1
|
Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, O'Masta B, Maher B, Cerles A, Saadeh K, Mahmooth Z, MacMillan LM, Rush M, Kaminski JW. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prenatal, Birth, and Postnatal Factors Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:203-224. [PMID: 35303250 PMCID: PMC9482663 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown mixed results on the relationship between prenatal, birth, and postnatal ("pregnancy-related") risk factors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted meta-analyses to identify potentially modifiable pregnancy-related factors associated with ADHD. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE in 2014, followed by an updated search in January 2021, identified 69 articles published in English on pregnancy-related risk factors and ADHD for inclusion. Risk factors were included in the meta-analysis if at least three effect sizes with clear pregnancy-related risk factor exposure were identified. Pooled effect sizes were calculated for ADHD overall, ADHD diagnosis, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for dichotomous measures and correlation coefficients (CC) for continuous measures. Prenatal factors (pre-pregnancy weight, preeclampsia, pregnancy complications, elevated testosterone exposure), and postnatal factors (Apgar score, neonatal illness, no breastfeeding) were positively associated with ADHD overall; the findings for ADHD diagnosis were similar with the exception that there were too few effect sizes available to examine pre-pregnancy weight and lack of breastfeeding. Prenatal testosterone was significantly associated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Effect sizes were generally small (range 1.1-1.6 ORs, -0.16-0.11 CCs). Risk factors occurring at the time of birth (perinatal asphyxia, labor complications, mode of delivery) were not significantly associated with ADHD. A better understanding of factors that are consistently associated with ADHD may inform future prevention strategies. The findings reported here suggest that prenatal and postnatal factors may serve as potential targets for preventing or mitigating the symptoms of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center On Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dooley N, Healy C, Cotter D, Clarke M, Cannon M. Predicting childhood ADHD-linked symptoms from prenatal and perinatal data in the ABCD cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:979-992. [PMID: 36946069 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the capacity of pre/perinatal factors to predict attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood. It also explores whether predictive accuracy of a pre/perinatal model varies for different groups in the population. We used the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) cohort from the United States (N = 9975). Pre/perinatal information and the Child Behavior Checklist were reported by the parent when the child was aged 9-10. Forty variables which are generally known by birth were input as potential predictors including maternal substance-use, obstetric complications and child demographics. Elastic net regression with 5-fold validation was performed, and subsequently stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, household income and parental psychopathology. Seventeen pre/perinatal variables were identified as robust predictors of ADHD symptoms in this cohort. The model explained just 8.13% of the variance in ADHD symptoms on average (95% CI = 5.6%-11.5%). Predictive accuracy of the model varied significantly by subgroup, particularly across income groups, and several pre/perinatal factors appeared to be sex-specific. Results suggest we may be able to predict childhood ADHD symptoms with modest accuracy from birth. This study needs to be replicated using prospectively measured pre/perinatal data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamper M, Schmidt-Kastner R. Sleep Disorder Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) Joins the List of Polygenic Brain Disorders Associated with Obstetric Complications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3393-3403. [PMID: 37553546 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Kleine-Levin Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder with onset typically during adolescence that is characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, behavioral changes, and cognitive abnormalities, in the absence of structural changes in neuroimaging. As for many functional brain disorders, the exact disease mechanism in Kleine-Levin Syndrome is presently unknown, preventing the development of specific treatment approaches or protective measures. Here we review the pathophysiology and genetics of this functional brain disorder and then present a specific working hypothesis. A neurodevelopmental mechanism has been suspected based on associations with obstetric complications. Recent studies have focused on genetic factors whereby the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Kleine-Levin Syndrome has defined a linkage at the TRANK1 locus. A Gene x Environment interaction model involving obstetric complications was proposed based on concepts developed for other functional brain disorders. To stimulate future research, we here performed annotations of the genes under consideration for Kleine-Levin Syndrome in relation to factors expected to be associated with obstetric complications. Annotations used data-mining of gene/protein lists related to for hypoxia, ischemia, and vascular factors and targeted literature searches. Tentative links for TRANK1, four additional genes in the TRANK1 locus, and LMOD3-LMO2 are described. Protein interaction data for TRANK1 indicate links to CBX2, CBX4, and KDM3A, that in turn can be tied to hypoxia. Taken together, the neurological sleep disorder, Kleine-Levin Syndrome, shows genetic and mechanistic overlap with well analyzed brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD in which polygenic predisposition interacts with external events during brain development, including obstetric complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hamper
- Florida Atlantic University (FAU), CE Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Rainald Schmidt-Kastner
- Florida Atlantic University (FAU), CE Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, CE Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dooley N, Healy C, Brannigan R, Cotter D, Clarke M, Cannon M. Explaining the Association Between Fetal Growth and Childhood ADHD Symptoms: Cross-cohort Replication. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:247-259. [PMID: 36114937 PMCID: PMC9867674 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The association between restricted fetal growth and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood is well-replicated and robust. However, fetal growth is determined by many prenatal factors and associations with mental health may be confounded by familial and social context. In this study, we sought to quantify the relative contributions of prenatal factors and familial confounds to the association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms. Two independent cohorts were analyzed, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD; United States) and the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study. ADHD symptoms were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (ABCD) and the Strengths & Difficulties questionnaire (GUI) at age 9-10. Using sequential regression models, we assessed the change-in-association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms after controlling for sex, familial factors (socioeconomic/demographic factors & family psychiatric history) and prenatal factors (pregnancy complications & maternal substance-use during pregnancy). Converging findings from cohorts suggested that over a quarter of the association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms is attributable to familial confounds. The degree to which the association was explained by prenatal factors differed by cohort-pregnancy complications explained a larger proportion of the effect in ABCD (7.9%) than GUI (2.7%), and maternal substance-use explained a larger proportion of the effect in GUI (22.7%) compared to ABCD (4.8%). Different explanations of the fetal growth-ADHD association across cohorts suggests cohort-specific, and potentially nationally-specific, risk factors for fetal growth and related neurodevelopmental outcomes. The evidence suggests early prevention of ADHD in Ireland should focus on minimizing maternal smoking during pregnancy. In the US, prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications are highlighted as viable targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Brannigan
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robertson OC, Marceau K, Moding KJ, Knopik VS. Developmental pathways linking obesity risk and early puberty: The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Kian N, Samieefar N, Rezaei N. Prenatal risk factors and genetic causes of ADHD in children. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:308-319. [PMID: 35235183 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disease among children; it affected 5-7% of the population in 2015. ADHD is a multifactorial disease, and its etiology is still not clearly understood. DATA SOURCES This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, risk factors; genetics; pediatrics; psychiatrics as keywords. RESULTS ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis; however, findings from genetic-environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an individual's condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures, especially those during the prenatal stage. CONCLUSION ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,USERN Office, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Belenichev IF, Aliyeva EG, Kamyshny OM, Bukhtiyarova NV, Ryzhenko VP, Gorchakova NO. Pharmacological Modulation of Endogenous Neuroprotection after Experimental Prenatal Hypoxia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Panayotacopoulou MT, Papageorgiou I, Pagida M, Katsogridaki AE, Chrysanthou-Piterou M, Valous NA, Halama N, Patsouris E, Konstantinidou AE. Microglia Activation in the Midbrain of the Human Neonate: The Effect of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:208-224. [PMID: 35092294 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI) is a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric deficits later in life. We previously reported that after prolonged PHI, the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra, without important signs of neuronal degeneration despite the significant reduction in their cell size. Since microglia activation could precede neuronal death, we now investigated 2 microglia activation markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the phagocytosis marker Cd68. The highest Iba1 immunoreactivity was found in neonates with neuropathological lesions of severe/abrupt PHI, while the lowest in subjects with moderate/prolonged or older PHI. Subjects with very severe/prolonged or chronic PHI showed an increased Iba1 expression and very activated microglial morphology. Heavy attachment of microglia on TH neurons and remarkable expression of Cd68 were also observed indicating phagocytosis in this group. Females appear to express more Iba1 than males, suggesting a gender difference in microglia maturation and immune reactivity after PHI insult. PHI-induced microglial "priming" during the sensitive for brain development perinatal/neonatal period, in combination with genetic or other epigenetic factors, could predispose the survivors to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, possibly through a sexually dimorphic way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Ismini Papageorgiou
