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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Schmoll M, Esquivel-Ayala BA, González-Esquivel CE, Rocha-Ramírez V, Larsen J. Mechanisms for plant growth promotion activated by Trichoderma in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127621. [PMID: 38295679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are free-living fungi present in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. These soil fungi can stimulate plant growth and increase plant nutrient acquisition of macro- and micronutrients and water uptake. Generally, plant growth promotion by Trichoderma is a consequence of the activity of potent fungal signaling metabolites diffused in soil with hormone-like activity, including indolic compounds as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced at concentrations ranging from 14 to 234 μg l-1, and volatile organic compounds such as sesquiterpene isoprenoids (C15), 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) and ethylene (ET) produced at levels from 10 to 120 ng over a period of six days, which in turn, might impact plant endogenous signaling mechanisms orchestrated by plant hormones. Plant growth stimulation occurs without the need of physical contact between both organisms and/or during root colonization. When associated with plants Trichoderma may cause significant biochemical changes in plant content of carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids and lipids, as detected in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which may improve the plant health status during the complete life cycle. Trichoderma-induced plant beneficial effects such as mechanisms of defense and growth are likely to be inherited to the next generations. Depending on the environmental conditions perceived by the fungus during its interaction with plants, Trichoderma can reprogram and/or activate molecular mechanisms commonly modulated by IAA, ET and abscisic acid (ABA) to induce an adaptative physiological response to abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, or environmental pollution. This review, provides a state of the art overview focused on the canonical mechanisms of these beneficial fungi involved in plant growth promotion traits under different environmental scenarios and shows new insights on Trichoderma metabolites from different chemical classes that can modulate specific plant growth aspects. Also, we suggest new research directions on Trichoderma spp. and their secondary metabolites with biological activity on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Monika Schmoll
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca Alicia Esquivel-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio B4, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos E González-Esquivel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Victor Rocha-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - John Larsen
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Aris A, Mohd Zainudin NAI, Ibrahim MH. Growth and photosynthetic performance of Fusarium solani infected Cucumis sativus L. treated with Trichoderma asperellum. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2161292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Aris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Chen J, Wang R, Zhang J, Hou J, Liu T. Insights into the molecular mechanism of Trichoderma stimulating plant growth and immunity against phytopathogens. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14133. [PMID: 38148197 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma species have received significant interest as beneficial fungi for boosting plant growth and immunity against phytopathogens. By establishing a mutualistic relationship with plants, Trichoderma causes a series of intricate signaling events that eventually promote plant growth and improve disease resistance. The mechanisms contain the indirect or direct involvement of Trichoderma in enhancing plant growth by modulating phytohormones signaling pathways, improving uptake and accumulation of nutrients, and increasing soil bioavailability of nutrients. They contribute to plant resistance by stimulating systemic acquired resistance through salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling. A cascade of signal transduction processes initiated by the interaction of Trichoderma and plants regulate the expression of defense-related genes, resulting in the synthesis of defense hormones and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), which collectively improve plant resistance. Additionally, advancements in omics technologies has led to the identification of key pathways, their regulating genes, and molecular interactions in the plant defense and growth promotion responses induced by Trichoderma. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind Trichoderma's induction of plant defense and immunity is essential for harnessing the full plant beneficial potential of Trichoderma. This review article sheds light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the positive effects of Trichoderma-induced plant immunity and growth and opens new opportunities for developing environmentally friendly and innovative approaches to improve plant immunity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Saba Najeeb
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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Wang K, Lin Z, Dou J, Jiang M, Shen N, Feng J. Identification and Surveys of Promoting Plant Growth VOCs from Biocontrol Bacteria Paenibacillus peoriae GXUN15128. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0434622. [PMID: 36988498 PMCID: PMC10269716 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04346-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) in promoting plant growth has received much attention. We isolated Paenibacillus peoriae from mangrove rhizosphere soil, which can produce VOCs to promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, increase the aboveground biomass of A. thaliana, and increase the number of lateral roots of A. thaliana. The effects of different inoculation amounts and different media on the composition of MVOCs were studied by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and headspace sampler/GC-MS. We found that the growth medium influences the function and composition of MVOCs. To survey the growth-promoting functions, the transcriptome of the receptor A. thaliana was then determined. We also verified the inhibitory effect of the soluble compounds produced by P. peoriae on the growth of 10 pathogenic fungi. The ability of P. peoriae to produce volatile and soluble compounds to promote plant growth and disease resistance has shown great potential for application in the sustainability of agricultural production. IMPORTANCE Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) have great potential as "gas fertilizers" for agricultural applications, and it is a promising research direction for the utilization of microbial resources. This study is part of the field of interactions between microorganisms and plants. To study the function and application of microorganisms from the perspective of VOCs is helpful to break the bottleneck of traditional microbial application. At present, the study of MVOCs is lacking; there is a lack of functional strains, especially with plant-protective functions and nonpathogenic application value. The significance of this study is that it provides Paenibacillus peoriae, which produces VOCs with plant growth-promoting effects and broad-spectrum antifungal activity against plant-pathogenic fungi. Our study provides a more comprehensive, new VOC component analysis method and explains how MVOCs promote plant growth through transcriptome analysis. This will greatly increase our understanding of MVOC applications as a model for other MVOC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Dou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingguo Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Naikun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
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Ghoneem KM, Al-Askar AA, Saber WIA. A Simple Formula of the Endophytic Trichoderma viride, a Case Study for the Management of Rhizoctonia solani on the Common Bean. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1358. [PMID: 37374140 DOI: 10.3390/life13061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of beneficial endophytic microorganisms presents a promising and innovative strategy for attaining environmental sustainability and fostering development. The majority of microbial bioagents are unsuitable for preparation in a suitable granular formula, and few are prepared in complicated formulas. In this work, Trichoderma viride was simply prepared in a marketable granular formula to manage Rhizoctonia solani and improve common bean growth. The GC-MS analysis showed several antimicrobial compounds in the fungal filtrate. T. viride was able to suppress the phytopathogenic R. solani in the laboratory. The formula had up to 6 months of shelf-life viability. Under greenhouse conditions, the formula improved plant resistance against R. solani. Moreover, the vegetative plant growth and physiological performance (peroxidase, polyphenol, total phenols, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and photosynthetic pigments) of the common bean showed obvious promotion. The formula reduced the disease incidence by 82.68% and increased the yield by 69.28%. This work may be considered a step in the right direction for producing simple bioactive products on a large scale. Moreover, the study's findings suggest that this method can be considered a novel approach to enhancing plant growth and protection, in addition to reducing costs, improving handling and application, and maintaining fungal viability for enhancing plant growth and protecting against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Ghoneem
- Seed Pathology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - WesamEldin I A Saber
