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Watson L, Haley D, Turpin R, Ma T, Nguyen QC, Mittal M, Dyer T. Exploring Psychosocial and Structural Syndemic Effects as Predictors of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Black Women (HPTN 064). J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:816-826. [PMID: 38501235 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Syndemic models have been used in previous studies exploring HIV-related outcomes; however, these models do not fully consider intersecting psychosocial (e.g., substance use, depressive symptoms) and structural factors (unstable housing, concentrated housing vacancy) that influence the lived experiences of women. Therefore, there is a need to explore the syndemic effects of psychosocial and structural factors on HIV risk behaviors to better explain the multilevel factors shaping HIV disparities among black women. Methods: This analysis uses baseline data (May 2009-August 2010) from non-Hispanic black women enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 064 Women's Seroincidence Study (HPTN 064) and the American Community Survey 5-year estimates from 2007 to 2011. Three parameterizations of syndemic factors were applied in this analysis a cumulative syndemic index, three syndemic groups reflecting the level of influence (psychosocial syndemic group, participant-level structural syndemic group, and a neighborhood-level structural syndemic group), and syndemic factor groups. Clustered mixed effects log-binomial analyses measured the relationship of each syndemic parameterization on HIV risk behaviors in 1,347 black women enrolled in HPTN 064. Results: A higher syndemic score was significantly associated with increased prevalence of unknown HIV status of the last male sex partner (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval or CI 1.04-1.10), involvement in exchange sex (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14-1.20), and multiple sex partners (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09) in the last 6 months. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of syndemic groups and HIV risk behaviors, therefore, being in multiple syndemic groups was significantly associated with increased prevalence of reporting HIV risk behaviors compared with being in one syndemic group. In addition, being in all three syndemic groups was associated with increased prevalence of unknown HIV status of the last male sex partner (aPR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.43-1.95) and multiple sex partners (aPR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.36-1.72). Conclusions: Findings highlight syndemic factors influence the lived experiences of black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakeshia Watson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Haley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodman Turpin
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Quynh C Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mona Mittal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Typhanye Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Madlala ST, Khanyile S. The roles of churches in HIV prevention among youth at Nqutu in KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. Curationis 2023; 46:e1-e9. [PMID: 37265127 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v46i1.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a crisis of massive economic, social, spiritual, as well as political magnitudes. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) revealed that in 2018, there were 37.9 million individuals across the globe who lived with HIV and/or AIDS. The religion is an essential tool used by the pastors to help people living with HIV to come to terms with the illness. Therefore, it is imperative that religious leaders should be actively involved in the prevention of HIV epidemic among the youth. OBJECTIVES The study objective was to explore and describe the roles of churches in HIV prevention among youth at Nqutu in KwaZulu-Natal. METHOD A qualitative descriptive phenomenology design was employed. Data were collected from 18 to 35 years old participants who were purposefully sampled. Unstructured interviews were conducted to collect data, which was determined by saturation and analysed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis. RESULTS The study revealed five major themes, which consisted of churches' contribution to HIV prevention; health awareness; churches' involvement in sexual education; churches' partnership with stakeholders, human and financial resources. It became evident that churches' contribution to HIV and/or AIDS prevention is beneficial to the youth. CONCLUSION The study's findings revealed that churches play a significant role in HIV prevention among youths. Programmes available in churches play an important role among the youth in curbing the HIV epidemic.Contribution: The Department of Health should consider collaborating with church leaders to promote and prevent HIV and/or AIDS among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphiwe T Madlala
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, Empangeni.
