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Xu J, Yin L, Guo Y, Yan Z, Yu S, Jiang T, Liao X, Lin W, Chen F. The biological characteristics of DAstV molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of duck astrovirus causing hepatitis in ducks and chickens in Southeast China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104076. [PMID: 39096827 PMCID: PMC11345556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A suspected outbreak of duck astrovirus (DAstV) disease occurred in a large Muscovy duck farm in Guangdong Province, China, in June 2022, which severely affected the production performance and health of Muscovy ducks. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DAstV disease in Southeast China. Herein, we employed semi-nested PCR ethodto screen 5203 swab and liver samples from 11 Muscovy duck farms in 5 provinces of China for the presence of DAstV. Among them, 1356 samples (26.06%, 1356/5203) tested positive for DAstV, out of which 11 DAstV strains were isolated after 10 generations of blind transmission through Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells and performed their whole-genome sequencing. The alignment results showed that the 11 DAstV isolates exhibited relatively low homology (15.4%-75%) with the astrovirus isolates from other species published in GenBank, whereas their homology (nucleotide: 90.4%-99.99%; amino acid: 94%-99.8%) with the DAstV type 1 (DAstV-1) reference strain was higher, indicating considerable homology. The results indicated that DAstV-1 was the main pathogenic factor. Herein, we successfully recreated the clinical symptoms of natural infection in 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) ducks using the DAstV-1-GDB-2022 strain. The primary clinical manifestations included liver enlargement, hemorrhaging, and disruptions in liver function. Additionally, we confirmed the cross-species transmission potential of DAstV-1, marking the first occurrence of clinical symptoms of DAstV in 28-day-old SPF chickens. Our findings provide new perspectives on the epidemiology and pathogenicity of DAstV-1 and may help in advancing the development of DAstV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Guangdong Wens Food Group, Yunfu 527499, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | - Shuilan Yu
- Guangdong Wens Food Group, Yunfu 527499, China
| | | | | | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Han X, Yin L, Liang X, Liang H. Molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus and pathogenicity of a novel isolate in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280313. [PMID: 38149277 PMCID: PMC10751203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an enteric virus, chicken astrovirus has been related to various kinds of diseases in chickens, including white chick syndrome, runting-stunting syndrome, severe kidney disease, urate deposits and visceral gout, generating economic losses in the poultry industry globally. The complete ORF2 gene of 31 CAstV isolates in six provinces of China during 2020-2022 was characterized and analyzed with the purpose of better understanding the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of CAstV field isolates. Phylogenetic analysis which was based on the complete ORF2 (capsid) amino acid sequence of 31 CAstV isolates and 57 reference strains indicated that 2 isolates belonged to subgroup Ai, 10 isolates belonged to subgroup Bi, 3 isolates belonged to subgroup Bii, 5 isolates belonged to subgroup Biii, 7 isolates belonged to subgroup Biv, 3 isolates belonged to subgroup Bv, and one isolate (JS202103) belonged to a new B subgroup. In addition, the novel CAstV strain JS202103 was successfully isolated in vitro, and its whole genome shared 76.9-94.3% identity with the 29 CAstV reference strains. JS202103 caused hatchability reduction, dead embryos, kidney disease and visceral gout in chicken embryos. Moreover, this is the also the initial study focusing on diverse CAstV strains including subgroups Biii, Biv, and Bv circulate in China. The current work contributes to improving our understanding of CAstV isolates in China, and it will also provide references for developing efficient measures to control this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Guangdong, China
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Mirosław P, Jastrzębski JP, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. miRNA Expression Signatures Induced by Chicken Astrovirus Infection in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15128. [PMID: 37894809 PMCID: PMC10606767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs represent ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and play an important and pivotal regulatory role in viral disease pathogenesis and virus-host interactions. Although previous studies have provided basic data for understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in birds, the role of miRNAs in the regulation of host responses to chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection in chickens is not yet understood. In our study, we applied next-generation sequencing to profile miRNA expression in CAstV-infected chickens and to decipher miRNA-targeted specific signaling pathways engaged in potentially vital virus-infection biological processes. Among the 1354 detected miRNAs, we identified 58 mature miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in infected birds. Target prediction resulted in 4741 target genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular processes and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Paweł Mirosław
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Kariithi HM, Volkening JD, Chiwanga GH, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Msoffe PLM, Suarez DL. Genome Sequences and Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus from Tanzanian Live Bird Markets. Viruses 2023; 15:1247. [PMID: 37376547 DOI: 10.3390/v15061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are the type species of the genus Avastrovirus (AAstV; Astroviridae family), capable of causing considerable production losses in poultry. Using next-generation sequencing of a cloacal swab from a backyard chicken in Tanzania, we assembled genome sequences of ANV and CAstV (6918 nt and 7318 nt in length, respectively, excluding poly(A) tails, which have a typical AAstV genome architecture (5'-UTR-ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2-'3-UTR). They are most similar to strains ck/ANV/BR/RS/6R/15 (82.72%) and ck/CAstV/PL/G059/14 (82.23%), respectively. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the genomes and the three open reading frames (ORFs) grouped the Tanzanian ANV and CAstV strains with Eurasian ANV-5 and CAstV-Aii viruses, respectively. Compared to other AAstVs, the Tanzanian strains have numerous amino acid variations (substitutions, insertions and deletions) in the spike region of the capsid protein. Furthermore, CAstV-A has a 4018 nt recombinant fragment in the ORF1a/1b genomic region, predicted to be from Eurasian CAstV-Bi and Bvi parental strains. These data should inform future epidemiological studies and options for AAstV diagnostics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kaptagat Rd, Nairobi P.O. Box 57811-00200, Kenya
| | | | - Gaspar H Chiwanga
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, South Zone, Mtwara P.O. Box 186, Tanzania
| | - Mary J Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Peter L M Msoffe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3000, Tanzania
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a goose astrovirus isolate in China. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 54:427-434. [PMID: 36327040 PMCID: PMC9630819 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are considered the cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Studies in recent years show avian astroviruses are also associated with duckling hepatitis, gosling gout, and chicken nephritis. In this study, a GAstV strain, designated as JS2019/China, was detected in dead goslings from a commercial goose farm in Jiangsu province of China. Viral strain was proliferated in goose embryos and sequence analysis showed the isolated strain had a classical structure arrangement and a series of conserved regions compared with other GAstVs. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of whole genome and ORF2 revealed that JS2019/China belongs to the GAstV-1 group, which consists of most of the GAstV strains. Amino acid analysis indicated that some mutants might have an impact on viral protease capacity, such as V505I and K736E of ORF1a and T107I, F342S, and S606P of ORF2. Taken together, a novel GAstV strain was isolated and genomic analysis and protein polymorphism analysis indicated that some amino acid mutants might affect the viral virulence.
