atypicality'. Atypical APD, but not typical APD, may facilitate cortical neuroprotection and hippocampal neurogenesis, which might be a part of the action mechanisms of atypical APD. The facilitation of cortical neuroprotection and hippocampal neurogenesis induced by atypical APD might be mediated by an increase in the Ser9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors and/or the blockade of 5-HT2 receptors, which is characteristic of atypical APD, might increase Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Moreover, atypical APD increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. BDNF increases Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK-3β and has neuroprotective and neurogenic effects, as in the case of atypical APD. These findings suggest that GSK-3β might play a role in the action mechanisms of atypical APD, in both the 5-HT-dependent and BDNF-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Phelps TI, Bondi CO, Ahmed RH, Olugbade YT, Kline AE. Divergent long-term consequences of chronic treatment with haloperidol, risperidone, and bromocriptine on traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive deficits. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:590-7. [PMID: 25275833 PMCID: PMC4394178 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are provided in the clinic to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced agitation and aggression. Experimental TBI studies consistently show that daily administration of the APDs, haloperidol (HAL) and risperidone (RISP), hinder recovery. However, it is unknown how long the adverse effects remain after cessation of treatment. To elucidate this clinically relevant issue, anesthetized male rats were randomly assigned to four TBI (controlled cortical impact) and four sham groups administered HAL (0.5 mg/kg), RISP (0.45 mg/kg), bromocriptine (BRO; 5.0 mg/kg, included as a control for D2 receptor action), or vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg) 24 h after surgery and once-daily for 19 days. Motor and cognitive recovery was assessed on days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively, and again at 1 and 3 months after drug withdrawal. No overall group differences were observed for motor function among the TBI groups, although the HAL group showed a greater beam-walk deficit on day 5 versus the VEH and BRO groups. Cognitive recovery was significantly impaired in the HAL and RISP groups during the treatment phase versus VEH and BRO. Further, BRO was superior to VEH (p=0.0042). At 1 month, both groups that received APDs continued to exhibit significant cognitive impairment versus VEH and BRO; at 3 months, only the HAL group was impaired. Moreover, the HAL, RISP, and VEH groups continued to be cognitively deficient versus BRO, which also reduced cortical damage. These data replicate previous reports that HAL and RISP impede cognitive recovery after TBI and expand the literature by revealing that the deleterious effects persist for 3 months after drug discontinuation. BRO conferred cognitive benefits when administered concomitantly with behavioral testing, thus replicating previous findings, and also after cessation demonstrating enduring efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I. Phelps
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corina O. Bondi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rashid H. Ahmed
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yewande T. Olugbade
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony E. Kline
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Smith GC, McEwen H, Steinberg JD, Shepherd PR. The activation of the Akt/PKB signalling pathway in the brains of clozapine-exposed rats is linked to hyperinsulinemia and not a direct drug effect. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4553-60. [PMID: 24800899 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The second generation antipsychotic drug clozapine is a much more effective therapy for schizophrenia than first generation compounds, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. We have previously shown that one distinguishing feature of clozapine is its ability to raise glucagon levels in animal models and thus causes prolonged hyperinsulinemia without inducing hypoglycaemia. Previous studies have provided evidence that defects in Akt/PKB and GSK3 signalling can contribute to development of psychiatric diseases. Clozapine is known to activate Akt/PKB in the brain, and some studies have indicated that this is due to a direct effect of the drug on the neurons. However, we provide strong evidence that elevated insulin levels induced by clozapine are in fact the real cause of the drug's effects on Akt/PKB and GSK3 in the brain. This suggests that the elevated levels of insulin induced by clozapine may contribute to this drug's therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Smith