- Microbial Activity Unit, Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Prerostova S, Rezek J, Jarosova J, Lacek J, Dobrev P, Marsik P, Gaudinova A, Knirsch V, Dolezal K, Plihalova L, Vanek T, Kieber J, Vankova R. Cytokinins act synergistically with heat acclimation to enhance rice thermotolerance affecting hormonal dynamics, gene expression and volatile emission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107683. [PMID: 37062127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a frequent environmental constraint. Phytohormones can significantly affect plant thermotolerance. This study compares the effects of exogenous cytokinin meta-topolin-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine (mT9THP) on rice (Oryza sativa) under control conditions, after acclimation by moderate temperature (A; 37 °C, 2h), heat stress (HS; 45 °C, 6h) and their combination (AHS). mT9THP is a stable cytokinin derivative that releases active meta-topolin gradually, preventing the rapid deactivation reported after exogenous cytokinin application. Under control conditions, mT9THP negatively affected jasmonic acid in leaves and abscisic and salicylic acids in crowns (meristematic tissue crucial for tillering). Exogenous cytokinin stimulated the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), especially 2,3-butanediol. Acclimation upregulated trans-zeatin, expression of stress- and hormone-related genes, and VOC emission. The combination of acclimation and mT9THP promoted the expression of stress markers and antioxidant enzymes and moderately increased VOC emission, including 2-ethylhexyl salicylate or furanones. AHS and HS responses shared some common features, namely, increase of ethylene precursor aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), cis-zeatin and cytokinin methylthio derivatives, as well as the expression of heat shock proteins, alternative oxidases, and superoxide dismutases. AHS specifically induced jasmonic acid and auxin indole-3-acetic acid levels, diacylglycerolipids with fewer double bonds, and VOC emissions [e.g., acetamide, lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived volatiles]. Under direct HS, exogenous cytokinin mimicked some positive acclimation effects. The combination of mT9THP and AHS had the strongest thermo-protective effect, including a strong stimulation of VOC emissions (including LOX-derived ones). These results demonstrate for the first time the crucial contribution of volatiles to the beneficial effects of cytokinin and AHS on rice thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Rezek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Jarosova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Marsik
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Dolezal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plihalova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 313, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Joseph Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Nawrocka J, Szymczak K, Skwarek-Fadecka M, Małolepsza U. Toward the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Treated with Trichoderma virens or/and Botrytis cinerea. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091271. [PMID: 37174671 PMCID: PMC10177525 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea causes significant losses in tomato crops. B. cinerea infection may be halted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may exhibit fungistatic activity or enhance the defense responses of plants against the pathogen. The enhanced VOC generation was observed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), with the soil-applied biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens (106 spores/1 g soil), which decreased the gray mold disease index in plant leaves at 72 hpi with B. cinerea suspension (1 × 106 spores/mL). The tomato leaves were found to emit 100 VOCs, annotated and putatively annotated, assigned to six classes by the headspace GCxGC TOF-MS method. In Trichoderma-treated plants with a decreased grey mold disease index, the increased emission or appearance of 2-hexenal, (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, 2-hexyn-1-ol, 3,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 1,5-octadien-3-ol, 2-octenal, octanal, 2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-6-nonenal, prenol, and acetophenone, and 2-hydroxyacetophenone, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, 2-carene, δ-elemene, and isocaryophyllene, and β-ionone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and 2-ethyl-, and 2-pentylfuran, ethyl, butyl, and hexyl acetate were most noticeable. This is the first report of the VOCs that were released by tomato plants treated with Trichoderma, which may be used in practice against B. cinerea, although this requires further analysis, including the complete identification of VOCs and determination of their potential as agents that are capable of the direct and indirect control of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Szymczak
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Skwarek-Fadecka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Małolepsza
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Abdelrhim AS, Abdellatif YMR, Hossain MA, Alamri S, Pessarakli M, Lessy AMN, Dawood MFA. Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1694. [PMID: 37111917 PMCID: PMC10141358 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Bacillus subtilis, were tested against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) infection compared to two conventional fungicides (Rizolex-T 50%wettable powder and Amistar 25%). Antifungal enzyme activity was assayed in the culture filtrate of the biocontrol agents. The impact of the tested biocontrol agents on the induction of the coriander immune system was investigated against R. solani by assessing the resistance-related enzymes and compounds in biocontrol agent-treated plants compared with the control. The obtained results revealed that all tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the linear growth of R. solani, and T. viride recorded the highest inhibition percentage. This could be linked to the ability of T. viride to produce higher activities of antimicrobial enzymes, i.e., cellulase, chitinase, and protease, compared to P. fluorescence and B. subtilis. Applying the tested biocontrol agents significantly alleviated pre- and post-emergence damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases of infected coriander compared with untreated plants. The tested biocontrol agents exhibited significantly higher germination percentage and vigor index of the coriander than the tested fungicides. The tested biocontrol agents significantly minimized the reduction of photosynthetic pigments induced by R. solani. In addition, the results showed a significant increase in enzymes/molecules (i.e., phenylalanine, catalase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenolics, ascorbic acids, and salicylic acid) involved directly and indirectly in coriander resistance to R. solani. The principal component analysis of the recorded data recommended the role of the high accumulation of oxidative parameters (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and the inhibition of phenolic compounds in the downregulation of coriander resistance against R. solani. The heatmap analysis results revealed that biocontrol agents, especially Trichoderma, enhanced the resistance against R. solani via the stimulation of salicylic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the data recommended the efficacy of biocontrol agents, especially T. viride, against R. solani infecting coriander plants, which could be an efficient and a safer alternative to conventional fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasmin M. R. Abdellatif
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amna M. N. Lessy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Minia University, Minia 85721, Egypt
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Yao X, Guo H, Zhang K, Zhao M, Ruan J, Chen J. Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160551. [PMID: 37206337 PMCID: PMC10189891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is mainly used to control soil-borne diseases as well as some leaf and panicle diseases of various plants. Trichoderma can not only prevent diseases but also promotes plant growth, improves nutrient utilization efficiency, enhances plant resistance, and improves agrochemical pollution environment. Trichoderma spp. also behaves as a safe, low-cost, effective, eco-friendly biocontrol agent for different crop species. In this study, we introduced the biological control mechanism of Trichoderma in plant fungal and nematode disease, including competition, antibiosis, antagonism, and mycoparasitism, as well as the mechanism of promoting plant growth and inducing plant systemic resistance between Trichoderma and plants, and expounded on the application and control effects of Trichoderma in the control of various plant fungal and nematode diseases. From an applicative point of view, establishing a diversified application technology for Trichoderma is an important development direction for its role in the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Development Center of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjun Ruan,
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jie Chen,