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Luan Q, Han Y, Yin Y, Wang J. Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of novel chicken astrovirus in China. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:488-498. [PMID: 35838631 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFive novel chicken astrovirus (CAstV) strains, designated ZDF, MHC, WSC, WSW and MHW, were successfully isolated from chickens with gout and were subjected to full genome sequencing characterization and tested for their pathogenic effects on Specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryos and chickens. The complete genomes of the 5 isolated strains were approximately 7436 nt to 7511 nt in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains ZDF and MHC were clustered in a clade with strains isolated in China and that the others were clustered with strains from other countries. Based on the amino acids of ORF2, strains MHW and WSW belonged to subgroup Ai, strain WSC belonged to Bii, and strains ZDF and MHC belonged to Bi. The pathogenicity of strains MHW, MHC and WSC belonging to different subgroups was studied. The results showed that the mortality of the chicken embryos was 100% when infected with any strain more than 103 TCID50, 35% in SPF chickens infected with strain WSC, 25% with MHC and 15% with MHW. The body weights of chickens infected and embryos infected with 0.2 mL 10 TCID50 were significantly reduced after hatching. SPF chickens infected with any of the strains had similar lesions characterized by urate deposits on the epicardium and kidney and necrotic spots on the liver. This study identified the three kinds of genotypic CAstV prevalent in China, with high mortality in embryonated chicken eggs and leading to white chick syndrome, retarded growth and visceral gout in infected chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Bolong Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Yijun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao, 266109, China
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De la Torre D, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Chacón RD, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus from high embryonic mortality based on the capsid protein (ORF2) gene, in Brazil. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:457-464. [PMID: 35791746 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2098691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn recent years, reports of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infections in commercial birds have increased, affecting the poultry industries in Brazil and worldwide. The objective of this study was to use molecular methods to characterize the CAstV found in one breeding and three different incubation companies that reported increased embryonic mortality and the appearance of birds with white chick syndrome (WCS). RT-qPCR with SyBR green chemistry were used to determine the presence of the virus in the feces of breeders, organs of newborn chickens, and unhatched embryos. By sequencing the ORF2 that codes for the viral capsid, the strains responsible for these clinical signs were characterized using strains previously reported in Brazil, North America, Europe, and Asia. The percentage of identity of the amino acid sequences compared with those from group A was less than 41% (37.01% to 40.52%) and the identity with those from subgroups Bi, Bii, and Biii was less than 90% (81.81% to 89.85%). Therefore, the sequences were characterized within subgroup Biv with identity greater than 95% (95.26% to 99.59%), together with CAstV strains previously found in Brazil, Canada, and the United States. Using antigenicity prediction tools, 14 highly conserved peptides located on the surface of the capsid protein were considered potentially responsible for inducing the immune response in the host. Our data provide important information related to the increase in embryo mortality in vertically infected birds, reinforcing the potential association of WCS with CAstV Biv subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,LABIGEN, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruy D Chacón
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Inter-units Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Raji AA, Omar AR. Pathogenesis of Chicken Astrovirus Related Illnesses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899901. [PMID: 35754540 PMCID: PMC9231584 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the several known viruses, chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with diarrhea, runting-stunting syndrome, severe kidney disease, and gout, and white chick syndrome (WCS) in young broiler chicks. Discovered in 2004, CAstV consists of two genogroups with an expanding subgroup because of the diversity exhibited in its viral capsid sequence. Despite these findings, there exists a dearth of knowledge on its pathogenesis. This review highlights the pathogenesis and development of in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience and Department of Veterinary pathology and Microbiology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Li L, Dong J, Kuang R, Liao M, Sun M. First Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Duck Astrovirus in Ducklings in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873062. [PMID: 35464380 PMCID: PMC9024104 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four divergent groups of duck astroviruses (DAstVs) have been identified that infect domestic ducks. In March 2021, a fatal disease characterized by visceral urate deposition broke out in 5-day-old Beijing ducks on a commercial farm in Guangdong province, China. We identified a novel duck astrovirus from the ducklings suffering from gout disease. The complete genome sequence of this DAstV was obtained by virome sequencing and amplification. Phylogenetic analyses and pairwise comparisons demonstrated that this DAstV represented a novel group of avastrovirus. Thus, we designated this duck astrovirus as DAstV-5 JM strain. DAstV-5 JM shared genome sequence identities of 15–45% with other avastroviruses. Amino acid identities with proteins from other avastroviruses did not exceed 59% for ORF1a, 79% for ORF1b, and 60% for ORF2. The capsid region of JM shared genetic distances of 0.596 to 0.695 with the three official avastrovirus species. suggesting that JM could be classified as a novel genotype species in the Avastrovirus genus. Meanwhile, JM shares genetic distances of 0.402–0.662 with all the other known unassigned avastroviruses, revealing that it represents an additional unassigned avastrovirus. In summary, we determined that the DAstV-5 JM strain is a novel genotype species of avastrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihuan Kuang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minhua Sun
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Stamelou E, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou KV, Petridou E, Davidson I, Polizopοulou ZS, Papa A, Kritas SK. First report of canine Astrovirus and Sapovirus in Greece, hosting both asymptomatic and gastroenteritis symptomatic dogs. Virol J 2022; 19:58. [PMID: 35361253 PMCID: PMC8969266 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus are widely distributed viruses in humans and animals worldwide. They have frequently been associated with disease, mainly of gastroenteric nature. In dogs, these viruses have been detected both in symptomatic and asymptomatic animals, mainly of young age. Methods In the present epidemiologic study, we investigated the presence of canine Astrovirus (CAstV), canine Norovirus (canine NoV) and canine Sapovirus (Canine SaV) in saliva and stools of 201 domestic dogs originating from throughout Greece, based on two different molecular methods, i.e. conventional and SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR. The samples derived from young and adult asymptomatic and symptomatic animals. CAstV was detected in 15/201 (7.5%) and 29/201 (15%) of the examined dogs using conventional RT-PCR and SYBR-Green Real time RT-PCR, respectively. Results The prevalence of the virus was higher at healthy dogs, with a slight discrepancy of the two methods on the aspect of age (67% young dogs with the method of conventional RT-PCR, versus 52% adult positive dogs with the method of SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR). Canine SaV was detected in 52/201 (23%) of the dogs (mainly young and asymptomatic), with the method of SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR only, while canine NoV was not detected in any sample with either of the two methods applied. Sequencing of the CAstV positive samples resulted in the acquisition of one CAstV sequence. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results, clustering the CAstV sequence with homologous canine hosting sequences from other countries. Conclusions CAstV and Canine SaV were proved to circulate in Greek dogs. SYBR-Green Real time RT-PCR showed greater sensitivity in the detection of these viruses. Additionally, we were able to specify the CAstV strain that circulates in Greece, through phylogenetic analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of CAstV and canine SaV in dogs in Greece, as well as the first time detected in dogs from Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Stamelou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos V Papageorgiou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irit Davidson
