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Sun L, Sun B, Zhang Y, Chen K. Kinetic properties of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and inhibition effects of several metal ions on enzymatic activity in vitro and cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5806. [PMID: 38461203 PMCID: PMC10924972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the non-degradable and persistent nature of metal ions in the environment, they are released into water bodies, where they accumulate in fish. In order to assess pollution in fish, the enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), has been employed as a biomarker due to sensitivity to various ions. This study investigates the kinetic properties of the G6PD enzyme in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and analyzes the effects of these metal ions on the G6PD enzyme activity in the ovarian cell line (CCO) of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). IC50 values and inhibition types of G6PD were determined in the metal ions Cu2+, Al3+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. While, the inhibition types of Cu2+ and Al3+ were the competitive inhibition, Zn2+ and Cd2+ were the linear mixed noncompetitive and linear mixed competitive, respectively. In vitro experiments revealed an inverse correlation between G6PD activity and metal ion concentration, mRNA levels and enzyme activity of G6PD increased at the lower metal ion concentration and decreased at the higher concentration. Our findings suggest that metal ions pose a significant threat to G6PD activity even at low concentrations, potentially playing a crucial role in the toxicity mechanism of metal ion pollution. This information contributes to the development of a biomonitoring tool for assessing metal ion contamination in aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Kitchin KT, Richards JA, Robinette BL, Wallace KA, Coates NH, Castellon BT, Grulke EA. Biochemical effects of copper nanomaterials in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2311-2329. [PMID: 35877023 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In dose-response and structure-activity studies, human hepatic HepG2 cells were exposed for 3 days to nano Cu, nano CuO or CuCl2 (ions) at doses between 0.1 and 30 ug/ml (approximately the no observable adverse effect level to a high degree of cytotoxicity). Various biochemical parameters were then evaluated to study cytotoxicity, cell growth, hepatic function, and oxidative stress. With nano Cu and nano CuO, few indications of cytotoxicity were observed between 0.1 and 3 ug/ml. In respect to dose, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase were the most sensitive cytotoxicity parameters. The next most responsive parameters were alanine aminotransferase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and protein concentration. The medium responsive parameters were superoxide dismutase, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, total bilirubin, and microalbumin. The parameters glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and protein were all altered by nano Cu and nano CuO but not by CuCl2 exposures. Our chief observations were (1) significant decreases in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase was observed at doses below the doses that show high cytotoxicity, (2) even high cytotoxicity did not induce large changes in some study parameters (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, catalase, microalbumin, total bilirubin, thioredoxin reductase, and triglycerides), (3) even though many significant biochemical effects happen only at doses showing varying degrees of cytotoxicity, it was not clear that cytotoxicity alone caused all of the observed significant biochemical effects, and (4) the decreased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase support the view that oxidative stress is a main toxicity pathway of CuCl2 and Cu-containing nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk T Kitchin
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 Alexander Drive, Mail Drop B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Judy A Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Brian L Robinette
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 Alexander Drive, Mail Drop B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Kathleen A Wallace
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 Alexander Drive, Mail Drop B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Najwa H Coates
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Benjamin T Castellon
- Institute of Biomedical Studies and Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Eric A Grulke
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 20506-0046, USA
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3
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Chen Y, Cheng B, Liu Y, Bai Y, Yang X, Xu S. Metabolic responses of golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita) after acute exposure to waterborne copper. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106236. [PMID: 35842982 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad knowledge of copper-induced stress and toxicity, data on the physiological responses to acute copper exposure and the correlation of those activities to a generalized stress response are still limited. The present study aimed to assess the physiological responses of golden trout to overcome copper stress at concentrations of 60 µg/L and 120 µg/L after 96 h, respectively. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and NADPH/NADP+ ratio were significantly increased, and metabolites including glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate and fatty acids significantly accumulated in fish liver, indicating that gluconeogenesis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, as well as alteration of the membrane fatty acid composition were activated to serve as a defense mechanism against 60 µg/L of copper after 96 h. After exposure to 120 µg/L of copper for 96 h, the NAD+ and ATP contents, the activities of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (phosphofructokinase, PFK and pyruvate kinase, PK) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I decreased significantly in fish liver. In addition, carbohydrates and MDA accumulated in golden trout after 120 µg/L copper treatment. These results indicated that 120 µg/L of copper exposure may induce a metabolic stress in golden trout after 96 h. The multi-marker approach allows us to reach a greater understanding of the effects of copper on physiological responses of golden trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China
| | - Yucen Bai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, No.54 Sanlihe Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100045, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Shaogang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China.
