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Added A, Khalloufi N, Khazri A, Harrath AH, Mansour L, Nahdi S, Boufahja F, Aldahmash W, Alrefaei AF, Dellali M. Effects of an Endocrine Disruptor Triclosan on Ruditapes decussatus: Multimarker and Histological Approaches. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030402. [PMID: 36766291 PMCID: PMC9913085 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the ecotoxicological effects of an endocrine disruptor triclosan on the clam Ruditapes decussatus. The bivalves were exposed to three concentrations of this biocide (C1 = 100 ng/L, C2 = 200 ng/L and C3 = 500 ng/L) for three and seven days. The impact was assessed at the gills and digestive glands, through activities of an antioxidant defense biomarker (Gluthatione S-Transferase, GST), a damage biomarker (Malondialdehyde, MDA), and a neurotoxicity biomarker (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE). Furthermore, histological traits were approached in different organs to evaluate any possible alteration induced by triclosan. It appears from this study that both gills and digestive glands responded discernibly to triclosan and effects were concentration-dependent. The stressed clams showed a significant increase in their GST and MDA activities in gills and digestive glands compared to controls for both time slots considered. In turn, the AChE activity was clearly inhibited in both organs in a time dependent way. The histological study made it possible to observe several structural pathologies caused by triclosan in the gills and the digestive gland. These alterations consisted mainly of inflammatory reactions, malformations of the lamellae and fusion of the gill filaments, degeneration of the connective tissue, and the erosion of the gill cilia with the appearance of certain severe alterations (cell necrosis and apoptosis), which can thus cause a malfunction of the gills and eventually lead to a reduction in oxygen consumption and a disruption of the osmoregulation for bivalves. Alterations in the digestive gland have also been detected, mainly by epithelial alterations, thinning of the tubules, and alteration of the basal cell membrane which can impair the ability of clams to absorb food. At germinal cells, several damages were observed in the oocytes which probably disturbed the reproductive function and the fertility of the clams. The damages observed in female gonads were caused by the cytolysis of a large number of oocytes through autophagy and necrosis at 200 ng triclosan/L. Moreover, at 500 ng triclosan/L, hemocytic infiltration was observed in acini and apoptotic bodies reflected in the fragmentation of more than 90% of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Added
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Khalloufi
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhafidh Khazri
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saber Nahdi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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Mannai A, Hmida L, Bouraoui Z, Guerbej H, Gharred T, Jebali J. Does thermal stress modulate the biochemical and physiological responses of Ruditapes decussatus exposed to the progestin levonorgestrel? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85211-85228. [PMID: 35794321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of 1000 ng/l levonorgestrel (LNG) alone or combined with increased temperature of 20, 24, and 28 °C on the biochemical and physiological responses of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) for 28 days. Our results revealed that female clams treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) alone showed enhancement of the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress related to the inductions of catalase (CAT), gluthatione -S -transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH), while the elevated temperatures of 20, 24, and 28 °C diminished most of the specific responses to LNG and was the main factor in the determining the responses to combine exposures. The responses of lysosomal membrane stability, alkaline phosphatase, and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase detected were the most common signs of an adverse effect in all exposures. Female clams' testosterone and estradiol responses to LNG were the most particular manifestations depending on the exposure. Overall, these findings showed clearly that chronic warming stress caused disruption in physiological, biochemical parameters of the female clam R. decussatus, and this may have implications for the whole organism and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mannai
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Leila Hmida
- Research Unit Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources (UR13AGRO1), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), University of Carthage, Charles Nicolle Avenue 43, Mahrajene City, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zied Bouraoui
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Guerbej
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (LR16INSTM05), Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Gharred
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology & Valorization (LR 14ES06), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Zaidi M, Athmouni K, Metais I, Ayadi H, Leignel V. The Mediterranean limpet Patella caerulea (Gastropoda, Mollusca) to assess marine ecotoxicological risk: a case study of Tunisian coasts contaminated by metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28339-28358. [PMID: 34989994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Participants in the coastal socio-economy of the Mediterranean Sea, such as industries, aquaculture, urban populations, conglomerates, and tourists, create intense anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems (such as the release of trace metals). This raises concerns about their impact on the surrounding environment and on marine organisms, including those collected for human consumption. This study introduces the possibility of using Patella caerulea (Linnaeus 1758), indigenous to the Mediterranean Sea, as a biosentinel of marine pollution. This study proposes coupling environmental (bioaccumulation) and toxicological (redox homeostasis) measures of bioavailability with genetic variability (COI mtDNA) assessments. Concentrations of six trace metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, and zinc) were measured in surface seawater and in P. caerulea individuals collected from four coastal stations on the Tunisian coast where different levels of metal contamination have occurred. The quantified biomarkers involved the determination of antioxidant defense enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the measurement of lipid peroxidation indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Our study identified critical levels of metal contamination among locations in the Gulf of Gabes. Concomitantly, the induction of antioxidant biomarkers (especially SOD and GPX) was observed, highlighting the potential of P. caerulea to acclimate to stressful pollution conditions. Molecular analysis of COI (mtDNA) revealed low discrimination between the four P. caerulea populations, highlighting the role of marine currents in the Mediterranean Sea in the dispersal and passive transportation of limpet larvae, allowing an exchange of individuals among physically separated, P. caerulea populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Zaidi
- EA2160 Laboratory MMS (Water Molecules and Health), Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France.
