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Harsono D, Atre S, Peterson H, Nyhan K, Garmroudi D, Davis JL, Ho W, Khoshnood K. A Scoping Review of Factors Associated with HIV Acquisition in the Context of Humanitarian Crises. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04504-x. [PMID: 39292318 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Humanitarian crises-natural or human-made events that can threaten communities' health, safety, security, and well-being-may affect the HIV epidemic dynamics. Common aspects of humanitarian crises such as poverty, powerlessness, disruptions to the health systems, and social instability can contribute to a person's vulnerability to HIV infection through increased risk behaviors and limited access to health services. Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of literature published in English between January 1990 and March 2022 to characterize the global evidence of modifiable and non-modifiable factors for HIV acquisition in the context of humanitarian crises. We systematically searched, screened, and synthesized literature from MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health (all accessed via Ovid), and Scopus, and also grey literature through websites of humanitarian agencies and relevant non-government organizations, the International AIDS Society's abstract databases, and Google Scholar. We considered studies presenting empirical data on HIV prevalence, incidence, or risk factors in humanitarian crises-affected populations, including refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons. Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were quantitative (n = 43, 87.8%) and cross-sectional (n = 37, 75.5%) in design. Most were single-country studies (n = 43, 87.8%) and conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 31, 63.3%). We identified 5 non-modifiable factors for HIV acquisition (i.e., age, gender, location, place of birth or origin, and ethnicity) and 60 modifiable factors that we further classified into five categories, namely 18 policy and structural, 9 sociocultural, 11 health and mental health, 16 sexual practice, and 6 humanitarian crisis-related traumatic event factors. Within the modifiable categories, factors that were most often investigated were education level, marital status, sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, condom use, and experience of rape or sexual trauma, respectively. Informed by the findings, we applied the social-ecological model to map the identified multidimensional factors associated with HIV acquisition at the levels of individual, social and sexual networks, community, public policy, and the context of humanitarian crises. The current review provides a comprehensive, global analysis of the available evidence on HIV prevalence, incidence, and risk factors in humanitarian crises and implications for potential programs and research. Future research is warranted to further understand the directionality of the non-modifiable and modifiable factors affecting HIV acquisition, and the multilevel barriers and facilitators to the uptake of HIV prevention strategies in the context of humanitarian crises. Such research can generate actionable evidence to inform the development of ethical, trauma-informed, and culturally appropriate HIV prevention interventions in humanitarian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Harsono
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Swarali Atre
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hanna Peterson
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dina Garmroudi
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Lucian Davis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Winnie Ho
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St, Suite 200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Mackesy‐Amiti ME, Bahromov M, Levy JA, Jonbekov J, Luc CM. Changes in risk behaviour following a network peer education intervention for HIV prevention among male Tajik migrants who inject drugs in Moscow: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Int AIDS Soc 2024; 27 Suppl 3:e26310. [PMID: 39030891 PMCID: PMC11258451 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The "Migrants' Approached Self-Learning Intervention in HIV/AIDS for Tajiks" (MASLIHAT) recruits and trains Tajik labour migrants who inject drugs as peer educators (PEs) in delivering HIV prevention information and encouragement to adopt risk-reduction norms and practices within their diaspora social networks while reducing their own HIV risk. METHODS The MASLIHAT intervention was tested in Moscow in a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 12 recruitment sites assigned to either the MASLIHAT intervention or an equal-time peer-educator training focused on other health conditions (TANSIHAT). From October 2021 to April 2022, 140 male Tajik migrants who inject drugs were recruited as PEs to attend the 5-session MASLIHAT training or the TANSIHAT non-HIV comparison condition. Each participant in both groups recruited two network members (NMs) who inject drugs with the intent to share with them the information and positive strategies for change they had learned (n = 280). All PEs and NMs (n = 420) participated in baseline and follow-up interviews at 3-month intervals for 1 year. All received HIV counselling and testing. Modified mixed effects Poisson regressions tested for group differences in injection practices, sexual risk behaviours and heavy alcohol use over time. RESULTS At baseline, across both groups, 75% of participants reported receptive syringe sharing (RSS), 42% reported condomless sex and 20% reported binge drinking at least once a month. In contrast to TANSIHAT where HIV risk behaviours remained the same, significant intervention effects that were sustained over the 12 months were observed for receptive syringe and ancillary equipment sharing among both MASLIHAT PEs and NMs (p < 0.0001). Significant declines in the prevalence of sexual risk behaviours were also associated with the MASLIHAT intervention (p < 0.01), but not the comparison condition. Binge alcohol use was not affected in either condition; the MASLIHAT intervention had a transitory effect on drinking frequency that dissipated after 9 months. CONCLUSIONS The MASLIHAT peer-education intervention proved highly effective in reducing HIV-related injection risk behaviour, and moderately effective in reducing sexual risk behaviour among both PEs and NMs. Network-based peer education is an important tool for HIV prevention among people who inject drugs, especially in environments that are not amenable to community-based harm reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith A. Levy
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Casey M. Luc
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Ryan P, Manzano S, Deihim-Rahampour N, Cuevas G, Martin-Gonzalez L, Gonzalez-Baeza A, Torres P, Lazarus JV, Torres-Macho J, Valencia J, Sanchez-Conde M. HIV-infected Latin American asylum seekers in Madrid, Spain, 2022: A prospective cohort study from a major gateway in Europe. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300692. [PMID: 39027943 PMCID: PMC11258946 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.29.2300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent migration trends have shown a notable entry of Latin American asylum seekers to Madrid, Spain.AimTo characterise the profile of asylum-seeking Latin American migrants who are living with HIV in Spain and to outline the barriers they face in accessing HIV treatment.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 with a 6-month follow-up period. Latin American asylum seekers living with HIV were recruited mainly from non-governmental organisations and received care at an HIV clinic in a public hospital in Madrid.ResultsWe included 631 asylum seekers. The primary countries of origin were Colombia (30%), Venezuela (30%) and Peru (18%). The median age was 32 years (interquartile range (IQR): 28-37), and 553 (88%) were cis men of which 94% were men who have sex with men. Upon their arrival, 49% (n = 309) lacked social support, and 74% (n = 464) faced barriers when attempting to access the healthcare system. Upon entry in Europe, 500 (77%) participants were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). At their first evaluation at the HIV clinic, only 386 (61%) had continued taking ART and 33% (n = 209) had detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Six months later, 99% took ART and 98% had achieved an undetectable viral load.ConclusionsLatin American asylum seekers living with HIV in Madrid, Spain encountered barriers to healthcare and to ART. One-third of these individuals presented detectable HIV viral load when assessed in the HIV clinic, highlighting this as an important public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ryan
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Samuel Manzano
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neda Deihim-Rahampour
- Fundación Estatal, Salud, Infancia y Bienestar Social, F.S.P. (FSCAI), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Torres
- Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica H.U. Infanta Leonor y H.U. Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, United States
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Valencia
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share last authorship
- Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica H.U. Infanta Leonor y H.U. Sureste, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sanchez-Conde
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share last authorship
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sohel MS, Sifullah MK, Hossain B, Sarker MFH, Zaman NT, Obaidullah M. Exploring risky health behaviors and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases among transnational undocumented labor migrants from Bangladesh: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1261. [PMID: 38720262 PMCID: PMC11077713 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Bangladesh, remittances constitute a substantial portion of the country's foreign exchange earnings and serve as a primary source of income. However, a considerable number of Bangladeshi citizens reside overseas without proper documentation, exposing them to significant challenges such as limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic opportunities. Moreover, their irregular migration status often results in engaging in risky health behaviors that further exacerbate their vulnerability. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the risky health behavior and HIV/STI susceptibility of Bangladeshi irregular international migrants residing across the globe with undocumented status. METHODS Using a qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Approach (IPA), 25 illegal migrants were interviewed who are currently living illegally or returned to their home country. The author used a thematic approach to code and analyze the data, combining an integrated data-driven inductive approach with a deductive approach. Concurrent processing and coding were facilitated by employing the Granheim model in data analysis. RESULTS The study identified four risky health behaviors among irregular Bangladeshi migrants: hazardous living conditions, risky jobs, suicidal ideation, and tobacco consumption. Additionally, the authors found some HIV/STI risk behavior among them including engaging in unprotected sex, consuming alcohol and drugs during sexual activity, and having limited access to medical facilities. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study can be used by health professional, governments, policymakers, NGOs, and concerned agencies to develop welfare strategies and initiatives for vulnerable undocumented migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salman Sohel
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Leadership, Management & Governance, East Delta University, Chattogram-4209, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khaled Sifullah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
- Global Migration Observer, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Babul Hossain
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fouad Hossain Sarker
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
- Centre for Governance and Sustainability, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | - Noshin Tasnim Zaman
- School of Humanities and Social Science, BRAC University, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Obaidullah
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
- Centre For Global Migration Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
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Chimoyi L, Ndini P, Oladimeji M, Seatlholo N, Mawokomatanda K, Charalambous S, Setswe G. Exploring the syndemic interaction between social, environmental and structural contexts of HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076198. [PMID: 38521520 PMCID: PMC10961556 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the syndemic interaction between social, environmental, and structural contexts and HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa. DESIGN Mixed qualitative methods consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) exploring the interaction between HIV infection and the social, environmental and structural factors affecting people living in the peri-mining areas of South Africa. Themes were analysed following the syndemic theoretical framework. SETTING Participants were recruited from three mining companies and locations in the peri-mining communities surrounding the mining companies in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Northern Cape provinces. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria included mineworkers, healthcare workers, female sex workers (FSWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and other community members, ≥18 years, living in the peri-mining area at the time of participation. Three FGDs were conducted (n=30): 13 men and 17 women aged 18-55 years. IDIs were conducted with 45 participants: mineworkers (n=10), healthcare workers (n=11), FSWs (n=15), truck drivers (n=4) and IDUs (n=5). RESULTS The findings from this study indicate that a syndemic of four socio-behavioural factors is associated with HIV acquisition in peri-mining areas. These are migrancy, accessibility to alcohol and substance use, commercial and transactional sex, and uptake of HIV prevention services. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for HIV prevention programmes in mining companies, which rely on male condom usage promotion. More emphasis on better education about HIV prevalence, transmission and up-to-date prevention alternatives, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for mineworkers is recommended. Furthermore, collaboration with community-based organisations is recommended to wholly address the syndemic factors influencing HIV transmission in peri-mining communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Chimoyi
- Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pretty Ndini
- Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Matthew Oladimeji
- Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nieser Seatlholo
- Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Salome Charalambous
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey Setswe
