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Liu S, Zeng Z, Qi Q, Yang Q, Hu Y. The Effect of Peer Relationships on Adolescent Loneliness: The Role of Psychological Resilience and the OXTR Gene. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2477-2489. [PMID: 38933337 PMCID: PMC11204807 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s460393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the gene-environment interaction paradigm, this study explored the effect of peer relationships on adolescent loneliness and the role of psychological resilience and the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Methods A survey was conducted in a sample of 619 adolescents, and their oral cells were collected for DNA extraction and genotyping. Results The results showed that (1) both peer relationships and psychological resilience significantly affected adolescent loneliness; (2) psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between peer relationships and loneliness in adolescents; (3) OXTR gene rs53576 polymorphism moderated both the first and second half of the indirect pathway of the mediation model. Specifically, carriers of the rs53576 polymorphism A/A genotype showed a significantly enhanced effect of peer relationships on adolescent psychological resilience, while carriers of the rs53576 polymorphism G/G genotype showed a significantly enhanced effect of psychological resilience on adolescent loneliness. Conclusion These findings helped elucidate the developmental mechanisms of adolescent loneliness in terms of peer relationships, psychological resilience, and OXTR gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjin Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zeng
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Hu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Song K, Zhou FJ, Niu GF, Fan CY, Zhou ZK. The Association between Cyberbullying Victimization and Depression among Children: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:414. [PMID: 38785904 PMCID: PMC11118989 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyberbullying victimization is becoming more prevalent and adversely affects mental health. This research explores the relationship between the two variables and the underlying mechanism, especially for children, as the impact of mental health in childhood might last a lifetime. Primary school students (N = 344; Mage = 9.90; 43.90% girls) completed self-report questionnaires regarding cyberbullying victimization, self-perceived social competence, optimism, and depression at school. Gender and grade were controlled as covariates. Depression was positively predicted by cyberbullying victimization, while self-perceived social competence played a partially mediating role. In addition, optimism directly and indirectly moderated the effects of cyberbullying victimization on depression. Specifically, the effects were stronger for children with low levels of optimism. Therefore, efforts to enhance children's self-perceived social competence and optimism may reduce their depression resulting from cyberbullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Song
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Preschool Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Ezhou 436032, China
| | - Feng-Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Administrative Office, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Geng-Feng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Cui-Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zong-Kui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China; (K.S.); (F.-J.Z.); (G.-F.N.); (C.-Y.F.)
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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3
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Bartlett GR, Magson NM, Richardson CE, Rapee RM, Fardouly J, Oar EL. The meditating role of sleep in the longitudinal associations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:878-892. [PMID: 36855808 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for both peer victimization (PV) and internalizing symptoms. While the positive association between them is well established, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. To address this gap, the current study aimed to investigate sleep hygiene and school night sleep duration as individual and sequential mediators of the relationship between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms during pre- to mid-adolescence. The study drew upon a community sample of 528 Australian youth aged 10-12 years at baseline (M age = 11.19, SD = .55; 51.1% boys) and data were collected over five annual measurement occasions. Direct and indirect longitudinal and bidirectional associations were examined using cross-lagged panel analysis. There was no evidence of sequential mediation through both sleep hygiene and sleep duration to depression and social anxiety. Instead, the findings show that sleep hygiene mediated the prospective association between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and between PV and sleep duration. Overall, sleep hygiene represents a modifiable transdiagnostic factor that can be targeted to break the cycle of PV, inadequate sleep, and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian R Bartlett
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Natasha M Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cele E Richardson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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4
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Zheng H, Xu T, Liu L, Xu T, Yuan TF, Han X. Multiple mediation of the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult obesity by anxiety and bulimia - a sample from bariatric surgery candidates and healthy controls. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:653. [PMID: 38429770 PMCID: PMC10905949 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulimia, which means a person has episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating, is the most primitive reason for being overweight and obese. The extended literature has indicated that childhood emotional abuse has a close relationship with adverse mood states, bulimia, and obesity. To comprehensively understand the potential links among these factors, we evaluated a multiple mediation model in which anxiety/depression and bulimia were mediators between childhood emotional abuse and body mass index (BMI). A set of self-report questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), was sent out. Clinical data from 37 obese patients (age: 29.65 ± 5.35, body mass index (BMI): 37.59 ± 6.34) and 37 demographically well-matched healthy people with normal body weight (age: 31.35 ± 10.84, BMI: 22.16 ± 3.69) were included in the investigation. We first performed an independent t-test to compare all scales or subscale scores between the two groups. Then, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis to test every two variables' pairwise correlation. Finally, multiple mediation analysis was performed with BMI as the outcome variable, and childhood emotional abuse as the predictive variable. Pairs of anxiety, bulimia, and depression, bulimia were selected as the mediating variables in different