1
|
Kumari P, Yadav S, Sarkar S, Satheeshkumar PK. Cleavage of cell junction proteins as a host invasion strategy in leptospirosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:119. [PMID: 38204132 PMCID: PMC10781872 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Infection and invasion are the prerequisites for developing the disease symptoms in a host. While the probable mechanism of host invasion and pathogenesis is known in many pathogens, very little information is available on Leptospira invasion/pathogenesis. For causing systemic infection Leptospira must transmigrate across epithelial barriers, which is the most critical and challenging step. Extracellular and membrane-bound proteases play a crucial role in the invasion process. An extensive search for the proteins experimentally proven to be involved in the invasion process through cell junction cleavage in other pathogens has resulted in identifying 26 proteins. The similarity searches on the Leptospira genome for counterparts of these 26 pathogenesis-related proteins identified at least 12 probable coding sequences. The proteins were either extracellular or membrane-bound with a proteolytic domain to cleave the cell junction proteins. This review will emphasize our current understanding of the pathogenic aspects of host cell junction-pathogenic protein interactions involved in the invasion process. Further, potential candidate proteins with cell junction cleavage properties that may be exploited in the diagnostic/therapeutic aspects of leptospirosis will also be discussed. KEY POINTS: • The review focussed on the cell junction cleavage proteins in bacterial pathogenesis • Cell junction disruptors from Leptospira genome are identified using bioinformatics • The review provides insights into the therapeutic/diagnostic interventions possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Suhani Yadav
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sresha Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Padikara K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan Y, Cho AN. Human Brain In Vitro Model for Pathogen Infection-Related Neurodegeneration Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6522. [PMID: 38928228 PMCID: PMC11204318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in stem cell biology and tissue engineering have revolutionized the field of neurodegeneration research by enabling the development of sophisticated in vitro human brain models. These models, including 2D monolayer cultures, 3D organoids, organ-on-chips, and bioengineered 3D tissue models, aim to recapitulate the cellular diversity, structural organization, and functional properties of the native human brain. This review highlights how these in vitro brain models have been used to investigate the effects of various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites infection, particularly in the human brain cand their subsequent impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of different 2D brain cell types to infection, elucidated the mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced neuroinflammation, and identified potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, current methodological improvement brought the technology of 3D models to overcome the challenges of 2D cells, such as the limited cellular diversity, incomplete microenvironment, and lack of morphological structures by highlighting the need for further technological advancements. This review underscored the significance of in vitro human brain cell from 2D monolayer to bioengineered 3D tissue model for elucidating the intricate dynamics for pathogen infection modeling. These in vitro human brain cell enabled researchers to unravel human specific mechanisms underlying various pathogen infections such as SARS-CoV-2 to alter blood-brain-barrier function and Toxoplasma gondii impacting neural cell morphology and its function. Ultimately, these in vitro human brain models hold promise as personalized platforms for development of drug compound, gene therapy, and vaccine. Overall, we discussed the recent progress in in vitro human brain models, their applications in studying pathogen infection-related neurodegeneration, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia;
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia;
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schlunck G, Maier P, Maier B, Maier W, Strempel S, Reinhard T, Heinzelmann S. Next-Generation Sequencing of the Human Aqueous Humour Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6128. [PMID: 38892316 PMCID: PMC11173048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the ocular surface has been characterised, but only limited information is available on a possible silent intraocular microbial colonisation in normal eyes. Therefore, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rDNA genes in the aqueous humour. The aqueous humour was sampled from three patients during cataract surgery. Air swabs, conjunctival swabs from patients as well as from healthy donors served as controls. Following DNA extraction, the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rDNA gene were amplified and sequenced followed by denoising. The resulting Amplicon Sequence Variants were matched to a subset of the Ribosomal Database Project 16S database. The deduced bacterial community was then statistically analysed. The DNA content in all samples was low (0-1.49 ng/µL) but sufficient for analysis. The main phyla in the samples were Acinetobacteria (48%), Proteobacteria (26%), Firmicutes (14%), Acidobacteria (8%), and Bacteroidetes (2%). Patients' conjunctival control samples and anterior chamber fluid showed similar patterns of bacterial species containing many waterborne species. Non-disinfected samples showed a different bacterial spectrum than the air swab samples. The data confirm the existence of an ocular surface microbiome. Meanwhile, a distinct intraocular microbiome was not discernible from the background, suggesting the absence of an intraocular microbiome in normal eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (G.S.); (P.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Philip Maier
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (G.S.); (P.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Barbara Maier
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
| | | | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (G.S.); (P.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Sonja Heinzelmann
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (G.S.); (P.M.); (T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Láng L, McArthur S, Lazar AS, Pourtau L, Gaudout D, Pontifex MG, Müller M, Vauzour D. Dietary (Poly)phenols and the Gut-Brain Axis in Ageing. Nutrients 2024; 16:1500. [PMID: 38794738 PMCID: PMC11124177 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is rapidly increasing, and novel approaches to mitigate this soaring prevalence are sorely needed. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of gut microbial homeostasis and its impact on brain functions, commonly referred to as the gut-brain axis, in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which this system acts remains poorly defined. In this review, we will explore how (poly)phenols, a class of natural compounds found in many plant-based foods and beverages, can modulate the gut-brain axis, and thereby promote neural health. While evidence indicates a beneficial role of (poly)phenol consumption as part of a balanced diet, human studies are scarce and mechanistic insight is still lacking. In this regard, we make the case that dietary (poly)phenols should be further explored to establish their therapeutic efficacy on brain health through modulation of the gut-brain axis, with much greater emphasis on carefully designed human interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Láng
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (L.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Simon McArthur
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Blizard Institute, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Alpar S. Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Queen’s Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.S.L.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Line Pourtau
- Activ’Inside, 33750 Beychac et Caillau, France; (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - David Gaudout
- Activ’Inside, 33750 Beychac et Caillau, France; (L.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Matthew G. Pontifex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Queen’s Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (A.S.L.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (L.L.); (M.M.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (L.L.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma J, Wu H, Ma Z, Wu Z. Bacterial and host factors involved in zoonotic Streptococcal meningitis. Microbes Infect 2024:105335. [PMID: 38582147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Zoonotic streptococci cause several invasive diseases with high mortality rates, especially meningitis. Numerous studies elucidated the meningitis pathogenesis of zoonotic streptococci, some specific to certain bacterial species. In contrast, others are shared among different bacterial species, involving colonization and invasion of mucosal barriers, survival in the bloodstream, breaching the blood-brain and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to access the central nervous system, and triggering inflammation of the meninges. This review focuses on the recent advancements in comprehending the molecular and cellular events of five major zoonotic streptococci responsible for causing meningitis in humans or animals, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus iniae. The underlying mechanism was summarized into four themes, including 1) bacterial survival in blood, 2) brain microvascular endothelial cell adhesion and invasion, 3) penetration of the blood-brain barrier, and 4) activation of the immune system and inflammatory reaction within the brain. This review may contribute to developing therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury of streptococcal meningitis and improve risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-breeding and Pig-disease Prevention, Guangzhou 511400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Zhang X, Xiong S, Huang S, Ding X, Xu M, Yao J, Liu S, Zhao F. Endothelial dysfunction of syphilis: Pathogenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38376088 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Treponema pallidum is the causative factor of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) characterized by perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, vascular leakage, swelling and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). The endothelium lining blood and lymphatic vessels is a key barrier separating body fluids from host tissues and is a major target of T. pallidum. In this review, we focus on how T. pallidum establish intimate interactions with ECs, triggering endothelial dysfunction such as endothelial inflammation, abnormal repairment and damage of ECs. In addition, we summarize that migration and invasion of T. pallidum across vascular ECs may occur through two pathways. These two mechanisms of transendothelial migration are paracellular and cholesterol-dependent, respectively. Herein, clarifying the relationship between T. pallidum and endothelial dysfunction is of great significance to provide novel strategies for diagnosis and prevention of syphilis, and has a great potential prospect of clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shun Xiong