- Implementation Research, The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Leite BO, Magno L, Bastos FI, Dourado I. Association between in-country migration and HIV infection among transgender women from northeastern Brazil: a respondent-driven sampling survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:589. [PMID: 38395804 PMCID: PMC10893649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is common among transgender women (TGW), often driven by the desire to escape stigma, find acceptance, establish new connections, access body modifications, or enter new avenues of sex work. Given the heightened mobility of TGW, they are mostly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to migration. This study aimed to evaluate the association between in-country migration and HIV infection among TGW in Northeast Brazil. METHODS The DIVAS was a cross-sectional, multicity study investigating risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among TGW in 2016-2017. A total of 864 TGW were recruited through respondent-driven sampling from three capital cities in Northeast Brazil. Logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to assess the relationship between in-country migration and HIV infection. RESULTS The prevalence of HIV among TGW was 24.5%, 21.4% among those aged 18-34 and 36.1% among those ≥ 35 years old. In-country migration increased the odds of HIV infection among TGW aged 18-34 years (OR = 1.84; 95%CI:1.04-3.27) and even higher among those aged ≥ 35y old (OR = 3.08; 95%CI:1.18-8.04). CONCLUSIONS These data reinforce the pressing need for public health policies that provide comprehensive access and strategies for demand creation for HIV/AIDS prevention and care for TGW who are already highly vulnerable to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beo Oliveira Leite
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Universitário do Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laio Magno
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Universitário do Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Life Sciences Department, Bahia State University, Campus1, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Dourado
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Universitário do Canela, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Burns PA, Mutunga C. Addressing the Impact of Climate Change on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 12:GHSP-D-23-00374. [PMID: 38365281 PMCID: PMC10906547 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to better understand the role of climate change on sexual and reproductive health outcomes, particularly among adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries. Stakeholders at all levels should apply a rights-based, gendered approach to climate action and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Burns
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Division of Research, Technology and Utilization, Washington, DC
- American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC
| | - Clive Mutunga
- BUILD (Building Capacity for Integrated Family Planning & Reproductive Health and Population, Environment and Development Action), The African Institute for Development for Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
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Nardell MF, Govathson C, Mngadi-Ncube S, Ngcobo N, Letswalo D, Lurie M, Miot J, Long L, Katz IT, Pascoe S. Migrant men and HIV care engagement in Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:435. [PMID: 38347453 PMCID: PMC10860300 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of migration on the continent, largely comprised of men seeking labor opportunities in urban centers. Migrant men are at risk for challenges engaging in HIV care. However, rates of HIV and patterns of healthcare engagement among migrant men in urban Johannesburg are poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed data from 150 adult men (≥ 18 years) recruited in 10/2020-11/2020 at one of five sites in Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, SA where migrants typically gather for work, shelter, transit, or leisure: a factory, building materials store, homeless shelter, taxi rank, and public park. Participants were surveyed to assess migration factors (e.g., birth location, residency status), self-reported HIV status, and use and knowledge of HIV and general health services. Proportions were calculated with descriptive statistics. Associations between migration factors and health outcomes were examined with Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Internal migrants, who travel within the country, were defined as South African men born outside Gauteng Province. International migrants were defined as men born outside SA. RESULTS Two fifths (60/150, 40%) of participants were internal migrants and one fifth (33/150, 22%) were international migrants. More internal migrants reported living with HIV than non-migrants (20% vs 6%, p = 0.042), though in a multi-variate analysis controlling for age, being an internal migrant was not a significant predictor of self-reported HIV positive status. Over 90% all participants had undergone an HIV test in their lifetime. Less than 20% of all participants had heard of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), with only 12% international migrants having familiarity with PrEP. Over twice as many individuals without permanent residency or citizenship reported "never visiting a health facility," as compared to citizens/permanent residents (28.6% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a high proportion of migrants within our community-based sample of men and demonstrated a need for HIV and other healthcare services that effectively reach migrants in Johannesburg. Future research is warranted to further disaggregate this heterogenous population by different dimensions of mobility and to understand how to design HIV programs in ways that will address migrants' challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Nardell
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Caroline Govathson
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithabile Mngadi-Ncube
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nkosinathi Ngcobo
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Letswalo
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Lurie
- Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jacqui Miot
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Long
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid Theresa Katz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Pascoe
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Luc CM, Levy J, Bahromov M, Jonbekov J, Mackesy-Amiti ME. HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38212755 PMCID: PMC10782601 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and self-perception of risk for HIV among people who inject drugs is complex and understudied, especially among temporary migrant workers who inject drugs (MWID) while in a host country. In Russia, Tajik migrants make up the largest proportion of Moscow's foreign labor. Yet, HIV knowledge and self-perceived risk in association with sexual risk behavior among male Tajik MWID in Moscow remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This research examines knowledge about HIV transmission, self-perception of HIV risk, and key psychosocial factors that possibly contribute to sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor MWID living in Moscow. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted with 420 male Tajik labor MWID. Modified Poisson regression models investigated possible associations between major risk factors and HIV sexual risk behavior. RESULTS Of the 420 MWID, 255 men (61%) reported sexual activity in the last 30 days. Level of HIV knowledge was not associated in either direction with condom use or risky sexual partnering, as measured by sex with multiple partners or female sex workers (FSW). Lower self-perceived HIV risk was associated with a greater likelihood of sex with multiple partners (aPR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.40) and FSW (aPR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.59), but was not associated with condom use. Police-enacted stigma was associated with sex with multiple partners (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and FSW (aPR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.54). While depression and lower levels of loneliness were associated with condomless sex (aPR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.24; aPR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.92, respectively), only depression was associated with condomless sex with FSW (aPR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.54). CONCLUSIONS HIV prevention programing for male Tajik MWID must go beyond solely educating about factors associated with HIV transmission to include increased awareness of personal risk based on engaging in these behaviors. Additionally, psychological services to counter depression and police-enacted stigma are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Levy
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Wasti SP, Shrestha A, Atteraya MS, GC VS. Migrant workers' health-related research in Nepal: A bibliometric study. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100147. [PMID: 38515805 PMCID: PMC10954020 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background In recent years, the health of migrants has become an important global public health issue. However, less is known about the current status of research activity among Nepalese migrants' health. This study aimed to assess the current status of research activity by analysing published peer review literature on Nepalese migrants' health. Methods A systematic search of published literature on Nepalese migrant workers' health was conducted in Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science, and a bibliometric analysis methodology was used. The search of databases retrieved 520 records, and a total of 161 papers were included in the analysis. Bibliometric analyses were performed in R and VoSViewer to create visualisation maps. Results The retrieved documents were published in the last three decades, and a total of 533 researchers originating from 24 countries contributed to the literature. A large proportion of papers (n=22) were published in a single year, in 2019, and the number of authors per journal ranged from one to 14. The topmost preferred journals for publications in Nepalese migrants' health were PLoS One (n=9), followed by the Journal of Immigration and Minority Health (n=6). The retrieved articles received 2425 citations, with an average of 15.1 citations per article. The study identified nine overlapping research domains (thematic areas) - infectious disease, non-communicable diseases, health and lifestyle, sexual and reproductive health, access to health services, workplace safety, maternal health, gender-based violence, and health system and policy. Conclusion The present bibliometric study fills an analytical gap in the field of migrat's health research in Nepal and provides evidence and insights to advocate the formulation of strategies to promote the migrants' health vulnerabilities often associated with individual-related hazards such as working in 'difficult, dirty, and dangerous (3Ds) working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada P. Wasti
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Madhu Sudhan Atteraya
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Science, Keimyung University, South Korea
| | - Vijay S. GC
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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11
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Nagai S, Kitahara T, Kito K, Hitosugi M. HIV/AIDS knowledge level, awareness of public health centers and related factors: a cross-sectional study among Brazilians in Japan. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2379. [PMID: 38037053 PMCID: PMC10691059 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate information is essential so that HIV infection can be detected in time for initiation of HIV/AIDS treatment. Immigrants are at high risk for delayed HIV testing and diagnosis, but foreign residents in Japan also seem to face barriers to accessing HIV/AIDS care. We aimed to assess their knowledge level of HIV/AIDS and awareness of public health centers in Japan (PHCs), and to explore factors related to these items. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of Brazilians, the largest group of foreigners living in Shiga, using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey in Brazilian Portuguese and Japanese via the Internet and mail. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to "Knowledge of HIV/AIDS" and "Awareness of PHCs". RESULTS A total 182 Brazilians responded. More than half of them were beginners in Japanese. Most respondents were familiar with HIV/AIDS, but only 58% knew the existence of PHCs, and only 25% knew that HIV testing is available at PHCs free of charge and anonymously. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that PHCs were less recognized by those with intermediate (odds ratio: 5.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.53-21.23) and beginner (odds ratio: 6.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.98-23.45) Japanese proficiency than by those with advanced. CONCLUSIONS This survey revealed the knowledge level of HIV/AIDS and awareness of PHC among Brazilians in Shiga. Their lack of awareness of PHCs due to language barriers may lead to delays in HIV testing among them. Therefore, it is important for PHCs to disseminate information about medical services related to HIV/AIDS in Portuguese and plain Japanese to facilitate their access to HIV testing. However, PHC efforts alone are not enough. Medical interpreters who are familiar with Brazilian culture and customs, and the clinics that employ them, could help the Brazilian community and PHCs to overcome the language barrier and provide efficient and appropriate medical care to Brazilians. This would be one way to eliminate delays in HIV testing for Brazilians in Shiga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Nagai
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa Cho, Otsu City, 520- 2192, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa Cho, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Teruyo Kitahara
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa Cho, Otsu City, 520- 2192, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Kito
- Department of Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa Cho, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahito Hitosugi
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa Cho, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan
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12