multiple mediation models separately. The results show that the obese group reported higher childhood emotional abuse (t = 2.157, p = 0.034), worse mood state (anxiety: t = 5.466, p < 0.001; depression: t = 2.220, p = 0.030), and higher bulimia (t = 3.400, p = 0.001) than the healthy control group. Positive correlations were found in every pairwise combination of BMI, childhood emotional abuse, anxiety, and bulimia. Multiple mediation analyses indicate that childhood emotional abuse is positively linked to BMI (β = 1.312, 95% CI = 0.482-2.141). The model using anxiety and bulimia as the multiple mediating variables is attested to play roles in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and obesity (indirect effect = 0.739, 95% CI = 0.261-1.608, 56.33% of the total effect). These findings confirm that childhood emotional abuse contributes to adulthood obesity through the multiple mediating effects of anxiety and bulimia. The present study adds another potential model to facilitate our understanding of the eating psychopathology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang L, Gu C, Zhou S, Wen S, Zhang Y, Li Q. Can the Negative Cognitive Bias Be Predicted by Early Victimization of College Students? The Dual Role of Resilience. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 157:409-422. [PMID: 37498950 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2225138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Victimization could cause cognitive dysfunction like negative cognitive bias. While there are studies of contemporaneous consequences, there is insufficient research on whether and how early victimization will affect adult negative cognitive bias. This study examined the dual role of resilience (i.e., whether resilience would moderate the relationship between early victimization and negative cognitive bias, and/or whether resilience would mediate the same relationship). A total of 972 college students (40% were males, Mage = 19.25, SD = 1.17, range = 16-25) from three universities in Central China completed a series of anonymous questionnaires on early victimization, resilience, and negative cognitive bias. After controlling for demographic variables, the results indicated that early victimization was positively correlated with negative cognitive bias of college students. Moderation analysis indicated that resilience moderated the relationship between early victimization and negative cognitive bias. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience partially mediated the same relationship. Specifically, the effect of early victimization on negative cognitive bias was stronger for college students with high level of resilience than those with low level of resilience. Meanwhile, early victimization affected negative cognitive bias partially through resilience. The findings elucidate the dual role of resilience in the relationship between early victimization and negative cognitive bias. On the one hand, negative cognitive bias can be reduced by enhancing resilience among victims, on the other hand, the protective role of resilience may be weakened with the increase of victimization, reminding us to pay more attention to victims with high level of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Central China Normal University
- Xinyang Normal University
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6
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Zhao M, Ford T, Panayiotou M, Karl A. Developmental pathways of depressive symptoms via parenting, self-evaluation and peer relationships in young people from 3 to 17 years old: evidence from ALSPAC. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:907-917. [PMID: 36708401 PMCID: PMC10241697 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-evaluation and interpersonal factors are theoretically and empirically linked to depression in young people. An improved understanding of the multifactorial developmental pathways that explain how these factors predict depression could inform intervention strategies. METHODS Using structural equation modeling, this study explored whether self-evaluation and interpersonal factors were associated with adolescent depressive symptoms in a population-based sample (n = 11,921; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC), across four development stages: early and late childhood plus early and middle adolescence from 3 to 17 years old. RESULTS Early good parenting practices predicted self-esteem, fewer peer difficulties, good friendships and fewer depressive symptoms in late childhood development outcomes. Higher self-esteem and less negative self-concept mediated the effect of early good parenting practice on reduced depressive symptoms in middle adolescence. The hypothesized erosion pathway from depressive symptoms in late childhood via higher levels of negative self-concept in early adolescence to depressive symptoms in middle adolescence was also confirmed. Additionally, peer difficulties played a mediation role in developing depressive symptoms. Contrary to the hypothesis, poor friendships predicted fewer depressive symptoms. The analysis supported a developmental pathway in which good parenting practices in early childhood led to fewer peer difficulties in late childhood and to less negative self-concept in early adolescence, which in turn predicted fewer depressive symptoms in middle adolescence. CONCLUSION The social-developmental origin of youth depressive symptoms was supported via the effect of peer relationships in late childhood on self-evaluation in early adolescence.
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7
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Social Adjustment of Problem-Talk Partners Moderates Associations Between Self-Perceived Victimization and Depressive Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:369-382. [PMID: 36383307 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the moderating role of problem-talk partnerships with peers who are rejected, victimized, or unpopular on links between self-perceived victimization by peers and depressive symptoms. Problem-talk partnerships are friendships that involve frequent discussion of problems and personal struggles. 267 adolescents (152 girls; mean age of 14.4 years) participated in a short-term prospective study with identical measures administered in two annual waves. The adolescents completed a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing peer victimization and depression. They also completed a peer nomination inventory and identified friends with whom they frequently discuss problems. High levels of peer nominated victimization, social rejection, and unpopularity among problem-talk partners were linked to elevated associations between self-reported victimization and depressive symptoms. The effects for unpopularity levels among problem-talk partners were moderated by gender. Compared to boys, girls' adjustment was more strongly influenced by unpopularity among problem-talk partners. Conversely, friendships with peers who were not problem-talk partners did not have a consistent moderating role. The full pattern of findings highlights the need to consider the social adjustment of dyadic partners when examining the psychosocial impact of perceived victimization.
