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Yao D, Shao J, Jia D, Sun W. Immunotoxicity of legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124511. [PMID: 38977121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) are increasingly used as alternatives for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, their immunotoxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, to assess immunotoxic effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, HFPO-DA, and PFECHS for four days. Results revealed that all four per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) resulted in decreased heart rate and spontaneous movement, and induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae. Notably, HFPO-DA exhibited more severe oxidative stress than PFOA. Immune dysfunction was observed, characterized by elevated cytokine, complement factor, nitric oxide, and neutrophil content, along with a significant decrease in lysozyme content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)/NOD-like receptor (NLR)/RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and associated downstream genes, indicating their pivotal role in PFAS-induced immunomodulation. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated stable interactions between PFAS and key receptors (TLR2, NOD2 and RIG-I). Overall, HFPO-DA and PFECHS exhibited immunotoxic effects in zebrafish larvae similar to legacy PFAS, providing important information for understanding the toxic mode of action of these emerging alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdiao Yao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Jian Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Dantong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Ouyang P, Li Q, Liu S, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Jia P, Chen D, Huang X, Geng Y. Histopathology and transcriptome profiling reveal features of immune responses in gills and intestine induced by Spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109726. [PMID: 38944254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The immune system of bony fish closely resembles that of mammals, comprising both specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) components. Notably, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) serves as the first line of defense within the non-specific immune system, playing a critical role in protecting these aquatic organisms against invading pathogens. MALT encompasses a network of immune cells strategically distributed throughout the gills and intestines, forming an integral part of the mucosal barrier that interfaces directly with the surrounding aquatic environment. Spring Viremia of Carp Virus(SVCV), a highly pathogenic agent causing substantial harm to common carp populations, has been designated as a Class 2 animal disease by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Utilizing a comprehensive array of research techniques, including Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE)、Alcian Blue Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB-PAS)、transcriptome analysis for global gene expression profiling and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), this study uncovered several key findings: SVCV is capable of compromising the mucosal architecture in the gill and intestinal tissues of carp, and stimulate the proliferation of mucous cells both in gill and intestinal tissues. Critically, the study revealed that SVCV's invasion elicits a robust response from the carp's mucosal immune system, demonstrating the organism's capacity to resist SVCV invasion despite the challenges posed by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiunan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yankai Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Quality and Standards Academy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang C, Sun Y, Wen J, Xu B, Zhu W, Zhang H, Liu X, LiChu L, Zheng H. Effects of chronic cold stress on tissue structure, antioxidant response, and key gene expression in the warm-water bivalve Chlamys nobilis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101225. [PMID: 38479276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
As ectothermic invertebrates, mollusks are regarded as good environmental indicator species for determining the adverse effects of climate change on marine organisms. In the present study, the effects of cold stress on the tissue structure, antioxidant activity, and expression levels of genes were evaluated in the warm-water noble scallop Chlamys nobilis by simulating natural seawater cooled down during winter from 17 °C to 14 °C, 12 °C, 10 °C, and 9 °C. Firstly, the gill was severely damaged at 10 °C and 9 °C, indicating that it could be used as a visually indicative organ for monitoring cold stress. The methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) content significantly increased with the temperatures decreasing, meanwhile, the antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed a similar pattern, suggesting that the scallop made a positive response. More importantly, 6179 genes related to low temperatures were constructed in a module-gene clustering heat map including 10 modules. Furthermore, three gene modules about membrane lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and molecular defense were identified. Finally, six key genes were verified, and HEATR1, HSP70B2, PI3K, and ATP6V1B were significantly upregulated, while WNT6 and SHMT were significantly downregulated under cold stress. This study provides a dynamic demonstration of the major gene pathways' response to various low-temperature stresses from a transcriptomic perspective. The findings shed light on how warm-water bivalves can tolerate cold stress and can help in breeding new strains of aquatic organisms with low-temperature resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yizhou Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiahua Wen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Boya Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenlu Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Lingshan LiChu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Research Center for Subtropical Mariculture of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Wang F, Xu J, Wang Z, Cao J, Lu Y. Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of the pearl gentian grouper to Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109590. [PMID: 38677631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi causes high mortality and severely limits grouper culture. The gut microbiota is an important biological barrier against pathogen invasion. In this study, we investigated dynamic changes in the intestinal microbial community, gene transcription and immune responses signatures of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♂ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♀) at 0, 3 and 7 days (referred to as d0, d3 and d7 groups, respectively) after infection with V. harveyi. The results demonstrated that the d7 treatment reduced the gut microbial diversity and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Notably, several putative pathogenic genera (Sphingomonas and Bacteroides) proliferated, while putative probiotic genera (Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus) reduced, and these changes in intestinal bacteria might be correlated to the alterations of host immune-related molecules. The d3 and d7 treatments also altered the histomorphology and gene transcription profiles mainly associated with immune function in intestine, such as 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'Apoptosis' and 'Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway'. Furthermore, d3 group induced a homeostatic dysregulation of the antioxidant system, cytokines and TLR signaling, with a tendency to gradually return to a normal state in d7 group, along with the apoptosis process. The pathogenic infection suppressed the expression of JNK pathway and enhanced the ERK pathway. In conclusion, the dysbiosis of the intestinal bacterial communities caused by the immune changes that occurred during V. harveyi infection disrupted the intestine health in the pearl gentian grouper. These results provided a comprehensive understandings of the immune defense mechanisms in fish and valuable references to develop disease control strategies in grouper aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Li KX, Xiong NX, Huang JF, Li SY, Ou J, Wang F, Luo SW. Tumor necrosis factor α1 decreases mucosal immune and antioxidant response in the midgut of hybrid fish (white crucian carp ♀ × red crucian carp ♂). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1899-1909. [PMID: 38509782 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α1 (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation and cellular homeostasis, but the crucial role of TNFα in fish gut remained unclear. The current study aimed to evaluate the immunoregulatory function of TNFα1 on gut barrier in a novel hybrid fish (WR), which was produced by crossing white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri, ♀) with red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var, ♂). In this study, WR-tnfα1 sequence was identified, and a high-level expression was detected in the intestine. Elevated levels of WR-tnfα1 expressions were detected in immune-related tissues and cultured fish cells on stimulation. The appearance of vacuolization and submucosal rupture was observed in TNFα1-treated midgut of WR, along with elevated levels of goblet cell atrophy, whereas no significant changes were detected in most expressions of tight-junction genes and mucin genes. In contrast, WR receiving gut perfusion with WR-TNFα1 showed a remarkable decrease in antioxidant status in midgut, whereas the expression levels of apoptotic genes and redox responsive genes increased sharply. These results suggested that TNFα1 could exhibit a detrimental effect on antioxidant defense and immune regulation in the midgut of WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Xia Xiong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Eissa ESH, Khattab MS, Elbahnaswy S, Elshopakey GE, Alamoudi MO, Aljàrari RM, Munir MB, Kari ZA, Naiel MAE. The effects of dietary Spirulina platensis or curcumin nanoparticles on performance, body chemical composition, blood biochemical, digestive enzyme, antioxidant and immune activities of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:215. [PMID: 38773537 PMCID: PMC11106962 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, prioritize has been given to using natural phytogenic or nano compounds as growth promoters and immunostimulants in fish diets as an alternative to antibiotics. AIMS The main propose of this trial was to determine the impact of supplementing diets with spirulina or curcumin nanoparticles on the performance and health indicators of Nile tilapia fingerlings. METHODS In a 56-day feeding trial, 180 tilapia fingerlings were assigned into three main groups, as follows: 1st, control group, 2nd, Spirulina platensis (SP; 5 g kg-1 diet) and 3rd, curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs; 30 mg kg-1 diet). KEY RESULTS Incorporating tilapia diets with SP or CUR-NPs significantly improved performance, body chemical analysis, blood biochemical and hematological indices, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant and immunostimulant features compared to the control. CONCLUSION Fortified tilapia diets with CUR-NPs or SP efficiently boost the productivity and health of Nile tilapia fingerlings. IMPLICATIONS The research introduces new practical solutions for applying safe feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa
- Fish Research Centre, Faculty of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Muna Omer Alamoudi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Mohamed Aljàrari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad B Munir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Sinaut Campus, Tutong, TB1741, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Zulhisyam A Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Islam SI, Mahfuj S, Baqar Z, Asadujjaman M, Islam MJ, Alsiwiehri N, Almehmadi M, Sanjida S, Ahammad F. Bacterial diseases of Asian sea bass ( Lates calcarifer): A review for health management strategies and future aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29793. [PMID: 38707314 PMCID: PMC11068540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of aquaculture has been one of the most significant shifts in world food supply during the last century. Aquaculture has rapidly expanded and become a global food industry, spurred by population expansion, increased seafood consumption, and decreased captured fisheries. Nonetheless, the exponential growth of aquaculture has emerged as a significant contributor to anthropogenic changes. Unexpectedly, the result has focused in the emergence and spread of new diseases. The Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is an economically important species in aquaculture, contributing significantly to the global seafood market. However, bacterial diseases have emerged as a major concern, affecting both wild and cultured populations of this species. The most prevalent bacterial pathogens are streptococcus, vibriosis, nocardiosis, tenacibaculosis, and pot-belly disease. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively analyze both emerging and non-emerging bacterial diseases affecting L. calcarifer and explore potential management approaches for their control. Through an extensive literature survey and critical evaluation of research findings, this review highlights the current understanding of bacterial diseases in L. calcarifer and proposes strategies for better disease management. In addition, this review looks at the rise and characteristics of aquaculture, the major bacterial pathogens of L. calcarifer and their effects, and the specific attributes of disease emergence in an aquatic rather than terrestrial context. It also considers the potential for future disease emergence in L. calcarifer due to aquaculture expansion and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Injamamul Islam
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sarower Mahfuj
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Zulqarnain Baqar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Md Asadujjaman
- Department of Aquaculture, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jakiul Islam
- Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Naif Alsiwiehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saloa Sanjida