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Ha T, Shi H, Givens D, Nguyen T, Nguyen N. Factors impacting HIV testing among young sexually active women migrant workers in Vietnamese industrial zones. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1938. [PMID: 37803339 PMCID: PMC10559500 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young migrant workers living in low- and middle-income countries often experience barriers and inadequate access to HIV prevention and treatment services. This study examines the prevalence of HIV testing, associated factors, and reasons for obtaining and not obtaining HIV testing among young sexually active women migrant workers in an industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 512 sexually active young women migrant workers (aged 18 to 29) working in the Thang Long industrial zone in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data was collected via a face-to-face interview from January 2020 to June 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with ever-testing for HIV among sexually active participants. RESULTS The study found a low level of HIV testing and high rates of unprotected sex. Among those who reported being sexually active, only 23.7% of participants (n = 126) reported having ever been tested for HIV. Among those who reported never having tested for HIV, 38.2% reported not using condoms during their most recent sexual encounter. Factors associated with engaging in HIV testing included being older (25-29 years), having greater knowledge about HIV, past use of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services, and familiarity with HIV testing locations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, a low level of HIV testing, high rates of unprotected sex, and low perceived risks regarding HIV among the study participants point to a need to implement targeted HIV interventions that can improve both safe sex practices and perceptions of and knowledge about risky sexual behaviors. Such interventions should use insights from this study to address factors facilitating HIV testing among industrial zones' women migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Ha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Givens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mlangeni N, Adetokunboh O, Lembani M, Malotle M, Ngah V, Nyasulu PS. Provision of HIV prevention and care services to farmworkers in sub-Saharan African countries. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:710-719. [PMID: 37643626 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services available to farmworkers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS We conducted a systematic review to understand which HIV prevention and care services were accessed by farm workers in SSA. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO Host), Cochrane library, African Index Medicus, Scopus, Google Scholar, Open Grey, and Web of Science Proceedings Citation Index were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they measured or reported on the presence of HIV workplace policy frameworks, guidelines, or programmes for HIV prevention, treatment and care services, and other treatment modalities specifically targeting farmworkers. RESULTS Nine studies published between 2005 and 2019 were included in the review. Six themes emerged from included studies, which include HIV policy, HIV prevention (awareness, education, and condom supply), voluntary counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART), linkage to care, and mobile clinic. Though availability of an HIV policy was inadequate, a significant positive impact of the HIV policy in influencing behaviour change was reported. Most of the farm workers could access HIV education and condom supply in their places of work. Access to ART, treatment support, and linkage to care was inadequate, but community outreach programmes and mobile clinics showed success in reaching a high number of workers with HIV testing and treatment. A majority of farm workers faced barriers in accessing government health facilities. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that there is poor access to HIV services for farmworkers in SSA. There is a dire need to scale up HIV services and programmes, including mobile health facilities, in agricultural settings. Due to high labour migration patterns among farmworkers, we recommend cross-country HIV programmes that allow continuity of care across borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosimilo Mlangeni
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of National Health Laboratory Services, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olatunji Adetokunboh
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- The University of the People, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Martina Lembani
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Molebogeng Malotle
- Division of National Health Laboratory Services, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vera Ngah
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Luo D, Zhang K, Chen Y, Chen D, Zhao H, Luo G, Ke W, Wu S, Li L, Cao H, Cao B, Cai Y, Wang Z, Lin Q, Meng X, Zou H. Sexual risk behaviours among factory workers in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional study. Sex Health 2023; 20:315-322. [PMID: 37121601 DOI: 10.1071/sh23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factory workers are a key population for HIV transmission in China, as they often engage in sexual risk behaviours. This study aims to evaluate sexual risk behaviours and associated factors among factory workers in Shenzhen, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Full-time workers aged ≥18years were eligible to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied to assess factors associated with sexual risk behaviours. RESULTS A total of 2029 factory workers were included. Mean age was 37.2 (±4.4)years; 48.5% were men. Two-thirds (64.9%) had had vaginal intercourse. Their sexual risk behaviours included condomless sex with casual partners in the last sex episode (23.6%), multiple sex partners (11.5%) and engaging in commercial sex (8.4%), in the past year. Having HIV/AIDS knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-0.70) and using a condom at sexual debut (AOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.05-0.13) were factors associated with condomless sex with casual partners in the last sex episode. Males (AOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.96-4.69 and AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60), local workers (AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.01-4.42 and AOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.63-7.21), being single (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.39-3.01 and AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.61-3.87), having sexual debut aged Conclusions : Sexual risk behaviours were prevalent despite most participants having basic HIV/AIDS knowledge. Future workplace-based prevention programs should target factory workers and there should be a focus on enhanced sexual education to reduce HIV transmission in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dahui Chen
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ganfeng Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wujian Ke
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaomin Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Cao
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qihui Lin
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Meng
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; and Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mackesy-Amiti ME, Levy JA, Bahromov M, Jonbekov J, Luc CM. HIV and Hepatitis C Risk among Tajik Migrant Workers Who Inject Drugs in Moscow. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5937. [PMID: 37297541 PMCID: PMC10252367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to grow with most infections occurring in high-risk groups including people who inject drugs and their sexual partners. Labor migrants from this region who inject drugs while in Russia are at especially high HIV risk. Male Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow (N = 420) were interviewed prior to a randomized trial of the Migrants' Approached Self-Learning Intervention in HIV/AIDS (MASLIHAT) peer-education HIV-prevention intervention. Participants were interviewed about their sex and drug use behavior and tested for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) prior to the intervention. Only 17% had ever been tested for HIV. Over half of the men reported injecting with a previously used syringe in the past month, and substantial proportions reported risky sexual behavior. Prevalence rates of HIV (6.8%) and HCV (2.9%) were elevated, although lower than expected when compared to estimates of prevalence among people who inject drugs at the national level in Tajikistan. Risk behavior in diaspora varied across the men's regional area of origin in Tajikistan and occupation in Moscow, with HIV prevalence rates highest among those working at the bazaars. Evidence-based prevention approaches and messaging that specifically address the drug- and sex-related risk behavior of migrants with varying backgrounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith A. Levy
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Casey M. Luc
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Reardon C, Wadley A, Parker R. Context counts: Investigating pain management interventions in HIV-positive men living in a rural area. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2023; 15:e1-e11. [PMID: 37265161 PMCID: PMC10244940 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain remains a prevalent and burdensome complaint for people living with human immunodeficiency virus and/or aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (LWHA). Positive Living (PL), a multimodal pain intervention, reduced pain in female South Africans LWHA. We investigated the efficacy of the PL programme in South African males living with human immunodeficiency virus and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MLWA) in a rural community. AIM To determine the effects of a multimodal pain intervention in MLWHA. SETTING Various primary care clinics in Manguzi, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. METHODOLOGY Therapeutic relationship (TR) intervention alone or in combination with the PL programme were allocated to HIV-positive men between the ages of 18-40. Pain intensity and interference were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures included physical function, health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy. RESULTS Forty-seven men (mean age 35 ± 3 years) were recruited with baseline mean pain severity of 5.02 (± 3.01) and pain interference of 4.6 (± 3.18). Nineteen men were allocated to the TR intervention alone, 28 were allocated to the TR intervention and PL programme. Attendance at the intervention sessions varied from 10% to 36%. No changes in any outcomes were recorded. CONCLUSION Poor attendance at the intervention and follow-up sessions make these results an unreliable reflection of the intervention. Contextual factors including internal migration and issues around employment were identified. These may influence healthcare utilisation for MLWHA living in rural settings.Contribution: Unmet healthcare needs of MLWHA in a rural community have been identified. If we are to 'leave no one behind', healthcare interventions should account for context and be 'rural-proofed'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Reardon
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; and Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; and Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town.
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Thorp M, Ayieko J, Hoffman RM, Balakasi K, Camlin CS, Dovel K. Mobility and HIV care engagement: a research agenda. J Int AIDS Soc 2023; 26:e26058. [PMID: 36943731 PMCID: PMC10029995 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobility is common and an essential livelihood strategy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Mobile people suffer worse outcomes at every stage of the HIV care cascade compared to non-mobile populations. Definitions of mobility vary widely, and research on the role of temporary mobility (as opposed to permanent migration) in HIV treatment outcomes is often lacking. In this article, we review the current landscape of mobility and HIV care research to identify what is already known, gaps in the literature, and recommendations for future research. DISCUSSION Mobility in SSA is closely linked to income generation, though caregiving, climate change and violence also contribute to the need to move. Mobility is likely to increase in the coming decades, both due to permanent migration and increased temporary mobility, which is likely much more common. We outline three central questions regarding mobility and HIV treatment outcomes in SSA. First, it is unclear what aspects of mobility matter most for HIV care outcomes and if high-risk mobility can be identified or predicted, which is necessary to facilitate targeted interventions for mobile populations. Second, it is unclear what groups are most vulnerable to mobility-associated treatment interruption and other adverse outcomes. And third, it is unclear what interventions can improve HIV treatment outcomes for mobile populations. CONCLUSIONS Mobility is essential for people living with HIV in SSA. HIV treatment programmes and broader health systems must understand and adapt to human mobility, both to promote the rights and welfare of mobile people and to end the HIV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Thorp
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - James Ayieko
- Center for Microbiology ResearchKenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya
| | - Risa M. Hoffman
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Carol S. Camlin
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology & Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for AIDS Prevention StudiesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn Dovel
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Partners in HopeLilongweMalawi
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Mackesy-Amiti ME, Levy JA, Bahromov M, Jonbekov J, Luc CM. HIV and hepatitis C risk among Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2622346. [PMID: 36909589 PMCID: PMC10002823 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2622346/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Background . The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to grow with most infections occurring in high-risk groups including people who inject drugs and their sexual partners. Labor migrants from this region who inject drugs while in Russia are at especially high HIV risk. Methods . We recruited 420 male Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow for a peer-education HIV prevention intervention trial. Participants were interviewed about their sex and drug use behavior and tested for HIV and hepatitis C prior to the intervention. Results . Over half of the men reported injecting with a previously used syringe in the past month. Many men reported condomless sex (42%), multiple sex partners (30%), and sex with sex workers (42%). Only 17% had ever been tested for HIV. Despite substantial risk behavior, prevalence rates of HIV (6.8%) and HCV (2.9%) although elevated were lower than expected when compared to estimates of prevalence among PWID at the national level in Tajikistan. Risk behavior in diaspora varied across the men’s regional area of origin in Tajikistan and occupation in Moscow with HIV prevalence rates highest among those working at the bazaars. Conclusion . Tajik male migrants who inject drugs in Moscow are at heightened risk for HIV and hepatitis C. Evidence-based prevention approaches and messaging that specifically address the drug- and sex-related risk behavior of migrants from different parts of Tajikistan, employment sectors within the destination city, and socio-demographic background are needed.