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany (IP).,Institute of Radiology, Südharz Hospital Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany (IP)
| | - Marianna Pagida
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Alexandra E Katsogridaki
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Margarita Chrysanthou-Piterou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Nektarios A Valous
- Applied Tumor Immunity Clinical Cooperation Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NAV)
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany (NH).,Division of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NH)
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP).,1st Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (EP, AEK)
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dooley N, Clarke M, Cotter D, Cannon M. Birth Weight and Childhood Psychopathology in the ABCD Cohort: Association is Strongest for Attention Problems and is Moderated by Sex. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:563-575. [PMID: 35072847 PMCID: PMC9054906 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown low birth weight is associated with psychopathology later in life, particularly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The association is well-replicated, independent from a variety of potential familial confounds, and follows a dose-response curve (decreasing birth weight linked with increasing odds of disorder). However, the specificity of the association to attention problems is called into question by the extent of comorbidity in ADHD, and recent findings that the association is stronger for autism than ADHD. We test the relative dose-response strength of birth weight on multiple aspects of behavior to explore specificity of the effect to attention problems. We also test recent suggestions that the association between birth weight and attention problems is driven by males. Our sample consisted of 9,076 children aged 9-10 from the United States (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). Outcomes included 9 problem-scales and the total problems scale from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Attention problems were the most strongly associated with birth weight after controlling for gestational age, potential familial confounds, and multiple testing, supporting the outcome-specificity of this association. Contrary to recent registry-based findings, an association between birth weight and an autism scale was not observed. Sex moderated the effect of birth weight on total problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior such that these inverse associations were strongly driven by males. Our findings have strong implications for sex-specific prediction and etiological models of childhood psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kong L, Chen X, Liang Y, Forsell Y, Gissler M, Lavebratt C. Association of Preeclampsia and Perinatal Complications With Offspring Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2145719. [PMID: 35089349 PMCID: PMC8800079 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maternal preeclampsia has been reported to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability in offspring. However, the association between maternal preeclampsia combined with perinatal complications and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring is less well documented. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal preeclampsia, separately and together with perinatal complications, with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study used data from nationwide registries in Finland to assess all singleton live births (N = 1 012 723) between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2014. Offspring were followed up until December 31, 2018 (when the oldest reached age 22 years). Exclusion criteria were maternal inpatient psychiatric diagnoses and pregestational diabetes. The study and data analysis were conducted from May 1, 2020, to June 1, 2021. EXPOSURES Preeclampsia and perinatal complications (delivery earlier than 34 weeks' gestation and/or small for gestational age). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses and dispensation of psychotropic drugs among offspring until December 31, 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the associations. RESULTS Of 1 012 723 singleton live births (51.1% boys; mean [SD] maternal age at birth, 30.0 [5.4] years; specific data on race and ethnicity were not available in the data set), 21 010 children (2.1%) were exposed to preeclampsia alone, 33 625 children (3.3%) were exposed to perinatal complications alone, and 4891 children (0.5%) were exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications. A total of 93 281 children (9.2%) were diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. Offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications had an increased risk of any neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder after adjusting for potential confounding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.11; 95% CI, 1.96-2.26) compared with those not exposed to either preeclampsia or perinatal complications; this risk was higher than exposure to either preeclampsia alone (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.23) or perinatal complications alone (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.72-1.82). Sibling pair analyses did not detect any increase in the risk of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders after exposure to preeclampsia alone, but offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications had increased risks of intellectual disabilities (aHR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.05-10.06), specific developmental disorders (aHR, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.35-5.41), ADHD and conduct disorders (aHR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.09-5.39), and other behavioral and emotional disorders (aHR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.17-5.13). The risk estimates for specific developmental disorders (aHR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.60-3.05) and ADHD and conduct disorders (aHR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.65-2.14) were higher among offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications compared with those exposed to perinatal complications alone (aHR, 2.26 [95% CI, 2.18-2.33] and 1.60 [95% CI, 1.52-1.68], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, exposure to both maternal preeclampsia and perinatal complications was associated with intellectual disabilities, specific developmental disorders, ADHD and conduct disorders, and other behavioral and emotional disorders in offspring. For specific developmental disorders and ADHD and conduct disorders, the risk estimates were higher among offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal complications compared with those exposed to perinatal complications only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinxia Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Information Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang B, Zeng H, Liu J, Sun M. Effects of Prenatal Hypoxia on Nervous System Development and Related Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:755554. [PMID: 34759794 PMCID: PMC8573102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.755554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis, which was proposed by David Barker in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s, posited that adult chronic diseases originated from various adverse stimuli in early fetal development. FOAD is associated with a wide range of adult chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and autism. Intrauterine hypoxia/prenatal hypoxia is one of the most common complications of obstetrics and could lead to alterations in brain structure and function; therefore, it is strongly associated with neurological disorders such as cognitive impairment and anxiety. However, how fetal hypoxia results in neurological disorders remains unclear. According to the existing literature, we have summarized the causes of prenatal hypoxia, the effects of prenatal hypoxia on brain development and behavioral phenotypes, and the possible molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rahman MS, Takahashi N, Iwabuchi T, Nishimura T, Harada T, Okumura A, Takei N, Nomura Y, Tsuchiya KJ. Elevated risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Japanese children with higher genetic susceptibility to ADHD with a birth weight under 2000 g. BMC Med 2021; 19:229. [PMID: 34556092 PMCID: PMC8461893 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and pre- and perinatal factors, including birth weight, have been implicated in the onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits among children. This study aimed to elucidate to what extent the genetic risk of ADHD moderates the association between birth weight and ADHD traits among Japanese children. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study (Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mother and Children Study) to investigate the association of genetic risk for ADHD and low birth weight with ADHD traits among Japanese children. Out of 1258 children, we included 796 who completed follow-ups at 8 to 9 years of age. Birth weight was categorized as <2000 g, 2000-2499 g, and ≥2500 g. Polygenic risk score for ADHD was generated using the summary data of a large-scale genome-wide association study. The Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS) assessed ADHD traits (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) based on parental reports. Following previous studies, sex, birth order of the child, gestational age at birth, mother's age at delivery, educational attainment, pre-pregnancy body mass index, pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy smoking status, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, father's age, education, and annual family income were considered as covariates. Multivariable negative binomial regression was applied to evaluate the association between birth weight and ADHD traits, while adjusting for potential covariates. The interaction term between birth weight categories and binary polygenic risk was added to the model. RESULTS Birth weight of 2000-2499 g was not associated with ADHD traits. Birth weight under 2000 g was significantly associated with both inattention and hyperactivity. When accounting for higher and lower genetic risk for ADHD, only those with higher genetic risk and birth weight < 2000 g were associated with inattention (rate ratio [RR] 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27) and hyperactivity (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Birth weight under 2000 g, together with the genetic risk of ADHD, contributes to higher levels of ADHD traits among Japanese children aged 8 to 9 years. The suggested association between low birth weight and ADHD is confined to children with a genetic susceptibility to ADHD, indicating the relevance of genetic-environmental interactions in the etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nori Takei
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alm PA. Stuttering: A Disorder of Energy Supply to Neurons? Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:662204. [PMID: 34630054 PMCID: PMC8496059 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.662204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stuttering is a disorder characterized by intermittent loss of volitional control of speech movements. This hypothesis and theory article focuses on the proposal that stuttering may be related to an impairment of the energy supply to neurons. Findings from electroencephalography (EEG), brain imaging, genetics, and biochemistry are reviewed: (1) Analyses of the EEG spectra at rest have repeatedly reported reduced power in the beta band, which is compatible with indications of reduced metabolism. (2) Studies of the absolute level of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) show conflicting findings, with two studies reporting reduced rCBF in the frontal lobe, and two studies, based on a different method, reporting no group differences. This contradiction has not yet been resolved. (3) The pattern of reduction in the studies reporting reduced rCBF corresponds to the regional pattern of the glycolytic index (GI; Vaishnavi et al., 2010). High regional GI indicates high reliance on non-oxidative metabolism, i.e., glycolysis. (4) Variants of the gene ARNT2 have been associated with stuttering. This gene is primarily expressed in the brain, with a pattern roughly corresponding to the pattern of regional GI. A central function of the ARNT2 protein is to act as one part of a sensor system indicating low levels of oxygen in brain tissue and to activate appropriate responses, including activation of glycolysis. (5) It has been established that genes related to the functions of the lysosomes are implicated in some cases of stuttering. It is possible that these gene variants result in a reduced peak rate of energy supply to neurons. (6) Lastly, there are indications of interactions between the metabolic system and the dopamine system: for example, it is known that acute hypoxia results in an elevated tonic level of dopamine in the synapses. Will mild chronic limitations of energy supply also result in elevated levels of dopamine? The indications of such interaction effects suggest that the metabolic theory of stuttering should be explored in parallel with the exploration of the dopaminergic theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per A. Alm
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alhassen S, Chen S, Alhassen L, Phan A, Khoudari M, De Silva A, Barhoosh H, Wang Z, Parrocha C, Shapiro E, Henrich C, Wang Z, Mutesa L, Baldi P, Abbott GW, Alachkar A. Intergenerational trauma transmission is associated with brain metabotranscriptome remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:783. [PMID: 34168265 PMCID: PMC8225861 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergenerational trauma increases lifetime susceptibility to depression and other psychiatric disorders. Whether intergenerational trauma transmission is a consequence of in-utero neurodevelopmental disruptions versus early-life mother–infant interaction is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that trauma exposure during pregnancy induces in mouse offspring social deficits and depressive-like behavior. Normal pups raised by traumatized mothers exhibited similar behavioral deficits to those induced in pups raised by their biological traumatized mothers. Good caregiving by normal mothers did not reverse prenatal trauma-induced behaviors, indicating a two-hit stress mechanism comprising both in-utero abnormalities and early-life poor parenting. The behavioral deficits were associated with profound changes in the brain metabotranscriptome. Striking increases in the mitochondrial hypoxia marker and epigenetic modifier 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the brains of neonates and adults exposed prenatally to trauma indicated mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic mechanisms. Bioinformatic analyses revealed stress- and hypoxia-response metabolic pathways in the neonates, which produced long-lasting alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic processes (DNA and chromatin modifications). Most strikingly, early pharmacological interventions with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) supplementation produced long-lasting protection against intergenerational trauma-induced depression. Sammy Alhassen, Siwei Chen, et al. use mouse models to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal stress on metabolomic and transcriptomic pathways in the brain. Their results suggest that altered mitochondrial metabolism may underlie trauma-induced behavioral deficits, and that correcting metabolism with ALCAR supplementation may protect against intergenerational transmission of traumatic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lamees Alhassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alvin Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Khoudari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Angele De Silva
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Huda Barhoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Parrocha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Emily Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charity Henrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González Fuentes J, Insausti Serrano R, Cebada Sánchez S, Lagartos Donate MJ, Rivas Infante E, Arroyo Jiménez MDM, Marcos Rabal MDP. Neuropeptides in the developing human hippocampus under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. J Anat 2021; 239:856-868. [PMID: 34028021 PMCID: PMC8450465 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period, sensitive for newborn survival, is also one of the most critical moments in human brain development. Perinatal hypoxia due to reduced blood supply to the brain (ischemia) is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. Brain damage caused by perinatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) can lead to neuro‐ and psychological disorders. However, its impact seems to be region‐dependent, with the hippocampus being one of the most affected areas. Among the neuronal populations of the hippocampus, some interneuron groups – such as somatostatin‐ or neuropeptide Y‐expressing neurons – seem to be particularly vulnerable. The limited information available about the effects of HI in the hippocampus comes mainly from animal models and adult human studies. This article presents an immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin (SOM) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the developing human hippocampus after perinatal HI. Two rostrocaudal sections of the body of the hippocampus were analysed, and the number of immunostained cells in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the pyramidal cell layer and stratumoriens of the CA3, CA2 and CA1 fields of the hippocampus proper were quantified. The results showed a lower density of both neuropeptides in hypoxic compared to control cases. In the HI group, the number of SOM‐immunoreactive cell bodies was statistically significantly lower in the pyramidal cell layer and stratumoriens of CA1, while the number of NPY‐expressing neurons was statistically lower in the pyramidal cell layer of CA2. Besides, the number of SOM‐expressing neurons was significantly higher in the stratumoriens of CA1 compared to that in CA2. In sum, we observed a different vulnerability of SOM‐ and NPY‐containing neurons in the developing human hippocampus following perinatal HI damage. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of the behaviour of these neuronal populations under stressful conditions during the perinatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín González Fuentes
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Del Mar Arroyo Jiménez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Marcos Rabal
