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Tamayo N, Wareham H, Franken MC, McKean C, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. Bidirectional associations between mental health problems and language ability across 8 years of childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:787-797. [PMID: 37010646 PMCID: PMC10894104 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Research examining the development of behavior, emotions and language, and their intertwining is limited as only few studies had a longitudinal design, mostly with a short follow-up period. Moreover, most studies did not evaluate whether internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms are independently associated with language ability. This study examines bidirectional associations between internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability in childhood in a large, population-based cohort. Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a cohort of children in the United Kingdom followed from birth to 11 years (n = 10,878; 50.7% boys), were analyzed. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were based on parent reports. Language ability (higher scores reflecting poorer ability) was assessed by trained interviewers at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. Structural Equation Models (SEM) were performed, including random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM). Internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability were stable over time and co-occur with each other from early life onwards. Over time, externalizing symptoms in early childhood were associated with less growth in language skills and with increases in internalizing symptoms. In late childhood, language ability was negatively associated with later internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The early start, co-occurrence and persistent nature of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and (poorer) language ability highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments in young children who present problems in one of these domains. Specifically, among children in the early grades of elementary school, those with language difficulties may benefit from careful monitoring as they are more likely to develop difficulties in behavior and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tamayo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Wareham
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Franken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina McKean
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Blok E, Lamballais S, Benítez-Manzanas L, White T. Stage 2 Registered Report: The Bidirectional Relationship Between Brain Features and the Dysregulation Profile: A Longitudinal, Multimodal Approach. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1363-1375. [PMID: 37339753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth with symptoms of emotion dysregulation are at risk for a multitude of psychiatric diagnoses later in life. However, few studies have focused on the underlying neurobiology of emotion dysregulation. This study assessed the bidirectional relationship between emotion dysregulation symptoms and brain morphology throughout childhood and adolescence. METHOD A combined total of 8,235 children and adolescents drawn from 2 large population-based cohorts, the Generation R Study and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, were included. Data were acquired in 3 waves in Generation R (mean [SD] age = 7.8 [1.0] wave 1 [W1]; 10.1 [0.6] W2; 13.9 [0.5] W3) and in 2 waves in ABCD (mean [SD] age = 9.9 [0.6] W1; 11.9 [0.6] W2). Cross-lagged panel models were used to determine the bidirectional relationships between emotion dysregulation symptoms and brain morphology. The study was preregistered before performing analyses. RESULTS In the Generation R sample, emotion dysregulation symptoms at W1 preceded lower hippocampal (β = -.07, SE = 0.03, p = .017) and temporal pole (β = -.19, SE = 0.07, p = .006) volumes at W2. Emotion dysregulation symptoms at W2 preceded lower fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus (β = -.11, SE = 0.05, p = .017) and corticospinal tract (β = -.12, SE = 0.05, p = .012). In the ABCD sample, emotion dysregulation symptoms preceded posterior cingulate (β = .01, SE = 0.003, p = .014) and nucleus accumbens volumes (left hemisphere: β = -.02, SE = 0.01, p = .014; right hemisphere: β = -.02, SE = 0.01, p = .003). CONCLUSION In population-based samples, with relatively low psychopathology symptoms in the majority of children, symptoms of emotion dysregulation can precede differential development of brain morphology. This provides the foundation for future work to assess to what extent optimal brain development can be promoted through early intervention. STUDY REGISTRATION INFORMATION The Bidirectional Relationship Between Brain Features and the Dysregulation Profile: A Longitudinal, Multimodal Approach; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.008. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Blok
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laia Benítez-Manzanas
