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Mangal M, Srivastava A, Mandal B, Solanki V, Mirajkar SJ, Shashank PR, Kalia P, Rana JC, Sharma VK. Exploring Host Resistance against Chilli Leaf Curl Disease in a Tolerant Chilli Genotype. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1647. [PMID: 38931079 PMCID: PMC11207214 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In tropical countries, combating leaf curl disease in hot peppers has become important in improvement programs. Leaf curl disease is caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted begomoviruses, which mainly include chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). However, multiple begomoviruses have also been found to be associated with this disease. The Capsicum annuum line, DLS-Sel-10, was found to be a tolerant source against this disease during field screening. In this study, we characterized the resistance of DLS-sel-10 against chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) in comparison to the susceptible cultivar Phule Mukta (PM), focusing on the level, stage, and nature of resistance. Comprehensive investigations involved screening of DLS-Sel-10 against the whitefly vector ChiLCV. The putative tolerant line displayed reduced virus infection at the seedling stage, with increasing resistance during vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. Both DLS-Sel-10 and PM could be infected with ChiLCV, although DLS-Sel-10 remained symptomless. Insect feeding assays revealed DLS-Sel-10 as a less preferred host for whiteflies compared to PM. In conclusion, DLS-Sel-10 demonstrated tolerance not only to ChiLCV but also served as an unfavorable host for the whitefly vector. The study highlighted an age-dependent increase in tolerance within DLS-Sel-10, showcasing its potential for effective leaf curl disease management in chilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (S.J.M.)
| | - Arpita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (S.J.M.)
| | - Bikash Mandal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (V.S.)
| | - Vikas Solanki
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (V.S.)
| | - Shriram J. Mirajkar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (S.J.M.)
| | - Pathour R. Shashank
- Division of Entomology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India (S.J.M.)
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, India Office, New Delhi 110012, India
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Iqbal Z, Masood M, Shafiq M, Briddon RW. Temporal changes in the levels of virus and betasatellite DNA in B. tabaci feeding on CLCuD affected cotton during the growing season. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1410568. [PMID: 38841073 PMCID: PMC11150673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1410568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton, a key source of income for Pakistan, has suffered significantly by cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) since 1990. This disease is caused by a complex of phylogenetically-related begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) species and a specific betasatellite (genus Betasatellite, family Tolecusatellitidae), cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite. Additionally, another DNA satellite called alphasatellite (family Alphasatellitidae), is also frequently associated. All these virus components are vectored by a single species of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). While many factors affect cotton productivity, including cotton variety, sowing time, and environmental cues such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, CLCuD is a major biotic constraint. Although the understanding of begomoviruses transmission by whiteflies has advanced significantly over the past three decades, however, the in-field seasonal dynamics of the viruses in the insect vector remained an enigma. This study aimed to assess the levels of virus and betasatellite in whiteflies collected from cotton plants throughout the cotton growing season from 2014 to 2016. Notably, begomovirus levels showed no consistent pattern, with minimal variations, ranging from 0.0017 to 0.0074 ng.μg-1 of the genomic DNA in 2014, 0.0356 to 0.113 ng.μg-1 of the genomic DNA in 2015, and 0.0517 to 0.0791 ng.μg-1 of the genomic DNA in 2016. However, betasatellite levels exhibited a distinct pattern. During 2014 and 2015, it steadily increased throughout the sampling period (May to September). While 2016 showed a similar trend from the start of sampling (July) to September but a decline in October (end of sampling). Such a study has not been conducted previously, and could potentially provide valuable insights about the epidemiology of the virus complex causing CLCuD and possible means of controlling losses due to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariyam Masood
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Rob W. Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Aqueel R, Badar A, Roy N, Mushtaq Q, Ali AF, Bashir A, Ijaz UZ, Malik KA. Cotton microbiome profiling and Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) suppression through microbial consortia associated with Gossypium arboreum. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:100. [PMID: 38097579 PMCID: PMC10721634 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of breeding strategies has caused scientists to shift to other means where the new approach involves exploring the microbiome to modulate plant defense mechanisms against Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD). The cotton microbiome of CLCuD-resistant varieties may harbor a multitude of bacterial genera that significantly contribute to disease resistance and provide information on metabolic pathways that differ between the susceptible and resistant varieties. The current study explores the microbiome of CLCuD-susceptible Gossypium hirsutum and CLCuD-resistant Gossypium arboreum using 16 S rRNA gene amplification for the leaf endophyte, leaf epiphyte, rhizosphere, and root endophyte of the two cotton species. This revealed that Pseudomonas inhabited the rhizosphere while Bacillus was predominantly found in the phyllosphere of CLCuV-resistant G. arboreum. Using salicylic acid-producing Serratia spp. and Fictibacillus spp. isolated from CLCuD-resistant G. arboreum, and guided by our analyses, we have successfully suppressed CLCuD in the susceptible G. hirsutum through pot assays. The applied strains exhibited less than 10% CLCuD incidence as compared to control group where it was 40% at 40 days post viral inoculation. Through detailed analytics, we have successfully demonstrated that the applied microbes serve as a biocontrol agent to suppress viral disease in Cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Aqueel
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
- Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
| | - Ayesha Badar
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Roy
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Qandeel Mushtaq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Fatima Ali
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Bashir
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK.
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
| | - Kauser Abdulla Malik
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Khan MF, Umar UUD, Alrefaei AF, Rao MJ. Elicitor-Driven Defense Mechanisms: Shielding Cotton Plants against the Onslaught of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Virus (CLCuMuV) Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1148. [PMID: 37999244 PMCID: PMC10673074 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are potential elicitors found in plants, playing a crucial role against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The systemic acquired resistance (SAR) mechanism was evaluated in cotton plants for the suppression of Cotton leaf curl Multan Virus (CLCuMuV) by the exogenous application of different elicitors. Seven different treatments of SA, MeJA, and BTH were applied exogenously at different concentrations and combinations. In response to elicitors treatment, enzymatic activities such as SOD, POD, CAT, PPO, PAL, β-1,3 glucanse, and chitinase as biochemical markers for resistance were determined from virus-inoculated and uninoculated cotton plants of susceptible and tolerant varieties, respectively. CLCuMuV was inoculated on cotton plants by whitefly (Bemesia tabaci biotype Asia II-1) and detected by PCR using specific primers for the coat protein region and the Cotton leaf curl betasatellite (CLCuMuBV)-associated component of CLCuMuV. The development of disease symptoms was observed and recorded on treated and control plants. The results revealed that BTH applied at a concentration of 1.1 mM appeared to be the most effective treatment for suppressing CLCuMuV disease in both varieties. The enzymatic activities in both varieties were not significantly different, and the disease was almost equally suppressed in BTH-treated cotton plants following virus inoculation. The beta satellite and coat protein regions of CLCuMuV were not detected by PCR in the cotton plants treated with BTH at either concentration. Among all elicitors, 1.1 mM BTH was proven to be the best option for inducing resistance after the onset of CLCuMuV infection and hence it could be part of the integrated disease management program against Cotton leaf curl virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahad Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Ummad Ud Din Umar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Iqbal MJ, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Ilyas M, Hameed U, Herrmann HW, Chingandu N, Manzoor MT, Haider MS, Brown JK. Sentinel plot surveillance of cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan- a case study at the cultivated cotton-wild host plant interface. Virus Res 2023; 333:199144. [PMID: 37271420 PMCID: PMC10352719 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sentinel plot case study was carried out to identify and map the distribution of begomovirus-betasatellite complexes in sentinel plots and commercial cotton fields over a four-year period using molecular and high-throughput DNA 'discovery' sequencing approaches. Samples were collected from 15 study sites in the two major cotton-producing areas of Pakistan. Whitefly- and leafhopper-transmitted geminiviruses were detected in previously unreported host plant species and locations. The most prevalent begomovirus was cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bu). Unexpectedly, a recently recognized recombinant, cotton leaf curl Multan virus-Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Ra) was prevalent in five of 15 sites. cotton leaf curl Alabad virus (CLCuAlV) and cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Kokhran, 'core' members of CLCuD-begomoviruses that co-occurred with CLCuMuV in the 'Multan' epidemic were detected in one of 15 sentinel plots. Also identified were chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus and 'non-core' CLCuD-begomoviruses, okra enation leaf curl virus, squash leaf curl virus, and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) was the most prevalent CLCuD-betasatellite, and less commonly, two 'non-core' betasatellites. Recombination analysis revealed previously uncharacterized recombinants among helper virus-betasatellite complexes consisting of CLCuKoV, CLCuMuV, CLCuAlV and CLCuMuB. Population analyses provided early evidence for CLCuMuV-Ra expansion and displacement of CLCuKoV-Bu in India and Pakistan from 2012-2017. Identification of 'core' and non-core CLCuD-species/strains in cotton and other potential reservoirs, and presence of the now predominant CLCuMuV-Ra strain are indicative of ongoing diversification. Investigating the phylodynamics of geminivirus emergence in cotton-vegetable cropping systems offers an opportunity to understand the driving forces underlying disease outbreaks and reconcile viral evolution with epidemiological relationships that also capture pathogen population shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus Canal Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus Canal Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Usman Hameed
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus Canal Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hans Werner Herrmann
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nomatter Chingandu