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahi V, Kumar P. Animal models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:107-124. [PMID: 33428802 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by three primary symptoms hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsiveness, observed in both children and adults. In childhood, this disorder is more common in boys than in girls, and at least 75% will continue to suffer from the disorder until adulthood. Individuals with ADHD generally have poor academic, occupational, and social functioning resulting from developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as impaired ability to maintain attention on motivationally relevant tasks. Very few drugs available in clinical practice altogether abolish the symptoms of ADHD, therefore, to find new drugs and target it is essential to understand the neuropathological, neurochemical, and genetic alterations that lead to the progression of ADHD. With this contrast, an animal study is the best approach because animal models provide relatively fast invasive manipulation, rigorous hypothesis testing, as well as it provides a better angle to understand the pathological mechanisms involved in disease progression. Moreover, animal models, especially for ADHD, serve with good predictive validity would allow the assessment and development of new therapeutic interventions, with this aim, the present review collect the various animal models on a single platform so that the research can select an appropriate model to pursue his study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maeda M, Kitauchi S, Hirano T, Ikenaka Y, Nishi M, Shoda A, Murata M, Mantani Y, Tabuchi Y, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N. Fetal and lactational exposure to the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) dose of the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin inhibits neurogenesis and induces different behavioral abnormalities at the developmental stages in male mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:542-548. [PMID: 33518607 PMCID: PMC8025408 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) are transferred from mother to child and are assumed to affect the next generation, but the
behavioral effects of NN exposure at different developmental stages have not been investigated. We exposed mice to no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)
doses of clothianidin (CLO) during the fetal and lactational period, and then evaluated the neurobehavioral effects in juvenile and adult mice. Significant
increases in anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were observed in juveniles and adults, respectively, and neuronal activity and neurogenesis in the
hippocampal dentate gyrus were affected in both stages. These results suggest that fetal and lactational exposure to CLO may inhibit neurogenesis and cause
different behavioral abnormalities at different developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Maeda
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Misaki Nishi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Shoda
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Agam G, Taylor Z, Vainer E, Golan HM. The influence of choline treatment on behavioral and neurochemical autistic-like phenotype in Mthfr-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:316. [PMID: 32948746 PMCID: PMC7501861 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced one carbon metabolism and aberrant autophagy is robustly reported in patients with autism. Polymorphism in the gene methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), encoding for a key enzyme in this pathway is associated with an increased risk for autistic-spectrum-disorders (ASDs). Autistic-like core and associated behaviors have been described, with contribution of both maternal and offspring Mthfr+/- genotype to the different domains of behavior. Preconception and prenatal supplementation with methyl donor rich diet to human subjects and mice reduced the risk for developing autism and autistic-like behavior, respectively. Here we tested the potential of choline supplementation to Mthfr-deficient mice at young-adulthood to reduce behavioral and neurochemical changes reminiscent of autism characteristics. We show that offspring of Mthfr+/- mothers, whether wildtype or heterozygote, exhibit autistic-like behavior, altered brain p62 protein levels and LC3-II/LC3-I levels ratio, both, autophagy markers. Choline supplementation to adult offspring of Mthfr+/- mothers for 14 days counteracted characteristics related to repetitive behavior and anxiety both in males and in females and improved social behavior solely in male mice. Choline treatment also normalized deviant cortical levels of the autophagy markers measured in male mice. The results demonstrate that choline supplementation even at adulthood, not tested previously, to offspring of Mthfr-deficient mothers, attenuates the autistic-like phenotype. If this proof of concept is replicated it might promote translation of these results to treatment recommendation for children with ASDs bearing similar genetic/metabolic make-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galila Agam
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Zlotowski Center for Neurosciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zoe Taylor
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ella Vainer
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Mental Health Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hava M. Golan
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Zlotowski Center for Neurosciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Helfer B, Bozhilova N, Cooper RE, Douzenis JI, Maltezos S, Asherson P. The key role of daytime sleepiness in cognitive functioning of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e31. [PMID: 32131909 PMCID: PMC7315868 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently suffer from sleep problems and report high levels of daytime sleepiness compared to neurotypical controls, which has detrimental effect on quality of life. Methods. We evaluated daytime sleepiness in adults with ADHD compared to neurotypical controls using an observer-rated sleepiness protocol during the Sustained Attention Response Task as well as electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing, a quantitative electroencephalographic measure collected during a short period of wakeful rest. Results. We found that adults with ADHD were significantly sleepier than neurotypical controls during the cognitive task and that this on-task sleepiness contributed to cognitive performance deficits usually attributed to symptoms of ADHD. EEG slowing predicted severity of ADHD symptoms and diagnostic status, and was also related to daytime sleepiness. Frontal EEG slowing as well as increased frontal delta were especially prominent in adults with ADHD. We have validated and adapted an objective observer-rated measure for assessing on-task sleepiness that will contribute to future sleep research in psychology and psychiatry. Conclusions. These findings indicate that the cognitive performance deficits routinely attributed to ADHD and often conceptualized as cognitive endophenotypes of ADHD are largely due to on-task sleepiness and not exclusively due to ADHD symptom severity. Daytime sleepiness plays a major role in cognitive functioning of adults with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Helfer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natali Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Cooper
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Newham Centre for Mental Health, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna I Douzenis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanos Maltezos
- Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Beckenham, United Kingdom.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pagida MA, Konstantinidou AE, Chrysanthou-Piterou MA, Patsouris ES, Panayotacopoulou MT. Apoptotic Markers in the Midbrain of the Human Neonate After Perinatal Hypoxic/Ischemic Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:86-101. [PMID: 31803912 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous postmortem studies on neonates with neuropathological injury of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (PHI) showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression (dopamine synthesis enzyme) in substantia nigra (SN) neurons, with reduction of their cellular size. In order to investigate if the above observations represent an early stage of SN degeneration, we immunohistochemically studied the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (CCP3), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and DNA fragmentation by using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin 3'-end-labeling (TUNEL) technique in the SN of 22 autopsied neonates (corrected age ranging from 34 to 46.5 gestational weeks), in relation to the severity/duration of PHI injury, as estimated by neuropathological criteria. No CCP3-immunoreactive neurons and a limited number of apoptotic TUNEL-positive neurons with pyknotic characteristics were found in the SN. Nuclear AIF staining was revealed only in few SN neurons, indicating the presence of early signs of AIF-mediated degeneration. By contrast, motor neurons of the oculomotor nucleus showed higher cytoplasmic AIF expression and nuclear translocation, possibly attributed to the combined effect of developmental processes and increased oxidative stress induced by antemortem and postmortem factors. Our study indicates the activation of AIF, but not CCP3, in the SN and oculomotor nucleus of the human neonate in the developmentally critical perinatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna A Pagida
- 1st Department of Psychiatry (MPag, MC-P, MPan); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute (MPag, MC-P, MPan); and 1st Department of Pathology (AK, EP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Konstantinidou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry (MPag, MC-P, MPan); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute (MPag, MC-P, MPan); and 1st Department of Pathology (AK, EP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita A Chrysanthou-Piterou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry (MPag, MC-P, MPan); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute (MPag, MC-P, MPan); and 1st Department of Pathology (AK, EP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios S Patsouris