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8
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Wang L, Zhou S, Xue Y, Li Q, Cao M, Gu C. Does Early Victimization of School Bullies Affect Core Self-Evaluations in Young Adulthood? A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3338. [PMID: 36834031 PMCID: PMC9963547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early victimization is associated with a range of psychological adaptation problems in young adulthood, including core self-evaluations. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the association between early victimization and young adults' core self-evaluations. This study examined the mediating role of negative cognitive processing bias and the moderating role of resilience in the relationship. A total of 972 college students were recruited to complete measures of early victimization, negative cognitive processing bias, resilience, and core self-evaluations. The results showed that early victimization significantly and negatively predicted the core self-evaluations in young adulthood. The negative association between early victimization and core self-evaluations was completely mediated by negative cognitive processing bias. Resilience moderated the relationship between early victimization and negative cognitive bias, and the relationship between negative cognitive processing bias and core self-evaluations. Resilience has both risk-buffering and risk-enhancing effects. In light of these results, in order to help victims maintain good mental health, we should intervene in individual cognitive factors. Notably, while resilience is a protective factor in most cases, the benefits of resilience should not be overstated. So, we should not only cultivate students' resilience but also provide them with more support and resources and intervene in risk factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Shuzhi Zhou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yukang Xue
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuanhua Gu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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9
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How peer victimization predicts mental well-being and disruptive behaviors: exploring serial mediating mechanisms in the digital age. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Yang P, Zhao S, Li D, Ma Y, Liu J, Chen X, French D. Bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and friendship intimacy. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:48-56. [PMID: 36126786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major mental disorder and poses a serious threat to public health. Bullying victimization is identified as one of the major risk factors for depression in adolescence. Understanding the mechanism that explain why bullying victimization leads to depression, and identifying protective factors that could alleviate the negative effects of bullying victimization are pivotal to developing effective intervention programs. METHODS A sample of Chinese adolescents in junior high schools (N = 458, 50.58 % girls, M age = 11.63 years at T1) was followed for three years. The data on depression, bullying victimization, self-esteem, and friendship intimacy were collected from adolescents' self-report. RESULTS After controlling related variables, T1 bullying victimization positively predicted T3 depressive symptoms. T2 self-esteem mediated the link between T1 bullying victimization and T3 depressive symptoms when T1 friendship intimacy was low. More specifically, only for youth who reported low friendship intimacy, bullying victimization would lead to a lower level of self-esteem, which in turn, was associated with a higher level of depression. LIMITATIONS The study only considered the roles of self-esteem as the mediator and friendship intimacy as the moderator. All measures were based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the role of friendship intimacy and self-esteem in the longitudinal relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that intervention programs aiming at reducing victimized adolescents' depressive symptoms should consider the buffering effect of friendship intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Siman Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - Yange Ma
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200333, PR China
| | - Xinyin Chen
- Division of Applied Psychology-Human Development, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doran French
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, IN, USA
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Zhu Q, Cheong Y, Wang C. Relation Between Peer Victimization and Mental Health Among Chinese Students: Perceived School Climate and Covitality as Potential Moderators. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2088250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Li C, Ma W. The Direct and Indirect Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Depressive Symptoms and Self-esteem of Children: Does Gender Make a Difference? Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Palamarchuk IS, Vaillancourt T. Integrative Brain Dynamics in Childhood Bullying Victimization: Cognitive and Emotional Convergence Associated With Stress Psychopathology. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:782154. [PMID: 35573445 PMCID: PMC9097078 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.782154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying victimization is a form of psychological stress that is associated with poor outcomes in the areas of mental health and learning. Although the emotional maladjustment and memory impairment following interpersonal stress are well documented, the mechanisms of complex cerebral dysfunctions have neither been outlined nor studied in depth in the context of childhood bullying victimization. As a contribution to the cross-disciplinary field of developmental psychology and neuroscience, we review the neuropathophysiology of early life stress, as well as general psychological stress to synthesize the data and clarify the versatile dynamics within neuronal networks linked to bullying victimization. The stress-induced neuropsychological cascade and associated cerebral networks with a focus on cognitive and emotional convergence are described. The main findings are that stress-evoked neuroendocrine reactivity relates to neuromodulation and limbic dysregulation that hinder emotion processing and executive functioning such as semantic cognition, cognitive flexibility, and learning. Developmental aspects and interacting neural mechanisms linked to distressed cognitive and emotional processing are pinpointed and potential theory-of-mind nuances in targets of bullying are presented. The results show that childhood stress psychopathology is associated with a complex interplay where the major role belongs to, but is not limited to, the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, insula, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. This interplay contributes to the sensitivity toward facial expressions, poor cognitive reasoning, and distress that affect behavioral modulation and emotion regulation. We integrate the data on major brain dynamics in stress neuroactivity that can be associated with childhood psychopathology to help inform future studies that are focused on the treatment and prevention of psychiatric disorders and learning problems in bullied children and adolescents.
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Longitudinal Association of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo with Depression in Adolescents and the Possible Role of Peer Victimization. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:809-822. [PMID: 35420391 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is prospectively associated with depression in adolescence, and possible processes linking SCT to depression remain unexamined. Using a longitudinal study with three timepoints over a two-year period, the current study tested the indirect effects of SCT on depression via peer victimization, specifically physical, relational, and verbal victimization. Participants were 302 adolescents (Mage = 13.17 years; 44.7% female participants; 81.8% White; 52% with ADHD). In the fall of 8th grade, adolescents and parents completed measures of adolescents' SCT and ADHD symptoms. Adolescents completed a measure of peer victimization in spring of 8th grade and a measure of depressive symptoms in 10th grade. Models examining indirect effects were conducted with and without control of baseline ADHD and/or depressive symptoms. Across analyses, adolescent and parent ratings of SCT symptoms uniquely predicted greater depressive symptoms two years later when controlling for adolescent sex, study site, and either 8th grade depressive or ADHD symptoms. Further, adolescents' self-reported 8th grade SCT symptoms predicted 10th grade depressive symptoms via verbal victimization when controlling for 8th grade ADHD symptoms, but not in analyses incorporating 8th grade depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the predictive association of SCT on depressive symptoms, the possible role of adverse peer relationships as a mechanism linking SCT to depression, and the importance of considering ADHD and depressive symptoms in research on longitudinal correlates of SCT.