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Dremmen MHG, Papp D, Hernandez-Tamames JA, Vernooij MW, White T. The Influence of Nonaerated Paranasal Sinuses on DTI Parameters of the Brain in 6- to 9-Year-Old Children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1318-1324. [PMID: 37918939 PMCID: PMC10631535 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DTI is prone to susceptibility artifacts. Air in the paranasal sinuses can cause field inhomogeneity, thus affecting measurements. Children often have mucus in their sinuses or no pneumatization of them. This study investigated the influence of lack of air in the paranasal sinuses on measurements of WM diffusion characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam (the Netherlands). Brain MR imaging studies (1070 children, 6-9 years of age) were evaluated for mucosal thickening of the paranasal sinuses. Nonaeration of the paranasal sinuses (modified Lund-Mackay score) was compared with that in a randomly selected control group. The relationship between nonaerated paranasal sinuses and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the DTI fiber tracts was evaluated using ANCOVA and independent t tests. RESULTS The prevalence of mucosal thickening was 10.2% (109/1070). The mean modified Lund-Mackay score was 6.87 (SD, 3.76). In 52.3% (57/109), ≥ 1 paranasal sinus was not pneumatized. The results are reported in effect sizes (Cohen's d). Lower mean fractional anisotropy values were found in the uncinate fasciculus (right uncinate fasciculus/right frontal sinus, d = -0.60), superior longitudinal fasciculus (right superior longitudinal fasciculus/right ethmoid sinus, d = -0.56; right superior longitudinal fasciculus/right sphenoid sinus, d = -2.09), and cingulate bundle (right cingulum bundle/right sphenoid sinus, d = -1.28; left cingulum bundle/left sphenoid sinus, d = -1.49). Higher mean diffusivity values were found in the forceps major/right and left sphenoid sinuses, d = 0.78. CONCLUSIONS Nonaeration of the paranasal sinuses is a common incidental finding on pediatric MR imaging brain scans. The amount of air in the paranasal sinuses can influence fractional anisotropy and, to a lesser degree, mean diffusivity values of WM tracts and should be considered in DTI studies in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein H G Dremmen
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.H.G.D., D.P., J.A.H.-T., M.W.V., T.W.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group (M.H.G.D.), Erasmus Medical Center Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorottya Papp
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.H.G.D., D.P., J.A.H.-T., M.W.V., T.W.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan A Hernandez-Tamames
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.H.G.D., D.P., J.A.H.-T., M.W.V., T.W.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.H.G.D., D.P., J.A.H.-T., M.W.V., T.W.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.H.G.D., D.P., J.A.H.-T., M.W.V., T.W.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (T.W.), Erasmus Medical Center Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section on Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience (T.W.), National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Fang Z, Lachman JM, Qiao D, Barlow J. Controlled Trial of a Short-term Intensive Parent Training Program within the Context of Routine Services for Autistic Children in China. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION 2022; 31:121-131. [PMID: 37360058 PMCID: PMC10268554 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent systematic reviews found limited rigorous research conducted to date of the effectiveness of parent training programs in reducing behavioral problems for autistic children in low- and middle-income countries. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a short-term intensive parent training program for autistic children aged three to six in the context of routine service provision in China. A quasi-experiment was conducted involving the local implementing organization and using a waitlist control. Data were collected at baseline and immediate post-intervention. The primary outcome was child behavioral problems measured using the Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing scale. Between-group comparisons used a difference-in-differences design with propensity score weighting to reduce sources of bias. A process evaluation was undertaken in parallel to assess participant involvement, program acceptability, and delivery. The protocol was prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04257331). The final sample size was 111 (treatment: 63; comparison: 48). Results suggest that the program was associated with improvements in child externalizing behaviors (b = -2.71, 95% CI [-5.23, -0.18]), parental mental health symptoms (b = -5.96, 95% CI [-11.74, -0.17]), over-reactive parenting (b = -0.63, 95% CI [-0.98, -0.27]), and parental knowledge (b = 2.08, 95% CI [2.07, 2.17]). Exploratory analysis of factors related to implementation indicated that baseline parental mental health was related to participant engagement, and that satisfaction and engagement levels were potentially linked to positive treatment effects. Findings suggest that short-term intensive parent training programs that are provided by trained non-specialists, could potentially be used as an alternative to traditional prohibitively costly services that are delivered intensively for consecutive years in low-resource contexts. Follow-ups are needed to investigate its long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Fang
- Beijing Normal UniversitySchool of Social Development and Public PolicyRepublic of ChinaSchool of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, People’s Republic of China;
| | - Jamie M. Lachman
- University of OxfordDepartment of Social Policy and InterventionUnited KingdomDepartment of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dongping Qiao
- Beijing Normal UniversitySchool of Social Development and Public PolicyRepublic of ChinaSchool of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, People’s Republic of China;
| | - Jane Barlow