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Zoe S Polizopοulou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon K Kritas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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An Insight into the Molecular Characteristics and Associated Pathology of Chicken Astroviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040722. [PMID: 35458451 PMCID: PMC9024793 DOI: 10.3390/v14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is a ubiquitous enteric RNA virus that has been associated mainly with conditions, such as the runting-stunting syndrome, severe kidney disease, visceral gout, and white chick syndrome, in broiler-type chickens worldwide. Sequence analysis of the capsid genes’ amino acids of the strains involved in these conditions reveals a genetic relationship and diversity between and within the CAstV genogroups and subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis, genetic distance (p-dist), and pathogenicity. While the two genogroups (A and B) are demarcated phylogenetically, their pairwise amino acid sequence identity is 39% to 42% at a p-dist of 0.59 to 0.62. Group-A consists of three subgroups (Ai, Aii, and Aiii) with an inter- and intra-subgroup amino acid identity of 78% to 82% and 92% to 100%, respectively, and a p-dist of 0.18 to 0.22. On the other hand, the six subgroups (Bi, Bii, Biii, Biv, Bv, and Bvi) in Group-B, with a p-dist of 0.07 to 0.18, have an inter- and intra-subgroup amino acid identity of 82% to 93% and 93% to 100%, respectively. However, these groupings have little to no effect on determining the type of CAstV-associated pathology in chickens.
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12
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Stamelou E, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou KV, Petridou E, Davidson I, Polizopοulou ZS, Papa A, Kritas SK. Epidemiology of Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus in Greek pig farms indicates high prevalence of Mamastrovirus suggesting the potential need for systematic surveillance. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35000615 PMCID: PMC8744241 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Astrovirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus exhibit a wide distribution in swine pig herds worldwide. However, the association of porcine Astrovirus (PAstV), porcine Norovirus (PoNoV) and porcine Sapovirus (PoSaV) with disease in pigs remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PAstV, PoNoV and PoSaV in Greek pig farms using both conventional RT-PCR and SYBR-Green Real-time RT-PCR in an effort to compare the sensitivity of the two methods. We examined 1400 stool samples of asymptomatic pigs originating from 28 swine farms throughout Greece in pools of five. Results PAstV was detected in all 28 swine farms examined, with an overall prevalence of 267/280 positive pools (95.4%). Porcine Caliciviruses prevalence was found at 36 and 57 out of the 280 examined samples, by the conventional and SYBR-Green Real time RT-PCR, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples revealed that the detected PAstV sequences are clustered within PAstV1, 3 and 4 lineages, with PAstV3 being the predominant haplotype (91.2%). Interestingly, sequencing of the Calicivirus positive samples demonstrated the presence of non-target viruses, i.e. Sapovirus, Kobuvirus and Sapelovirus sequences and one sequence highly similar to bat Astrovirus, while no Norovirus sequence was detected. Conclusions The high prevalence of PAstV in Greek pig farms poses a necessity for further investigation of the pathogenicity of this virus and its inclusion in surveillance programs in case that it proves to be important. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study of these viruses in pig farms in Greece. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40813-021-00245-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Stamelou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos V Papageorgiou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irit Davidson
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Zoe S Polizopοulou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon K Kritas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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McIlwaine K, Law CJ, Lemon K, Grant IR, Smyth VJ. A Review of the Emerging White Chick Hatchery Disease. Viruses 2021. [PMID: 34960704 DOI: 10.3390/v1312243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White chick hatchery disease is an emerging disease of broiler chicks with which the virus, chicken astrovirus, has been associated. Adult birds typically show no obvious clinical signs of infection, although some broiler breeder flocks have experienced slight egg drops. Substantial decreases in hatching are experienced over a two-week period, with an increase in mid-to-late embryo deaths, chicks too weak to hatch and pale, runted chicks with high mortality. Chicken astrovirus is an enteric virus, and strains are typically transmitted horizontally within flocks via the faecal-oral route; however, dead-in-shell embryos and weak, pale hatchlings indicate vertical transmission of the strains associated with white chick hatchery disease. Hatch levels are typically restored after two weeks when seroconversion of the hens to chicken astrovirus has occurred. Currently, there are no commercial vaccines available for the virus; therefore, the only means of protection is by good levels of biosecurity. This review aims to outline the current understanding regarding white chick hatchery disease in broiler chick flocks suffering from severe early mortality and increased embryo death in countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry McIlwaine
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Christopher J Law
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Irene R Grant
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Victoria J Smyth
- Virology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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14
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A Review of the Emerging White Chick Hatchery Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122435. [PMID: 34960704 PMCID: PMC8703500 DOI: 10.3390/v13122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
White chick hatchery disease is an emerging disease of broiler chicks with which the virus, chicken astrovirus, has been associated. Adult birds typically show no obvious clinical signs of infection, although some broiler breeder flocks have experienced slight egg drops. Substantial decreases in hatching are experienced over a two-week period, with an increase in mid-to-late embryo deaths, chicks too weak to hatch and pale, runted chicks with high mortality. Chicken astrovirus is an enteric virus, and strains are typically transmitted horizontally within flocks via the faecal–oral route; however, dead-in-shell embryos and weak, pale hatchlings indicate vertical transmission of the strains associated with white chick hatchery disease. Hatch levels are typically restored after two weeks when seroconversion of the hens to chicken astrovirus has occurred. Currently, there are no commercial vaccines available for the virus; therefore, the only means of protection is by good levels of biosecurity. This review aims to outline the current understanding regarding white chick hatchery disease in broiler chick flocks suffering from severe early mortality and increased embryo death in countries worldwide.