- UR/11ES72 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- UR/11ES72 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Metais
- EA2160 Laboratory MMS (Water Molecules and Health), The Catholic University of the West, PI, André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- UR/11ES72 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Leignel
- EA2160 Laboratory MMS (Water Molecules and Health), Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72000, Le Mans, France
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El Ayeb N, Béjaoui M, Muhr H, Touaylia S, Mahmoudi E. Behaviour and biochemical responses of the marine clam Ruditapes decussatus exposed to phosphogypsum. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3651-3662. [PMID: 32149584 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1740332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries increase phosphogypsum levels in the aquatic environment leading to various disturbing effects. In the present work, we investigated the bio-uptake of heavy metals following the exposure of Ruditapes decussatus to three concentrations of phosphogypsum, 10, 20 and 40 g kg-1, under laboratory conditions. The amounts of Zn, Cd and Pb in several organs of the clam Ruditapes decussatus was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phosphogypsum acts on the behaviour of R. decussatus by increasing filtration rates. The most treatments showed significantly higher metal concentration in all tissues than the controls. Excavation behaviour was altered in treated bivalves compared to controls. The filtration rate (FR) of clams was significantly affected by exposure to phosphogypsum. Indeed, FR increased in clams exposed to phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum has decreased SOD, CAT and MDA activities in the gills, digestive gland, gonad and muscles according to the concentration indicating a defense against oxidative stress. AChE was significantly inhibited in clams from all the sampling sites compared to controls. The considered parameters could be useful biomarkers for the evaluation of phosphogypsum toxicity in threatened biota. This study was conducted as part of a further investigation into the use of a comprehensive approach combining chemical and biological parameters to assess the health status of the Gabes gulf population. It provides the first database referring to phosphogypsum contamination and its biological effect in this ecosystem. The present study fills in a needed gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine El Ayeb
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Béjaoui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hervé Muhr
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés LRGP, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Samir Touaylia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Boulajfene W, Lasram M, Zouari-Tlig S. Integrated Biomarker Response for Environmental Assessment Using the Gastropod Phorcus turbinatus along the Northern and the Northeastern Coasts of Tunisia. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:529. [PMID: 34200186 PMCID: PMC8228961 DOI: 10.3390/life11060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to assess the spatial and temporal variations of four biomarkers activities and to integrate their biological responses in a battery using the gastropod Phorcus turbinatus. The monitoring was carried out during the period between April 2014 and January 2015 at six stations along the northern and the northeastern coasts of Tunisia. The Fulton condition factor was estimated and the activities of catalase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated by spectrophotometry. A multi-biomarker battery approach was used to assess ecosystems' condition and to identify environmental impacts on the organisms. The results suggest that the enzymatic activities of CAT and GST depend especially on seasons. As for AChE activity, it was similar between seasons and stations. The values of the integrated biological response were maximal at Jarzouna in summer and at Sidi Daoued in winter, indicating the presence of severe stressors suffered by the organisms. This perturbation may be due to the enrichment of the waters by xenobiotics, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides, phosphate wastes, PCBs and pesticides. Thus, P. turbinatus seems to be a good bioindicator of chemical pollution, constituting an adequate tool for a bio-monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Boulajfene
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Biodiversité, Parasitologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Montassar Lasram
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie et Physiologie des Agressions, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Sabiha Zouari-Tlig
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Biodiversité, Parasitologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
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Braga AC, Marçal R, Marques A, Guilherme S, Vilariño Ó, Martins JML, Gago-Martínez A, Costa PR, Pacheco M. Invasive clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) are better equipped to deal with harmful algal blooms toxins than native species (R. decussatus): evidence of species-specific toxicokinetics and DNA vulnerability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144887. [PMID: 33636784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess and compare the kinetics (accumulation/elimination) of the marine biotoxins okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), between native (Ruditapes decussatus) and invasive (Ruditapes philippinarum) clam species, and their genotoxic effects and DNA recover capacity after, exposure to toxic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima. Clams were fed with P. lima for 5 days and then to non-toxic algae (post-exposure) during other 5 days. Toxin concentrations determined in clams by LC-MS/MS were related with DNA damage and repair assessment through the comet and base excision repair (BER) assays, respectively. Differential accumulation patterns were observed between the invasive and native species. The invasive species consistently and progressively accumulated the toxins during the first 24 h of exposure, while the native clams showed drastic variations in the toxin accumulation. Nevertheless, at the end of a 5 days of exposure period, the native clams presented higher toxin concentrations, nearly reaching the legal regulatory limit for human consumption. In addition, native clams were vastly affected by OA and DTX1, presenting an increment in the DNA damage since the first day, with a correspondent increase in the repair activity. On the other hand, invasive clams were not affected by the dinoflagellate toxins, exhibiting only some signs of the challenge, namely an increase in the DNA repair mechanisms in the post-exposure period. Invasive clams R. philippinarum are better adapted to cope with harmful algal blooms and OA-group toxins than native species. These results may increase farming interest and may lead to new introductions of the invasive clams. In sympatry sites, exposure to OA-group toxins may unbalance clams species biomass and distribution as exposure to toxic dinoflagellates affects the native clams from cellular to a population level, representing a significant threat to development and maintenance of R. decussatus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Braga
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Marçal
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Óscar Vilariño
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J Manuel Leão Martins
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Gago-Martínez
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pedro R Costa
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Piscopo R, Almeida Â, Coppola F, De Marchi L, Esteves VI, Soares AMVM, Pretti C, Morelli A, Chiellini F, Polese G, Freitas R. How temperature can alter the combined effects of carbon nanotubes and caffeine in the clam Ruditapes decussatus? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110755. [PMID: 33556353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are considered to be emerging contaminants and their impact in ecosystem has drawn special research attention, while other contaminants, such as caffeine, have more coverage in literature. Despite this, the effects of a combination of the two has yet to be evaluated, especially considering predicted temperature rise. In the present study a typical bioindicator species for marine environment, the clam Ruditapes decussatus, and classical tools, such as biomarkers and histopathological indices, were used to shed light on the species' response to these contaminants, under actual and predicted warming scenarios. The results obtained showed that both contaminants have a harmful effect at tissue level, as shown by higher histopathological index, especially in digestive tubules. Temperatures seemed to induce greater biochemical impacts than caffeine (CAF) and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) when acting alone, namely in terms of antioxidant defences and energy reserves content, which were exacerbated when both contaminants were acting in combination (MIX treatment). Overall, the present findings highlight the complex response of clams to both pollutants, evidencing the role of temperature on clams' sensitivity, especially to mixture of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Italy
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Morelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
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Bouzahouane H, Barour C, Sleimi N, Ouali K. Multi-biomarkers approach to the assessment of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea health status: Preliminary study on Stramonita haemastoma used as a bioindicator for metal contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:725-741. [PMID: 29859485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the responses of different biochemicals parameters associated with environmental pollution in the digestive gland of the gastropod mollusc Stramonita haemastoma. Physiochemical parameters and trace metal elements (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb)) were measured in seawater. Spatiotemporal variations in reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and metallothionein (Mt) as well as the specific activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in digestive gland of this species during a one-year period in 2013-2014. Samples collection was conducted at three sites. The results obtained showed seasonal fluctuations in GST and CAT activities and in the rate of Mt content. In addition, intersite variations in GSH, MDA, Mt and CAT were recorded in individuals. Also, trace metal elements concentrations determined by season in the digestive gland revealed spatial and temporal variations for Cu and Zn but they are below the limit of detection for Cd and Pb. The highest values were generally recorded in spring for Cu and in winter for Zn. In this first regional study using in S. haemastoma as a model, the biomarkers measured were seen to be inducible parameters to evaluate the health state of the organism and the overall quality of the study sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bouzahouane
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia University, Souk-Ahras, 41000, Algeria; Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, El Hadjar, Annaba 23000, Algeria.