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Parker J, Marten SM, Ó Corcora TC, Rajkov J, Dubin A, Roth O. The effects of primary and secondary bacterial exposure on the seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105136. [PMID: 38185263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations in the Syngnathidae teleost family (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons) culminated in an array of spectacular morphologies, key immune gene losses, and the enigmatic male pregnancy. In seahorses, genome modifications associated with immunoglobulins, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) pathway components raise questions concerning their immunological efficiency and the evolution of compensatory measures that may act in their place. In this investigation heat-killed bacteria (Vibrio aestuarianus and Tenacibaculum maritimum) were used in a two-phased experiment to assess the immune response dynamics of Hippocampus erectus. Gill transcriptomes from double and single-exposed individuals were analysed in order to determine the differentially expressed genes contributing to immune system responses towards immune priming. Double-exposed individuals exhibited a greater adaptive immune response when compared with single-exposed individuals, while single-exposed individuals, particularly with V. aestuarianus replicates, associated more with the innate branch of the immune system. T. maritimum double-exposed replicates exhibited the strongest immune reaction, likely due to their immunological naivety towards the bacterium, while there are also potential signs of innate trained immunity. MHC II upregulated expression was identified in selected V. aestuarianus-exposed seahorses, in the absence of other pathway constituents suggesting a possible alternative or non-classical MHC II immune function in seahorses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted prominent angiogenesis activity following secondary exposure, which could be linked to an adaptive immune process in seahorses. This investigation highlights the prominent role of T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses in seahorses when exposed to sequential foreign bacteria exposures. If classical MHC II pathway function has been lost, innate trained immunity in syngnathids could be a potential compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Parker
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Silke-Mareike Marten
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tadhg C Ó Corcora
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jelena Rajkov
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arseny Dubin
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Marine Evolutionary Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
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Maciuszek M, Pijanowski L, Kemenade LVV, Chadzinska M. Season affects the estrogen system and the immune response of common carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:797-812. [PMID: 38157099 PMCID: PMC11021253 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The physiology of ectothermic animals, including fish, is strictly regulated by season-related external factors such as temperature or photoperiod. The immune response and the production of hormones, such as estrogens, are therefore also subject to seasonal changes. This study in common carp aimed to determine how the season affects the estrogen system and the immune response, including the antibacterial response during Aeromonas salmonicida infection. We compared the immune reaction in spring and autumn in the head kidney and liver and found that carp have higher levels of blood 17β-estradiol in autumn, while in the liver of these fish there is a higher constitutive expression of genes encoding vitellogenin, estrogen receptors and Cyp19 aromatase than in spring. Fish sampled in autumn also exhibited higher expression of immune-related genes in the liver. In contrast, in the head kidney from fish sampled in the autumn, the expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors and aromatase was lower than in spring, and a similar profile of expression was also measured in the head kidney for inos, arginases and il-10. In turn, during bacterial infection, we observed higher upregulation of the expression of inos, il-12p35, ifnγ-2, arginase 2 and il-10 in the liver of carp sampled in spring. In the liver of carp infected in spring a higher upregulation of the expression of the genes encoding CRPs was observed compared to fish infected during autumn. The opposite trend occurred in the head kidney, where the upregulation of the expression of the genes involved in the immune response was higher in fish infected in autumn than in those infected in spring. During the infection, also season-dependent changes occurred in the estrogen system. In conclusion, we demonstrated that season differentially affects the estrogenic and immune activity of the head kidney and liver. These results reinforce our previous findings that the endocrine and immune systems cooperate in maintaining homeostasis and fighting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maciuszek
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Yang Y, Xu S, He H, Zhu X, Liu Y, Ai X, Chen Y. Mechanism of sturgeon intestinal inflammation induced by Yersinia ruckeri and the effect of florfenicol intervention. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116138. [PMID: 38394759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism by which Y. ruckeri infection induces enteritis in Chinese sturgeon remains unclear, and the efficacy of drug prevention and control measures is not only poor but also plagued with numerous issues. We conducted transcriptomic and 16 S rRNA sequencing analyses to examine the differences in the intestinal tract of hybrid sturgeon before and after Y. ruckeri infection and florfenicol intervention. Our findings revealed that Y. ruckeri induced the expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, il6, and various chemokines, as well as casp3, casp8, and multiple tumor necrosis factor family members, resulting in pathological injury to the body. Additionally, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota increased, while the abundance of Plesiomonas and Cetobacterium decreased at the genus level, altering the composition of the intestinal flora. Following florfenicol intervention, the expression of multiple apoptosis and inflammation-related genes was down-regulated, promoting tissue repair. However, the flora became further dysregulated, increasing the risk of infection. In conclusion, our analysis of the transcriptome and intestinal microbial composition demonstrated that Y. ruckeri induces intestinal pathological damage by triggering apoptosis and altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Florfenicol intervention can repair pathological damage, but it also exacerbates flora imbalance, leading to a higher risk of infection. These findings help elucidate the molecular mechanism of Y. ruckeri-induced enteritis in sturgeon and evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs on intestinal inflammation in sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Sturgeon Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Qiandao Lake Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311799, China
| | - Shijian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sturgeon Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Qiandao Lake Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311799, China.
| | - Hao He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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11
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Dawood MAO, Abdo SE, El-Kassas S, El-Naggar K, Al Wakeel RA, Moustafa EM, Abou Asa S. Chicken egg lysozyme enhanced the growth performance, feed utilization, upregulated immune-related genes, and mitigated the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109377. [PMID: 38228249 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Functional supplements, including lysozyme, are highly approved as immunostimulant and antibacterial agents with a high potential for use in aquaculture. In this regard, Nile tilapia was treated with lysozyme at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 g/kg for 60 days, then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were stocked in 15 glass aquaria (70 L each) with an equal initial weight of 10.72 ± 0.71 g per fish and 15 fish per aquarium. The regression analysis revealed that dietary lysozyme supplementation at 1.83-2 g/kg enhanced the growth performance, protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value while reducing the feed conversion ratio of tilapia. Markedly, tilapia treated with lysozyme had a low mortality rate (30-50 %) compared to the control, which recorded a 70 % mortality rate after 15 days of challenge with A. hydrophila. The regression analysis also revealed that the highest lysozyme activity of tilapia-fed lysozyme for 60 days is achieved by 2.05 g/kg lysozyme. The expression of Nf-κb, IL-1β, and IL-8 genes is upregulated in tilapia-fed lysozyme at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 g/kg for 60 days before and after A. hydrophila infection. The expression of GPX and CAT genes was higher in tilapia-fed lysozyme at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 g/kg for 60 days before and after A. hydrophila infection. Before infection, the relative transcription of the lysozyme and C3 was upregulated in tilapia-fed lysozyme at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 g/kg. However, lysozyme gene expression in tilapia treated with 0.5 g/kg lysozyme had no significant differences from those fed 0 g/kg lysozyme. After infection, the relative transcription of the lysozyme gene was upregulated in tilapia fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg, while tilapia fed 1 g/kg lysozyme had the highest C3 gene transcription. After infection, the hepatocytes in the livers of fish fed 0 g/kg lysozyme exhibited a noticeable fatty alteration, along with congestion, a light infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the start of necrosed cell regeneration. However, the livers of fish that received lysozyme were normal except for infiltrations of perivascular and interstitial mononuclear cells, depending on the supplementation dose. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme is recommended at 1.83-2.05 g/kg to gain high growth performance, immune response, and high resistance to A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt; The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Al Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Moustafa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
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12
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Li SY, Xiong NX, Li KX, Huang JF, Ou J, Wang F, Huang MZ, Luo SW. Cloning, expression and functional characterization of recombinant tumor necrosis factor α1 (TNFα1) from white crucian carp in gut immune regulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127770. [PMID: 37907174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
TNFα is one of important cytokines belonging to TNF superfamily, which can exhibit a pleiotropic effect in immune modulation, homeostasis as well as pathogenesis. However, its immunoregulatory function on mucosal immunity in fish gut are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigated the immunoregulatory role of TNFα1 in midgut of white crucian carp (WCC). WCC-TNFα1 sequence and its deduced structure were firstly identified in WCC. Then, tissue-specific analysis revealed that high-level WCC-TNFα1 expression was detected in gill. After Aeromonas hydrophila and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated, increased trends of WCC-TNFα1 expressions were detected in immune-related tissues and cultured fish cells, respectively. WCC anal-intubated with WCC-TNFα1 fusion protein showed the increased levels of edema and fuzzy appearance in impaired villi, along with atrophy and reduction of goblet cells (GC). Moreover, the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) genes and mucin genes were consistently lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). WCC-TNFα1 treatment could sharply decrease antioxidant status in midgut, while the expression levels of caspase (CASP) genes, unfolded protein response (UPR) genes and redox response genes increased dramatically. Our results suggested that WCC-TNFα1 could exhibit a detrimental effect on antioxidant and mucosal immune regulation in midgut of WCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- National R&D center for freshwater fish processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
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13
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Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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14
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Berggren H, Nordahl O, Yıldırım Y, Larsson P, Tibblin P, Forsman A. Effects of environmental translocation and host characteristics on skin microbiomes of sun-basking fish. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231608. [PMID: 38113936 PMCID: PMC10730295 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the composition of skin-associated microbiomes has been attributed to host species, geographical location and habitat, but the role of intraspecific phenotypic variation among host individuals remains elusive. We explored if and how host environment and different phenotypic traits were associated with microbiome composition. We conducted repeated sampling of dorsal and ventral skin microbiomes of carp individuals (Cyprinus carpio) before and after translocation from laboratory conditions to a semi-natural environment. Both alpha and beta diversity of skin-associated microbiomes increased substantially within and among individuals following translocation, particularly on dorsal body sites. The variation in microbiome composition among hosts was significantly associated with body site, sun-basking, habitat switch and growth, but not temperature gain while basking, sex, personality nor colour morph. We suggest that the overall increase in the alpha and beta diversity estimates among hosts were induced by individuals expressing greater variation in behaviours and thus exposure to potential colonizers in the pond environment compared with the laboratory. Our results exemplify how biological diversity at one level of organization (phenotypic variation among and within fish host individuals) together with the external environment impacts biological diversity at a higher hierarchical level of organization (richness and composition of fish-associated microbial communities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berggren
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Oscar Nordahl
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Petter Tibblin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, EEMiS Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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15
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Abou-Okada M, Rashad MM, Ali GE, Abdel-Radi S, Hassan A. Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:277. [PMID: 38104092 PMCID: PMC10724927 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic and bacterial co-infections have been associated with increasing fish mortalities and severe economic losses in aquaculture through the past three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, histopathology, and immune gene expression profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus. RESULTS Vibrio alginolyticus and Ergasilus sieboldi were identified using 16 S rRNA and 28 S rRNA sequencing, respectively. The collagenase virulence gene was found in all Vibrio alginolyticus isolates, and the multiple antimicrobial resistance index ranged from 0.286 to 0.857. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the gills, skin, and muscles of naturally infected fish revealed increased lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in catalase and glutathione antioxidant activities. Moreover, naturally co-infected gilthead sea bream exhibited substantial up-regulation of il-1β, tnf-α, and cyp1a1. Ergasilus sieboldi encircled gill lamellae with its second antennae, exhibited severe gill architectural deformation with extensive eosinophilic granular cell infiltration. Vibrio alginolyticus infection caused skin and muscle necrosis in gilthead sea bream. CONCLUSION This study described some details about the gill, skin and muscle tissue defense mechanisms of gilthead sea bream against Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus co-infections. The prevalence of co-infections was 100%, and no resistant fish were detected. These co-infections imbalance the health status of the fish by hampering the oxidant-antioxidant mechanisms and proinflammatory/inflammatory immune genes to a more detrimental side. Our results suggest that simultaneous screening for bacterial and parasitic pathogens should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abou-Okada