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Boakye TA, Li H, Osei R, Boamah S, Min Z, Ni C, Wu J, Shi M, Qiao W. Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL6 and TL13) on Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot on Snow Pea Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1148. [PMID: 36354916 PMCID: PMC9693188 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow pea root rot in China is caused by Fusarium solani (FSH) and Fusarium avenaceum (FAH), which affect snow pea production. The chemical control methods used against FSH and FAH are toxic to the environment and resistance may be developed in persistence applications. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to control these pathogens. This study focuses on Trichoderma longibrachiatum strains (TL6 and TL13), mycoparasitic mechanisms of FSH and FAH, as well as growth-promoting potentials on snow pea seedlings under FSH and FAH stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The average inhibitory rates of TL6 against FSH and FAH were 54.58% and 69.16%, respectively, on day 7. Similarly, TL13 average inhibitory rates against FSH and FAH were 59.06% and 71.27%, respectively, on day 7. The combined TL13 and TL6 with FSH and FAH reduced disease severity by 86.6, 81.6, 57.60, and 60.90%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. The snow pea plants inoculated with FSH and FAH without TL6 and TL13 increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves by 64.8, 66.0, 64.4 and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined FSH and FAH with TL6 and TL13 decreased the MDA and H2O2 content by 75.6, 76.8, 70.0, and 76.4%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. In addition, the combined TL6 + FSH and TL6 + FAH increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 60.5, 64.7, and 60.3%, respectively, and 60.0, 64.9, and 56.6%, respectively, compared to the controls. Again, compared to the controls, the combined TL13 + FSH and TL13 + FAH increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT by 69.7, 68.6, and 65.6%, respectively, and 70.10, 69.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Our results suggest that the pretreatment of snow pea seeds with TL6 and TL13 increases snow pea seedling growth, controls FSH and FAH root rot, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and activates plant defense mechanisms. The TL13 strain had the greatest performance in terms of pathogen inhibition and snow pea growth promotion compared to the TL6 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Afriyie Boakye
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Solomon Boamah
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhang Min
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wanqiang Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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11
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De Palma M, Scotti R, D’Agostino N, Zaccardelli M, Tucci M. Phyto-Friendly Soil Bacteria and Fungi Provide Beneficial Outcomes in the Host Plant by Differently Modulating Its Responses through (In)Direct Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2672. [PMID: 36297696 PMCID: PMC9612229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural systems based on the application of phyto-friendly bacteria and fungi are increasingly needed to preserve soil fertility and microbial biodiversity, as well as to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Although there is considerable attention on the potential applications of microbial consortia as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for crop management, knowledge on the molecular responses modulated in host plants because of these beneficial associations is still incomplete. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the different mechanisms of action triggered by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to promote host-plant growth and improve its defense system. In addition, we combined available gene-expression profiling data from tomato roots sampled in the early stages of interaction with Pseudomonas or Trichoderma strains to develop an integrated model that describes the common processes activated by both PGPMs and highlights the host's different responses to the two microorganisms. All the information gathered will help define new strategies for the selection of crop varieties with a better ability to benefit from the elicitation of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
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12
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Sharma N, Kour J, Devi K, Bhardwaj T, Dhiman S, Singh AD, Sharma N, Sharma A, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P, Alam P, Albalawi TH. Phytomicrobiome communications: Novel implications for stress resistance in plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912701. [PMID: 36274695 PMCID: PMC9583171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural sector is a foremost contributing factor in supplying food at the global scale. There are plethora of biotic as well as abiotic stressors that act as major constraints for the agricultural sector in terms of global food demand, quality, and security. Stresses affect rhizosphere and their communities, root growth, plant health, and productivity. They also alter numerous plant physiological and metabolic processes. Moreover, they impact transcriptomic and metabolomic changes, causing alteration in root exudates and affecting microbial communities. Since the evolution of hazardous pesticides and fertilizers, productivity has experienced elevation but at the cost of impeding soil fertility thereby causing environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sustainable and safe means for crop production. The emergence of various pieces of evidence depicting the alterations and abundance of microbes under stressed conditions proved to be beneficial and outstanding for maintaining plant legacy and stimulating their survival. Beneficial microbes offer a great potential for plant growth during stresses in an economical manner. Moreover, they promote plant growth with regulating phytohormones, nutrient acquisition, siderophore synthesis, and induce antioxidant system. Besides, acquired or induced systemic resistance also counteracts biotic stresses. The phytomicrobiome exploration is crucial to determine the growth-promoting traits, colonization, and protection of plants from adversities caused by stresses. Further, the intercommunications among rhizosphere through a direct/indirect manner facilitate growth and form complex network. The phytomicrobiome communications are essential for promoting sustainable agriculture where microbes act as ecological engineers for environment. In this review, we have reviewed our building knowledge about the role of microbes in plant defense and stress-mediated alterations within the phytomicrobiomes. We have depicted the defense biome concept that infers the design of phytomicrobiome communities and their fundamental knowledge about plant-microbe interactions for developing plant probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Nandni Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Tamanna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shalini Dhiman
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Gondor OK, Pál M, Janda T, Szalai G. The role of methyl salicylate in plant growth under stress conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153809. [PMID: 36099699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate is a volatile compound, the synthesis of which takes place via the salicylic acid pathway in plants. Both compounds can be involved in the development of systemic acquired resistance and they play their role partly independently. Salicylic acid transport has an important role in long-distance signalling, but methyl salicylate has also been suggested as a phloem-based mobile signal, which can be demethylated to form salicylic acid, inducing the de-novo synthesis of salicylic acid in distal tissue. Despite the fact that salicylic acid has a protective role in abiotic stress responses and tolerance, very few investigations have been reported on the similar effects of methyl salicylate. In addition, as salicylic acid and methyl salicylate are often treated simply as the volatile and non-volatile forms of the same compound, and in several cases they also act in the same way, it is hard to highlight the differences in their mode of action. The main aim of the present review is to reveal the individual role and action mechanism of methyl salicylate in systemic acquired resistance, plant-plant communication and various stress conditions in fruits and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Magda Pál
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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14
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Abbasi S, Nasirzadeh F, Boojar MMA, Kafi SA, Karimi E, Khelghatibana F, Sadeghi A. Streptomyces strains can improve the quality properties and antifungal bioactivities of tomato fruits by impacting WRKY70 transcription factor gene and nitrate accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 188:31-37. [PMID: 35964362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effect of plant growth-promoting (PGP) strains of Streptomyces on yield, quality, and nitrate content of fruits, plant-microbe responses, and antifungal effect against blight disease caused by fungus pathogen Alternaria solani on tomato fruits in commercial greenhouse conditions. Greenhouse trials were done with four treatments including strains Y28, IC10, IT25, and commercial bio-fertilizer (Barvar NPK®) on tomato plants. In PGP treatments, the number of infected fruits significantly reduced (60%) compared to Barvar and control. Strain Y28 improved the quality of tomatoes more than other treatments. All three PGP treatments contained a higher level of total sugar concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities than Barvar and control. In contrast, PGP strains, especially Y28, significantly reduced nitrate accumulation (25%) compared to Barvar and control tomatoes. Streptomyces treatments induced more than a 20-fold increase in UDP and WRKY70 transcription factor gene expression relative to the control (P < 0.01). Based on the results, microbe-dependent plant defense induced by these strains is positively correlated to WRKY70 expression and nitrate reduction in commercial greenhouse conditions. These findings suggest that the commercial application of specific strains not only can illustrate an eco-friendly solution to induce resistance against fungal pathogens but also improve the quality properties of food plants with lower nitrate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Abbasi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Nasirzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Alipour Kafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khelghatibana
- Plant Protection Lab, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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15
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Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Trichoderma virens TRS 106. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193051. [PMID: 36231012 PMCID: PMC9563596 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.