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Muhammad Tariq Manzoor
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus Canal Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Haider
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus Canal Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E South Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
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Fiallo-Olivé E, Navas-Castillo J. The Role of Extensive Recombination in the Evolution of Geminiviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 439:139-166. [PMID: 36592245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutation, recombination and pseudo-recombination are the major forces driving the evolution of viruses by the generation of variants upon which natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow can act to shape the genetic structure of viral populations. Recombination between related virus genomes co-infecting the same cell usually occurs via template swapping during the replication process and produces a chimeric genome. The family Geminiviridae shows the highest evolutionary success among plant virus families, and the common presence of recombination signatures in their genomes reveals a key role in their evolution. This review describes the general characteristics of members of the family Geminiviridae and associated DNA satellites, as well as the extensive occurrence of recombination at all taxonomic levels, from strain to family. The review also presents an overview of the recombination patterns observed in nature that provide some clues regarding the mechanisms involved in the generation and emergence of recombinant genomes. Moreover, the results of experimental evolution studies that support some of the conclusions obtained in descriptive or in silico works are summarized. Finally, the review uses a number of case studies to illustrate those recombination events with evolutionary and pathological implications as well as recombination events in which DNA satellites are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
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Saleem M, Hussain D, Hasan MU, Sagheer M, Ghouse G, Zubair M, Brown J, Cheema SA. Differential insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) field populations in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12010. [PMID: 36544822 PMCID: PMC9761603 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) has a propensity for developing high-level resistance to insecticides. Management of B. tabaci in cotton grown in Pakistan depends on insecticide use, resistance monitoring has become essential to minimize the development of resistance. In this study, resistance was monitored in adult whiteflies collected from cotton fields in the Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Lodhran, Multan, and Vehari districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan during 2017, 2018, and 2019. Resistance monitoring was carried out for two insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen and buprofezin) four neonicotinoids acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and the historically used pyrethroid, bifenthrin and organophosphate, chlorpyrifos. Results based on resistance ratio (RR) showed that moderate to high level of resistance against noenicitinoids insecticides have been observed in all four districts while whiteflies exhibited very low to low resistance to pyriproxyfen and buprofezin. The RRs for acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid varied from 7.60 to 50.99, 19.32 to 65.72, 17.18 to 54.65 and 6.49-47.49-fold, respectively. Bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos showed very low toxicity against whiteflies in all districts except Faisalabad, with RRs of 12.28-50.56-fold and 7.94-26.24-fold, respectively. The results will facilitate 'smart' selection and guide rates of insecticide applications for whitefly management in cotton for effective whitefly management while also delaying the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dilbar Hussain
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor ul Hasan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sagheer
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Ghouse
- Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticide, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Oil Seed Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - J.K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721 USA
| | - Sikander Ali Cheema
- Oil Seed Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Farooq T, Lin Q, She X, Chen T, Tang Y, He Z. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals a network of differentially expressed genes in Asia II 7 and MEAM1 whitefly cryptic species in response to early infection of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1004513. [PMID: 36267190 PMCID: PMC9577181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a whitefly-vectored begomovirus that poses ramping threat to several economically important crops worldwide. The differential transmission of CLCuMuV by its vector Bemisia tabaci mainly relies on the type of whitefly cryptic species. However, the molecular responses among different whitefly cryptic species in response to early CLCuMuV infection remain elusive. Here, we compared early-stage transcriptomic profiles of Asia II 7 and MEAM1 cryptic species infected by CLCuMuV. Results of Illumina sequencing revealed that after 6 and 12 h of CLCuMuV acquisition, 153 and 141 genes among viruliferous (VF) Asia II 7, while 445 and 347 genes among VF MEAM 1 whiteflies were differentially expressed compared with aviruliferous (AVF) whiteflies. The most abundant groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among Asia II 7 and MEAM1 were associated with HTH-1 and zf-C2H2 classes of transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Notably, in contrast to Asia II 7, MEAM1 cryptic species displayed higher transcriptional variations with elevated immune-related responses following CLCuMuV infection. Among both cryptic species, we identified several highly responsive candidate DEGs associated with antiviral innate immunity (alpha glucosidase, LSM14-like protein B and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lysosome (GPI-anchored protein 58) and autophagy/phagosome pathways (sequestosome-1, cathepsin F-like protease), spliceosome (heat shock protein 70), detoxification (cytochrome P450 4C1), cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (myosin heavy chain), carbohydrate metabolism (alpha-glucosidase), biological transport (mitochondrial phosphate carrier) and protein absorption and digestion (cuticle protein 8). Further validation of RNA-seq results showed that 23 of 28 selected genes exhibited concordant expression both in RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Our findings provide vital mechanistic insights into begomovirus-whitefly interactions to understand the dynamics of differential begomovirus transmission by different whitefly cryptic species and reveal novel molecular targets for sustainable management of insect-transmitted plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yafei Tang
- Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifu He
- Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Qureshi MA, Lal A, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS, Vo TTB, Sanjaya GNPW, Ho PT, Nattanong B, Kil EJ, Jahan SMH, Lee KY, Tsai CW, Dao HT, Hoat TX, Aye TT, Win NK, Lee J, Kim SM, Lee S. Emergence of Asian endemic begomoviruses as a pandemic threat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970941. [PMID: 36247535 PMCID: PMC9554542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are responsible for the most devastating and commercially significant plant diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus begomovirus is the largest one in the family Geminiviridae, with a single-stranded DNA genome, either monopartite or bipartite. Begomoviruses are transmitted by insect vectors, such as Bemisia tabaci. Begomoviruses are the major causative agents of diseases in agriculture globally. Because of their diversity and mode of evolution, they are thought to be geographic specific. The emerging begomoviruses are of serious concern due to their increasing host range and geographical expansion. Several begomoviruses of Asiatic origin have been reported in Europe, causing massive economic losses; insect-borne transmission of viruses is a critical factor in virus outbreaks in new geographical regions. This review highlights crucial information regarding Asia's four emerging and highly destructive begomoviruses. We also provided information regarding several less common but still potentially important pathogens of different crops. This information will aid possible direction of future studies in adopting preventive measures to combat these emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Qureshi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Aamir Lal
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Thuy Thi Bich Vo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Phuong Thi Ho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bupi Nattanong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | | | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chi-Wei Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang Thi Dao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tin-Tin Aye
- Department of Entomology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Nang Kyu Win
- Department of Plant Pathology, Yezin Agricultural University, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Jangha Lee
- Crop Breeding Research Center, NongWoo Bio, Yeoju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Kim
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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10
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Zhao W, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Ji Y. Host GRXC6 restricts Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection by inhibiting the nuclear export of the V2 protein. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009844. [PMID: 34398921 PMCID: PMC8389846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses cause serious symptoms and devastating losses in crop plants. With a circular, single-stranded DNA genome, geminiviruses multiply their genomic DNA in the nucleus, requiring the nuclear shuttling of viral proteins and viral genomic DNAs. Many host factors, acting as proviral or antiviral factors, play key roles in geminivirus infections. Here, we report the roles of a tomato glutaredoxin (GRX), SlGRXC6, in the infection of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a single-component geminivirus. The V2 protein of TYLCV specifically and preferentially interacts with SlGRXC6 among the 55-member tomato GRX family that are broadly involved in oxidative stress responses, plant development, and pathogen responses. We show that overexpressed SlGRXC6 increases the nuclear accumulation of V2 by inhibiting its nuclear export and, in turn, inhibits trafficking of the V1 protein and viral genomic DNA. Conversely, the silenced expression of SlGRXC6 leads to an enhanced susceptibility to TYLCV. SlGRXC6 is also involved in symptom development as we observed a positive correlation where overexpression of SlGRXC6 promotes while knockdown of SlGRXC6 expression inhibits plant growth. We further showed that SlGRXC6 works with SlNTRC80, a tomato NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase, to regulate plant growth. V2 didn’t interact with SlNTRC80 but competed with SlNTR80 for binding to SlGRXC6, suggesting that the V2-disrupted SlGRXC6-SlNTRC80 interaction is partially responsible for the virus-caused symptoms. These results suggest that SlGRXC6 functions as a host restriction factor that inhibits the nuclear trafficking of viral components and point out a new way to control TYLCV infection by targeting the V2-SlGRXC6 interaction. Geminiviruses infect numerous crops, induce a wide range of symptoms, and cause tremendous crop losses annually. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a single-component geminivirus, is a causative agent leading to one of the most devastating tomato diseases in the world. As a single-stranded DNA virus, genomic replication occurs in the nucleus and therefore, the nuclear shuttling is a critical step of viral infection. The V2 protein of TYLCV is involved in symptom development and viral trafficking, among other steps, and hijacks host proteins for executing its functions. Nevertheless, host factors involved in the V2-mediated functions are not well addressed. We show that tomato GRXC6 (SlGRXC6) functions as a restriction factor of TYLCV infection by interacting with and preventing V2 from moving out of the nucleus, leading to the inhibited V2-mediated nuclear export of V1 and the V1-viral DNA complex. SlGRXC6 also contributes to symptom development via its interaction with SINTRC80. V2 sequesters SlGRXC6 from forming the SlGRXC6-SlNTRC80 complex and regulates plant growth. Our work, therefore, identified a new host partner of V2 and revealed the mechanisms whereby V2 functions as a pathogenicity determinant and can be targeted for virus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW); (YJ)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW); (YJ)