- University of OxfordDepartment of Social Policy and InterventionUnited KingdomDepartment of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:926-940. [PMID: 35249585 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future. In this study, we included 13,841 children and adolescents drawn from two large population-based samples (Generation R and ABCD studies). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between three psychopathology domains (internalizing, externalizing, dysregulation profile (DP)) and four cognitive domains (vocabulary, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and the full-scale intelligence quotient. Lastly, differential associations between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive performance by sex were assessed. Results indicated that internalizing symptoms were related to worse performance in working memory and processing speed, but better performance in the verbal domain. Externalizing and DP symptoms were related to poorer global cognitive performance. Notably, those in the DP subgroup had a 5.0 point lower IQ than those without behavioral problems. Cognitive performance was more heavily affected in boys than in girls given comparable levels of psychopathology. Taken together, we provide evidence for globally worse cognitive performance in children and adolescents with externalizing and DP symptoms, with those in the DP subgroup being most heavily affected.
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Blok E, Geenjaar EPT, Geenjaar EAW, Calhoun VD, White T. Neurodevelopmental Trajectories in Children With Internalizing, Externalizing and Emotion Dysregulation Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846201. [PMID: 35370828 PMCID: PMC8974911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain and behavioral development. However, it is not yet clear how and when deviations from typical brain development are related to broad domains of psychopathology. METHODS Using three waves of neuroimaging data within the population-based Generation R Study sample, spanning a total age range of 6-16 years, we applied normative modeling to establish typical development curves for (sub-)cortical volume in 37 brain regions, and cortical thickness in 32 brain regions. Z-scores representing deviations from typical development were extracted and related to internalizing, externalizing and dysregulation profile (DP) symptoms. RESULTS Normative modeling showed regional differences in developmental trajectories. Psychopathology symptoms were related to negative deviations from typical development for cortical volume in widespread regions of the cortex and subcortex, and to positive deviations from typical development for cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal, frontal pole, pericalcarine and posterior cingulate regions of the cortex. DISCUSSION Taken together, this study charts developmental curves across the cerebrum for (sub-)cortical volume and cortical thickness. Our findings show that psychopathology symptoms, are associated with widespread differences in brain development, in which those with DP symptoms are most heavily affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eloy P T Geenjaar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eloïse A W Geenjaar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Agcaoglu O, Muetzel RL, Rashid B, White T, Tiemeier H, Calhoun VD. Lateralization of Resting-State Networks in Children: Association with Age, Sex, Handedness, Intelligence Quotient, and Behavior. Brain Connect 2021; 12:246-259. [PMID: 34102875 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lateralization in brain function has been associated with age and sex in previous work; however, there has been less focus on lateralization of functional networks during development. Aim: We aim to examine laterality in typical development; a clearer understanding of how and to what extent functional brain networks are lateralized in typical development may eventually prove to hold predictive information in psychopathology. Material and Methods: In this study, we examine the lateralization of resting-state networks assessed with a group-independent component analysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from a large cohort consisting of 774 children, ages 6-10 years. This is an extension of our previous work on normal aging in adults, where we now assess whether there are similar patterns in children. Results: Unlike the results from our study of healthy aging in adults, which showed a decrease in laterality with increasing age, in this study we found both decreases and increases in lateralization in multiple networks with development. For example, auditory and sensorimotor regions had greater bilateral connectivity with development, whereas regions including the dorsolateral frontal cortex (Brodmann area left 9 and left 46) showed an increase in left lateralization with development. Conclusion: Our findings support a complex, nonlinear association between laterality and age in school-age children, a time when brain function and structure are developing rapidly. We also found brain networks in which laterality was significantly associated with sex, handedness, and intelligence quotient, but we did not find any significant association with behavioral scores. Impact statement Lateralization in brain function has been associated with age and sex in several previous studies; however, there has been less focus on lateralization of functional networks during development. A clearer understanding of how and to what extent functional brain networks are lateralized in typical development may eventually prove to hold predictive information in psychopathology. In this study, we examine the lateralization of resting-state networks assessed with a group-independent component analysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from a large cohort consisting of 774 children, ages 6-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barnaly Rashid
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Abstract
This article highlights the breadth of measures available for measuring emotion dysregulation, or facets thereof, in children and adolescents, and reviews in detail a subset of these measures. We describe broadband measures and measures that are specific to emotion dysregulation, including observational tools, clinical interviews, and rating scales. Furthermore, we discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and psychometric properties of each approach and specific contexts or populations in which certain methods may be particularly useful. Finally, recommendations for thorough assessment of emotion dysregulation in future studies are provided.