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ghada E Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdel-Radi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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16
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Akram N, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. The Immune Response to the Myxozoan Parasite Myxobolus cerebralis in Salmonids: A Review on Whirling Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17392. [PMID: 38139218 PMCID: PMC10743445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonids are affected by the economically significant whirling disease (WD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis. In the past, it was endemic to Eurasia, but it has now spread to different regions of North America, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa. Among salmonids, rainbow trout is considered the most highly susceptible host. Upon entering to the host's body, the parasite invades the spine and cranium, resulting in whirling behaviour, a blackened tail, and destruction of cartilage. The disease is characterized by the infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, with the onset of fibrous tissue infiltration. Several efforts have been undertaken to investigate the role of various immune modulatory molecules and immune regulatory genes using advanced molecular methods including flow cytometry and transcriptional techniques. Investigation of the molecular and cellular responses, the role of STAT3 in Th17 cell differentiation, and the inhibitory actions of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) on interferons and interleukins, as well as the role of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramp) in WD have significantly contributed to our understanding of the immune regulation mechanism in salmonids against M. cerebralis. This review thoroughly highlights previous research and discusses potential future directions for understanding the molecular immune response of salmonids and the possible development of prophylactic approaches against WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Saleh
- Division of Fish Health, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.)
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17
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Xu D, Tang Y, Li W, Yang Y. Ulva prolifera Stress in the Yellow Sea of China: Suppressed Antioxidant Capacity and Induced Inflammatory Response of the Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3768. [PMID: 38136805 PMCID: PMC10741151 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest green macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea of China, the overgrowth and degradation of Ulva prolifera (U. prolifera) have a harmful effect on marine organisms and the aquaculture industry. However, the regulation mechanism of U. prolifera stress on the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of marine fish is still not completely understood. A 15-day exposure experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of U. prolifera stress on the antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (283.11 ± 6.45 g). The results showed that U. prolifera stress significantly decreased their survival rate. Serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and non-specific immune-related enzyme activities were significantly impacted under U. prolifera conditions. Moreover, U. prolifera stress significantly decreased T-AOC, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver, while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased. Similarly, antioxidant-related gene (cat, nrf2, and keap1) expressions were synchronously downregulated in the liver under U. prolifera stress. Furthermore, U. prolifera stress significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory gene (tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-γ, and p65) expressions and the phosphorylation levels of the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways in the head kidney. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related gene and protein expressions were also upregulated in the head kidney. Overall, these results revealed that U. prolifera stress suppressed the antioxidant capacity and induced an inflammatory response in the Japanese flounder. This study could advance the understanding of the adverse effects of U. prolifera stress on marine benthic fish and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (D.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yongzheng Tang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (D.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnFology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnFology, Qingdao 266235, China
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18
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Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Potentials of Aloe barbadensis inclusion in fish feeds on resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1435-1459. [PMID: 37996691 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic bacterial pathogens can cause severe economic loss in aquaculture industry. An opportunistic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, leading to high mortality rates in fish. The present study was focused on the efficacy of Aloe barbadensis replacing fishmeal diets on hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidant, histopathological parameters, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. Isonitrogenous fishmeal replaced diets (FMR) were prepared with varying levels of A. barbadensis at D1 (0%) (control), D2 (25%), D3 (50%), D4 (75%) and D5 (100%) then fed to L. rohita. After 60 days of post-feeding, the experimental fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Blood and organs were collected and examined at 1- and 15-days post infection (dpi). The results demonstrated that on 1 dpi, white blood cells (WBC), total protein, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly increased in D3 diet fed groups. The D2 and D3 diet fed group showed decreasing trends of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and antioxidant enzymes activity on 15 dpi. The histopathological architecture results clearly illustrated that the D3 diet fed group had given a higher protective effect by reducing the pathological changes associated with A. hydrophila infection in liver, intestine and muscle. Higher percentage of survival rate was also observed in D3 diet fed group. Therefore, the present study suggested that the dietary administration of A. barbadensis up to 50% fishmeal replacement (D3 diet) can elicit earlier antioxidant activity, innate immune response and improve survival rate in L. rohita against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Malaysia
| | | | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Xiong NX, Fang ZX, Kuang XY, Wang F, Ou J, Luo SW. Upregulation of oxidative stress by triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) exposure causes antioxidant insult and apoptotic process in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119217-119227. [PMID: 37922075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is the predominant compound of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which can elicit a toxicological effect on physiological response and tissue development of fish. In this study, we investigated the effect of TPhP exposure on cell viability, antioxidant capacities, and apoptosis in EPC cells. Current study revealed that TPhP exposure could decrease cell viability and promote intracellular oxidative stress in EPC cells. In addition, high-dose TPhP exposure could facilitate antioxidant insults and cause mitochondrial collapse in a dose-dependent manner, along with increased gene expressions involved in apoptosis and unfolded protein response (UPR). These results indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxic stress and cell death were involved in antioxidant insults and apoptotic activation in TPhP-exposed fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China.
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Kumwan B, Bunnoy A, Chatchaiphan S, Kayansamruaj P, Dong HT, Senapin S, Srisapoome P. First Investigation of the Optimal Timing of Vaccination of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Larvae against Streptococcus agalactiae. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1753. [PMID: 38140158 PMCID: PMC10747866 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate early immune responses and explore the optimal vaccination periods, Nile tilapia at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after yolk sac collapse (DAYC) were immersed in formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine (FKV-SA). A specific IgM was first detected via ELISA in the 21 DAYC larvae (0.108 g) at 336 h after vaccination (hav), whereas in the 28-42 DAYC larvae (0.330-0.580 g), the specific IgM could be initially detected at 24 hav. qRT-PCR analysis of the TCRβ, CD4, MHCIIα, IgHM, IgHT, and IgHD genes in 21-42 DAYC larvae immunized with the FKV-SA immersion route for 24, 168, and 336 hav revealed that the levels of most immune-related genes were significantly higher in the vaccinated larvae at all DAYCs than in the control larvae (p < 0.05) at 336 hav. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated stronger IgM signals in the gills, head kidney, and intestine tissues at 21, 28, and 35 DAYC in all vaccinated larvae compared with the control. Interestingly, at all DAYCs, FKV-SA larvae exhibited significantly higher survival rates and an increased relative percent survival (RPS) than the control after challenge with viable S. agalactiae, particularly in larvae that were immunized with FKV-SA at 168 and 336 hav (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchawan Kumwan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (B.K.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anurak Bunnoy
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (B.K.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Satid Chatchaiphan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (B.K.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Department of Food Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (B.K.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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21
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Ali S, Shah SAUR, Rauf M, Hassan M, Ullah W, Dawar FU. Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1225-1237. [PMID: 37501533 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namely Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Cirrhinus mrigala after treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram -ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin). Variations in bactericidal activity of EM were observed against bacteria from the same and different fish species. The acidic extract was more effective than the crude extract and showed significantly higher ZOI values against various bacteria and Fosfomycin antibiotics. This result shows that fish EM may perform an important role in fish defence against bacteria. Therefore, this study may hint towards the substitution of synthetic antibiotics with fish EM that may be used as a novel 'bactericidal' in aquaculture as well as in humans against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandana Ali
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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22
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Lou F, Zhang Y, Xu A, Gao T. Transcriptional responses of liver and spleen in Lota lota to polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272393. [PMID: 37901224 PMCID: PMC10611466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cultured Lota lota can meet the market demand in the context of the decline of wild resources, but the disease in the high-density culture process also deserves attention. Therefore, understanding the immune regulation mechanisms of L. lota will be the basis for obtaining high benefits in artificial culture. Methods To explore the viral response mechanism of L. lota, RNA-seq was applied to identify the transcriptomic changes of the liver and spleen in L. lota by poly (I:C) stress. Results The DEGs (liver: 2186 to 3123; spleen 1542 to 2622) and up-regulated genes (liver: 1231 to 1776; spleen 769 to 1502) in the liver and spleen increased with the prolongation (12h to 48h) of poly (I:C)-stimulation time. This means L. lota needs to mobilize more functional genes in response to longer periods of poly (I:C)-stimulation. Despite the responses of L. lota to poly (I:C) showed tissue-specificity, we hypothesized that both liver and spleen of L. lota can respond to poly (I:C) challenge may be through promoting apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells, increasing the activity of immune-enhancing enzymes, and increasing energy supply based on DEGs annotation information. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the transcriptional responses of L. lota to poly (I:C)-stimulation, and these data provide the first resource on the genetic regulation mechanisms of L. lota against viruses. Furthermore, the present study can provide basic information for the prevention of viral diseases in L. lota artificial culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anle Xu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Messina CM, Madia M, Manuguerra S, Espinosa-Ruiz C, Esteban MA, Santulli A. Dietary Inclusion of Halobacterium salinarum Modulates Growth Performances and Immune Responses in Farmed Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2743. [PMID: 37685007 PMCID: PMC10486991 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural immunostimulants is considered the most promising alternative to promote fish health, productive performance and quality, increasing the aquaculture profitability, sustainability and social acceptance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the integration of a potential probiotic strain, Halobacterium salinarum, belonging to the Archaea domain, in the formulated diets of farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) in terms of growth performances and immunity responses. The experiment was set up to test two different levels of inclusion of the bacteria in the diet: 0.05% (D1) and 0.1% (D2). The effects on fish growth performances; humoral (peroxidase, protease, antiprotease and IgM levels) and cellular immunity parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase), along with bactericidal activity, were evaluated after 15 and 30 days of experimental feeding. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of H. salinarum at the highest concentration (D2 0.1%) improved growth performances, bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum and some parameters related both to the humoral and cellular immune response, suggesting exploring other aspects of welfare in view of future supplementations of this probiotic strain in the diet of S. aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Manfredi Madia
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Cristobal Espinosa-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.E.-R.); (M.A.E.)