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16
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Rauf M, Ur-Rahman A, Arif M, Gul H, Ud-Din A, Hamayun M, Lee IJ. Immunomodulatory Molecular Mechanisms of Luffa cylindrica for Downy Mildews Resistance Induced by Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:689. [PMID: 35887445 PMCID: PMC9324744 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew (DM), caused by P. cubensis, is harmful to cucurbits including luffa, with increased shortcomings associated with its control through cultural practices, chemical fungicides, and resistant cultivars; there is a prompt need for an effective, eco-friendly, economical, and safe biocontrol approach. Current research is therefore dealt with the biocontrol of luffa DM1 through the endophytic fungi (EF) consortium. Results revealed that T. harzianum (ThM9) and T. virens (TvA1) showed pathogen-dependent inducible metabolic production of squalene and gliotoxins by higher gene expression induction of SQS1/ERG9 (squalene synthase) and GliP (non-ribosomal peptide synthetase). Gene expression of lytic enzymes of EF was also induced with subsequently higher enzyme activities upon confrontation with P. cubensis. EF-inoculated luffa seeds showed efficient germination with enhanced growth potential and vigor of seedlings. EF-inoculated plants showed an increased level of growth-promoting hormone GA with higher gene expression of GA2OX8. EF-pre-inoculated seedlings were resistant to DM and showed an increased GSH content and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD). The level of MDA, H2O2, REL, and disease severity was reduced by EF. ACC, JA, ABA, and SA were overproduced along with higher gene expression of LOX, ERF, NCED2, and PAL. Expression of defense-marker genes (PPO, CAT2, SOD, APX, PER5, LOX, NBS-LRR, PSY, CAS, Ubi, MLP43) was also modulated in EF-inoculated infected plants. Current research supported the use of EF inoculation to effectively escalate the systemic immunity against DM corresponding to the significant promotion of induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) responses through initiating the defense mechanism by SA, ABA, ET, and JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways in luffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.R.); (A.U.-R.); (H.G.)
| | - Asim Ur-Rahman
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.R.); (A.U.-R.); (H.G.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.R.); (A.U.-R.); (H.G.)
| | - Aziz Ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.R.); (A.U.-R.); (H.G.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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17
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Abbas A, Mubeen M, Zheng H, Sohail MA, Shakeel Q, Solanki MK, Iftikhar Y, Sharma S, Kashyap BK, Hussain S, del Carmen Zuñiga Romano M, Moya-Elizondo EA, Zhou L. Trichoderma spp. Genes Involved in the Biocontrol Activity Against Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:884469. [PMID: 35694310 PMCID: PMC9174946 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.884469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a pathogen that causes considerable harm to plants worldwide. In the absence of hosts, R. solani survives in the soil by forming sclerotia, and management methods, such as cultivar breeding, crop rotations, and fungicide sprays, are insufficient and/or inefficient in controlling R. solani. One of the most challenging problems facing agriculture in the twenty-first century besides with the impact of global warming. Environmentally friendly techniques of crop production and improved agricultural practices are essential for long-term food security. Trichoderma spp. could serve as an excellent example of a model fungus to enhance crop productivity in a sustainable way. Among biocontrol mechanisms, mycoparasitism, competition, and antibiosis are the fundamental mechanisms by which Trichoderma spp. defend against R. solani, thereby preventing or obstructing its proliferation. Additionally, Trichoderma spp. induce a mixed induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants against R. solani, known as Trichoderma-ISR. Stimulation of every biocontrol mechanism involves Trichoderma spp. genes responsible for encoding secondary metabolites, siderophores, signaling molecules, enzymes for cell wall degradation, and plant growth regulators. Rhizoctonia solani biological control through genes of Trichoderma spp. is summarized in this paper. It also gives information on the Trichoderma-ISR in plants against R. solani. Nonetheless, fast-paced current research on Trichoderma spp. is required to properly utilize their true potential against diseases caused by R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Yasir Iftikhar,
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
| | - Sarfaraz Hussain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Zhou,
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18
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El-kazzaz MK, Ghoneim KE, Agha MKM, Helmy A, Behiry SI, Abdelkhalek A, Saleem MH, Al-Askar AA, Arishi AA, Elsharkawy MM. Suppression of Pepper Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:587. [PMID: 35455078 PMCID: PMC9029026 DOI: 10.3390/life12040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper is vulnerable to soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The potential of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms to control R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici was evaluated in pepper plants. Paenibacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples of healthy pepper plants. In vitro, both isolates caused clear reductions in the radial growth of root rot and wilt pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy displayed lysis and abnormal shape of the pathogens in dual cultures with P. polymyxa and T. longibrachiatum. The incidence and severity of root rot and wilt diseases were significantly reduced in pepper plants treated with the growth-promoting fungi (PGPF isolates; Fusarium equiseti GF19-1, Fusarium equiseti GF18-3, and Phoma sp. GS8-3), P. polymyxa, or T. longibrachiatum in comparison to the control. Moreover, the induction treatments led to increased pepper growth compared with their control. The defense related gene (CaPR4) expression was shown to be significantly higher in the treated plants than in the control plants. In conclusion, the antagonistic isolates (P. polymyxa and T. longibrachiatum) and PGPF isolates have a clear impact on the prevention of root rot and wilt diseases in pepper plants incited by R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici. The expression of the CaPR4 gene added to the evidence that PGPF isolates generate systemic resistance to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal El-kazzaz
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.K.E.-k.); (K.E.G.)
| | - Kamal Elsayed Ghoneim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.K.E.-k.); (K.E.G.)
| | | | - Asmaa Helmy
- Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo 11753, Egypt; (M.K.M.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg ElArab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Core in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr A. Arishi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.K.E.-k.); (K.E.G.)