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Abstract
Variation in the klotho gene is linked to differences in health outcomes: klotho allele KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with longevity, better cognition and greater right frontal grey matter volume in late life. Contradicting reports, however, suggest that KL-VS’s effect on health might be age-dependent. Here we examine the relationship between KL-VS genotype, cognition and brain structure in childhood and adolescence. We hypothesized that KL-VS has early influences on cognitive and brain development. We investigated the associations of KL-VS carrier status with cognition and brain morphology in a cohort of 1387 children and adolescents aged 3–21 years, examining main effects and interactions between age, sex and socioeconomic circumstance. KL-VS had no main effect on either cognition or brain structure, though there was a significant KL-VS × age interaction for cognition (specifically executive function, attention, episodic memory, and general cognition), total grey matter and total brain volume. KL-VS heterozygotes had better cognition than non-carriers before age 11, but lower cognition after age 11. Heterozygotes had smaller brains than non-carriers did in early childhood. Sex moderated the association between KL-VS and white matter volume. Among girls, KL-VS heterozygotes had smaller white matter volumes than non-carriers. Among boys, heterozygotes had greater white matter volumes than non-carriers. However, a replication in a cohort of 2306 children aged 6–12 years showed no significant associations. In contrast to findings in late life, these results show that KL-VS does not have a main effect on cognition and brain structure. Furthermore, KL-VS’s influence may depend on age and sex.
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Vinueza-Veloz MF, Martín-Román C, Robalino-Valdivieso MP, White T, Kushner SA, De Zeeuw CI. Genetic risk for Alzheimer disease in children: Evidence from early-life IQ and brain white-matter microstructure. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12656. [PMID: 32383552 PMCID: PMC7507145 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the genetic risk for late‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is linked to premorbid individual differences in general cognitive ability and brain structure. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the genetic risk of late‐onset AD is related to premorbid individual differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) and characteristics of the cerebral white‐matter in children. The study sample included children of the Generation R Study from Rotterdam, The Netherlands. IQ was measured using a well‐validated Dutch nonverbal IQ test (n = 1908) at ages 5 to 9 years. White‐matter microstructure was assessed by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) of white‐matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (n = 919) at ages 9 to 12 years. Genetic risk was quantified using three biologically defined genetic risk scores (GRSs) hypothesized to be related to the pathophysiology of late‐onset AD: immune response, cholesterol/lipid metabolism and endocytosis. Higher genetic risk for late‐onset AD that included genes associated with immune responsivity had a negative influence on cognition and cerebral white‐matter microstructure. For each unit increase in the immune response GRS, IQ decreased by 0.259 SD (95% CI [−0.500, −0.017]). For each unit increase in the immune response GRS, global FA decreased by 0.373 SD (95% CI [−0.721, −0.026]). Neither cholesterol/lipid metabolism nor endocytosis GRSs were associated with IQ or cerebral white‐matter microstructure. Our findings suggest that elevated genetic risk for late‐onset AD may in part be manifest during childhood neurodevelopment through alterations in immune responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Vinueza-Veloz
- School of Medicine, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Martín-Román
- Leiden Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, United States of America, United States of America
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Bolhuis K, Muetzel RL, Stringaris A, Hudziak JJ, Jaddoe VWV, Hillegers MHJ, White T, Kushner SA, Tiemeier H. Structural Brain Connectivity in Childhood Disruptive Behavior Problems: A Multidimensional Approach. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:336-344. [PMID: 30119874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of white matter connectivity in children with disruptive behavior have yielded inconsistent results, possibly owing to the trait's heterogeneity, which comprises diverse symptoms like physical aggression, irritability, and delinquency. This study examined associations of global and specific white matter connectivity with childhood disruptive behavior problems, while accounting for their complex multidimensionality. METHODS In a large cross-sectional population-based study of 10-year-old preadolescents (n = 2567), we assessed four previously described empirically derived dimensions of disruptive behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist: physical aggression, irritability, disobedient behavior, and delinquent behavior. Global and specific white matter microstructure was assessed by diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS Global fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were not associated with broad measures of disruptive behavior, e.g., Child Behavior Checklist externalizing problems scale. Global fractional anisotropy was negatively associated with delinquent behavior (β = -.123, pfalse discovery rate adjusted = .028) and global mean diffusivity was positively associated with delinquent behavior (β = .205, pfalse