| | - María Angeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.E.-R.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (M.M.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
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Wu Z, Yang Y, Li J, Bossier P, Wei X, Guo Z, Han B, Ye J. β-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243358. [PMID: 37675105 PMCID: PMC10477985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a group of heterogeneous glucose polymers that possess immunomodulatory activities. The complex nature of their structures, uncertainty regarding the doses, and variable immune effects pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two β-Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses. Our results demonstrate that Paramylon elicits more robust immune responses than Laminarin, albeit with a dose-limiting effect. We also observed that the high-dose Paramylon induces apoptosis, whereas no such effect was detected in Laminarin treatment. Mechanistically, high-dose Paramylon activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with significantly up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes and impaired mitochondrial function. On the other hand, Laminarin triggers metabolic reprogramming in MФ, resulting in the enrichment of the metabolite α-Ketoglutarate, which protects the MФ from apoptosis. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of identifying the optimal dose range for β-Glucans, based on sources or structures, to achieve maximal immunomodulatory effects. These results have important implications for the design and optimization of β-Glucans-based drugs or adjuvants in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Xiayi Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Liang S, Yao J, Liu D, Rao L, Chen X, Wang Z. Harnessing Nanomaterials for Cancer Sonodynamic Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211130. [PMID: 36881527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made remarkable strides in cancer therapy over the past decade. However, such emerging therapy still suffers from the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Various strategies have been developed to overcome these serious challenges. Therein, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a non-invasive treatment, has received ever-increasing attention especially in the treatment of deep-seated tumors. Significantly, SDT can effectively induce immunogenic cell death to trigger systemic anti-tumor immune response, termed sonodynamic immunotherapy. The rapid development of nanotechnology has revolutionized SDT effects with robust immune response induction. As a result, more and more innovative nanosonosensitizers and synergistic treatment modalities are established with superior efficacy and safe profile. In this review, the recent advances in cancer sonodynamic immunotherapy are summarized with a particular emphasis on how nanotechnology can be explored to harness SDT for amplifying anti-tumor immune response. Moreover, the current challenges in this field and the prospects for its clinical translation are also presented. It is anticipated that this review can provide rational guidance and facilitate the development of nanomaterials-assisted sonodynamic immunotherapy, helping to pave the way for next-generation cancer therapy and eventually achieve a durable response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianjun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Baloch AA, Steinhagen D, Gela D, Kocour M, Piačková V, Adamek M. Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15614. [PMID: 37465154 PMCID: PMC10351508 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection. Carp strains were infected through two cohabitation infection trials with CEV genogroups I or IIa. The results showed that during the infection with both CEV genogroups, KSD-susceptible koi induced an innate immune response with significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-α2 genes on both 6 and 11 days post-infection (dpi) compared to the fish sampled on day 0. Compared to koi, AS and Rop strains showed up-regulation of IL-6a and TNF-α2 but no other cytokine genes. During the infection with CEV genogroup IIa, Mx2 was significantly up-regulated in all strains and peaked on 6 dpi in AS, PS, and Rop. In koi, it remained high until 11 dpi. With genogroup I infection, Mx2 was up-expressed in koi on 6 dpi and in PS on both 6 and 11 dpi. No significant differences were noticed in selected mucin genes expression measured in gills of any carp strains exposed to both CEV genogroups. During both CEV genogroups infections, the expression levels of most of the genes for T cell response, including CD4, CD8b1, and GzmA were down-regulated in AS and koi at all time points compared to day 0 control. The expression data for the above experimental trials suggest that both CEV genogroups infections in common carp strains lead to activation of the same expression pattern regardless of the fish's susceptibility towards the virus. The expression of the same genes in AS and koi responding to CEV genogroup IIa infection in mucosal tissues such as gill, gut, and skin showed the significant up-regulation of all the cytokine genes in gill and gut tissues from koi carp at 5 dpi. Significant down-regulation of CD4 and GzmA levels were only detected in koi gill on 5 dpi but not in other tissues. AS carp displayed significant up-expression of Mx2 gene in all mucosal tissues on 5 dpi, whereas in koi, it was up-regulated in gill and gut only. In both carp strains, gill harbored a higher virus load on 5 dpi compared to the other tissues. The results showed that resistance to CEV could not be linked with the selected immune responses measured. The up-regulation of mRNA expression of most of the selected immune-related genes in koi gill and gut suggests that CEV induces a more systemic mucosal immune response not restricted to the target tissue of gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Baloch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - David Gela
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocour
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Piačková
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Assar DH, Ragab AE, Abdelsatar E, Salah AS, Salem SMR, Hendam BM, Al Jaouni S, Al Wakeel RA, AbdEl-Kader MF, Elbialy ZI. Dietary Olive Leaf Extract Differentially Modulates Antioxidant Defense of Normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) via Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Signaling: A Phytochemical and Biological Link. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2229. [PMID: 37444027 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are an immense source of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive constituents. This study investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant defense, histopathological changes, and some growth- and immune-related genes in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 180 fish were allocated into four groups with triplicate each. The control group received the basal diet without OLE, while the other three groups were fed a basal diet with the OLE at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. The feeding study lasted for 8 weeks, then fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that the group supplied with the 0.1% OLE significantly exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG%), and specific growth rate (SGR) with a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). An increase in immune response was also observed in the fish from this group, with higher lysosome activity, immunoglobulin (IgM), and respiratory burst than nonsupplemented fish, both before and after the A. hydrophila challenge (p < 0.05). Similarly, the supplementation of the 0.1% OLE also promoted the C. carpio's digestive capacity pre- and post-challenge, presenting the highest activity of protease and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). In addition, this dose of the OLE enhanced fish antioxidant capacity through an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation end products (malondialdehyde-MDA), when compared to the control group, both pre- and post-infection (p < 0.05). Concomitantly with the superior immune response and antioxidant capacity, the fish fed the 0.1% OLE revealed the highest survival rate after the challenge with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). A significant remarkable upregulation of the hepatic sod, nrf2, and protein kinase C transcription levels was detected as a vital approach for the prevention of both oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the infected unsupplied control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, HPLC and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses recognized that oleuropein is the main constituent (20.4%) with other 45 compounds in addition to tentative identification of two new compounds, namely oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (I) and demethyl oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (II). These constituents may be responsible for the OLE exerted potential effects. To conclude, the OLE at a dose range of 0.66-0.83 g/kg w/w can be included in the C. carpio diet to improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and immune response under normal health conditions along with regulating the infection-associated pro-inflammatory gene expressions, thus enhancing resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 32527, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdelsatar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Salah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Shimaa M R Salem
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A Al Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa F AbdEl-Kader