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4
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Zhu Y, Liu L, Tan D, Sun W, Ke Q, Yue X, Bai B. S-desulfurization: A different covalent modification mechanism from persulfidation by GSH. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:54-65. [PMID: 33711417 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational transformation of cysteine residues to persulfides, known as protein S-sulfhydration or persulfidation, is a beneficial H2S signaling mechanism. In this paper, we found that GSH is bound to active cysteine sites of protein by S-desulfurization, which is a new covalent modification mechanism of protein, thus regulating catalytic activity. Here, we provide direct evidence that GSH modifies the reactive cysteine residues of four enzymes (alliinase/D-LDH/ADH/G6PD) and generates protein-SG or protein-SSG derivatives by S-desulfurization. S-desulfurization, α-carbon nucleophilic substitution or thiol-disulfide exchange occurs and H2S is released as a by-product. S-desulfurization is the opposite of persulfidation in terms of H2S production/consumption and enzyme inhibition/mitigation. Here, we elucidated the GSH mechanisms and H2S mechanisms in the enzyme-metabolite system and the beneficial roles of persulfidation and S-desulfurization. These theoretical findings are now shedding light on understanding GSH and H2S molecular functions and providing new theoretical basis for them in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Zhu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dehong Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qin Ke
- Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024005, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Bing Bai
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Ma JL, Qiang J, Tao YF, Bao JW, Zhu HJ, Li LG, Xu P. Multi-omics analysis reveals the glycolipid metabolism response mechanism in the liver of genetically improved farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) under hypoxia stress. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:105. [PMID: 33549051 PMCID: PMC7866651 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water is a vital abiotic factor in aquatic animal farming. A hypoxic environment affects the growth, metabolism, and immune system of fish. Glycolipid metabolism is a vital energy pathway under acute hypoxic stress, and it plays a significant role in the adaptation of fish to stressful environments. In this study, we used multi-omics integrative analyses to explore the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). RESULTS The 96 h median lethal hypoxia (96 h-LH50) for GIFT was determined by linear interpolation. We established control (DO: 5.00 mg/L) groups (CG) and hypoxic stress (96 h-LH50: 0.55 mg/L) groups (HG) and extracted liver tissues for high-throughput transcriptome and metabolome sequencing. A total of 581 differentially expressed (DE) genes and 93 DE metabolites were detected between the CG and the HG. Combined analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the insulin signaling pathway were down-regulated, the pentose phosphate pathway was activated, and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism were up-regulated in GIFT under hypoxia stress. CONCLUSIONS The results show that lipid metabolism became the primary pathway in GIFT under acute hypoxia stress. Our findings reveal the changes in metabolites and gene expression that occur under hypoxia stress, and shed light on the regulatory pathways that function under such conditions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to devise strategies to decrease the damage caused by hypoxia stress in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Lian-Ge Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081 China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081 China
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6
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Qi M, Wu Q, Liu T, Hou Y, Miao Y, Hu M, Liu Q. Hepatopancreas Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals Physiological Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Juvenile Qingtian Paddy Field Carp Cyprinus carpio var qingtianensis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1110. [PMID: 33041847 PMCID: PMC7518031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qingtian paddy field carp (Cyprinus carpio var qingtianensis) is a local carp cultivated in the rice field of Qingtian county, Zhejiang province, China. Its high tolerance to hypoxia makes it an ideal organism for studying the molecular regulation mechanism during hypoxia process as well as reoxygenation following hypoxia in fish. In this study, we counted the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) altered during hypoxic exposure and reoxygenation process. The results indicated that 2236 genes (1506 up-regulated genes and 730 down-regulated genes) were differentially expressed between the control and hypoxic groups. The results from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that 1152 of 2236 genes were enriched, and those genes participated in energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, acceleration of cell apoptosis, inhibition of growth, and other processes. We found activation of the pentose phosphate pathway in hypoxia treatment, suggesting that carbohydrates not only provide energy for metabolism but also provide NADPH for protecting the body from oxidative damage and ribosomes for promoting RNA synthesis. During reoxygenation, 4509 genes (1865 up-regulated genes and 2644 down-regulated genes) were differentially expressed. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that 2392 of 4509 genes were enriched, and participated in pyruvate and lactic acid metabolism, synthesis of amino acids and lipids, inhibition of cell apoptosis, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and other processes. These differentially expressed genes effectively alleviate the body acidosis and promote the normal growth and development of the body. Through the analysis of KEGG pathway enrichment, we observed that the physiological regulation of Qingtian paddy field carp during the processes of hypoxia and reoxygenation is not a simple and reversible process. This work first reported the adaptive mechanism of hypoxia and the recovery mechanism of reoxygenation after hypoxia in common carp, and also provided new insights for the physiological regulation of fish under hypoxia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Hou
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Miao