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Zhao P, Wang J, Hall BJ, Sakyi K, Rafiq MY, Bodomo A, Wang C. HIV testing uptake, enablers, and barriers among African migrants in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study. J Glob Health 2022; 12:11015. [PMID: 36527361 PMCID: PMC9758700 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African migrants in China face social, structural, and cultural barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with scarce information on their HIV testing behaviours. This study estimated the prevalence of HIV testing and its social and behavioural correlates to understand how to better provide HIV testing services for African migrants living in China. Methods We conducted a national cross-sectional survey among adult African migrants who lived in China for more than one month between January 19 to February 7, 2021. The survey was disseminated online through six African community organizations and via participant referrals. We collected data on HIV testing behaviours and history of HIV testing, social, and cultural factors and applied univariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify testing correlates. Results Among a total of 1305 participants, 72.9% (n = 951/1305) tested for HIV during their stay in China and yielded a self-reported HIV prevalence of 0.4% (n = 4/951). The most common reason for HIV testing was to comply with Chinese residence policy requirements (88.5%, n = 842/951); for not testing was "no need to be tested" (79.4%, n = 281/354). We found most African migrants have experienced low acculturation stress (54.5%, n = 750/1305), low social discrimination (65.6%, n = 856/1305), have a moderate stigma towards HIV (54.3%, n = 709/1305), and low community engagement around sexual health and HIV topics. In multivariable analysis, African migrants who were students (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.36, 95% CI = 2.40-4.71), living in student dormitories (aOR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.51-9.84), received health services in China in past year (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.25-2.23), had lifetime sexually transmitted infections (STI) testing (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.23-3.10), had HIV testing before coming to China (aOR = 13.56, 95% CI = 9.36-19.65), and those engaged in community discussions of HIV and sexual health (aOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.31-5.83) were more likely to test for HIV in China. Conclusions Despite 73% of African migrants having tested for HIV in China, there are unmet needs and barriers identified in our study, such as language barriers. Access to HIV knowledge and testing services were the most important enablers for testing, including studentship, past STI/HIV testing, and community discussion on sexual health. Culturally appropriate and community-based outreach programs to provide information on HIV and testing venues for African migrants might be helpful to promote testing uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Zhao
- STD Control Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwame Sakyi
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA,Center for Learning and Childhood Development, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Adams Bodomo
- School of Liberal Arts, Xi'an University, Xi'an, China,African Studies Department, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Wang
- STD Control Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health, Guangzhou, China
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Somerset S, Jones W, Evans C, Cirelli C, Mbang D, Blake H. Opt-in HIV testing in construction workplaces: an exploration of its suitability, using the socioecological framework. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1409. [PMID: 35870921 PMCID: PMC9308504 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late diagnosis of HIV remains a challenge, despite improved testing and treatment. Testing is often targeted at high-risk groups; workplace events might normalise testing and allow access to a wider population. The construction workforce has a number of risk factors for HIV. In the Test@Work study, HIV tests were delivered within general health checks to construction employees, with high uptake and acceptability. This paper reports on the experiences of construction managers and health professionals involved in Test@Work and explores the suitability of construction worksites as a venue for opt-in HIV testing. Methods Qualitative interviews (n = 24) were conducted with construction managers who had facilitated health check/HIV testing (n = 13), and delivery partners (n = 11) including i) healthcare volunteers who had delivered general health checks (n = 7) and, ii) HIV professionals who had conducted HIV testing (n = 4) at 21 Test@Work events held on construction sites. Interviews explored their experiences of these events and views towards HIV testing in the workplace. Exit questionnaires (n = 107) were completed by delivery partners after every event, providing qualitative data identifying facilitators and barriers to effective delivery. Thematic analysis identified themes that were mapped against a socioecological framework. Results Delivery partners reported high engagement of construction workers with workplace HIV testing, peer-to-peer encouragement for uptake, and value for accessibility of onsite testing. HIV professionals valued the opportunity to reach an untested population, many of whom had a poor understanding of their exposure to HIV risk. Managers valued the opportunity to offer workplace health checks to employees but some identified challenges with event planning, or provision of private facilities. Conclusions The construction sector is complex with a largely male workforce. Providing worksite HIV testing and education to an untested population who have poor knowledge about HIV risk helped to normalise testing, encourage uptake and reduce HIV-related stigma. However, there are practical barriers to testing in the construction environment. Rapid testing may not be the most suitable approach given the challenges of maintaining confidentiality on construction worksites and alternatives should be explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13787-5.
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Paloga A, Arthan D, Maneekan P, Kitcharoen P, Wattanapisit A, Paratthakonkun C, Phuanukoonnon S, Tun SLNW, Soonthornworasiri N. HIV and syphilis knowledge, perceptions, and practices among Myanmar migrant workers in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2206. [PMID: 36443736 PMCID: PMC9706871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thailand has been one of the largest migration hubs in Southeast Asia for the past four decades and keeps attracting migrants from neighboring countries. Due to difficulties associated with their status, migration can place individuals at a heightened risk for sexually transmitted diseases. This study aimed to examine factors influencing HIV and syphilis preventive behaviors among Myanmar migrants in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted among Myanmar migrants aged 18 years and above in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. To fulfill this study's aims, four hundred seventy-three respondents completed a survey to provide quantitative data, and eight participants completed in-depth qualitative interviews. The factors associated with protective sexual behaviors were identified with multiple logistic regression analysis of the quantitative study data and thematic analysis of the qualitative data. RESULTS The respondents showed good knowledge of HIV and syphilis (50.1%), but over half (55.6%) exhibited the negative perception of sexually transmitted disease prevention; about 81.4% of male respondents never used a condom when they had sexual intercourse in the past year. Based on multivariate analysis, income expenses-balance (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.379, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-5.731, p = 0.049), number of sex partners (AOR = 3.044, 95% CI: 1.339-6.924, p = 0.008), and having sex with a prostitute (AOR = 6.085, 95% CI: 1.28-28.918, p = 0.023) were all statistically associated with unprotected sex. In the qualitative analysis, knowledge, understanding, beliefs; the influence of culture, community, and environment; and condom perceptions were also important factors. CONCLUSION Low use of condoms in sexual practice was identified, and the appropriate intervention or approach to improve the utilization of condoms in the community was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfrison Paloga
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Pannamas Maneekan
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Patreeya Kitcharoen
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Apichai Wattanapisit
- grid.412867.e0000 0001 0043 6347Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Chirawat Paratthakonkun
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Suparat Phuanukoonnon
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Shoon Lei Nyan Wai Tun
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Kashnitsky D, Richter JM. 'In Short, We Will Deport You': Disrupted temporalities of migrants with HIV in Russia. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:2841-2853. [PMID: 34842038 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.2002923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Migrants experience several challenges en route to or in their host country. Current legislation in Russia imposes a permanent ban on international migrants with HIV obtaining a residence permit in Russia. Using qualitative methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 international migrants who have lived with HIV in Russia and 12 interviews with healthcare providers in Russia. With the help of Bonnington's temporal framework, the study finds that the HIV-positive status of migrants becomes a biographical event that interrupts their migration cycle, thereby leading to the disruption of their normal life course which results in 'short term planning' and instability. Although most people living with HIV face similar challenges, Russian law concerning international migrants living with HIV worsens their living experience in Russia. International migrants living with HIV further face social exclusion, serious stigma and discrimination. The results show that the country's demand for migrants with HIV to leave the country to reduce the spread of HIV in Russia is counterproductive: it does not mobilise heath-seeking behaviour among migrants. Therefore, such legislation has to be amended to encourage international migrants living with HIV to access adequate HIV services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kashnitsky
- Institute of Social Policy, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jibril Mohammed Richter
- School of Politics and Governance, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Vasylyeva TI, Horyniak D, Bojorquez I, Pham MD. Left behind on the path to 90-90-90: understanding and responding to HIV among displaced people. J Int AIDS Soc 2022; 25:e26031. [PMID: 36352546 PMCID: PMC9646984 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, the number of people affected by displacement worldwide reached the highest on record, with an estimated 30.5 million refugees and 4.6 million asylum seekers seeking safety across international borders and further 53.2 million people displaced within their countries of origin. Most forcibly displaced persons come from or relocate to lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and many of those countries have large HIV epidemics. In this commentary, we describe some of the challenges at the intersection of HIV and displacement vulnerabilities that cannot be easily addressed in resource-limited environments. DISCUSSION HIV transmission and prevention and treatment efforts in the context of displacement are affected by myriad behavioural, social and structural factors across different stages of the displacement journey. For example, structural barriers faced by people experiencing displacement in relation to HIV prevention and care include funding constraints and legal framework deficiencies. Such barriers prevent all forced migrants, and particularly those whose sexual identities or practices are stigmatized against, access to prevention and care equal to local residents. Xenophobia, racism and other social factors, as well as individual risky behaviours facilitated by experiences of forced migration, also affect the progress towards 90-90-90 targets in displaced populations. Current evidence suggests increased HIV vulnerability in the period before displacement due to the effect of displacement drivers on medical supplies and infrastructure. During and after displacement, substantial barriers to HIV testing exist, though following resettlement in stable displacement context, HIV incidence and viral suppression are reported to be similar to those of local populations. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of often-marginalized displaced populations are diverse and depend on the context of displacement, countries of origin and resettlement, and the nature of the crises that forced these populations to move. To address current gaps in responses to HIV in displacement contexts, research in LMIC, particularly in less stable resettlement settings, needs to be scaled up. Furthermore, displaced populations need to be specifically addressed in national AIDS strategies and HIV surveillance systems. Finally, innovative technologies, such as point-of-care viral load and CD4 testing, need to be developed and introduced in settings facing displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana I. Vasylyeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danielle's Horyniak
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population StudiesEl Colegio de la Frontera NorteTijuanaMexico
| | - Minh Duc Pham
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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24
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Mlangeni N, Adetokunboh O, Lembani M, Malotle M, Nyasulu P. Access to HIV healthcare services by farm workers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059806. [PMID: 36307162 PMCID: PMC9621192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region harbours the highest burden of HIV infections in the world. Agricultural work has been reported as one of the occupations with a high prevalence of HIV. Farm workers generally have poor access to health services, which prevents them from receiving proper HIV prevention and care. Furthermore, poor policies and policy implementation, and lack of workplace programmes increases farm workers' vulnerability to HIV infection. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review to assess HIV prevention and treatment services and national policies governing access to healthcare services by farm workers in SSA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our systematic review will include studies published from January 1990 to December 2021 within SSA countries. We will use a sensitive search strategy for electronic bibliographic databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library, African Index Medicus and Scopus. The main outcomes to be reported will be HIV policy for farmworkers, availability of HIV prevention service(s), availability of treatment and support to farmworkers who are living with HIV, presence of referral structures for farmworkers through the health system and follow-up services for farmworkers who are on antiretroviral therapy. We will synthesise the main characteristics of included studies and use summary measures to describe study characteristics. In a situation where data are not sufficiently homogeneous to perform a quantitative synthesis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis. We will explore themes and relationships between included studies for qualitative data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will use publicly available data and ethics exemption has been obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and seminars. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021277528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosimilo Mlangeni
- Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- National Institute for Occupational Health, A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Olatunji Adetokunboh
- Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Martina Lembani
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Molebogeng Malotle
- National Institute for Occupational Health, A Division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Peter Nyasulu
- Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Shewamene Z, Zimmerman C, Hailu E, Negeri L, Erulkar A, Anderson E, Lo Y, Jackson O, Busza J. Migrant Women's Health and Safety: Why Do Ethiopian Women Choose Irregular Migration to the Middle East for Domestic Work? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13085. [PMID: 36293665 PMCID: PMC9603558 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-wage labour migration is an increasing determinant of global health, associated with risks of exploitation, abuse, and unsafe conditions. Despite efforts to prevent irregular migration and initiatives to warn individuals of the risks of trafficking, many migrants still opt for irregular channels, particularly women seeking jobs as domestic workers. Ethiopia is one of the largest source countries for female migrants entering the domestic labour market in the Middle East. This qualitative study explored migration decision making by Ethiopian women traveling to the Middle East for domestic labour, focusing on the use of irregular channels. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with policy stakeholders, migration recruiters, and returnee domestic workers. RESULTS We identified three main themes that help explain decision making by female migrants and their communities. First, women were not always clear whether they were using legally approved processes, particularly because of the range of individuals involved in arranging migration plans. Second, irregular migration was seen to be quicker and easier than regular migration procedures. Third, study participants believed the risks between irregular and regular migration were similar. CONCLUSION Our study highlights challenges associated with antitrafficking initiatives that discourage irregular migration and suggests new perspectives to address the health risks linked to labour migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Shewamene
- Department of Public Health, Environment & Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Cathy Zimmerman
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Eyasu Hailu
- Population Council, Heritage Plaza, Bole Medhaneialem Road, Addis Ababa 18609, Ethiopia
| | - Lemi Negeri
- Population Council, Heritage Plaza, Bole Medhaneialem Road, Addis Ababa 18609, Ethiopia
| | - Annabel Erulkar
- Population Council, Heritage Plaza, Bole Medhaneialem Road, Addis Ababa 18609, Ethiopia
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- The Freedom Fund, Lighterman House, 30 Wharfdale Road, London N1 9RY, UK
| | - Yuki Lo
- The Freedom Fund, Lighterman House, 30 Wharfdale Road, London N1 9RY, UK
| | - Orla Jackson
- The Freedom Fund, Lighterman House, 30 Wharfdale Road, London N1 9RY, UK
| | - Joanna Busza
- Department of Public Health, Environment & Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Arora AK, Engler K, Lessard D, Kronfli N, Rodriguez-Cruz A, Huerta E, Lemire B, Routy JP, Wittmer R, Cox J, de Pokomandy A, Del Balso L, Klein M, Sebastiani G, Vedel I, Quesnel-Vallée A, Lebouché B. Experiences of Migrant People Living with HIV in a Multidisciplinary HIV Care Setting with Rapid B/F/TAF Initiation and Cost-Covered Treatment: The 'ASAP' Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1497. [PMID: 36143282 PMCID: PMC9503330 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the experiences of migrant people living with HIV (MLWH) enrolled in a Montreal-based multidisciplinary HIV care clinic with rapid antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and cost-covered ART. Between February 2020 and March 2022, 32 interviews were conducted with 16 MLWH at three time-points (16 after 1 week of ART initiation, 8 after 24 weeks, 8 after 48 weeks). Interviews were analyzed via the Framework Method. Thirty categories were identified, capturing experiences across the HIV care cascade. At diagnosis, most MLWH described "initially experiencing distress". At linkage, almost all MLWH discussed "navigating the health system with difficulty". At treatment initiation, almost all MLWH expressed "being satisfied with treatment", particularly due to a lack of side effects. Regarding care retention, all MLWH noted "facing psychosocial or health-related challenges beyond HIV". Regarding ART adherence, most MLWH expressed "being satisfied with treatment" with emphasis on their taking control of HIV. At viral suppression, MLWH mentioned "finding more peace of mind since becoming undetectable". Regarding their perceived health-related quality of life, most MLWH indicated "being helped by a supportive social network". Efficient, humanizing, and holistic approaches to care in a multidisciplinary setting, coupled with rapid and free ART initiation, seemed to help alleviate patients' concerns, address their bio-psycho-social challenges, encourage their initial and sustained engagement with HIV care and treatment, and ultimately contribute to positive experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish K. Arora
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Kim Engler
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Edmundo Huerta
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Benoit Lemire
- Pharmacy Department, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - René Wittmer
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lina Del Balso
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marina Klein
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G5, Canada
| | - ASAP Migrant Advisory Committee
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (CIHR/SPOR) Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Lebedev A, Kuznetsova A, Kim K, Ozhmegova E, Antonova A, Kazennova E, Tumanov A, Mamatkulov A, Kazakova E, Ibadullaeva N, Brigida K, Musabaev E, Mustafaeva D, Rakhimova V, Bobkova M. Identifying HIV-1 Transmission Clusters in Uzbekistan through Analysis of Molecular Surveillance Data. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081675. [PMID: 36016298 PMCID: PMC9413238 DOI: 10.3390/v14081675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRF02_AG and sub-subtype A6 are currently the predominant HIV-1 variants in the Republic of Uzbekistan, but little is known about their time-spatial clustering patterns in high-risk populations. We have applied molecular evolution methods and network analyses to better understand the transmission patterns of these subtypes by analyzing 316 pol sequences obtained during the surveillance study of HIV drug resistance. Network analysis showed that about one third of the HIV infected persons were organized into clusters, including large clusters with more than 35 members. These clusters were composed mostly of injecting drug users and/or heterosexuals, with women having mainly high centrality within networks identified in both subtypes. Phylogenetic analyses of the 'Uzbek' sequences, including those publicly available, show that Russia and Ukraine played a role as the main sources of the current subtype A6 epidemic in the Republic. At the same time, Uzbekistan has been a local center of the CRF02_AG epidemic spread in the former USSR since the early 2000s. Both of these HIV-1 variants continue to spread in Uzbekistan, highlighting the importance of identifying transmission networks and transmission clusters to prevent further HIV spread, and the need for HIV prevention and education campaigns in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Lebedev
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kuznetsova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Kristina Kim
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Ekaterina Ozhmegova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Antonova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Kazennova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Aleksandr Tumanov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Adkhamjon Mamatkulov
- Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan; (A.M.); (E.K.); (N.I.); (K.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Evgeniya Kazakova
- Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan; (A.M.); (E.K.); (N.I.); (K.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Nargiz Ibadullaeva
- Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan; (A.M.); (E.K.); (N.I.); (K.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Krestina Brigida
- Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan; (A.M.); (E.K.); (N.I.); (K.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Erkin Musabaev
- Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent 100194, Uzbekistan; (A.M.); (E.K.); (N.I.); (K.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Dildora Mustafaeva
- Republican AIDS Center, The Ministry of Health, Tashkent 100135, Uzbekistan;
| | - Visola Rakhimova
- Center for Development of Profession Qualification of Medical Workers, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan;
| | - Marina Bobkova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (K.K.); (E.O.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (M.B.)
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Zhang Y, Wiseman V, Applegate TL, Lourenco RDA, Street DJ, Smith K, Jamil MS, Terris-Prestholt F, Fairley CK, McNulty A, Hynes A, Johnson K, Chow EPF, Bavinton BR, Grulich A, Stoove M, Holt M, Kaldor J, Guy R, Ong JJ. Preferences for HIV Testing Services and HIV Self-Testing Distribution Among Migrant Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Australia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:839479. [PMID: 35514755 PMCID: PMC9063480 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.839479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Australia, undiagnosed HIV rates are much higher among migrant gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) than Australian-born GBMSM. HIV self-testing is a promising tool to overcome barriers to HIV testing and improve HIV testing uptake among migrant GBMSM. We compared the preferences for HIV testing services, including HIV self-testing, among migrant and Australian-born GBMSM. Methods Preferences were assessed via two discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Participants were recruited between December 2017 and January 2018 using online and offline advertising and randomly assigned to complete one of two online DCE surveys. Migrant GBMSM were classified as being born in a country with a reciprocal healthcare agreement (RHCA) with Australia (providing free or subsided health care) or not. Latent class analysis and mixed logit models were used to explore heterogeneity in preferences. Findings We recruited 1,606 GBMSM, including 583 migrant men of whom 419 (72%) were born in non-RHCA countries. Most participants preferred a free or cheap oral test with higher accuracy and a shorter window period to facilitate early detection of infections. Cost was more important for men born in non-RHCA countries than for men from RHCA countries or Australia. All groups preferred accessing kits through online distributers or off the shelf purchasing from pharmacies. Men born in RHCA countries least preferred accessing HIV self-testing kits from a medical clinic, while more than half of men from non-RHCA countries most preferred sourcing kits from a clinic. Sex-on-premises venues were the least preferred location to access test kits among all groups. In addition, two latent class analyses explored heterogeneity in preferences among men from non-RHCA countries and we found four latent classes for HIV testing services and two latent classes for HIVST distribution. Interpretation Our findings emphasise the need for high-performing and low-cost HIV self-testing kits that are accessible from a variety of distribution points as a component of Australia's HIV response, especially for those who do not have access to free or subsidised health care in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Ye Zhang
| | - Virginia Wiseman
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Applegate
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Street
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty Smith
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad S. Jamil
- Global Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fern Terris-Prestholt
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna McNulty
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Hynes
- Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric P. F. Chow
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Bavinton
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Grulich
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Martin Holt
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Guy
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Harsono D, Peterson H, Nyhan K, Khoshnood K. Factors associated with HIV acquisition in the context of humanitarian crises: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:1852-1860. [PMID: 35249997 PMCID: PMC10395317 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to describe the global evidence on factors associated with HIV acquisition among individuals affected by humanitarian crises. INTRODUCTION Humanitarian crises are described as an event or series of events originating from natural causes or human intervention that represents a critical threat to the health, safety, security, and well-being of a community. Humanitarian crises have generated a continued rise in the number of displaced persons worldwide. This forcible displacement may increase the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the affected populations through poverty, food insecurity, social instability, and lack of access to health services during and after a crisis. Understanding factors that may contribute to HIV acquisition among these populations will allow stakeholders to be better equipped in providing HIV prevention services and programs in humanitarian settings and to prioritize research efforts. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider studies containing empirical data published in peer-reviewed and gray literature that investigate factors associated with HIV acquisition in populations affected by humanitarian crises caused by natural disasters and human-made complex emergencies. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health (all accessed via Ovid), Scopus, and gray literature will be systematically searched. Studies published in English from 1990 will be included. Titles and abstracts of identified citations will be screened independently and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Potentially relevant full-text studies and data will be extracted by these authors using a data extraction form. Data will be presented in tabular form, figures, and a narrative summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Harsono
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Levy JA, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Bakhromov M, Jonbekov J, Latkin CA. A Network-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for Tajik Migrant Workers Who Inject Drugs. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:719-727. [PMID: 34387778 PMCID: PMC8840980 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed and pilot-tested the Migrants' Approached Self-Learning Intervention in HIV/AIDS for Tajiks (MASLIHAT). We recruited 30 Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow as peer educators (PEs) to attend the 5-session intervention, then share what they learned with their peers. Each PE recruited two drug-injecting network members for interviewing about their drug and sexual behavior at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-intervention. GEE and mixed effects regression tested time and participant type effects on each outcome. HIV knowledge and risk perception increased among both PEs and network peers, while use of shared syringes, condomless sex, sex with a sex worker, and alcohol use decreased significantly for both groups at 6 weeks and 3 months with a sustained effect through 6 months. The MASLIHAT intervention proved successful in disseminating HIV prevention information and reducing HIV risk behavior over 6 months among both PEs and network members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Levy