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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Chen W, Zhu F, Guo J, Sheng J, Li W, Zhao X, Wang G, Li K. Chronic haloperidol increases voltage-gated Na+ currents in mouse cortical neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:55-60. [PMID: 24875357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Typical antipsychotics are characterized by extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS). Previous studies demonstrated that typical antipsychotics could inhibit neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). However, EPS typically emerge only upon prolonged exposure. As a result, we examined effects of haloperidol, a prototype typical antipsychotic, on neuronal VGSC upon incubation for varying duration. Briefly, VGSC currents were activated and recorded using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique in primary culture of mouse cortical neurons. VGSC activity was inhibited by acute haloperidol exposure (for minutes), but enhanced in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by chronic haloperidol exposure (for hours). The effects of chronic haloperidol were associated with increased expression of VGSC subunits as well as corresponding electrophysiological channel properties. In summary, we found enhanced VGSC currents upon chronic haloperidol exposure in cortical neurons in contrast to inhibition by acute haloperidol exposure. Such a results may contribute to EPS of typical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jingfang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:316-324. [PMID: 25036041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. In the present study, the cyto/genotoxic potential of clinically relevant concentrations of HLP was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) as sensitive biomarkers of exposure. HLP was administered as HLP hydrochloride in the final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml for 4 and 24 h period. Cytotoxicity was determined using differential staining of HPBLs with acridine orange and ethidium bromide while chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assays were applied to estimate the chromosomal and DNA damage after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that HLP is capable of inducing cyto/genotoxicity in tested cells. Present study has also confirmed the need for further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring to minimize the risk of any possible adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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36
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Johansen FF, Hasseldam H, Rasmussen RS, Bisgaard AS, Bonfils PK, Poulsen SS, Hansen-Schwartz J. Drug-Induced Hypothermia as Beneficial Treatment before and after Cerebral Ischemia. Pathobiology 2014; 81:42-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000352026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gassó P, Mas S, Molina O, Lafuente A, Bernardo M, Parellada E. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis in cultured fibroblasts from antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 48:94-101. [PMID: 24128664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered apoptosis has been proposed as a potential mechanism involved in the abnormal neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative processes associated with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate in primary fibroblast cultures whether antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia have greater apoptotic susceptibility than healthy controls. Cell growth, cell viability and various apoptotic hallmarks (caspase-3 activity, translocation of phosphatidylserine, chromatin condensation and gene expression of AKT1, BAX, BCL2, CASP3, GSK3B and P53) were measured in fibroblast cultures obtained from skin biopsies of patients (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 8), both in basal conditions and after inducing apoptosis with staurosporine. Compared to controls, cultured fibroblasts from patients showed higher caspase-3 activity and lower BCL2 expression. When exposed to staurosporine, fibroblasts from patients also showed higher caspase-3 activity; a higher percentage of cells with translocated phosphatidylserine and condensed chromatin; and higher p53 expression compared to fibroblasts from controls. No differences in cell viability or cell growth were detected. These results strongly support the hypothesis that first-episode schizophrenia patients may have increased susceptibility to apoptosis, which may be involved in the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gassó
- Dept. Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Panaccione I, Napoletano F, Forte AM, Kotzalidis GD, Del Casale A, Rapinesi C, Brugnoli C, Serata D, Caccia F, Cuomo I, Ambrosi E, Simonetti A, Savoja V, De Chiara L, Danese E, Manfredi G, Janiri D, Motolese M, Nicoletti F, Girardi P, Sani G. Neurodevelopment in schizophrenia: the role of the wnt pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:535-58. [PMID: 24403877 PMCID: PMC3763761 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the role of Wnt pathways in the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia. METHODS SYSTEMATIC PUBMED SEARCH, USING AS KEYWORDS ALL THE TERMS RELATED TO THE WNT PATHWAYS AND CROSSING THEM WITH EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AREAS: normal neurodevelopment and physiology, neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia, schizophrenia, and antipsychotic drug action. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental, behavioural, genetic, and psychopharmacological data point to the possible involvement of Wnt systems, especially the canonical pathway, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in the mechanism of antipsychotic drug action. The molecules most consistently found to be associated with abnormalities or in antipsychotic drug action are Akt1, glycogen synthase kinase3beta, and beta-catenin. However, the extent to which they contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or to antipsychotic action remains to be established. CONCLUSIONS The study of the involvement of Wnt pathway abnormalities in schizophrenia may help in understanding this multifaceted clinical entity; the development of Wnt-related pharmacological targets must await the collection of more data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Panaccione