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, A.R.C., Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Nualart DP, Dann F, Oyarzún-Salazar R, Morera FJ, Vargas-Chacoff L. Immune Transcriptional Response in Head Kidney Primary Cell Cultures Isolated from the Three Most Important Species in Chilean Salmonids Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:924. [PMID: 37508355 PMCID: PMC10376545 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Fish cell culture is a common in vitro tool for studies in different fields such as virology, toxicology, pathology and immunology of fish. Fish cell cultures are a promising help to study how to diagnose and control relevant viral and intracellular bacterial infections in aquaculture. They can also be used for developing vaccines and immunostimulants, especially with the ethical demand aiming to reduce and replace the number of fish used in research. This study aimed to isolate head kidney primary cell cultures from three Chilean salmonids: Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Oncorhynchus mykiss, and characterize the response to bacterial and viral stimuli by evaluating various markers of the innate and adaptive immune response. Specifically, the primary cell cultures of the head kidney from the three salmonids studied were cultured and exposed to two substances that mimic molecular patterns of different pathogens, i.e., Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (bacterial) and Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C). Subsequently, we determined the mRNA expression profiles of the TLR-1, TLR-8, IgM, TLR-5, and MHC II genes. Head kidney primary cell cultures from the three species grown in vitro responded differently to POLY I:C and LPS. This is the first study to demonstrate and characterize the expression of immune genes in head kidney primary cell culture isolated from three salmonid species. It also indicates their potential role in developing immune responses as defense response agents and targets of immunoregulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Nualart
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Francisco Dann
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún-Salazar
- Laboratorio Institucional, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Integrative Biology Group, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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29
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Ma J, Trushenski JT, Jones EM, Bruce TJ, McKenney DG, Kurath G, Cain KD. Characterization of maternal immunity following vaccination of broodstock against IHNV or Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108749. [PMID: 37062435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a significant viral disease affecting salmonids, whereas Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), remains one of the most significant bacterial pathogens of salmonids. We explored maternal immunity in the context of IHN and BCWD management in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. Two experimental trials were conducted where different groups of female broodstock were immunized prior to spawning with an IHNV DNA vaccine or a live attenuated F. psychrophilum (Fp B.17-ILM) vaccine alone, or in combination. Progeny were challenged with either a low or high dose of IHNV at 13 days post hatch (dph) and 32 dph or challenged with F. psychrophilum at 13 dph. Mortality following a low-dose IHNV challenge at 13 dph was significantly lower in progeny from vaccinated broodstock vs. unvaccinated broodstock, but no significant differences were observed at 32 dph. Mortality due to BCWD was also significantly reduced in 13 dph fry that originated from broodstock immunized with the Fp B.17-ILM vaccine. After vaccination broodstock developed specific or neutralizing antibodies respectively to F. psychrophilum and IHNV; however, antibody titers in eggs and fry were undetectable. In the eggs and fry mRNA transcripts of the complement components C3 and C5 were detected at much higher levels in progeny from vaccinated broodstock and showed a significantly increased and rapid response post-challenge compared with unvaccinated broodstock. After challenges pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was immediately and considerably elevated in the fry from vaccinated broodstock vs. unvaccinated broodstock, whereas adaptive immune genes were elevated to a lesser degree. Results suggest that maternal transfer of innate and adaptive factors at the transcript level occurred because development of lymphomyeloid organs is not complete in such young fry. In addition to documenting maternally derived immunity in teleosts, this study demonstrates that broodstock vaccination can confer some degree of protection to progeny against viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | | | - Evan M Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Doug G McKenney
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Gael Kurath
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
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30
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Qiu Z, Zhao J, Xie D, de Cruz CR, Zhao J, Xu H, Xu Q. Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Enzymatic Cottonseed Protein on the Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidation, and Intestinal Health of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6628805. [PMID: 37266415 PMCID: PMC10232096 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6628805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein (ECP) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles have not been explored. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted with a quadruplicated group of turtles (3.44 ± 0.01 g) that were randomly assigned to 16 cages (0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.6 m) with 30 turtles that were stocked in each cage. Four dietary groups were fed with diets supplemented with 0, 2%, 4%, and 6% (ECP0 group (control group), ECP2 group, ECP4 group, ECP6 group) of enzymatic cottonseed protein replacing fishmeal. The present study illustrated that the final weight and WG in the ECP2 and ECP4 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly reduced the feed coefficient (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the SGR (P < 0.05). The serum TP and ALB of the ECP4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly increased the activity of intestinal pepsin (P < 0.05), and the activity of intestinal lipase of the EPC4 group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The intestinal villus height of the EPC4 group and EPC6 group, the villus width of the EPC2 group and EPC4 group, and the intestinal muscle thickness of the EPC4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, replacing fishmeal with enzymatic cottonseed protein also affected the intestinal inflammation-related genes compared with the control group. Besides that, the expression of the IL-10 gene in the experimental group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 genes in the ECP2 group and TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the ECP4 group was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). In summary, replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein positively affects the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. The appropriate proportion of enzymatic cottonseed protein to replace fish meal in turtle feed is 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsheng Qiu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jiantao Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Jindadi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 311800, China
| | - Dazhang Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Jindadi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 311800, China
| | - Clement R. de Cruz
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, 759 Erhuan Road (E), Huzhou 313000, China
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Alhawas B, Abd El-Hamid MI, Hassan Z, Ibrahim GA, Neamat-Allah ANF, Rizk El-Ghareeb W, Alahmad BAHY, Meligy AMA, Abdel-Raheem SM, Abdel-Moez Ahmed Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Curcumin loaded liposome formulation: Enhanced efficacy on performance, flesh quality, immune response with defense against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108776. [PMID: 37182798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Application of novel trend comprising antioxidant phytogenics is aiming to minimize the stress related factors and associated diseases in intensive fish culturing. Today, the concept of exploiting and protecting natural antioxidants represents a paradigm shift for the aqua feed industry. Therefore, our principal goal targeting liposome as a novel nanocarrier for curcumin is directed to attain superior performance, fillet antioxidant stability and bacterial resistance in Nile tilapia. A total of 500 Nile tilapia fingerlings (average body weight, 10.27 ± 0.10 g) assigned into five experimental groups in 25 glass aquaria of 120 L capacity at the density 20 fish/aquaria. The experimental groups were supplemented with varying doses of liposomal curcumin-NPs, LipoCur-NPs (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg/kg diet) were reared for 12 weeks and later Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) challenged model was performed. Inclusion of LipoCur-NPs (25 and 35 mg/kg diet) had the most prominent impact on Nile tilapia growth rate and feed conversion ratio. The immune boosting outcomes post supplementing 35 mg/kg diet of LipoCur-NPs were evidenced by higher myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and total immunoglobulin levels. Even after 4 weeks frozen storage, LipoCur-NPs at the dose of 35 mg/kg diet prominently increased (P < 0.05) the fillet scavenging capability for free radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with an inverse reduction in lipid peroxidation biomarker (malondialdehyde). Notably, upregulation of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD genes in fillet of 35 mg/kg LipoCur-NPs fed fish coordinated with higher T-AOC and lower oxidative markers (ROS and H2O2). Post S. agalactiae challenge, higher supplementation levels of LipoCur-NPs (35 mg/kg diet) greatly attenuated the expression of its vital virulence genes (cfb, fbsA and cpsA) with higher expression of Igm, CXC-chemokine and MHC genes. Concordantly, downregulation of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) and upregulation of anti-inflammatory ones (IL-10 and TGF-β) were remarkably documented. Based on these findings, the innovative curcumin loaded liposome was considered a novel multitargeting alternative not only playing an imperative role in Nile tilapia growth promotion and fillet stability upon storage, but also protecting efficiently against S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Fish Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Ibrahim
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed N F Neamat-Allah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Badr Abdul-Hakim Y Alahmad
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Meligy
- Department of Clinical Science, Central Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Abdel-Moez Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box: 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Food Hygiene Dept., Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut Univ., Egypt.