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW); (YJ)
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11
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Lavanya R, Arun V. Detection of Begomovirus in chilli and tomato plants using functionalized gold nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14203. [PMID: 34244585 PMCID: PMC8271019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses are a major class of Geminiviruses that affects most dicotyledonous plants and causes heavy economic losses to farmers. Early detection of begomovirus is essential to control the spread of the disease and prevent loss. Many available detection methods like ELISA, immunosorbent electron microscopy, PCR or qPCR require expertise in handling sophisticated instruments, complex data interpretation and costlier chemicals, enzymes or antibodies. Hence there is a need for a simpler detection method, here we report the development of a visual detection method based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP assay). The assay was able to detect up to 500 ag/µl of begomoviral DNA (pTZCCPp3, a clone carrying partial coat protein gene) suspended in MilliQ water. Screening of chilli plants for begomoviral infection by PCR (Deng primers) and AuNP assay showed that AuNP assay (77.7%) was better than PCR (49.4%). The AuNP assay with clccpi1 probe was able to detect begomoviral infection in chilli, tomato, common bean, green gram and black gram plants which proved the utility and versatility of the AuNP assay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by testing with total DNA from different plants that are not affected by begomoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lavanya
- grid.412734.70000 0001 1863 5125Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Arun
- grid.412734.70000 0001 1863 5125Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Rafiq A, Ali WR, Asif M, Ahmed N, Khan WS, Mansoor S, Bajwa SZ, Amin I. Development of a LAMP assay using a portable device for the real-time detection of cotton leaf curl disease in field conditions. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 6:bpab010. [PMID: 34084942 PMCID: PMC8164779 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton production is seriously affected by the prevalent cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) that originated from Nigeria (Africa) to various parts of Asia including Pakistan, India, China and Philippines. Due to CLCuD, Pakistan suffers heavy losses approximately 2 billion USD per annum. Numerous reports showed that CLCuD is associated with multiple species of begomoviruses, alphasatellites and a single species of betasatellite, that is ‘Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite’ (CLCuMuB). The most prevalent form of CLCuD is the combination of ‘Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus’-Burewala strain (CLCuKoV-Bur) and CLCuMuB. Thus, the availability of an in-field assay for the timely detection of CLCuD is important for the control and management of the disease. In this study, a robust method using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of CLCuD. Multiple sets of six primers were designed based on the conserved regions of CLCuKoV-Bur and CLCuMuB-βC1 genes. The results showed that the primer set targeting the CLCuMuB-βC1 gene performed best when the LAMP assay was performed at 58°C using 100 ng of total plant tissue DNA as a template in a 25 µl reaction volume. The limit of detection for the assay was as low as 22 copies of total purified DNA template per reaction. This assay was further adapted to perform as a colorimetric and real-time LAMP assay which proved to be advantageously applied for the rapid and early point-of-care detection of CLCuD in the field. Application of the assay could help to prevent the huge economic losses caused by the disease and contribute to the socio-economic development of underdeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Rafiq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Rafique Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar Bajwa
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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13
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Iqbal Z, Sattar MN, Khurshid M. Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite as a Tool to Study the Localization of Geminiviruses in Plants. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Badar U, Venkataraman S, AbouHaidar M, Hefferon K. Molecular interactions of plant viral satellites. Virus Genes 2020; 57:1-22. [PMID: 33226576 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant viral satellites fall under the category of subviral agents. Their genomes are composed of small RNA or DNA molecules a few hundred nucleotides in length and contain an assortment of highly complex and overlapping functions. Each lacks the ability to either replicate or undergo encapsidation or both in the absence of a helper virus (HV). As the number of known satellites increases steadily, our knowledge regarding their sequence conservation strategies, means of replication and specific interactions with host and helper viruses is improving. This review demonstrates that the molecular interactions of these satellites are unique and highly complex, largely influenced by the highly specific host plants and helper viruses that they associate with. Circularized forms of single-stranded RNA are of particular interest, as they have recently been found to play a variety of novel cellular functions. Linear forms of satRNA are also of great significance as they may complement the helper virus genome in exacerbating symptoms, or in certain instances, actively compete against it, thus reducing symptom severity. This review serves to describe the current literature with respect to these molecular mechanisms in detail as well as to discuss recent insights into this emerging field in terms of evolution, classification and symptom development. The review concludes with a discussion of future steps in plant viral satellite research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Badar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mounir AbouHaidar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Khan A, Khan D, Akbar F. Bibliometric analysis of publications on research into cotton leaf curl disease. Discoveries (Craiova) 2020; 8:e109. [PMID: 32577497 PMCID: PMC7305810 DOI: 10.15190/d.2020.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by viruses of the family Geminiviridae (genus Begomovirus), is of great concern for cotton production worldwide. The aim of the study was to characterize and quantify the worldwide scientific output of CLCuD research using bibliometric analysis. PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus search engines were used to extract available data from 1901 to July 2017. A total of 854 CLCuD-related published documents were identified. Most of the documents were published in the form of original research articles (644, 75.4 %) and English was the main language of publication (807, 94 %). The results demonstrate that the study of CLCuD exhibits an overall increasing trend from 1991 to 2017, with the highest number of articles published in 2013. The top 10 countries in terms of absolute research output (number of publications) on this subject were Pakistan (217; 25.40%), India (161; 18.85%), the United States of America (USA; 122; 14.85%), China (85; 9.95%), United Kingdom (57; 6.67%), Sudan (31; 3.62%), Israel (14; 1.63%), Spain (13; 1.52%), Australia (11; 1.28%), Saudi Arabia (9; 1.05%) and Iran (9; 1.05%). Pakistan’s most important collaborator was United States of America, followed by China. Noteworthy, not one of the papers listed here was the result of scientific collaboration between India and Pakistan. The total number of citations for all the publications was 3174, with an average of 3.71 citations per publication. The h-index for all extracted data related to CLCuD was 91. The top h-index was achieved by Pakistan (54) followed by the United Kingdom (43), the USA (41) and India (39). The National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, ranked the first in the top 10 list of the most productive institutes. This bibliometric analysis highlights the leading role of Pakistan, India and the USA in research on CLCuD and points out that the initiation of a collaboration between Pakistan and India may have a significant impact on the research output and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyaz Khan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Darya Khan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan
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16
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Codiaeum variegatum in Pakistan harbours pedilanthus leaf curl virus and papaya leaf curl virus as well as a newly identified betasatellite. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1877-1881. [PMID: 32447620 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Codiaeum variegatum (common name, garden croton) is an ornamental plant grown for its bright yellow variegated leaf morphology. Two C. variegatum plants with upward leaf curling and vein swelling symptoms were collected in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sequencing of clones obtained by PCR amplification with specific primers showed one plant infected with the monopartite begomoviruses pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) and papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) and the other to be infected with only PeLCV. Both plants also harboured a betasatellite that was distinct from all previously identified betasatellites, for which the name "codiaeum leaf curl betasatellite" (CoLCuB) is proposed. This is the first identification of a begomovirus and an associated betasatellite infecting C. variegatum in Pakistan. Both PeLCV and PaLCuV cause problems in a number of crop plants, and C. variegatum may act as a reservoir for these agriculturally important viruses. The precise impact and geographical distribution of the newly identified CoLCuB will be investigated.
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17
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Huang CH, Tai CH, Sharma N, Chao CH, Chang CJ, Jan FJ. Characterization of a New Monopartite Begomovirus with a Betasatellite Associated with Leaf Curl, Yellow Vein, and Vein Enation in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1318-1327. [PMID: 32181724 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1223-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new begomovirus, tentatively named hibiscus yellow vein leaf curl virus (HYVLCV), was identified in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants showing symptoms of leaf curl, yellow vein, and vein enation on the undersides of the leaf in Taiwan. Sequence analysis of the full-length HYVLCV genome from the rolling cycle amplicon revealed a genome of 2,740 nucleotides that contains six open reading frames and a conserved sequence (5'-TAATATTAC-3') commonly found in geminiviral genomes. HYVLCV shares the highest nucleotide identity (88.8%) with cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) genome, which is lower than the criteria (91%) set for species demarcation in the genus Begomovirus. No begomoviral DNA-B was detected; however, a begomovirus-associated DNA betasatellite (DNA-β) was detected. The DNA-β (1,355 nucleotides) shares the highest nucleotide identity (78.6%) with malvastrum yellow vein betasatellite (MaYVB). Because the identity is slightly higher than the criteria (78%) set for the species demarcation threshold for a distinct DNA-β species, the DNA-β of HYVLCV reported in this study is considered the same species of MaYVB and tentatively named MaYVB-Hib. An expected 1,498-bp fragment was amplified with two HYVLCV-specific primers from 10 of 11 field-collected samples. Four independent amplicons were sequenced, revealing 100% nucleotide identity with the HYVLCV genome. Agroinoculation of a dimer of the infectious monopartite genome alone to Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in mild symptoms at 28 days postinoculation (dpi); coagroinoculation with the DNA-β satellite resulted in severe symptoms at 12 dpi. HYVLCV could be transmitted to healthy H. rosa-sinensis by grafting, resulting in yellow vein symptoms at 30 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsing Tai