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Fundisi E, Dlamini S, Mokhele T, Weir-Smith G, Motolwana E. Exploring Determinants of HIV/AIDS Self-Testing Uptake in South Africa Using Generalised Linear Poisson and Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060881. [PMID: 36981538 PMCID: PMC10048028 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased HIV/AIDS testing is of paramount importance in controlling the HIV/AIDS pandemic and subsequently saving lives. Despite progress in HIV/AIDS testing programmes, most people are still reluctant to test and thus are still unaware of their status. Understanding the factors associated with uptake levels of HIV/AIDS self-testing requires knowledge of people's perceptions and attitudes, thus informing evidence-based decision making. Using the South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey of 2017 (SABSSM V), this study assessed the efficacy of Generalised Linear Poisson Regression (GLPR) and Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) in modelling the spatial dependence and non-stationary relationships of HIV/AIDS self-testing uptake and covariates. The models were calibrated at the district level across South Africa. Results showed a slightly better performance of GWPR (pseudo R2 = 0.91 and AICc = 390) compared to GLPR (pseudo R2 = 0.88 and AICc = 2552). Estimates of local intercepts derived from GWPR exhibited differences in HIV/AIDS self-testing uptake. Overall, the output of this study displays interesting findings on the levels of spatial heterogeneity of factors associated with HIV/AIDS self-testing uptake across South Africa, which calls for district-specific policies to increase awareness of the need for HIV/AIDS self-testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fundisi
- Geospatial Analytics Unit, eResearch Knowledge Centre, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Simangele Dlamini
- Geospatial Analytics Unit, eResearch Knowledge Centre, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Tholang Mokhele
- Geospatial Analytics Unit, eResearch Knowledge Centre, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Gina Weir-Smith
- Geospatial Analytics Unit, eResearch Knowledge Centre, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Wits University, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Enathi Motolwana
- Geospatial Analytics Unit, eResearch Knowledge Centre, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Houang ST, Kafka JM, Choi SK, Meanley SP, Muessig KE, Bauermeister JA, Hightow-Weidman LB. Co-occurring Epidemic Conditions Among Southern U.S. Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in an Online eHealth Intervention. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:641-650. [PMID: 35986818 PMCID: PMC9391640 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) face disproportionately higher risks for adverse sexual health outcomes compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. This disparity can be attributable to overlapping and intersecting risk factors at the individual and structural levels and can be understood through syndemic theory. Using longitudinal data from the HealthMPowerment trial (n = 363), six conditions related to stigma syndemics were indexed as a cumulative risk score: high alcohol use, polydrug use, depression and anxiety symptomology, and experiences of racism and sexual minority stigma. Using Poisson regression, we found a positive association between baseline risk scores and sexual risk behavior (b: 0.32, SE: 0.03, p < 0.001). Using a Generalized Estimating Equation, we also found a 0.23 decrease in the within-participant risk scores at 3-month follow-up (SE: 0.10, p < 0.020). Future work examining how care and prevention trials improve health outcomes in this population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Houang
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Julie M Kafka
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Seul Ki Choi
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Steven P Meanley
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kathryn E Muessig
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jose A Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lisa B Hightow-Weidman
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Henry BF, Hartmann J, Goddard-Eckrich D, Chang M, Wu E, Hunt T, Gilbert L, Wimberly AS, El-Bassel N. Typologies of Stressful Life Events and Their Association With Sexual Risk Behaviors and Communication Among Justice-Involved Males and Their Female Sex Partners. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2022; 34:379-394. [PMID: 36181499 PMCID: PMC9576004 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2022.34.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are prevalent among justice-involved populations and are associated with sexual risk behaviors and partner communication regarding safe-sex practices. We describe patterns of stress exposure for heterosexual couples (where males are under community supervision) and how stress patterns are associated with sexual risk behaviors and communication (460 individuals; 230 couples). Latent class analysis identified patterns of stress. Multinominal logistic regression models identified associations between sex, race, ethnicity, and stress classes. Multilevel Poisson regression models described relationships between sexual risk behaviors and frequency of communication about condoms/HIV, and stress classes. We found four classes that differed by sex, race, and ethnicity and were associated with the number of sexual partners, condom use self-efficacy, discussing condoms with partner, and discussing HIV prevention with partner. Partner class was associated with the number of sexual partners. Findings inform future assessment/interventions for sexual health that consider patterns of stress and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy F Henry
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
- College of Education, Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Mingway Chang
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elwin Wu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Hunt
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections are increasing in Brazilian adolescents and youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and other psychosocial variables with condom use behavior and sexual debut in a sample of adolescents from Santa Maria-RS. Data was collected with 452 adolescents (57% girls), mean age of 15.9 years (SD = 1.4), using the Brazilian Youth Questionnaire – Phase II. Condom use behavior was not associated with self-esteem or self-efficacy in the logistic regression model, contrary to the main hypothesis. General self-efficacy was positively associated with sexual debut, while religiosity was negatively associated with this outcome. Family support was associated with older age at sexual debut. The findings support the importance of analyzing different sexual behaviors separately, as they may have distinct predictors. Studies should use specific measures of self-efficacy when studying sexual behavior and measure how participants value different sexual behaviors.
