1
|
Wang Y, Yang JS, Zhao M, Chen JQ, Xie HX, Yu HY, Liu NH, Yi ZJ, Liang HL, Xing L, Jiang HL. Mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115355. [PMID: 38849004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) independent of nuclear gene is a set of double-stranded circular DNA that encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 mitochondrial transfer RNAs, all of which play vital roles in functions as well as behaviors of mitochondria. Mutations in mtDNA result in various mitochondrial disorders without available cures. However, the manipulation of mtDNA via the mitochondria-targeted gene delivery faces formidable barriers, particularly owing to the mitochondrial double membrane. Given the fact that there are various transport channels on the mitochondrial membrane used to transfer a variety of endogenous substances to maintain the normal functions of mitochondria, mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials have been proposed for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. In this review, we summarize mitochondria-targeted gene delivery systems based on different mitochondrial endogenous substance transport pathways. These are categorized into mitochondrial steroid hormones import pathways-inspired nanomaterials, protein import pathways-inspired nanomaterials and other mitochondria-targeted gene delivery nanomaterials. We also review the applications and challenges involved in current mitochondrial gene editing systems. This review delves into the approaches of mitochondria-targeted gene delivery, providing details on the design of mitochondria-targeted delivery systems and the limitations regarding the various technologies. Despite the progress in this field is currently slow, the ongoing exploration of mitochondrial endogenous substance transport and mitochondrial biological phenomena may act as a crucial breakthrough in the targeted delivery of gene into mitochondria and even the manipulation of mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Juan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bowen MB, Melendez B, Zhang Q, Moreno D, Peralta L, Chan WK, Jeter C, Tan L, Zal MA, Lorenzi PL, Dunner K, Yang RK, Broaddus RR, Celestino J, Gokul N, Whitley E, Schmandt R, Lu K, Kim HE, Yates MS. Mitochondrial defects and metabolic vulnerabilities in Lynch syndrome-associated MSH2-deficient endometrial cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.596841. [PMID: 38915709 PMCID: PMC11195112 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.596841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is defined by inherited mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, including MSH2, and carries 60% lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC). Beyond hypermutability, specific mechanisms for LS-associated endometrial carcinogenesis are not well understood. Here, we assessed the effects of MSH2 loss on EC pathogenesis using a novel mouse model (PR-Cre Msh2 flox/flox , abbreviated Msh2KO), primary cell lines established from this model, human tissues, and human EC cell lines with isogenic MSH2 knockdown. Beginning at eight months of age, 30% of Msh2KO mice exhibited endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH), a precancerous lesion. At 12 to 16 months of age, 47% of Msh2KO mice exhibited either AH or ECs with histologic features similar to human LS-related ECs. Transcriptomic profiling of EC from Msh2KO mice revealed a transcriptomic signature for mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies in vitro and in vivo revealed mitochondrial dysfunction based upon two mechanisms: marked mitochondrial content reduction, along with pronounced disruptions to the integrity of retained mitochondria. Human LS-related ECs also exhibited mitochondrial content reduction compared with non-LS-related ECs. Functional studies revealed metabolic reprogramming of MSH2-deficient EC cells in vitro , including reduced oxidative phosphorylation and increased susceptibility to glycolysis suppression. We are the first to identify mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruption as a consequence of MSH2 deficiency-related EC. Mitochondrial and metabolic aberrations should be evaluated as novel biomarkers for endometrial carcinogenesis or risk stratification and could serve as targets for cancer interception in women with LS. Significance This is the first study to report mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to MSH2-deficient endometrial cancer development, identifying a noncanonical pathway for MSH2 deficient carcinogenesis, which also imparts vulnerability to metabolic targeting.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lopez-Lee C, Torres ERS, Carling G, Gan L. Mechanisms of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2024; 112:1208-1221. [PMID: 38402606 PMCID: PMC11076015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the mechanisms underlying its etiology and progression are complex and multifactorial. The higher AD risk in women may serve as a clue to better understand these complicated processes. In this review, we examine aspects of AD that demonstrate sex-dependent effects and delve into the potential biological mechanisms responsible, compiling findings from advanced technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and multi-omics analyses. We review evidence that sex hormones and sex chromosomes interact with various disease mechanisms during aging, encompassing inflammation, metabolism, and autophagy, leading to unique characteristics in disease progression between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lopez-Lee
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian Carling
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fliegner D, Ellieva A, Angelov A, Petrov G, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Sex differences and estrogen effects in cardiac mitochondria in human aortic stenosis and in the mouse heart. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181044. [PMID: 37916152 PMCID: PMC10617023 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex differences in the adaptation to pressure overload have been described in humans, as well as animal models, and have been related to sex-specific expression of mitochondrial genes. We therefore tested whether sex differences in cardiac mitochondrial respiration exist in humans with aortic stenosis (AS). We also examined whether these potential differences may be at least partially due to sex hormones by testing if mitochondrial respiration is affected by estrogen (17ß-estradiol (E2)). Methods Consecutive patients undergoing transapical aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (women, n = 7; men, n = 10) were included. Cardiac biopsies were obtained during TAVI and used directly for mitochondrial function measurements. Male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 8/group) underwent sham surgery or gonadectomy (GDX) at the age of 2 months. After 14 days, mice were treated once with intraperitoneally injected vehicle (placebo), 17ß-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist [propyl pyrazole triol (PPT)], or ER beta (ERβ) agonist (BAY-1214257). Thereafter, mitochondrial measurements were performed directly in cardiac skinned fibers from isolated left ventricles and musculus solei. Results Mitochondrial State-3 respiration was higher in female than that in male human heart biopsies (15.0 ± 2.30 vs. 10.3 ± 2.05 nmol/mL/min/mg, p< 0.05). In the mouse model, mitochondrial State-3 respiration decreased significantly after GDX in female (27.6 ± 1.55 vs. 21.4 ± 1.71 nmol/mL/min/mg; p< 0.05) and male hearts (30.7 ± 1,48 vs. 23.7 ± 2,23 nmol/mL/min/mg; p< 0.05). In ovariectomized female mice, E2 and ERβ-agonist treatment restored the State-3 respiration to intact placebo level, whereas ERα-agonist treatment did not modulate State-3 respiration. The treatment with E2, ERα-, or ERβ-agonist did not modulate the State-3 respiration in GDX male mice. Conclusion We identified sex differences in mitochondrial respiration in the diseased human heart. This is in alignment with known sex differences in the gene expression and proteome level at the functional level. E2 and ERβ affect cardiac mitochondrial function in the mouse model, suggesting that they may also contribute to the sex differences in the human heart. Their roles should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fliegner
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Affairs Internal Medicine, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ellieva
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Angelov
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stryhn JKG, Larsen J, Pedersen PL, Gæde PH. Expressions of mitochondria-related genes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism, and expressions of miRNAs in maternal and cord blood. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 37723507 PMCID: PMC10506244 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and definition by upper thyrotropin (TSH) cutoff are controversial. As mitochondria are influenced by thyroid hormones, the purpose in this study was to measure expression of mitochondria-related genes in euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnant women to obtain more knowledge of potential metabolic consequences of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism. In addition, we wished to test if applied TSH-cutoff significantly changed our results of expressed gene-levels. Moreover, we aimed to identify potential microRNA-biomarkers for subclinical hypothyroidism - markers that could be traced to offspring as well. METHODS From a cohort of at-term pregnant women undergoing planned cesarean section, 77 women had expression levels of the mitochondria-related genes Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β), mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF-2) determined by qPCR from blood sampled in prior to delivery. Two TSH-cutoff levels defining subclinical hypothyroidism (> 3.0 and > 3.7 mIU/L) were applied for the procession of results, generating two data analyses of the same cohort. In 22 pairwise maternal-cord samples (subclinical hypothyroid/euthyroid-rate 0.5, TSH-cutoff > 3.0 mIU/L), microRNA-expressions (miRNA) were analyzed. RESULTS All gene expressions were lower in the subclinical hypothyroid group regardless of applied TSH-cutoff, but insignificant except for PGC-1β at TSH cutoff > 3.0 mIU/L. Two miRNAs (hsa-let-7d-3p and hsa-miR-345-5p) were upregulated in blood from women and offspring (cord blood) with subclinical hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS A trend towards decreased mitochondrial gene expressions in subclinical hypothyroidism were demonstrated. The miRNAs hsa-let-7d-3p and hsa-miR-345-5p might be potential markers of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism. However, larger studies are needed to verify the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Guldberg Stryhn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Slagelse Hospital, Fælledvej 13, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløws Parken, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Roskilde Hospital, Sygehusvej 9, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Palle Lyngsie Pedersen