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Fox JK, Ryan JL, Martin Burch J, Halpern LF. The Role of Parental Overcontrol in the Relationship between Peer Victimization, Social Threat Cognitions, and Social Anxiety in School-Age Children. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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The bidirectional relationships between peer victimization and internalizing problems in school-aged children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 85:101979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Bone JK, Lewis G, Roiser JP, Blakemore SJ, Lewis G. Recall bias during adolescence: Gender differences and associations with depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:299-307. [PMID: 33421856 PMCID: PMC7615279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a sharp increase in depression in females in mid-adolescence, but we do not understand why. Cognitive theories suggest that people with depression have negative biases in recalling self-referential information. We tested whether recall biases were more negative in girls in early and mid-adolescence and were associated with depressive symptoms. METHODS 315 young and 263 mid-adolescents (11-12 and 13-15 years) completed a surprise test, assessing recall of social evaluation about the self (self-referential) or another person (other-referential). The short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms. We tested the effects of condition (self-referential/other-referential), valence (positive/negative), gender, and age group on correct recall (hits) and associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS There was no evidence for gender or age differences in positive or negative self-referential recall. Self-referential positive hits were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=-0.38, 95% CI=-0.69-0.08, p=0.01). Self-referential negative hits were positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted coefficient=0.45, 95% CI=0.15-0.75, p=0.003), and this association was stronger in females (adjusted interaction p=0.04). LIMITATIONS The reliability and validity of the recall task are unknown. We cannot provide evidence of a causal effect of recall on depressive symptoms in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who recalled more self-referential negative and fewer self-referential positive words had more severe depressive symptoms. Females did not demonstrate more recall biases, but the association between self-referential negative hits and depressive symptoms was stronger in females. Negative self-referential recall may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms and is a good candidate for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bone
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Hobbs C, Murphy SE, Wright L, Carson J, Assche IV, O'Brien J, Oyesanya M, Sui J, Munafò MR, Kessler D, Harmer CJ, Button KS. Effect of acute citalopram on self-referential emotional processing and social cognition in healthy volunteers. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e124. [PMID: 33070796 PMCID: PMC7576669 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is characterised by negative views of the self. Antidepressant treatment may remediate negative self-schema through increasing processing of positive information about the self. Changes in affective processing during social interactions may increase expression of prosocial behaviours, improving interpersonal communications. AIMS To examine whether acute administration of citalopram is associated with an increase in positive affective learning biases about the self and prosocial behaviour. METHOD Healthy volunteers (n = 41) were randomised to either an acute 20 mg dose of citalopram or matched placebo in a between-subjects double-blind design. Participants completed computer-based cognitive tasks designed to measure referential affective processing, social cognition and expression of prosocial behaviours. RESULTS Participants administered citalopram made more cooperative choices than those administered placebo in a prisoner's dilemma task (β = 20%, 95% CI: 2%, 37%). Exploratory analyses indicated that participants administered citalopram showed a positive bias when learning social evaluations about a friend (β = 4.06, 95% CI: 0.88, 7.24), but not about the self or a stranger. Similarly, exploratory analyses found evidence of increased recall of positive words and reduced recall of negative words about others (β = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.93), but not the self, in the citalopram group. CONCLUSIONS Participants administered citalopram showed greater prosocial behaviours, increased positive recall and increased positive learning of social evaluations towards others. The increase in positive affective bias and prosocial behaviours towards others may, at least partially, be a mechanism of antidepressant effect. However, we found no evidence that citalopram influenced self-referential processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susannah E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Indra Van Assche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mayowa Oyesanya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Sukhawathanakul P, Leadbeater B. Trajectories of peer victimization in elementary school children: Associations with changes in internalizing, externalizing, social competence, and school climate. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1751-1769. [PMID: 32349162 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines the developmental changes (internalizing and externalizing symptoms, social competence, and experiences of school climate) in children who follow distinct trajectories of peer victimization in a sample of elementary school children across 2 years. Data were from children, and their parents and teachers, in Grades 1-3 followed across five waves. Latent class analyses revealed four distinct victimization trajectory groups characterized by chronically high, increasing, decreasing, or low-stable levels across time. Multilevel analyses showed that children in the chronically high peer victimization group had higher initials levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, lower levels of social competence, and poorer experiences of school climate compared to children in the low-stable group. Over time, children in the increasing group had slower rates of increases in social competence than children in the low-stable group and had worsening experiences of school climate compared to children in the low-stable peer victimization group. Findings suggest children who are chronically victimized may be at a developmental disadvantage compared to children who report little or declining peer victimization over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Sukhawathanakul
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bonnie Leadbeater
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Risky cyber behaviors in adolescents with depression: A case control study. J Affect Disord 2020; 270:51-58. [PMID: 32275220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy adolescents with regard to cyberbullying, cyber victimization, internet addiction, and digital game addiction. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in Selçuk University Hospital. The study sample consisted of 34 adolescents with MDD and 39 controls without any psychopathology. A socio-demographic data form, the Cyber bullying Scale (CBS), Cyber Victimization Scale (CVS), Cyber bullying Sensibility Scale (CBSS), Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Digital Game Dependence Scale (DGA-7), and Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale-Refurbished (RCADS) were administered to all participants. RESULTS CBS, CVS, IAS and DGAS-7 scores of the MDD group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The significant differences persisted even after controlling for confounding factors such as age, gender, socio-economic level, and parental educational levels with MANCOVA. A strong positive correlation existed between CBS and CVS scores, and higher IAS scores were associated with higher CBS scores in the MDD group. CBSS scores negatively correlated with DGAS-7 scores in the MDD group. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, conclusions about causality remain speculative. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the importance of assessing problems related to the online environment in the presence of depression in adolescents. Our results suggested that evaluating the use of technology with a view to the potential for cyber bullying and cyber victimization as well as internet addiction and addiction to digital games may be necessary as a holistic approach in the follow-up of adolescent depression.