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Nabin Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chao
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Taichung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Changhua 51544, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jan Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, U.S.A
| | - Fuh-Jyh Jan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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18
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Zaidi SS, Naqvi RZ, Asif M, Strickler S, Shakir S, Shafiq M, Khan AM, Amin I, Mishra B, Mukhtar MS, Scheffler BE, Scheffler JA, Mueller LA, Mansoor S. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease resistance in cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:691-706. [PMID: 31448544 PMCID: PMC7004920 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fibre crop in the world. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major limiting factor and a threat to textile industry in India and Pakistan. All the local cotton cultivars exhibit moderate to no resistance against CLCuD. In this study, we evaluated an exotic cotton accession Mac7 as a resistance source to CLCuD by challenging it with viruliferous whiteflies and performing qPCR to evaluate the presence/absence and relative titre of CLCuD-associated geminiviruses/betasatellites. The results indicated that replication of pathogenicity determinant betasatellite is significantly attenuated in Mac7 and probably responsible for resistance phenotype. Afterwards, to decipher the genetic basis of CLCuD resistance in Mac7, we performed RNA sequencing on CLCuD-infested Mac7 and validated RNA-Seq data with qPCR on 24 independent genes. We performed co-expression network and pathway analysis for regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite-interacting genes. We identified nine novel modules with 52 hubs of highly connected genes in network topology within the co-expression network. Analysis of these hubs indicated the differential regulation of auxin stimulus and cellular localization pathways in response to CLCuD. We also analysed the differential regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite-interacting genes in Mac7. We further performed the functional validation of selected candidate genes via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Finally, we evaluated the genomic context of resistance responsive genes and found that these genes are not specific to A or D sub-genomes of G. hirsutum. These results have important implications in understanding CLCuD resistance mechanism and developing a durable resistance in cultivated cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shan‐e‐Ali Zaidi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Genetics LabTERRA Teaching and Research CenterGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Sara Shakir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Genetics LabTERRA Teaching and Research CenterGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Present address:
Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of OkaraOkaraPakistan
| | - Abdul Manan Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Brian E. Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)StonevilleMSUSA
| | - Jodi A. Scheffler
- Crop Genetics Research UnitUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)StonevilleMSUSA
| | | | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
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19
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Chen T, Saeed Q, He Z, Lu L. Transmission efficiency of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus by three cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci complex in cotton cultivars. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7788. [PMID: 31592168 PMCID: PMC6777476 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a serious and economically important viral disease agent in cotton and ornamental plants like Hibiscus in many regions of the world, especially in South Asia. CLCuMuV is transmitted exclusively by Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex. This virus was recently recorded in southern China, presumably an invasion from South Asia. This study was performed to estimate the efficiency of three species of the B. tabaci whitefly complex (tentatively named as MEAM1, MED and Asia II 7, respectively) to transmit CLCuMuV and Cotton leaf curl multan virus betasatelite (CLCuMuB). Transmission assays and real-time quantitative PCR were conducted using three cultivars of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, including 112-2, Xinhai-21 and Zhongmian-40. The results indicated that Asia II 7 was able to transmit the virus to two of the cotton cultivars, i.e. 112-2 and Xinhai-21, with the highest transmission efficiencies of 40% and 30%, respectively, but was unable to transmit the virus to the cotton cultivar Zhongmian-40. MEAM1 and MED failed to transmit CLCuMuV and CLCuMuB to any of the three cotton cultivars. After the three cryptic species of whiteflies had fed on virus-infected cotton plants for 48 h, the relative quantity of CLCuMuV in Asia II 7 was detected to be significantly higher than that in both MEAM1 and MED (P < 0.05). These results indicate that among the three species of whiteflies Asia II 7 is likely the most efficient vector for CLCuMuV and CLCuMuB in Malvaceae crops in China. Our findings provide valuable information to the control of viral diseases caused by CLCuMuV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qamar Saeed
- Entomology, Department of Entomology, Bahauddin, Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zifu He
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Gnanasekaran P, KishoreKumar R, Bhattacharyya D, Vinoth Kumar R, Chakraborty S. Multifaceted role of geminivirus associated betasatellite in pathogenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1019-1033. [PMID: 31210029 PMCID: PMC6589721 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses have emerged as a group of plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases in a wide range of crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Betasatellites, the circular single-stranded DNA molecules with the size of almost half of that of the associated helper begomoviruses, are often essential for the production of typical disease symptoms in several virus-host systems. Association of betasatellites with begomoviruses results in more severe symptoms in the plants and affects the yield of numerous crops leading to huge agroeconomic losses. βC1, the only protein encoded by betasatellites, plays a multifaceted role in the successful establishment of infection. This protein counteracts the innate defence mechanisms of the host, like RNA silencing, ubiquitin-proteasome system and defence responsive hormones. In the last two decades, the molecular aspect of betasatellite pathogenesis has attracted much attention from the researchers worldwide, and reports have shown that βC1 protein aggravates the helper begomovirus disease complex by modulating specific host factors. This review discusses the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of betasatellites, including various βC1-host factor interactions and their effects on the suppression of defence responses of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Reddy KishoreKumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - R. Vinoth Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110 067India
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Non-cultivated Cotton Species ( Gossypium spp.) Act as a Reservoir for Cotton Leaf Curl Begomoviruses and Associated Satellites. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8050127. [PMID: 31091727 PMCID: PMC6571856 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A collection of cultivated and non-cultivated species of cotton (Gossypium spp.) has been maintained for the last four decades in Multan, Pakistan. This geographical location has been observed as a hotspot for the evolution of begomoviruses and satellites associated with cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). Recent studies showed that begomoviruses responsible for the CLCuD epidemic in the 1990s, and that almost disappeared from the CLCuD complex in 2000s, have been observed again in CLCuD-infected cotton fields. To identify host species that acted as probable reservoirs for these viruses, we characterized begomoviruses and satellites in non-cultivated cotton species G. raimondii, G. thurberi and G. mustelinum and identified several species of CLCuD associated begomoviruses and satellites. Further, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified begomoviruses and beta/alphasatellites are closely related to the ones associated with the most recent CLCuD complex. qPCR indicated that the comparative level of virus significantly decreased in the presence of alphasatellites. Our results indicated that non-cultivated cotton species have been continuously challenged by diverse begomoviruses and associated satellites and act as reservoirs for CLCuD associated begomoviruses. These results provide novel insights into understanding the spread of begomoviruses and associated satellites in New World cotton species introduced into the Old World.
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Xu X, Qian Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhou X. Iterons Homologous to Helper Geminiviruses Are Essential for Efficient Replication of Betasatellites. J Virol 2019; 93:e01532-18. [PMID: 30541843 PMCID: PMC6384059 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01532-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Betasatellites associated with geminiviruses can be replicated promiscuously by distinct geminiviruses but exhibit a preference for cognate helper viruses. However, the cis elements responsible for betasatellite origin recognition have not been characterized. In this study, we identified an iteron-like repeated sequence motif, 5'-GAGGACC-3', in a tobacco curly shoot betasatellite (TbCSB) associated with tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV). Competitive DNA binding assays revealed that two core repeats (5'-GGACC-3') are required for specific binding to TbCSV Rep; TbCSB iteron mutants accumulated to greatly reduced levels and lost the cognate helper-mediated replication preference. Interestingly, TbCSV also contains identical repeated sequences that are essential for specific Rep binding and in vivo replication. In order to gain insight into the mechanism by which TbCSB has acquired the cognate iterons, we performed a SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) assay to identify the high-affinity Rep binding ligands from a large pool of randomized sequences. Analysis of SELEX winners showed that all of the sequences contained at least one core iteron-like motif, suggesting that TbCSB has evolved to contain cognate iterons for high-affinity Rep binding. Further analyses of various betasatellite sequences revealed a region upstream of the satellite conserved region replete with iterative sequence motifs, including species-specific repeats and a general repeat (5'-GGTAAAT-3'). Remarkably, the species-specific repeats in many betasatellites are homologous to those in their respective cognate helper begomoviruses, whereas the general repeat is widespread in most of the betasatellite molecules analyzed. These data, taken together, suggest that many betasatellites have evolved to acquire homologous iteron-like sequences for efficient replication mediated by