- Mitochondria Research Unit, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Peter Haulund Gæde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløws Parken, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 3, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Slagelse Hospital, Fælledvej 7, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han S, Mueller C, Wuebbolt C, Kilcullen S, Nayyar V, Calle Gonzalez B, Mahdavi Fard A, Floss JC, Morales MJ, Patel SP. Selective effects of estradiol on human corneal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15279. [PMID: 37714879 PMCID: PMC10504266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), mitochondrial and oxidative stresses in corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) contribute to cell demise and disease progression. FECD is more common in women than men, but the basis for this observation is poorly understood. To understand the sex disparity in FECD prevalence, we studied the effects of the sex hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism in primary cultures of HCEnCs grown under physiologic ([O2]2.5) and hyperoxic ([O2]A) conditions. We hypothesized that E2 would counter the damage of oxidative stress generated at [O2]A. HCEnCs were treated with or without E2 (10 nM) for 7-10 days under both conditions. Treatment with E2 did not significantly alter HCEnC density, viability, ROS levels, oxidative DNA damage, oxygen consumption rates, or extracellular acidification rates in either condition. E2 disrupted mitochondrial morphology in HCEnCs solely from female donors in the [O2]A condition. ATP levels were significantly higher at [O2]2.5 than at [O2]A in HCEnCs from female donors only, but were not affected by E2. Our findings demonstrate the resilience of HCEnCs against hyperoxic stress. The effects of hyperoxia and E2 on HCEnCs from female donors suggest cell sex-specific mechanisms of toxicity and hormonal influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Han
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin Wuebbolt
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sean Kilcullen
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Varinda Nayyar
- Research Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brayan Calle Gonzalez
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ali Mahdavi Fard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jamie C Floss
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Morales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sangita P Patel
- Research Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han S, Mueller C, Wuebbolt C, Kilcullen S, Nayyar V, Gonzalez BC, Fard AM, Floss JC, Morales MJ, Patel SP. Selective effects of estradiol on human corneal endothelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538629. [PMID: 37162976 PMCID: PMC10168450 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) results from genetic and environmental factors triggering mitochondrial and oxidative stress in corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) leading to CEnC death and corneal opacification. FECD is more common in women than men, but the basis for this observation is unknown. Because FECD is commonly diagnosed around the time of the menopausal transition in women when estrogen levels decrease precipitously, we studied the effects of the potent estrogen,17-β estradiol (E2) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism in primary cultures of human CEnCs (HCEnCs) under conditions of physiologic 2.5% O 2 ([O 2 ] 2.5 ) and under hyperoxic stress ([O 2 ] A : room air + 5% CO 2 ). We hypothesized that E2 would counter the stresses of the hyperoxic environment in HCEnCs. HCEnCs were treated ± 10 nM E2 for 7-10 days at [O 2 ] 2.5 and [O 2 ] A followed by measurements of cell density, viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial morphology, oxidative DNA damage, ATP levels, mitochondrial respiration (O 2 consumption rate [OCR]), and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate [ECAR]). There were no significant changes in HCEnC density, viability, ROS levels, oxidative DNA damage, OCR, and ECAR in response to E2 under either O 2 condition. We found that E2 disrupted mitochondrial morphology in HCEnCs from female donors but not male donors at the [O 2 ] A condition. ATP levels were significantly higher at [O 2 ] 2.5 compared to [O 2 ] A in HCEnCs from female donors only, but were not affected by E2. Our findings demonstrate the overall resilience of primary HCEnCs against hyperoxic stress. The selective detrimental effects of hyperoxia and estradiol on HCEnCs from female but not male donors suggests mechanisms of toxicity based upon cell-sex in addition to hormonal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Han
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Caitlin Wuebbolt
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sean Kilcullen
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Varinda Nayyar
- Research Service, Veterans Administration of Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brayan Calle Gonzalez
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ali Mahdavi Fard
- Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jamie C. Floss
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael J. Morales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sangita P. Patel
- Research Service, Veterans Administration of Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterans Administration of Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Q, Wu L, Song J, Ye L, Zhang Q, Che X, Zhang X, Wang L. Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 as a Prognostic Predictor of New-Onset Heart Failure among Women after Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Cardiology 2023; 148:230-238. [PMID: 36720203 DOI: 10.1159/000529365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the prognostic factors among women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), partly due to the small number of women included in heart failure (HF) clinical trials. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been proven to be a new biomarker for acute and chronic HF over the years. We hypothesize that HE4 could be a promising predictor. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital. This study included 302 female patients with ACS between January 1, 2021, and December 1, 2021. The primary outcome was new-onset HF after ACS during the 12-month follow-up period. We used a logistic regression model to evaluate the association between serum HE4 levels and the incidence of HF. Serum HE4 levels were measured at baseline (within 24 h after admission). RESULTS Of the 302 female patients, 70 (23.2%) developed new-onset HF within 12 months. Serum HE4 levels in patients with adverse events were significantly higher than those in patients without events (8.9 [7.3-11.5] pmol/dL versus 5.9 [5.0-6.8] pmol/dL, p < 0.001). The levels of HE4, troponin I peak, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were validated as independent predictors, with HE4 being the best laboratory predictor (area under the curve, 0.863; 95% confidence interval, 0.817-0.909). Serum HE4 concentrations of >6.93 pmol/dL distinguished patients at risk of HF with 82.9% sensitivity and 78.0% specificity (maximum Youden index J, 0.609). Moreover, HE4 levels were associated with an increased risk of HF. DISCUSSION We found a strong relationship between HE4 and the occurrence of HF after ACS among women, which might help identify patients at high risk of HF for whom close or intense management should be mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Yan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China,
| | - Liuyang Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jikai Song
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Zhang
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoru Che
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Renke G, Kemen E, Scalabrin P, Braz C, Baêsso T, Pereira MB. Cardio-Metabolic Health and HRT in Menopause: Novel Insights in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and RAAS. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e060223213459. [PMID: 36748220 PMCID: PMC10494270 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230206130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows the cardiometabolic effects of estrogen administration in postmenopausal women. Women have a cardiometabolic advantage during their reproductive years, which is lost at menopause due to declining estradiol (E2). E2, also known as 17-beta-estradiol, has diverse effects in its target tissues, including the cardiovascular (CV) system, through genomic and non-genomic signaling. Metabolic changes characteristic of menopause include a worsening lipid profile, changes in body fat distribution, epicardial and pericardial fat deposition, increased susceptibility to weight gain, and increased blood pressure, resulting in an increased risk of accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. E2 mediates its cardioprotective actions by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and vasodilation, decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, and modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). In this review, we assess whether it is prudent to develop an approach to managing postmenopausal women based on modifying the patient's CV risk that includes human-identical hormone replacement therapy (HRT), modulation of RAAS, and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Further research is needed to assess the safety and benefit of HRT to reduce cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- National Institute of Cardiology, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine Kemen
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Scalabrin
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleibe Braz
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomáz Baêsso
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang M, Liu Z, Shao J, Zhou J, Wang H, Song C, Li X, Wang L, Xu Q, Liu X, Lin L, Zhang R. Estrogen receptor α regulates phenotypic switching and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling pathway under simulated microgravity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1039913. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling during microgravity exposure results in postflight cardiovascular deconditioning and orthostatic intolerance in astronauts. To clarify the underlying mechanism, we investigated whether estrogen receptor α (ERα)-NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling was involved in the dedifferentiation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under simulated microgravity. Phenotypic markers, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in rat thoracic artery smooth muscle cells were examined. Four-week hindlimb unweighting (HU) was used to simulate microgravity in rats and 10% serum was used to induce VSMCs dedifferentiation in vitro. The effects of ERα-NRF1-OMI signaling on mitophagy, phenotypic switching and proliferation of VSMCs, and cerebrovascular remodeling in HU rats were studied by genetic manipulation and chronic drug intervention. We found that ERα is positively associated with contractile phenotype switching but inversely correlated with synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of VSMCs both in vivo and in vitro. During the dedifferentiation process of VSMCs, reduced mtDNA copy number, disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, and perturbed fission-fusion-mitophagy signaling were detected, which were reversed by ERα overexpression. Mechanistically, the ERα downstream protein OMI preserved the mitochondrial Parkin level by increasing its protein stability, thereby protecting mitophagy. In line with this, we found that activating ERα signaling by propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) could alleviate the synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of HU rat cerebral VSMCs by reestablishing fission-fusion-mitophagy hemostasis. The current study clarified a novel mechanism by which inhibited ERα-NRF1-OMI-mitophagy signaling resulted in synthetic phenotype switching and proliferation of VSMCs and cerebrovascular remodeling under simulated microgravity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Queathem ED, Fitzgerald M, Welly R, Rowles CC, Schaller K, Bukhary S, Baines CP, Rector RS, Padilla J, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ. Suppression of estrogen receptor beta classical genomic activity enhances systemic and adipose-specific response to chronic beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) stimulation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920675. [PMID: 