discovery rate adjusted < 0.001), suggesting reduced white matter microstructure in preadolescents with higher levels of delinquent behavior. Lower white matter microstructure in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, and uncinate underlie these associations. Global white matter microstructure was not associated with physical aggression, irritability, or disobedient behavior. CONCLUSIONS Delinquent behavior, a severe manifestation of childhood disruptive behavior, was associated with lower white matter microstructure in tracts connecting frontal and temporal lobes. These brain regions are involved in decision making, reward processing, and emotion regulation. This study demonstrated that incorporating the multidimensional nature of childhood disruptive behavior traits shows promise in advancing the search for elucidating neurobiological correlates of disruptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain & Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth and Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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12
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Dremmen MHG, Bouhuis RH, Blanken LME, Muetzel RL, Vernooij MW, Marroun HE, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:340-346. [PMID: 30679220 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cavum septum pellucidum, a cavity filled with CSF, is localized between the 2 lateral ventricles of the brain. The cavum is present in all neonates, but it typically closes within 5 months after birth. In some cases, this closure does not occur and a persistent or enlarged cavum septum pellucidum has been linked, in some studies, to psychiatric disorders. However, the clinical relevance in the general population is unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between the cavum septum pellucidum and volumes of brain structures, cognitive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. MR imaging studies of 1070 children, 6-10 years of age, were systematically evaluated for the presence and length of a persistent cavum septum pellucidum. An enlarged cavum septum pellucidum was defined as a cavum length of ≥6 mm. Groups without, with persistent, and with enlarged cavum septi pellucidi were compared for brain structure volumes, nonverbal intelligence, and emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS The prevalence of cavum septi pellucidi in our sample was 4.6%. Children with an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum had a larger corpus callosum, greater thalamic and total white matter-to-total brain volume ratio, and smaller lateral ventricle volumes. We did not find a relationship between cavum septi pellucidi and cognitive function or emotional and behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS The cavum septum pellucidum is a normal structural brain variation without clinical implications in this population-based sample of school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H G Dremmen
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
| | - R H Bouhuis
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
| | - L M E Blanken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R L Muetzel
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Vernooij
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
| | - H E Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
- Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (F.C.V.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Harvard School of Public Health (H.T.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T White
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
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13
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Muetzel RL, Mulder RH, Lamballais S, Cortes Hidalgo AP, Jansen P, Güroğlu B, Vernooiji MW, Hillegers M, White T, El Marroun H, Tiemeier H. Frequent Bullying Involvement and Brain Morphology in Children. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31607968 PMCID: PMC6771170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past few decades, bullying has been recognized as a considerable public health concern. Involvement in bullying is associated with poor long-term social and psychiatric outcomes for both perpetrators and targets of bullying. Despite this concerning prognosis, few studies have investigated possible neurobiological correlates of bullying involvement that may explain the long-term impact of bullying. Cortical thickness is ideally suited for examining deviations in typical brain development, as it has been shown to detect subtle differences in children with psychopathology. We tested associations between bullying involvement and cortical thickness using a large, population-based cohort. Methods: The study sample consisted of 2,602 participants from the Generation R Study. When children were 8 years old, parents and teachers reported on common forms of child bullying involvement (physical, verbal, and relational). Questions ascertained whether a child was involved as a perpetrator (n = 82), a target of bullying (n = 92), as a combined perpetrator and target of bullying (n = 47), or uninvolved in frequent bullying (n = 2,381). High-resolution structural MRI was conducted when children were 10 years of age. Cortical thickness estimates across the cortical mantle were compared among groups. Results: Children classified as frequent targets of bullying showed thicker cortex in the fusiform gyrus compared to those uninvolved in bullying (B = 0.108, p corrected < 0.001). Results remained consistent when adjusted for socioeconomic factors, general intelligence, and psychiatric symptoms. Children classified as frequent perpetrators showed thinner cortex in the cuneus region; however, this association did not survive stringent correction for multiple testing. Lastly, no differences in cortical thickness were observed in perpetrator-targets. Discussion: Bullying involvement in young children was associated with differential cortical morphology. Specifically, the fusiform gyrus, often involved in facial processing, showed thicker cortex in targets of frequent bullying. Longitudinal data are necessary to demonstrate the temporality of the underlying neurobiology associated with bullying involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosa H Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrea P Cortes Hidalgo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooiji