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Chen D, Hou Q, Fan B, Zhang H, Jia L, Sun K. Biocontrol potential of endophytic Trichoderma citrinoviride HT-1 against root rot of Rheum palmatum through both antagonistic effects and induced systemic resistance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:88. [PMID: 35416541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some Trichoderma species have been used as biocontrol agents in agriculture. The effectiveness of T. citrinoviride HT-1, a beneficial endophyte isolated from Rheum palmatum root was explored for control of root rot and its mechanisms of induced systemic resistance. The results showed that the inhibition rate of F. oxysporum was 71.85% in dual culture. The fermentation metabolites (FM) of the T. citrinoviride HT-1 strain suppressed mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, recording an inhibition rate of 79.07%. Conidial suspensions of T. citrinoviride HT-1(1 × 107 spores/mL) can suppress the root rot of R. palmatum caused by F. oxysporum to a low disease index (17.60) and had significant control effects on root rot (72.53%). The activities of induced defense-related enzymes in R. palmatum plants were significantly increased following T. citrinoviride HT-1 treatment. The RT-PCR analysis of the defense-related genes showed that T. citrinoviride HT-1 can increase the defense response-related gene expression. This study has contributed to our understanding of the biocontrol potential of T. citrinoviride HT-1 and provided a theoretical basis for the application as a bio-fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaWei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - QinZheng Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - BaoLi Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - LingYun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Pescador L, Fernandez I, Pozo MJ, Romero-Puertas MC, Pieterse CMJ, Martínez-Medina A. Nitric oxide signalling in roots is required for MYB72-dependent systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma volatile compounds in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:584-595. [PMID: 34131708 PMCID: PMC8757496 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) of Trichoderma fungi trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. The root-specific transcription factor MYB72 is an early regulator of ISR and also controls the activation of iron-deficiency responses. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of MYB72-dependent iron-deficiency responses in Arabidopsis roots, but the role of NO in the regulation of MYB72 and ISR by Trichoderma VCs remains unexplored. Using in vitro bioassays, we applied Trichoderma VCs to Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant perception of Trichoderma VCs triggered a burst of NO in Arabidopsis roots. By suppressing this burst using an NO scavenger, we show the involvement of NO in Trichoderma VCs-mediated regulation of MYB72 expression. Using an NO scavenger and the Arabidopsis lines myb72 and nia1nia2 in in planta bioassays, we demonstrate that NO signalling is required in the roots for activation of Trichoderma VCs-mediated ISR against the leaf pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Analysis of the defence-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2 points to the involvement of root NO in priming leaves for enhanced defence. Our results support a key role of root NO signalling in the regulation of MYB72 expression during the activation of ISR by Trichoderma VCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Pescador
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig/Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iván Fernandez
- Plant–Microorganism Interaction Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant–Microorganism Interaction Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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21
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Harnessing phytomicrobiome signals for phytopathogenic stress management. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Rafael da Silva L, Pereira Costa Muniz PH, Henrique Silva Peixoto G, Gonçalves Dias Luccas BE, Tavares da Silva JB, Marques de Mello SC. Mycelial Inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Trichoderma spp. Volatile Organic Compounds in Distinct Stages of Development. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:527-536. [PMID: 34486312 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.527.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Fungi of the genus <i>Trichoderma </i>have high versatility in the control of different plant diseases. Among the main mechanisms of action of these fungi against phytopathogenic fungi, the production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is mentioned. These compounds are said to inhibit the mycelial growth of various fungal pathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> inhibition of the mycelial growth of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </i>by VOCs from six <i>Trichoderma </i>strains in different stages of development of the biocontrol agent. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this work, the <i>in vitro </i>evaluation of the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen <i>S. sclerotiorum </i>by VOCs from six <i>Trichoderma </i>strains was carried out: <i>T. koningiopsis </i>(CEN1386), <i>T. asperelloides </i>(CEN1397), <i>T. longibrachiatum </i>(CEN1399) <i>T. lentiforme </i>(CEN1416), <i>T</i>. <i>perbedyi</i> (CEN1389) and <i>T. azevedoi</i> (CEN1241). Observations were made at different stages of antagonist development: mycelial Growth Phase (GP), Sporulation Phase (SP) and paired with the Pathogen Phase (PP). Besides, the sporulation of the tested strains was quantified. <b>Conclusion:</b> In all experimental conditions, the VOCs produced by the CEN1241 strain showed a greater inhibitory effect, although the inhibition was less evident when the cultures of <i>S. sclerotiorum </i>were exposed in the GP phase of the antagonist. Greater sporulation was observed with <i>T. lentiforme</i> (CEN1416), a fact not related to a better ability to inhibit <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>, by VOCs.
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23
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Bio-controller Effect of Four Native Strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in Manzano Chili (Capsicum pubescens) in Puebla-Mexico. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity of the different types of chilies in Mexico has been scarcely studied, and a large variety have been found to be, such as Manzano chili. Root rot caused by oomycete Phytophthora capsici is a severe disease that affects Manzano chili production in Mexico, detracted from its production and quality. The use of biological control agents such as Trichodermanative’s species, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses and control the disease. For this reason, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antagonistic effect in vitro and in vivo of four native strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in seedlings of Manzano chili from Puebla-Mexico was evaluated. Dual culture technique was used to determine the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PICR) of the PC-A strain of P. capsici. Analysis of the percentage of germination was also carried out, as well as the incidence of root rot at 20 days after inoculation with the pathogen (dai) in the nursery. T. harzianum strain presented the highest PICR (42.86%) of antagonistic level in vitro and class I in the Bell scale, in addition, it obtained 88% germination in the nursery and 10% mortality at 20 dai, higher than the other native strains of Trichoderma. The bio-controlling effect of strains of Trichoderma spp., offers an effective alternative for root necrosis caused by P. capsici in the cultivation of Manzano chili in Puebla-Mexico.
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Agostini RB, Rius SP, Vargas WA, Campos-Bermudez VA. Proteome impact on maize silks under the priming state induced by Trichoderma root colonization. PLANTA 2021; 253:115. [PMID: 33934226 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma activates plant proteins to counteract Fusarium infection. Comparison between proteomic and transcriptomic data suggests differential response regulation. Proteins from the phenylpropanoid pathway are activated to quickly respond to pathogen attack. Trichoderma species can stimulate local and distant immune responses in colonized plant tissues to prevent future pathogenic attacks. Priming of plant defenses is characterized by changes in transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic states after stimulus perception. We have previously investigated transcriptional reprogramming in silk tissues from maize plants inoculated with Trichoderma atroviride and challenged with Fusarium verticillioides (Agostini et al., Mol Plant-Microbe In 32:95-106, 2019). To better understand the molecular changes induced by T. atroviride in maize, a proteomic approach was conducted in this instance. Several proteins belonging to different metabolic categories were detected as priming-involved proteins. However, we detected a very low correlation with those priming-modulated transcripts suggesting the importance of regulatory events a posteriori of the transcriptional process to accomplish the final goal of blocking pathogen entry. Specifically, we focused on the phenylpropanoid pathway, since we detected several proteins that are upregulated in the priming state and might explain cell wall reinforcement as well as the increase in flavonoid and lignin content in maize silks after activation of induced systemic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina B Agostini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián P Rius
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Walter A Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- YPF-Tecnología, Av. del Petróleo Arg. S/N, 1923, Berisso, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Campos-Bermudez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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25
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Murali M, Naziya B, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, AlYahya S, Almatroudi A, Thriveni MC, Gowtham HG, Singh SB, Aiyaz M, Kalegowda N, Lakshmidevi N, Amruthesh KN. Bioprospecting of Rhizosphere-Resident Fungi: Their Role and Importance in Sustainable Agriculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:314. [PMID: 33919629 PMCID: PMC8072672 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere-resident fungi that are helpful to plants are generally termed as 'plant growth promoting fungi' (PGPF). These fungi are one of the chief sources of the biotic inducers known to give their host plants numerous advantages, and they play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. Today's biggest challenge is to satisfy the rising demand for crop protection and crop yield without harming the natural ecosystem. Nowadays, PGPF has become an eco-friendly way to improve crop yield by enhancing seed germination, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll production, and fruit yield, etc., either directly or indirectly. The mode of action of these PGPF includes the solubilization and mineralization of the essential micro- and macronutrients needed by plants to regulate the balance for various plant processes. PGPF produce defense-related enzymes, defensive/volatile compounds, and phytohormones that control pathogenic microbes' growth, thereby assisting the plants in facing various biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review presents a holistic view of PGPF as efficient natural biofertilizers to improve crop plants' growth and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Banu Naziya
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami AlYahya
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (B.N.); (N.K.)