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7
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Xiang Y, Fujimoto K, Schneider J, Jia Y, Zhi D, Tao C. Network context matters: graph convolutional network model over social networks improves the detection of unknown HIV infections among young men who have sex with men. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 26:1263-1271. [PMID: 31197365 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV infection risk can be estimated based on not only individual features but also social network information. However, there have been insufficient studies using n machine learning methods that can maximize the utility of such information. Leveraging a state-of-the-art network topology modeling method, graph convolutional networks (GCN), our main objective was to include network information for the task of detecting previously unknown HIV infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used multiple social network data (peer referral, social, sex partners, and affiliation with social and health venues) that include 378 young men who had sex with men in Houston, TX, collected between 2014 and 2016. Due to the limited sample size, an ensemble approach was engaged by integrating GCN for modeling information flow and statistical machine learning methods, including random forest and logistic regression, to efficiently model sparse features in individual nodes. RESULTS Modeling network information using GCN effectively increased the prediction of HIV status in the social network. The ensemble approach achieved 96.6% on accuracy and 94.6% on F1 measure, which outperformed the baseline methods (GCN, logistic regression, and random forest: 79.0%, 90.5%, 94.4% on accuracy, respectively; and 57.7%, 80.2%, 90.4% on F1). In the networks with missing HIV status, the ensemble also produced promising results. CONCLUSION Network context is a necessary component in modeling infectious disease transmissions such as HIV. GCN, when combined with traditional machine learning approaches, achieved promising performance in detecting previously unknown HIV infections, which may provide a useful tool for combatting the HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kayo Fujimoto
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Schneider
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuxi Jia
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Degui Zhi
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cui Tao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Chan RCH, Operario D, Mak WWS. Effects of HIV-Related Discrimination on Psychosocial Syndemics and Sexual Risk Behavior among People Living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061924. [PMID: 32187991 PMCID: PMC7143361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the context of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, people living with HIV (PLHIV) might be vulnerable to a ‘syndemic’ of co-occurring psychosocial challenges that can affect sexual behavior. The present study examined how HIV-related discrimination contributes to co-occurring psychosocial syndemic problems and results in inconsistent condom use among PLHIV in Hong Kong. Two-hundred and ninety-one PLHIV were recruited to complete a self-report questionnaire. More than one-quarter of the sample experienced two or more psychosocial syndemic problems, and 74.1% of the participants who had sex with steady partners reported inconsistent condom use over the past three months. The results indicated that HIV-related discrimination was positively predictive of the number of psychosocial syndemic problems. HIV-related discrimination and psychosocial syndemics were associated with increased odds of inconsistent condom use with steady partners (AOR = 5.40 and AOR = 3.09 respectively). Findings from structural equation modeling showed that psychosocial syndemics mediated the effect of HIV-related discrimination on condom use consistency with steady partners. PLHIV in Hong Kong suffered from the syndemic effects of stigma, social isolation, and poor mental health, which rendered them vulnerable to condomless sex. In order to curb the rapidly increasing incidence of HIV, multi-level strategies should be adopted to concurrently address the structural inequities and psychosocial syndemics faced by PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph C. H. Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Winnie W. S. Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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Foley JD, Vanable PA, Brown LK, Carey MP, DiClemente RJ, Romer D, Valois RF. Depressive symptoms as a longitudinal predictor of sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents. Health Psychol 2019; 38:1001-1009. [PMID: 31380687 PMCID: PMC6800787 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding individual level factors associated with sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents remains an important public health priority. The current secondary data analysis examined the longitudinal association between a baseline assessment of depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviors reported 6 months later; the purpose was to determine whether the association of depressive symptoms to risky sex varies as a function of gender. A secondary aim was to examine self-efficacy for sex refusal and condom use assessed at a 3-month follow-up as mediators of the depressive symptoms-sexual risk relationship. METHODS The sample consisted of 782 sexually active African-American adolescents (Mage = 15.3 years, SD = 1.08; 54% female) recruited to participate in a sexual health intervention trial. Data analyses focused on vaginal sex, and outcomes included: (a) sexual activity with 2 or more partners in the previous 3 months; (b) the relative frequency of condom use in the previous 3 months; (c) noncondom