36213237 PMCID: PMC9534559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction independently predicts cardiometabolic disease, yet there is a lack of effective adipocyte-targeting therapeutics. B3AR agonists enhance adipocyte mitochondrial function and hold potential in this regard. Based on enhanced sensitivity to B3AR-mediated browning in estrogen receptor (ER)alpha-null mice, we hypothesized that ERβ may enhance the WAT response to the B3AR ligand, CL316,243 (CL). Methods: Male and female wild-type (WT) and ERβ DNA binding domain knock-out (ERβDBDKO) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were administered CL (1 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks. Systemic physiological assessments of body composition (EchoMRI), bioenergetics (metabolic chambers), adipocyte mitochondrial respiration (oroboros) and glucose tolerance were performed, alongside perigonadal (PGAT), subcutaneous (SQAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) protein expression assessment (Western blot). Mechanisms were tested in vitro using primary adipocytes isolated from WT mice, and from Esr2-floxed mice in which ERβ was knocked down. Statistical analyses were performed using 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for main effects of genotype (G) and treatment (T), as well as GxT interactions; t-tests were used to determine differences between in vitro treatment conditions (SPSS V24). Results: There were no genotype differences in HFD-induced obesity or systemic rescue effects of CL, yet ERβDBDKO females were more sensitive to CL-induced increases in energy expenditure and WAT UCP1 induction (GxT, p < 0.05), which coincided with greater WAT B3AR protein content among the KO (G, p < 0.05). Among males, who were more insulin resistant to begin with (no genotype differences before treatment), tended to be more sensitive to CL-mediated reduction in insulin resistance. With sexes combined, basal WAT mitochondrial respiration trended toward being lower in the ERβDBDKO mice, but this was completely rescued by CL (p < 0.05). Confirming prior work, CL increased adipose tissue ERβ protein (T, p < 0.05, all), an effect that was enhanced in WAT and BAT the female KO (GxT, p < 0.01). In vitro experiments indicated that an inhibitor of ERβ genomic function (PHTPP) synergized with CL to further increase UCP1 mRNA (p = 0.043), whereas full ERβ protein was required for UCP1 expression (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Full ERβ activity appears requisite and stimulatory for UCP1 expression via a mechanism involving non-classical ERβ signaling. This novel discovery about the role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolism may have important clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Queathem
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Maggie Fitzgerald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Candace C. Rowles
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kylie Schaller
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shahad Bukhary
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Truman VA Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guajardo-Correa E, Silva-Agüero JF, Calle X, Chiong M, Henríquez M, García-Rivas G, Latorre M, Parra V. Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:968373. [PMID: 36187489 PMCID: PMC9516331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.968373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that pre-menopausal women are more protected against the development of CVDs compared to men of the same age. This effect is attributed to the action/effects of sex steroid hormones on the cardiovascular system. In this context, estrogen modulates cardiovascular function in physiological and pathological conditions, being one of the main physiological cardioprotective agents. Here we describe the common pathways and mechanisms by which estrogens modulate the retrograde and anterograde communication between the nucleus and mitochondria, highlighting the role of genomic and non-genomic pathways mediated by estrogen receptors. Additionally, we discuss the presumable role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function in different CVD models and how this protein could act as a master regulator of estrogen protective activity. Altogether, this review focuses on estrogenic control in gene expression and molecular pathways, how this activity governs nucleus-mitochondria communication, and its projection for a future generation of strategies in CVDs treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Guajardo-Correa
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Silva-Agüero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Calle
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henríquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Latorre
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Latorre, ; Valentina Parra,
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Latorre, ; Valentina Parra,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sex Steroid Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis: Insights from Laboratory Studies to Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071705. [PMID: 35885010 PMCID: PMC9312843 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are reproductive disorders that may cause infertility. The pathology of both diseases has been suggested to be associated with sex steroid hormone receptors, including oestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PRs) and androgen receptors (ARs). Therefore, with this review, we aim to provide an update on the available knowledge of these receptors and how their interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS and endometriosis. One of the main PCOS-related medical conditions is abnormal folliculogenesis, which is associated with the downregulation of ER and AR expression in the ovaries. In addition, metabolic disorders in PCOS are caused by dysregulation of sex steroid hormone receptor expression. Furthermore, endometriosis is related to the upregulation of ER and the downregulation of PR expression. These receptors may serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCOS-related disorders and endometriosis, considering their pathophysiological roles. Receptor agonists may be applied to increase the expression of a specific receptor and treat endometriosis or metabolic disorders. In contrast, receptor antagonist functions to reduce receptor expression and can be used to treat endometriosis and induce ovulation. Understanding PCOS and the pathological roles of endometriosis sex steroid receptors is crucial for developing potential therapeutic strategies to treat infertility in both conditions. Therefore, research should be continued to fill the knowledge gap regarding the subject.
Collapse
|
18
|
Álvarez-Delgado C. The role of mitochondria and mitochondrial hormone receptors on the bioenergetic adaptations to lactation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111661. [PMID: 35483518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most recognized role of mitochondria is producing more than 90% of the total cellular energy in the form of ATP. In addition, mitochondrial function encompasses the maintenance of antioxidant balance, the regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations, the progression of cell death, and the biosynthesis of purines, hemes, lipids, amino acids and steroid hormones. Mitochondria are also important hormone targets. Estrogens, progestagens, and prolactin, are among the hormones that can impact mitochondrial function and modulate the underlying adaptations to changing bioenergetic and metabolic needs. Lactation represents a metabolic challenge with significant increases in energy requirements and fluctuating levels of hormones. To meet these bioenergetic demands, liver mitochondria increase their state 3 and 4 respiration, adjust superoxide dismutase activity, and elevate succinate dehydrogenase-related respiration. Skeletal muscle mitochondria respond by increasing their respiratory control ratio and adjusting catalase activity. In this review, these adaptations are described considering the lactation hormonal milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Álvarez-Delgado
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Guo X, Hong X, Wang G, Pearson C, Zuckerman B, Clark AG, O'Brien KO, Wang X, Gu Z. Association of mitochondrial DNA content, heteroplasmies and inter-generational transmission with autism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3790. [PMID: 35778412 PMCID: PMC9249801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for brain development. While previous studies linked dysfunctional mitochondria with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the role of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in ASD risk is largely unexplored. This study investigates the association of mtDNA heteroplasmies (co-existence of mutated and unmutated mtDNA) and content with ASD, as well as its inter-generational transmission and sex differences among two independent samples: a family-based study (n = 1,938 families with parents, probands and sibling controls) and a prospective birth cohort (n = 997 mother-child pairs). In both samples, predicted pathogenic (PP) heteroplasmies in children are associated with ASD risk (Meta-OR = 1.56, P = 0.00068). Inter-generational transmission of mtDNA reveals attenuated effects of purifying selection on maternal heteroplasmies in children with ASD relative to controls, particularly among males. Among children with ASD and PP heteroplasmies, increased mtDNA content shows benefits for cognition, communication, and behaviors (P ≤ 0.02). These results underscore the value of exploring maternal and newborn mtDNA in ASD. Most genetic studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on the nuclear genome. Here, the authors show that variations in mitochondrial DNA, detectable at birth, are also associated with risk of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Genetics and Medicine, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mally A, Jarzina S. Mapping Adverse Outcome Pathways for Kidney Injury as a Basis for the Development of Mechanism-Based Animal-Sparing Approaches to Assessment of Nephrotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:863643. [PMID: 35785263 PMCID: PMC9242087 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.863643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In line with recent OECD activities on the use of AOPs in developing Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATAs), it is expected that systematic mapping of AOPs leading to systemic toxicity may provide a mechanistic framework for the development and implementation of mechanism-based in vitro endpoints. These may form part of an integrated testing strategy to reduce the need for repeated dose toxicity studies. Focusing on kidney and in particular the proximal tubule epithelium as a key target site of chemical-induced injury, the overall aim of this work is to contribute to building a network of AOPs leading to nephrotoxicity. Current mechanistic understanding of kidney injury initiated by 1) inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (mtDNA Polγ), 2) receptor mediated endocytosis and lysosomal overload, and 3) covalent protein binding, which all present fairly well established, common mechanisms by which certain chemicals or drugs may cause nephrotoxicity, is presented and systematically captured in a formal description of AOPs in line with the OECD AOP development programme and in accordance with the harmonized terminology provided by the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki. The relative level of confidence in the established AOPs is assessed based on evolved Bradford-Hill weight of evidence considerations of biological plausibility, essentiality and empirical support (temporal and dose-response concordance).