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoletano
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Forte
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D. Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Del Casale
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rapinesi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Brugnoli
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Serata
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caccia
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cuomo
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Ambrosi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Savoja
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia De Chiara
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Danese
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Rome, Italy
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[Can long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs lead to structural brain damage? Pro]. DER NERVENARZT 2013; 84:1117-9. [PMID: 23868706 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the second most common cause of parkinsonism after idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Initially reported as a complication of antipsychotics, it was later recognized as a common complication of antidepressants, calcium channel antagonists, gastrointestinal prokinetics, antiepileptic drugs and many other compounds. Despite being a major health problem in certain populations, it seems to be frequently overlooked by the medical community. AREAS COVERED This paper approaches the concept of DIP, reviews its epidemiology, clinical features and ancillary tests recommended for a correct diagnosis. The authors discuss the different drugs and its pathogenic mechanisms. The relevance of an early recognition and recommendations for a correct management are commented. EXPERT OPINION Prescribers need to remain vigilant for DIP, particularly in the elderly, patients taking multiple drugs and those with genetic risk factors involved in iPD. Cessation of the causing agent is the main treatment and there is no evidence of benefit for the use of anticholinergics or levodopa. If the medication cannot be withdrawn, it should be switched to agents with a lower risk of DIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-Sendón
- Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Servicio de Neurología, CIBERNED, Ctra de Colmenar Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
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Song SW, Sun Y, Su BL, Liu C, Yang C, Godfraind T, Su DF. Risperidone enhances the vulnerability to stroke in hypertensive rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 18:343-9. [PMID: 22486847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug that may increase the risk of stroke. The present work examined whether risperidone enhances the vulnerability to stroke in hypertensive rats and the potential mechanisms underlying such action. METHODS Experiment 1: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and stroke-prone SHRs (SHR-SPs) were treated with risperidone (0.8 and 2.4 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 30 consecutive days. Tissue damage in response to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was measured microscopically. The activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, the levels of malondialdehyde were also determined. Experiment 2: Survival data were recorded in SHR-SPs that received daily risperidone perpetually. Experiment 3: Effect of risperidone on interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α was examined in quiescent or LPS-activated cortical microglias from WKY rats. Experiment 4: Potential damage of risperidone exposure to neurons was examined in primary neuronal culture obtained from WKY rats, SHRs, and SHR-SPs. RESULTS Risperidone increased infarct areas upon MCAO in SHR-SPs and SHRs, but not in WKY rats. Survival time in SHR-SPs was shortened by risperidone. Apoptosis was augmented by risperidone through enhanced Bax. Risperidone also increased endothelial injury. CONCLUSIONS Risperidone enhances the vulnerability to stroke in hypertensive rats through increasing neuronal apoptosis and endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang D, Wong HK, Zhang L, McAlonan GM, Wang XM, Sze SCW, Feng YB, Zhang ZJ. Not only dopamine D2 receptors involved in Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction, an herbal preparation against antipsychotic-associated hyperprolactinemia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:332-8. [PMID: 22796279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of an herbal preparation called Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction (PGD) in alleviating antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL). In the present study, we further examined the pharmacological action of PGD on prolactin (PRL) secretion using in vitro and in vivo models, with specific attention to the role of dopaminergic mediators and other sex hormones. Treatment with PGD at 1-5mg/ml significantly suppressed PRL secretion and synthesis in MMQ cells, a model of hyperPRL derived from pituitary adenoma cells. The suppressive effects were completely abolished by pretreatment with 10μM haloperidol, a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist. Consistent with a D(2)-action, PGD did not affect PRL in rat pituitary lactotropic tumor-derived GH3 cells that lack the D(2) receptor expression but significantly increased the expression of D(2) receptors and dopamine transporters (DAT) in PC12 cells. In a rat model of hyperPRL, produced by repeated injection of the