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Man Xu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangchen Yao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feijun Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Londoño AF, Farner JM, Dillon M, Grab DJ, Kim Y, Scorpio DG, Dumler JS. Benidipine impairs innate immunity converting sublethal to lethal infections in a murine model of spotted fever rickettsiosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011993. [PMID: 38408129 PMCID: PMC10919851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spotted fever group rickettsiae are tick-borne obligate intracellular bacteria that infect microvascular endothelial cells. Humans and mammalian infection results in endothelial cell barrier dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. We previously demonstrated that treatment of Rickettsia parkeri-infected cells with the calcium channel blocker benidipine significantly delayed vascular barrier permeability. Thus, we hypothesized that benidipine, known to be safe and effective for other clinical processes, could reduce rickettsia-induced vascular permeability in vivo in an animal model of spotted fever rickettsiosis. Based on liver, lung and brain vascular FITC-dextran extravasation studies, benidipine did not reliably impact vascular permeability. However, it precipitated a deleterious effect on responses to control sublethal R. parkeri infection. Animals treated with benidipine alone had no clinical signs or changes in histopathology and splenic immune cell distributions. Benidipine-treated infected animals had marked increases in tissue and blood bacterial loads, more extensive inflammatory histopathologic injury, and changes in splenic architecture and immune cell distributions potentially reflecting diminished Ca2+ signaling, reduced innate immune cell activation, and loss of rickettsial propagation control. Impaired T cell activation by R. parkeri antigen in the presence of benidipine was confirmed in vitro with the use of NKT cell hybridomas. The unexpected findings stand in stark contrast to recent discussions of the benefits of calcium channel blockers for viral infections and chronic infectious or inflammatory diseases. A role for calcium channel blockers in exacerbation of human rickettsiosis and acute inflammatory infections should be evaluated by a retrospective review of patient's outcomes and medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Londoño
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M Farner
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Emerging Infectious Disease Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis J Grab
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuri Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J Stephen Dumler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu T, Jiang H, Li F, Jiang X, Wang J, Wei S, Sun Y, Tian Y, Chu H, Shi Y, Zhang N, Li N, Lei L. O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase deficient Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain SC19 becomes an avirulent strain and provides immune protection against homotype infection in mice. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109943. [PMID: 38113574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in microbial methionine biosynthesis, which catalyzes the conversion of o-acetyl-homoserine (OAH) to homocysteine. In our previous study, we found that OAHS of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can interact with the porcine blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, but whether OAHS regulates the penetration of BBB during SS2 infection is still unclear. To explore the role of OAHS in SS2 infection, OAHS-deficient SS2 mutant strain (SC19-ΔOAHS) and gene complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS) were constructed. Compared to the parent strain, with the loss of oahs, the chain length of SC19-ΔOAHS was shortened, the virulence was significantly reduced, the survival rate of mice infected with SC19-ΔOAHS was obviously increased accompanied by the relieved clinical symptoms. And the survival ability of SC19-ΔOAHS in whole blood was also remarkably decreased. Interestingly, the adhesion of SC19-ΔOAHS to endothelial cells was markedly increased, but the deficiency of OAHS significantly inhibited the strain penetrating BBB both in vivo and in vitro. Most of these phenomena can be reversed by the complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS). Further study showed that the deficiency of OAHS severely reduced SC19-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, tight junctions (TJs) protein impairment and the expression of SS2 virulence factor Enolase (Eno), involved in the destruction of BBB. Additionally, SC19-ΔOAHS immunized mice were able to resist SC19 or JZLQ022 infection. In conclusion, we confirmed that OAHS promoted the pathogenicity by enhancing host's BBB permeability and immune escape, and SC19- ΔOAHS is a potential live vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hong Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Probiotics and microbial metabolites maintain barrier and neuromuscular functions and clean protein aggregation to delay disease progression in TDP43 mutation mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2363880. [PMID: 38860943 PMCID: PMC11174066 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2363880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease. The ALS mice expressing human mutant of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (hmTDP43) showed intestinal dysfunction before neuromuscular symptoms. We hypothesize that restoring the intestinal and microbial homeostasis with a bacterial metabolite or probiotics delays the ALS disease onset. We investigate the pathophysiological changes in the intestine and neurons, intestinal and blood-brain barriers, and inflammation during the ALS progression. We then cultured enteric glial cells (EGCs) isolated from TDP43 mice for mechanistic studies. TDP43 mice had significantly decreased intestinal mobility, increased permeability, and weakened muscle, compared with the age-matched wild-type mice. We observed increased hmTDP43 and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-5) in the colon, spinal cord, and brain in TDP43 mice. TDP43 mice had reduced Butyryl-coenzyme A CoA transferase, decreased butyrate-producing bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and increased Bacteroides fragilis, compared to the WT mice. Serum inflammation cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ) and LPS were elevated in TDP43 mice. EGCs from TDP43 mice showed aggregation of hmTDP43 associated with increased GFAP and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (IBA1, a microglia marker). TDP43 mice treated with butyrate or probiotic VSL#3 had significantly increased rotarod time, increased intestinal mobility and decreased permeability, compared to the untreated group. Butyrate or probiotics treatment decreased the expression of GFAP, TDP43, and increased α-SMA, ZO-1, and Claudin-5 in the colon, spinal cord, and brain. Also, butyrate or probiotics treatment enhanced the Butyryl-coenzyme A CoA transferase, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and reduced inflammatory cytokines in TDP43 mice. The TDP43 EGCs treated with butyrate or probiotics showed reduced GFAP, IBA1, and TDP43 aggregation. Restoring the intestinal and microbial homeostasis by beneficial bacteria and metabolites provide a potential therapeutic strategy to treat ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulkarni A, Jozefiaková J, Bhide K, Mochnaćová E, Bhide M. Differential transcriptome response of blood brain barrier spheroids to neuroinvasive Neisseria and Borrelia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1326578. [PMID: 38179419 PMCID: PMC10766361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1326578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly regulated interface between the blood and the brain, prevents blood-borne substances and pathogens from entering the CNS. Nevertheless, pathogens like Neisseria meningitidis and Borrelia bavariensis can breach the BBB and infect the brain parenchyma. The self-assembling BBB-spheroids can simulate the cross talk occurring between the cells of the barrier and neuroinvasive pathogens. Methods BBB spheroids were generated by co-culturing human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs), pericytes and astrocytes. The BBB attributes of spheroids were confirmed by mapping the localization of cells, observing permeability of angiopep2 and non-permeability of dextran. Fluorescent Neisseria, Borrelia or E. coli (non-neuroinvasive) were incubated with spheroids to observe the adherence, invasion and spheroid integrity. Transcriptome analysis with NGS was employed to investigate the response of BBB cells to infections. Results hBMECs were localized throughout the spheroids, whereas pericytes and astrocytes were concentrated around the core. Within 1 hr of exposure, Neisseria and Borrelia adhered to spheroids, and their microcolonization increased from 5 to 24 hrs. Integrity of spheroids was compromised by both Neisseria and Borrelia, but not by E. coli infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant change in the expression of 781 genes (467 up and 314 down regulated) in spheroids infected with Neisseria, while Borrelia altered the expression of 621 genes (225 up and 396 down regulated). The differentially expressed genes could be clustered into various biological pathways like cell adhesion, extracellular matrix related, metallothionines, members of TGF beta, WNT signaling, and immune response. Among the differentially expressed genes, 455 (48%) genes were inversely expressed during Neisseria and Borrelia infection. Conclusion The self-assembling spheroids were used to perceive the BBB response to neuroinvasive pathogens - Neisseria and Borrelia. Compromised integrity of spheroids during Neisseria and Borrelia infection as opposed to its intactness and non-adherence of E. coli (non-neuroinvasive) denotes the pathogen dependent fate of BBB. Genes categorized into various biological functions indicated weakened barrier properties of BBB and heightened innate immune response. Inverse expression of 48% genes commonly identified during Neisseria and Borrelia infection exemplifies unique response of BBB to varying neuropathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jozefiaková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Evelína Mochnaćová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Du W, Hu X, Yu X, Guo C, Jin X, Wang W. Targeting the blood-brain barrier to delay aging-accompanied neurological diseases by modulating gut microbiota, circadian rhythms, and their interplays. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4667-4687. [PMID: 38045038 PMCID: PMC10692395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment plays a crucial role in the pathological processes of aging-accompanied neurological diseases (AAND). Meanwhile, circadian rhythms disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with increased morbidity of neurological diseases in the accelerated aging population. Importantly, circadian rhythms disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis are also known to induce the generation of toxic metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in disruption of BBB integrity. Collectively, this provides a new perspective for exploring the relationship among circadian rhythms, gut microbes, and the BBB in aging-accompanied neurological diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the interplay between circadian rhythm disturbances and gut microbiota dysbiosis, and their potential roles in the BBB disruption that occurs in AAND. Based on existing literature, we discuss and propose potential mechanisms underlying BBB damage induced by dysregulated circadian rhythms and gut microbiota, which would serve as the basis for developing potential interventions to protect the BBB in the aging population through targeting the BBB by exploiting its links with gut microbiota and circadian rhythms for treating AAND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Bengbu Medical College (Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jiaxing City), Jiaxing 233030, China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou X, Kumar P, Bhuyan DJ, Jensen SO, Roberts TL, Münch GW. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of Nose-Picking in Pathogen Entry via the Olfactory System? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1568. [PMID: 38002250 PMCID: PMC10669446 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment. Many possible factors might contribute to the development of AD, including amyloid peptide and tau deposition, but more recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may also play an-at least partial-role in its pathogenesis. In recent years, emerging research has explored the possible involvement of external, invading pathogens in starting or accelerating the neuroinflammatory processes in AD. In this narrative review, we advance the hypothesis that neuroinflammation in AD might be partially caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens entering the brain through the nose and the olfactory system. The olfactory system represents a plausible route for pathogen entry, given its direct anatomical connection to the brain and its involvement in the early stages of AD. We discuss the potential mechanisms through which pathogens may exploit the olfactory pathway to initiate neuroinflammation, one of them being accidental exposure of the olfactory mucosa to hands contaminated with soil and feces when picking one's nose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Paayal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Deep J. Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Slade O. Jensen
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.O.J.); (T.L.R.)