Collapse
|
21
|
Almey A, Milner TA, Brake WG. Estrogen receptors observed at extranuclear neuronal sites and in glia in the nucleus accumbens core and shell of the female rat: Evidence for localization to catecholaminergic and GABAergic neurons. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2056-2072. [PMID: 35397175 PMCID: PMC9167786 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens affect dopamine-dependent diseases/behavior and have rapid effects on dopamine release and receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Low levels of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ are seen in the NAc, which cannot account for the rapid effects of estrogens in this region. G-protein coupled ER 1 (GPER1) is observed at low levels in the NAc shell, which also likely does not account for the array of estrogens' effects in this region. Prior studies demonstrated membrane-associated ERs in the dorsal striatum; these experiments extend those findings to the NAc core and shell. Single- and dual-immunolabeling electron microscopy determined whether ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are at extranuclear sites in the NAc core and shell and whether ERα and GPER1 were localized to catecholaminergic or γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons. All three ERs are observed, almost exclusively, at extranuclear sites in the NAc, and similarly distributed in the core and shell. ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 are primarily in axons and axon terminals suggesting that estrogens affect transmission in the NAc via presynaptic mechanisms. About 10% of these receptors are found on glia. A small proportion of ERα and GPER1 are localized to catecholaminergic terminals, suggesting that binding at these ERs alters release of catecholamines, including dopamine. A larger proportion of ERα and GPER1 are localized to GABAergic dendrites and terminals, suggesting that estrogens alter GABAergic transmission to indirectly affect dopamine transmission in the NAc. Thus, the localization of ERs could account for the rapid effects of estrogen in the NAc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Almey
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teresa A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wayne G Brake
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology (CSBN), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
DHEA Protects Human Cholangiocytes and Hepatocytes against Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061038. [PMID: 35326489 PMCID: PMC8947473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare chronic cholestatic and immune-mediated liver disease of unknown aetiology that targets intrahepatic bile duct cells (cholangiocytes) and primarily affects postmenopausal women, when their estrogen levels sharply decrease. An impaired cholangiocyte response to estrogen characterizes the terminal stage of the disease, as this is when an inefficiency of cholangiocyte proliferation, in balancing the loss of intrahepatic bile ducts, is observed. Here, we report that the estrogen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate metabolites, DHEA-S and 17 β-estradiol, enhance the proliferation of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DHEA and DHEA-S decreased glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC)-driven apoptosis in cholangiocytes. Cell viability assay (MTT) indicated that ER-α, -β, and the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor, are involved in the protection of DHEA against oxidative stress in cholangiocytes. Finally, immunoblot analysis showed an elevated level of steroid sulfatase and a reduced level of sulfotransferase 1E1 enzymes, involved in the desulfation/sulfation process of estrogens in cirrhotic PBC, and primary sclerosis cholangitis (PSC) liver tissues, another type of chronic cholestatic and immune-mediated liver disease. Taken together, these results suggest that DHEA can prevent the deleterious effects of certain potentially toxic bile acids and reactive oxygen species, delaying the onset of liver disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
White Adipose Tissue Depots Respond to Chronic Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Activation in a Sexually Dimorphic and Depot Divergent Manner. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123453. [PMID: 34943961 PMCID: PMC8700379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor activation via exercise or CL316,243 (CL) induces white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces visceral adiposity. Our aim was to determine if sex or adipose tissue depot differences exist in response to CL. Daily CL injections were administered to diet-induced obese male and female mice for two weeks, creating four groups: male control, male CL, female control, and female CL. These groups were compared to determine the main and interaction effects of sex (S), CL treatment (T), and WAT depot (D). Glucose tolerance, body composition, and energy intake and expenditure were assessed, along with perigonadal (PGAT) and subcutaneous (SQAT) WAT gene and protein expression. CL consistently improved glucose tolerance and body composition. Female PGAT had greater protein expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), while SQAT (S, p < 0.001) was more responsive to CL in increasing UCP1 (S×T, p = 0.011) and the mitochondrial biogenesis induction protein, PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) (S×T, p = 0.026). Females also displayed greater mitochondrial OXPHOS (S, p < 0.05) and adiponectin protein content (S, p < 0.05). On the other hand, male SQAT was more responsive to CL in increasing protein levels of PGC1α (S×T, p = 0.046) and adiponectin (S, p < 0.05). In both depots and in both sexes, CL significantly increased estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and glucose-related protein 75 (GRP75) protein content (T, p < 0.05). Thus, CL improves systemic and adipose tissue-specific metabolism in both sexes; however, sex differences exist in the WAT-specific effects of CL. Furthermore, across sexes and depots, CL affects estrogen signaling by upregulating ERβ.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shaw GA. Mitochondria as the target for disease related hormonal dysregulation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100350. [PMID: 34746877 PMCID: PMC8554460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in the synthesis of steroid hormones, including the sex hormone estrogen. Sex-specific regulation of these hormones is important for phenotypic development and downstream, sex-specific activational effects in both brain and behavior. First, mitochondrial contribution to the synthesis of estrogen, followed by a discussion of the signaling interactions between estrogen and the mitochondria will be reviewed. Next, disorders with an established sex difference related to aging, mood, and cognition will be examined. Finally, review of mitochondria as a biomarker of disease and data supporting efforts in targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of these disorders will be discussed. Taken together, this review aims to assess the influence of E2 on mitochondrial function within the brain via exploration of E2-ER interactions within neural mitochondria and how they may act to influence the development and presentation of neurodegenerative and neurocognitive diseases with known sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys A. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alemany M. Estrogens and the regulation of glucose metabolism. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1622-1654. [PMID: 34754368 PMCID: PMC8554369 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main estrogens: estradiol, estrone, and their acyl-esters have been studied essentially related to their classical estrogenic and pharmacologic functions. However, their main effect in the body is probably the sustained control of core energy metabolism. Estrogen nuclear and membrane receptors show an extraordinary flexibility in the modulation of metabolic responses, and largely explain gender and age differences in energy metabolism: part of these mechanisms is already sufficiently known to justify both. With regard to energy, the estrogen molecular species act essentially through four key functions: (1) Facilitation of insulin secretion and control of glucose availability; (2) Modulation of energy partition, favoring the use of lipid as the main energy substrate when more available than carbohydrates; (3) Functional protection through antioxidant mechanisms; and (4) Central effects (largely through neural modulation) on whole body energy management. Analyzing the different actions of estrone, estradiol and their acyl esters, a tentative classification based on structure/effects has been postulated. Either separately or as a group, estrogens provide a comprehensive explanation that not all their quite diverse actions are related solely to specific molecules. As a group, they constitute a powerful synergic action complex. In consequence, estrogens may be considered wardens of energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The Role of 17β-Estrogen in Escherichia coli Adhesion on Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells via FAK Phosphorylation. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0021921. [PMID: 34424749 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00219-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen, the predominant sex hormone, has been found to be related to the occurrence of vaginal infectious diseases. However, its role in the occurrence and development of bacterial vaginitis caused by Escherichia coli is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of 17β-estrogen in E. coli adhesion on human vaginal epithelial cells. The vaginal epithelial cell line VK2/E6E7 was used to study the molecular events induced by estrogen between E. coli and cells. An adhesion study was performed to evaluate the involvement of the estrogen-dependent focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation with cell adhesion. The phosphorylation status of FAK and estrogen receptor α (ERα) upon estrogen challenge was assessed by Western blotting. Specific inhibitors for ERα were used to validate the involvement of ERα-FAK signaling cascade. The results showed that, following stimulation with 1,000 nM estrogen for 48 h, transient activation of ERα and FAK was observed, as was an increased average number of E. coli cells adhering to vaginal epithelial cells. In addition, estrogen-induced activation of ERα and FAK was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of ERα, especially when the inhibitor reached a 10 μM concentration and acted for 1 h, and a decrease in the number of adherent E. coli cells was observed simultaneously. However, this inhibitory effect diminished as the concentration of estrogen increased. In conclusion, FAK and ERα signaling cascades were associated with the increasing E. coli adherence to vaginal epithelial cells, which was promoted by a certain concentration of estrogen.