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15
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Jastrzębski JP, Grzybek M, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV. Viruses 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34960643 PMCID: PMC8708055 DOI: 10.3390/v13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the "white chicks syndrome" associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV-chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at -70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens' spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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16
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Raji AA, Ideris A, Bejo MH, Omar AR. Molecular characterisation and pathogenicity of novel Malaysian chicken astrovirus isolates. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:51-65. [PMID: 34726999 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTChicken astrovirus (CAstV) has for over a decade been associated with runting stunting syndrome (RSS), severe kidney disease and visceral gout, and white chick syndrome (WCS). However, molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of the virus in day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks is scarce. This study focused on the characterisation of near-complete genome of three Malaysian CAstV isolates following virus propagation in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and pathogenicity in day-old SPF chicks. The three isolates demonstrated unique features including a point mutation in their intergenic regions and an additional stem-loop II-like motif (s2 m) in ORF-2. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF-2 amino acid of the three isolates revealed an identity share of 86 to 91% with group B CAstVs while forming a new subgroup in addition to the known four subgroups (Bi, Bii, Biii and Biv) that exhibit high identity of between 95 to 100% within the subgroups. In the pathogenicity study, birds in the infected and exposed sentinel groups exhibited lethargy and diarrhoea 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) that declined by 6 dpi and 20% growth retardation by 9 dpi. Mild lymphocytic aggregates in the duodenum, tubular degeneration and interstitial nephritis were observed in the intestines and kidneys, respectively, in both groups. In addition, the mean virus copy number of the cloacal swabs were log10 13.23 at 3 dpi and log10 9.04 at 6 dpi for the infected and exposed sentinels, respectively. The study suggests that the Malaysian isolates should be assigned to a new subgroup, Bv within group B CAstV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Abdullahi Raji
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecule, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Van Borm S, Steensels M, Mathijs E, Vandenbussche F, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Metagenomic sequencing determines complete infectious bronchitis virus (avian Gammacoronavirus) vaccine strain genomes and associated viromes in chicken clinical samples. Virus Genes 2021; 57:529-540. [PMID: 34626348 PMCID: PMC8501334 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV, genus Gammacoronavirus) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease in chicken. Random primed RNA sequencing was applied to two IBV positive clinical samples and one in ovo-passaged virus. The virome of a cloacal swab pool was dominated by IBV (82% of viral reads) allowing de novo assembly of a GI-13 lineage complete genome with 99.95% nucleotide identity to vaccine strain 793B. In addition, substantial read counts (16% of viral reads) allowed the assembly of a near-complete chicken astrovirus genome, while lower read counts identified the presence of chicken calicivirus and avian leucosis virus. Viral reads in a respiratory/intestinal tissue pool were distributed between IBV (22.53%), Sicinivirus (Picornaviridae, 24%), and avian leucosis virus (37.04%). A complete IBV genome with 99.95% nucleotide identity to vaccine strain H120 (lineage GI-1), as well as a near-complete avian leucosis virus genome and a partial Sicinivirus genome were assembled from the tissue sample data. Lower read counts identified chicken calicivirus, Avibirnavirus (infectious bursal disease virus, assembling to 98.85% of segment A and 69.66% of segment B closely related to D3976/1 from Germany, 2017) and avian orthoreovirus, while three avian orthoavulavirus 1 reads confirmed prior real-time RT-PCR result. IBV sequence variation analysis identified both fixed and minor frequency variations in the tissue sample compared to its in ovo-passaged virus. Metagenomic methods allow the determination of complete coronavirus genomes from clinical chicken samples while providing additional insights in RNA virus sequence diversity and coinfecting viruses potentially contributing to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Van Borm
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Steensels
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Mathijs
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Chen Q, Yu Z, Xu X, Ji J, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. First report of a novel goose astrovirus outbreak in Muscovy ducklings in China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101407. [PMID: 34438326 PMCID: PMC8383103 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly acute disease characterized as visceral gout broke out in Muscovy ducklings in Henan province (China) in June 2020, with a mortality rate of up to 61%. In this study, common pathogenic agents were screened using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or polymerase chain reaction. The results found the novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) to be the pathogenic agent. We isolated the GoAstV, which has been designated as HNNY0620, using the Leghorn male chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cell line and sequenced the complete genome. The phylogenetic tree showed that the amino acid (aa) sequences of ORF1a and ORF2 and the completed nucleotide sequences of the HNNY0620 strain were clustered in the GoAstV-I clade. ORF1a aa and whole-genome sequences were genetically close to TAstV-2 and DHV-3, whereas the ORF2 aa sequences were clustered with TAstV-2 and DHV2. Both the duck-origin GoAstVs and HNNY0620 harbored some special mutations, but ORF1a in 700 (I/T), ORF1b in 288 (F/L), and ORF2 in 306 (A/T) were only found in HNNY0620. These results suggest that the host range of GoAstV is diffusing, which can potentially affect other waterfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China.