dopamine blocker metoclopramide (MCP), chronic PGD (2.5-10g/kg daily) significantly reduced elevated serum PRL. The reduction in magnitude was similar to that elicited by bromocriptine (BMT), a dopamine D(2) receptor agonist currently used for treatment of hyperPRL. Neither PGD nor BMT altered serum estradiol, but PGD reversed decreased serum progesterone to control level, whereas BMT did not. These results indicate that the anti-hyperPRL effects of PGD are associated not only with D(2) receptor and DAT modulation, but also with a normalization of other sex hormone dysfunction. This experimental evidence supports clinical use of PGD as an effective treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperPRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kim SH, Lee HY, Yi H, Ahn YM, Kim YS. Haloperidol induces demethylation and expression of the dual specificity phosphatase 6 gene in MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sani G, Napoletano F, Forte AM, Kotzalidis GD, Panaccione I, Porfiri GM, Simonetti A, Caloro M, Girardi N, Telesforo CL, Serra G, Romano S, Manfredi G, Savoja V, Tamorri SM, Koukopoulos AE, Serata D, Rapinesi C, Casale AD, Nicoletti F, Girardi P. The wnt pathway in mood disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:239-53. [PMID: 23449817 PMCID: PMC3468878 DOI: 10.2174/157015912803217279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the evidence of the involvement of the Wnt signalling pathway in mood disorders and in the action of drugs used to treat these disorders. METHODS We performed a careful PubMed search using as keywords all possible terms relevant to the Wnt pathway and crossing them with each of four areas, i.e., developmental effects, behavioural effects, mood disorders, and drugs used in their treatment. Papers were selected on the basis of their content and their data used for discussion. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental and behavioural data point to the possibility of involvement of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Clinical and post-mortem data are not sufficient to corroborate a definite role for Wnt alterations in any mood disorder. Combining genetic and pharmacological data, we may state that glycogen synthase kinase is the key molecule in bipolar disorder, as it is connected with many other signalling pathways that were shown to be involved in mood disorders, while Wnt molecules in the hippocampus appear to be mainly involved in depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS Altered Wnt signalling may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, although not a central one. It is premature to draw conclusions regarding the possible usefulness of Wnt manipulations in the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sani
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Napoletano
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Forte
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giorgio D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Panaccione
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Giulio Maria Porfiri
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Simonetti
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caloro
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Girardi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ludovica Telesforo
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Serra
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Savoja
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Maria Tamorri
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexia E Koukopoulos
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Serata
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rapinesi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Del Casale
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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A new synthetic varacin analogue, 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride (TC-2153), decreased hereditary catalepsy and increased the BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:469-78. [PMID: 22127556 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The creation of effective psychotropic drugs is the key problem of psychopharmacology. Natural compounds and their synthetic analogues attract particular attention. OBJECTIVES The effect of a new synthetic analogue of varacin, 8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine hydrochloride (TC-2153), on the behavior and the expression of the genes coding BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Bdnf) and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein, Creb) implicated in the mechanism of psychotropic drug action as well as gp130 (Il6st) implicated in the mechanism of hereditary catalepsy in the brain of mice of ASC (Antidepressant Sensitive Catalepsy) strain was studied. RESULTS Acute per os administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg of TC-2153 significantly decreased catalepsy. At the same time, in the open field test, 10 or 20 mg/kg of TC-2153 did not influence the locomotor activity, grooming or time spent in the center, while the highest dose of the drug (40 mg/kg) significantly reduced time in the center without any effect on locomotion and grooming. Chronic TC-2153 treatment (10 mg/kg for 12-16 days) did not influence the behavior in the open field but significantly attenuated catalepsy, increased Bdnf mRNA and decreased Il6st mRNA levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest: 1) TC-2153 as a new drug with potential psychotropic and anticataleptic activities and 2) the involvement of BDNF and gp130 in the molecular mechanism of TC-2153 action.