Collapse
|
28
|
Multi-Omics Reveals the Immunological Role and Prognostic Potential of Mitochondrial Ubiquitin Ligase MARCH5 in Human Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101329. [PMID: 34680446 PMCID: PMC8533422 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin-linked enzyme MARCH5, also known as membrane-associated circular finger 5, is an enzyme encoded by the human MARCH5 gene. The main objective of this study was to visualize the prognosis of MARCH5 in breast cancer and to determine the relationship between MARCH5 expression and tumor immunity. MARCH5 expression was significantly higher in several cancers, including breast cancer (BRCA), compared with corresponding normal tissues. Not only was high MARCH5 expression associated with poorer overall survival, but also MARCH5 expression was positively correlated with the number of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in BRCA malignant tissues. Furthermore, MARCH5 expression showed a strong correlation with various immune markers of BRCA, suggesting its role in regulating tumor immunity. MARCH5 is a useful prognostic biomarker in several cancers, and its expression is highly correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, and increased MARCH5 expression may serve as a new biomarker for BRCA diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Anti-Apoptotic and Antioxidant Activities of the Mitochondrial Estrogen Receptor Beta in N2A Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147620. [PMID: 34299239 PMCID: PMC8306648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the regulation of the reproductive and non-reproductive system physiology. Among non-reproductive systems, the nervous system is mainly affected by estrogens due to their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, which are mediated by membranous and nuclear estrogen receptors, and also by non-estrogen receptor-associated estrogen actions. Neuronal viability and functionality are also associated with the maintenance of mitochondrial functions. Recently, the localization of estrogen receptors, especially estrogen receptor beta, in the mitochondria of many types of neuronal cells is documented, indicating the direct involvement of the mitochondrial estrogen receptor beta (mtERβ) in the maintenance of neuronal physiology. In this study, cell lines of N2A cells stably overexpressing a mitochondrial-targeted estrogen receptor beta were generated and further analyzed to study the direct involvement of mtERβ in estrogen neuroprotective antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions. Results from this study revealed that the presence of estrogen receptor beta in mitochondria render N2A cells more resistant to staurosporine- and H2O2-induced apoptotic stimuli, as indicated by the reduced activation of caspase-9 and -3, the increased cell viability, the increased ATP production, and the increased resistance to mitochondrial impairment in the presence or absence of 17-β estradiol (E2). Thus, the direct involvement of mtERβ in antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities is documented, rendering mtERβ a promising therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction-associated degenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan Y, Cao W, Zhou H, Qian H, Wang H. CLTRN, Regulated by NRF1/RAN/DLD Protein Complex, Enhances Radiation Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through Ferroptosis Pathway. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:859-871. [PMID: 33508374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy is a viable treatment option for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, radiation resistance and adverse effects are issues that needs to be addressed. Herein, for the first time, we investigated the ability of collectrin (CLTRN) to enhance radiosensitivity in patients with HCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq technology) was used to analyze the transcription-level changes in the genes in HepG2 cells before and after x-ray irradiation. Combining the results with the HCC tissue RNA-seq data, we determined the ultimate target gene through bioinformatics analysis and cellular verification. A series of cellular and molecular biology techniques were applied in vitro and in vivo to confirm whether CLTRN can enhance radiosensitivity in HCC cells. Subsequently, the downstream action mechanism, the upstream transcription factor, and the interaction proteins of CLTRN were determined. RESULTS First, we confirmed that CLTRN is the target gene for radiation therapy and verified the association between CLTRN and radiosensitivity. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Investigation of the gene regulatory mechanism revealed that the genes analyzed at the transcriptome level after CLTRN overexpression were mostly enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. As glutathione metabolism forms a vital link in ferroptosis, we surmised that CLTRN is associated with ferroptosis. This was confirmed through detection of cellular iron, determination of reactive oxygen species levels, use of transmission electron microscopy, and monitoring of ferroptosis-related protein indicators. Lastly, we investigated whether nuclear respiratory factor 1 is the upstream transcription factor of CLTRN and whether dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and members of the RAS oncogene family are its interacting proteins. CONCLUSIONS CLTRN is a vital regulator of radiation sensitivity and could serve as a novel therapeutic target or prognostic marker in HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Honggang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andrianova NV, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Therapy for Ischemic Kidney Injury. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1591-1602. [PMID: 33705297 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathological processes that accompany ischemic injury of kidneys and other organs. Based on this, these factors are often chosen as a target for treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a variety of experimental and clinical studies. Note, that since these two components are closely interrelated during AKI development, substances that treat one of the processes often affect the other. The review considers several groups of promising nephroprotectors that have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. For example, many antioxidants, such as vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, not only reduce production of the reactive oxygen species in the cell but also modulate activity of the immune cells. On the other hand, immunosuppressors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that primarily affect inflammation also reduce oxidative stress under some conditions. Another group of therapeutics is represented by hormones, such as estrogens and melatonin, which significantly reduce severity of the kidney damage through modulation of both these processes. We conclude that drugs with combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are the most promising agents for the treatment of acute ischemic kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Flores-Monroy J, Lezama-Martínez D, Fonseca-Coronado S, Martínez-Aguilar L. Differences in the expression of the renin angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system during the course of myocardial infarction in male and female Wistar rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 21:1470320319900038. [PMID: 32458737 PMCID: PMC7268575 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319900038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is some evidence that components of the renin-angiotensin system and
kallikrein-kinin system are not similarly regulated in both sexes. The aim
of this work was to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme,
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1 receptor, angiotensin 2
receptor, beta-1 receptor, and beta-2 receptor during the evolution of
myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-six male and 36 female Wistar rats were used. Myocardial infarction
was induced. Six groups of both sexes were formed, (n=6):
(a) sham; (b) 48 h myocardial infarction; (c) one week myocardial
infarction; (d) two weeks myocardial infarction; (e) three weeks myocardial
infarction and (f) four weeks myocardial infarction. The expression was
evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the penumbra of left
ventricle. Results: The mRNA expression of most biomarkers was lower in females than in males.