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Candicidin Isomer Production Is Essential for Biocontrol of Cucumber Rhizoctonia Rot by Streptomyces albidoflavus W68. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.03078-20. [PMID: 33608297 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03078-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by soilborne fungal pathogens result in significant crop yield losses and quality reduction. Streptomyces albidoflavus strain W68 is effective in controlling several soilborne fungal diseases. To identify antifungal substances critical for biocontrol activity of W68, the genome of W68 was sequenced and a linear chromosome of 6.80 Mb was assembled. A total of 21 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), accounting for 12.27% of the genome, were identified. Core gene deletion mutants for each of all 8 BGCs for nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases were created. Among them, only the mutant lacking ctg1-5755 (the gene was renamed as fscD W68) in BGC 19, which shares 100% sequence similarity with the BGC for candicidin synthesis, showed obvious reduction in antifungal activity. A pot experiment revealed that biocontrol effects of the ΔfscD W68 mutant in Rhizoctonia rot of cucumber were also significantly compromised relative to W68. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that W68 but not the ΔfscD W68 mutant can produce candicidin isomers, indicating that the production of candicidin isomers is key for antifungal activity and biocontrol activity of S. albidoflavus W68.IMPORTANCE This study reports that candicidin-like secondary metabolites produced by microbial cells in natural soil environments can effectively control soilborne fungal diseases, revealing a novel mechanism of microbial biocontrol agents. We demonstrated that the main antifungal activity and biocontrol activity of Streptomyces albidoflavus strain W68 are attributable to the production of candicidin isomers, suggesting that gene clusters for candicidin-like compound biosynthesis might be used as molecular markers to screen and breed microbial strains for biocontrol agent development.
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Akram W, Ahmad A, Yasin NA, Anjum T, Ali B, Fatima S, Ahmed S, Simirgiotis MJ, Li G. Mechanical strengthening and metabolic re-modulations are involved in protection against Fusarium wilt of tomato by B. subtilis IAGS174. JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS 2021; 16:411-421. [DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2021.1966107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sabin Fatima
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Afzal I, Sabir A, Sikandar S. Trichoderma: Biodiversity, Abundances, and Biotechnological Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Pazarlar S, Cetinkaya N, Bor M, Kara RS. N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated modulation of plant growth and defense against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6638-6654. [PMID: 32822478 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a well-described group of quorum sensing molecules, may modulate plant defense responses and plant growth. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the defense responses of non-model crops to AHLs and the mechanism of action responsible for the modulation of defense responses against microbial pathogens. In the present study, long-chain N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) was shown to have a distinct potential to prime cucumber for enhanced defense responses against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. We provide evidence that AHL-mediated enhanced defense against downy mildew disease is based on cell wall reinforcement by lignin and callose deposition, the activation of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide) and phenolic compounds. Quantitative analysis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, and transcriptional analysis of several of genes associated with these phytohormones, revealed that defense priming with oxo-C14-HSL is commonly regulated by the salicylic acid signaling pathway. We also show that treatment with short- (N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) and medium-chain (N-3-oxo-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) AHLs promoted primary root elongation and modified root architecture, respectively, resulting in enhanced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Pazarlar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nedim Cetinkaya
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Bor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Recep Serdar Kara
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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30
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Basińska-Barczak A, Błaszczyk L, Szentner K. Plant Cell Wall Changes in Common Wheat Roots as a Result of Their Interaction with Beneficial Fungi of Trichoderma. Cells 2020; 9:E2319. [PMID: 33086614 PMCID: PMC7603241 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls play an important role in shaping the defense strategies of plants. This research demonstrates the influence of two differentiators: the lifestyle and properties of the Trichoderma species on cell wall changes in common wheat seedlings. The methodologies used in this investigation include microscopy observations and immunodetection. In this study was shown that the plant cell wall was altered due to its interaction with Trichoderma. The accumulation of lignins and reorganization of pectin were observed. The immunocytochemistry indicated that low methyl-esterified pectins appeared in intercellular spaces. Moreover, it was found that the arabinogalactan protein epitope JIM14 can play a role in the interaction of wheat roots with both the tested Trichoderma strains. Nevertheless, we postulate that modifications, such as the appearance of lignins, rearrangement of low methyl-esterified pectins, and arabinogalactan proteins due to the interaction with Trichoderma show that tested strains can be potentially used in wheat seedlings protection to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kinga Szentner
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, Poland;
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31
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Iakimova ET, Yordanova ZP, Cristescu SM, Harren FFM, Woltering EJ. Cell death associated release of volatile organic sulphur compounds with antioxidant properties in chemical-challenged tobacco BY-2 suspension cultured cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153223. [PMID: 32645555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during programmed cell death (PCD) is still insufficiently studied and their implication in the process is not well understood. The present study demonstrates that the release of VOSCs with presumed antioxidant capacity (methanethiol, dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulfide) accompanies the cell death in chemical-stressed tobacco BY-2 suspension cultured cells. The cells were exposed to cell death inducers of biotic nature mastoparan (MP, wasp venom) and camptothecin (CPT, alkaloid), and to the abiotic stress agent CdSO4. The VOCs emission was monitored by proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The three chemicals induced PCD expressing apoptotic-like phenotype. The identified VOSCs were emitted in response to MP and CPT but not in presence of Cd. The VOSCs production occurred within few hours after the administration of the elicitors, peaked up when 20-50 % of the cells were dead and further levelled off with cell death advancement. This suggests that VOSCs with antioxidant activity may contribute to alleviation of cell death-associated oxidative stress at medium severity of cell death in response to the stress factors of biotic origin. The findings provide novel information about cell death defence mechanisms in chemical-challenged BY-2 cells and show that PCD related VOSCs synthesis depends on the type of inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena T Iakimova
- Wageningen University & Research, Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, P.O. Box 630, 6700AP, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhenia P Yordanova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Life Science Trace Gas Facility & Trace Gas Research Group, P.O. Box, 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Life Science Trace Gas Facility & Trace Gas Research Group, P.O. Box, 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Frans F M Harren
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Life Science Trace Gas Facility & Trace Gas Research Group, P.O. Box, 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ernst J Woltering
- Wageningen University & Research, Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, P.O. Box 630, 6700AP, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Inhibitory Mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070912. [PMID: 32707691 PMCID: PMC7412022 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a filamentous fungus that is widely distributed in nature. As a biological control agent of agricultural pests, Trichoderma species have been widely studied in recent years. This study aimed to understand the inhibitory mechanism of Trichoderma virens ZT05 on Rhizoctonia solani through the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. To this end, we investigated the effect of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 on the mycelium growth and enzyme activity of R. solani and analyzed transcriptome data collected from side-by-side culture. T. virens ZT05 has a significant antagonistic effect against R. solani. The mycelium of T. virens ZT05 spirally wraps around and penetrates the mycelium of R. solani and inhibits the growth of R. solani. The volatile and nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of R. solani. The nonvolatile metabolites of T. virens ZT05 significantly affect the mycelium proteins of R. solani, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), soluble proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty genes associated with hyperparasitism, including extracellular proteases, oligopeptide transporters, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), chitinases, glucanases, and proteases were found to be upregulated during the antagonistic process between T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. Thirty genes related to antibiosis function, including tetracycline resistance proteins, reductases, the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters, and multidrug resistance transporters, were found to be upregulated during the side-by-side culture of T. virens ZT05 and R. solani. T. virens ZT05 has a significant inhibitory effect on R. solani, and its mechanism of action is associated with hyperparasitism and antibiosis.