cognate helper viruses.IMPORTANCE The geminivirus-encoded replication initiator protein (Rep) binds to repeated sequence elements (also known as iterons) in the origin of replication that serve as essential cis elements for specific viral replication. Betasatellites associated with begomoviruses can be replicated by cognate or noncognate helper viruses, but the cis elements responsible for betasatellite origin recognition have not been characterized. Using a betasatellite (TbCSB) associated with tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) as a model, we identify two tandem repeats (iterons) in the Rep-binding motif (RBM) that are required for specific Rep binding and efficient replication, and we show that identical iteron sequences present in TbCSV are also necessary for Rep binding and the replication of helper viruses. Extensive analysis of begomovirus/betasatellite sequences shows that many betasatellites contain iteron-like elements homologous to those of their respective cognate helper begomoviruses. Our data suggest that many betasatellites have evolved to acquire homologous iteron-like sequences for efficient replication mediated by cognate helper viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mubin M, Briddon RW, Mansoor S. The V2 protein encoded by a monopartite begomovirus is a suppressor of both post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing activity. Gene 2019; 686:43-48. [PMID: 30399424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) is a begomovirus (genus Begomovirus; family Geminiviridae) with a monopartite genome that is usually associated with beta- and alphasatellites in plants. Geminiviruses are DNA viruses with small circular genomes that occur as minichromosomes in the nucleus and are susceptible to post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Transient expression of the PaLCuV V2 (PV2) protein together with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in enhanced levels of GFP fluorescence and GFP mRNA, indicative of suppression of PTGS. Expression of PV2 from a Potato virus X vector restored GFP expression in N. benthamiana plants harbouring a transcriptionally silenced GFP transgene, indicative of suppression of TGS. The results show that the PV2 protein encoded by PaLCuV has both suppressor of PTGS and TGS activity and is an important factor in overcoming host RNA-silencing based defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Venkataravanappa V, Reddy CNL, Shankarappa KS, Reddy MK. Association of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus, Betasatellite, and Alphasatellite with Mosaic Disease of Spine Gourd ( Momordica dioica Roxb. Willd) in India. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e2134. [PMID: 31457044 PMCID: PMC6697862 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb. Willd) is one of the important cucurbitaceous crops grown across the world for vegetable and medicinal purposes. Diseases caused by the DNA viruses are becoming the limiting factors for the production of spine gourd reducing its potential yield. For the commercial cultivation of the spine gourd, propagation material used by most of the growers is tuberous roots and stem cuttings, which in turn results in an increased occurrence of the mosaic disease. There is a need for understanding the causal agent; through characterization of which will lead to the designing management strategies for the spine gourd mosaic disease control. Objectives Characterization of a begomovirus and its satellites associated with mosaic disease on spine gourd. Materials and Methods Total DNA was extracted from spine gourd samples exhibiting symptoms typical to the begomoviruses infection (mosaic mottling, leaf curl) and was tested by PCR using begomovirus specific primers. Furthermore, the complete genome of begomo viruses (DNA A, DNA B, alpha satellite, and beta satellite) was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) method. Results The full-length sequences of DNA A, DNA B, alpha satellite, and beta satellite isolated from symptomatic spine gourd were determined. The full length genomes (DNA A and DNA B) of the Tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) infecting spine gourd were compared with the other begomovirus genomes available in the data base. The sequence analysis has revealed that DNA A and DNA B components of the begomovirus infecting spine gourd share 95.4-96.2 and 86.7-91.2% identical sequence (i.e., nucleotide (nt) identity) with that of ToLCNDV infecting potato and cucurbits in the Indian subcontinent isolates reported earlier (available in GenBank), respectively. Further, alpha satellite and beta satellite were also detected in the begomovirus infected spine gourd samples. The recombination analysis of the DNA A, DNA B, beta satellite, and alpha satellite of the begomovirus infecting spine gourd showed the associated begomovirus and satellite DNAs were driven from the different begomoviruses, leading to emergence as a new variant of the begomovirus infecting spine gourd. Conclusions The commercial cultivation of the spine gourd by most growers depends on the tuberous roots and stem cutting. The occurrence of begomovirus in spine gourd gives an alarming signal against utilization of such infected plant materials in the crop breeding and improvement programs. Using the clean virus-free vegetative propagation material is considered as one of the most important methods for controlling viral diseases. The study is highly useful for detection of the begomovirus infecting spine gourd in the detection of the virus infection in the clonally propagated planting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CHES), Chettalli, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Masood M, Briddon RW. Transmission of cotton leaf curl disease: answer to a long-standing question. Virus Genes 2018; 54:743-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Masood M, Amin I, Hassan I, Mansoor S, Brown JK, Briddon RW. Diversity and Distribution of Cryptic Species of the Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) complex in Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2295-2300. [PMID: 29029216 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius; Hempitera: Aleyrodidae) is considered to be a cryptic (sibling) species complex, the members of which exhibit morphological invariability while being genetically and behaviorally distinct. Members of the complex are agricultural pests that cause direct damage by feeding on plants, and indirectly by transmitting viruses that cause diseases leading to reduced crop yield and quality. In Pakistan, cotton leaf curl disease, caused by multiple begomovirus species, is the most economically important viral disease of cotton. In the study outlined here, the diversity and geographic distribution of B. tabaci cryptic species was investigated by analyzing a taxonomically informative fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (mtCOI-3'). The mtCOI-3' sequence was determined for 285 adult whiteflies and found to represent six cryptic species, the most numerous being Asia II-1 and Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM-1), the later also referred to as the B-biotype, which was previously thought to be confined to Sindh province but herein, was also found to be present in the Punjab province. The endemic Asia I was restricted to Sindh province, while an individual in the Asia II-8 was identified in Pakistan for the first time. Also for the first time, samples were collected from northwestern Pakistan and Asia II-1 was identified. Results indicate that in Pakistan the overall diversity of B. tabaci cryptic species is high and, based on comparisons with findings from previous studies, the distribution is dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam Masood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Hassan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan
| | | | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan
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Akmal M, Baig MS, Khan JA. Suppression of cotton leaf curl disease symptoms in Gossypium hirsutum through over expression of host-encoded miRNAs. J Biotechnol 2017; 263:21-29. [PMID: 29017848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), a major factor resulting in the enormous yield losses in cotton crop, is caused by a distinct monopartite begomovirus in association with Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Micro(mi)RNAs are known to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes, including antiviral defense in plants. In a previous study, we had computationally identified a set of cotton miRNAs, which were shown to have potential targets in the genomes of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) and CLCuMB at multiple loci. In the current study, effect of Gossypium arboreum-encoded miRNAs on the genome of CLCuMuV and CLCuMB was investigated in planta. Two computationally predicted cotton-encoded miRNAs (miR398 and miR2950) that showed potential to bind multiple Open Reading Frames (ORFs; C1, C4, V1, and non- coding intergenic region) of CLCuMuV, and (βC1) of CLCuMB were selected. Functional validation of miR398 and miR2950 was done by overexpression approach in G. hirsutum var. HS6. A total of ten in vitro cotton plants were generated from independent events and subjected to biological and molecular analyses. Presence of the respective Precursor (pre)-miRNA was confirmed through PCR and Southern blotting, and their expression level was assessed by semi quantitative RT-PCR, Real Time quantitative PCR and northern hybridization in the PCR-positive lines. Southern hybridization revealed 2-4 copy integration of T-DNA in the genome of the transformed lines. Remarkably, expression of pre-miRNAs was shown up to 5.8-fold higher in the transgenic (T0) lines as revealed by Real Time PCR. The virus resistance was monitored following inoculation of the transgenic cotton lines with viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) insect vector. After inoculation, four of the transgenic lines remained apparently symptom free. While a very low titre of viral DNA could be detected by Rolling circle amplification, betasatellite responsible for symptom induction could not be detected in any of the healthy looking transgenic lines. In this study for the first time, efficacy of the host (G. arboreum)-encoded miRNAs against CLCuD symptoms was experimentally demonstrated through overexpression of miR398 and miR2950 in G. hirsutum var. HS6 plants. Computational prediction of miRNAs targeting virus genome and their subsequent implication in translational inhibition or cleavage based suppression of viral mRNA via overexpression could help in generating virus resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akmal
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jawaid A Khan
- Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Zubair M, Zaidi SSEA, Shakir S, Amin I, Mansoor S. An Insight into Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite, the Most Important Component of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Complex. Viruses 2017; 9:E280. [PMID: 28961220 PMCID: PMC5691632 DOI: 10.3390/v9100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is one of the most economically important diseases and is a constraint to cotton production in major producers, Pakistan and India. CLCuD is caused by monopartite plant viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae (genus Begomovirus), in association with an essential, disease-specific satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) belonging to a newly-established family Tolecusatellitidae (genus Betasatellite). CLCuMuB has a small genome (ca. 1350 nt) with a satellite conserved region, an adenine-rich region and a single gene that encodes for a multifunctional βC1 protein. CLCuMuB βC1 protein has a major role in pathogenicity and symptom determination, and alters several host cellular functions like autophagy, ubiquitination, and suppression of gene silencing, to assist CLCuD infectivity. Efficient trans-replication ability of CLCuMuB with several monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses, is also associated with the rapid evolution and spread of CLCuMuB. In this article we comprehensively reviewed the role of CLCuMuB in CLCuD, focusing on the βC1 functions and its interactions with host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Shan-E-Ali Zaidi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan.