During acute infarction, an increase of all protein expression was found in
female and at two weeks while in the male only biomarker changes occurred at
three weeks. In addition, in male biomarkers mRNA expression decreased
during chronic infarction while in females it did not. Conclusions: The renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system biomarkers
expression occurs at earlier times in the female than in the male rat. In
addition, during chronic myocardial infarction these biomarkers remained
unchanged in females while in males they decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín Flores-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia del Miocardio, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Diego Lezama-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia del Miocardio, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luisa Martínez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia del Miocardio, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin C, Chen J, Hu M, Zheng W, Song Z, Qin H. Sesamol promotes browning of white adipocytes to ameliorate obesity by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition mitophagy via β3-AR/PKA signaling pathway. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7577. [PMID: 34262421 PMCID: PMC8254468 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is defined as an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, and it is a serious risk factor of non-communicable diseases. Recently many studies have shown that promoting browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) to increase energy consumption has a great therapeutic potential for obesity. Sesamol, a lignan from sesame oil, had shown potential beneficial functions on obesity treatment. Objective In this study, we used C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate the effects and the fundamental mechanisms of sesamol in enhancing the browning of white adipocytes to ameliorate obesity. Methods Sixteen-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish the obesity models. Half of the obese mice were administered with sesamol (100 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]/day [d] by gavage for another 8 weeks. Triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol assay kits were used to quantify serum TG and total cholesterol (TC). Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid droplet in vitro. Mito-Tracker Green was used to detect the mitochondrial content. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of beige-specific genes. Immunoblotting was used to detect the proteins involved in beige adipocytes formation. Results Sesamol decreased the content of body fat and suppressed lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, sesamol significantly upregulated uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) protein in adipose tissue. Further research found that sesamol also significantly activated the browning program in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, manifested by the increase in beige-specific genes and proteins. Moreover, sesamol greatly increased mitochondrial biogenesis, as proved by the upregulated protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, and the inhibition of the proteins associated with mitophagy. Furthermore, β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), protein kinase A-C (PKA-C) and Phospho-protein kinase A (p-PKA) substrate were elevated by sesamol, and these effects were abolished by the pretreatment of antagonists β3-AR. Conclusion Sesamol promoted browning of white adipocytes by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibiting mitophagy through the β3-AR/PKA pathway. This preclinical data promised the potential to consider sesamol as a metabolic modulator of HFD-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenya Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyu Song
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ma KH, Lippner DS, Basi KA, DeLeon SM, Cappuccio WR, Rhoomes MO, Hildenberger DM, Hoard-Fruchey HM, Rockwood GA. Cyanide Poisoning Compromises Gene Pathways Modulating Cardiac Injury in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1530-1541. [PMID: 33914522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation from a structure fire is a common route of cyanide poisoning in the U.S. Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, often leading to death. Its rapid distribution throughout the body can result in injuries to multiple organs, and cyanide victims were reported to experience myocardial infarction and other cardiac complications. However, molecular mechanisms of such complications are yet to be elucidated. While FDA-approved CN antidotes such as sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin are clinically used, they have foreseeable limitations during mass casualty situations because they require intravenous administration. To facilitate the development of better antidotes and therapeutic treatments, a global view of molecular changes induced by cyanide exposure is necessary. As an exploratory pursuit, we performed oligonucleotide microarrays to establish cardiac transcriptomes of an animal model of nose-only inhalation exposure to hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is relevant to smoke inhalation. We also profiled cardiac transcriptomes after subcutaneous injection of potassium cyanide (KCN). Although the KCN injection model has often been used to evaluate medical countermeasures, this study demonstrated that cardiac transcriptomes are largely different from that of the HCN inhalation model at multiple time points within 24 h after exposure. Pathway analysis identified that HCN-induced transcriptomes were enriched with genes encoding mediators of pathways critical in modulation of cardiac complications and that a large number of such genes were significantly decreased in expression. We utilized the upstream regulatory analysis to propose drugs that can be potentially employed to treat cyanide-induced cardiac complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki H Ma
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Dennean S Lippner
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Kelly A Basi
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Susan M DeLeon
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - William R Cappuccio
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Melissa O Rhoomes
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Diane M Hildenberger
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Heidi M Hoard-Fruchey
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Gary A Rockwood
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cajanolactone A, a stilbenoid from Cajanus cajan, inhibits energy intake and lipid synthesis/storage, and promotes energy expenditure in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111491. [PMID: 33744755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had reported that cajanolactone A (CLA) from Cajanus cajan dose-dependently inhibited ovariectomy-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice, showing potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity and fatty liver. In this study, the role of CLA in the regulation of energy and lipid homeostasis was investigated. METHODS Ovariectomized mice treated with CLA or vehicle for 12 weeks were performed a 48 h monitoring for energy metabolism and food uptake. After that, hypothalami, perigonadal (pWATs), inguinal (iWATs) and brown (BATs) adipose tissues, livers, sera, and fecal and cecal contents were collected and analyzed. FINDINGS In CLA-treated mice, we observed reduced food uptake; increased energy expenditure; inhibited expression of orexigenic genes (ORX, ORXR2, pMCH and Gal) in the hypothalami, of lipogenic genes (CD36, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, PPARγ) in the livers, and of lipid storage proteins in the WATs (FSP27, MEST and caveolin-1) and livers (FSP27, Plin2 and Plin5); stimulated expression of metabolism-related proteins (pATGL and Echs1) in the adipose tissues and of thermogenic protein (UCP1) in the inguinal WATs; increased BAT content; increased mitochondria in the pWATs and livers; inhibited angiogenesis in the pWATs; and altered gut microbiome diversity with an increased abundance of Bacteroides. INTERPRETATION CLA prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity and liver steatosis via regulating energy intake and lipid synthesis/storage, promoting UCP1-dependent heat production, and protecting the mitochondrial function of hepatocytes and adipocytes. The improved gut microecology and inhibited angiogenesis may also contribute to the anti-obese activity of CLA.
Collapse
|
36
|
Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Méndez-Ruette M, Ortloff A, Luz-Crawford P, Rivera FJ, Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bátiz LF. The Impact of Estrogen and Estrogen-Like Molecules in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration: Beneficial or Harmful? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636176. [PMID: 33762910 PMCID: PMC7984366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) represents a non-classical estrogen receptor mainly located in the plasma membrane. As estrogen receptors are ubiquitously distributed, they can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens can exert neuroprotective roles by acting as anti-oxidants, promoting DNA repair, inducing the expression of growth factors, and modulating cerebral blood flow. Additionally, estrogen-dependent signaling pathways are involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), thus influencing neurogenic processes. Since several estrogen-based therapies are used nowadays and estrogen-like molecules, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens, are omnipresent in our environment, estrogen-dependent changes in cell biology and tissue homeostasis have gained attention in human health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the current knowledge of estrogen and estrogen-like molecules and their impact on cell survival and neurodegeneration, as well as their role in NSPCs proliferation/differentiation balance and neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hubbard WJ, Yang S, Chaudry IH. Ethinyl estradiol sulfate acts without fluid resuscitation through estrogen receptors to rapidly protect the cardiovascular system from severe hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:353-359. [PMID: 33048911 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our in vivo rodent and pig model evidenced that estrogen and its derivative, ethinyl estradiol sulfate (EES), promote survival following hemorrhagic shock. To determine its mechanism, we first confirmed EES binding to estrogen receptor (ER) and improving/restoring cellular signaling, countering the assumption that EES, an ethinyl estradiol metabolite, is inactive. In addition, we examined if EES acts rapidly, consistent with nongenomic signaling. We selected the biomarkers of cardiovascular performance, reduction of apoptosis and proinflammatory responses, and elaboration of nitric oxide (NO) to validate efficacy. METHODS A rat trauma-hemorrhage model, consisting of a midline laparotomy and controlled bleeding (60% blood loss) without fluid resuscitation, was used. At 30 minutes after hemorrhage, heart performance was monitored, and Western blots were used to quantify biochemical analytes. The specificity of EES for ER was profiled with ER antagonists. Binding studies by Sekisui XenoTech (Kansas City, KS) determined an LD50 value for EES binding the rat ER. RESULTS The EES IC50 value was 1.52 × 10-8 Mol/L, consistent with pharmacologic efficacy. Ethinyl estradiol sulfate raised mean arterial pressure and ±derivative of pressure over time (dP/dT) significantly (but did not fully restore) within a 30-minute window. Levels of apoptosis and activation of NF-κB were dramatically reduced, as was elaboration of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was restored to physiological levels. The restoration of cellular signaling occurs before restoration of cardiac contractility. CONCLUSION Ethinyl estradiol sulfate is a potent drug for improving heart performance, which also dramatically reduces damage by apoptosis, proinflammatory activity, and NO production, validating that EES can blunt multiple harmful outcomes arising from hypoxia and hypovolemia. The actions are dependent on receptor engagement, where specificity is confirmed by ER antagonists. The constraint of a 30-minute sampling window affirms that the responses are nongenomic and very likely restricted to cell-surface receptor engagement. The rapidity of these responses makes EES promising for intervention in the "golden hour."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Hubbard