- 1st Department of Psychiatry (MPag, MC-P, MPan); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute (MPag, MC-P, MPan); and 1st Department of Pathology (AK, EP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry (MPag, MC-P, MPan); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute (MPag, MC-P, MPan); and 1st Department of Pathology (AK, EP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ochozková A, Mihalčíková L, Yamamotová A, Šlamberová R. ADHD symptoms induced by prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S347-S352. [PMID: 31928052 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is commonly used psychostimulant in the Czech Republic and is often abused by pregnant women. Methamphetamine may cause abnormalities in placenta and umbilical cord that results in hypoxia and malnutrition. ADHD is a mental disorder with a heterogeneous origin. The number of patients suffering from ADHD is growing. The pathophysiological mechanisms causing ADHD have not yet been clarified. There are very few rat models for ADHD and include genetic models, chemically induced models (ethanol, nicotine, PCBs, 6-hydroxydopamine lesion) or environmentally induced models (anoxia). The aim of the present study was to test prenatal methamphetamine exposure (5 mg/kg) as a potential novel animal model for ADHD. We found that adult male offspring prenatally exposed to methamphetamine presented hyperactivity while exploring novel environments. Together with cognition changes found in our previous studies, these might represent symptoms similar to those seen in ADHD. More experiments are planned to investigate our hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ochozková
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng Y, Tang Y, Yue Y, Li W, Qiu X, Hu P, Tang J, Wang H, Yang X, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative evidence for association of parental diabetes mellitus and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:129-139. [PMID: 31706957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between parental diabetes mellitus and the risk of ADHD in offspring. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2019. Thirteen observational studies containing 5,052,736 participants were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies using predefined standard procedures. Random-effects model were used. We found that maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.31-1.50) in adjusted analyses. Increased risks of ADHD in offspring were also observed among those with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D) (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27-1.52) and paternal T1D (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13-1.28) in adjusted analyses. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. Future studies should use robust designs to address whether the association with parental diabetes mellitus is causal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Ultrasonic Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mitochondrial-associated protein biomarkers in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
24
|
Miguel PM, Pereira LO, Barth B, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Pokhvisneva I, Nguyen TTT, Garg E, Razzolini BR, Koh DXP, Gallant H, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Prefrontal Cortex Dopamine Transporter Gene Network Moderates the Effect of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Conditions on Cognitive Flexibility and Brain Gray Matter Density in Children. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:621-630. [PMID: 31142432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and perinatal complications associated with poor oxygenation are risk factors for attentional problems in childhood and may show interactive effects. METHODS We created a novel expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the DAT1 gene network (ePRS-DAT1) in the prefrontal cortex and explored the effects of its interaction with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic-associated conditions on cognitive flexibility and brain gray matter density in healthy children from two birth cohorts-MAVAN from Canada (n = 139 boys and girls) and GUSTO from Singapore (n = 312 boys and girls). RESULTS A history of exposure to several perinatal hypoxic-ischemic-associated conditions was associated with impaired cognitive flexibility only in the high-ePRS group, suggesting that variation in the prefrontal cortex expression of genes involved in dopamine reuptake is associated with differences in this behavior. Interestingly, this result was observed in both ethnically distinct birth cohorts. Additionally, parallel independent component analysis (MAVAN cohort, n = 40 children) demonstrated relationships between single nucleotide polymorphism-based ePRS and gray matter density in areas involved in executive (cortical regions) and integrative (bilateral thalamus and putamen) functions, and these relationships differ in children from high and low exposure to hypoxic-ischemic-associated conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that the impact of conditions associated with hypoxia-ischemia on brain development and executive functions is moderated by genotypes associated with dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex. We discuss the potential impact of innovative genomic and environmental measures for the identification of children at high risk for impaired executive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Barbara Barth
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thao T T Nguyen
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elika Garg
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruna Regis Razzolini
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dawn Xin Ping Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Britto Sassi
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B C Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran John O'Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pettersson E, Larsson H, D’Onofrio B, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P. Association of Fetal Growth With General and Specific Mental Health Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:536-543. [PMID: 30725083 PMCID: PMC6495458 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is unclear if the associations between fetal growth and later mental health conditions remain after controlling for familial factors and psychiatric comorbidity. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between fetal growth and general and specific mental health conditions, controlling for familial factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This register-based study conducted in Sweden analyzed 546 894 pairs of full siblings born between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 1998. Sibling pairs were followed up through December 31, 2013. First, population-based and within-sibling pair associations (which controlled for time-invariant familial confounders) between fetal growth and the outcomes were estimated. Second, exploratory factor analysis was applied to the outcomes to derive 1 general factor and 4 specific and independent factors. Third, the general and specific factors were regressed on fetal growth. Statistical analysis was performed from March 27, 2017, to October 27, 2018. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES The outcomes were 11 psychiatric diagnoses (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, drug use, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder) and court convictions of violent crimes. Birth weight (in kilograms) statistically adjusted for gestational age was the exposure. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 1 093 788 participants was 27.2 (6.8) years (range, 15.1-40.9 years) and 51.5% were male. Nine outcomes were significantly associated with birth weight in the population at large: depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), anxiety (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95), posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93), bipolar disorder (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00), alcohol abuse (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87-0.91), drug use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.85), violent crimes (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83-0.86), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.90), and autism (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97). Only depression (OR, 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82-0.89), and autism (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.69-0.76) remained significantly associated within sibling pairs. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that 1 general and 4 specific factors (capturing anxiety, externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and psychotic conditions) fit the outcomes well. Across almost all sensitivity analyses, an increase in birth weight by 1 kg significantly reduced the general (β, -0.047; 95% CI, -0.071 to -0.023) and the specific neurodevelopmental factors (β, -0.159; 95% CI, -0.190 to -0.128) within sibling pairs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Controlling for familial confounders, reduced fetal growth was associated with a small but significant increase in the general factor of psychopathology and a moderate increase in a specific neurodevelopmental factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Brian D’Onofrio
- Department of Psychology, University of Indiana, Bloomington