| | - Choukri Barour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia University, Souk-Ahras, 41000, Algeria
| | - Noomene Sleimi
- UR: Matériaux, Nanomatériaux et Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Kheireddine Ouali
- Laboratory of Environmental Biosurveillance, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, El Hadjar, Annaba 23000, Algeria
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D’costa AH, S.K. S, M.K. PK, Furtado S. The Backwater Clam ( Meretrix casta ) as a bioindicator species for monitoring the pollution of an estuarine environment by genotoxic agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 825:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chalghmi H, Zrafi I, Gourves PY, Bourdineaud JP, Saidane-Mosbahi D. Combined effects of metal contamination and abiotic parameters on biomarker responses in clam Ruditapes decussatus gills: an integrated approach in biomonitoring of Tunis lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:895-907. [PMID: 27337063 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and seasonal alteration in a battery of biomarkers responses (enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and acetylcholinesterase and lipid peroxidation) were investigated to assess the metal derived effects in clam (Ruditapes decussatus) gills, collected from Tunis lagoon (Tunisia). Trace metals (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) concentrations were assessed seasonally in sediments and tissues of R. decussatus from three different sites (S1, S2 and S3). Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) analysis showed a spatio-temporal variation of metal uptake rates in clams through sediments. Likewise, the multibiomarker approach enabled a time-site trend differentiation between sites with distinctive degrees of anthropogenic contamination. Site S2 was identified as the most impacted region due to the presence of different contamination sources (shipping and industrial activities). The results suggest that biomarker's seasonal variation arises from a complex interaction between environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, salinity) and probably biological factors (mainly the reproduction process) along with anthropogenic pressure. The general biological response measured with the IBR index at all the sampling sites revealed the highest metabolic stress in summer. The combined effects of metal contamination and increased temperature and salinity in summer appear to induce the highest metabolic adaptation response. The selected biomarkers provided an integrated response, which is useful for the assessment of the combined effects of metal contamination and abiotic parameters in clams and the environmental status of coastal lagoon ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Chalghmi
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon Marine Station, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France. and Laboratory of Analysis Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ines Zrafi
- Center of Water Researches and Technologies, Technopark Borj Cedria, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon Marine Station, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon Marine Station, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120 Arcachon, France.
| | - Dalila Saidane-Mosbahi
- Laboratory of Analysis Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Zaaboub N, Martins MVA, Dhib A, Béjaoui B, Galgani F, El Bour M, Aleya L. Accumulation of trace metals in sediments in a Mediterranean Lagoon: Usefulness of metal sediment fractionation and elutriate toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:226-237. [PMID: 26412262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The authors investigated sediment quality in Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia) focusing on geochemical characteristics, metal sediment fractionation and elutriate toxicity assessment. Nickel, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd partitioning in sediments was studied; accumulation and bioavailability were elucidated using enrichment factors, sequential extractions, redox potential, acid volatile sulfide and biotest procedures in toxicity evaluation. Results revealed an accumulation for Pb and Zn, reaching 99 and 460 mg kg(-1) respectively. In addition, the acid volatile sulfide values were high in both eastern and western lagoon areas, thus affecting metal availability. Mean enrichment factor values for Pb and Zn were 4.8 and 4.9, respectively, with these elements as the main contributors to the lagoon's moderate enrichment level. Toxicity levels were influenced by accumulation of Zn in different surface sediment areas. Core sediments were investigated in areas with the highest metal concentrations; metal fractionation and biotest confirmed that Zn contributes to sediment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Zaaboub
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Faculdade de Geologia, Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amel Dhib
- IFREMER/Laboratoire Environnement Ressources PAC/Corse Imm Agostini, ZI Furiani, 20600 Bastia, France
| | - Béchir Béjaoui
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - François Galgani
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, 16, route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Monia El Bour
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- IFREMER/Laboratoire Environnement Ressources PAC/Corse Imm Agostini, ZI Furiani, 20600 Bastia, France.
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12
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Michel C, Vincent-Hubert F. DNA oxidation and DNA repair in gills of zebra mussels exposed to cadmium and benzo(a)pyrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:2009-2016. [PMID: 26438356 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bivalve molluscs are considered as effective indicators of environmental pollution. The comet assay allows the detection of DNA damage such as DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites. The main oxidative lesion, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which is a pre-mutagenic lesion, can be detected by the comet assay coupled with the hOGG1 DNA repair enzyme. With this modified assay we recently observed that BaP induced 8-oxodG lesions and with the modified comet-Fpg assay we observed that Cd induced oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of DNA lesions in Cd and BaP exposed zebra mussels using the comet-hOGG1 assay. Mussels were exposed for 24 h to these two chemicals and then placed in clean water for 6 days. We observed that BaP (7, 12 and 18 µg/L) induced an increase of DNA strand break levels as soon as 6 h of exposure and that the two highest concentrations of BaP induced a low level of hOGG1-sensitive sites. After 2 days of depuration, BaP induced DNA lesions returned to the basal level, indicating an effective DNA repair. Cd (3, 32 and 81 µg/L) induced an increase of the DNA strand break levels and a low level of hOGG1-sensitive sites. This study revealed that BaP-induced DNA lesions are repaired more efficiently than Cd-induced DNA lesions. As the level of hOGG1 sensitive sites was increased in Cd and BaP exposed mussels, it seems that these chemicals induce 8-oxo-dG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Michel
- Unité de Recherches Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, IRSTEA, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761, Antony Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Vincent-Hubert
- Unité de Recherches Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, IRSTEA, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761, Antony Cedex, France.