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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32
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Papežíková I, Piačková V, Dyková I, Baloch AA, Kroupová HK, Zusková E, Pojezdal Ľ, Minářová H, Syrová E, Banďouchová H, Hyršl P, Matějíčková K, Pikula J, Palíková M. Clinical and Laboratory Parameters of Carp Edema Virus Disease: A Case Report. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051044. [PMID: 37243132 DOI: 10.3390/v15051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe a natural outbreak of carp edema virus disease (CEVD) in koi carp, concentrating on clinical manifestation, gross and microscopic pathology, immunological parameters, viral diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Examination of white blood cell parameters showed increased monocyte and decreased lymphocyte counts in CEV-affected fish compared to healthy control fish. Regarding immune system functioning, the present work shows, for the first time, enhanced phagocytic activity in CEV-affected fish. Respiratory burst of phagocytes was strongly increased in diseased fish, the increase being attributed to an increased phagocyte count rather than enhancement of their metabolic activity. The present work also newly shows histopathological changes in the pancreatic tissue of diseased koi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Papežíková
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Piačková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Asghar Baloch
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Zusková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubomír Pojezdal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, 621 00 Brno-Medlánky, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Minářová
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, 621 00 Brno-Medlánky, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Syrová
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, 621 00 Brno-Medlánky, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Banďouchová
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matějíčková
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute Brno, 621 00 Brno-Medlánky, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pikula
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Palíková
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Eissa ESH, Alaidaroos BA, Jastaniah SD, Munir MB, Shafi ME, Abd El-Aziz YM, Bazina WK, Ibrahim SB, Eissa MEH, Paolucci M, Alaryani FS, El-Hamed NNBA, El-Hack MEA, Saadony S. Dietary Effects of Nano Curcumin on Growth Performances, Body Composition, Blood Parameters and Histopathological Alternation in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Challenged with Aspergillus flavus. FISHES 2023; 8:208. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes8040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the role of nano curcumin (NC) on growth performances, body composition, and blood parameters of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) challenged with Aspergillus flavus. Fish (5.0 g ± 0.30) were randomly distributed in four equal groups (20 fish per pond in triplicates) and fed various concentrations of NC fortified with 0 (Control), 40 mg/kg (NC1), 50 mg/kg (NC2), and 60 mg/kg diet (NC3) of nano curcumin. After eight weeks of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with A. flavus for 15 days, and the cumulative mortality was recorded. Fish fed with different concentrations of NC improved significantly (p < 0.05) the growth performances, feed utilization, and survival rate. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between NC2 and NC3 treatments. However, NC3 exhibited higher performances. Fish feed supplemented with NC decreased the mortality rate when challenged with A. flavus. Hence, dietary supplementation of NC enhanced the growth and health status of Oreochromis sp. and protected it from A. flavus infection. This study suggests the optimum inclusion level of NC is a 50–60 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bothaina A. Alaidaroos
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samyah D. Jastaniah
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bodrul Munir
- Aquatic Science Program, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Gadong BE1310, Brunei
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin M. Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Walaa K. Bazina
- Fish Rearing and Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | | | - Moaheda E. H. Eissa
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fish & Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Aswan 81511, Egypt
- Biotechnology Department, Fish Farming and Technology Institute, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Fatima S. Alaryani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saadea Saadony
- Department of Animal Production and Fish Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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34
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Xiong NX, Luo WS, Kuang XY, Wang F, Fang ZX, Ou J, Huang MZ, Fan LF, Luo SW, Liu SJ. Gut-liver immune and redox response in hybrid fish (Carassius cuvieri ♀ × Carassius auratus red var. ♂) after gut infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109553. [PMID: 36707042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to fish survival. In this study, we investigated the differential immune and redox response in gut-liver axis of hybrid fish (WR) undergoing gut infection. WR anally intubated with A. hydrophila showed severe midgut injury with decreased length-to-width ratios of villi along with GC hyperplasia and enhanced antioxidant activities, but expression profiles of cytokines, chemokines, antibacterial molecules, redox sensors and tight junction proteins decreased dramatically. In contrast, immune-related gene expressions and antioxidant activities increased significantly in liver of WR following gut infection with A. hydrophila. These results highlighted the differential immune regulation and redox balance in gut-liver axis response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Wei-Sheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xu-Ying Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Hong Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of supplemental fulvic acid on survival, growth performance, digestive ability and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1159320. [PMID: 37064905 PMCID: PMC10102811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1159320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 30-day feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effect of supplemental fulvic acid (FA) on survival, growth performance, digestive ability and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae (initial body weight 11.33 ± 0.57 mg). Four isonitrogenous and isolipids diets containing 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.04% FA were formulated, respectively. Results showed that the supplementation of 0.04% FA significantly improved survival rate of large yellow croaker larvae. Meanwhile, supplemental FA significantly increased final body weight and specific growth rate. Based on the specific growth rate, the optimal supplementation was 0.0135% FA. Larvae fed the diet with 0.01% FA had significantly higher villus height than the control. The supplementation of 0.01%–0.02% FA significantly increased the muscular thickness of intestine. Moreover, supplementation of FA significantly increased mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier genes (pcna, zo-1 and zo-2). Diets supplemented with 0.02%–0.04% FA significantly increased the activity of trypsin in the intestinal segment, while 0.01%–0.02% FA significantly increased the activity of trypsin in the pancreatic segment. Compared with the control, supplementation of FA remarkably increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase in the brush border membrane of intestine. Larvae fed the diet with 0.01% FA significantly increased activities of lysozyme and total nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.01% to 0.02% FA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α and il-6). Concurrently, supplemental FA significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (il-10) mRNA expression level. In conclusion, this study indicated that the supplementation of FA could improve the survival rate and growth performance of larvae by promoting intestinal development, digestive enzymes activities and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghui Ai,
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Yajima D, Fujita H, Hayashi I, Shima G, Suzuki K, Toju H. Core species and interactions prominent in fish-associated microbiome dynamics. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:53. [PMID: 36941627 PMCID: PMC10026521 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aquatic ecosystems, the health and performance of fish depend greatly on the dynamics of microbial community structure in the background environment. Nonetheless, finding microbes with profound impacts on fish's performance out of thousands of candidate species remains a major challenge. METHODS We examined whether time-series analyses of microbial population dynamics could illuminate core components and structure of fish-associated microbiomes in the background (environmental) water. By targeting eel-aquaculture-tank microbiomes as model systems, we reconstructed the population dynamics of the 9605 bacterial and 303 archaeal species/strains across 128 days. RESULTS Due to the remarkable increase/decrease of constituent microbial population densities, the taxonomic compositions of the microbiome changed drastically through time. We then found that some specific microbial taxa showed a positive relationship with eels' activity levels even after excluding confounding effects of environmental parameters (pH and dissolved oxygen level) on population dynamics. In particular, a vitamin-B12-producing bacteria, Cetobacterium somerae, consistently showed strong positive associations with eels' activity levels across the replicate time series of the five aquaculture tanks analyzed. Network theoretical and metabolic modeling analyses further suggested that the highlighted bacterium and some other closely-associated bacteria formed "core microbiomes" with potentially positive impacts on eels. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that the integration of microbiology, ecological theory, and network science allows us to explore core species and interactions embedded within complex dynamics of fish-associated microbiomes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daii Yajima
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2133, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2133, Japan
| | - Ibuki Hayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2133, Japan
| | - Genta Shima
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2133, Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division, BioResource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Toju
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2133, Japan.
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Abd-ELrahman SM, Gareh A, Mohamed HI, Alrashdi BM, Dyab AK, El-Khadragy MF, Khairy Elbarbary N, Fouad AM, El-Gohary FA, Elmahallawy EK, Mohamed SAA. Prevalence and Morphological Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Freshwater Fish (Nile Tilapia) from Upper Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061088. [PMID: 36978630 PMCID: PMC10044437 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are a source of high-quality protein with low cholesterol, but they are susceptible to parasitic infections, which have a significant impact on aquaculture, in addition to their zoonotic potential. The present study estimated parasitic infections and evaluated the diversity of zoonotic parasites in freshwater Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. A total of 300 samples were randomly collected from the Assiut Governorate. These fish were examined for both ectoparasites and endoparasites, followed by the experimental infection of mice with encysted metacercariae (EMC) for the retrieval of the adult worms. The overall prevalence of the variable parasites was 82% (246 of 300). Both ecto- and endoparasites were detected in 41% (123 of 300) of the examined fish. The identified ectoparasites were Gyrodactylus, Dactylogrus, Cichlidogyrus, Trichodina and Icthyophthirius multifiliis, in 5%, 4%, 22%, 6% and 4% of the fish, respectively. The endoparasites were trematodes (Orientocreadium batrachoides 3%), nematodes (Contracaecum. 2%), acanthocephala (Acanthosentis tilapiae 25%) and protozoa that included Isospora and Eimeria spp., in 1% and 8% of fish, respectively. Myxobolus was detected in 2% of the examined fish. The overall prevalence of encysted metacercariae (EMC) was 95% (285 of 300), while infection with macroscopic EMC had a prevalence of 37% and microscopic EMC had a prevalence of 58%. The adult worms recovered from the experimental infections were Prohemistomum vivax and Mesostephanus spp., which belong to the family Cyathocotylidae. Collectively, these findings reflect the relatively high occurrence of parasites among the studied fish, confirming the necessity of strict measures to control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (S.M.A.-E.); (H.I.M.); (S.A.-A.M.)
| | - Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 24101, Egypt;
| | - Hager Ibrahem Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (S.M.A.-E.); (H.I.M.); (S.A.-A.M.)
| | - Barakat M. Alrashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Kamal Dyab
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nady Khairy Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Alamira Marzouk Fouad
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Fatma A. El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (S.M.A.-E.); (H.I.M.); (S.A.-A.M.)
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Nissa MU, Pinto N, Ghosh B, Singh U, Goswami M, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of liver tissue reveals Aeromonas hydrophila infection mediated modulation of host metabolic pathways in Labeo rohita. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104870. [PMID: 36906258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) is a Gram-negative bacterium and a serious global pathogen causing Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) in fish leading to global loss in aquaculture. Investigation of the molecular alterations of host tissues such as liver could be a powerful approach to identify mechanistic and diagnostic immune signatures of disease pathogenesis. We performed a proteomic analysis of Labeo rohita liver tissue to examine the protein dynamics in the host cells during Ah infection. The proteomic data was acquired using two strategies; discovery and targeted proteomics. Label-free quantification was performed between Control and challenged group (AH) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 2525 proteins were identified and 157 were DEPs. DEPs include metabolic enzymes (CS, SUCLG2), antioxidative proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and immune related proteins (TLR3, CLEC4E). Pathways like lysosome pathway, apoptosis, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 were enriched by downregulated proteins. However, upregulated proteins majorly mapped to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing in ER. Our study would help in exploring the role of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectins and, metabolic intermediates like citrate and succinate in Ah pathogenesis to understand the Ah infection in fish. SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial diseases such as motile aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) are among the most serious problems in aquaculture industry. Small molecules that target the metabolism of the host have recently emerged as potential treatment possibilities in infectious diseases. However, the ability to develop new therapies is hampered due to lack of knowledge about pathogenesis mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. We examined alterations in the host proteome during MAS caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) infection, in Labeo rohita liver tissue to find cellular proteins and processes affected by Ah infection. Upregulated proteins belong to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing. Our work is an important step towards leveraging host metabolism in targeting the disease by providing a bigger picture on proteome pathology correlation during Ah infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Urvi Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, 110034, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India.