use at last occasion of sex; and (d) positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening. RESULTS Depressive symptoms predicted sex with 2 more partners for female participants, but no other risk markers for the sample as a whole. However, there was a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on condomless sex via decreased condom use self-efficacy for both male and female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for HIV/STI prevention, in which behavioral interventions may benefit from modules that include a focus on the influence of mood on self-efficacy for safer sex practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Shen Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo M, Wang S, Jiang X, Yang Y, Cai Y, Shang M. Understanding condom use among unmarried female migrants: a psychological and personality factors modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:223. [PMID: 30791897 PMCID: PMC6385431 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, unmarried female migrants are vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health risks. One effective protection strategy is promoting consistent condom use (CCU). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to apply the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and modified it by addition of psychological and personal factors to examine the related factors of CCU and provide suggestions for intervention among unmarried female migrants. RESULTS Of all 903 eligible participants, only 13.8% of participants reported CCU in the past six months. Both the IMB model and the modified IMB model provided acceptable fit to the data. In both models, information had no direct or indirect influence on CCU (p > 0.05). However, behavioral skills had a positive effect on CCU (β = 0.344, p < 0.001 and β = 0.330, p < 0.001). Moreover, motivation contributed to CCU indirectly by affecting behavioral skills (β = 0.800, p < 0.001) and had no direct influence (p > 0.05). In the modified model, psychological and personality factors influenced CCU directly (β = - 0.100, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of conducting CCU promotion among unmarried female migrants. Future intervention strategies should focus on both the traditional IMB model constructs and the added psychological and personality factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Shen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with the School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meili Shang
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center, No.375, Sanlin Road, Shanghai, 200126, People's Republic of China.
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Meanley S, Tingler R, Chittamuru D, Bauermeister JA. Applying resilience theory models to contextualize economic-dependent partnerships as a risk factor for HIV among young men who have sex with men. AIDS Care 2019; 30:42-50. [PMID: 30626200 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1493185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Economic-dependent partnerships (EDP) are an understudied HIV risk correlate among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the U.S. We explored whether YMSM's psychological resilience buffered against the effect of socioeconomic disadvantage on EDPs, after accounting for other psychosocial risks. Data come from an observational study assessing YMSM's HIV vulnerabilities. We developed indices for socioeconomic disadvantage, psychosocial profiles, and cumulative promotive factors. Multivariable logistic regressions tested the main associations of these indices on EDPs. Protective models tested whether psychosocial profiles exacerbated and cumulative promotive factors buffered the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on EDPs. 31% and 23% of YMSM reported EDPs with main and casual partners, respectively. For both outcomes, we found support for adjusted compensatory models. Socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased odds of EDPs with main (AOR = 1.45, p < .001) and casual (AOR = 1.47, p < .001) partners. Psychosocial profiles were also associated with increased odds of EDPs with main (AOR = 1.53, p = .001) and casual (AOR = 1.67, p < .001) partners. Cumulative promotive factors was associated with decreased odds of EDPs with main (AOR = 0.66, p = .003) and casual (AOR = 0.72, p = .035) partners. Our findings elucidate the need for multilevel interventions that provide opportunities for socioeconomic advancement and improve psychosocial/psychological functioning for at-risk YMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Meanley
- a Family and Community Health , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ryan Tingler
- a Family and Community Health , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Deepti Chittamuru
- a Family and Community Health , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jose A Bauermeister
- a Family and Community Health , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Jones AA, Dyer TV, Das A, Lasopa SO, Striley CW, Cottler LB. Risky Sexual Behaviors, Substance Use, and Perceptions of Risky Behaviors Among Criminal Justice Involved Women Who Trade Sex. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019; 49:15-27. [PMID: 33828337 PMCID: PMC8022863 DOI: 10.1177/0022042618795141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined risky sexual behaviors, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV)-defined alcohol and substance use disorders, and perceptions of risky behaviors among community released, justice-involved women, who are currently trading sex (CTS), formerly traded sex (FTS), or have never traded sex. Data were derived from 266 sexually active women recruited from a Municipal Drug Court System in St. Louis, Missouri. In an adjusted multinomial regression model, being dependent on alcohol and cocaine was the most robust correlate of sex-trading status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: CTS = 4.21, FTS = 4.66). Perceptions of sexual risk and HIV were significantly associated with CTS (AOR = 3.39), however, not FTS. Other significant correlates of sex trading status included age, lifetime injection drug use, lower education, child sexual abuse, and unstable housing. Gender-specific interventions tailored toward currently and formerly sex-trading women are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaa A. Jones