- Laboratory of Microbiology-LNR, IFREMER, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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13
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Ben Salem Z, Drira Z, Ayadi H. What factors drive the variations of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities in the polluted southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11764-11780. [PMID: 25854209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities coupled with environmental factors in the southern coast of Sfax (central eastern coastline of Tunisia). Phytoplankton assemblages were dominated by Dinophyceae (69.99%) and Bacillariophyceae (15.88%). The ciliate community consisted of Spirotrichea with a dominance of Tintinnopsis beroidea (57.69%). The mesozooplankton community was dominated by copepods representing 66.12% of the total zooplankton. Oithona nana showed a high frequency mainly in stations 9 and 10 with 66.86 and 64.65%, respectively. Some toxic phytoplankton species were recorded in the present study site. For this reason, the pollution generated in this area presents a slight degradation of the water quality and can be responsible for the bloom generated by the high proliferation of these toxic microalgae. The pollution generated by industrial activities has an effect on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, ciliate and copepod communities with a reduction of their diversity indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ben Salem
- Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems UR/11ES72 Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences Research, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Street of Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1171, PO Box 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Huseynova IM, Aliyeva DR, Mammadov AC, Aliyev JA. Hydrogen peroxide generation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves and roots of wheat cultivars subjected to long-term soil drought stress. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:279-89. [PMID: 26008794 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and benzidine peroxidase, as well as the level of hydrogen peroxide in the vegetative organs of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars was studied under long-term soil drought conditions. It was established that hydrogen peroxide generation occurred at early stages of stress in the tolerant variety Barakatli-95, whereas in the susceptible variety Garagylchyg-2 its significant amounts were accumulated only at later stages. Garagylchyg-2 shows a larger reduction of photochemical activity of PS II in both genotypes at all stages of ontogenesis under drought stress than Barakatli-95. The highest activity of catalase which plays a leading role in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide was observed in the leaves and roots of the drought-tolerant variety Barakatli-95. Despite the fact that the protection system also includes peroxidases, the activity of these enzymes even after synthesis of their new portions is substantially lower compared with catalase. Native PAGE electrophoresis revealed the presence of one isoform of CAT, seven isoforms of APX, three isoforms of GPO, and three isoforms of BPO in the leaves, and also three isoforms of CAT, four isoforms of APX, two isoforms of GPO, and six isoforms of BPO in the roots of wheat. One isoform of CAT was found in the roots when water supply was normal and three isoforms were observed under drought conditions. Stress associated with long-term soil drought in the roots of wheat has led to an increase in the heterogeneity due to the formation of two new sedentary forms of catalase: CAT2 and CAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irada M Huseynova
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Biological Productivity, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 40 Badamdar Highway, Baku, 1073, Azerbaijan,
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15
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De Castro-Català N, Muñoz I, Armendáriz L, Campos B, Barceló D, López-Doval J, Pérez S, Petrovic M, Picó Y, Riera JL. Invertebrate community responses to emerging water pollutants in Iberian river basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:142-150. [PMID: 25042416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is one of the greatest threats to freshwater ecosystems, especially in Mediterranean watersheds, characterized by periodical low flows that may exacerbate chemical exposure. Different groups of emerging pollutants have been detected in these basins during the last decade. This study aims to identify the relationships between the presence and levels of prioritary and emerging pollutants (pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds--PhACs, Endocrine Disrupting Compounds EDCs and Perfluorinated Compounds--PFCs) and the invertebrate community in four Mediterranean basins: the Ebro, the Llobregat, the Júcar and the Guadalquivir. Structural (species composition and density) and functional (catalase activity of the tricopteran Hydropsyche exocellata and the feeding activity of the cladoceran Daphnia magna) variables were analyzed to determine which of the pollutants would greatly influence invertebrate responses. EDCs and conductivity, followed by PhACs, were the most important variables explaining the invertebrate density changes in the studied basins, showing a gradient of urban and industrial pollutions. Despite this general pattern observed in the four studied basins - impoverishment of species diversity and abundance change with pollution - some basins maintained certain differences. In the case of the Llobregat River, analgesics and anti-inflammatories were the significant pollutants explaining the invertebrate community distribution. In the Júcar River, fungicides were the main group of pollutants that were determining the structure of the invertebrate community. Functional biomarkers tended to decrease downstream in the four basins. Two groups of pollutants appeared to be significant predictors of the catalase activity in the model: EDCs and PhACs. This study provides evidence that the information given by functional biomarkers may complement the results found for the structural community descriptors, and allowed us to detect two emerging contaminant groups that are mainly affecting the invertebrate community in these basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N De Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Armendáriz
- Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA-CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120, 61 y 62, s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Campos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - J López-Doval
- Department of Ecology, Laboratorio de Limnologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. do Matao, Travessa 14, 321, Butanta, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - S Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona,Spain
| | - Y Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J L Riera