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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19
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Yin L, Zhou Q, Mai K, Huang J, Yan Z, Wei X, Shen H, Li Q, Chen L, Zhou Q. Isolation and characterization of a novel chicken astrovirus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101363. [PMID: 34352410 PMCID: PMC8350400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is associated with kidney disease and visceral gout, runting and stunting syndrome, and white chick hatchery disease, causing economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 55.6% of 36 clinical samples from Guangdong province in China were positive for CAstV, but negative for other common enteric viruses, including avian nephritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus Group I, Newcastle disease virus, chicken parvovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus by PCRs and RT-PCRs. A CAstV strain, named GD202013, was isolated from Guangdong province in south China, and was identified by CAstV RT-PCR. A whole genome sequence analysis demonstrated that GD202013 shares 76.0 to 88.1% identity with 24 reference strains in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis, based on whole genome and capsid protein, showed that GD202013 is more closely related to 2 US strains (GA2011/US/2011 and 4175/US/2011) belonging to subgroup Bii. Recombination analysis indicated that GD202013 is a recombinant strain formed by 3 strains: a major parent strain CkP5/US/2016, and 2 minor parent strains (GA2011/US/2011 and G059/PL/2014). In addition, the chicken embryo infection experiment demonstrated that GD202013 causes hatchability reduction, growth depression, and death of embryos. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the liver, kidney and small intestine were observed in the dead-in-shell embryos. This is the first report of the novel CAstV infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China.
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20
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Orłowska A, Smreczak M, Potyrało P, Bomba A, Trębas P, Rola J. First Detection of Bat Astroviruses (BtAstVs) among Bats in Poland: The Genetic BtAstVs Diversity Reveals Multiple Co-Infection of Bats with Different Strains. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020158. [PMID: 33499328 PMCID: PMC7911471 DOI: 10.3390/v13020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Astroviruses (AstVs) are common pathogens of a wide range of animal hosts, including mammals and avians, causing gastrointestinal diseases, mainly gastroenteritis and diarrhea. They prompt a significant health problem in newborns and young children and economic losses in the poultry sector and mink farms. Recent studies revealed a growing number of bat species carrying astroviruses with a noticeable prevalence and diversity. Here, we demonstrate the first detection of bat astroviruses (BtAstVs) circulating in the population of insectivorous bats in the territory of Poland. Results: Genetically diverse BtAstVs (n = 18) were found with a varying degree of bat species specificity in five out of 15 bat species in Poland previously recognized as BtAstV hosts. Astroviral RNA was found in 12 out of 98 (12.2%, 95% CI 7.1–20.2) bat intestines, six bat kidneys (6.1%, 95% CI 2.8–12.7) and two bat livers (2.0%, 95% CI 0.4–7.1). Deep sequencing of the astroviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region revealed co-infections in five single bat individuals with highly distinct astrovirus strains. Conclusions: The detection of highly distinct bat astroviruses in Polish bats favors virus recombination and the generation of novel divergent AstVs and creates a potential risk of virus transmission to domestic animals and humans in the country. These findings provide a new insight into molecular epidemiology, prevalence of astroviruses in European bat populations and the risk of interspecies transmission to other animals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orłowska
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.P.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-818893072 (A.O.); Fax: +48-818862595 (A.O. & M.S.)
| | - Marcin Smreczak
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.P.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-818893072 (A.O.); Fax: +48-818862595 (A.O. & M.S.)
| | - Patrycja Potyrało
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.P.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Paweł Trębas
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.P.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Jerzy Rola
- Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (P.P.); (P.T.); (J.R.)
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21
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Yin D, Tian J, Yang J, Tang Y, Diao Y. Pathogenicity of novel goose-origin astrovirus causing gout in goslings. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:40. [PMID: 33472629 PMCID: PMC7818743 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A novel goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV) has broken out across China in recent years, causing gout in goslings with a mortality rate of around 50%. However, our understanding of the dynamic distribution, tissue tropism and pathogenesis of GoAstV is incomplete. In order to assess its pathogenicity, one-day-old goslings were inoculated separately with GoAstV via oral and subcutaneous injection routes. Results Clinical symptoms, gross and microscopic lesions, blood biochemical parameters and viral loads were detected and recorded for 20 days after infection. Typical gout was observed in experimental goslings. GoAstV can be replicated in tissues and cause pathological damage, especially in the kidney, liver, heart and spleen. Virus-specific genomic RNA was detected in blood, cloacal swabs and all representative tissues, and virus shedding was detected up to 20 days after inoculation, suggesting that GoAstV has a wide tissue tropism and spread systematically after inoculation. The viral copy numbers examined in kidney were the highest, followed by spleen and liver. Conclusion This experiment determined the accurate value of viral loads and biochemical indicators of GoAstV-induced goslings. These findings increase our understanding of the pathogenicity of GoAstV in goslings and provide more reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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22
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Chen XU, He Y, Li W, Kalim U, Xiao Y, Yang J, Wang X, Yang S, Zhang W. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Porcine Astrovirus from Pigs in Anhui, China. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:471-478. [PMID: 33574875 PMCID: PMC7812366 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine astroviruses (PAstVs) have wide distribution in swine herds worldwide. At present, five porcine astrovirus genotypes have been identified. In this study, using viral metagenomics, a novel PAstV strain (designated as Ahast) was identified in fecal samples from pigs in Anhui of China, and the complete genomic sequence of Ahast was obtained by assembling and PCR amplification. Genomic structural analysis indicated that Ahast had a typical ribosomal frameshifting signal, and some conserve amino acid motifs were also found in virally encoded proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison indicated that this virus belonged to porcine astrovirus genotype 4 (PAstV4), which formed a clade clustered with other PAstV4. Multiple recombinant events were confirmed by recombination analysis and indicated that Ahast was a potential recombinant. Epidemiological investigation indicated that PAstV4 has a 10.7% prevalence in this pig farm. The new recombinant identified in this study will be beneficial to comprehend the origin, genetic diversity, and evolution of porcine astroviruses in Anhui of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X U Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumin He