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Adeshina I, Akpoilih BU, Tiamiyu LO, Badmos AA, Emikpe BO, Abdel-Tawwab M. Effects of dietary supplementation with microbial phytase on the growth, bone minerals, antioxidant status, innate immunity and disease resistance of African catfish fed on high soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:733-745. [PMID: 35979610 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microbial phytase, derived from Buttiauxella gaviniae, Yersinia mollarettiv and Hafnia spp., is proven to be safe for avian and porcine feeding and promotes their overall growth performance. Here, we have evaluated microbial phytase's effects on the growth, bone mineral content, antioxidant status, immune responses and the resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with high soybean meal-based diets against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% protein) were supplemented with different levels of microbial phytase ranging from 0 as a control to 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/kg diet. African catfish (n = 300; 8.5 ± 0.3 g) were allocated in 15 50-L tanks (in triplicates) and were fed on the prepared tested diets for 12 weeks. After the end of the feeding period of 12 weeks, 10 fish from each replicate was intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila (0.5 × 105 CFU/ml) and monitored for 14 days. Dietary phytase levels linearly and quadratically improved the growth performance of African catfish and stimulated feed intake. Bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc were also positively modulated in phytase-fed fish, especially at 750-1000 FTU/kg diet. Similarly, counts of red and white blood cells as well as haemoglobin, packed cells volume, platelets, lymphocytes and heterocytes were significantly modulated in all fish fed with phytase-supplemented diets. Higher levels of serum total protein, albumin and globulin were also observed in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase. Conversely, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were lower in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase, compared to those fed the control diet. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione levels and immune responses (lysozyme, respiratory burst, protease and alkaline phosphatase activities) biomarkers were linearly and quadratically elevated, while malondialdehyde values were linearly and quadratically decreased in fish groups fed with phytase-based diets. After administering A. hydrophila, 60.0% of the fish fed the control diet perished, while no mortalities were observed in fish fed with 750-1000 FTU/kg diets. Taken together, the current study reveals that dietary phytase could improve the growth performance, blood profile, bone mineralization, antioxidant activities, immunity and overall protection of African catfish against A. hydrophila infection. Dietary phytase may be efficiently used in the feeding of African catfish to enhance their overall performance and mitigate health conditions with optimum level of 900 FTU/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin U Akpoilih
- Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Tiamiyu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Benjamin O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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Lee S, Kim MG, Hur SW, Katya K, Kim KW, Lee BJ. Assessment of Safety, Effects, and Muscle-Specific Accumulation of Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Paralichthys olivaceus. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:1381923. [PMID: 36860975 PMCID: PMC9973148 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1381923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a commonly used antioxidant added to animal/fish feed to limit lipid autoxidation and peroxidation. Although there have been reviews and reports of BHT toxicity in animals, limited information is available with respect to the toxic effects and accumulation of BHT due to oral exposure in aquaculture species. Therefore, 120 days of feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary BHT on the marine fish olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Graded levels of BHT were added to the basal diet in increments of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg BHT/kg, corresponding to 0 (BHT0), 11 (BHT11), 19 (BHT19), 35 (BHT35), 85 (BHT85), and 121 (BHT121) mg BHT/kg diets, respectively. Fish with an average weight of 77.5 ± 0.3 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. Growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate were not significantly affected by the dietary BHT levels among all experimental groups, whereas BHT concentration in the muscle tissue was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner up to 60 days of the experimental period. Thereafter, BHT accumulation in muscle tissue showed a declining trend among all treatment groups. Furthermore, the whole-body proximate composition, nonspecific immune responses, and hematological parameters (except triglycerides) were not significantly influenced by the dietary levels of BHT. Blood triglyceride content was significantly higher in fish fed the BHT-free diet compared to all other treatment groups. Thus, this study demonstrates that dietary BHT (up to 121 mg/kg) is a safe and effective antioxidant without exhibiting any adverse effects on the growth performance, body composition, and immune responses in the marine fish olive flounder, P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gi Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Katya
- Malaysian Aquaponics Research Center, Semenyih, Kuala Lumpur 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
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Sourani Z, Shirian S, Shafiei S, Mosayebi N, Nematollahi A. Modulation of Immune-Related Gene Expressions in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by Dietary Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:214-221. [PMID: 36609893 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To promote fish's immunity against pathogens in the aquaculture industry, fish dietary fortification with additives or compounds has increasingly attracted attention. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as an animal model to investigate the effects of purslane, Portulaca oleracea, extract (PE) on the relative expression level of some immune-related genes. A total of 300 zebrafish were randomly divided into four treatment groups and fed for 8 weeks with the basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of PE. The control group was fed with a basal diet without PE. At the end of 8 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LYZ) in the fish were evaluated. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in the fish fed with 1 and 2% PE compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the evaluation of the mRNA expression level of TGF-β was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the 1.5 and 2% fed groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the IL-10 was significantly downregulated in all treated groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression of the TNF-α gene was not affected amongst all groups by the inclusion of PE in the zebrafish diet (p > 0.05). Based on the results, the diet supplemented with 1.5 and 2% PE significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of LYZ and SOD, respectively, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of PE may result in beneficial effects on some immune responses via upregulation of some immune genes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sourani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shafigh Shafiei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Nadia Mosayebi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Nematollahi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Immunomodulatory Potency of Eclipta alba (Bhringaraj) Leaf Extract in Heteropneustes fossilis against Oomycete Pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020142. [PMID: 36836257 PMCID: PMC9963822 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphanomyces invadans is an aquatic oomycete pathogen and the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fresh and brackish water fish, which is responsible for severe mortalities and economic losses in aquaculture. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-infective strategies to control EUS. An Oomycetes, a fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism, and a susceptible species, i.e., Heteropneustes fossilis, are used to establish whether an Eclipta alba leaf extract is effective against the EUS-causing A. invadans. We found that treatment with methanolic leaf extract, at concentrations between 50-100 ppm (T4-T6), protects the H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. These optimum concentrations induced anti-stress and antioxidative response in fish, marked by a significant decrease in cortisol and elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in treated animals, as compared with the controls. We further demonstrated that the A. invadans-protective effect of methanolic leaf extract was caused by its immunomodulatory effect and is linked to the enhanced survival of fingerlings. The analysis of non-specific and specific immune factors confirms that methanolic leaf extract-induced HSP70, HSP90 and IgM levels mediate the survival of H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. Taken together, our study provides evidence that the generation of anti-stress and antioxidative responses, as well as humoral immunity, may play a role in protecting H. fossilis fingerlings against A. invadans infection. It is probable that E. alba methanolic leaf extract treatment might become part of a holistic strategy to control EUS in fish species.
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Multi Epitopic Peptide Based Vaccine Development Targeting Immobilization Antigen of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: A Computational Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:11. [PMID: 36532362 PMCID: PMC9734321 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The white spot disease causes significant damage to global aquaculture production. A prominent vaccine, eliciting the immunogenicity of freshwater fishes against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis yet to be developed. Thus, an Immunoinformatic drive was implemented to find out the potential epitopes from the surface immobilization antigens. B-cell derived T-cell epitopes are promiscuous elements for new generation peptide-based vaccine designing. A total of eight common B and T-cell epitopes had filtered out with no overlapping manner. Subsequently, the common epitopes are linked up with EAAAKEAAAKEAAAK linker peptides, we also added L7/L12 ribosomal protein adjuvant at the N- terminal side of peptide sequence for eliciting the immune response in a better way. The secondary and tertiary structural properties of the modeled 3D protein revealed that the protein had all the properties required for a protective immunogen. Afterward, three globally used validation server: PROCKECK, ProSA and ERRAT were used to justify the proper coordinate. NMR, Crystallographic range and error plot calculation for vaccine model also been done respectively. This was followed by molecular docking, MD simulation, NMA analysis, in silico cloning and vaccine dose-based immune response simulation to evaluate the immunogenic potency of the vaccine construct. The in silico immune simulation in response to multi-epitopes show antibody generation and elevated levels of cell-mediated immunity during repeated exposure of the vaccine. The favourable results of the in silico analysis significantly specify that the vaccine construct is really a powerful vaccine candidate and ready to proceed to the next steps of experimental validation and efficacy studies. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-022-10475-1.
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Ouyang P, Ren Y, Zhou Y, Li Q, Huang X, Chen D, Geng Y, Guo H, Fang J, Deng H, Lai W, Chen Z, Shu G, Yin L. Characteristics of pathology and transcriptome profiling reveal features of immune response of acutely infected and asymptomatic infected of carp edema virus in Koi. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142830. [PMID: 36923401 PMCID: PMC10009185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Koi sleepy disease (KSD) is a high mortality and infection viral disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV), which was a serious threat to aquaculture of common carp and export trade of Koi worldwide. Asymptomatic infection is an important cause of the difficulty in preventing KSD and its worldwide spread, because asymptomatic infection can be activated under appropriate condition. However, the understanding of the molecular correlates of these infections is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the pathology change, enzyme activity, immunoglobulin activity, host and viral gene expression differences in acutely infected and cohabiting asymptomatic Koi infected with CEV. Healthy Koi were used as a control. The gross pathology, histopathology and ultrastructural pathology showed the difference and characteristics damage to the tissues of Koi under different infection conditions. Periodic Acid-Schiff stain (PAS), enzyme activity and immunoglobulin activity revealed changes in the immune response of gill tissue between acutely infected, asymptomatic infected and healthy Koi. A total of 111 and 2484 upregulated genes and 257 and 4940 downregulated genes were founded in healthy Koi vs asymptomatic infected Koi and healthy Koi vs acutely infected Koi, respectively. Additionally, 878 upregulated genes and 1089 downregulated genes were identified in asymptomatic vs. acutely infected Koi. Immune gene categories and their corresponding genes in different comparison groups were revealed. A total of 3, 59 and 28 immune-related genes were identified in the group of healthy Koi vs asymptomatic infected Koi, healthy Koi vs acutely infected Koi and asymptomatic infected Koi vs acutely infected Koi, respectively. Nineteen immune-related genes have the same expression manner both in healthy Koi vs acutely infected Koi and asymptomatic Koi vs acutely infected Koi, while 9 immune-related genes were differentially expressed only in asymptomatic Koi vs acutely infected Koi, which may play a role in viral reactivation. In addition, 8 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), and the results were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study provide new evidence for further elucidating CEV-host interactions and the CEV infection mechanism and will facilitate the implementation of integrated strategies for controlling CEV infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiang Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiunan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Au-Yeung C, Lam KL, Chan KW, Mo WY. Uses of Antibiotics in Ornamental Fish in Hong Kong and the Antibiotic Resistance in the Associated Zoonotic Pathogens. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:365-377. [PMID: 36547470 PMCID: PMC9783315 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in ornamental fish is not regulated, as they are not intended for human consumption. Although antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in ornamental fish worldwide, there have been no studies to look at the situation in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the use of antibiotics in ornamental fish. Ornamental fish were purchased from five local pet fish shops and the antibiotics in carriage water were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. present in carriage water were isolated and their minimum inhibitory concentrations against selected antibiotics were determined. Results indicated that among the twenty antibiotics screened, doxycycline (0.0155-0.0836 µg L-1), oxytetracycline (0.0102-29.0 µg L-1), tetracycline (0.0350-0.244 µg L-1), enrofloxacin (0.00107-0.247 µg L-1), and oxalinic acid (n.d.-0.514 µg L-1) were detected in all sampled shops. Additionally, MIC results revealed that some of the Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. isolates were highly resistant to all antibiotics selected. Our findings confirmed that multiple antibiotics are being used in ornamental fish and the associated bacteria are resistant to selected antibiotics, suggesting that this could be a significant transmission route of antibiotic resistant bacteria to household indoor environments.