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T. V. Dyer
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - A. Das
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. O. Lasopa
- Sir Thutob Namgyal Memorial Hospital, Gangtok, India
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13
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Okafor CN, Christodoulou J, Bantjes J, Qondela T, Stewart J, Shoptaw S, Tomlinson M, Rotherman-Borus MJ. Understanding HIV Risk Behaviors Among Young Men in South Africa: A Syndemic Approach. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:3962-3970. [PMID: 30003507 PMCID: PMC6330132 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Young men in South Africa experience several adverse socio-structural and psychosocial factors that may contribute HIV risk behaviors. This study applied a syndemic framework to explore whether these syndemic factors are interconnected and work in synergy to increase HIV risk behaviors. Five syndemic factors were assessed including: binge drinking, polydrug use, depressive symptoms, violence and food insecurity on two HIV risk behaviors: multiple sex partners and transactional sex. Participants were (N = 1233) young men aged 18-29 years from a township in Cape Town, South Africa. Bivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that many of the syndemic factors were related to one another. Pairwise interactions (on an additive scale) among the syndemic factors revealed significant positive interactions between binge drinking and violence on greater odds of reporting multiple sex partners (aOR = 5.10, 95% CI 3.10, 8.29; p = < .001) compared to reporting neither factor. Also, food insecurity and violence (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.63, 5.11; p = < .001) as well as food insecurity and polydrug use (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.54, 4.84; p = < .001) were significantly associated with greater odds of transactional sex compared to reporting neither factor. Our findings highlight a synergistic relationship between some adverse socio-structural and psychosocial factors on HIV risk behaviors. HIV prevention programs that address multiple syndemic factors simultaneously may achieve greater impact on HIV risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka N Okafor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave (Room 37-121CHS), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1688, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Joan Christodoulou
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tembinkosi Qondela
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jackie Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Steve Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mary Jane Rotherman-Borus
- UCLA Center for HIV Identification, Prevention and Treatment Services, University of California, Los Angeles, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Wang Z, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Luo M, Shen Q, Dong Y, Wang Y, Cai Y. Co-Occurring Psychosocial Problems and Multiple Sexual Partners among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shanghai, China: A Syndemic Approach. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:892-901. [PMID: 29220586 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1399333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to apply syndemic theory to verify the association and reinforcing effects between psychosocial problems and multiple sexual partners (MSP) of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 547 MSM in Shanghai, China using a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic and psychosocial data were collected, as well as information on MSP and condomless anal sex. In the 6 months prior to the survey, 54.3% of the MSM sample had had MSP. Univariate analysis showed that self-esteem, depression, loneliness, sexual compulsivity, and involuntary subordination (IS) were associated with MSP. Sexual compulsivity (multivariate odds ratio [ORm] = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.76-4.91) and IS (ORm = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.14-2.81) remained significant in multivariate analysis. MSM with five or more psychosocial problems had greater odds of (adjusted odds ratios = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.49-6.25) having MSP in the previous 6 months than the non-syndemic group. Our findings provide preliminary confirmation of the additive relationship of syndemic psychosocial health conditions and MSP among MSM in Shanghai, China. An integrated intervention with special focus on sexual compulsivity and IS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Wang
- a School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Medicine
| | - Xu Zhao
- b Antibiotic Institute , Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Zhan Zhang
- c Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Mengyun Luo
- d School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Medicine and
| | - Qiuming Shen
- d School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Medicine and
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- d School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Medicine and
| | - Ying Wang