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weina Li
- Pharmacy Department, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Ullah Kalim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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23
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Zhao W, Wu Z, Yao Y, Qin A, Qian K. The Isolation and Molecular Characterization of an Astrovirus From "Yellow" Chickens, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:581862. [PMID: 33195598 PMCID: PMC7655128 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.581862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection is strongly associated with kidney disease, gout, “white chicks” hatchery disease, and runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). In the present study, 82.5% of 154 clinical samples from different provinces in China were positive for CAstV by RT-PCR. One CAstV isolate, designated as AAstV/Chicken/CHN/2017/NJ01, was successfully isolated from the small intestine of “Yellow” chickens using LMH cells. The genome sequence and structure analyses revealed that NJ1701 had the typical characteristics of avian astroviruses which was genetically distinct from other Avastrovirus. This isolate was classified as Group B subgroup i based on phylogenetic analysis of complete ORF2 (capsid) amino acid sequences. Meanwhile, growth depression and hatchability reduction were observed in the chicken embryo infection experiment. The results in the current study will contribute to our understanding of chicken astrovirus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongyi Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & United Kingdom-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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24
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Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Molecular Studies Reveal Evidence of Multiple Past Recombination Events in Sequences Originated from Clinical Samples of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in Western Canada. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101096. [PMID: 32998356 PMCID: PMC7600043 DOI: 10.3390/v12101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to molecularly characterize 14 whole genome sequences of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) isolated from samples obtained from white chick syndrome (WCS) outbreaks in Western Canada during the period of 2014–2019. Genome sequence comparisons showed all these sequences correspond to the novel Biv group from which no confirmed representatives were published in GenBank. Molecular recombination analyses using recombination detection software (i.e., RDP5 and SimPlot) and phylogenetic analyses suggest multiple past recombination events in open reading frame (ORF)1a, ORF1b, and ORF2. Our findings suggest that recombination events and the accumulation of point mutations may have contributed to the substantial genetic variation observed in CAstV and evidenced by the current seven antigenic sub-clusters hitherto described. This is the first paper that describes recombination events in CAstV following analysis of complete CAstV sequences originated in Canada.
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25
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Molecular Characterization and Determination of Relative Cytokine Expression in Naturally Infected Day-Old Chicks with Chicken Astrovirus Associated to White Chick Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071195. [PMID: 32674433 PMCID: PMC7401566 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
White chick syndrome (WCS) is an emergent disease that affects hatchability and hatched chicks, resulting in high mortality and economic losses, and is related to chicken astrovirus (CAstV). This syndrome has been reported in several countries worldwide, and groups A iii and B vi of CAstV have been determined; however, in Brazil, the virus has not been genotyped. The innate immunity of chicks affected by WCS or any CAstV is poorly understood and studied, and it is important to determine whether relative cytokine expression occurs during the early stages of the life of chicks. The aim of the present investigation is to detect and molecularly characterize CAstV associated with WCS, examine the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the jejunum and spleen, and determine cytokine expression in the jejunum, liver, spleen and thymus of chicks naturally infected with WCS. To do so, we applied a pathological and molecular approach for CAstV detection and characterization, as well as the quantification of the relative mRNA expression of several cytokine genes. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences obtained herein classified CAstV as uniquely belonging to group B iv, showing a high similarity of nucleotides (NT) (75.7-80.6%) and amino acids (AA) (84.2-89.9%) with the members of group B and a low similarity of NT (46.7-47.9%) and AA (37.8-38.9%) with the virus belonging in group A. CAstV was also detected and quantified in the serum, spleen, thymus and jejunum, the latter being the organ where CAstV had the highest viral concentration. However, this organ did not present any microscopical alterations. In contrast, we observed necrotic hepatitis in the liver of the affected subjects. On the other hand, we observed the activation of several T helper 1 (Th1)- and T helper 2 (Th2)-cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, TGF-β4, TNF-SF-15 and t-BET), without being able to control the viral replication due to the high concentration of viral particles in some organs, principally in the gut. One possible role of these cytokines is contributing to the control of inflammation and cell protection of intestinal cells, principally during the early activation of immune responses. However, the fact that these responses are not mature enough to control the viral infection means that more studies need to be carried out to elucidate this topic.
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26
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Kaszab E, Doszpoly A, Lanave G, Verma A, Bányai K, Malik YS, Marton S. Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is slowly taking over the traditional and widely used molecular techniques for the investigation of pathogenic viruses responsible for illness and inflicting great economic burden on the farm animal industry. Owing to the continued improvements in sequencing technologies and the dramatic reduction of per base costs of sequencing the use of next generation sequencing have been key factors in this progress. Discoveries linked to viral metagenomics are expected to be beneficial to the field of veterinary medicine starting from the development of better diagnostic assays to the design of new subunit vaccines with minimal investments. With these achievements the research has taken a giant leap even toward the better healthcare of animals and, as a result, the animal sector could be growing at an unprecedented pace.