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 932, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 932, 1603 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | | | | | - Carl A Latkin
- John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhou W, Deng W, Luo J, Bai Y, He Z, Wang H. Predictors for HIV testing among Chinese workers in infrastructure construction enterprises in Kenya. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2213. [PMID: 34863140 PMCID: PMC8642875 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are increasing Chinese migrants in sub-Saharan Africa currently. Most of them are engaged in infrastructure construction. Research has shown that they stay at particular risk of HIV and are recommended for HIV testing. However, their HIV testing behavior, and its relevant factors, have not been researched among them by now. This study describes the recent HIV testing behavior and relevant factors among Chinese migrant workers in Kenya. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 110 male Chinese workers from six different Chinese infrastructure construction enterprises in Kenya. Furthermore, a two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select participants. We used a questionnaire that included HIV testing history, demographic characteristics, and putative multilevel facilitators of HIV testing. Logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of recent HIV testing behavior among Chinese migrant workers in Kenya. RESULT Of the 110 participants, 30 (27.27%) were tested for HIV in the recent year. All participants were male, and the majority were married (73.2%). The mean age was 37.49 years (SD = 9.73; range: 23 to 63), and a considerable proportion refused to answer questions about transactional sexual behaviors in the last year. Most were able to obtain HIV-related information (91.8%) and were exposed to HIV-related information in the last year (68.2%), but only 47.6% had sufficient HIV knowledge. Nearly one-fifth of them believed that selling sex and paying for sex is acceptable. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that participants who could accept the 'pay for sex' (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.02, 7.36) and exposed to HIV related information (OR: 4.75; 95% CI: 1.29, 17.44) were more likely to test for HIV in the recent 1 year. CONCLUSION Higher current HIV test rates were associated with a more open sexual attitude towards paying for sex and being exposed to HIV-related information in the last year among Chinese workers in Kenya. More specific attention to HIV should be attached to this population to increase the rate of HIV testing among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- School of literature and journalism, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenyu Deng
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junfei Luo
- School of literature and journalism, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yin Bai
- School of literature and journalism, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zeyi He
- School of literature and journalism, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Logie CH, Toccalino D, Reed AC, Malama K, Newman PA, Weiser S, Harris O, Berry I, Adedimeji A. Exploring linkages between climate change and sexual health: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054720. [PMID: 34663670 PMCID: PMC8524293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events (EWEs) present substantial threats to well-being. EWEs hold the potential to harm sexual health through pathways including elevated exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), disrupted healthcare access, and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The WHO defines four components of sexual health: comprehensive sexuality education; HIV and STI prevention and care; SGBV prevention and care; and psychosexual counselling. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding climate change and its associations with these sexual health domains. This scoping review will therefore explore the linkages between climate change and sexual health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL) will be searched using text words and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree) related to sexual health and climate change from the inception of each database to May 2021. Grey literature and unpublished reports will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy, including from the WHO, World Bank eLibrary, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scoping review will consider studies that explore: (a) climate change and EWEs including droughts, heat waves, wildfires, dust storms, hurricanes, flooding rains, coastal flooding and storm surges; alongside (b) sexual health, including: comprehensive sexual health education, sexual health counselling, and HIV/STI acquisition, prevention and/or care, and/or SGBV, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault and rape. Searches will not be limited by language, publication year or geographical location. We will consider quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review articles for inclusion. We will conduct thematic analysis of findings. Data will be presented in narrative and tabular forms. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Toccalino
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Cooper Reed
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalonde Malama
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Newman
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheri Weiser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Orlando Harris
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isha Berry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adebola Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Bromberg DJ, Tate MM, Alaei A, Rozanova J, Karimov S, Saidi D, Alaei K, Altice FL. "Who are You and What are You Doing Here?": Social Capital and Barriers to Movement along the HIV Care Cascade among Tajikistani Migrants with HIV to Russia. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3115-3127. [PMID: 34195912 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tajikistani migrants who work in Russia and acquire HIV seldom receive HIV treatment while in Russia. Barriers to engagement in the HIV care cascade were identified from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposefully sampled Tajikistani migrants (n = 34) with HIV who had returned from Russia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, drawing from Putnam's theory of social capital, showing how bridging and bonding social capital relate to poor engagement in HIV care. We identified three barriers to Tajikistani migrants' movement through the HIV care cascade: (1) Russia's migration ban on people with HIV interrupts social capital accumulation and prevents access to HIV treatment within Russia; (2) mistrust of authority figures, including healthcare providers, leads to avoiding treatment and harm-reduction services upon their return to Tajikistan; and (3) because of pervasive discrimination, Tajikistani migrants form weak social ties while in Russia, which exacerbates risk, including with Russian citizens, and deters engagement with HIV care. Deploying a treatment as prevention strategy and abolishing Russia's ban on people with HIV would improve both individual and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Bromberg
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mary M Tate
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arash Alaei
- Republican AIDS Center, Tajikistan Ministry of Health, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- Institute for International Health and Education, Albany, NY, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Rozanova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saifuddin Karimov
- Republican AIDS Center, Tajikistan Ministry of Health, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dilshod Saidi
- Republican AIDS Center, Tajikistan Ministry of Health, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kamiar Alaei
- Institute for International Health and Education, Albany, NY, USA
- Health Science Department, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frederick L Altice
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Republican AIDS Center, Tajikistan Ministry of Health, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Centre of Excellence on Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Liu H, Wang H, Feldman M. The Risk of HIV/STDs Infection and Transmission Among Never-Married Male Migrants in China: Is Risk Attributable to Bachelorhood or Migration? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:3115-3124. [PMID: 34606023 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sex-ratio imbalance and rural-to-urban migration in China, never-married male migrants may become a vulnerable group as well as a bridge population that facilitates HIV/STDs transmission. It is still not clear, however, whether increased HIV/STDs transmission risk can be attributed to bachelorhood, migration, or both. This study identified the contributions of bachelorhood and migration to an increased risk of HIV/STDs infection, as well as the risk of HIV/STDs transmission across populations and regions. Data were from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, in which 180 never-married non-migrant males in rural areas, 558 never-married male migrants, and 302 married male migrants in urban areas of China were interviewed in 2017. Results showed that never-married male migrants are more likely to engage in commercial sex and unsafe sex than never-married non-migrant males, and their likelihood of engaging in unsafe sex was also higher than married male migrants. Although never-married male migrants were less likely to have multiple sex partners than married male migrants, they were more likely to have multiple sex partners and sex partners from different regions than never-married non-migrant males. These findings indicate that both migration and bachelorhood increase the risk of HIV/STDs infection for never-married male migrants, and migration also increases the risk of HIV/STDs transmission across populations and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Marcus Feldman
- Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Jones W, Somerset S, Evans C, Whittingham K, Middleton M, Blake H. Test@work: evaluation of workplace HIV testing for construction workers using the RE-AIM framework. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1737. [PMID: 34560853 PMCID: PMC8464147 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community testing for HIV can reach previously untested populations but is rarely offered in workplaces. Targeting the construction sector could reach workers from high risk populations. METHODS The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate Test@Work, a workplace HIV testing intervention for construction workers implemented at 21 events (10 companies) in the UK. Test@Work had three components: 1) an online health toolkit to inform managers about health screening and HIV testing; 2) general health checks; and 3) opt-in HIV consultation and testing. Quantitative data were collected using registration and exit questionnaires with workers (n = 426) and pre/post-event questionnaires with managers (n = 15), with qualitative analysis of free text responses. RESULTS Reach 426 individuals had health checks. Participants were broadly representative of the UK construction workforce, but with a higher proportion of permanent workers. Most workers reported being in good health but also believed their work had an adverse impact on their health. Effectiveness: 97% of health check participants opted to have a consultation about sexual health (n = 413) and 82% had an HIV test (n = 348), of whom 78% had not previously been tested. All HIV tests were non-reactive. HIV testing at work was considered acceptable by most participants. Participants reported learning new things about their health (74%), said they would make changes as a result (70%) and felt confident of success (median score 8/10). Adoption: Recruitment of companies was challenging and time consuming. Seven of the participating companies were very large, employing over 1000 workers, which is atypical of construction generally. IMPLEMENTATION All events were completed as planned and were considered successful by all parties. Maintenance: All managers would arrange further events if they were offered them. Six managers incorporated sexual health awareness into their health programmes, but this was not possible for many as health agendas were set centrally by their organisations. CONCLUSIONS Opt-in HIV testing, when embedded within a general health check, has high uptake and acceptability in the UK construction sector, and reaches individuals at risk for HIV who may not otherwise attend for testing. Cost-effectiveness of this approach is yet to be determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04292002 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah Somerset
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Low A, Sachathep K, Rutherford G, Nitschke AM, Wolkon A, Banda K, Miller LA, Solmo C, Jackson K, Patel H, McCracken S, Findley S, Mutenda N. Migration in Namibia and its association with HIV acquisition and treatment outcomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256865. [PMID: 34473757 PMCID: PMC8412347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 21st century, understanding how population migration impacts human health is critical. Namibia has high migration rates and HIV prevalence, but little is known about how these intersect. We examined the association between migration and HIV-related outcomes using data from the 2017 Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA). METHODS AND FINDINGS The NAMPHIA survey selected a nationally representative sample of adults in 2017. All adults aged 15-64 years were invited to complete an interview and home-based HIV test. Recent infection (<130 days) was measured using HIV-1 LAg avidity combined with viral load (>1000 copies/mL) and antiretroviral analyte data. Awareness of HIV status and antiretroviral use were based on self-report and/or detectable antiretrovirals in blood. Viremia was defined as having a viral load ≥1000 copies/mL, including all participants in the denominator regardless of serostatus. We generated community viremia values as a weighted proportion at the EA level, excluding those classified as recently infected. Significant migrants were those who had lived outside their current region or away from home >one month in the past three years. Recent cross-community in-migrants were those who had moved to the community <two years ago. Separate analyses were done to compare significant migrants to non-migrants and recent cross-community in-migrants to those who in-migrated >two years ago to determine the association of migration and timing with recent infection or viral load suppression (VLS). All proportions are weighted. Of eligible adults, we had HIV results and migration data on 9,625 (83.9%) of 11,474 women and 7,291 (73.0%) of 9,990 men. Most respondents (62.5%) reported significant migration. Of cross-community in-migrants, 15.3% were recent. HIV prevalence was 12.6% and did not differ by migration status. Population VLS was 77.4%. Recent cross-community in-migration was associated with recent HIV infection (aOR: 4.01, 95% CI 0.99-16.22) after adjusting for community viremia. Significant migration (aOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97) and recent cross-community in-migration (aOR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35-0.92) were associated with lower VLS, primarily due to lack of awareness of HIV infection. The study was limited by lack of precise data on trajectory of migration. CONCLUSIONS Despite a high population-level VLS, Namibia still has migrant populations that are not accessing effective treatment for HIV. Targeting migrants with effective prevention and testing programs in communities with viremia could enable further epidemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Low