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Macías-Rodríguez L, Contreras-Cornejo HA, Adame-Garnica SG, Del-Val E, Larsen J. The interactions of Trichoderma at multiple trophic levels: inter-kingdom communication. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126552. [PMID: 32659716 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are universal saprotrophic fungi in terrestrial ecosystems, and as rhizosphere inhabitants, they mediate interactions with other soil microorganisms, plants, and arthropods at multiple trophic levels. In the rhizosphere, Trichoderma can reduce the abundance of phytopathogenic microorganisms, which involves the action of potent inhibitory molecules, such as gliovirin and siderophores, whereas endophytic associations between Trichoderma and the seeds and roots of host plants can result in enhanced plant growth and crop productivity, as well as the alleviation of abiotic stress. Such beneficial effects are mediated via the activation of endogenous mechanisms controlled by phytohormones such as auxins and abscisic acid, as well as by alterations in host plant metabolism. During either root colonization or in the absence of physical contact, Trichoderma can trigger early defense responses mediated by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species, and subsequently stimulate plant immunity by enhancing resistance mechanisms regulated by the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. In addition, Trichoderma release volatile organic compounds and nitrogen or oxygen heterocyclic compounds that serve as signaling molecules, which have effects on plant growth, phytopathogen levels, herbivorous insects, and at the third trophic level, play roles in attracting the natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) of herbivores. In this paper, we review some of the most recent advances in our understanding of the environmental influences of Trichoderma spp., with particular emphasis on their multiple interactions at different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolás De Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Mujica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolás De Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Mujica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; Instituto De Investigaciones En Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Ex-Hacienda De San José De La Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, MeXico.
| | - Sandra Goretti Adame-Garnica
- Instituto De Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolás De Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Mujica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ek Del-Val
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Ex-Hacienda De San José De La Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, MeXico
| | - John Larsen
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Ex-Hacienda De San José De La Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, MeXico
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Kamle M, Borah R, Bora H, Jaiswal AK, Singh RK, Kumar P. Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR): Role and Mechanism of Action Against Phytopathogens. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41870-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Naziya B, Murali M, Amruthesh KN. Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) Instigate Plant Growth and Induce Disease Resistance in Capsicum annuum L. upon Infection with Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E41. [PMID: 31888106 PMCID: PMC7023450 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a total of 70 fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chilli collected from six different districts of south Karnataka, India. All the rhizospheric fungi were evaluated for its antagonistic nature against Colletotrichum capsici-the causal agent of anthracnose disease-and eight isolates were found positive. The antagonistic fungi were further characterized for the production of plant growth-promoting traits wherein five isolates were recorded positive for all the traits tested and were also positive for root colonization. All five plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) were subjected to molecular characterization for identification up to the species level and the accession numbers were obtained from NCBI. The five isolates, namely NBP-08, NBP-45, NBP-61, NBP-66 and NBP-67, were further experimented with on susceptible seeds to evaluate its efficacy on seed and plant growth parameters along with induction of resistance against the anthracnose disease. The evaluated PGPF offered significant enhancement in seed and plant growth parameters with maximum improvement observed in seeds treated with NBP-61. Among the PGPF isolates, NBP-61 showed the maximum protection of 78.75%, while all the other isolates also showed significant protection against anthracnose disease compared to untreated plants. The higher accumulation of lignin and callose deposition along with enhanced defense enzyme activities in the PGPF-treated challenge-inoculated seedlings authenticated the protection offered by PGPF. The study evidenced the immense ability of PGPF in eliciting disease protection and enhancement of plant growth in chilli, which may act as a possible substitute for harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India; (B.N.); (M.M.)
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Martin-Rivilla H, Garcia-Villaraco A, Ramos-Solano B, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Lucas JA. Extracts from cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens induce defensive patterns of gene expression and enzyme activity while depressing visible injury and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz049. [PMID: 31632627 PMCID: PMC6794073 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the ability of metabolic elicitors extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Metabolic elicitors were obtained from bacteria-free culture medium with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in three consecutive extractions. Each extract showed plant protection activity. The n-hexane fraction was the most effective and was used to study the signal transduction pathways involved by evaluating expression of marker genes of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway (NPR1, PR1, ICS and PR2) and the jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signalling pathway (PDF1, MYC2, LOX2 and PR3). In addition, the level of oxidative stress was tested by determining the activity of enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. N-hexane extracts stimulated both pathways based on overexpression of ICS, PR1, PR2, PDF1 and LOX2 genes. In addition, activity of the pathogenesis-related proteins glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3), lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase was enhanced together with an increased capacity to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS). This was associated with less oxidative stress as indicated by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting a causative link between defensive metabolism against P. syringae and ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Martin-Rivilla
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Villaraco
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - B Ramos-Solano
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - F J Gutierrez-Mañero
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - J A Lucas
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Veselova MA, Plyuta VA, Khmel IA. Volatile Compounds of Bacterial Origin: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nawrocka J, Gromek A, Małolepsza U. Nitric Oxide as a Beneficial Signaling Molecule in Trichoderma atroviride TRS25-Induced Systemic Defense Responses of Cucumber Plants Against Rhizoctonia solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31057564 PMCID: PMC6478799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma atroviride TRS25 is presented as a biological control agent, which significantly limits the development of infection and reduces the disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). The systemic disease suppression is related to oxidative, signaling, and biochemical changes, that are triggered in response to a pathogen. Induction of systemic defense in cucumber by TRS25 greatly depends on the accumulation of signaling molecules including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives including methyl salicylate (MeSA) and octyl salicylate (OSA). The study established that NO was accumulated in leaves and shoots of the cucumber plants, especially those pretreated with Trichoderma and inoculated with R. solani, where the compound was accumulated mainly in the cells localized in the vascular bundles and in epidermal tissues. We suggest, for the first time, that in the plants pretreated with TRS25, the accumulation of H2O2 and NO may be related to catalase (CAT) and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity decrease. On the other hand, excessive accumulation of NO and SA may be controlled by forming their inactive forms, S-nitrosothiols (SNO) and salicylic acid glucosylated conjugates (SAGC), respectively. The obtained results suggest that the mentioned molecules may be an important component of the complex signaling network activated by TRS25, which is positively involved in systemic defense responses of cucumber plants against R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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McNeece BT, Sharma K, Lawrence GW, Lawrence KS, Klink VP. The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family functions as a cohort during the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:25-41. [PMID: 30711881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important signal transduction roles. However, little is known regarding how they influence the gene expression of other family members and the relationship to a biological process, including the Glycine max defense response to Heterodera glycines. Transcriptomics have identified MAPK gene expression occurring within root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic event initiated by H. glycines in the allotetraploid Glycine max. Functional analyses are presented for its 32 MAPKs revealing 9 have a defense role, including homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK (MPK) MPK2, MPK3, MPK4, MPK5, MPK6, MPK13, MPK16 and MPK20. Defense signaling occurring through pathogen activated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) have been determined in relation to these MAPKs. Five different types of gene expression relate to MAPK expression, influencing PTI and ETI gene expression and proven defense genes including an ABC-G transporter, 20S membrane fusion particle components, glycoside biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, hemicellulose modification, transcription and secretion. The experiments show MAPKs broadly influence defense MAPK gene expression, including the co-regulation of parologous MAPKs and reveal its relationship to proven defense genes. The experiments reveal each defense MAPK induces the expression of a G. max homolog of a PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1), itself shown to function in defense in the studied pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant T McNeece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Gary W Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kathy S Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Vincent P Klink