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Sellami B, Khazri A, Mezni A, Louati H, Dellali M, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H, Sheehan D. Effect of permethrin, anthracene and mixture exposure on shell components, enzymatic activities and proteins status in the Mediterranean clam Venerupis decussata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:22-32. [PMID: 25461742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene (ANT) and permethrin (PER) are two of the more toxic compounds reaching the marine environment. This study aimed to determine the impact of these molecules on Venerupis decussata, an economically important species cultured on the Tunisian coast. Shell structure and its possible transformation upon exposure to the two contaminants were studied by X-ray diffraction and gravimetric analyses. Results revealed a phase transition in shell composition from aragonite to calcite after PER exposure, to a mixture of PER and ANT (Mix) but not for ANT alone. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities were determined in digestive gland and gills after exposure to ANT, PER and Mix to assess the impact of the contamination on the oxidative status of V. decussata. Enzyme activities increased in the digestive gland after PER treatment and in the gills after ANT treatment. PER exposure significantly reduced the levels of free thiols and increased levels of carbonylated proteins in the digestive gland, as compared to controls. In contrast, ANT exposure significantly reduced free thiols and increased the number of carbonylated proteins in the gills. Mix induced additive effects as measured by both enzymatic and proteomic approaches. The present study suggests that PER has a strong effect on shell structure; that PER and ANT exposure generate compound-dependent oxidative stress in the tissues of V. decussata and that a mixture of the two compounds has synergistic effects on biochemical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Sellami
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelhafidh Khazri
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Amine Mezni
- Unit of Research 99/UR12-30, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Héla Louati
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Patricia Aissa
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - David Sheehan
- Environmental Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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17
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Ben Brahim M, Mabrouk L, Hamza A, Mahfoudi M, Bouain A, Aleya L. Bathymetric variation of epiphytic assemblages on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile leaves in relation to anthropogenic disturbance in the southeastern Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13588-13601. [PMID: 25023658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A survey of the epiphytic leaves of Posidonia oceanica was conducted along a depth transect at both the control station Attaya in the Kerkennah Islands and the disturbed Mahres station on the Sfax coast (Tunisia). Samples were collected by scuba divers at depths of 5, 10, 15, and 20 m in July 2008. We evaluated whether the pattern of spatial variability of the macroepiphyte assemblages of leaves of Posidonia oceanica differed in relation to anthropogenic interference. The results indicate that the decrease in shoot density and leaf length according to depth was low at Mahres. The biomass of epiphytic leaves and the percentage cover of epiphytic assemblages decreased with depth for both stations and heavily at Mahres, this decline being related to anthropogenic disturbance. This study shows that the highest values of epifauna and epiflora were detected at the disturbed station Mahres. Macroalgae assemblages decreased with depth at both stations and were dominated by Rhodophyta, whereas the percentage cover of the epifauna leaf that decreases according to depth was dominated by Hydrozoa and Bryozoa. Changes in epiphyte assemblages, epiphytic biomass, percentage cover, and species richness in proportion to Heterokontophyta, Rhodophyta, Cyanobacteria, Hydrozoa, Porifera, and Tunicata between the two stations constitute promising tools for detecting environmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ben Brahim
- Faculté des Sciences Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 3.5, BP 802, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Kourdali S, Badis A, Boucherit A. Degradation of direct yellow 9 by electro-Fenton: process study and optimization and, monitoring of treated water toxicity using catalase. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:110-120. [PMID: 25216029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the degradation and removal of direct yellow 9 (DY9) by the electro-Fenton (EF) process in batch reactor using iron and stainless steel electrodes. DY9 removal decreased with the increase in pH (3 to 8) and increased with the increase in current intensity (0.05 to 0.2A) and [H2O2] (0 to 0.5gL(-1), but not with high doses which led to low rates of DY9 removal and OH(∙) uptake). The regression quadratic models describing DY9 degradation yield "R (percent)" and electrical energy consumption "EEC (kWhkg(-1))" were validated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were both noted to fit well with the experimental data. The R(2) correlation coefficients (0.995, 0.978), those adjusted coefficients (0.986, 0.939), and F values (110.7, 24.9) obtained for the responses validated the efficiency of model. The results revealed that among several other parameters, EEC depended essentially on the degradation yield. The eco-toxicity tests showed a positive correlation between catalase activity and DY9 concentration, and catalase could be qualitatively identified to assess the effect of dye and its by-products generated during the EF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidali Kourdali
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Saàd Dahlab at Blida, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria; Laboratory of Natural Substances Chemistry and Biomolecules, University of Saàd Dahlab at Blida, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria; National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, Bousmail (W. Tipaza), Algeria.
| | - Abdelmalek Badis
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Saàd Dahlab at Blida, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria; Laboratory of Natural Substances Chemistry and Biomolecules, University of Saàd Dahlab at Blida, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria; National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, Bousmail (W. Tipaza), Algeria
| | - Ahmed Boucherit
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Saàd Dahlab at Blida, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
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Dedeh A, Ciutat A, Tran D, Bourdineaud JP. DNA alterations triggered by environmentally relevant polymetallic concentrations in marine clams Ruditapes philippinarum and polychaete worms Hediste diversicolor. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:651-658. [PMID: 24998356 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We exposed marine clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and aquatic worms (Hediste diversicolor) to environmentally relevant concentrations of two metal mixtures each containing three divalent metals [(C₁ in µg/L) cadmium (Cd) 1, mercury (Hg) 0.1, and lead (Pb) 4] and [C₂ in µg/L) Cd 17, Hg 1.1, and Pb 55]. Animals collected in the Arcachon Bay were exposed for 8 days in microcosms made up of a mixed biotope consisting of a water column and natural marine sediment both taken up from the Arcachon Bay. Bioaccumulation analysis showed a significant increase of Cd, Hg, and Pb in clams, particularly at C₂ concentration in the water column reaching, in soft body, 2.3 ± 0.3 µg Cd/g, 0.7 ± 0.2 µg Hg/g, and 45 µg Pb/g dry weight (dw). DNA alterations and upregulation of the cox1 mitochondrial gene were also observed in clam gill after exposure to the metal blend. For worms exposed to the C₂ metal blend, DNA alterations and significant increase of Cd and Hg concentrations were observed reaching 0.5 ± 0.1 µg Cd/g and 2 ± 0.6 µg Hg/g dw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dedeh
- CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon Marine Station, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France,
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20