- d School of Public Health , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Medicine and
| | - Yong Cai
- e Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
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15
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Velo-Higueras C, Cuéllar-Flores I, Sainz-Costa T, Navarro-Gómez ML, García-Navarro C, Fernández-McPhee C, Ramírez A, Bisbal O, Blazquez-Gamero D, Ramos-Amador JT, Valencia-Ortega E, González-Tomé MI. Young adults and HIV. Awareness and risk behaviour of a group living in Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2018; 37:176-182. [PMID: 30017259 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual intercourse is currently the main route of HIV infection in Spain. Despite decreases in new infections among women and drug users, the rate remains stable in men. The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviour and HIV awareness in a sample of young adults in Spain. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was performed on a non-HIV infected sample, using a questionnaire on sexual health and HIV awareness adapted from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. A sexual risk variable was included (high and low), which was classified as high if subjects had had three or more sexual partners and did not always use a condom in all their sexual encounters. RESULTS 243 subjects were included (65.6% women) aged between 16 and 36years (mean=25.7; SD=4.1) (16-24years: 134 subjects; 25-29years: 60 subjects; over 30years: 47 subjects). Approximately 40.9% said that they used a condom in all sexual relations and 61% did not perceive any risk of infection. There were no significant differences in awareness of infection routes between the high and low risk profiles. Washing after sex, having few partners, spermicide use and having undetectable viral load were protective measures significantly associated with differences in sexual risk (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The main finding of the study was the underestimation of risk of infection, analysed after differences found between self-assessment and sexual risk. Both positive and negative results were found concerning HIV awareness.
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Benson S, Elkington KS, Leu CS, Bucek A, Dolezal C, Warne P, Mellins C. Association Between Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Perinatally HIV-Exposed Youth. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2018; 29:538-549. [PMID: 29526603 PMCID: PMC5999563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection age, there is a need for studies that identify predictors and correlates of sexual risk behaviors. We examined the association between psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUD) with sexual risk behaviors in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. Participants were recruited from four medical centers in New York City. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and the Adolescent Sexual Behavior Assessment were administered to assess psychiatric disorders and sexual behaviors, respectively. SUD and behavior disorders were correlated with either ever having had penetrative sex or recent condomless sex for participants with perinatally acquired HIV infection only. Results suggest that clinicians should screen and treat patients for SUD and behavioral disorders to reduce sexual risk behaviors in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Benson
- Research Assistant, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine S. Elkington
- Assistant Professor, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, and Training Director, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- Assistant Professor, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, and Biostatistician and Research Scientist, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amelia Bucek
- Project Director, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Curtis Dolezal
- Research Scientist, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Warne
- Associate Director, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claude Mellins
- Professor, Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA, and Research Scientist and Co-Director, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Syndemics: A theory in search of data or data in search of a theory? Soc Sci Med 2018; 206:117-122. [PMID: 29628175 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a syndemic was proposed more than two decades ago to explain how large-scale social forces might give rise to co-occurring epidemics that synergistically interact to undermine health in vulnerable populations. This conceptual instrument has the potential to help policymakers and program implementers in their endeavors to improve population health. Accordingly, it has become an increasingly popular heuristic for advocacy, most notably in the field of HIV treatment and prevention. However, most empirical studies purporting to validate the theory of syndemics actually do no such thing. Tomori et al. (2018) provide a novel case study from India illustrating how the dominant empirical approach fails to promote deeper understanding about how hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, depression, childhood sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence interact to worsen HIV risk among men who have sex with men. In this commentary, I relate the theory of syndemics to other established social science and public health theories of disease distribution, identify possible sources of conceptual and empirical confusion, and provide concrete suggestions for how to validate the theory using a mixed-methods approach. The hope is that more evidence can be mobilized -- whether informed by the theory of syndemics or not -- to improve health and psychosocial wellbeing among vulnerable populations worldwide.