- AgroBioChem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Sara Shakir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Hassan I, Amin I, Mansoor S, Briddon RW. Further changes in the cotton leaf curl disease complex: an indication of things to come? Virus Genes 2017; 53:759-761. [PMID: 28721488 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) has been a problem for cotton production in Pakistan and India since the early 1990s. The disease is caused by begomoviruses associated with a specific satellite, the cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). In 2001, resistance introduced into cotton was broken by a recombinant begomovirus, Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus strain Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bur). Unusually, in resistant cotton, this virus lacked an intact transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) gene, with the capacity to encode only 35 of the usual ~134 amino acids. Recently, isolates of CLCuKoV-Bur with a longer, but still truncated, TrAP gene have been identified in cotton breeding lines lacking the earlier resistance. This suggests that more pathogenic viruses with a full TrAP could return to cotton if the earlier resistance is not maintained in ongoing breeding efforts to produce CLCuD-resistant cotton varieties. This conclusion is supported by recent studies showing the reappearance of pre-resistance-breaking begomoviruses, with full-length TrAP genes, in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Hassan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Brown JK, Ur-Rehman MZ, Avelar S, Chingandu N, Hameed U, Haider S, Ilyas M. Molecular diagnostic development for begomovirus-betasatellite complexes undergoing diversification: A case study. Virus Res 2017; 241:29-41. [PMID: 28438632 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At least five begomoviral species that cause leaf curl disease of cotton have emerged recently in Asia and Africa, reducing fiber quality and yield. The potential for the spread of these viruses to other cotton-vegetable growing regions throughout the world is extensive, owing to routine, global transport of alternative hosts of the leaf curl viruses, especially ornamentals. The research reported here describes the design and validation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers undertaken to facilitate molecular detection of the two most-prevalent leaf curl-associated begomovirus-betasatellite complexes in the Indian Subcontinent and Africa, the Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain and Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus, endemic to Asia and Africa, respectively. Ongoing genomic diversification of these begomoviral-satellite complexes was evident based on nucleotide sequence alignments, and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, both factors that created new challenges for primer design. The additional requirement for species and strain-specific, and betasatellite-specific primer design, imposes further constraints on primer design and validation due to the large number of related species and strains extant in 'core leaf curl virus complex', now with expanded distribution in south Asia, the Pacific region, and Africa-Arabian Peninsula that have relatively highly conserved coding and non-coding regions, which precludes much of the genome-betasatellite sequence when selecting primer 'targets'. Here, PCR primers were successfully designed and validated for detection of cloned viral genomes and betasatellites for representative 'core leaf curl' strains and species, distant relatives, and total DNA isolated from selected plant species. The application of molecular diagnostics to screen plant imports prior to export or release from ports of entry is expected to greatly reduce the likelihood of exotic leaf curl virus introductions that could dramatically affect the production of cotton as well as vegetable and ornamental crop hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | | | - Sofia Avelar
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - N Chingandu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Usman Hameed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Haider
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Sattar MN, Iqbal Z, Tahir MN, Ullah S. The Prediction of a New CLCuD Epidemic in the Old World. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:631. [PMID: 28469604 PMCID: PMC5395620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), the most complex disease of cotton, is a major limiting biotic factor to worldwide cotton productivity. Several whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomoviruses causing CLCuD have been characterized and designated as CLCuD-associated begomoviruses. Despite of being reported over 100 years ago in Africa, CLCuD became economically pandemic causing massive losses to cotton production in Pakistan and India during past couple of decades. In Asia, cotton has faced two major epidemics during this period viz. "Multan epidemic" and "Burewala epidemic." The "Multan epidemic" era was 1988-1999 after which the virus remained calm until 2002 when "Burewala epidemic" broke into the cotton fields in Indo-Pak subcontinent, till 2013-2014. However, both the epidemics were caused by monopartite begomovirus complex. Similarly in Africa, Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus with associated DNA-satellites causes CLCuD. Quite recently, in the Old World (both Asia and Africa), bipartite begomoviruses have started appearing in the areas under cotton cultivation. Under such aggravated circumstances, it seems we are heading toward another epidemic of CLCuD in the Old World. Here we articulate the causes and potential emergence of the third epidemic of CLCuD in Asia. The current situation of CLCuD in Asia and Africa is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N. Sattar
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal UniversityAl-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Akhuwat-Faisalabad Institute of Research, Science and TechnologyFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- University College of Agriculture, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
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32
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Abdel-Sala AM, Mujaddad-U M, El-Saghir SM. Genetic Diversity, Natural Host Range and Molecular Pathogenesis of Begomovirus-associated Betasatellites in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijv.2017.29.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Rasool G, Yousaf S, Akram A, Mansoor S, Briddon RW, Saeed M. G5, a Phage Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein, Fused with a Nuclear Localization Signal, Attenuates Symptoms and Reduces Begomovirus-Betasatellite Accumulation in Transgenic Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:595-602. [PMID: 27364491 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease is caused by several monopartite begomoviruses and is the major threat to cotton production in the Indian subcontinent. The disease has been shown to be associated with four distinct species, including Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV), and a specific betasatellite-Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants were produced which constitutively express the Escherichia coli phage M13 encoded, sequence nonspecific single-stranded (ss) DNA-binding protein, G5 alone and fused with the maize opaque-2 nuclear localization signal (NLS), to evaluate resistance against CLCuKoV-CLCuMuB. Transgenic plants expressing only G5 performed poorly exhibiting symptoms of infection and high virus DNA levels upon inoculation with CLCuKoV and CLCuKoV with CLCuMuB. In contrast, plants transformed with G5 fused to the NLS developed mild symptoms and showed a reduction in virus and betasatellite DNA levels in comparison to nontransformed plants. The results show that G5 may be useful in developing broad-spectrum resistance against ssDNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Yousaf
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Akram
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, P O Box # 128, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Ali Z, Ali S, Tashkandi M, Zaidi SSEA, Mahfouz MM. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Immunity to Geminiviruses: Differential Interference and Evasion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26912. [PMID: 27225592 PMCID: PMC4881029 DOI: 10.1038/srep26912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to confer molecular immunity against several eukaryotic viruses, including plant DNA geminiviruses. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the efficiencies of targeting different coding and non-coding sequences in the genomes of multiple geminiviruses. Moreover, we analyze the ability of geminiviruses to evade the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery can efficiently target coding and non-coding sequences and interfere with various geminiviruses. Furthermore, targeting the coding sequences of different geminiviruses resulted in the generation of viral variants capable of replication and systemic movement. By contrast, targeting the noncoding intergenic region sequences of geminiviruses resulted in interference, but with inefficient recovery of mutated viral variants, which thus limited the generation of variants capable of replication and movement. Taken together, our results indicate that targeting noncoding, intergenic sequences provides viral interference activity and significantly limits the generation of viral variants capable of replication and systemic infection, which is essential for developing durable resistance strategies for long-term virus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakila Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Tashkandi
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy M. Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zaidi SSEA, Shafiq M, Amin I, Scheffler BE, Scheffler JA, Briddon RW, Mansoor S. Frequent Occurrence of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Affected Cotton in Pakistan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155520. [PMID: 27213535 PMCID: PMC4877078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major biotic constraint to cotton production on the Indian subcontinent, and is caused by monopartite begomoviruses accompanied by a specific DNA satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Since the breakdown of resistance against CLCuD in 2001/2002, only one virus, the "Burewala" strain of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV-Bur), and a recombinant form of CLCuMB have consistently been identified in cotton across the major cotton growing areas of Pakistan. Unusually a bipartite isolate of the begomovirus Tomato leaf curl virus was identified in CLCuD-affected cotton recently. In the study described here we isolated the bipartite begomovirus Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) from CLCuD-affected cotton. To assess the frequency and geographic occurrence of ToLCNDV in cotton, CLCuD-symptomatic cotton plants were collected from across the Punjab and Sindh provinces between 2013 and 2015. Analysis of the plants by diagnostic PCR showed the presence of CLCuKoV-Bur in all 31 plants examined and ToLCNDV in 20 of the samples. Additionally, a quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the levels of the two viruses in co-infected plants suggests that coinfection of ToLCNDV with the CLCuKoV-Bur/CLCuMB complex leads to an increase in the levels of CLCuMB, which encodes the major pathogenicity (symptom) determinant of the complex. The significance of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shan-E-Ali Zaidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Brian E Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, United States of America
| | - Jodi A Scheffler
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stoneville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Akbar F, Iqbal Z, Briddon RW, Vazquez F, Saeed M. The 35-amino acid C2 protein of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus, Burewala, implicated in resistance breaking in cotton, retains some activities of the full-length protein. Virus Genes 2016; 52:688-97. [PMID: 27209537 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With one exception, all the begomoviruses characterized so far encode an ~134-amino acid (aa) (A)C2 protein. The exception is the "Burewala" strain of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV-Bu), associated with resistance breaking in cotton across Pakistan and northwestern India, that encodes a truncated 35-aa C2. The C2 protein encoded by begomoviruses performs multiple functions including suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), modulating microRNA (miRNA) expression and may be a pathogenicity determinant. The study described here was designed to investigate whether the CLCuKoV-Bu 35-aa C2 retains the activities of the full-length C2 protein. The results showed the 35-aa C2 of CLCuKoV-Bu acts as a pathogenicity determinant, suppresses PTGS and upregulates miRNA expression when expressed from a Potato virus X vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. The symptoms induced by expression of full-length C2 were more severe than those induced by the 35-aa C2. The accumulation of most developmental miRNAs decreases with the full-length C2 protein and increases with the 35-aa peptide of CLCuKoV-Bu. The study also revealed that 35-aa peptide of CLCuKoV-Bu maintains suppressor of silencing activity at a level equal to that of full-length C2. The significance of the results with respect to virus fitness and resistance breaking is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Akbar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Botanical Institute of the University of Basel, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schnbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Franck Vazquez
- Botanical Institute of the University of Basel, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Schnbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- MDPI AG, Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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The minimal sequence essential for replication and movement of Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite DNA by a helper virus in plant cells. Virus Genes 2016; 52:679-87. [PMID: 27193570 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Betasatellites are single-stranded circular DNAs associated with a number of monopartite begomoviruses. Betasatellites rely on the helper begomoviruses for replication and movement in plant tissues and plant-to-plant transmission by vectors. Their genomes are approximately half the size of the helper viruses and consist of three main regions including the βC1 gene, an adenine-rich (A-rich) region, and the satellite conserved region (SCR). In this study, we investigated the minimal sequences required for Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) replication and movement. Mutational analysis of CLCuMB DNA genome indicated that βC1 gene and A-rich region were not required for trans-replication and movement of CLCuMB in host plants by a helper virus. Deletion of βC1 gene and a fragment (135 nt in length) upstream of this gene impaired CLCuMB replication. However, CLCuMB mutant with deletion of βC1 gene and a further 163 nucleotides replicated at a lower level as compared to the wild-type betasatellite. This suggests that there are essential elements in the fragment upstream of βC1 gene, which are required for the replication of CLCuMB rather than the size limitation of CLCuMB DNA.