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qigen Liu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Guo H, Lin W, Wu X, Wang L, Zhang D, Li L, Li D, Tang R, Yang L, Qiu Y. Survival strategies of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles for chronic ammonia exposure: Antioxidant defense and the synthesis of urea and glutamine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108707. [PMID: 31953219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) survive and defend against the toxicity of ambient total ammonia nitrogen (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L TA-N) during 30-day exposure. As a result, hepatic malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation as well as histopathological alterations increased with increasing TA-N level, which suggested that chronic ammonia exposure caused oxidative stress and damage in the liver of fish. Meanwhile, the activities of hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn sod, cat, gpx and g6pd were elevated significantly along with significant reduction of glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (P < 0.05). These results indicated that hepatic antioxidant responses were activated to alleviate oxidative damages induced by ammonia, in which lower-concentration ammonia only initiate SOD-CAT-GR-G6PDH defense and higher ammonia activated the SOD-CAT-GPx-GSH-GR-G6PDH antioxidant response. In addition, significant increases of serum urea and hepatic ammonia, urea, glutamine, arginase as well as glutamine synthetase were detected with the increase of TA-N (P < 0.05), while serum ammonia levels kept stable (P > 0.05). The present findings further revealed that ammonia could be detoxified directly into glutamine and urea in Wuchang bream to cope with ammonia exposure. In conclusion, under chronic ammonia exposure, enhanced hepatic antioxidant responses as well as increased urea and glutamine synthesis worked in combination to allow Megalobrama amblycephala to defend against environmental ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xueyang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lingkai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuming Qiu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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8
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TranNgoc K, Pham N, Lee C, Jang SH. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Psychrophilic Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1362. [PMID: 30889888 PMCID: PMC6471386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (EC 1.1.1.363) is a crucial regulatory enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that provides reductive potential in the form of NADPH, as well as carbon skeletons for the synthesis of macromolecules. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of G6PD (SpG6PD1) from a lichen-associated psychrophilic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621. SpG6PD1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein, having optimum activity at pH 7.5⁻8.5 and 30 °C for NADP⁺ and 20 °C for NAD⁺. SpG6PD1 utilized both NADP⁺ and NAD⁺, with the preferential utilization of NADP⁺. A high Km value for glucose 6-phosphate and low activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) compared with the values of mesophilic counterparts indicate the psychrophilic nature of SpG6PD1. Despite the secondary structure of SpG6PD1 being maintained between 4⁻40 °C, its activity and tertiary structure were better preserved between 4⁻20 °C. The results of this study indicate that the SpG6PD1 that has a flexible structure is most suited to a psychrophilic bacterium that is adapted to a permanently cold habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet TranNgoc
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Nhung Pham
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Sei-Heon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
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9
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Jiang GZ, Shi HJ, Xu C, Zhang DD, Liu WB, Li XF. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and the responsiveness to dietary carbohydrate levels. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:401-415. [PMID: 30225750 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from Megalobrama amblycephala with its responses to dietary carbohydrate levels characterized. The cDNA obtained covered 2768 bp with an open reading frame of 1572 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (77-97%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The highest transcription of G6PD was observed in kidney followed by liver, whereas relatively low abundance was detected in eye. Then, the transcriptions and activities of G6PD as well as lipid contents were determined in the liver, muscle, and the adipose tissue of fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (30 and 42%) for 12 weeks. Hepatic transcriptions of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were also measured to corroborate the lipogenesis derived from carbohydrates. The G6PD expressions and activities in both liver and the adipose tissue as well as the lipid contents in whole-body, liver, and the adipose tissue all increased significantly after high-carbohydrate feeding. Hepatic transcriptions of FAS, ACCα, SREBP1, and PPARγ were also up-regulated remarkably by the intake of a high-carbohydrate diet. These results indicated that the G6PD of M. amblycephala shared a high similarity with that of other vertebrates. Its expressions and activities in tissues were both highly inducible by high-carbohydrate feeding, as also held true for the transcriptions of other enzymes and/or transcription factors involved in lipogenesis, evidencing an enhanced lipogenesis by high dietary carbohydrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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10
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KUZU M, ÖZKAYA A, ŞAHİN Z, DAĞ Ü, ÇOMAKLI V, DEMİRDAĞ R. In Vivo Effects of Naringenin and Lead on Rat Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:9-12. [PMID: 32454588 PMCID: PMC7227992 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme catalyses the reversible reactions of CO2 with water and takes part in metabolically important events such as systemic acid-base regulation and respiration. In this study, in vivo effects of lead, which is a heavy metal and to which living beings are exposed by different ways, with naringenin, a flavanone, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, four different rat groups were established and one of them was chosen as the control group. The other three groups were given lead, naringenin and lead+naringenin substances to analyze the changes in the CA enzyme of rat erythrocytes. RESULTS The research findings showed that the enzyme activity in the control group was higher than that in the other groups. The naringenin group showed the highest inhibition effect, while the lead group showed the lowest inhibition. CONCLUSION Therefore, it can be said that naringenin is a strong inhibitor of the CA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm KUZU
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ahmet ÖZKAYA