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Rjeibi M, Metian M, Hajji T, Guyot T, Ben Chaouacha-Chékir R, Bustamante P. Interspecific and geographical variations of trace metal concentrations in cephalopods from Tunisian waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:3767-3783. [PMID: 24562415 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of six metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were investigated and compared in three tissues (arms, digestive gland, and mantle) of three cephalopod species from the Tunisian waters: the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), and the European squid (Loligo vulgaris). Whatever the species or the sites, the digestive gland displayed the highest concentrations of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, highlighting its major role in their bioaccumulation and detoxification. This is also true for Hg but only for the digestive gland of O. vulgaris. Muscle from the arms and the mantle contained thus relatively low trace metal concentrations except for Hg in L. vulgaris and S. officinalis. Geographic comparison of metal concentrations in Tunisian cephalopods from three locations indicates that higher concentrations of Ag, Pb, and Hg were observed in cephalopods from northern and eastern coasts, whereas the highest Cd levels were detected in the southeastern, reflecting different conditions of exposure. Comparing the trace element concentrations between species, Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn concentrations were the highest in the digestive gland of octopuses. This may be related to the differences in ecological features and swimming behavior among different cephalopod species. Effects of length and sex on metal levels were also considered, indicating a limited influence of sex on metal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Rjeibi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Campus, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia,
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21
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Sellami B, Khazri A, Louati H, Boufahja F, Dellali M, Sheehan D, Aissa P, Driss MR, Mahmoudi E, Beyrem H. Effects of permethrin on biomarkers in Mediterranean clams (Ruditapes decussatus). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 92:574-578. [PMID: 24519478 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the assessment of Catalase (CAT) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in Mediterranean clams (Ruditapes decussatus) exposed to 50, 100 and 150 μg/L of Permethrin for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. In water, the measured concentrations of Permethrin in the treated aquariums were respectively 16.66, 38.24 and 55.61 μg/L. Results showed that CAT activity was increased after 5 days of exposure to high concentration reaching maximum value of 10.14 μmol/min/mg proteins after 25 days. However, no significant changes in AChE activity after 5 days of exposure were detected in all treated groups. AChE activity was significantly inhibited after 10 days with 100 and 150 μg/L and still depending on concentration and time. Maximum inhibition of AChE activity was reached after 25 days with the highest concentration of Permethrin. Our data indicated that exposure to Permethrin modifies biomarker profiles inducing oxidative stress and reducing AChE activity in Mediterranean clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sellami
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerta, Tunisia,
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Sellami B, Louati H, Dellali M, Aissa P, Mahmoudi E, Coelho AV, Sheehan D. Effects of permethrin exposure on antioxidant enzymes and protein status in Mediterranean clams Ruditapes decussatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4461-4472. [PMID: 24337996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of permethrin (PER) on a panel of antoxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and indices of protein oxidation status (carbonylation and free thiols) were determined in digestive gland and gills of the clam Ruditapes decussatus. Animals were exposed to 100 ppb PER for 2 days. These enzyme activities increased significantly in digestive gland (p<0.05) after PER treatment and oxidative modification of proteins was detected in both gill and digestive gland extracts using redox proteomics. PER exposure significantly reduced the amount of protein free thiol groups in digestive gland rather than in gill, when compared to controls. Conversely, digestive gland showed significantly higher levels of carbonylated proteins than gill after PER exposure. Some proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. Our data suggest that digestive gland of R. decussatus can be used as a model tissue for investigating environmental risk of PER contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Sellami
- Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Ben-Khedher S, Jebali J, Kamel N, Banni M, Rameh M, Jrad A, Boussetta H. Biochemical effects in crabs (Carcinus maenas) and contamination levels in the Bizerta Lagoon: an integrated approach in biomonitoring of marine complex pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2616-2631. [PMID: 22976048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical effects in Carcinus maenas and contamination levels in seawater and sediments of Bizerta Lagoon (northeast of Tunisia) were investigated. The levels of metals and hydrocarbons were higher in seawater and sediments in Menzel Bourguiba and Cimentery in February and July than in the other sampling sites. Differences among sites for glutathione S-transferase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase activities, and the content of lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins in two important organs which accumulated contaminants (the gills and the digestive gland) of the C. maenas were found and possibly related to differences in metal and hydrocarbon levels. The seasonal variation of biomarkers was possibly associated with chemical contamination and also with the high fluctuation of physico-chemical characteristics of the sites. The integrated biomarker response values found in the five sites is in good agreement with hydrocarbon and trace metal concentrations detected in the water and sediments of the stressful places where crabs are living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ben-Khedher
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
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Jebali J, Chicano-Gálvez E, Banni M, Guerbej H, Boussetta H, López-Barea J, Alhama J. Biochemical responses in seabream (Sparus aurata) caged in-field or exposed to benzo(a)pyrene and paraquat. Characterization of glutathione S-transferases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 88:169-177. [PMID: 23237588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) specimens were caged in-field at the Téboulba harbour or exposed to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] or to paraquat [PQ] plus B(a)P, and several biochemical biomarker responses were investigated. Antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, significantly increased in the in-field and B(a)P+PQ exposures, but were only moderately affected by B(a)P alone. Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases significantly diminished after in-field exposure. Different responses with biotransformation enzymes were observed: the P4501A-associated EROD activity was highly induced in response to B(a)P and B(a)P+PQ exposures, while total activity of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) was similar to control. However, after purification of the GST proteins by affinity chromatograpy and analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis, nineteen highly reproducible isoforms were resolved. In addition, some of reproducible isoforms showed different and specific expression patterns in response to contaminants. Thus, proteomic analysis of the purified GST subunits is a reliable tool for ecotoxicological research, useful in polluted marine ecosystem as an effective biomarker of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042-Sousse, Tunisia.