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Tara L. Roberts
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (S.O.J.); (T.L.R.)
- Oncology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Gerald W. Münch
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (X.Z.); (D.J.B.)
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shangguan L, Xue L, Shang J, Wang H. The application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in community-acquired purulent meningitis after antibiotic intervention. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:683. [PMID: 37828452 PMCID: PMC10571418 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria account for nearly one third of the causes of community-acquired central nervous system infections, and traditional diagnostic methods are based on culture results, which are time-consuming and have a low detection rate leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Since metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the advantages of high timeliness and only detecting microbial trace gene fragments, it has been used more widely in recent years. Based on this, we explored whether the application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mNGS is advantageous in patients with community-acquired purulent meningitis, especially in people who have already used antibiotics. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 63 patients with community-acquired purulent meningitis admitted to the Department of Neurology of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from March 2018 to November 2022. Data were systematically collected and classified into CSF culture group, blood culture group and CSF mNGS group according to different detection methods, and the total detection rate of each method was calculated. Each group of patients was divided into two subgroups according to whether antibiotics were used before sampling. The detection rates of the three groups were compared within and between groups to explore whether mNGS has advantages over traditional methods and the influence of antibiotic use on detection rates of the three methods. RESULTS Among the 63 patients, the cases of CSF culture, blood culture and CSF mNGS were 56, 46, 44, respectively. The total detection rates of the three methods were 17.86%, 36.96%, 81.82%, with statistical differences (p < 0.05),suggesting that the detection rate of mNGS was higher than CSF culture (p < 0.05) and blood culture (p < 0.05),and the detection rate of blood culture higher than CSF culture (p < 0.05). Further grouping found that without antibiotics, the detection rates of CSF culture, blood culture and CSF mNGS were 28.57%, 56.25% and 88.89%, with statistical differences (p < 0.05), and the detection rate of CSF mNGS was higher than that of CSF culture (p < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between CSF and blood culture (p > 0.05), nor between blood culture and CSF mNGS (p > 0.05). The detection rates of the three groups with antibiotics were 14.29%, 26.67% and 80.00%, with statistical differences (p < 0.05), and the detection rate of CSF mNGS was still higher than CSF culture (p < 0.05) and blood culture (p < 0.05). However, the detection rate of CSF mNGS also decreased after antibiotics were used for more than 3 days. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of CSF mNGS in patients with purulent meningitis is higher than traditional methods, especially in patients who have been given antibiotics, but the detection rate will decrease with the extension of antibiotic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lanping Xue
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalchev Y, Argirova P, Boev I, Yaneva A, Vatev N, Stoycheva M, Murdjeva M. Cytokine profile in patients with acute bacterial meningitis. Cytokine 2023; 170:156315. [PMID: 37544134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease with high mortality and common long-term sequelae. The inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space, modulated by different cytokines, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of acute central nervous system infections. We aimed to examine correlations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12(p40), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels with disease severity, complications, and outcome in patients with acute bacterial meningitis. METHODS The study involved 30 patients with bacterial meningitis/meningoencephalitis admitted to the University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv over a period of 4 years. Patients were selected based on clinical presentation and laboratory abnormalities, consistent with a neuroinfection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the studied cytokines in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in parallel. For microbiological diagnosis multiplex, polymerase chain reaction, and CSF culture were used. RESULTS In patients with acute bacterial meningitis CSF levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α are significantly increased than in serum. CSF TNF-α, CSF IL-8, and CSF IL-10 had a moderate negative correlation to CSF glucose. It was found that serum IL-8 is significantly elevated in patients who experienced neurological complications, have severe clinical course, and in deceased patients. CSF IL-10 is increased only in patients with severe acute bacterial meningitis. CONCLUSION Among patients with acute bacterial meningitis serum IL-8 could delineate these with increased risk of neurological complications, severe clinical course, and fatal outcome. Serum IL-8 and CSF IL-10 could be used as indicators of disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kalchev
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology "Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev", Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - P Argirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - I Boev
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - A Yaneva
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biostatistics, and eLearning, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - N Vatev
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - M Stoycheva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - M Murdjeva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology "Prof. Dr. Elissay Yanev", Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Waugh S, Ranasinghe A, Gomez A, Houston S, Lithgow KV, Eshghi A, Fleetwood J, Conway KME, Reynolds LA, Cameron CE. Syphilis and the host: multi-omic analysis of host cellular responses to Treponema pallidum provides novel insight into syphilis pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254342. [PMID: 37795301 PMCID: PMC10546344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Syphilis is a chronic, multi-stage infection caused by the extracellular bacterium Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum. Treponema pallidum widely disseminates through the vasculature, crosses endothelial, blood-brain and placental barriers, and establishes systemic infection. Although the capacity of T. pallidum to traverse the endothelium is well-described, the response of endothelial cells to T. pallidum exposure, and the contribution of this response to treponemal traversal, is poorly understood. Methods To address this knowledge gap, we used quantitative proteomics and cytokine profiling to characterize endothelial responses to T. pallidum. Results Proteomic analyses detected altered host pathways controlling extracellular matrix organization, necroptosis and cell death, and innate immune signaling. Cytokine analyses of endothelial cells exposed to T. pallidum revealed increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and decreased secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Discussion This study provides insight into the molecular basis of syphilis disease symptoms and the enhanced susceptibility of individuals infected with syphilis to HIV co-infection. These investigations also enhance understanding of the host response to T. pallidum exposure and the pathogenic strategies used by T. pallidum to disseminate and persist within the host. Furthermore, our findings highlight the critical need for inclusion of appropriate controls when conducting T. pallidum-host cell interactions using in vitro- and in vivo-grown T. pallidum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Waugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Akash Ranasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alloysius Gomez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Karen V. Lithgow
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Azad Eshghi
- University of Victoria-Genome BC Proteomics Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jenna Fleetwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kate M. E. Conway
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Caroline E. Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brandl S, Reindl M. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12699. [PMID: 37628879 PMCID: PMC10454051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood-brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood-brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Li W, Peng X, Jiang L, Hu Y. Clinical Features and a Prediction Nomogram for Prognosis in Children with Escherichia coli Meningitis. J Child Neurol 2023; 38:528-536. [PMID: 37574798 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231193217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to build a prediction nomogram for early prediction of poor prognosis in children with Escherichia coli meningitis and analyzed the course of treatment and discharge criteria. METHODS Eighty-seven pediatric patients with E coli meningitis were retrospectively recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between June 2012 and November 2021. Univariate analysis and binary logistic analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors, and the prediction model was built. RESULTS E coli meningitis is more common in children <3 months old in our study (86.2%). Common complications were subdural effusion (39.1%), followed by hydrocephalus (13.8%) and repeated convulsions (12.6%). The mortality rate and sequelae rate of E coli meningitis in children was ∼10.9% and ∼6.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that 13 clinical indicators were associated with poor prognosis of E coli meningitis in children. In binary logistic analysis, risk factors were seizures (P = .032) and the last cerebrospinal fluid glucose content before discharge (P = .002). A graphical nomogram was designed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.913. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model was a good fit (P = .648). Internal validation proved the reliability of the prediction nomogram. CONCLUSIONS E coli meningitis is more common in children <3 months old in our study. The rate of complications and sequelae are high. The prediction nomogram could be used to assess the risk of poor prognosis in children with E coli meningitis by clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang J, Fu Y, Tang A, Gao X, Zhang D, Shen Y, Mou T, Hu S, Gao J, Lai J. Sex difference in prebiotics on gut and blood-brain barrier dysfunction underlying stress-induced anxiety and depression. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:115-128. [PMID: 36650644 PMCID: PMC10314104 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the previous studies have demonstrated the potential antidepressive and anxiolytic role of prebiotic supplement in male subjects, yet few have females enrolled. Herein, we explored whether prebiotics administration during chronic stress prevented depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in a sex-specific manner and the mechanism of behavioral differences caused by sex. METHODS Female and male C57 BL/J mice on normal diet were supplemented with or without a combination of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) during 3- and 4-week chronic restraint stress (CRS) treatment, respectively. C57 BL/J mice on normal diet without CRS were used as controls. Behavior consequences, gut microbiota, dysfunction of gut and brain-blood barriers, and inflammatory profiles were measured. RESULTS In the 3rd week, FOS + GOS administration attenuated stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in female, but not in male mice, and the anxiolytic effects in males were observed until the 4th week. However, protective effects of prebiotics on CRS-induced depression were not observed. Changes in the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the distal colon and hippocampus, and decreased number of colon goblet cells following CRS were restored by prebiotics only in females. In both female and male mice, prebiotics alleviated stress-induced BBB dysfunction and elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and modulated gut microbiota caused by stress. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that anxiety-like behaviors were significantly correlated with levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice, and the abundance of specific gut microbes was also correlated with anxiety-like behaviors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice. CONCLUSION Female mice were more vulnerable to stress and prebiotics than males. The gut microbiota, gut and blood-brain barrier, and inflammatory response may mediate the protective effects of prebiotics on anxiety-like behaviors in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Anying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xingle Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Danhua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jingfang Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
- The First College of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brian Medicine, and MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐machine IntegrationZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
OmpA is involved in the invasion of duck brain microvascular endothelial cells by Riemerella anatipestifer. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109692. [PMID: 36863175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy, the disease remains detrimental to humans, livestock, and poultry. Riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative bacterium causing duckling serositis and meningitis. However, the virulence factors contributing to its binding and invasion of duck brain microvascular endothelial cells (DBMECs) and penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have never been reported. In this study, immortalized DBMECs were successfully generated and used as an in vitro-model of duck BBB. Furthermore, ompA gene deletion mutant of the pathogen and multiple complemented strains carrying the complete ompA gene and its truncated forms were constructed. Bacterial growth, invasion, and adhesion assays and animal experiments were performed. The results show that the OmpA protein of R. anatipestifer had no effect on bacterial growth and adhesion ability to DBMECs. The role of OmpA in the invasion of R. anatipestifer into DBMECs and duckling BBB was confirmed. The amino acids 230-242 of OmpA represents a key domain involved in R. anatipestifer invasion. In addition, another OmpA1164 protein constituted by the amino acids 102-488 within OmpA could function as a complete OmpA. The signal peptide sequence from amino acids 1-21 had no significant effect on OmpA functions. In conclusion, this study illustrated that OmpA is an important virulence factor mediating R. anatipestifer invasion of DBMECs and penetration of the duckling BBB.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fan Z, Tang P, Li C, Yang Q, Xu Y, Su C, Li L. Fusobacterium nucleatum and its associated systemic diseases: epidemiologic studies and possible mechanisms. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2145729. [PMID: 36407281 PMCID: PMC9673791 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2145729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an anaerobic oral commensal and the major coaggregation bridge organism linking early and late colonisers. In recent years, a large number of studies suggest that F. nucleatum is closely related to the development of various systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, respiratory infection, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Objective To review the effect of F. nucleatum on systemic diseases and its possible pathogenesis and to open new avenues for prevention and treatment of F. nucleatum-associated systemic diseases. Design The research included every article published up to July 2022 featuring the keywords 'Systemic diseases' OR 'Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases' OR 'Atherosclerosis' OR 'Adverse pregnancy outcomes' OR 'Inflammatory bowel disease' OR 'Ulcerative colitis' OR 'Crohn’s disease' OR 'Cancers' OR 'Oral squamous cell carcinomas' OR 'Gastrointestinal cancers' OR 'Colorectal cancer' OR 'Breast cancer' OR 'Genitourinary cancers' OR 'Alzheimer’s disease ' OR 'Rheumatoid arthritis' OR 'Respiratory diseases' AND 'Fusobacterium nucleatum' OR 'Periodontal pathogen' OR 'Oral microbiota' OR 'Porphyromonas gingivalis' and was conducted in the major medical databases. Results F. nucleatum can induce immune response and inflammation in the body through direct or indirect pathways, and thus affect the occurrence and development of systemic diseases. Only by continuing to investigate the pathogenic lifestyles of F. nucleatum will we discover the divergent pathways that may be leveraged for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Fan
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengzhou Tang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Su
- State KeyLaboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai road 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park YJ, Kang GU, Jeong M, Singh V, Kim J, Lee K, Choi EJ, Kim HJ, Lee S, Lee SY, Oem JK, Shin JH. Bacterial Profiles of Brain in Downer Cattle with Unknown Etiology. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010098. [PMID: 36677388 PMCID: PMC9862898 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Downer cow can be caused by muscular paralysis, neurological damage, metabolic disorder, and/or the complication of microbial infection. However, downer cow with unknown etiology is issued because of the non-detection of its bacterial etiological agent. In this study, differences in the bacterial community in brain tissues between downer cattle with unknown etiology and healthy slaughtered cattle are investigated. Bacterial diversity and representative genera between downer and normal cattle were significantly different (p < 0.05). There are significant differences in representative genera of downer and normal cattle, especially the significance, fold change, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the prediction of functional genes in brain microbiota between the downer and normal cattle revealed differences in the cluster of orthologous gene categories, such as lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). This study revealed a significant difference in microbiota between the downer and normal cattle. Thus, we demonstrate that representative genera from downer cattle through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and microbiota analysis have the potential as candidates for bacterial etiological agents for downer cow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jun Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ung Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Jeong
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Kimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Kimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Kimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Jin Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Kimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si 54596, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-K.O.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-K.O.); (J.-H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramasubramanian B, Reddy VS, Chellappan V, Ramakrishna S. Emerging Materials, Wearables, and Diagnostic Advancements in Therapeutic Treatment of Brain Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1176. [PMID: 36551143 PMCID: PMC9775999 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the most critical health issues, brain illnesses, such as neurodegenerative conditions and tumors, lower quality of life and have a significant economic impact. Implantable technology and nano-drug carriers have enormous promise for cerebral brain activity sensing and regulated therapeutic application in the treatment and detection of brain illnesses. Flexible materials are chosen for implantable devices because they help reduce biomechanical mismatch between the implanted device and brain tissue. Additionally, implanted biodegradable devices might lessen any autoimmune negative effects. The onerous subsequent operation for removing the implanted device is further lessened with biodegradability. This review expands on current developments in diagnostic technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, angiography, and electroencephalogram while providing an overview of prevalent brain diseases. As far as we are aware, there hasn't been a single review article that addresses all the prevalent brain illnesses. The reviewer also looks into the prospects for the future and offers suggestions for the direction of future developments in the treatment of brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Ramasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Vijila Chellappan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Investigational Microbiological Therapy for Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235977. [PMID: 36497459 PMCID: PMC9736089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS), and 50% of patients present with glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most aggressive type. Currently, the most popular therapies are progressive chemotherapy and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), but the median survival of glioma patients is still low as a result of the emergence of drug resistance, so we urgently need to find new therapies. A growing number of studies have shown that the diversity, bioactivity, and manipulability