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Antipsychotic induced alteration of growth and proteome of rat neural stem cells. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1649-59. [PMID: 22528831 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system and therefore have the potential to target by therapeutic agents for a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. It has been suggested that antipsychotic drugs have significant effects on NSC activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-induced changes of NSC activities, particularly growth and protein expression, are largely unknown. NSCs were treated with either haloperidol (HD; 3 μM), risperidone (RS; 3 μM) or vehicle (DMSO) for 96 h. Protein expression profiles were studied through a proteomics approach. RS promoted and HD inhibited the growth of NSCs. Proteomics analysis revealed that 15 protein spots identified as 12 unique proteins in HD-, and 20 protein spots identified as 14 proteins in RS-treated groups, were differentially expressed relative to control. When these identified proteins were compared between the two drug-treated groups, 2 proteins overlapped leaving 10 HD-specific and 12 RS-specific proteins. Further comparison of the overlapped altered proteins of 96 h treatment with the neuroleptics-induced overlapped proteins at 24 h time interval (Kashem et al. [40] in Neurochem Int 55:558-565, 2009) suggested that overlapping altered proteins expression at 24 h was decreased (17 proteins i.e. 53 % of total expressed proteins) with the increase of time (96 h) (2 proteins; 8 % of total expressed proteins). This result indicated that at early stage both drugs showed common mode of action but the action was opposite to each other while administration was prolonged. The opposite morphological pattern of cellular growth at 96 h has been associated with dominant expression of oxidative stress and apoptosis cascades in HD, and activation of growth regulating metabolic pathways in RS treated cells. These results may explain RS induced repairing of neural damage caused by a wide variety of neural diseases including schizophrenia.
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Gassó P, Mas S, Molina O, Bernardo M, Lafuente A, Parellada E. Neurotoxic/neuroprotective activity of haloperidol, risperidone and paliperidone in neuroblastoma cells. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 36:71-7. [PMID: 21878360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of antipsychotic (AP) drugs seems to be linked with neurological side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). On the other hand, neuroprotective effects can mitigate or slow the progressive degenerative structural changes in the brain leading to improved outcome of schizophrenia. First and second-generation antipsychotics may differ in their neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to compare the neurotoxic/neuroprotective activity of haloperidol, a first-generation antipsychotic, and risperidone, a second-generation one, with paliperidone, a relatively new second-generation antipsychotic, in SK-N-SH cells. Haloperidol, risperidone and paliperidone (10, 50, 100 μM) were administered, either alone or in combination with dopamine (100 μM), to human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH. We examined the effects of the drugs on cell viability (measured by alamarBlue®), caspase-3 activity (measured by fluorimetric assay) and cell death (by measuring the externalization of phosphatidylserine). Haloperidol significantly decreased cell viability and increased caspase-3 activity and cell death. Risperidone and paliperidone did not affect cell viability or cell death. Both second-generation APs decreased caspase-3 activity, especially paliperidone. In cells treated with dopamine in combination with antipsychotics, only paliperidone (10 μM) induced a slight improvement in cell viability. While haloperidol potentiated the dopamine-induced increase in caspase-3 activity, risperidone and paliperidone reduced this effect. The results indicate that haloperidol induces apoptosis, whereas risperidone and paliperidone may afford protection against it. Of the APs tested, paliperidone always showed the strongest neuroprotective effect. The different antipsychotic effects on survival and cell death might be related to differences in their capacity to induce EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gassó
- Department Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