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Zafer ŞAHİN
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Turkey
| | - Üzeyir DAĞ
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Veysel ÇOMAKLI
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ramazan DEMİRDAĞ
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ağrı, Turkey
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Li Z, Jiang N, Yang K, Zheng J. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a thermostable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. Extremophiles 2016; 20:149-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Purification and Characterization of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase, and Glutathione Reductase from Rat Heart and Inhibition Effects of Furosemide, Digoxin, and Dopamine on the Enzymes Activities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:295-301. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Adem S, Ciftci M. Purification and biochemical characterization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase from rat lung and inhibition effects of some antibiotics. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1342-8. [PMID: 26758606 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1132711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G6PD, 6PGD and GR have been purified separately in the single step from rat lung using 2', 5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified enzymes showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated to be 134 kDa for G6PD, 107 kDa for 6PGD and 121 kDa for GR by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography, and the subunit molecular weights was respectively found to be 66, 52 and 63 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Optimum pH, stable pH, optimum ionic strength, optimum temperature, KM and Vmax values for substrates were determined. Product inhibition studies were also performed. The enzymes were inhibited by levofloxacin, furosemide, ceftazidime, cefuroxime and gentamicin as in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 0.07-30.13 mM. In vivo studies demonstrated that lung GR was inhibited by furosemide and lung 6PGD was inhibited by levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Adem
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University , Cankiri , Turkey and
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Art and Science, Bingol University , Bingol , Turkey
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14
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Zhang LH, Tan XY, Wu K, Zhuo MQ, Song YF, Chen QL. Regulation and mechanism of leptin on lipid metabolism in ovarian follicle cells from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 222:116-23. [PMID: 26119184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of leptin on lipid metabolism in ovarian follicle cells of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. For that purpose, primary ovarian follicle cells were isolated from yellow catfish, cultured and subjected to different treatments (control, 0.1% DMSO, 500ng/ml leptin, 500ng/ml leptin plus 100μM wortmannin, 500ng/ml leptin plus 50nM AG490, respectively) for 48h. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, the activities (CPT I, FAS, G6PD, and 6PGD) and/or expression level of several enzymes (CPT I, FAS, G6PD, 6PGD, ACCa and ACCb), as well as the mRNA expression of transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ and SREBP-1) involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Recombinant human leptin (rt-hLEP) incubation significantly reduced intracellular TG content, activities and mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD and 6PGD, SREBP-1 and PPARγ, but enhanced activity and mRNA level of CPT I, PPARα and ACCa. Specific inhibitors AG490 and wortmannin of JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways prevented leptin-induced changes, indicating that JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways were involved in the process of leptin-induced changes of lipid metabolism. Based on these observations above, for the first time, our study indicated that leptin reduced lipid deposition by activating lipolysis and suppressing lipogenesis in ovarian follicles of yellow catfish, and both JAK-STAT and IRS-PI3K signaling pathways were involved in the changes of leptin-induced lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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15
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Tian M, Mohamed AC, Wang S, Yang L. On-plate enzyme and inhibition assay of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase using thin-layer chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2907-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin China
| | | | - Shengtian Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun Jilin China
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16
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Application of capillary enzyme micro-reactor in enzyme activity and inhibitors studies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prado GF, Terra-Filho M, de Paula Santos U. Reply from the author: erratum and discussion on anti-oxidant enzymes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 479-480:320-321. [PMID: 24530189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Faibischew Prado
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Terra-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu QL, Luo Z, Zhuo MQ, Tan XY, Sun LD, Zheng JL, Chen QL. In vitro exposure to copper influences lipid metabolism in hepatocytes from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:595-605. [PMID: 24078222 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three different copper (Cu) concentrations (control, 10 and 100 lM, respectively) and three incubation times (24, 48 and 96 h) were chosen to assess in vitro effect of Cu on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activities were observed in hepatocytes with increasing Cu concentration and exposure duration. Cu decreased mRNA levels of several lipogenic and lipolytic genes at 24 h. However, at 48 h, Cu down-regulated the process of lipogenesis but up-regulated that of lipolysis. The Cudriven up-regulation of lipolytic genes was maintained after 96 h and accompanied by a decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation, while no effect on lipogenic genes was shown. Thus, 96-h Cu exposure induced lipid depletion, possibly due to the upregulation of lipolysis. Although in this process, lipogenesis might be up-regulated, it was not enough to compensate lipid consumption. Our study represents the first approach to concentration- and time-dependent in vitro effects of Cu on lipid metabolism of fish hepatocytes and provides new insights into Cu toxicity in fish at both enzymatic and molecular levels.
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