of microorganisms make microbial therapy a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the many studies on the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma are scattered, and nobody has yet provided a comprehensive summary of them. Therefore, in this paper, we review the research progress of microorganisms and their derivatives in the development and treatment of glioma and conclude that it is possible to treat glioma by exogenous microbial therapies and targeting the gut-brain axis. In this article, we discuss the prospects and pressing issues relating to these therapies with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li Z, Li JN, Li Q, Liu C, Zhou LH, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Cholesterol efflux regulator ABCA1 exerts protective role against high shear stress-induced injury of HBMECs via regulating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:61. [PMCID: PMC9636808 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In brain, microvascular endothelial cells are exposed to various forces, including shear stress (SS). However, little is known about the effects of high shear stress (HSS) on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and the underlying mechanism. The cholesterol efflux regulator ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) has been demonstrated to exert protective effect on HBMECs. However, whether ABCA1 is involved in the mechanism underneath the effect of HSS on HBMECs remains obscure. In the present study, a series of experiments were performed to better understand the effect of HSS on cellular processes of HBMECs and the possible involvement of ABCA1 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS in the underlying mechanisms. Results HBMECs were subjected to physiological SS (PSS) or high SS (HSS). Cell migration was evaluated using Transwell assay. Apoptotic HBMECs were detected by flow cytometry or caspase3/7 activity. IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used for mRNA and protein expression detection, respectively. ROS and NO levels were detected using specific detection kits. Compared to PSS, HBMECs exhibited decreased cell viability and migration and increased cell apoptosis, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, and improved ROS and NO productions after HSS treatment. Moreover, HSS downregulated ABCA1 but upregulated the cholesterol efflux-related proteins MMP9, AQP4, and CYP46 and activated PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Overexpression of ABCA1 in HBMECS inhibited PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and counteracted the deleterious effects of HSS. Contrary effects were observed by ABCA1 silencing. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway mimicked ABCA1 effects, suggesting that ABCA1 protects HBMECs from HSS via PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. Conclusion These results advanced our understanding on the mechanisms of HSS on HBMECs and potentiated ABCA1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway as therapeutic target for cerebrovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00748-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Chun Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhou
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, No. 2880 Qixin Road, Shanghai, 201101 China
| | - Yi Xu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Present Address: Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai, 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Y, Ding N, Hao X, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li Z. Manual acupuncture benignly regulates blood-brain barrier disruption and reduces lipopolysaccharide loading and systemic inflammation, possibly by adjusting the gut microbiota. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018371. [PMID: 36313024 PMCID: PMC9607933 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis play crucial roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation triggered by gut microbial dysbiosis is an important factor in BBB disruption and systemic inflammation, but the mechanism of acupuncture regulation of BBB disruption via the gut microbiota in AD is not clear. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) on BBB dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice and examined the mechanism of gut microbiota by acupuncture in AD. METHODS Acupoints were applied to Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), and Zusanli (ST36) in the MA group. Mice in the manual acupuncture plus antibiotics (MAa) group received antibiotics and acupuncture, while mice in the probiotics (P) group received probiotics. Alterations in spatial learning and memory, the gut microbiota, tightly connected structure and permeability of BBB, and the expression of LPS and inflammatory factors in each group were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the normal (N) group, cognitive ability was significantly impaired, the gut microbiota composition was markedly altered, the BBB was significantly disrupted, and the expression of LPS in serum and brain, serum TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly increased in the AD group (p < 0.01). These changes were inhibited in the MA and P groups (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), and antibiotics reversed the benign regulatory effects of MA (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Manual acupuncture benignly modulated the gut microbiota and BBB dysfunction, reduced LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These effects were comparable to probiotics. The decrease in LPS load and systemic inflammation may play important roles in the regulation of BBB dysfunction by acupuncture, and the gut microbiota may be a potential target for the benign regulation of BBB disruption by acupuncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Li
- School of International, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zou P, Yang F, Ding Y, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wu D, Wang Y. Lipopolysaccharide downregulates the expression of ZO-1 protein through the Akt pathway. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:774. [PMID: 36199030 PMCID: PMC9533599 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a common neonatal disease with high morbidity, and can cause serious sequelae when left untreated. Escherichia coli is the common pathogen, and its endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can damage the endothelial cells, increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to intracranial inflammation. However, the specific mechanism of bacterial meningitis induced by LPS damaging BBB remains unclear. In this study, the mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEND.3) cells were used as a research object to investigate whether LPS damage BBB through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Methods The bEND.3 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of LPS for 12 h, and the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin) was detected using western blotting. The cells were challenged with the same concentration of LPS (1ug/ml) across different timepoints (0, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). Expression of TJ proteins and signal pathway molecules (PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt) were detected. The distribution of ZO-1 in bEND.3 cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results A negative correlation is observed between ZO-1 and LPS concentration. Moreover, a reduced expression of ZO-1 was most significant under 1 ug/ml of LPS, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between ZO-1 and LPS stimulation time. Meanwhile, the expression of claudin-5 and occludin did not change significantly with the stimulation of LPS concentration and time. The immunofluorescence assay showed that the amount of ZO-1 on the surface of bEND.3 cells stimulated with LPS was significantly lower than that of the control group. After LPS stimulation, p-Akt protein increased at 2 h and peaked at 4 h. The titer of p-PI3K did not change significantly with time. Conclusion LPS can downregulate the expression of ZO-1; however, its effect on claudin-5 and occludin is minimal. Akt signal pathway may be involved in the regulation of ZO-1 expression induced by LPS in bEND.3 cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07752-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peicen Zou
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Łuc M, Woźniak M, Rymaszewska J. Neuroinflammation in Dementia—Therapeutic Directions in a COVID-19 Pandemic Setting. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192959. [PMID: 36230921 PMCID: PMC9562181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dementia is a heterogenous group of diseases, inflammation has been shown to play a central role in all of them and provides a common link in their pathology. This review aims to highlight the importance of immune response in the most common types of dementia. We describe molecular aspects of pro-inflammatory signaling and sources of inflammatory activation in the human organism, including a novel infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2. The role of glial cells in neuroinflammation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches, are then discussed. Peripheral immune response and increased cytokine production, including an early surge in TNF and IL-1β concentrations activate glia, leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of neurons during COVID-19. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, have a large impact on future cognitive outcomes and should be included as a crucial intervention in dementia prevention. While the use of NSAIDs is not recommended due to inconclusive results on their efficacy and risk of side effects, the studies focused on the use of TNF antagonists as the more specific target in neuroinflammation are still very limited. It is still unknown, to what degree neuroinflammation resulting from COVID-19 may affect neurodegenerative process and cognitive functioning in the long term with ongoing reports of chronic post-COVID complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meng X, Chen Y, Wang P, Xia P, Wang J, He M, Zhu C, Wang H, Zhu G. Phosphopantetheinyl transferase ClbA contributes to the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in meningitis infection of mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269102. [PMID: 35900973 PMCID: PMC9333332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which has potential zoonotic risk, can cause severe systemic infections such as septicemia and meningitis in poultry. Colibactin is a hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide secondary metabolite produced by bacteria, which induces double-strand DNA breaks and chromosome instability in eukaryotic cells. ClbA is a 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) that is essential for colibactin and plays a role in siderophore synthesis. However, whether ClbA is associated with meningitis development in APEC is unclear. In this study, we abolished the clbA gene in the APEC XM strain, investigated the effect of clbA on colibactin synthesis and evaluated the pathogenic capacity of colibactin on meningitis development. Deletion of clbA reduced DNA damage to cells and hindered the normal synthesis of colibactin. Compared with the mice infected by wild-type APEC XM, the clbA deletion mutant infected mice had significant reduction in a series of characteristics associated with meningitis including clinical symptoms, bacterial loads of blood and brain, disruption of the blood brain barrier and the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain tissue. Complementation of ClbA recovered some APEC XM virulence. We conclude that ClbA is obligatory for the synthesis of colibactin and is responsible for the development of meningitis in mice infected by APEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Agricultural Vocational College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengping He