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25
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Cravo A, Lopes B, Serafim A, Company R, Barreira L, Gomes T, Bebianno MJ. Spatial and seasonal biomarker responses in the clamRuditapes decussatus. Biomarkers 2012; 18:30-43. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.730549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Kamel N, Jebali J, Banni M, Ben Khedher S, Chouba L, Boussetta H. Biochemical responses and metals levels in Ruditapes decussatus after exposure to treated municipal effluents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 82:40-46. [PMID: 22664226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the responses of biochemical biomarkers and metals levels in Ruditapes decussatus exposed to the increasing concentrations of treated municipal effluents (TME) discharged into the Tunisian coastal area. Clams were exposed to 0%, 1%, 3% and 10% for 7 and 14 day and the following biochemical responses were measured: (1) catalase activity and lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) as oxidative stress biomarkers, (2) gluthathione S-transferase (GST) activity as a phase II conjugation enzyme; (3) cholinesterase activity (ChE) as biomarker of neurotoxicity, and (4) metallothioneins as a proteins highly induced by heavy metals. A significant uptake of Cu, Cd and Zn in digestive gland and serious biochemical alterations were observed. Thus, exposure of clams to croissant concentration of TME have the potential to increase the oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, CAT activity) and MT levels; and decrease ChE activity in both gills and digestive gland. Current experimental results suggest that CAT, GST, ChE activities and MT and TBARs levels in gills and digestive gland of clam R. decussatus are sensitive and suitable responses for assessing the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on the aquatic ecosystems, particularly effluent complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Kamel
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042-Sousse, Tunisia
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Michel C, Vincent-Hubert F. Detection of 8-oxodG in Dreissena polymorpha gill cells exposed to model contaminants. Mutat Res 2011; 741:1-6. [PMID: 22009068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic end-points are routinely measured in various sentinel organisms in aquatic environments in order to monitor the impact of water pollution on organisms. As a first step towards the evaluation of oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) in organisms exposed to chemical water pollution, we have optimized the association between the comet assay and the hOGG1 enzyme for use on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) gill cells by in vitro exposure to H₂O₂. Firstly, we observed that in vitro exposure of D. polymorpha gill cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 98.4nM) induced an increase of the Olive Tail Moment (OTM) in both the comet-hOGG1 and comet-Fpg assays, indicating that B[a]P causes oxidative DNA damage. By contrast, methylmethane sulfonate (MMS, 33μM) only induced an increase of the Fpg-sensitive sites, indicating that MMS caused alkylating DNA damage and confirming that hOGG1 does not detect alkylating damage. Thus, the hOGG1 enzyme seems to be more specific towards oxidative DNA damage, such as 8-oxodG than Fpg. Secondly, as was observed in vitro, the in vivo exposure of D. polymorpha to B[a]P (24.6 and 98.4nM) increased oxidative DNA damage in gill cells, whereas only Fpg-sensitive sites were detected in mussels exposed to MMS (240μM). These results show that the comet-hOGG1 assay detects oxidative DNA lesions induced in vitro by H₂O₂ and in vivo with BaP. The comet-hOGG1 assay will be used to detect oxidative DNA lesions (8-oxodG) in mussels exposed in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Michel
- CEMAGREF, Unité de Recherches Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France.
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28
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Nogueira L, Rodrigues ACF, Trídico CP, Fossa CE, de Almeida EA. Oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi) exposed to diesel oil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 180:243-255. [PMID: 21108001 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Considering that diesel oil is one of the most common aquatic contaminants, we compare the oxidative stress between two species of fish with different habitats (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, benthic and Oreochromis niloticus, nektonic) exposed to diesel oil. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) and the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase were all analyzed in the fishes' livers and gills after 2 and 7 days of exposure to different concentrations of diesel (0.1 and 0.5 mL/L). In the tilapia, MDA levels and the activities of EROD and GST activity in the liver, as well as MDA levels and the activities of GST and SOD in the gill had statistically significant differences between the treatments and between the times of exposure. For the catfish, the same occurred in the case of MDA, EROD, and SOD in the liver and in CAT and SOD in the gills. There were significant differences in the enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation between the species. Although the activity of most enzymes seemed to be more expressive and responsive to diesel in O. niloticus, diesel oil also caused significant effects on oxidative stress parameters in P. anisitsi, even though this species is benthic and thus has less access to insoluble fractions of diesel oil. Therefore, both species can be used as sentinel organisms in environmental biomonitoring of diesel contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Nogueira
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, IBILCE/UNESP, R. Cristóvão Colombo 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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29
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Vincent-Hubert F, Arini A, Gourlay-Francé C. Early genotoxic effects in gill cells and haemocytes of Dreissena polymorpha exposed to cadmium, B[a]P and a combination of B[a]P and Cd. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jebali J, Ben-Khedher S, Ghedira J, Kamel N, Boussetta H. Integrated assessment of biochemical responses in Mediterranean crab (Carcinus maenas) collected from Monastir Bay, Tunisia. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1714-1720. [PMID: 22432268 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical response of Mediteranean Crab (Carcinus maenas) collected at five stations of Monastir Bay and from Kuriat station as control was studied using a set of complementary biomarkers. The catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, acetycholinesterase activities; and metallothionein and malonediladehyde levels in gills were evaluated. Results revealed differences among sites in relation to each specific biomarker. Hence, a suite of biomarkers can be used to discriminate sampling sites according to types of pollution, reflecting differing conditions of anthropogenic impact. Based on Integrated Biomarker Response, the highest values and critical biochemical alteration were observed at Khniss and Ksibat in response to urban and industrial discharges and the lowest IBR value was found at reference site. The current study has shown clearly that a biomarker-based index is usefulness tool in the monitoring Tunisian coast using C. maenas as sentinel specie. Further studies in progress to investigate the seasonal variations of IBR levels and its relationship to pollutants concentrations in the sediment, gills and digestive gland of Carcinus maenas from Monastir Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Jebali
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042-Sousse, Tunisia.