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,The Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Cortes Hidalgo AP, Neumann A, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Jaddoe VWV, Rijlaarsdam J, Verhulst FC, White T, van IJzendoorn MH, Tiemeier H. Prenatal Maternal Stress and Child IQ. Child Dev 2018; 91:347-365. [PMID: 30376186 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for negative influences of maternal stress during pregnancy on child cognition remains inconclusive. This study tested the association between maternal prenatal stress and child intelligence in 4,251 mother-child dyads from a multiethnic population-based cohort in the Netherlands. A latent factor of prenatal stress was constructed, and child IQ was tested at age 6 years. In Dutch and Caribbean participants, prenatal stress was not associated with child IQ after adjustment for maternal IQ and socioeconomic status. In other ethnicities no association was found; only in the Moroccan/Turkish group a small negative association between prenatal stress and child IQ was observed. These results suggest that prenatal stress does not predict child IQ, except in children from less acculturated minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tonya White
- Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam
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15
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Kim JI, Shin MS, Lee Y, Lee H, Yoo HJ, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim SJ, Kim BN. Reliability and Validity of a New Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Challenging Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:54-61. [PMID: 29422926 PMCID: PMC5795031 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2018.15.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean Comprehensive Scale for the Assessment of Challenging Behavior in Developmental Disorders (K-CSCB). METHODS In total, the parents of 189 patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 168 controls completed the K-CSCB, the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The reliability and validity of the K-CSCB was investigated. RESULTS The K-CSCB was found to be a reliable instrument (Cronbach's α=0.97). There was a significant difference between the ASD and control groups in all subscale scores. Scores on the K-CSCB subscales were significantly correlated with those on the BPI and CBCL. The diagnostic validity was 97.7%, and the cut-off score with the highest sensitivity and specificity was 12.5 points. CONCLUSION The K-CSCB is the first tool in Korean to assess problematic behavior in individuals with ASD, and this study shows that it is a valid and reliable instrument. We expect the K-CSCB to be widely used in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsun Lee
- Department of Education, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Department of Education, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Seoultop Psychiatric Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Marquis WA, Noroña AN, Baker BL. Developmental delay and emotion dysregulation: Predicting parent-child conflict across early to middle childhood. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2017; 31:327-335. [PMID: 28054804 PMCID: PMC5378638 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative risk research has increased understanding of how multiple risk factors impact various socioemotional and interpersonal outcomes across the life span. However, little is known about risk factors for parent-child conflict early in development, where identifying predictors of change could be highly salient for intervention. Given their established association with parent-child conflict, child developmental delay (DD) and emotion dysregulation were examined as predictors of change in conflict across early to middle childhood (ages 3 to 7 years). Participants (n = 211) were part of a longitudinal study examining the development of psychopathology in children with or without DD. Level of parent-child conflict was derived from naturalistic home observations, whereas child dysregulation was measured using an adapted CBCL-Emotion Dysregulation Index. PROCESS was used to examine the conditional interactive effects of delay status (typically developing, DD) and dysregulation on change in conflict from child ages 3 to 5 and 5 to 7 years. Across both of these timeframes, parent-child conflict increased only for families of children with both DD and high dysregulation, providing support for an interactive risk model of parent-child conflict. Findings are considered in the context of developmental transitions, and implications for intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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17