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Saleem H, Nahid N, Shakir S, Ijaz S, Murtaza G, Khan AA, Mubin M, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS. Diversity, Mutation and Recombination Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Geminiviruses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151161. [PMID: 26963635 PMCID: PMC4872795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of cotton leaf curl disease in China, India and Pakistan is a recent phenomenon. Analysis of available sequence data determined that there is a substantial diversity of cotton-infecting geminiviruses in Pakistan. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that recombination between two major groups of viruses, cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) and cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV), led to the emergence of several new viruses. Recombination detection programs and phylogenetic analyses showed that CLCuMuV and CLCuKoV are highly recombinant viruses. Indeed, CLCuKoV appeared to be a major donor virus for the coat protein (CP) gene, while CLCuMuV donated the Rep gene in the majority of recombination events. Using recombination free nucleotide datasets the substitution rates for CP and Rep genes were determined. We inferred similar nucleotide substitution rates for the CLCuMuV-Rep gene (4.96X10-4) and CLCuKoV-CP gene (2.706X10-4), whereas relatively higher substitution rates were observed for CLCuMuV-CP and CLCuKoV-Rep genes. The combination of sequences with equal and relatively low substitution rates, seemed to result in the emergence of viral isolates that caused epidemics in Pakistan and India. Our findings also suggest that CLCuMuV is spreading at an alarming rate, which can potentially be a threat to cotton production in the Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Saleem
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shakir
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Ijaz
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali Khan
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
- Virology Lab, Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Zhang T, Xu X, Huang C, Qian Y, Li Z, Zhou X. A Novel DNA Motif Contributes to Selective Replication of a Geminivirus-Associated Betasatellite by a Helper Virus-Encoded Replication-Related Protein. J Virol 2016; 90:2077-89. [PMID: 26656709 PMCID: PMC4734014 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02290-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rolling-circle replication of single-stranded genomes of plant geminiviruses is initiated by sequence-specific DNA binding of the viral replication-related protein (Rep) to its cognate genome at the replication origin. Monopartite begomovirus-associated betasatellites can be trans replicated by both cognate and some noncognate helper viruses, but the molecular basis of replication promiscuity of betasatellites remains uncharacterized. Earlier studies showed that when tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) or tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) is coinoculated with both cognate and noncognate betasatellites, the cognate betasatellite dominates over the noncognate one at the late stages of infection. In this study, we constructed reciprocal chimeric betasatellites between tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite and tobacco curly shoot betasatellite and assayed their competitiveness against wild-type betasatellite when coinoculated with TYLCCNV or TbCSV onto plants. We mapped a region immediately upstream of the conserved rolling-circle cruciform structure of betasatellite origin that confers the cognate Rep-mediated replication advantage over the noncognate satellite. DNase I protection and in vitro binding assays further identified a novel sequence element termed Rep-binding motif (RBM), which specifically binds to the cognate Rep protein and to the noncognate Rep, albeit at lower affinity. Furthermore, we showed that RBM-Rep binding affinity is correlated with betasatellite replication efficiency in protoplasts. Our data suggest that although strict specificity of Rep-mediated replication does not exist, betasatellites have adapted to their cognate Reps for efficient replication during coevolution. IMPORTANCE Begomoviruses are numerous circular DNA viruses that cause devastating diseases of crops worldwide. Monopartite begomoviruses are frequently associated with betasatellites which are essential for induction of typical disease symptoms. Coexistence of two distinct betasatellites with one helper virus is rare in nature. Our previous research showed that begomoviruses can trans replicate cognate betasatellites to higher levels than noncognate ones. However, the molecular mechanisms of betasatellites selective replication remain largely unknown. We investigated the interaction between the begomovirus replication-associated protein and betasatellite DNA. We found that the replication-associated protein specifically binds to a motif in betasatellites, with higher affinity for the cognate motif than the noncognate motif. This preference for cognate motif binding determines the selective replication of betasatellites. We also demonstrated that this motif is essential for betasatellite replication. These findings shed new light on the promiscuous yet selective replication of betasatellites by helper geminiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Khan IA, Akhtar KP, Akbar F, Hassan I, Amin I, Saeed M, Mansoor S. Diversity in Betasatellites Associated with Cotton Leaf Curl Disease During Source-To-Sink Movement Through a Resistant Host. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:47-52. [PMID: 26889114 PMCID: PMC4755674 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2015.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl is devastating disease of cotton characterized by leaf curling, vein darkening and enations. The disease symptoms are induced by DNA satellite known as Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), dominant betasatellite in cotton but another betasatellite known as Chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) is also found associated with the disease. Grafting experiment was performed to determine if host plant resistance is determinant of dominant population of betasatellite in cotton (several distinct strains of CLCuMuB are associated with the disease). Infected scion of Gossypium hirsutum collected from field (the source) was grafted on G. arboreum, a diploid cotton species, resistant to the disease. A healthy scion of G. hirsutum (sink) was grafted at the top of G. arboreum to determine the movement of virus/betasatellite to upper susceptible scion of G. hirsutum. Symptoms of disease appeared in the upper scion and presence of virus/betasatellite in the upper scion was confirmed via molecular techniques, showing that virus/betasatellite was able to move to upper scion through resistant G. arboreum. However, no symptoms appeared on G. arboreum. Betasatelites were cloned and sequenced from lower scion, upper scion and G. arboreum which show that the lower scion contained both CLCuMuB and ChLCB, however only ChLCB was found in G. arboreum. The upper scion contained CLCuMuB with a deletion of 78 nucleotides (nt) in the non-coding region between A-rich sequence and βC1 gene and insertion of 27 nt in the middle of βC1 ORF. This study may help in investigating molecular basis of resistance in G. arboreum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat,
Pakistan
| | | | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat,
Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Hassan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad,
Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad,
Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad,
Pakistan
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Wang J, Tang Y, Yang Y, Ma N, Ling X, Kan J, He Z, Zhang B. Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Virus-Derived Viral Small RNAs Can Target Cotton Genes to Promote Viral Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1162. [PMID: 27540385 PMCID: PMC4972823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism in plants that targets viruses. Viral small RNAs (vsiRNAs) can be generated from viral double-stranded RNA replicative intermediates within the infected host, or from host RNA-dependent RNA polymerases activity on viral templates. The abundance and profile of vsiRNAs in viral infections have been reported previously. However, the involvement of vsiRNAs during infection of the Geminiviridae family member cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuD), which causes significant economic losses in cotton growing regions, remains largely uncharacterized. Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) associated with a betasatellite called Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) is a major constraint to cotton production in South Asia and is now established in Southern China. In this study, we obtained the profiles of vsiRNAs from CLCuMV and CLCuMB in infected upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants by deep sequencing. Our data showed that vsiRNA that were derived almost equally from sense and antisense CLCuD DNA strands accumulated preferentially as 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) small RNA population and had a cytosine bias at the 5'-terminus. Polarity distribution revealed that vsiRNAs were almost continuously present along the CLCuD genome and hotspots of sense and antisense strands were mainly distributed in the Rep proteins region of CLCuMuV and in the C1 protein of CLCuMuB. In addition, hundreds of host transcripts targeted by vsiRNAs were predicted, many of which encode transcription factors associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of selected potential vsiRNA targets showed that some targets were significantly down-regulated in CLCuD-infected cotton plants. We also verified the potential function of vsiRNA targets that may be involved in CLCuD infection by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA end (5'-RACE). Here, we provide the first report on vsiRNAs responses to CLCuD infection in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Yafei Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Na Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Xitie Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Jialiang Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baolong Zhang, Zifu He,
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Baolong Zhang, Zifu He,
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Saeed M, Briddon RW, Dalakouras A, Krczal G, Wassenegger M. Functional Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus/Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite RNA Silencing Suppressors. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:697-714. [PMID: 26512705 PMCID: PMC4690014 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In South Asia, Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically-related begomovirus species and a specific betasatellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) suppression activities of the transcriptional activator protein (TrAP), C4, V2 and βC1 proteins encoded by Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV)/CLCuMuB were assessed in Nicotiana benthamiana. A variable degree of local silencing suppression was observed for each viral protein tested, with V2 protein exhibiting the strongest suppression activity and only the C4 protein preventing the spread of systemic silencing. The CLCuKoV-encoded TrAP, C4, V2 and CLCuMuB-encoded βC1 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. TrAP was shown to bind various small and long nucleic acids including single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA and DNA molecules. C4, V2, and βC1 bound ssDNA and dsDNA with varying affinities. Transgenic expression of C4 under the constitutive 35S Cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and βC1 under a dexamethasone inducible promoter induced severe developmental abnormalities in N. benthamiana. The results indicate that homologous proteins from even quite closely related begomoviruses may differ in their suppressor activity and mechanism of action. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, PO Box 577, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, PO Box 577, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Athanasios Dalakouras
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
| | - Gabi Krczal
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
| | - Michael Wassenegger
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt D-67435, Germany.