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
SssP1, a Fimbria-like component of Streptococcus suis, binds to the vimentin of host cells and contributes to bacterial meningitis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010710. [PMID: 35853077 PMCID: PMC9337661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is one of the important pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis in pigs and humans. Evading host immune defences and penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the preconditions for S. suis to cause meningitis, while the underlying mechanisms during these pathogenic processes are not fully understood. By detecting the red blood and white blood cells counts, IL-8 expression, and the pathological injury of brain in a mouse infection model, a serine-rich repeat (SRR) glycoprotein, designated as SssP1, was identified as a critical facilitator in the process of causing meningitis in this study. SssP1 was exported to assemble a fimbria-like component, thus contributed to the bacterial adhesion to and invasion into human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), and activates the host inflammatory response during meningitis but is not involved in the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and the disruption of tight junctions. Furthermore, the deletion of sssP1 significantly attenuates the ability of S. suis to traverse the BBB in vivo and in vitro. A pull-down analysis identified vimentin as the potential receptors of SssP1 during meningitis and following Far-Western blot results confirmed this ligand-receptor binding mediated by the NR2 (the second nonrepeat region) region of SssP1. The co-localisation of vimentin and S. suis observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy with multiplex fluorescence indicated that vimentin significantly enhances the interaction between SssP1 and BBB. Further study identified that the NR216-781 and NR1711-2214 fragments of SssP1 play critical roles to bind to the BBB depending on the sialylation of vimentin, and this binding is significantly attenuated when the antiserum of NR216-781 or NR1711-2214 blocked the bacterial cells, or the vimentin antibody blocked the BBB. Similar binding attenuations are observed when the bacterial cells were preincubated with the vimentin, or the BBB was preincubated with the recombinant protein NR216-781, NR1711-2214 or sialidase. In conclusion, these results reveal a novel receptor-ligand interaction that enhances adhesion to and penetration of the BBB to cause bacterial meningitis in the S. suis infection and highlight the importance of vimentin in host-pathogen interactions. Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is considered an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing meningitis in humans. Penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the preconditions for S. suis to cause meningitis, while its underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we identified a previously uncharacterised pathogenic mechanism associated with S. suis meningitis mediated by the interaction between bacterial SRR glycoproteins and a host cytoskeletal component. During the bacterial infection, SRR protein SssP1 is exported to assemble a fimbria-like component, which drives a strong binding effect with the BBB depending on the sialylation of vimentin. This interaction contributes to the bacterial adhesion to and penetration of the BBB and induces a robust inflammatory response during meningitis. This overall observation underscores the significance of host cell surface vimentin interactions in microbial pathogenesis and markedly improves our understanding of host barrier penetration during meningitis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu T, Jia L, Lei S, Jiang H, Liu J, Li N, Langford PR, Liu H, Lei L. Host HSPD1 Translocation from Mitochondria to the Cytoplasm Induced by Streptococcus suis Serovar 2 Enolase Mediates Apoptosis and Loss of Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132071. [PMID: 35805155 PMCID: PMC9265368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serovar 2 (S. suis serovar 2) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in pigs and humans, and is a serious threat to the swine industry and public health. Understanding the mechanism(s) by which S. suis serovar 2 penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is crucial to elucidating the pathogenesis of meningitis. In a previous study, we found that expression of the virulence factor enolase (Eno) by S. suis serovar 2 promotes the expression of host heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1) in brain tissue, which leads to the apoptosis of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMECs) and increased BBB permeability, which in turn promotes bacterial translocation across the BBB. However, the mechanism by which HSPD1 mediates Eno-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Eno promotes the translocation of HSPD1 from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, where HSPD1 binds to β-actin (ACTB), the translocated HSPD1, and its interaction with ACTB led to adverse changes in cell morphology and promoted the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3; inhibited the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP); and finally promoted cell apoptosis. These results further elucidate the role of HSPD1 in the process of Eno-induced apoptosis and increased BBB permeability, increasing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of meningitis, and providing a framework for novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Siyu Lei
- School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK;
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.W.); (L.J.); (H.J.); (J.L.); (N.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang RC, Huang K, Zhang HP, Li L, Zhang YF, Tan C, Chen HC, Jin ML, Wang XR. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:149. [PMID: 35705998 PMCID: PMC9198209 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the novel, pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate in severe patients. However, there is very limited information on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS RNA-sequencing profiling was performed to analyze the transcriptomic changes in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioinformatic tools were used for differential analysis. Immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting analysis were used to explore biological phenotypes. RESULTS A total of 927 differentially expressed genes were identified, 610 of which were significantly upregulated while the remaining 317 were downregulated. We verified the significant induction of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in hBMECs by SARS-CoV-2, suggesting an activation of the vascular endothelium in brain. Moreover, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the BBB permeability, by downregulating as well as remodeling the intercellular tight junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause BBB dysfunction, providing novel insights into the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis. Moreover, this finding shall constitute a new approach for future prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced CNS infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alajangi HK, Kaur M, Sharma A, Rana S, Thakur S, Chatterjee M, Singla N, Jaiswal PK, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Blood-brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders. Mol Brain 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35650613 PMCID: PMC9158215 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we aim to provide an overview of significant aspects of BBB. Worldwide, the treatment of neurological diseases caused by BBB disruption has been a major challenge. BBB also restricts entry of neuro-therapeutic drugs and hinders treatment modalities. Hence, currently nanotechnology-based approaches are being explored on large scale as alternatives to conventional methodologies. It is necessary to investigate the in-depth characteristic features of BBB to facilitate the discovery of novel drugs that can successfully cross the barrier and target the disease effectively. It is imperative to discover novel strategies to treat life-threatening CNS diseases in humans. Therefore, insights regarding building blocks of BBB, activation of immune response on breach of this barrier, and various autoimmune neurological disorders caused due to BBB dysfunction are discussed. Further, special emphasis is given on delineating BBB disruption leading to CNS disorders. Moreover, various mechanisms of transport pathways across BBB, several novel strategies, and alternative routes by which drugs can be properly delivered into CNS are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kumari Alajangi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sumedh Rana
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shipali Thakur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mary Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zehravi M, Kabir J, Akter R, Malik S, Ashraf GM, Tagde P, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Rahman MH, Mohan AG, Cavalu S. A Prospective Viewpoint on Neurological Diseases and Their Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113516. [PMID: 35684455 PMCID: PMC9182418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders that affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. To name a few causes, NDDs can be caused by ischemia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cell stress, inflammation, abnormal protein deposition in neural tissue, autoimmune-mediated neuron loss, and viral or prion infections. These conditions include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). The formation of β-sheet-rich aggregates of intra- or extracellular proteins in the CNS hallmarks all neurodegenerative proteinopathies. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), numerous organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), are affected. However, the inflammatory process is linked to several neurodegenerative pathways that are linked to depression because of NDDs. Pro-inflammatory signals activated by aging may increase vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Viruses may increase macrophages and CCR5+ T cells within the CNS during dementia formation and progression. Unlike medical symptoms, which are just signs of a patient's health as expressed and perceived, biomarkers are reproducible and quantitative. Therefore, this current review will highlight and summarize the neurological disorders and their biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Janisa Kabir