A variety of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, especially 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(6), 5-HT(7), and 5-HT(2C), have been postulated to contribute to the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), i.e., APDs which cause fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) at clinically optimal doses, in contrast with typical APDs, which are more likely to cause EPS. This advantage, rarely disputed, has made such drugs the preferred treatment for schizophrenia and other indications for APDs. These 5-HT receptors are still of interest as components of novel multireceptor or stand-alone APDs, and potentially to remediate cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Almost all currently available atypical APDs are 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonists, as well as dopamine (DA) D(2) receptor antagonists or partial agonists. Amisulpride, an exceptional atypical APD, has 5-HT(7) antagonism to complement its DA D(2/3) antagonism. Some atypical APDs are also 5-HT(1A) partial agonists, 5-HT(6), or 5-HT(7) antagonists, or some combination of the above. 5-HT(2C) antagonism has been found to contribute to the metabolic side effects of some atypical APDs, whereas 5-HT(2C) agonists have potential as stand-alone APDs and/or cognitive enhancers. This review will provide an update of current preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of these five 5-HT receptors in the actions of current APDs and for the development of novel psychotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chen ML, Tsai TC, Lin YY, Tsai YM, Wang LK, Lee MC, Tsai FM. Antipsychotic drugs suppress the AKT/NF-κB pathway and regulate the differentiation of T-cell subsets. Immunol Lett 2011; 140:81-91. [PMID: 21763349 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are commonly used to ease the symptoms of schizophrenia; however, these same drugs also have an effect on the human immune system. Our previous studies have shown that risperidone and clozapine effectively decrease the production of IFN-γ for CD4(+) T-cells in PBMC. In contrast, haloperidol causes an increase in the production of IFN-γ for CD4(+) T-cells in PBMC. In this study we show that risperidone and clozapine can reduce Th1 cell differentiation and T-bet expression. The differentiation of Th1 cells was reduced in clozapine or risperidone treated PBMC by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT but not STAT-4. Typical APD, haloperidol, had the opposite effect in regulating T cell differentiation when compared with atypical APDs including risperidone and clozapine. Haloperidol decreased the expression of GATA-3, a Th2-related transcription factor, by inhibiting NF-κB activation rather than STAT-6 phosphorylation and thus decreased Th2 differentiation. In addition, chronic risperidone and clozapine treatment reduces the IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T-cell population within PBMC. In conclusion, this study suggests that APDs do indeed regulate the body's immune response and therefore all APDs should have their own patent in regulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abekawa T, Ito K, Nakagawa S, Nakato Y, Koyama T. Effects of aripiprazole and haloperidol on progression to schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities and apoptosis in rodents. Schizophr Res 2011; 125:77-87. [PMID: 20833512 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aripiprazole (APZ) is considered a first-line medication for treating first and multiple episodes of schizophrenia, but its effect on preventing the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. This study examined the hypothesis that APZ blocks enhanced glutamate release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during psychotic episodes of schizophrenia, thereby preventing progression of the pathophysiology. We examined effects of APZ on methamphetamine (METH)-induced increases in glutamate levels in the mPFC, and on repeatedly administered METH-induced progression to schizophrenia-like behavioural abnormalities involving cross-sensitization to the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, deficit of prepulse inhibition (PPI), and expression of TUNEL-positive cells. Additionally, we compared the preventive effects of APZ to those of a conventional antipsychotic: haloperidol (HPD). Results show that APZ (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and HPD (0.1 mg/kg) each blocked METH (2.5 mg/kg)-induced increases in glutamate levels in the mPFC. Furthermore, APZ (3.0 mg/kg) and HPD (0.1 mg/kg), when co-administered repeatedly with METH, each prevented progression to schizophrenia-like behavioural and neuropathological abnormalities. Repeated co-administration of APZ (3.0 mg/kg) with saline did not induce apoptosis, although HPD (0.1 mg/kg) with saline did induce apoptosis. These results indicate that APZ and HPD prevented progressive pathophysiology, which is related to increased glutamate levels, and indicate that repeated administration of HPD, but not APZ, induced apoptosis under conditions without increased glutamate levels. These findings suggest the importance of using APZ and HPD in the appropriate stages of the glutamate-related pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Abekawa
- Kotoku-kai Aiko Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Matsue 2-7-1, 243-0005, Kanagawa, Japan.
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