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karam Sachathep
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - George Rutherford
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Adam Wolkon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Karen Banda
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Chelsea Solmo
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keisha Jackson
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hetal Patel
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stephen McCracken
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sally Findley
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Yin Z, Brown AE, Rice BD, Marrone G, Sönnerborg A, Suligoi B, Sasse A, Van Beckhoven D, Noori T, Regine V, Delpech VC. Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34414881 PMCID: PMC8380976 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.33.2000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe assumption that migrants acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before migration, particularly those from high prevalence areas, is common.AimWe assessed the place of HIV acquisition of migrants diagnosed in four European countries using surveillance data.MethodsUsing CD4+ T-cell count trajectories modelled to account for seroconversion bias, we estimated infection year of newly HIV-diagnosed migrants residing in the United Kingdom (UK), Belgium, Sweden and Italy with a known arrival year and CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis. Multivariate analyses identified predictors for post-migration acquisition.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2016, migrants constituted 56% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK, 62% in Belgium, 72% in Sweden and 29% in Italy. Of 23,595 migrants included, 60% were born in Africa and 70% acquired HIV heterosexually. An estimated 9,400 migrants (40%; interquartile range (IQR): 34-59) probably acquired HIV post-migration. This proportion was similar by risk group, sex and region of birth. Time since migration was a strong predictor of post-migration HIV acquisition: 91% (IQR: 87-95) among those arriving 10 or more years prior to diagnosis; 30% (IQR: 21-37) among those 1-5 years prior. Younger age at arrival was a predictor: 15-18 years (81%; IQR: 74-86), 19-25 years (53%; IQR: 45-63), 26-35 years (37%; IQR: 30-46) and 36 years and older (25%; IQR: 21-33).ConclusionsMigrants, regardless of origin, sex and exposure to HIV are at risk of acquiring HIV post-migration to Europe. Alongside accessible HIV testing, prevention activities must target migrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yin
- HIV and STI Department, CIDSC, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison E Brown
- HIV and STI Department, CIDSC, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D Rice
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Suligoi
- National AIDS Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Andre Sasse
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Teymur Noori
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Regine
- National AIDS Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie C Delpech
- HIV and STI Department, CIDSC, Public Health England, Colindale, London, United Kingdom
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Arora AK, Ortiz-Paredes D, Engler K, Lessard D, Mate KK, Rodriguez-Cruz A, Kronfli N, Vedel I, Cox J, Quesnel-Vallée A, Lebouché B. Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the HIV Care Cascade for Migrant People Living with HIV in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:288-307. [PMID: 34375137 PMCID: PMC8380795 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrants in countries affiliated with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, experience delayed HIV diagnosis, and have variable levels of engagement with HIV care and treatment when compared to native-born populations. A systematic mixed studies review was conducted to generate a multilevel understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting HIV Care Cascade steps for migrant people living with HIV (MLWH) in OECD countries. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched on March 25, 2020. Screening, critical appraisal, and analysis were conducted independently by two authors. We used qualitative content analysis and the five-level Socio-Ecological Model (i.e., individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy) to categorize barriers and facilitators. Fifty-nine studies from 17 OECD countries were included. MLWH faced similar barriers and facilitators regardless of their host country, ethnic and geographic origins, or legal status. Most barriers and facilitators were associated with the individual and organizational levels and centered around retention in HIV care and treatment. Adapting clinical environments to better address MLWH's competing needs via multidisciplinary models would address retention issues across OECD countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish K. Arora
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Ortiz-Paredes
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kim Engler
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kedar K.V. Mate
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
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Ramírez-Aldana R, Gomez-Verjan JC, Bello-Chavolla OY, García-Peña C. Spatial epidemiological study of the distribution, clustering, and risk factors associated with early COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254884. [PMID: 34288952 PMCID: PMC8294534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has significantly impacted economic and public healthcare systems worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is highly lethal in older adults (>65 years old) and in cases with underlying medical conditions, including chronic respiratory diseases, immunosuppression, and cardio-metabolic diseases, including severe obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico has led to many fatal cases in younger patients attributable to cardio-metabolic conditions. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to perform an early spatial epidemiological analysis for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico. Firstly, to evaluate how mortality risk from COVID-19 among tested individuals (MRt) is geographically distributed and secondly, to analyze the association of spatial predictors of MRt across different states in Mexico, controlling for the severity of the disease. Among health-related variables, diabetes and obesity were positively associated with COVID-19 fatality. When analyzing Mexico as a whole, we identified that both the percentages of external and internal migration had positive associations with early COVID-19 mortality risk with external migration having the second-highest positive association. As an indirect measure of urbanicity, population density, and overcrowding in households, the physicians-to-population ratio has the highest positive association with MRt. In contrast, the percentage of individuals in the age group between 10 to 39 years had a negative association with MRt. Geographically, Quintana Roo, Baja California, Chihuahua, and Tabasco (until April 2020) had higher MRt and standardized mortality ratios, suggesting that risks in these states were above what was nationally expected. Additionally, the strength of the association between some spatial predictors and the COVID-19 fatality risk varied by zone.
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Lu Z, Ji W, Yin Y, Jin X, Wang L, Li Z, Wang N, Wang K, Peng Z. Analysis on the trend of AIDS incidence in Zhejiang, China based on the age-period-cohort model (2004-2018). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1077. [PMID: 34090398 PMCID: PMC8180133 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To predict the trend of AIDS in specific age groups and to determine the objective population for AIDS screening, this study explored the three transmission routes and characterized each patient group using the APC model based on the whole, local, and immigrant populations in Zhejiang, China. Methods The data recruited in this paper was obtained from the national Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System - Antiviral Therapy Management database and the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Statistical Yearbook of Zhejiang, China. An APC model was used to estimate the impact of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of AIDS, as well as to predict the AIDS incidence in specific age groups based on different sexes with different transmission routes. Results The AIDS incidence peaked in males aged 20–35 years; the incidence of males was higher than that of females due to the impact of period; obvious cohort effect was observed among the immigrants. In the whole and local populations, the incidences of males in all age groups and females in both the 35-year-old group and the whole age group were predicted to increase sharply in 5 years. In the immigrant population, the AIDS incidences in both sexes in all age groups were expected to increase significantly in 5 years. Under the influence of period, the incidence of AIDS via homosexual transmission in the whole population and the local population increased and remained stable after 2015. At the same time, the incidence of AIDS transmitted by homosexual and heterosexual routes in the immigrants also showed an increasing trend. Conclusions The results elucidate that there are sex differences in AIDS incidence, and the incidence of AIDS through various transmission routes in all groups is predicted to exhibit an upward trend in the 5 years to come. Effective intervention strategies should be developed and implemented by the public health departments in Zhejiang to control the epidemic of AIDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11050-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Wong JPH, Poon MKL, Vahabi M, Sutdhibhasilp N, Narushima M. Transnational contexts and local embeddedness of HIV/STI vulnerabilities among Thai and Filipino agricultural temporary foreign workers in Canada. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:723-739. [PMID: 32031502 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1725643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Each year Canada approves about 70,000 agricultural temporary foreign worker positions. However, few studies have examined temporary foreign workers' sexual health. In this mixed-methods study, we used surveys and focus groups to explore the knowledge of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI), sexual behaviours and the perspectives of sexual health of 100 Thai and Filipino temporary foreign workers in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The findings revealed that transnational migration had opened up social space that workers were not familiar with. Social isolation, stress and prolonged separation from spouses and partners resulted in the formation of new intimate relationships. Close to two-thirds of the 100 participants were sexually active in the twelve months prior to the study and over three-quarters did not use condoms. Many participants had misconceptions about HIV risks and safer sex practices. Few temporary workers accessed sexual health services due to language barriers, time constraints, stigma and lack of transport. As a result, many obtained medical advice and medicine through their families back home and relied on self-treatment in dealing with symptoms of genital infections. Effective sexual health promotion for temporary foreign workers must consider the complex interactive sociocultural and political processes that involve institutional practices in the local and transnational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandana Vahabi
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Miya Narushima
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada
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McBride B, Shannon K, Braschel M, Mo M, Goldenberg SM. Lack of full citizenship rights linked to heightened client condom refusal among im/migrant sex workers in Metro Vancouver (2010-2018). Glob Public Health 2021; 16:664-678. [PMID: 31902279 PMCID: PMC7673672 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1708961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, im/migrant sex workers face stigma, health access barriers, and overlapping marginalisation, with end-demand law reforms in 2014 postulated to exacerbate these inequities. Yet, little quantitative evidence on how immigration status shapes HIV/STI risk exists. Drawing on community-based longitudinal cohort data (AESHA, 2010-2018), we used multivariable confounder models with logistic regression to model (1) the independent effect of precarious immigration status (any status revocable under criminal charges: permanent residency/temporary residency/undocumented) on client condom refusal, and (2) the moderating effect of precarious status on the relationship between condom refusal and exposure to end-demand law reform (2015-2018). Over this 8-year study involving 758 sex workers in Metro Vancouver, 16.0% were im/migrants, of whom 57% had precarious immigration status at baseline. 16.5% of participants experienced client condom refusal. Precarious immigration was associated with increased odds of facing condom refusal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-4.68), and these odds were heightened post-end-demand law reforms (AOR 4.35, 95%CI 1.21-15.66). Our findings suggest that lack of citizenship rights may enhance barriers to safer sex negotiation and increase HIV/STI risk among sex workers, highlighting the need for sex work and immigration policy reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn McBride
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kate Shannon
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Minshu Mo
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shira M Goldenberg
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Simmons SS. A longitudinal multilevel analysis of the evermigrated population subjective HIV infection expectation in Malawi. Psychol Health 2021; 37:890-902. [PMID: 33879011 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1910697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study is to assess the variance in the effects of factors influencing ever migrated Malawian population's subjective HIV infection expectation. DESIGN Using data from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) survey (1998-2010), 7805 ever migrated Malawian adults were selected for the study. Summary statistics, logistic regression and longitudinal multi-level models were fitted for the study. A binary logistic regression was used to estimate the direction and magnitude of the associations between the variables selected for the study Five multilevel models with random intercepts and coefficients nominal response were fitted. RESULTS The study revealed that sexual behaviours had the most significant effect on ever migrated Malawian's subjective HIV infection expectation. All metrics showed that the conditional growth model had the most signficant outcome. The addition of time and other variables as predictors had a significant effect on the conditional growth model. CONCLUSION Interventions designed to decrease the spread of HIV should target sexual behaviours and widespread testing among the ever migrated population to reduce subjective HIV infection thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Sonia Simmons