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21
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Baiden P, Tadeo SK. Examining the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse among adolescents in the United States. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:317-324. [PMID: 31454592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have examined the association between bullying victimization and adolescent substance behaviors, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse among adolescents. METHODS Data for this study came from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A sample of 9974 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50.1% female) were analyzed using binary logistic regression with prescription drug misuse as the outcome variable and bullying victimization as the main explanatory variable. RESULTS Of the 9,974 adolescents, 13.1% misused prescription drugs. One in ten adolescents were victims of both school bullying and cyberbullying, 5.1% were victims of only cyberbullying, 9% were victims of only school bullying, and 75.8% experienced neither school bullying nor cyberbullying victimization. In the binary logistic regression model, adolescents who experienced both school bullying and cyberbullying victimization had 1.66 times higher odds of misusing prescription drugs (AOR = 1.66, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.34-2.06) and adolescents who experienced only school bullying victimization had 1.30 times higher odds of misusing prescription drugs (AOR = 1.30, p < .05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.64). Being lesbian, gay, or bisexual; feeling sad or hopeless; cigarette smoking; binge drinking; cannabis use; and illicit drug use were statistically significantly associated with prescription drug misuse. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse could contribute to early identification of adolescents who may misuse prescription drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
| | - Savarra K Tadeo
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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22
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Cole DA, Zelkowitz RL, Nick EA, Lubarsky SR, Rights JD. Simultaneously examining negative appraisals, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reactivity in relation to depressive symptoms in children. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1527-1540. [PMID: 30837008 PMCID: PMC6722000 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prior theory and research have linked negative appraisals (NA), emotion reactivity (ER), and cognitive reactivity (CR) to depression; however, few studies have examined whether even two of these constructs simultaneously, but none have done so in child or adolescent populations. A total of 571 youths (ages 9-13) completed a novel procedure in which all three constructs were assessed in response to the same personally relevant, hypothetical, peer victimization events. Multilevel modeling enabled the extraction of dynamic, within-person, latent-variable measures of NA, ER, and CR. All three constructs were related to children's depressive symptoms in ways that were commensurate with most (but not all) theoretical frameworks. Gender and age differences also emerged. Support for an NA-predicts-ER-predicts-CR model suggests ways that these constructs can be integrated into a more complete, transtheoretical understanding of the cognitive-emotional substrate of depression in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Rachel L Zelkowitz
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nick
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Sophia R Lubarsky
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
| | - Jason D Rights
- Department of Psychology and Human Development,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN,USA
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23
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Zhang H, Chi P, Long H, Ren X. Bullying victimization and depression among left-behind children in rural China: Roles of self-compassion and hope. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104072. [PMID: 31319239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization among school-aged children is an important public health issue that may affect their well-being and mental health. However, few studies have been conducted on left-behind children in rural China, who are defined as the children who stay in rural areas for more than six months and have one or both parents migrating to urban areas for work. The mechanisms through which bullying victimization will influence depression have disproportionally adopted a psychopathological perspective, and the protective factors are understudied. OBJECTIVE This study aims at investigating the factors that might contribute to breaking up the vicious circle between bullying victimization and developmental problems, focusing on the protective role of self-compassion and hope in the association between bullying victimization and depression. METHODS Using questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of 1091 school-aged left-behind children from west and central China. RESULTS Compared with rural children living with their parents, left-behind children reported a higher level of bullying victimization. Bullying victimization was positively associated with depression through decreased self-compassion and hope, and self- compassion played a more crucial role than hope in the linkage between bullying victimization and depression. CONCLUSIONS Our study's findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate self-compassion and hope in mental health prevention and intervention programs targeting left-behind children with bullying victimization experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method, China; The School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, China.
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Haili Long
- The School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, China.
| | - Xiaoying Ren
- The School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, China.
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24
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Ranney ML, Patena JV, Dunsiger S, Spirito A, Cunningham RM, Boyer E, Nugent NR. A technology-augmented intervention to prevent peer violence and depressive symptoms among at-risk emergency department adolescents: Protocol for a randomized control trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 82:106-114. [PMID: 31129373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer violence and depressive symptoms are increasingly prevalent among adolescents, and for many, use the emergency department (ED) as their primary source of healthcare. Brief in-person interventions and longitudinal text-message-based interventions are feasible, acceptable, and may be effective in reducing peer violence and depressive symptoms when delivered in the ED setting. This paper presents the study design and protocol for an in-ED brief intervention (BI) and text messaging program (Text). METHODS This study will be conducted in a pediatric ED which serves over 50,000 pediatric patients per year. Recruitment of study participants began in August 2018 and anticipated to continue until October 2021. The study will enroll 800 adolescents (ages13-17) presenting to the ED for any reason who self-report past-year physical peer violence and past-two week mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. The study will use a factorial randomized trial to test both overall intervention efficacy and determine the optimal combination of intervention components. A full 2 × 2 factorial design randomizes patients at baseline to 1) BI or no BI; and 2) Text or no Text. Peer violence and depressive symptoms improvements will be measured at 2, 4, and 8 months through self-report and medical record review. DISCUSSION This study has important implications for the progress of the greater field of mobile health interventions, as well as for adolescent violence and depression prevention in general. This proposal has high clinical and public health significance with high potential scalability, acceptability, and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Ranney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street 2nd Floor, Providence, RI 02903, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - John V Patena
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Box G-5121-4, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC 10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Edward Boyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, United States.
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, 700 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
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25
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Alba J, Calvete E. Bidirectional Relationships Between Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Vulnerabilities in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2019.38.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent problem in adolescence, with great clinical and social relevance. Recent models of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence underscore that the relationships between stress, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms are bidirectional. In addition, according to cognitive therapy models, cognitive vulnerabilities are organized hierarchically, with deep schemas guiding more superficial cognitive processes such as rumination. The present study examines the longitudinal predictive relationships between two levels of cognitions (early maladaptive schemas and rumination), stressors, and depression. Method: A sample of 584 Spanish adolescents (262 girls; mean age = 15.99, SD = 1.10) completed measures of depression, stressors, rumination, and three early maladaptive schema domains (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and other-directedness) over 4 intervals of 4 months. Path analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Results: Disconnection and rejection domain systematically predicted an increase in depression, new stressors, and rumination over time. In addition, depressive symptoms predicted an increase of disconnection/rejection scores at all time points. Finally, from Time 2 on, stressors predicted an increase in all schema domains. Discussion: The outcomes suggest the importance of the disconnection and rejection schema domain. These results are important to understand the mechanisms underlying stress and depression in adolescents.