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834001, India;
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
| | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj 1400, Bangladesh; (S.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.H.R.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Syme TE, Grill M, Hayashida E, Viengkhou B, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ. Strawberry notch homolog 2 regulates the response to interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:126. [PMID: 35624480 PMCID: PMC9145108 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) modulates a variety of inflammatory processes and, context depending, can mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Excessive IL-6 signalling in the brain is associated with chronic inflammation resulting in neurodegeneration. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (Sbno2) is an IL-6-regulated gene whose function is largely unknown. Here we aimed to address this issue by investigating the impact of Sbno2 disruption in mice with IL-6-mediated neuroinflammation. METHODS Mice with germline disruption of Sbno2 (Sbno2-/-) were generated and crossed with transgenic mice with chronic astrocyte production of IL-6 (GFAP-IL6). Phenotypic, molecular and transcriptomic analyses were performed on tissues and primary cell cultures to clarify the role of SBNO2 in IL-6-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS We found Sbno2-/- mice to be viable and overtly normal. By contrast GFAP-IL6 × Sbno2-/- mice had more severe disease compared with GFAP-IL6 mice. This was evidenced by exacerbated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and enhanced IL-6-responsive gene expression. Cell culture experiments on primary astrocytes from Sbno2-/- mice further showed elevated and sustained transcript levels of a number of IL-6 stimulated genes. Notably, despite enhanced disease in vivo and gene expression both in vivo and in vitro, IL-6-stimulated gp130 pathway activation was reduced when Sbno2 is disrupted. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we propose a role for SBNO2 as a novel negative feedback regulator of IL-6 that restrains the excessive inflammatory actions of this cytokine in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Syme
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Division of Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Emina Hayashida
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iain L Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
High-Dose Acetaminophen Alters the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Leads to Increased CNS Uptake of Codeine in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050949. [PMID: 35631535 PMCID: PMC9144323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neurological changes in human subjects; however, effects of APAP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are unknown. BBB changes by APAP can have profound consequences for brain delivery of co-administered drugs. To study APAP effects, female Sprague-Dawley rats (12-16 weeks old) were administered vehicle (i.e., 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or APAP (80 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg in DMSO, i.p.; equivalent to a 900 mg or 5600 mg daily dose for a 70 kg human subject). BBB permeability was measured via in situ brain perfusion using [14C]sucrose and [3H]codeine, an opioid analgesic drug that is co-administered with APAP (i.e., Tylenol #3). Localization and protein expression of tight junction proteins (i.e., claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) were studied in rat brain microvessels using Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. Paracellular [14C]sucrose "leak" and brain [3H]codeine accumulation were significantly enhanced in rats treated with 500 mg/kg APAP only. Additionally, claudin-5 localization and protein expression were altered in brain microvessels isolated from rats administered 500 mg/kg APAP. Our novel and translational data show that BBB integrity is altered following a single high APAP dose, results that are relevant to patients abusing or misusing APAP and/or APAP/opioid combination products.
Collapse
|
38
|
Humanizing plant-derived snakins and their encrypted antimicrobial peptides. Biochimie 2022; 199:92-111. [PMID: 35472564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to safety restrictions, plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) need optimization to be consumed beyond preservatives. Herein, 175 GASA-domain-containing snakins were analyzed. Factors including charge, hydrophobicity, helicity, hydrophobic moment (μH), folding enthalpy, folding heat capacity, folding free energy, therapeutic index, allergenicity, and bitterness were considered. The most optimal snakins for oral consumption as preservatives were from Cajanus cajan, Cucumis melo, Durio zibethinus, Glycine soja, Herrania umbratica, and Ziziphus jujuba. Virtual digestion of snakins predicted ACE1 and DPPIV inhibitory as dominant effects upon oral use with antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. To be applied as a therapeutic in parenteral administration, snakins were browsed for short 20-mer encrypted fragments that were non-toxic or with eliminated toxicity using directed mutagenesis yet retaining the AMP property. The most promising 20-mer AMPs were Mr-SNK2-1a in Morella rubra with BBB permeation, Na-SNK2-2a(C18W), and Na-SNK2-2b(C16F) from Nicotiana attenuata. These AMPs were cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), with a charge of +6, a μH of about 0.40, and a Boman-index higher than 2.48 Kcalmol-1. Na-SNK2-2a(C18W) had putative activity against gram-negative bacteria with MIC lower than 25 μgml-1, and Na-SNK2-2b(C16F) was a potential anti-HIV with an IC50 of 3.04 μM. Other 20-mer AMPs, such as Cc-SNK1-2a from Cajanus cajan displayed an anti-HCV property with an IC50 of 13.91 μM. While Si-SNK2-3a(C17P) from Sesamum indicum was a cationic anti-angiogenic CPP targeting the acidic microenvironment of tumors, Cme-SNK2-1a(C11F) from Cucumis melo was an immunomodulator CPP applicable as a vaccine adjuvant. Because of combined mechanisms, investigating cysteine-rich peptides can nominate effective biotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
39
|
Naveed M, Makhdoom SI, Abbas G, Safdari M, Farhadi A, Habtemariam S, Shabbir MA, Jabeen K, Asif MF, Tehreem S. The Virulent Hypothetical Proteins: The Potential Drug Target Involved in Bacterial Pathogenesis. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2608-2623. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220413102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Hypothetical proteins (HPs) are non-predicted sequences that are identified only by open reading frames in sequenced genomes but their protein products remain uncharacterized by any experimental means. The genome of every species consists of HPs that are involved in various cellular processes and signaling pathways. Annotation of HPs is important as they play a key role in disease mechanisms, drug designing, vaccine production, antibiotic production, and host adaptation. In the case of bacteria, 25-50% of the genome comprises of HPs, which are involved in metabolic pathways and pathogenesis. The characterization of bacterial HPs helps to identify virulent proteins that are involved in pathogenesis. This can be done using in-silico studies, which provide sequence analogs, physiochemical properties, cellular or subcellular localization, structure and function validation, and protein-protein interactions. The most diverse types of virulent proteins are exotoxins, endotoxins, and adherent virulent factors that are encoded by virulent genes present on the chromosomal DNA of the bacteria. This review evaluates virulent HPs of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Yersinia pestis. The potential of these HPs as a drug target in bacteria-caused infectious diseases along with the mode of action and treatment approaches have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amin Farhadi
- Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus-Science, Grenville Building (G102/G107), Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Muhammad Aqib Shabbir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khizra Jabeen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tehreem
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gou H, Liu Y, Shi W, Nan J, Wang C, Sun Y, Cao Q, Wei H, Song C, Tian C, Wei Y, Xue H. The Characteristics and Function of Internalin G in Listeria monocytogenes. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:63-71. [PMID: 35635167 PMCID: PMC9152910 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarified characteristics and function of internalin G (inlG) in Listeria monocytogenes ATCC®19111 (1/2a) (LM), the immune protection of the inlG was evaluated in mice, the homologous recombination was used to construct inlG deletion strains, and their biological characteristics were studied by the transcriptomics analysis. As a result, the immunization of mice with the purified protein achieved a protective effect against bacterial infection. The deletion strain LM-AinlG was successfully constructed with genetic stability. The mouse infection test showed that the virulence of LM was decreased after the deletion of the inlG gene. The deletion strain showed enhanced adhesion to and invasion of Caco-2 cells. Compared to the wild strain, 18 genes were up-regulated, and 24 genes were down-regulated in the LM-AinlG. This study has laid a foundation for further research on the function of inlG and the pathogenesis of LM. In this study, immunization of mice with the purified inlG protein achieved a protective effect against Listeria monocytogenes infection. The virulence of LM-ΔinlG was decreased by mouse infection. However, the adhesion and invasion ability to Caco-2 cell were enhanced. Compared to the wild strain, 18 genes were up-regulated, and 24 genes were down-regulated in the LM-ΔinlG. This study has laid a foundation for further study of the function of the inlG and the listeriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huitian Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Nan