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18
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Córdova D, Heinze JE, Hsieh HF, Mistry R, Salas-Wright CP, Cook SH, Zimmerman MA. Are trajectories of a syndemic index in adolescence linked to HIV vulnerability in emerging and young adulthood? AIDS 2018; 32:495-503. [PMID: 29239889 PMCID: PMC5790600 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine trajectories of adolescent psychosocial risk - drug use, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and violence victimization and observation - and the longitudinal relationship between psychosocial risk trajectories during adolescence and HIV risk behaviors in adulthood. METHODS The 18-year longitudinal study was conducted from September 1994 through May 2013, in Michigan. Eight hundred and fifty predominantly (80%) African-American adolescents completed demographics and measures of drug use, depressive and anxiety symptoms, violence victimization and observation at Times 1-4, sexual risk behaviors at Times 5 and 6, and social conditions (i.e. family, peer, and community-level factors) between 14.9 and 32.0 years of age. RESULTS Growth mixture modeling revealed two trajectories of psychosocial risk factors which can be characterized as a syndemic index: high-frequency and low-frequency. The high-frequency class was more likely to report HIV risk behaviors, including condomless sex at last sexual intercourse with their primary and secondary partner, sexual intercourse with someone they just met, at least four sexual partners, and licit and illicit drug use prior to sexual intercourse at Time 5 (mean age 23.1). At Time 6 (mean age 32.0), the high-frequency class was more likely to report sexual intercourse with someone they just met and at least four sexual partners, relative to the low-frequency class. In addition, the high-frequency class was linked to peer and family-level indicators of social conditions. CONCLUSION A syndemic index comprised of co-occurring psychosocial risk factors in adolescence seem to have lasting effects on the vulnerability to engage in HIV risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, some of which extend into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin E Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Stephanie H Cook
- Department of Biostatistics and Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wilson PA, Meyer IH, Antebi-Gruszka N, Boone MR, Cook SH, Cherenack EM. Profiles of Resilience and Psychosocial Outcomes among Young Black Gay and Bisexual Men. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 57:144-57. [PMID: 27217318 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Young Black gay/bisexual men (YBGBM) are affected by contextual stressors-namely syndemic conditions and minority stress-that threaten their health and well-being. Resilience is a process through which YBGBM achieve positive psychosocial outcomes in the face of adverse conditions. Self-efficacy, hardiness and adaptive coping, and social support may be important resilience factors for YBGBM. This study explores different profiles of these resilience factors in 228 YBGBM in New York City and compares profiles on psychological distress, mental health, and other psychosocial factors. Four profiles of resilience were identified: (a) Low self-efficacy and hardiness/adaptive coping (23.5%); (b) Low peer and parental support (21.2%); (c) High peer support, low father support (34.5%); and (d) High father and mother support, self-efficacy, and hardiness/adaptive coping (20.8%). YBGBM in profile 1 scored markedly higher on distress (d = .74) and lower on mental health functioning (d = .93) compared to men in the other profiles. Results suggest that self-efficacy and hardiness/adaptive coping may play a more important role in protecting YBGBM from risks compared to social support and should be targeted in interventions. The findings show that resilience is a multidimensional construct and support the notion that there are different patterns of resilience among YBGBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Wilson
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilan H Meyer
- Williams Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Antebi-Gruszka
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa R Boone
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie H Cook
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily M Cherenack
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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