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26
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Additive Interactions Between Gender and Bullying Victimization on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality. Nurs Res 2018; 67:430-438. [DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Adolescent Girls’ Biological Sensitivity to Context: Heart Rate Reactivity Moderates the Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Internalizing Problems. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-018-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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28
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Roeder KM, Cole DA. Prospective Relation Between Peer Victimization and Suicidal Ideation: Potential Cognitive Mediators. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guarneri‐White ME, Arana AA, Boyd EQ, Jensen‐Campbell LA. It's more than skin-deep: The relationship between social victimization and telomere length in adolescence. Aggress Behav 2018; 44:337-347. [PMID: 29484667 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between peer victimization and telomere length (TL), an indicator of biological aging that is associated with stressors (Epel, 2009). It was predicted that social victimization would have a greater impact upon TL, as well as the frequency and severity of health complaints than physical victimization. Adolescents (Mage = 15.91 years, SDage = 1.65) and their parents completed measures of peer victimization and physical health problems; adolescents also submitted a DNA sample for telomere analysis. Greater instances of being socially, but not physically, victimized were associated with shorter telomeres, as well as more frequent and severe health complaints. TL was also negatively related to both the frequency and severity of health problems, even after controlling for BMI, age, and sex of participant. The relationship between social victimization and health complaints via TL held only at higher levels of social victimization. These findings are the first to find an association between peer victimization and shortened telomeres.
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30
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Karatekin C, Ahluwalia R, Desir M. Tailoring health-related messages for young adults with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 80:194-202. [PMID: 29625325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal was to identify factors that might affect likelihood of seeking health-related interventions for young adults with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). We tested whether ACEs were associated with (1) regulatory focus (tendency toward promoting good outcomes versus preventing bad outcomes), and (2) patient activation (the intention to take active charge of one's health). We further tested whether promotion and prevention and patient activation were associated with each other and with health. Students at a public university (N = 321) completed online questionnaires assessing ACEs, regulatory focus, patient activation, and health. Greater childhood adversity showed small but significant associations with being a less activated patient and being less focused on promoting good outcomes. In contrast, greater childhood adversity had a much stronger association with focusing on preventing negative outcomes. Students with a more significant mental health history were more likely to have been exposed to childhood adversity, to be less activated patients, and to focus more on prevention. Results suggest that using a prevention focus may be effective in health messages aimed to reach individuals with high levels of ACEs. Furthermore, individuals with high levels of ACEs may benefit from interventions aimed at increasing patient activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karatekin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Rohini Ahluwalia
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michelle Desir
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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31
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Baiden P, Stewart SL, Fallon B. The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Findings from community and inpatient mental health settings in Ontario, Canada. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:238-247. [PMID: 28587863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although bullying victimization has been linked to a number of behavioral and emotional problems among adolescents, few studies have investigate the mechanism through which bullying victimization affect non-suicidal self-injury. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Data for this study came from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 1650 adolescents aged 12-18 years (M =14.56; SD =1.79; 54.2% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to identify the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury. Of the 1650 adolescents studied, 611 representing 37% engaged in non-suicidal self-injury and 26.7% were victims of bullying. The effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury was partially mediated by depressive symptoms after adjusting for the effect of demographic characteristics, history of childhood abuse, social support, and mental health diagnoses. The contribution of bullying victimization and depression to non-suicidal self-injury adds to the case for the development of trauma-focused interventions in reducing the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4.
| | - Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, ON, Canada N6G 1G7
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4
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Mallmann CL, Saraiva de Macedo Lisboa C, Zanatta Calza T. Cyberbullying e Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos em Adolescentes Brasileiros. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v26n2.60631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bacchini D, Licenziati MR, Affuso G, Garrasi A, Corciulo N, Driul D, Tanas R, Fiumani PM, Di Pietro E, Pesce S, Crinò A, Maltoni G, Iughetti L, Sartorio A, Deiana M, Lombardi F, Valerio G. The Interplay among BMI z-Score, Peer Victmization, and Self-Concept in Outpatient Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity. Child Obes 2017; 13:242-249. [PMID: 28267352 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has provided evidence that obesity is associated with peer victimization and low levels of self-concept. No study has examined the relationship between BMI z-score, self-concept in multiple domains, and peer victimization. METHODS The aim of the research was to investigate the interplay between BMI z-score, self-concept in multiple domains (physical, athletic, social), and peer victimization, testing direct, mediated, and moderated associations. Eighty hundred fifteen outpatient children and adolescents were consecutively recruited in 14 hospitals distributed over the Italian country. The sample consisted of 419 males and 396 females; mean age 10.91 ± 1.97 years (range 6-14 years) and mean BMI z-score 1.85 ± 0.74 (range -0.97 ± 3.27). Peer victimization and self-concept were assessed with a revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. A structural equation model approach was used to determine the associations among variables, testing two competing models. RESULTS In both models, path analysis revealed that BMI z-score was directly associated with peer victimization and self-concept in multiple domains. In the first model, peer victimization mediated the relationship between BMI-score and self-concept, whereas in the alternative model, self-concept mediated the relationship between BMI z-score and peer victimization. Interaction analyses revealed that social competence moderated the relationship between BMI z-score and peer victimization and that peer victimization moderated the relationship between BMI z-score and physical appearance. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of BMI z-score are a risk factor for peer victimization and poor self-concept. When high levels of BMI z-score are associated with a negative self-concept, the risk of victimization increases. Preventive and supportive interventions are needed to avoid negative consequences on quality of life in children and adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bacchini
- 1 Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- 2 Dipartimento di Pediatria Specialistica e Sistematica, AORN Santobono Pausilipon , Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetana Affuso
- 1 Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandra Garrasi
- 3 Servizio di Dietologia Clinica , Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Corciulo
- 4 Centro di Prevenzione Diagnosi e Cura dell'Obesità in Età Evolutiva U.O. Pediatria , Presidio Ospedaliero di Gallipoli, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Driul
- 5 SOC Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- 6 U.O. di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Perla Maria Fiumani
- 7 Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Di Pietro
- 8 U.O. di Pediatria, Ospedale S. Liberatore , Atri, Teramo and Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabino Pesce
- 9 U.O.C. di Malattie Metaboliche ed Endocrinologia Pediatrica A.O.U. Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- 10 U.O.S. di Patologia Endocrina Autoimmune, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS , Palidoro, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- 11 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Pediatria, Programma di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Universitario S. Orsola Malpighi , Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- 12 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno-Infantili e dell'Adulto, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- 13 Laboratorio Sperimentale Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche , Divisione di Auxologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Deiana
- 14 Clinica Pediatrica , Ospedale F. Del Ponte, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- 15 U.O.C. di Pediatria, Ospedale Maggiore, Ausl di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- 16 Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope , Napoli, Italy
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Kawabata Y, Onishi A. Moderating Effects of Relational Interdependence on the Association Between Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:214-224. [PMID: 26980314 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This short-term longitudinal study examined the association between relational and physical victimization and subsequent depressive symptoms together with the roles of social cognitive processes (i.e., relational interdependence) and gender in this association. A total of 580 Japanese adolescents in the seventh and eighth grades (52 % girls; age range 12-14) participated in this study across an academic year. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that relational and physical victimization, which was assessed via self- and teacher- reports, was concurrently associated with greater depressive symptoms, regardless of the gender of the youth and the level of relational interdependence. Furthermore, after controlling for the stability and co-occurrence between each construct, relational victimization (not physical victimization) was predictive of elevated depressive symptoms only for boys who exhibited relatively higher relational interdependence. The findings are discussed from developmental, gender, and cultural perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kawabata
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, 96923, Guam.