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.,Institute of Demography, National Research University-Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Ginsburg C, Collinson MA, Gómez-Olivé FX, Gross M, Harawa S, Lurie MN, Mukondwa K, Pheiffer CF, Tollman S, Wang R, White MJ. Internal migration and health in South Africa: determinants of healthcare utilisation in a young adult cohort. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:554. [PMID: 33743663 PMCID: PMC7981972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, human geographic mobility is high as people engage in both permanent and temporary relocation, predominantly from rural to urban areas. Such mobility can compromise healthcare access and utilisation. The objective of this paper is to explore healthcare utilisation and its determinants in a cohort of internal migrants and permanent residents (non-migrants) originating from the Agincourt sub-district in South Africa's rural northeast. METHODS A 5-year cohort study of 3800 individuals aged 18 to 40 commenced in 2017. Baseline data have been collected from 1764 Agincourt residents and 1334 temporary, mostly urban-based, migrants, and are analysed using bivariate analyses, logistic and multinomial regression models, and propensity score matching analysis. RESULTS Health service utilisation differs sharply by migrant status and sex. Among those with a chronic condition, migrants had 0.33 times the odds of non-migrants to have consulted a health service in the preceding year, and males had 0.32 times the odds of females of having used health services. Of those who utilised services, migration status was further associated with the type of healthcare utilised, with 97% of non-migrant rural residents having accessed government facilities, while large proportions of migrants (31%) utilised private health services or consulted traditional healers (25%) in migrant destinations. The multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that, in the presence of controls, migrants had 8.12 the relative risk of non-migrants for utilising private healthcare (versus the government-services-only reference category), and 2.40 the relative risk of non-migrants for using a combination of public and private sector facilities. These findings of differential utilisation hold under statistical adjustment for relevant controls and for underlying propensity to migrate. CONCLUSIONS Migrants and non-migrants in the study population in South Africa were found to utilise health services differently, both in overall use and in the type of healthcare consulted. The study helps improve upon the limited stock of knowledge on how migrants interface with healthcare systems in low and middle-income country settings. Findings can assist in guiding policies and programmes to be directed more effectively to the populations most in need, and to drive locally adapted approaches to universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carren Ginsburg
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Mark A. Collinson
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/ Medical Research Council, South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Mark Gross
- Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sadson Harawa
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Mark N. Lurie
- Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Keith Mukondwa
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
| | - Chantel F. Pheiffer
- Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen Tollman
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/ Medical Research Council, South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, Johannesburg, South Africa
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rebecca Wang
- Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael J. White
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Population Studies and Training Centre, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Gemechu AG, Assefa Ayana L, Waqtole ZD, Tola EK, Beyene MD. Risky sexual behavior and its associated factors among daily laborers in Arjo-Didessa sugar factory, Jimma Arjo, Southwest Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:2050312121994358. [PMID: 33643654 PMCID: PMC7890712 DOI: 10.1177/2050312121994358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries where the young population is densely found. Many studies reveal that the magnitude of risky sexual behavior is high in the youth. The consequences of risky sexual behavior developed during youth life may affect the sexual behavior in adult life, such as increasing the risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted infections, and predisposing to unwanted pregnancies. Our objective was to assess the risky sexual behaviors among daily laborers in Arjo-Didessa Sugar Factory, Jimma Arjo district, East Wollega zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected daily laborers in the Arjo-Didessa sugar factory. For the quantitative and qualitative study, a simple random and purposive sampling technique, respectively, was employed to select the study participants. After data collection, data were checked manually for completeness, and then cleaned and entered into EPI info version 7. Statistical analyses like descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 24 to determine the association between predictors and outcome variables with the help of the calculated frequencies and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, while a p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study participants was 22.15 and standard deviation of ±2.9 years. Among the study participants who responded to having sex in the past 12 months, 171 (57%) with 95% confidence interval (0.51, 0.63) had ever experienced risky sexual practices. The findings of this study indicated that age from 20 to 24 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–12.90), marital status (single) (adjusted odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.98–15.70), khat chewing (adjusted odds ratio = 7.12, 95% confidence interval: 2.2–23.4), influence of alcohol for sex (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–12.23), watching pornographic films (adjusted odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–12.2), and having income less than US$17 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.77) and US$17–US$52 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.85) were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior. Conclusion: This study indicated that there are high-risk sexual practices among the study population. Age, marital status, income level, khat chewing, the influence of alcohol consumption to have sex, and pornographic viewing were found to be predisposing factors of the risky sexual behaviors among daily laborers at the Arjo-Didessa sugar factory. Enhancing sexual education and consulting the targeted groups for the behavioral change is highly advisable, which can reduce the consequences of risky sexual practices that prevailed in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lemessa Assefa Ayana
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | | | - Edosa Kifle Tola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Desalegn Beyene
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Gou H, Liu H, Wang Y, Li X, Feldman MW. Migration, Social Networks, and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Involuntary Bachelors in Rural China. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:875-885. [PMID: 32990878 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In rural China there is an abnormally high male-biased sex ratio. The result is a large number of involuntary bachelors. This study examines how migration and social networks relate to bachelors' sexual risk behaviors. Data are from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in which 740 male respondents who had rural household registration, had never married, and were aged 28 or older were interviewed in 2017. Logistic regression reveals that both migration and social networks place the bachelors at an especially high risk of HIV transmission by increasing the chance that they engage in commercial sex, whereas only social networks are significantly associated with sexual partnership concurrency. Additionally, social networks mediate the association between migration and commercial sex. This suggests that social networks play an important role in bachelors' risk of HIV transmission and that further intervention should address their social networks.
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Intersections of Immigration and Sexual/Reproductive Health: An Umbrella Literature Review with a Focus on Health Equity. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the opportunities and barriers of promoting and fulfilling the sexual health rights of migrants remains a challenge that requires systematic assessment. Such an assessment would include estimating the influence of acculturation processes on sexual and reproductive health, and mapping intersectional inequities that influence migrants’ sexual and reproductive health in comparison with the native population. The aim of this research was to locate, select, and critically assess/summarize scientific evidence regarding the social, cultural, and structural factors influencing migrants’ sexual and reproductive health outcomes in comparison with native population. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) standards was undertaken. Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from their start date until June 2019. The quality of the included articles was determined using the assessment of multiple systematic reviews tool (AMSTAR 2). From the 36 selected studies, only 12 compared migrant with native populations. Overall, the findings indicated that migrants tend to underuse maternal health services and have an increased risk of poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Specific intersectional inequities were identified and discussed.
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Cassels S, Mwenda KM, Biney AAE, Jenness SM. Is It the Timing? Short-Term Mobility and Coital Frequency in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:589-600. [PMID: 32989638 PMCID: PMC7889649 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term mobility is often associated with increased sexual risk behavior. Mobile individuals often have higher rates of sexual risk behavior compared to non-mobile individuals, but the reasons why are not clear. Using monthly retrospective panel data from 202 men and 282 women in Agbogbloshie, Ghana, we tested whether short-term mobility was associated with changes in coital frequency, and whether the association was due to the act of travel in the given month (e.g., enabling higher risk behavior), the reason for travel, or an individual's travel propensity at other times in the year. Overnight travel specifically to visit family or friends, or for education, health, or other reasons, was associated with increased coital frequency for men. However, men with higher travel propensities had lower overall coital frequency and the act of traveling enabled more sex only for the most frequent male travelers. Men who seldom traveled had much higher coital frequency, but the act of traveling was not associated with additional sex acts. For women, travel for education, health, or other reasons increased coital frequency. Occasional female travelers had slightly more sex acts compared to non-mobile women, and the act of traveling for these women was associated with slight increases in coital frequency, supporting the enabling hypothesis. Highly mobile women had fewer sex acts per month on average. Our findings suggest that mobility characteristics measured on a broad temporal scale, as well as the reason for mobility, are important to understand the relationship between short-term mobility and sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cassels
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-4060, USA.
| | - Kevin M Mwenda
- Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adriana A E Biney
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel M Jenness
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Agadjanian V, Hayford SR, Jansen NA. Men's migration and women's mortality in rural Mozambique. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113519. [PMID: 33358449 PMCID: PMC7990049 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Labor migration is widespread and growing across the world. As migration grows, the economic outcomes of migration increasingly diversify, and so do its consequences for the well-being and health of both migrants and non-migrating household members. A considerable body of scholarship has examined the effects of migration on the physical and mental health of 'left-behind' household members. The impact of migration on mortality, particularly of non-migrating marital partners, is less well understood. Addressing this gap, we use data from a longitudinal survey of married women conducted over twelve years in rural Mozambique to examine the association between men's labor out-migration and their non-migrating wives' mortality. The analyses detect no significant differences when comparing non-migrants' wives to migrants' wives in the aggregate but point to instructive variation among migrants' wives according to the economic success of migration, as measured by the effects of migration on the household's material well-being. Specifically, women married to less successful migrants had higher mortality risks over the project span than women married to more successful migrants, regardless of other individual and household-level factors. Importantly for this setting with high HIV prevalence, the advantage of wives of more successful migrants is significant for HIV/AIDS-unrelated deaths but not for HIV/AIDS-related deaths. We situate these findings within the cross-national scholarship on migration and health.
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Durojaiye I, Obisie-Nmehielle N, Ibisomi L. Transactional sex and HIV infection among commercial farm workers in South Africa. J Public Health Afr 2020; 11:1229. [PMID: 33623652 PMCID: PMC7893317 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2020.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of HIV infection has been reported among commercial farm workers in South Africa, but studies of the role of transactional sex in this epidemic is limited. Objective This study seeks to examine the association between transactional sex and HIV infection among commercial farm workers in South Africa. Methods This is a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey by the International Organization of Migration among farm workers in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa in 2010. The study included 2,758 sexually active farm workers. The outcome variable was HIV infection while the main explanatory variable was engagement in transactional sex. Other explanatory variables were sex, age, marital status, number of sex partners, food security, recent history of sexually transmitted infection, condom use at last sex with non-regular partner, history of sexual violence and migration status. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to obtain unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of the association between transactional sex and HIV infection. Results Engagement in transactional sex was common (19%) but not significantly associated with HIV infection (OR 1.1; CI 0.57-2.44). Female sex (1.93; 1.60-2.32), age 25 to 44 years, recent STI (OR 1.37; CI 1.18-1.58) and sexual violence (OR 1.39; CI 1.19-1.63) were significant risk factors for HIV infection. Conclusion Risky sexual behaviours were common among the farmworker population. HIV prevention interventions should include behavioural change communication and improved access to healthcare for STI and HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Durojaiye
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Latifat Ibisomi
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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