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27
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Long KE, Ouckama RM, Weisz A, Brash ML, Ojkić D. White Chick Syndrome Associated with Chicken Astrovirus in Ontario, Canada. Avian Dis 2019; 62:247-258. [PMID: 29944402 DOI: 10.1637/11802-012018-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four cases of white chick syndrome (WCS) in broiler breeders producing affected progeny were reported from seven hatcheries in Ontario, Canada, between 2009 and 2016, with 43 of those originating from two hatcheries owned by a single company. WCS cases were identified by the presence of typical chicks in the hatchery that were generally weak with pale to white down, enlarged abdomens, and occasionally brown wiry fluff on the dorsum of the neck. Affected embryos and chicks had characteristic gross and histologic liver lesions, and livers were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) RNA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Affected broiler breeder flocks experienced egg production drops of 0% to 21% and hatchability drops of 0% to 68.4%. The amino acid sequence of the region encoding the capsid gene of WCS viruses demonstrated all Ontario CAstV to be in Group B, Subgroup Bii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Long
- A Maple Leaf Foods, 70 Heritage Drive, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada N3A 2J4
| | - Rachel M Ouckama
- B Maple Lodge Hatcheries, 101 Fox Road, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada L1A 3V6
| | - Alexandru Weisz
- C Guelph Poultry Veterinary Services, 519 Maltby Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1L 1G3
| | - Marina L Brash
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Davor Ojkić
- D Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
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28
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Detection of Murine Astrovirus and Myocoptes musculinus in individually ventilated caging systems: Investigations to expose suitable detection methods for routine hygienic monitoring. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221118. [PMID: 31408494 PMCID: PMC6692027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine Astrovirus is one of the most prevalent viral agents in laboratory rodent facilities worldwide, but its influence on biomedical research results is poorly examined. Due to possible influence on research results and high seroprevalence rates in mice, it appears useful to include this virus into routine health monitoring programs. In order to establish exhaust air particle PCR as a reliable detection method for Murine Astrovirus infections in mice kept in individually ventilated cages (IVC) and compare the method to sentinel mice monitoring regarding reproducibility and detection limit, we conducted a study with defined Murine Astrovirus cage prevalence. In parallel, the efficacy of both detection strategies (soiled-bedding sentinel (SBS) and exhaust air dust (EAD) analysis) was tested for Myocoptes musculinus. The fur mite was used as a reference organism during the whole study period to ensure the validity of this method. Because some publications already demonstrated successful detection of several pathogens, including murine fur mite species, via EAP-PCR. Detection of Murine Astrovirus infections at low prevalence is possible with both methods tested. Detection by exhaust air particles (EAP) is faster, more sensitive and more reliable compared to soiled bedding sentinels (SBS). Exhaust air particle PCR also detected the reference organism Myocoptes musculinus, which was not detected at all by sentinel mice, not even by high sensitivity fur swab qPCR. In conclusion, Murine Astrovirus can be detected by both exhaust air particle PCR and soiled bedding sentinels. We recommend exhaust air particle PCR as the better detection technique for Murine Astrovirus, because it is more reliable. Environmental samples are the method of choice for detection of Myocoptes musculinus because relying on soiled bedding sentinels harbors a big risk of missing existing infestations.
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29
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Establishment and Application of Rapid Diagnosis for Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR of Newly Emerging Goose-Origin Nephrotic Astrovirus in China. mSphere 2018; 3:3/6/e00380-18. [PMID: 30404934 PMCID: PMC6222047 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00380-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV), as a newly emerging virus in 2017, is different from previously known astroviruses in the genus Avastrovirus. So far, few studies have focused on the novel virus. Considering the infectious development of astrovirus (AstV), we established a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay with a strong specificity to quickly and accurately diagnose GoAstV. Confirmed by clinical application, this method can quickly and accurately detect prevalent GoAstV. The assay is thus convenient for clinical operation and is applicable to the monitoring of GoAstV disease. In 2017, a new type of goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV) that is completely different from previously identified avian astroviruses (which have only 30.0% to 50.5% homology with GoAstV) has been isolated from diseased geese in China. This disease can cause joint swelling in sick geese, and the anatomy shows a clear precipitation of urate in the kidney. The rate of death and culling can reach more than 30%, revealing the disease’s severe pathogenicity. To quickly and accurately diagnose the newly emerging disease, we established a highly specific reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method of detecting GoAstV. Sensitivity testing showed that the minimum amount of test sample for this method is 52.5 copies/μl. Clinical application confirmed that this method can quickly and effectively detect GoAstV, providing a diagnostic platform for the prevention and control of goose disease. IMPORTANCE Goose-origin astrovirus (GoAstV), as a newly emerging virus in 2017, is different from previously known astroviruses in the genus Avastrovirus. So far, few studies have focused on the novel virus. Considering the infectious development of astrovirus (AstV), we established a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay with a strong specificity to quickly and accurately diagnose GoAstV. Confirmed by clinical application, this method can quickly and accurately detect prevalent GoAstV. The assay is thus convenient for clinical operation and is applicable to the monitoring of GoAstV disease.