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dachew BA, Scott JG, Mamun A, Alati R. Pre-eclampsia and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: Findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:392-397. [PMID: 30605798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with various environmental factors. This study examined the association between maternal pre-eclampsia and offspring ADHD at 7- and 10-years. The study cohort consisted of more than 7200 children who participated in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. ADHD was diagnosed using parent reported Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). Log-binomial regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used. The GEE analysis showed that pre-eclampsia was associated with increased risk of ADHD in offspring (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-5.38). Similarly, the results of multivariable log-binomial regression analysis at each time point showed that pre-eclampsia was associated with an almost threefold increase risk of offspring ADHD. This study suggests that offspring of mothers with pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of ADHD, although residual and unmeasured confounding by environmental and genetic factors warrants further study. If our findings are replicated by others, early screening for ADHD and other developmental delays may be recommended in offspring of women with pre-eclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - James G Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Preserved speed of processing and memory in infants with a history of moderate neonatal encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia. J Perinatol 2018; 38:1666-1673. [PMID: 30323324 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-018-0253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survivors of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) are at risk for impaired cognition. The objective of this study was to assess speed of processing (SOP) and memory in infants with moderate NE. STUDY DESIGN Sample consisted of 17 infants with NE and 23 healthy controls. Visual-evoked potentials (VEP) were assessed at 8 months to assess SOP. Memory was assessed at 12 months using elicited imitation (EI). Memory and SOP had previously been assessed in this cohort in the newborn period. RESULTS Infants with NE had similar SOP and EI performance as controls. Newborn SOP correlated with 8-month SOP in infants with NE, however, neonatal ERP memory measures were not correlated with EI performance at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Infants with moderate NE treated with TH show preserved memory and SOP through 12 months. Early behavioral and electrophysiologic assessments of memory and SOP provide insight into developing cognitive functions in this risk group.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ, Zhuravin IA. Role of Prenatal Hypoxia in Brain Development, Cognitive Functions, and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:825. [PMID: 30510498 PMCID: PMC6254649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of prenatal hypoxia in the development of brain functions in the postnatal period and subsequent increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests that prenatal hypoxia in critical periods of brain formation results in significant changes in development of cognitive functions at various stages of postnatal life which correlate with morphological changes in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Prenatal hypoxia also leads to a decrease in brain adaptive potential and plasticity due to the disturbance in the process of formation of new contacts between cells and propagation of neuronal stimuli, especially in the cortex and hippocampus. On the other hand, prenatal hypoxia has a significant impact on expression and processing of a variety of genes involved in normal brain function and their epigenetic regulation. This results in changes in the patterns of mRNA and protein expression and their post-translational modifications, including protein misfolding and clearance. Among proteins affected by prenatal hypoxia are a key enzyme of the cholinergic system-acetylcholinesterase, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), both of which have important roles in brain function. Disruption of their expression and metabolism caused by prenatal hypoxia can also result, apart from early cognitive dysfunctions, in development of neurodegeneration in later life. Another group of enzymes affected by prenatal hypoxia are peptidases involved in catabolism of neuropeptides, including amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The decrease in the activity of neprilysin and other amyloid-degrading enzymes observed after prenatal hypoxia could result over the years in an Aβ clearance deficit and accumulation of its toxic species which cause neuronal cell death and development of neurodegeneration. Applying various approaches to restore expression of neuronal genes disrupted by prenatal hypoxia during postnatal development opens an avenue for therapeutic compensation of cognitive dysfunctions and prevention of Aβ accumulation in the aging brain and the model of prenatal hypoxia in rodents can be used as a reliable tool for assessment of their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Nalivaeva
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Turner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Igor A. Zhuravin
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lim KX, Liu C, Schoeler T, Cecil CA, Barker ED, Viding E, Greven CU, Pingault J. The role of birth weight on the causal pathway to child and adolescent ADHD symptomatology: a population-based twin differences longitudinal design. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:1036-1043. [PMID: 29999186 PMCID: PMC6175300 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence points towards lower birth weight as a risk factor for the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We probed the causal nature of this putative effect of birth weight on ADHD symptoms using the twin differences design, which accounts for genetic and shared environmental confounds. METHOD In a large population-based twin sample - 3,499 monozygotic (MZ) and 6,698 dizygotic (DZ) pairs - parents, teachers or twins rated the twins' ADHD symptoms at nine assessment waves (2-16 years). We implemented the twin differences design, which completely accounts for shared environmental and genetic confounding in MZ twins. We tested whether: (a) the lighter-born twins had elevated ADHD symptoms compared to the heavier-born twins, by regressing within-pair differences of ADHD symptoms on within-pair differences of birth weight among MZ twins; (b) the effect of birth weight on ADHD was moderated by gender, gestational age and low birth weight; (c) this effect changed with age at ADHD assessment using adapted latent growth curve models; and (d) results differed for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. RESULTS Birth weight significantly predicted ADHD symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence. The lighter-born twin had more ADHD symptoms than the heavier-born cotwin among MZ twins across assessment waves and raters. No moderation effect was detected. The magnitude of the effect of birth weight decreased significantly across time for hyperactivity/impulsivity, but the decrease failed to reach significance for inattention. Estimates for inattention were significantly larger than for hyperactivity/impulsivity at each time point, implying stronger effect of birth weight on inattention symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide stringent evidence for environmental effect of lower birth weight on the causal pathway to elevated ADHD symptoms. Effect of birth weight persists across a 14-year period from childhood into late adolescence, in particular for inattention symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang Lim
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chao‐Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyDivision of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK,School of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyDivision of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte A.M. Cecil
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Edward D. Barker
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Essi Viding
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyDivision of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Corina U. Greven
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK,Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands,Karakter Child and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Pingault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK,Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyDivision of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Momany AM, Kamradt JM, Nikolas MA. A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Birth Weight and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:1409-1426. [PMID: 29159441 PMCID: PMC5962386 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large body of work has investigated the association between birth weight and ADHD and has resulted in mixed findings with regard to the direction and magnitude of this association. Despite the vast amount of research on this topic, a comprehensive and systematic quantification of the association between birth weight and ADHD has yet to be undertaken. A meta-analysis of 88 unique studies (N = 4,645,482) was conducted to quantify the overall effect size of birth weight on ADHD symptoms. Several variables were examined as moderators that may contribute to systematic variation in effect sizes. Overall, birth weight was found to have a small, but significant, association with ADHD symptoms such that individuals born at lower birth weights manifested greater symptoms of ADHD (r = -0.15). Sample type, mean birth weight of the sample, geographic region, the informant of ADHD symptoms, ADHD symptom measurement method, and race were all found to contribute significantly to heterogeneity in effect sizes. Notably, several early life risk factors previously found to be associated with both ADHD and birth weight, gestational age and prenatal smoking exposure, were not found to contribute to heterogeneity in effect sizes. The findings of the current analyses align with the growing recognition that early life adversity contributes to neurodevelopmental difficulties, and the findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between early life risk factors and adverse neurodevelopmental sequela, such as that observed in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Momany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Kamradt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Molly A Nikolas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng J, Chen YH. [Research advances in pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:775-780. [PMID: 30210033 PMCID: PMC7389180 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Both of genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and genetic factors can increase the susceptibility of individuals to environmental risk factors. There are extensive and various structural and functional abnormalities of the brain in patients with ADHD. Given the close functional relationship between brain areas, exploration has also been expanded to the dysfunction of brain network in recent years. As for the biochemical mechanism underlying ADHD, monoamine neurotransmitters are still most valued, and abnormalities of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glutamic acid/γ-aminobutyric acid imbalance may also be present. Due to the abnormal neuroendocrine function and connectivity between brain areas caused by the synergistic effect of genetic and environmental factors, the prefrontal cortex loses control of the lower brain areas, so that the basal ganglia and amygdala affect normal behavioral and emotional reactions. Dysfunction of the endocrine axes may further aggravate neuroendocrine disorder. The above process may eventually lead to changes in brain structure and function, which may be associated with the development of ADHD. However, considering the heterogeneity of ADHD, its pathological process may not be the same, and the exact mechanism needs to be further clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Perinatal insults and neurodevelopmental disorders may impact Huntington's disease age of diagnosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 55:55-60. [PMID: 29804730 PMCID: PMC6226577 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The age of diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD) varies among individuals with the same HTT CAG-repeat expansion size. We investigated whether early-life events, like perinatal insults or neurodevelopmental disorders, influence the diagnosis age. METHODS We used data from 13,856 participants from REGISTRY and Enroll-HD, two large international multicenter observational studies. Disease-free survival analyses of mutation carriers with an HTT CAG repeat expansion size above and including 36 were computed through Kaplan-Meier estimates of median time until an HD diagnosis. Comparisons between groups were computed using a Cox proportional hazard survival model adjusted for CAG-repeat expansion length. We also assessed whether the group effect depended on gender and the affected parent. RESULTS Insults in the perinatal period were associated with an earlier median age of diagnosis of 45.00 years (95%CI: 42.07-47.92) compared to 51.00 years (95%CI: 50.68-51.31) in the reference group, with a CAG-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.61 (95%CI: 1.26-2.06). Neurodevelopmental disorders were also associated with an earlier median age of diagnosis than the reference group of 47.00 years (95% CI: 43.38-50.62) with a CAG-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.42 (95%CI: 1.16-1.75). These associations did not change significantly with gender or affected parent. CONCLUSIONS These results, derived from large observational datasets, show that perinatal insults and neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with earlier ages of diagnosis of magnitudes similar to the effects of known genetic modifiers of HD. Given their clear temporal separation, these early events may be causative of earlier HD onset, but further research is needed to prove causation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Marceau K, Cinnamon Bidwell L, Karoly HC, Evans AS, Todorov AA, Palmer RH, Heath AC, Knopik VS. Within-Family Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy on ADHD: the Importance of Phenotype. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:685-699. [PMID: 28664227 PMCID: PMC5748020 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We sought to test within- and between- family associations of smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using a structured interview based on the conventional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) symptoms and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal-Behavior (SWAN) scale, which is a population based measure that grew out of the notion that an ADHD diagnosis exists on the extreme end of a continuum of normative behaviors and includes both above- and below- average performance on attention and activity. We used a sibling-comparison approach in a sample of 173 families including siblings aged 7-16 years (52% male) drawn from the state of Missouri, USA, wherein mothers smoked during one pregnancy but not the other. There was a within-family effect of smoking during pregnancy on SWAN hyperactivity/impulsivity and SWAN total ADHD behaviors. The associations between SDP and DSM-IV-based ADHD symptom dimensions as well as SWAN inattention were explained by familial confounds. These findings suggest that SDP exerts a potentially causal effect on increased ADHD hyperactive/impulsive behaviors and that this SDP effect is best captured when hyperactivity/impulsivity is assessed more normatively across the population, rather than specifically assessing problematic behaviors via DSM symptoms. Thus, any potentially causal effect of SDP on ADHD symptom dimensions may be restricted to hyperactive/impulsive behaviors rather than inattention, and normative, non-DSM-IV based behavioral measures may provide a more sensitive test of mechanisms of SDP-ADHD symptom associations, particularly in non-clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 225 Hanley Hall, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Hollis C Karoly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Allison Schettini Evans
- Memorial Hospital, Pawtucket, RI, 02860, USA
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexandre A Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rohan H Palmer
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 225 Hanley Hall, 1202 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abbott PW, Gumusoglu SB, Bittle J, Beversdorf DQ, Stevens HE. Prenatal stress and genetic risk: How prenatal stress interacts with genetics to alter risk for psychiatric illness. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:9-21. [PMID: 29407514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk for neuropsychiatric disorders is complex and includes an individual's internal genetic endowment and their environmental experiences and exposures. Embryonic development captures a particularly complex period, in which genetic and environmental factors can interact to contribute to risk. These environmental factors are incorporated differently into the embryonic brain than postnatal one. Here, we comprehensively review the human and animal model literature for studies that assess the interaction between genetic risks and one particular environmental exposure with strong and complex associations with neuropsychiatric outcomes-prenatal maternal stress. Gene-environment interaction has been demonstrated for stress occurring during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Additional work demonstrates that prenatal stress risk may be similarly complex. Animal model studies have begun to address some underlying mechanisms, including particular maternal or fetal genetic susceptibilities that interact with stress exposure and those that do not. More specifically, the genetic underpinnings of serotonin and dopamine signaling and stress physiology mechanisms have been shown to be particularly relevant to social, attentional, and internalizing behavioral changes, while other genetic factors have not, including some growth factor and hormone-related genes. Interactions have reflected both the diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility models. Maternal genetic factors have received less attention than those in offspring, but strongly modulate impacts of prenatal stress. Priorities for future research are investigating maternal response to distinct forms of stress and developing whole-genome methods to examine the contributions of genetic variants of both mothers and offspring, particularly including genes involved in neurodevelopment. This is a burgeoning field of research that will ultimately contribute not only to a broad understanding of psychiatric pathophysiology but also to efforts for personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker W Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Serena B Gumusoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jada Bittle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - David Q Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Interdisciplinary Intercampus Research Program, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment Disorders, Departments of Radiology, Neurology and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Knopik VS, Marceau K, Bidwell LC, Rolan E. Prenatal substance exposure and offspring development: Does DNA methylation play a role? Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 71:50-63. [PMID: 29408446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse conditions and exposures may influence the growth and development of the fetus as well as its future postnatal health and behavior. Maternal substance use during pregnancy remains a relatively common but nonetheless hazardous in utero exposure. For example, previous epidemiological studies have associated prenatal substance exposure with reduced birth weight, poor developmental and psychological outcomes, and increased risk for diseases and behavioral disorders (e.g., externalizing behaviors like ADHD, conduct disorder, and substance use) later in life. Researchers are now learning that many of the mechanisms whereby adverse in utero exposures may affect key pathways crucial for proper fetal growth and development are epigenetic in nature, with the majority of work in humans considering DNA methylation specifically. This review will explore the research to date on epigenetic alterations tied to maternal substance use during pregnancy and will also discuss the possible role of DNA methylation in the robust relationship between maternal substance use and later behavioral and developmental sequelae in offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emily Rolan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Noto A, Pomero G, Mussap M, Barberini L, Fattuoni C, Palmas F, Dalmazzo C, Delogu A, Dessì A, Fanos V, Gancia P. Urinary gas chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics in asphyxiated newborns undergoing hypothermia: from the birth to the first month of life. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:417. [PMID: 27942508 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal asphyxia is a severe clinical condition affecting around four million newborns worldwide. It consists of an impaired gas exchange leading to three biochemical components: hypoxemia, hypercapnia and metabolic acidosis. METHODS The aim of this longitudinal experimental study was to identify the urine metabolome of newborns with perinatal asphyxia and to follow changes in urine metabolic profile over time. Twelve babies with perinatal asphyxia were included in this study; three babies died on the eighth day of life. Total-body cooling for 72 hours was carried out in all the newborns. Urine samples were collected in each baby at birth, after 48 hours during hypothermia, after the end of the therapeutic treatment (72 hours), after 1 week of life, and finally after 1 month of life. Urine metabolome at birth was considered the reference against which to compare metabolic profiles in subsequent samples. Quantitative metabolic profiling in urine samples was measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The statistical approach was conducted by using the multivariate analysis by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Pathway analysis was also performed. RESULTS The most important metabolites depicting each time collection point were identified and compared each other. At birth before starting therapeutic hypothermia (TH), urine metabolic profiles of the three babies died after 7 days of life were closely comparable each other and significantly different from those in survivors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a plethora of data have been extracted by comparing the urine metabolome at birth with those observed at each time point collection. The modifications over time in metabolites composition and concentration, mainly originated from the depletion of cellular energy and homeostasis, seems to constitute a fingerprint of perinatal asphyxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Noto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Pomero
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Neonatology, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University-Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Barberini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Fattuoni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Dalmazzo
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Neonatology, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Antonio Delogu
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Neonatology, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Gancia
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Neonatology, ASO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Knopik VS, Marceau K, Palmer RHC, Smith TF, Heath AC. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Birth Weight: A Genetically-Informed Approach Comparing Multiple Raters. Behav Genet 2016; 46:353-64. [PMID: 26494459 PMCID: PMC4841737 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is a significant public health concern with adverse consequences to the health and well-being of the fetus. There is considerable debate about the best method of assessing SDP, including birth/medical records, timeline follow-back approaches, multiple reporters, and biological verification (e.g., cotinine). This is particularly salient for genetically-informed approaches where it is not always possible or practical to do a prospective study starting during the prenatal period when concurrent biological specimen samples can be collected with ease. In a sample of families (N = 173) specifically selected for sibling pairs discordant for prenatal smoking exposure, we: (1) compare rates of agreement across different types of report-maternal report of SDP, paternal report of maternal SDP, and SDP contained on birth records from the Department of Vital Statistics; (2) examine whether SDP is predictive of birth weight outcomes using our best SDP report as identified via step (1); and (3) use a sibling-comparison approach that controls for genetic and familial influences that siblings share in order to assess the effects of SDP on birth weight. Results show high agreement between reporters and support the utility of retrospective report of SDP. Further, we replicate a causal association between SDP and birth weight, wherein SDP results in reduced birth weight even when accounting for genetic and familial confounding factors via a sibling comparison approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Suite 204, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Suite 204, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Suite 204, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Taylor F Smith
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West Suite 204, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Knopik VS, Neiderhiser JM, de Geus E, Boomsma D. The Importance of the Prenatal Environment in Behavioral Genetics: Introduction to Special Issue. Behav Genet 2016; 46:281-5. [PMID: 27085879 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We introduce and discuss a special issue on prenatal factors in genetics research, that includes 14 papers ranging from studies on chorionicity, smoking during pregnancy, and more general prenatal risks to papers about theory, methods and measurement. There are two review papers, one focused on chorioncity and the second on pre- and perinatal ischemia-hypoxia, that help to frame the state of research in these areas with a focus on the relevance across multiple fields of study. Taken together, these papers clearly demonstrate the importance of considering prenatal environment influences on functioning in offspring across the lifespan while also underscoring the importance of using genetically informed designs as a means to clarify causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Dorret Boomsma
- VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Estimating the Roles of Genetic Risk, Perinatal Risk, and Marital Hostility on Early Childhood Adjustment: Medical Records and Self-Reports. Behav Genet 2016; 46:334-52. [PMID: 27075497 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of perinatal risk factors have been linked to later developmental outcomes in children. Much of this work has relied on either birth/medical records or mothers' self-reports collected after delivery, and there has been an ongoing debate about which strategy provides the most accurate and reliable data. This report uses a parent-offspring adoption design (N = 561 families) to (1) examine the correspondence between medical record data and self-report data, (2) examine how perinatal risk factors may influence child internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 4.5 years, and (3) explore interactions among genetic, perinatal risk, and rearing environment on child internalizing and externalizing behavior during early childhood. The agreement of self-reports and medical records data was relatively high (51-100 %), although there was some variation based on the construct. There were few main effects of perinatal risk on child outcomes; however, there were several 2- and 3-way interactions suggesting that the combined influences of genetic, perinatal, and rearing environmental risks are important, particularly for predicting whether children exhibit internalizing versus externalizing symptoms at age 4.5 years.
Collapse
|
41
|
Knopik VS, Heath AC, Marceau K, Palmer RHC, McGeary JE, Todorov A, Evans AS. Missouri Mothers and Their Children: A Family Study of the Effects of Genetics and the Prenatal Environment. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:485-96. [PMID: 26220592 PMCID: PMC4631647 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Missouri Mothers and Their Children Study (MO-MATCH) was specifically designed to critically investigate prenatal environmental influences on child attention problems and associated learning and cognitive deficits. The project began as a pilot study in 2004 and was formally launched in 2008. Participants in the study were initially identified via the Department of Vital Statistics birth record (BR) database. Interview and lab-based data were obtained from: (1) mothers of Missouri-born children (born 1998-2005), who smoked during one pregnancy but not during another pregnancy; (2) biological fathers when available; and (3) the children (i.e., full sibling pairs discordant for exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP). This within-mother, between-pregnancy contrast provides the best possible methodological control for many stable maternal and familial confounding factors (e.g., heritable and socio-demographic characteristics of the mother that predict increased probability of SDP). It also controls for differences between mothers who do and do not smoke during pregnancy, and their partners, that might otherwise artifactually create, or alternatively mask, associations between SDP and child outcomes. Such a design will therefore provide opportunities to determine less biased effect sizes while also allowing us to investigate (on a preliminary basis) the possible contribution of paternal or other second-hand smoke exposure during the pre, peri, and postnatal periods to offspring outcome. This protocol has developed a cohort that can be followed longitudinally through periods typically associated with increased externalizing symptoms and substance used initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics,Rhode Island Hospital;Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Brown University,Providence,Rhode Island,USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center,Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,Missouri,USA
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies,Brown University,Providence,Rhode Island,USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Division of Behavioral Genetics,Rhode Island Hospital;Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Brown University,Providence,Rhode Island,USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Providence,Rhode Island,USA
| | - Alexandre Todorov
- Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,Missouri,USA
| | | |
Collapse
|