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Mous SE, White T, Muetzel RL, El Marroun H, Rijlaarsdam J, Polderman TJ, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Posthuma D, Tiemeier H. Cortical morphology as a shared neurobiological substrate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and executive functioning: a population-based pediatric neuroimaging study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:103-112. [PMID: 27673503 PMCID: PMC5373699 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms have repeatedly been associated with poor cognitive functioning. Genetic studies have demonstrated a shared etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive ability, suggesting a common underlying neurobiology of ADHD and cognition. Further, neuroimaging studies suggest that altered cortical development is related to ADHD. In a large population-based sample we investigated whether cortical morphology, as a potential neurobiological substrate, underlies the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and cognitive problems. METHODS The sample consisted of school-aged children with data on attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, cognitive functioning and structural imaging. First, we investigated the association between attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms and different domains of cognition. Next, we identified cortical correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and related cognitive domains. Finally, we studied the role of cortical thickness and gyrification in the behaviour-cognition associations. RESULTS We included 776 children in our analyses. We found that attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms were associated specifically with problems in attention and executive functioning (EF; b = -0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.07 to -0.01, p = 0.004). Cortical thickness and gyrification were associated with both attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF in brain regions that have been previously implicated in ADHD. This partly explained the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF (bindirect = -0.008, bias-corrected 95% CI -0.018 to -0.001). LIMITATIONS The nature of our study did not allow us to draw inferences regarding temporal associations; longitudinal studies are needed for clarification. CONCLUSION In a large, population-based sample of children, we identified a shared cortical morphology underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Correspondence to: H. Tiemeier, Erasmus MC, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2818, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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18
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Blanken LME, White T, Mous SE, Basten M, Muetzel RL, Jaddoe VWV, Wals M, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Cognitive functioning in children with internalising, externalising and dysregulation problems: a population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:445-456. [PMID: 27645702 PMCID: PMC5364260 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms in childhood are closely related to neurocognitive deficits. However, it is unclear whether internalising and externalising symptoms are associated with general or distinct cognitive problems. We examined the relation between different types of psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive functioning in a population-based sample of 1177 school-aged children. Internalising and externalising behaviour was studied both continuously and categorically. For continuous, variable-centred analyses, broadband scores of internalising and externalising symptoms were used. However, these measures are strongly correlated, which may prevent identification of distinct cognitive patterns. To distinguish groups of children with relatively homogeneous symptom patterns, a latent profile analysis of symptoms at age 6 yielded four exclusive groups of children: a class of children with predominantly internalising symptoms, a class with externalising symptoms, a class with co-occurring internalising and externalising symptoms, that resembles the CBCL dysregulation profile and a class with no problems. Five domains of neurocognitive ability were tested: attention/executive functioning, language, memory and learning, sensorimotor functioning, and visuospatial processing. Consistently, these two different modelling approaches demonstrated that children with internalising and externalising symptoms show distinct cognitive profiles. Children with more externalising symptoms performed lower in the attention/executive functioning domain, while children with more internalising symptoms showed impairment in verbal fluency and memory. In the most severely affected class of children with internalising and externalising symptoms, we found specific impairment in the sensorimotor domain. This study illustrates the specific interrelation of internalising and externalising symptoms and cognition in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M E Blanken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Mous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Basten
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, room Na-2818, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Wals