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Vezzulli S, Malacarne G, Masuero D, Vecchione A, Dolzani C, Goremykin V, Mehari ZH, Banchi E, Velasco R, Stefanini M, Vrhovsek U, Zulini L, Franceschi P, Moser C. The Rpv3-3 Haplotype and Stilbenoid Induction Mediate Downy Mildew Resistance in a Grapevine Interspecific Population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:234. [PMID: 30894868 PMCID: PMC6414455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of new resistant varieties to the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk.& Curt) is a promising way to combat downy mildew (DM), one of the major diseases threatening the cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Taking advantage of a segregating population derived from "Merzling" (a mid-resistant hybrid) and "Teroldego" (a susceptible landrace), 136 F1 individuals were characterized by combining genetic, phenotypic, and gene expression data to elucidate the genetic basis of DM resistance and polyphenol biosynthesis upon P. viticola infection. An improved consensus linkage map was obtained by scoring 192 microsatellite markers. The progeny were screened for DM resistance and production of 42 polyphenols. QTL mapping showed that DM resistance is associated with the herein named Rpv3-3 specific haplotype and it identified 46 novel metabolic QTLs linked to 30 phenolics-related parameters. A list of the 95 most relevant candidate genes was generated by specifically exploring the stilbenoid-associated QTLs. Expression analysis of 11 genes in Rpv3-3 +/- genotypes displaying disparity in DM resistance level and stilbenoid accumulation revealed significant new candidates for the genetic control of stilbenoid biosynthesis and oligomerization. These overall findings emphasized that DM resistance is likely mediated by the major Rpv3-3 haplotype and stilbenoid induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antonella Vecchione
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chiara Dolzani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Vadim Goremykin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Zeraye Haile Mehari
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elisa Banchi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Yuan M, Huang Y, Ge W, Jia Z, Song S, Zhang L, Huang Y. Involvement of jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathways behind the systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum H9 in cucumber. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:144. [PMID: 30777003 PMCID: PMC6379975 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for many plant pathogens, thus the mechanism of Trichoderma-induced plant resistance is not fully understood. In this study, a novel Trichoderma strain was identified, which could promote plant growth and reduce the disease index of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in cucumber. To assess the impact of Trichoderma inoculation on the plant response, a multi-omics approach was performed in the Trichoderma-inoculated cucumber plants through the analyses of the plant transcriptome, proteome, and phytohormone content. Results A novel Trichoderma strain was identified by morphological and molecular analysis, here named T. longibrachiatum H9. Inoculation of T. longibrachiatum H9 to cucumber roots promoted plant growth in terms of root length, plant height, and fresh weight. Root colonization of T. longibrachiatum H9 in the outer layer of epidermis significantly inhibited the foliar pathogen B. cinerea infection in cucumber. The plant transcriptome and proteome analyses indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in cucumber plants 96 h post T. longibrachiatum H9 inoculation. Up-regulated DEGs and DEPs were mainly associated with defense/stress processes, secondary metabolism, and phytohormone synthesis and signaling, including jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), in the T. longibrachiatum H9-inoculated cucumber plants in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, the JA and SA contents significantly increased in cucumber plants with T. longibrachiatum H9 inoculation. Conclusions Application of T. longibrachiatum H9 to the roots of cucumber plants effectively promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the disease index of gray mold caused by B. cinerea. The analyses of the plant transcriptome, proteome and phytohormone content demonstrated that T. longibrachiatum H9 mediated plant systemic resistance to B. cinerea challenge through the activation of signaling pathways associated with the phytohormones JA/ET and SA in cucumber. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5513-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Ge
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Huang
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050081, People's Republic of China.
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Enebe MC, Babalola OO. The impact of microbes in the orchestration of plants' resistance to biotic stress: a disease management approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9-25. [PMID: 30315353 PMCID: PMC6311197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The struggle for survival is a natural and a continuous process. Microbes are struggling to survive by depending on plants for their nutrition while plants on the other hand are resisting the attack of microbes in order to survive. This interaction is a tug of war and the knowledge of microbe-plant relationship will enable farmers/agriculturists improve crop health, yield, sustain regular food supply, and minimize the use of agrochemicals such as fungicides and pesticides in the fight against plant pathogens. Although, these chemicals are capable of inhibiting pathogens, they also constitute an environmental hazard. However, certain microbes known as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) aid in the sensitization and priming of the plant immune defense arsenal for it to conquer invading pathogens. PGPM perform this function by the production of elicitors such as volatile organic compounds, antimicrobials, and/or through competition. These elicitors are capable of inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in plants through induced systemic resistance or acquired systemic resistance channels. This review discusses the current findings on the influence and participation of microbes in plants' resistance to biotic stress and to suggest integrative approach as a better practice in disease management and control for the achievement of sustainable environment, agriculture, and increasing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chekwube Enebe
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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Manganiello G, Sacco A, Ercolano MR, Vinale F, Lanzuise S, Pascale A, Napolitano M, Lombardi N, Lorito M, Woo SL. Modulation of Tomato Response to Rhizoctonia solani by Trichoderma harzianum and Its Secondary Metabolite Harzianic Acid. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1966. [PMID: 30233507 PMCID: PMC6127634 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes elicited in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) following treatments with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum strain M10 or its purified secondary metabolite harzianic acid (HA), in the presence or the absence of the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Transcriptomic analysis allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that play a pivotal role in resistance to biotic stress. Overall, the results support the ability of T. harzianum M10 to activate defense responses in infected tomato plants. An induction of hormone-mediated signaling was observed, as shown by the up-regulation of genes involved in the ethylene and jasmonate (ET/JA) and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signaling pathways. Further, the protective action of T. harzianum on the host was revealed by the over-expression of genes able to detoxify cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, HA treatment also stimulated tomato response to the pathogen by inducing the expression of several genes involved in defense response (including protease inhibitors, resistance proteins like CC-NBS-LRR) and hormone interplay. The accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids in the plant after treatments with either T. harzianum or HA, as determined by metabolomic analysis, confirmed the complexity of the plant response to beneficial microbes, demonstrating that these microorganisms are also capable of activating the chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Manganiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Adriana Sacco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Maria R. Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzuise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Alberto Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mauro Napolitano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan L. Woo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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