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
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Zhang J, Dang M, Huang Q, Qian Y. Determinants of Disease Phenotype Differences Caused by Closely-Related Isolates of Begomovirus Betasatellites Inoculated with the Same Species of Helper Virus. Viruses 2015; 7:4945-59. [PMID: 26389936 PMCID: PMC4584297 DOI: 10.3390/v7092853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) is a monopartite begomovirus associated with different betasatellites. In this study, we investigate two different isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB) to determine what features of the viral genome are required for induction of characteristic phenotypic differences between closely-related betasatellite. When co-agroinoculated with TYLCCNV into Nicotiana spp. and tomato plants, TYLCCNB-Y25 induced only leaf curling on all hosts, while TYLCCNB-Y10 also induced enations, vein yellowing, and shoot distortions. Further assays showed that βC1 of TYLCCNB-Y25 differs from that of TYLCCNB-Y10 in symptom induction and transcriptional modulating. Hybrid satellites were constructed in which the βC1 gene or 200 nt partial promoter-like fragment upstream of the βC1 were exchanged. Infectivity assays showed that a TYLCCNB-Y25 hybrid with the intact TYLCCNB-Y10 βC1 gene was able to induce vein yellowing, shoot distortions, and a reduced size and number of enations. A TYLCCNB-Y10 hybrid with the intact TYLCCNB-Y25 βC1 gene produced only leaf curling. In contrast, the TYLCCNB-Y25 and TYLCCNB-Y10 hybrids with swapped partial promoter-like regions had little effect on the phenotypes induced by wild-type betasatellites. Further experiments showed that the TYLCCNB-Y25 hybrid carrying the C-terminal region of TYLCCNB-Y10 βC1 induced TYLCCNB-Y10-like symptoms. These findings indicate that the βC1 protein is the major symptom determinant and that the C-terminal region of βC1 plays an important role in symptom induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mingqing Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yajuan Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Kumar J, Gunapati S, Alok A, Lalit A, Gadre R, Sharma NC, Roy JK, Singh SP. Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus with intact or mutant transcriptional activator proteins: complexity of cotton leaf curl disease. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1219-28. [PMID: 25772572 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a serious disease of cotton on the Indian subcontinent. In the present study, three cotton leaf curl viruses, cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV), cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV), and their associated satellites, cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) and cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMA), were detected. CLCuBuV with either intact (CLCuBuV-1) or mutant (CLCuBuV-2) transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) were detected in different plants. Agroinoculation with CLCuBuV-1 or CLCuBuV-2 together with CLCuMB and CLCuMA, resulted in typical leaf curling and stunting of tobacco plants. Inoculation with CLCuKoV or an isolate of CLCuMV (CLCuMV-2), together with CLCuMB and CLCuMA, induced severe leaf curling, while the other isolate of CLCuMV (CLCuMV-1), which was recombinant in origin, showed mild leaf curling in tobacco. To investigate the effect of intact or mutant TrAP and also the recombination events, CLCuBuV-1, CLCuBuV-2, CLCuMV-1 or CLCuMV-2 together with the satellites (CLCuMA and CLCuMB) were transferred to cotton via whitefly-mediated transmission. Cotton plants containing CLCuBuV-1, CLCuBuV-2 or CLCuMV-2 together with satellites showed curling and stunting, whereas the plants having CLCuMV-1 and the satellites showed only mild and indistinguishable symptoms. CLCuBuV-1 (intact TrAP) showed severe symptoms in comparison to CLCuBuV-2 (mutant TrAP). The present study reveals that two types of CLCuBuV, one with an intact TrAP and the other with a mutant TrAP, exist in natural infection of cotton in India. Additionally, CLCuMuV-1, which has a recombinant origin, induces mild symptoms in comparison to the other CLCuMV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India,
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Saeed M, Krczal G, Wassenegger M. Three gene products of a begomovirus-betasatellite complex restore expression of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Genes 2015; 50:340-4. [PMID: 25537949 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA geminiviruses replicate via double-stranded DNA intermediates forming mini-chromosomes that are targets for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in plants. The ability of the cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV)-cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) proteins, replication-associated protein (Rep), transcriptional activator protein (TrAP), C4, V2 and βC1, to suppress TGS was investigated by using the Nicotiana benthamiana line 16-TGS (16-TGS) harbouring a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene. Inoculation of 16-TGS plants with a recombinant potato virus X vector carrying Rep, TrAP or βC1 resulted in re-expression of GFP. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the observed GFP fluorescence was associated with GFP mRNA accumulation. These results indicated that Rep, TrAP and βC1 proteins of CLCuKoV-CLCuMuB can re-activate the expression of a transcriptionally silenced GFP transgene in N. benthamiana. Although Rep, TrAP, or βC1 proteins have, for other begomoviruses or begomoviruses-betasatellites, been previously shown to have TGS suppressor activity, this is the first report demonstrating that a single begomovirus-betasatellite complex encodes three suppressors of TGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, 67435, Neustadt, Germany,
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46
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Sohrab SS, Azhar EI, Kamal MA, Bhattacharya PS, Rana D. Genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellite in Northern India. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:626-31. [PMID: 25473373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important crop and its production is affected by various disease pathogens. Monopartite begomovirus associated betasatellites cause Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Northern India. In order to access the occurrence and genetic variability of Cotton leaf curl betasatellites, an extensive field survey was conducted in states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. We selected the betasatellite sequence for analysis as they are reported as important for disease severity and sequence variability. Based on the field observations, the disease incidence ranged from 30% to 80% during the survey. Full genome and DNA β were amplified from various samples while no amplicon was obtained in some samples. The nucleotide sequence homology ranged from 90.0% to 98.7% with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), 55.2-55.5% with Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, 55.8% with Okra leaf curl virus and 51.70% with Tomato leaf curl virus isolates. The lowest similarity (47.8%) was found in CLCuV-Sudan isolate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that analyzed isolates formed a close cluster with various CLCuV isolates reported earlier. The analysis results show sequence variation in Cotton leaf curl betasatellite which could be the result of recombination. The results obtained by genome amplification and sequence variability indicate that some new variants are circulating and causing leaf curl disease in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - P S Bhattacharya
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
| | - D Rana
- Division of Biotechnology, JK-AgriGenetics Ltd., Hyderabad, A.P., India
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Khatri S, Nahid N, Fauquet CM, Mubin M, Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS. A betasatellite-dependent begomovirus infects ornamental rose: characterization of begomovirus infecting rose in Pakistan. Virus Genes 2014; 49:124-31. [PMID: 24781196 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Begomovirus genus of the family Geminiviridae comprises the largest group of geminiviruses. The list of begomoviruses is continuously increasing as a result of improvement in the methods for identification. Ornamental rose plants (Rosa chinensis) with highly stunted growth and leaf curling were found in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Plants were analyzed for begomovirus infection, through rolling circle amplification and PCR methods. Based on complete genome sequence homologies with other begomoviruses, a new begomovirus species infecting the rose plants was discovered. In this paper, we propose a new species name, Rose leaf curl virus (RoLCuV), for the virus. RoLCuV showed close identity (83 %) with Tomato leaf curl Pakistan virus, while associated betasatellite showed 96 % identity with Digera arvensis yellow vein betasatellite (DiAYVB), justifying a new isolate for the betasatellite. Recombination analysis of newly identified begomovirus revealed it as a recombinant of tomato leaf curl Pakistan virus from its coat protein region. The infectious molecules for virus/satellite were prepared and inoculated through Agrobacterium tumefaciens to N. benthamiana plants. RoLCuV alone was unable to induce any level of symptoms on N. benthamiana plants, but co-inoculation with cognate betasatellite produced infection symptoms. Further investigation to understand the trans-replication ability of betasatellites revealed their flexibility to interact with Rose leaf curl virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Khatri
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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Yang CF, Chen KC, Cheng YH, Raja JAJ, Huang YL, Chien WC, Yeh SD. Generation of marker-free transgenic plants concurrently resistant to a DNA geminivirus and a RNA tospovirus. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5717. [PMID: 25030413 PMCID: PMC4101524 DOI: 10.1038/srep05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global threats of ssDNA geminivirus and ss(-)RNA tospovirus on crops necessitate the development of transgenic resistance. Here, we constructed a two-T DNA vector carrying a hairpin of the intergenic region (IGR) of Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV), residing in an intron inserted in an untranslatable nucleocapsid protein (NP) fragment of Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV). Transgenic tobacco lines highly resistant to AYVV and MYSV were generated. Accumulation of 24-nt siRNA, higher methylation levels on the IGR promoters of the transgene, and suppression of IGR promoter activity of invading AYVV indicate that AYVV resistance is mediated by transcriptional gene silencing. Lack of NP transcript and accumulation of corresponding siRNAs indicate that MYSV resistance is mediated through post-transcriptional gene silencing. Marker-free progenies with concurrent resistance to both AYVV and MYSV, stably inherited as dominant nuclear traits, were obtained. Hence, we provide a novel way for concurrent control of noxious DNA and RNA viruses with less biosafety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chun Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Cheng
- Division of Plant Pathology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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49
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Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Mallah OB, Abu-Zeitoun SY. Molecular characterization of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) from Palestine. Viruses 2014; 6:2444-62. [PMID: 24956181 PMCID: PMC4074936 DOI: 10.3390/v6062444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of watermelon chlorotic stunt disease and molecular characterization of the Palestinian isolate of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV-[PAL]) are described in this study. Symptomatic leaf samples obtained from watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were tested for WmCSV-[PAL] infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA). Disease incidence ranged between 25%-98% in watermelon fields in the studied area, 77% of leaf samples collected from Jenin were found to be mixed infected with WmCSV-[PAL] and SLCV. The full-length DNA-A and DNA-B genomes of WmCSV-[PAL] were amplified and sequenced, and the sequences were deposited in the GenBank. Sequence analysis of virus genomes showed that DNA-A and DNA-B had 97.6%-99.42% and 93.16%-98.26% nucleotide identity with other virus isolates in the region, respectively. Sequence analysis also revealed that the Palestinian isolate of WmCSV shared the highest nucleotide identity with an isolate from Israel suggesting that the virus was introduced to Palestine from Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Ali-Shtayeh
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til, Nablus 970, Palestine.
| | - Rana M Jamous
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til, Nablus 970, Palestine.
| | - Omar B Mallah
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til, Nablus 970, Palestine.
| | - Salam Y Abu-Zeitoun
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til, Nablus 970, Palestine.
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50
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Regional changes in the sequence of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite. Viruses 2014; 6:2186-203. [PMID: 24859342 PMCID: PMC4036549 DOI: 10.3390/v6052186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan and northwestern India is caused by monopartite begomoviruses in association with an essential, disease-specific satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Following a recent upsurge in CLCuD problems in Sindh province (southern Pakistan), sequences of clones of CLCuMB were obtained from Sindh and Punjab province (central Pakistan), where CLCuD has been a problem since the mid-1980s. The sequences were compared to all sequences of CLCuMB available in the databases. Analysis of the sequences shows extensive sequence variation in CLCuMB, most likely resulting from recombination. The range of sequence variants differ between Sindh, the Punjab and northwestern India. The possible significance of the findings with respect to movement of the CLCuD between the three regions is discussed. Additionally, the lack of sequence variation within the only coding sequence of CLCuMB suggests that the betasatellite is not involved in resistance breaking which became a problem after 2001 in the Punjab and subsequently also in northwestern India.
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