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, room Na-2818, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Mous SE, Schoemaker NK, Blanken LME, Thijssen S, van der Ende J, Polderman TJC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. The association of gender, age, and intelligence with neuropsychological functioning in young typically developing children: The Generation R study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2016; 6:22-40. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1067214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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The Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile in Preschool Children: A Broad Dysregulation Syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:595-602.e2. [PMID: 26088665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with concurrent impairments in regulating affect, behavior, and cognition can be identified with the Anxious/Depressed, Aggressive Behavior, and Attention Problems scales (or AAA scales) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Jointly, these scales form the Dysregulation Profile (DP). Despite persuasive evidence that DP is a marker for severe developmental problems, no consensus exists on the preferred conceptualization and operationalization of DP in preschool years. We addressed this concern by testing and validating the factor structure of DP in a group of predominantly clinically referred preschool children. METHOD Participants were 247 children (195 boys and 52 girls), aged 3.5 to 5.5 years. Children were assessed at baseline and 18 months later, using parent and teacher reports, a clinical interview with parents, behavioral observations, and neuropsychological tasks. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a bifactor model, with a general DP factor and 3 specific factors representing the AAA scales, fitted the data better than a second-order model and a one-factor model for both parent-reported and teacher-reported child problem behavior. Criterion validity analyses showed that the DP factor was concurrently and longitudinally associated with markers of dysregulation and clinically relevant criteria, whereas the specific factors representing the AAA scales were more differentially related to those criteria. CONCLUSION DP is best conceptualized as a broad syndrome of dysregulation that exists in addition to the specific syndromes as represented by the AAA scales. Implications for researchers and clinicians are discussed.
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21
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Muetzel RL, Mous SE, van der Ende J, Blanken LME, van der Lugt A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. White matter integrity and cognitive performance in school-age children: A population-based neuroimaging study. Neuroimage 2015; 119:119-28. [PMID: 26067345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Child and adolescent brain development are typically accompanied by marked improvements in a wide range of cognitive abilities. However, limited information is available surrounding the role of white matter in shaping cognitive abilities in children. The current study examined associations between white matter microstructure and cognitive performance in a large sample (n=778) of 6- to 10-year-old children. Results show white matter microstructure is related to non-verbal intelligence and to visuospatial ability, independent of age. Specificity was demonstrated, as white matter associations with visuospatial ability were independent of general intellectual ability. Associations between white matter integrity and cognition were similar in boys and girls. In summary, results demonstrate white matter structure-function associations are present in children, independent of age and broader cognitive abilities. The presence of such associations in the general population is informative for studies examining child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Muetzel
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Mous
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rijlaarsdam J, Stevens GWJM, van der Ende J, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Prevalence of DSM-IV disorders in a population-based sample of 5- to 8-year-old children: the impact of impairment criteria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1339-48. [PMID: 25715995 PMCID: PMC4628613 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the impact of impairment criteria on the prevalence and patterns of comorbidity of child DSM-IV disorders. The validity of these impairment criteria was tested against different measures of mental health care referral and utilization. We interviewed parents of 1,154 children aged 5-8 years in-depth using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, to establish DSM-IV diagnosis. These children were randomly selected or oversampled based on Child Behavior Checklist ratings from a large population-based study (N = 6,172). Referral data were extracted from the psychiatric interview as well as from a follow-up questionnaire. The results showed an overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders of 31.1 % when impairment was not considered. This rate declined to 22.9 % when mild impairment was required and declined even further, to 10.3 %, for more severe levels of impairment. Similarly, the overall comorbidity rate declined from 8.5 to 6.7 and 2.7 % when mild and severe impairment were required, respectively. Virtually all children who attained symptom thresholds for a specific disorder, and had been referred to a mental health care professional because of the associated symptoms, also had mild impairment. The requirement of severe impairment criteria significantly increased diagnostic thresholds, but for most disorders, this definition captured only half of the clinically referred cases. In conclusion, prevalence was highly dependent upon the criteria used to define impairment. If severe impairment is made a diagnostic requirement, many children with psychiatric symptoms and mild impairment seeking mental health care will be undiagnosed and possibly untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Large sample size in child and adolescent psychiatric research: the way of salvation? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:1003-4. [PMID: 25374035 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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