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Shanaka KASN, Jung S, Madushani KP, Wijerathna HMSM, Neranjan Tharuka MD, Kim MJ, Lee J. Generation of viperin-knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering and the effect of this mutation under VHSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:672-681. [PMID: 36309322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Viperin is an important virus-induced protein in animals that negatively participates in RNA viral replication and transcription. The reactive machinery of viperin suggests that it produces a regulatory molecule ddhCTP, which may affect immune regulation. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of viperin in larval and adult stages of zebrafish by whole-mount in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To elucidate the function of viperin, we generated a zebrafish knockout model using the CRISPR/Cas9 method and evaluated the mutation's effects under viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infections. In zebrafish larvae, viperin was expressed in the brain region, eye, and pharynx, which was confirmed by cryosectioning. In adult zebrafish, blood cells showed the highest levels of viperin expression. In 5 dpf fish challenged with VHSV, the expression of the viral NP protein was significantly enhanced in viperin-/- compared to wild-type fish. In vitro VHSV propagation analysis indicated comparatively higher levels of virus propagation in viperin-/- fish. Mortality analysis confirmed higher mortality rates, and interferon gene expression analysis showed a strong upregulation of interferon (ifn)φ1 and 3 gene in viperin-/- fish infected with VHSV. This study describes the successful generation of a viperin-knockout model and the role of viperin during VHSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Madushani
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - H M S M Wijerathna
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37242, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self, Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Splenic protection network revealed by transcriptome analysis in inactivated vaccine-immunized flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) against Edwardsiella tarda infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058599. [PMID: 36439120 PMCID: PMC9681833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The protective immune response produced by fish after vaccination is crucial for vaccine effectiveness. Our previous studies have shown inactivated vaccine against Edwardsiella tarda can induce immune response in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). To elucidate the protective immune response at the genetic level, in this study, flounder was immunized with inactivated E. tarda for 5 weeks, and then they were challenged with E. tarda. The spleen was dissected at 7th day post immunization, 1st and 7th day post challenge, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that average of 46 million clean reads were obtained per library, while percentage of clean reads being mapped to reference genome was more than 89% in all cases, which suggested good quality of samples. As for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification in inactivated E. tarda groups, at 7th day post immunization, 1422 DEGs were identified and significantly enriched in innate immune-related pathways, such as Phagosome, Cell adhesion molecules and NF-kappa B signaling pathway; At 1st post challenge day, 1210 DEGs were identified and enriched to Antigen processing and presentation and Cell adhesion molecules, indicating that the pathogen was rapidly recognized and delivered; At 7th post challenge day, 1929 DEGs were identified, belonged to Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Antigen processing and presentation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and Th17 cell differentiation. Compared to 7th post immunization day, 73 immune-associated DEGs were identified at 1st post challenge day. Protein-protein interaction networks analysis revealed 11 hub genes (TLR7, TLR3, CXCR4, IFIH1, TLR8 etc), associated with recognition of pathogens and activation of innate immunity; while for 7th post challenge day, 141 immune-associated DEGs were identified. 30 hub genes (IL6, STAT1, HSP90A.1, TLR7, IL12β etc) were associated with stimulation of lymphocyte differentiation and activation of cellular immunity. Ten immune-related genes were randomly selected for RT-qPCR validation at each time point. In conclusion, data revealed protection of flounder against E. tarda infection by inactivated vaccine is mediated via immediate recognition of pathogen and subsequently activation of cellular immunity. Results give new aspect for vaccine protection cascades, is good references for vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Rzhechitskiy Y, Gurkov A, Bolbat N, Shchapova E, Nazarova A, Timofeyev M, Borvinskaya E. Adipose Fin as a Natural “Optical Window” for Implantation of Fluorescent Sensors into Salmonid Fish. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213042. [PMID: 36359166 PMCID: PMC9654777 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel optical sensors require implantation into the most transparent organs in order to ensure the most reliable and rapid monitoring of animal health. Widely farmed salmonid fish, such as rainbow trout, have highly translucent adipose fin, which we tested here and showed its high potential as the implantation site for the fluorescent sensors. The filamentous sensors were convenient to inject into the fin, and their optical signal was easily detectable using a simple hand-held device even without immobilization of the fish. Responsiveness of the sensors inside the adipose fin to bodily changes was shown under induced acidosis of fish fluids. The obtained results characterize adipose fin as the favorable site for implantation of optical sensors into salmonids for real-time tracking animal physiological status in basic research and aquaculture. Abstract Implantable optical sensors are emerging tools that have the potential to enable constant real-time monitoring of various internal physiological parameters. Such a possibility will open new horizons for health control not only in medicine, but also in animal husbandry, including aquaculture. In this study, we analyze different organs of commonly farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as implantation sites for fluorescent sensors and propose the adipose fin, lacking an endoskeleton, as the optimal choice. The fin is highly translucent due to significantly thinner dermis, which makes the detectable fluorescence of an implanted sensor operating at the visible light range by more than an order of magnitude higher relative to the skin. Compared to the proximal parts of ray fins, the adipose fin provides easy implantation and visualization of the sensor. Finally, we tested fluorescent pH sensors inside the adipose fin and demonstrated the possibility of acquiring their signal with a simple hand-held device and without fish anesthesia. All these features will most likely make the adipose fin the main “window” into the internal physiological processes of salmonid fish with the help of implantable optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Gurkov
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Bolbat
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shchapova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Baikal Research Centre, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anna Nazarova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Timofeyev
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Borvinskaya
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Kushala KB, Nithin MS, Girisha SK, Dheeraj SB, Sowndarya NS, Puneeth TG, Suresh T, Naveen Kumar BT, Vinay TN. Fish immune responses to natural infection with carp edema virus (Koi sleepy disease): An emerging fish disease in India. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:624-634. [PMID: 36126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pathogen, carp edema virus (CEV) causes koi sleepy disease (KSD) in Koi and common carp causing severe mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a total of 150 fish species belonging to eight different families were sampled from the ornamental fish retailers and farms, located in Karnataka, India. The OIE protocol viz., level-I, II and III diagnoses confirmed the infection of CEV in 10 koi fish. Interestingly, other fish species belonging to different fish family including cyprinidae family were negative to CEV. Further, CEV infection was confirmed by sequencing (partial 4a gene); it showed the similarity with that of CEV reported from India and Germany strains with similarity of 97.4-99.94% and belonged to genogroup IIa. TEM analysis of purified CEV, in vivo cohabitation and tissue infection experiments confirmed the CEV infection. In addition, viral load was significantly higher (106-7 copies) in koi collected from Dakshina Kannada than of Bengaluru (103-4 copies). To understand the host-pathogen interaction, different organs such as gill, kidney, liver and spleen from naturally (CEV) infected koi were used to study the immune gene responses by using eight innate and one adaptive immune response. Results indicated that TNF-α, RohTNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-10, and catalyze β-2M of MHC class I pathway genes were upregulated in koi. Higher expression of immune genes during the CEV infection may have inhibited viral replication and mount an antigenic adaptive response. Similar to other viral infections, interferon-γ play an important role during poxvirus infections. Quantification of immune genes in infected fish will provide insights into the host responses and provide valuable information to devise intervention strategies to prevent and control disease due to CEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Kushala
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Nithin
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Girisha
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - S B Dheeraj
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - N S Sowndarya
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T G Puneeth
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T Suresh
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Naveen Kumar
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - T N Vinay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, MRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
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Scharsack JP, Franke F. Temperature effects on teleost immunity in the light of climate change. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:780-796. [PMID: 35833710 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental modulator of teleost immune activity. Susceptibility of teleosts to temperature variation depends on the species-specific adaptive temperature range, and the activity of the teleost immune system is generally temperature-dependent. Similar to many physiological and metabolic traits of ectotherms, temperature modulates the activity of immune traits. At low temperatures, acquired immunity of many teleost species is down-modulated, and their immuno-competence mainly depends on innate immunity. At intermediate temperatures, both innate and acquired immunity are fully active and provide optimal protection, including long-lasting immunological memory. When temperatures increase and reach the upper permissive range, teleost immunity is compromised. Moreover, temperature shifts may have negative effects on teleost immune functions, in particular if shifts occur rapidly with high amplitudes. On the contrary, short-term temperature increase may help teleost immunity to fight against pathogens transiently. A major challenge to teleosts therefore is to maintain immuno-competence throughout the temperature range they are exposed to. Climate change coincides with rising temperatures, and more frequent and more extreme temperature shifts. Both are likely to influence the immuno-competence of teleosts. Nonetheless, teleosts exist in habitats that differ substantially in temperature, ranging from below zero in the Arctic's to above 40°C in warm springs, illustrating their enormous potential to adapt to different temperature regimes. The present review seeks to discuss how changes in temperature variation, induced by climate change, might influence teleost immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Peter Scharsack
- Department for Fish Diseases, Thuenen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Frederik Franke
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Department of Biodiversity, Nature Protection & Wildlife Management, Freising, Germany
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