- Jiuquan City Animal Control Disease Center, Jiuquan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qihang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changqing Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Furuta A, Brokaw A, Manuel G, Dacanay M, Marcell L, Seepersaud R, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf K. Bacterial and Host Determinants of Group B Streptococcal Infection of the Neonate and Infant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820365. [PMID: 35265059 PMCID: PMC8899651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive β-hemolytic bacteria that can cause serious and life-threatening infections in neonates manifesting as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and/or septic arthritis. Invasive GBS infections in neonates in the first week of life are referred to as early-onset disease (EOD) and thought to be acquired by the fetus through exposure to GBS in utero or to vaginal fluids during birth. Late-onset disease (LOD) refers to invasive GBS infections between 7 and 89 days of life. LOD transmission routes are incompletely understood, but may include breast milk, household contacts, nosocomial, or community sources. Invasive GBS infections and particularly meningitis may result in significant neurodevelopmental injury and long-term disability that persists into childhood and adulthood. Globally, EOD and LOD occur in more than 300,000 neonates and infants annually, resulting in 90,000 infant deaths and leaving more than 10,000 infants with a lifelong disability. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact of invasive GBS neonatal infections and then summarize virulence and host factors that allow the bacteria to exploit the developing neonatal immune system and target organs. Specifically, we consider the mechanisms known to enable GBS invasion into the neonatal lung, blood vessels and brain. Understanding mechanisms of GBS invasion and pathogenesis relevant to infections in the neonate and infant may inform the development of therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury, as well as improve risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gygeria Manuel
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew Dacanay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lauren Marcell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao Y, Zhang X, Guo N, Tian D, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Zhang J, Liu X. Genetically Predicted Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk and Age at Onset of Parkinson’s Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:811059. [PMID: 35299944 PMCID: PMC8923644 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.811059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is widely considered to be a disabling neurodegenerative disorder, which has been ranked second worldwide just after Alzheimer’s disease. Until present, a wide range of studies has focused on the role of circulating inflammatory cytokines in the development of PD. However, the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokines and the risk and age at the onset of PD has not been elucidated. Hence, to evaluate the effects of circulating inflammatory cytokines on the risk or age at the onset of PD more accurately, we conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study involving summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Totally, we included a GWAS for inflammatory cytokines (8,293 participants), a meta-analysis of GWASs for PD risk (482,730 participants), and a GWAS dataset for age at the onset of PD (17,996 patients with PD). A total of 149 and 131 polymorphisms for exploring relationships between 19 inflammatory cytokines and the risk and age at the onset of PD were obtained as instrumental variants. Then, we used a total of five MR methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), Wald ratio, MR Egger regression, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods. Finally, we found a causal association between circulating levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP1b) and PD risk in the IVW method (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10; P = 0.001). Meanwhile, other MR estimates by weighted median and MR-PRESSO methods yielded similar effect estimates. Besides, we identified a suggestive association of interleukin-16 (IL-16) levels with PD risk (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.17; P = 0.037). For age at PD onset, there was no evidence supporting its correlation with inflammatory cytokines. Our findings implied that MIP1b and IL-16 may be novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for PD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ross EC, Olivera GC, Barragan A. Early passage of Toxoplasma gondii across the blood–brain barrier. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:450-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
45
|
Liu M, Yang X, Zeng C, Zhao H, Li J, Hou Z, Wen H. Transcriptional Signatures of Immune, Neural, and Endocrine Functions in the Brain and Kidney of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Response to Aeromonas salmonicida Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031340. [PMID: 35163263 PMCID: PMC8835788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) serves as one of the most important commercial fish with an annual production of around 800,000 tonnes. However, infectious diseases, such as furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida infection, results in great economic loss in trout culture. The brain and kidney are two important organs associated with “sickness behaviors” and immunomodulation in response to disease. Therefore, we worked with 60 trout and investigated transcriptional responses and enrichment pathways between healthy and infected trout. We observed that furunculosis resulted in the activation of toll-like receptors with neuroinflammation and neural dysfunction in the brain, which might cause the “sickness behaviors” of infected trout including anorexia and lethargy. We also showed the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication contributed to duplicated colony stimulating factor 1 (csf-1) paralogs, which play an important role in modulating brain immunomodulation. Enrichment analyses of kidneys showed up-regulated immunomodulation and down-regulated neural functions, suggesting an immune-neural interaction between the brain and kidney. Moreover, the kidney endocrine network was activated in response to A. salmonicida infection, further convincing the communications between endocrine and immune systems in regulating internal homeostasis. Our study provided a foundation for pathophysiological responses of the brain and kidney in response to furunculosis and potentially offered a reference for generating disease-resistant trout strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhishuai Hou
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
| | - Haishen Wen
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Interleukin-17A Contributed to the Damage of Blood-CNS Barriers During Streptococcus suis Meningitis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2116-2128. [PMID: 35044625 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic agent that can cause meningitis in humans with high mortality and morbidity. Meningitic S. suis can induce higher level of IL-17 than non-meningitic S. suis. Besides, IL-17A plays various roles on bacterial clearance or disruption of blood-CNS barriers through the downregulation and reorganization of tight junction (TJ) molecules. However, it remains to be elucidated for the role of IL-17A on the infection with meningitic S. suis. Here, we found that meningitic S. suis infection could not only cause acute death due to the damage of multiple organs, but also cause meningitis and clinical nervous signs since 60 h of post-infection due to the penetration of blood-CNS barriers after lasting bacteremia. In contrast, the mice with deficiency of il17a gene could not significantly change the acute inflammatory response and acute death, but it could not show obvious meningitis and clinical nervous signs caused by the meningitic S. suis infection. In addition, we also found that IL-17A could inhibit the transcription and expression of TJ proteins that facilitated the leakage of blood-CNS barriers since 60 h of post-infection during meningitic S. suis infection. Thus, our findings demonstrated that IL-17A could downregulate TJ proteins, which undoubtedly facilitated the leakage of blood-CNS barriers for bacterial invasion and then caused S. suis meningitis, providing potential targets for future prevention and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen X, Chen Y, Qi D, Cui D. Multifaceted interconnections between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 112:110422. [PMID: 34358623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Many previous studies have defined the important roles of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes of psychiatric disorders. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory factor, has been gradually recognized to be involved in the development of neurological diseases in recent years. Our current review focuses on discussing the potential beneficial and detrimental roles of MIF in psychiatric disorders. We will provide new mechanistic insights for the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers based on MIF for psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Dake Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu Z, Ren R, Jiang W. The protective role of raltegravir in experimental acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12268. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Xu
- Binzhou Medical University, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Binzhou Medical University, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim HS, Kim S, Shin SJ, Park YH, Nam Y, Kim CW, Lee KW, Kim SM, Jung ID, Yang HD, Park YM, Moon M. Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 34876226 PMCID: PMC8650380 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Duk Yang
- Harvard Neurology Clinic, 294 Gwanggyojungang-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, 16943, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Dandi Bioscience Inc, 6th Floor of Real Company Building, 66, Achasan-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwondaero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vore AS, Deak T. Alcohol, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier function in health and disease across development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:209-249. [PMID: 34801170 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most commonly used drug of abuse in the world and binge drinking is especially harmful to the brain, though the mechanisms by which alcohol compromises overall brain health remain somewhat elusive. A number of brain diseases and pathological states are accompanied by perturbations in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) function, ultimately exacerbating disease progression. The BBB is critical for coordinating activity between the peripheral immune system and the brain. Importantly, BBB integrity is responsive to circulating cytokines and other immune-related signaling molecules, which are powerfully modulated by alcohol exposure. This review will highlight key cellular components of the BBB; discuss mechanisms by which permeability is achieved; offer insight into methodological approaches for assessing BBB integrity; and forecast how alcohol-induced changes in the peripheral and central immune systems might influence BBB function in individuals with a history of binge drinking and ultimately Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Vore
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - T Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|