| | - Ayako Onishi
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Human Sciences, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Longitudinal and Incremental Relation of Cybervictimization to Negative Self-Cognitions and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 44:1321-32. [PMID: 26747449 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are among the most frequent users of social media websites, raising concern about the dangers of cyber bullying or cybervictimization (CV). A 12-month longitudinal study examined the unique, prospective relation of CV to the development of negative self-cognitions and depressive symptoms in a community sample of 827 children and young adolescents (ages 8-13; 55.1 % female) from the southeastern United States. Over and above conventional types of peer victimization, CV significantly predicted changes in self-referential negative cognitions, victimization-related cognitive reactions, and depressive symptoms, even after controlling for baseline levels of the dependent variables. Results also showed that CV was significantly less stable than other forms of victimization and tended to increase slightly with time. The study highlights the unique effects of CV and has implications for research and practice.
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Buffering the effects of peer victimization on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: The role of self-compassion and family cohesion. J Adolesc 2016; 53:107-115. [PMID: 27710776 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant behavioral problem among adolescents all over the world. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, as well as the buffering effects of self-compassion and family cohesion on this relationship. Data were collected at two time points from 525 secondary school students (226 girls; Mage = 12.97, SD = 1.02) in China. Results showed that peer victimization (marginally) significantly predicted NSSI over time even after controlling for Wave 1 NSSI. This association was weakened under the condition of high levels of self-compassion. Findings of this study emphasize the buffering effect of self-compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, and are informative for prevention and intervention of this behavioral problem.
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Cole DA, Sinclair-McBride KR, Zelkowitz R, Bilsk SA, Roeder K, Spinelli T. Peer Victimization and Harsh Parenting Predict Cognitive Diatheses for Depression in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2016; 45:668-680. [PMID: 25751612 PMCID: PMC4564367 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1004679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined peer victimization and harsh parenting as longitudinal predictors of broadband and narrowband cognitions associated with the etiology of depression in children and adolescents. The sample consisted of 214 elementary and middle school students. At the start of the study, their average age was 12.2 years (SD = 1.0). The sex ratio was 112 girls to 102 boys. The sample was ethnically diverse (58.9% Caucasian, 34.1% African American, 10.7% Hispanic, 3.3% Asian, and 5.2% other). Children and their parents completed measures of peer victimization and harsh parenting. At two waves 1 year apart, children also completed questionnaire measures of negative and positive broadband cognitive style (e.g., personal failure, global self-worth) and narrowband self-perceptions (e.g., perceived social threat, social acceptance). Every Wave 2 cognitive variable was predicted by peer victimization or harsh parenting or both, even after controlling for a Wave 1 measure of the same cognitive variable. Peer victimization more consistently predicted narrowband social/interpersonal cognitions, whereas harsh parenting more consistently predicted broadband positive and negative cognitions. Furthermore, controlling for positive and negative self-cognitions eliminated a statistically significant effect of harsh parenting and peer victimization on depressive symptoms. Support emerged for the social learning of negative self-cognitions. Support also emerged for negative self-cognitions as a mediator of depressive symptoms. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cole
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Rachel Zelkowitz
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | - Sarah A Bilsk
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
| | - Tawny Spinelli
- a Department of Psychology and Human Development , Vanderbilt University
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Farrell AD, Sullivan TN, Goncy EA, Le ATH. Assessment of adolescents' victimization, aggression, and problem behaviors: Evaluation of the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale. Psychol Assess 2016; 28:702-714. [PMID: 26372261 PMCID: PMC6714549 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (PBFS), a self-report measure designed to assess adolescents' frequency of victimization, aggression, and other problem behaviors. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 5,532 adolescents from 37 schools at 4 sites. About half (49%) of participants were male; 48% self-identified as Black non-Hispanic; 21% as Hispanic, 18% as White non-Hispanic. Adolescents completed the PBFS and measures of beliefs and values related to aggression, and delinquent peer associations at the start of the 6th grade and over 2 years later. Ratings of participants' behavior were also obtained from teachers on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 7-factor model that differentiated among 3 forms of aggression (physical, verbal, and relational), 2 forms of victimization (overt and relational), drug use, and other delinquent behavior. Support was found for strong measurement invariance across gender, sites, and time. The PBFS factors generally showed the expected pattern of correlations with teacher ratings of adolescents' behavior and self-report measures of relevant constructs. (PsycINFO Database Record
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van Harmelen AL, Gibson JL, St Clair MC, Owens M, Brodbeck J, Dunn V, Lewis G, Croudace T, Jones PB, Kievit RA, Goodyer IM. Friendships and Family Support Reduce Subsequent Depressive Symptoms in At-Risk Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153715. [PMID: 27144447 PMCID: PMC4856353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) consists of child family adversities (CFA: negative experiences that happened within the family environment) and/or peer bullying. ELS plays an important role in the development of adolescent depressive symptoms and clinical disorders. Identifying factors that may reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents with ELS may have important public mental health implications. METHODS We used structural equation modelling and examined the impact of adolescent friendships and/or family support at age 14 on depressive symptoms at age 17 in adolescents exposed to ELS before age 11. To this end, we used structural equation modelling in a community sample of 771 adolescents (322 boys and 477 girls) from a 3 year longitudinal study. Significant paths in the model were followed-up to test whether social support mediated or moderated the association between ELS and