- From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yin L, Luo M, Wang R, Ye J, Wang X. Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749451. [PMID: 34987473 PMCID: PMC8721233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens have a complex role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In male subjects, a reduction in androgens increases the risk for insulin resistance, which is improved by androgen injections. However, in female subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgen excess becomes a risk factor for insulin resistance. The exact mechanism underlying the complex activities of androgens remains unknown. In this review, a hormone synergy-based view is proposed for understanding this complexity. Mitochondrial overactivation by substrate influx is a mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. This concept may apply to the androgen-induced insulin resistance in PCOS. Androgens and estrogens both exhibit activities in the induction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The two hormones may synergize in mitochondria to induce overproduction of ATP. ATP surplus in the pancreatic β-cells and α-cells causes excess secretion of insulin and glucagon, respectively, leading to peripheral insulin resistance in the early phase of type 2 diabetes. In the skeletal muscle and liver, the ATP surplus contributes to insulin resistance through suppression of AMPK and activation of mTOR. Consistent ATP surplus leads to mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of mitophagy inhibition, which provides a potential mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells and brown adipocytes in PCOS. The hormone synergy-based view provides a basis for the overactivation and dysfunction of mitochondria in PCOS-associated type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism for the synergy is discussed in this review with a focus on transcriptional regulation. This view suggests a unifying mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in the control of insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mahboobifard F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Pourgholami MH. The role of ERα36 in cell type-specific functions of estrogen and cancer development. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Colella M, Cuomo D, Peluso T, Falanga I, Mallardo M, De Felice M, Ambrosino C. Ovarian Aging: Role of Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Hormones and ncRNAs in Regulating Ovarian Mitochondrial Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:791071. [PMID: 34975760 PMCID: PMC8716494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.791071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of mitochondria in the oocyte along with their functions (e.g., energy production, scavenger activity) decline with age progression. Such multifaceted functions support several processes during oocyte maturation, ranging from energy supply to synthesis of the steroid hormones. Hence, it is hardly surprising that their impairment has been reported in both physiological and premature ovarian aging, wherein they are crucial players in the apoptotic processes that arise in aged ovaries. In any form, ovarian aging implies the progressive damage of the mitochondrial structure and activities as regards to ovarian germ and somatic cells. The imbalance in the circulating hormones and peptides (e.g., gonadotropins, estrogens, AMH, activins, and inhibins), active along the pituitary-ovarian axis, represents the biochemical sign of ovarian aging. Despite the progress accomplished in determining the key role of the mitochondria in preserving ovarian follicular number and health, their modulation by the hormonal signalling pathways involved in ovarian aging has been poorly and randomly explored. Yet characterizing this mechanism is pivotal to molecularly define the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in physiological and premature ovarian aging, respectively. However, it is fairly difficult considering that the pathways associated with ovarian aging might affect mitochondria directly or by altering the activity, stability and localization of proteins controlling mitochondrial dynamics and functions, either unbalancing other cellular mediators, released by the mitochondria, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We will focus on the mitochondrial ncRNAs (i.e., mitomiRs and mtlncRNAs), that retranslocate from the mitochondria to the nucleus, as active players in aging and describe their role in the nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk and its modulation by the pituitary-ovarian hormone dependent pathways. In this review, we will illustrate mitochondria as targets of the signaling pathways dependent on hormones and peptides active along the pituitary/ovarian axis and as transducers, with a particular focus on the molecules retrieved in the mitochondria, mainly ncRNAs. Given their regulatory function in cellular activities we propose them as potential diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Teresa Peluso
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Falanga
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Istituto per l’ endocrinologia e l’oncologia “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Istituto per l’ endocrinologia e l’oncologia “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Concetta Ambrosino,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ihenacho UK, Meacham KA, Harwig MC, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial Fission Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Organellar Form and Function in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660095. [PMID: 33841340 PMCID: PMC8027123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) was identified in yeast as being essential for mitochondrial division or fission and subsequently determined to mediate human mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Yet, its exact functions in humans, especially in regard to mitochondrial fission, remains an enigma as genetic deletion of Fis1 elongates mitochondria in some cell types, but not others. Fis1 has also been identified as an important component of apoptotic and mitophagic pathways suggesting the protein may have multiple, essential roles. This review presents current perspectives on the emerging functions of Fis1 and their implications in human health and diseases, with an emphasis on Fis1's role in both endocrine and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Meacham
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - R. Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Blake Hill,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pathological Maintenance and Evolution of Breast Cancer: The Convergence of Irreversible Biological Actions of ER Alpha. ENDOCRINES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a modulator of breast cancer maintenance and evolution. Hence, analysis of underlying mechanisms by which ERα operates is of importance for the improvement of the hormonal therapy of the disease. This review focuses on the irreversible character of the mechanism of action of ERα, which also concerns other members of the steroid hormones receptors family. ERα moves in permanence between targets localized especially at the chromatin level to accomplish gene transcriptions imposed by the estrogenic ligands and specific antagonists. Receptor association as at the plasma membrane, where it interacts with other recruitment sites, extends its regulatory potency to growth factors and related peptides through activation of signal transductions pathways. If the latter procedure is suitable for the transcriptions in which the receptor operates as a coregulator of another transcription factor, it is of marginal influence with regard to the direct estrogenic regulation procedure, especially in the context of the present review. Irreversibility of the successive steps of the underlying transcription cycle guarantees maintenance of homeostasis and evolution according to vital necessities. To justify this statement, reported data are essentially described in a holistic view rather than in the context of exhaustive analysis of a molecular event contributing to a specific function as well as in a complementary perspective to elaborate new therapeutic approaches with antagonistic potencies against those tumors promoting ERα properties.
Collapse
|
43
|
Mollah ML, Yang HS, Jeon S, Kim K, Cheon YP. Overaccumulation of Fat Caused Rapid Reproductive Senescence but not Loss of Ovarian Reserve in ob/ob Mice. J Endocr Soc 2020; 5:bvaa168. [PMID: 33324862 PMCID: PMC7722705 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian reserve and fertility are reduced by aging and a poor energy balance. To date, the relationships of high energy accumulation and aging with the ovarian reserve have not been elucidated. Here, the effects of obesity on the aging ovarian reserve were evaluated in a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse model. Abnormal estrous cyclicity appeared as early as 6 weeks and worsened with aging. The blood level patterns of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P4) with aging were similar between lean and ob/ob mice. The blood level of E2 but not P4 or T was similar at 24 weeks. Many more atretic follicles but fewer corpora lutea were observed in ob/ob mice than in lean mice within all age groups. Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) mRNA levels were similar between genotypes. Dazl, Stra8, and ZP3 mRNAs were highly expressed in ob/ob mice after 12 weeks. Sohlh1 and Ybx2 mRNAs were highly expressed at 24 weeks in ob/ob compared with lean mice. In addition, SOHLH1-positive primordial follicle counts were significantly increased in ob/ob mice at 24 weeks. The proportions of AMH-positive secondary and small antral follicles were similar between genotypes. Together, these results show that the ovarian reserve lasts longer in ob/ob mice than in lean mice, suggesting that the loss of normal physiological or physical status causes decreased fertility at a young age in ob/ob mice and that an increase in adipocytes without leptin, as in ob/ob mice, can improve the ovarian reserve. Such knowledge can be applied to understanding reproductive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Seon Yang
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SoRa Jeon
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes by Nuclear Steroid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186683. [PMID: 32932692 PMCID: PMC7555717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes play important roles in energy production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to drive various biochemical processes in eukaryotic cells. These processes require coordination with other cell organelles, especially the nucleus. Factors encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are involved in the formation of active respiratory chain complexes and 'supercomplexes', the higher-order structures comprising several respiratory chain complexes. Various nuclear hormone receptors are involved in the regulation of OXPHOS-related genes. In this article, we review the roles of nuclear steroid receptors (NR3 class nuclear receptors), including estrogen receptors (ERs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and androgen receptors (ARs), in the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and supercomplex formation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sunny DE, Hammer E, Strempel S, Joseph C, Manchanda H, Ittermann T, Hübner S, Weiss FU, Völker U, Heckmann M. Nup133 and ERα mediate the differential effects of hyperoxia-induced damage in male and female OPCs. Mol Cell Pediatr 2020; 7:10. [PMID: 32844334 PMCID: PMC7447710 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-020-00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperoxia is a well-known cause of cerebral white matter injury in preterm infants with male sex being an independent and critical risk factor for poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Sex is therefore being widely considered as one of the major decisive factors for prognosis and treatment of these infants. But unfortunately, we still lack a clear view of the molecular mechanisms that lead to such a profound difference. Hence, using mouse-derived primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), we investigated the molecular factors and underlying mechanisms behind the differential response of male and female cells towards oxidative stress. Results We demonstrate that oxidative stress severely affects cellular functions related to energy metabolism, stress response, and maturation in the male-derived OPCs, whereas the female cells remain largely unaffected. CNPase protein level was found to decline following hyperoxia in male but not in female cells. This impairment of maturation was accompanied by the downregulation of nucleoporin and nuclear lamina proteins in the male cells. We identify Nup133 as a novel target protein affected by hyperoxia, whose inverse regulation may mediate this differential response in the male and female cells. Nup133 protein level declined following hyperoxia in male but not in female cells. We show that nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1) is a direct downstream target of Nup133 and that Nrf1 mRNA declines following hyperoxia in male but not in female cells. The female cells may be rendered resistant due to synergistic protection via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) which was upregulated following hyperoxia in female but not in male cells. Both Nup133 and ERα regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress response by transcriptional regulation of Nrf1. Conclusions These findings from a basic cell culture model establish prominent sex-based differences and suggest a novel mechanism involved in the differential response of OPCs towards oxidative stress. It conveys a strong message supporting the need to study how complex cellular processes are regulated differently in male and female brains during development and for a better understanding of how the brain copes up with different forms of stress after preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna Elizabeth Sunny