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30
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Yang J, Tian J, Tang Y, Diao Y. Isolation and genomic characterization of gosling gout caused by a novel goose astrovirus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1689-1696. [PMID: 29920970 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A severe infectious disease characterized with gout, haemorrhage and swellings of kidneys has affected goslings around the major goose-producing regions in China since November 2016. A Novel goose-origin astrovirus (AStV), designated as AStV/SDPY/Goose/1116/17 (AStV-SDPY) strain, was isolated from diseased goslings, and experimental reproduction of gout was successful using the AStV-SDPY strain. Additionally, the AStV-SDPY was conducted for its full genome sequencing characterization using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique on Illumina HiSeq platform. A complete genome of the AStV-SDPY was 7,252 nt in length and encoded three viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AStV-SDPY strain belongs to an independent branch of avian astroviruses, and the nucleotide homology among AStV-SDPY and other classic avian astrovirus strains was only 48.8%-68.2%. Results of above data indicated the causative agent of the gosling gout occurring in China is a novel divergent goose astrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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31
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Liu N, Jiang M, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhang D. Genetic characterization of a novel group of avastroviruses in geese. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:927-932. [PMID: 29638038 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As part of aetiological studies, we tested 28 samples collected from domestic geese showing enteritis and sporadic death. A novel group of avastroviruses was found in six samples. One isolate was completely sequenced, which comprised 7,148 nucleotides. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the goose astrovirus is highly divergent from all previously described avastroviruses. Our data support the view that domestic geese can be infected by astroviruses with different genetic backgrounds, and have raised a concern about the role of domestic geese as reservoirs for diverse astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - M Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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32
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Long KE, Hastie GM, Ojkić D, Brash ML. Economic Impacts of White Chick Syndrome in Ontario, Canada. Avian Dis 2018; 61:402-408. [PMID: 28956997 DOI: 10.1637/11592-012217-caser] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A cluster of 12 cases of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in broiler breeder flocks producing affected progeny occurred from June to November 2015 in two broiler chicken hatcheries owned by a single company in Ontario, Canada. Cases were identified by the presence of typical chicks in the hatchery characterized by pale to white down, enlarged abdomens, and occasionally brown wiry fluff on the dorsum of the neck that were generally weak. Affected broiler breeder flocks experienced egg production drops of 0% to 15% and hatchability drops of 1.8% to 49.1%. Some flocks experienced increased feed clean-up duration and/or reduced hatching egg weight. The financial impacts of WCS to affected hatching egg producers averaged $5,912 CAD (US$4,417) per 10 000 hens and were as great as $16,788 CAD (US$12,544) per 10 000 hens. The financial impacts of WCS to the affected hatcheries averaged $1,723 CAD (US$1,287) per 10 000 broiler breeder hens and were as great as $4,096 (US$3,060) per 10 000 hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Long
- A Maple Leaf Foods, 70 Heritage Drive, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada N3A 2J4
| | - Gordon M Hastie
- A Maple Leaf Foods, 70 Heritage Drive, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada N3A 2J4
| | - Davor Ojkić
- B Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Marina L Brash
- B Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 6R8
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33
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Bodewes R. Novel viruses in birds: Flying through the roof or is a cage needed? Vet J 2018; 233:55-62. [PMID: 29486880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging viral diseases continue to have a major global impact on human beings and animals. To be able to take adequate measures in case of an outbreak of an emerging disease, rapid detection of the causative agent is a crucial first step. In this review, various aspects of virus discovery are discussed, with a special focus on recently discovered viruses in birds. Novel viruses with a potential major impact have been discovered in domestic and wild bird species in recent years using various virus discovery methods. Only a few studies report the detection of novel viruses in endangered bird species, although increased knowledge about viruses circulating in these species is important. Additional studies focusing on the exact role of a novel virus in disease and on the impact of a novel virus on bird populations are often lacking. Intensive collaboration between different disciplines is needed to obtain useful information about the role of these novel viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bodewes
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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34
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Cortez V, Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Hargest V, Johnson C, Schultz-Cherry S. Astrovirus Biology and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2017; 4:327-348. [PMID: 28715976 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastrointestinal illness. Although a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, human astroviruses are among the least characterized enteric RNA viruses. However, by using in vitro methods and animal models to characterize virus-host interactions, researchers have discovered several important properties of astroviruses, including the ability of the astrovirus capsid to act as an enterotoxin, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier. Improved animal models are needed to study this phenomenon, along with the pathogenesis of astroviruses, particularly in those strains that can cause extraintestinal disease. Much like for other enteric viruses, the current dogma states that astroviruses infect in a species-specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses have potential to cross species barriers. This review summarizes these remarkable facets of astrovirus biology, highlighting critical steps toward increasing our understanding of this unique enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Cydney Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
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35
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Donato C, Vijaykrishna D. The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses. Viruses 2017; 9:v9050102. [PMID: 28489047 PMCID: PMC5454415 DOI: 10.3390/v9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are a diverse family of viruses that infect a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts. Here we describe the phylogenetic diversity and current classification methodology of astroviruses based on the ORF1b and ORF2 genes, highlighting the propensity of astroviruses to undergo interspecies transmission and genetic recombination which greatly increase diversity and complicate attempts at a unified and comprehensive classification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Donato
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Liu N, Yang L, Zhang D. Complete genome sequence of a novel avastrovirus in goose. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2135-2139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Complete genome sequence analysis of chicken astrovirus isolate from India. Vet Res Commun 2016; 41:67-75. [PMID: 28012117 PMCID: PMC7088555 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chicken astroviruses have been known to cause severe disease in chickens leading to increased mortality and “white chicks” condition. Here we aim to characterize the causative agent of visceral gout suspected for astrovirus infection in broiler breeder chickens. Methods Total RNA isolated from allantoic fluid of SPF embryo passaged with infected chicken sample was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing using ion-torrent PGM platform. The sequence was analysed for the presence of coding and non-coding features, its similarity with reported isolates and epitope analysis of capsid structural protein. Results The consensus length of 7513 bp genome sequence of Indian isolate of chicken astrovirus was obtained after assembly of 14,121 high quality reads. The genome was comprised of 13 bp 5′-UTR, three open reading frames (ORFs) including ORF1a encoding serine protease, ORF1b encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and ORF2 encoding capsid protein, and 298 bp of 3′-UTR which harboured two corona virus stem loop II like “s2m” motifs and a poly A stretch of 19 nucleotides. The genetic analysis of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 suggested highest sequence similarity of 86.94% with the chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011 followed by 84.76% with CAstV/4175 and 74.48%% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. The capsid structural protein of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 showed 84.67% similarity with chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011, 81.06% with CAstV/4175 and 41.18% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. However, the capsid protein sequence showed high degree of sequence identity at nucleotide level (98.64-99.32%) and at amino acids level (97.74–98.69%) with reported sequences of Indian isolates suggesting their common origin and limited sequence divergence. The epitope analysis by SVMTriP identified two unique epitopes in our isolate, seven shared epitopes among Indian isolates and two shared epitopes among all isolates except Poland isolate which carried all distinct epitopes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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