depressive symptoms at age 17. RESULTS We found that adolescent social support in adolescence is negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms in boys and girls exposed to ELS. Specifically, we found evidence for two mediational pathways: In the first pathway family support mediated the link between CFA and depressive symptoms at age 17. Specifically, CFA was negatively associated with adolescent family support at age 14, which in turn was negatively associated with depressive symptoms at age 17. In the second pathway we found that adolescent friendships mediated the path between peer bullying and depressive symptoms. Specifically, relational bullying was negatively associated with adolescent friendships at age 14, which in turn were negatively associated with depressive symptoms at age 17. In contrast, we did not find a moderating effect of friendships and family support on the association between CFA and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Friendships and/or family support in adolescence mediate the relationship between ELS and late adolescent depressive symptoms in boys and girls. Therefore, enhancing affiliate relationships and positive family environments may benefit the mental health of vulnerable youth that have experienced CFA and/or primary school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny L. Gibson
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C. St Clair
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannette Brodbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Croudace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier A. Kievit
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kelly AB, Mason WA, Chmelka MB, Herrenkohl TI, Kim MJ, Patton GC, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Depressed Mood During Early to Middle Adolescence: A Bi-national Longitudinal Study of the Unique Impact of Family Conflict. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1604-13. [PMID: 26861643 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depressed mood is related to the development of subsequent mental health problems, and family problems have been linked to adolescent depression. Longitudinal research on adolescent depressed mood is needed to establish the unique impact of family problems independent of other potential drivers. This study tested the extent to which family conflict exacerbates depressed mood during adolescence, independent of changes in depressed mood over time, academic performance, bullying victimization, negative cognitive style, and gender. Students (13 years old) participated in a three-wave bi-national study (n = 961 from the State of Washington, United States, n = 981 from Victoria, Australia; 98 % retention, 51 % female in each sample). The model was cross-lagged and controlled for the autocorrelation of depressed mood, negative cognitive style, academic failure, and bullying victimization. Family conflict partially predicted changes in depressed mood independent of changes in depressed mood over time and the other controls. There was also evidence that family conflict and adolescent depressed mood are reciprocally related over time. The findings were closely replicated across the two samples. The study identifies potential points of intervention to interrupt the progression of depressed mood in early to middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - W Alex Mason
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Mary B Chmelka
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- College of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - George C Patton
- University of Melbourne and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wittenborn AK, Rahmandad H, Rick J, Hosseinichimeh N. Depression as a systemic syndrome: mapping the feedback loops of major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:551-562. [PMID: 26621339 PMCID: PMC4737091 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a complex public health problem with considerable variation in treatment response. The systemic complexity of depression, or the feedback processes among diverse drivers of the disorder, contribute to the persistence of depression. This paper extends prior attempts to understand the complex causal feedback mechanisms that underlie depression by presenting the first broad boundary causal loop diagram of depression dynamics. METHOD We applied qualitative system dynamics methods to map the broad feedback mechanisms of depression. We used a structured approach to identify candidate causal mechanisms of depression in the literature. We assessed the strength of empirical support for each mechanism and prioritized those with support from validation studies. Through an iterative process, we synthesized the empirical literature and created a conceptual model of major depressive disorder. RESULTS The literature review and synthesis resulted in the development of the first causal loop diagram of reinforcing feedback processes of depression. It proposes candidate drivers of illness, or inertial factors, and their temporal functioning, as well as the interactions among drivers of depression. The final causal loop diagram defines 13 key reinforcing feedback loops that involve nine candidate drivers of depression. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to expand upon this initial model of depression dynamics. Quantitative extensions may result in a better understanding of the systemic syndrome of depression and contribute to personalized methods of evaluation, prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Wittenborn
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H. Rahmandad
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Rick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - N. Hosseinichimeh
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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It gets better or does it? Peer victimization and internalizing problems in the transition to young adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 26:675-88. [PMID: 25047291 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Consistent research shows that peer victimization predicts internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence, but the extent to which peer victimization and its harmful effects on mental health persists into young adulthood is unclear. The current study describes patterns of physical and relational victimization during and after high school, and examines concurrent and prospective associations between internalizing symptoms (depressive and anxious symptoms) and peer victimization (physical and relational) from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 12-27). Data were collected from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, a five-wave multicohort study conducted biennially between 2003 and 2011 (N = 662). Physical victimization was consistently low and stable over time. Relational victimization increased for males after high school. Both types of victimization were associated concurrently with internalizing symptoms across young adulthood for males and for females. Although sex differences were important, victimization in high school also predicted increases in internalizing problems over time.
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