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Elke Hammer
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christy Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Himanshu Manchanda
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hübner
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Heckmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Grzegorzewska AK, Ocłoń E, Kucharski M, Sechman A. Effect of in vitro sodium fluoride treatment on CAT, SOD and Nrf mRNA expression and immunolocalisation in chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryonic gonads. Theriogenology 2020; 157:263-275. [PMID: 32823022 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on oxidative stress in chicken embryonic gonads. Following exposure to varying concentrations of NaF for 6 h, mRNA expression and immunolocalisation of catalase (CAT), sodium dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and nuclear respiratory factors (Nrf1 and Nrf) were analysed in the gonads. In the ovary, a dose-dependent increase in mRNA expression of CAT, Nrf1 and Nrf2 following NaF exposure was found, while the intensity of immunolocalised CAT, SOD2 and Nrf1 was higher in NaF-treated groups. In the testis, no effect of NaF on CAT, SOD1 and Nrf1 mRNA levels was observed; however, NaF (3.5-14.2 mM) elevated Nrf2 mRNA expression. NaF, at a dose of 7.1 mM, increased the immunoreactivity of Nrf1 and SOD2. Further experiments evaluated the ovary and testes when incubated with NaF (7.1 mM), vitamin C (Vitamin C, 4 mM) or NaF + Vitamin C. mRNA expression of all four examined genes in the whole ovary and immunoreactivity of Nrf1 and CAT in the ovarian medulla increased in each experimental group. Similar effects were observed in the testis, where mRNA expression, as well as CAT and Nrf2 immunoreactivity, increased in Vitamin C and NaF + Vitamin C-treated groups. In summary, NaF exposure generated oxidative stress which is manifested by increased expression of free radical scavenging enzymes in chicken embryonic gonads. High doses of Vitamin C did not reverse this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - E Ocłoń
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, Laboratory of Recombinant Proteins Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kucharski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124349. [PMID: 32570961 PMCID: PMC7352873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate the bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide sole nutrient support for fetal growth and survival. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation remain incompletely understood, but this is associated with elevated estrogens, which stimulate specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilator production in the uterine artery (UA). The classical ERs (ERα and ERβ) and the plasma-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed in UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, mediating the vasodilatory effects of estrogens through genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens enhances the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a key role in uterine vasodilation during pregnancy. However, the local blockade of NO biosynthesis only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, suggesting that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation and our recent work on a “new” UA vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that has dramatically changed our view of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim HJ, Kim MA, Kim HL, Choi DJ, Han S, Jeon ES, Cho MC, Kim JJ, Yoo BS, Shin MS, Kang SM, Chae SC. Gender difference in the impact of Ischaemic heart disease on heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13232. [PMID: 32294249 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the impact of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) on heart failure (HF) is evolving, there is uncertainty about the role of IHD in determining the risk of clinical outcomes by gender. This study evaluated the gender difference in the impact of IHD on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS Study data were obtained from a nationwide registry, which is a prospective multicentre cohort that included 3200 patients who were hospitalized for HF. A total of 1638 patients with HFrEF were classified by gender. The primary outcome was all-cause death during follow-up. RESULTS In total, 133 women (18.9%) died and 168 men (18.0%) died during the follow-up (median, 489 days). Women with HFrEF with IHD had a significantly lower cumulative survival rate than women without IHD at the long-term follow-up (74.8% vs 84.9%, log-rank P = .001). However, the survival rate was not different in men with HFrEF with IHD compared with men without IHD. A Cox regression analysis showed that IHD had a 1.43-fold increased risk for all-cause mortality independently in women after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.058-1.929, P = .020). CONCLUSION Ischaemic heart disease was an independent risk factor for long-term mortality in women with HFrEF. IHD should be actively evaluated in women with HF for predicting clinical outcomes and initiating appropriate treatment. Women with HF caused by IHD should be treated more meticulously to avoid a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Cardiovascular center, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seongwoo Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi-Seung Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Klinge CM. Estrogenic control of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101435. [PMID: 32001259 PMCID: PMC7212490 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in human disease are caused in part by the levels of endogenous sex steroid hormones which regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This review updates a previous review on how estrogens regulate metabolism and mitochondrial function that was published in 2017. Estrogens are produced by ovaries and adrenals, and in lesser amounts by adipose, breast stromal, and brain tissues. At the cellular level, the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate diverse cellular functions including reproduction and behavior is by binding to estrogen receptors α, β (ERα and ERβ) and G-protein coupled ER (GPER1). ERα and ERβ are transcription factors that bind genomic and mitochondrial DNA to regulate gene transcription. A small proportion of ERα and ERβ interact with plasma membrane-associated signaling proteins to activate intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately alter transcriptional responses, including mitochondrial morphology and function. Although the mechanisms and targets by which estrogens act directly and indirectly to regulate mitochondrial function are not fully elucidated, it is clear that estradiol regulates mitochondrial metabolism and morphology via nuclear and mitochondrial-mediated events, including stimulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) transcription that will be reviewed here. NRF-1 is a transcription factor that interacts with coactivators including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) to regulate nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. One NRF-1 target is TFAM that binds mtDNA to regulate its transcription. Nuclear-encoded miRNA and lncRNA regulate mtDNA-encoded and nuclear-encoded transcripts that regulate mitochondrial function, thus acting as anterograde signals. Other estrogen-regulated mitochondrial activities including bioenergetics, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification (ECAR), are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, 40292, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Iñigo MR, Amorese AJ, Tarpey MD, Balestrieri NP, Jones KG, Patteson DJ, Jackson KC, Torres MJ, Lin CT, Smith CD, Heden TD, McMillin SL, Weyrauch LA, Stanley EC, Schmidt CA, Kilburg-Basnyat BB, Reece SW, Psaltis CE, Leinwand LA, Funai K, McClung JM, Gowdy KM, Witczak CA, Lowe DA, Neufer PD, Spangenburg EE. Estrogen receptor-α in female skeletal muscle is not required for regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 34:1-15. [PMID: 32180550 PMCID: PMC6994285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a nuclear receptor family member thought to substantially contribute to the metabolic regulation of skeletal muscle. However, previous mouse models utilized to assess the necessity of ERα signaling in skeletal muscle were confounded by altered developmental programming and/or influenced by secondary effects, making it difficult to assign a causal role for ERα. The objective of this study was to determine the role of skeletal muscle ERα in regulating metabolism in the absence of confounding factors of development. METHODS A novel mouse model was developed allowing for induced deletion of ERα in adult female skeletal muscle (ERαKOism). ERαshRNA was also used to knockdown ERα (ERαKD) in human myotubes cultured from primary human skeletal muscle cells isolated from muscle biopsies from healthy and obese insulin-resistant women. RESULTS Twelve weeks of HFD exposure had no differential effects on body composition, VO2, VCO2, RER, energy expenditure, and activity counts across genotypes. Although ERαKOism mice exhibited greater glucose intolerance than wild-type (WT) mice after chronic HFD, ex vivo skeletal muscle glucose uptake was not impaired in the ERαKOism mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes was altered in the skeletal muscle of the ERαKOism, but the concentrations of these inflammatory markers in the systemic circulation were either lower or remained similar to the WT mice. Finally, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, and H2O2 emission potential was not affected in the ERαKOism mice. ERαKD in human skeletal muscle cells neither altered differentiation capacity nor caused severe deficits in mitochondrial respiratory capacity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that ERα function is superfluous in protecting against HFD-induced skeletal muscle metabolic derangements after postnatal development is complete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Iñigo
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Adam J Amorese
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Tarpey
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas P Balestrieri
- East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Keith G Jones
- East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J Patteson
- East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn C Jackson
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Torres
- East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Cody D Smith
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Timothy D Heden
- East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Luke A Weyrauch
- East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Erin C Stanley
- East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brita B Kilburg-Basnyat
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sky W Reece
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christine E Psaltis
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- University of Colorado, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Witczak
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- University of Minnesota, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science and Division of Physical Therapy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina University, Department of Kinesiology, Greenville, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|