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Bouraoui Z, Banni M, Chouba L, Ghedira J, Clerandeau C, Jebali J, Narbonne JF, Boussetta H. Monitoring pollution in Tunisian coasts using a scale of classification based on biochemical markers in worms Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 164:691-700. [PMID: 19404756 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to assess the marine environment quality along the Tunisian coasts using a statistical approach based on biomarkers response in the polychaete worms Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor. Worms were collected from six sites: Bizerta Lagoon, Gargour, Nakta, Mahres, Skhira and from Teboulba considered as a reference site. The biomarkers selected in this work were (1) the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent NADPH cytochrome c reductase (NADPH red) as phase I enzyme, (2) glutathione S-transferase as phase II enzyme and (3) the acetylcholinesterase activity as neurotoxicity marker. Oxidative stress was evaluated using catalase activity and malondialdehyde accumulation. For each biomarker, a discriminatory factor was calculated and a response index was allocated. For each site, a multi-marker pollution index was calculated as the sum of the response index of each of the five more discriminating biomarkers. The results show differences between sites compared with the reference samples. The multi-marker approach confirms that worms from Bizerta and Mahress have been submitted to highly polluted environment. Mahress shows the highest multi-marker pollution index, indicating a highly contamination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Bouraoui
- Laboratoiry of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
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Ghedira J, Jebali J, Bouraoui Z, Banni M, Guerbej H, Boussetta H. Metallothionein and metal levels in liver, gills and kidney of Sparus aurata exposed to sublethal doses of cadmium and copper. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:101-107. [PMID: 19082751 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The levels of metallothionein (MT), a biomarker of metal exposure, and of Cd and Cu, known as MT inducers, were investigated in Sparus aurata intraperitoneally injected with 500 microg/kg of Cu and Cd for 2 days. MT and metal concentrations (Cd and Cu) were determined in liver, gills and kidney. MT levels were significantly increased in all investigated tissues, with the highest value in liver of Cu as Cd-treated fishes (3.56-fold and 3.3- fold, respectively). Metal concentrations were statistically different between all tissues. Highest metal concentrations were in the liver. The higher metal concentrations and MT induction levels support the main role of MT in metal homeostasis and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghedira
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut Supérieur d'Agronomie de Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
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Bouraoui Z, Banni M, Ghedira J, Clerandeau C, Narbonne JF, Boussetta H. Evaluation of enzymatic biomarkers and lipoperoxidation level in Hediste diversicolor exposed to copper and benzo[a]pyrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1893-1898. [PMID: 19501399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure to copper, benzo[a]pyrene, and to their mixture on enzymatic and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in Hediste diversicolor. Worms were submitted to 1 microM of both single compounds and to their mixture during a period of test of 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The biomarkers selected in this work were the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent NADPH cytochrome c reductase (NADPH red) as phase I enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as phase II enzyme, and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as neurotoxicity marker. Oxidative stress was evaluated using catalase activity (CAT) and malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA). The NADPH red activity was not significantly affected by copper exposure; it shows a drastic increase in both B[a]P and mixture-exposed organisms. GST activities were significant in B[a]P-exposed worms only after 36 h, and in animals exposed to the mixture after 12 and 48 h. The ACHE activity was inhibited only in B[a]P-exposed worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut Supérieur Agronomique, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
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Gagné F, Martín-Díaz ML, Blaise C. Immune- and Pollution-mediated DNA Damage in Two Wild Mya arenaria Clam Populations. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/bci.s2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, genotoxicity results from the effects of pollution combined with the inflammatory response triggered by the immune system. Indeed, the production of nitrosylated DNA and proteins are though to arise from the production of peroxinitrite during phagocytosis and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine new DNA biomarkers that differentiate between immune- and pollution-mediated genotoxicity in wild clam populations. Intertidal clam populations were sampled and analyzed for gonadal DNA strand breaks, DNA nitrosylation and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity (purine salvage pathway). The clam weight-to-shell-length ratio, the gonado-somatic index (GSI), age status, lipid peroxidation, xenobiotic conjugation activity (glutathione S-transferase (GST) and phagocytic activity were examined to shed light on their relationships with the observed genotoxic endpoints. XOR activity and DNA strand breaks were generally elevated at polluted sites and correlated significantly with clam weight-to-shell-length ratios and DNA nitrosylation. DNA nitrosylation was also higher at some sites and correlated significantly with phagocytic activity and with DNA strand breaks. This study showed that DNA strand breaks were associated with both immune-and pollution-mediated effects. This suggests that there is a loss of DNA repair capacity due to the combined effects of aging, pollution and immune response in wild clam populations that are impacted by anthropogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gagné
- Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Environment Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M. Laura Martín-Díaz
- Cátedra UNESCO/UNITWIN/WiCop, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Christian Blaise
- Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Environment Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Banni M, Bouraoui Z, Ghedira J, Clearandeau C, Jebali J, Boussetta H. Seasonal variation of oxidative stress biomarkers in clams Ruditapes decussatus sampled from Tunisian coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 155:119-128. [PMID: 18594996 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seven (7) sites from to the Tunisian coastal area were monitored through four seasons using several oxidative stress biomarkers including lipid peroxidation. Catalase (CAT) specific activity was determined in clam Ruditapes decussatus digestive gland. Lipid peroxidation was assessed in the same tissues using malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, neutral lipid (NL) and lipofuscin accumulation. Results show that catalase specific activity varies between sites and fluctuates in time. The highest CAT activities were recorded in sites from Bizerta Lagoon and sites neighbouring Sfax city. Malondialdehyde accumulation in digestive gland cells seems to be very pronounced in animals sampled in summer and autumn. Digestive gland sections of clams sampled from reported heavy metal polluted sites exhibited higher volume density of residual bodies. Our results showed that the neutral lipids and lipofuscin content in clam's digestive gland are more sensitive to general stress as compared to other biomarkers, and could be used successfully in clams as early warning tools in field biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Banni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut Supérieur Agronomique, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Douhri H, Sayah F. The use of enzymatic biomarkers in two marine invertebrates Nereis diversicolor and Patella vulgata for the biomonitoring of Tangier's bay (Morocco). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:394-399. [PMID: 18786724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fast increase of anthropogenic activities has led to a continual influx of xenobiotics into the marine ecosystems. Quantifying biochemical parameters in marine invertebrates makes possible the evaluation of pollutants' damaging effect. In fact, to examine the health state of Tangier's bay, we focused on the study of catalase, esterase, acetylcholinesterase and alpha-amylase activities as biomarkers in two species of marine invertebrates Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta, Nereidae) and Patella vulgata (Mollusca, Prosobranchia), collected from different sites along the Mediterranean coastline of Tangier. Our results showed that these biochemical parameters are disturbed following the level of decreasing environmental quality, and for this reason they are promising in the biomonitoring studies of the Moroccan marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmat Douhri
- Pôle d'Excellence Régional, Centre des Etudes Environnementales Méditerranéennes, Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée & Sciences de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco.
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Ghedira J, Jebali J, Bouraoui Z, Banni M, Chouba L, Boussetta H. Acute effects of chlorpyryphos-ethyl and secondary treated effluents on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in Carcinus maenas. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:1467-1472. [PMID: 20000004 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (Dursban) and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent (STIUE) exposure on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 microg/L, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 microg/L of commercial preparation Dursban. The exposure of crabs to Dursban (3.12 microg/L) showed a significant decrement of AChE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. maenas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous (OP) and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Ghedira
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia.
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