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Kim Y, Huh J, Miller KA, Ritt-Olson A, Hoyt MA, Milam J. Clinical, demographic factors, and substance use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic young adult childhood cancer survivors. J Psychosoc Oncol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38513227 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2024.2326148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the protective and risk factors of substance use behaviors (tobacco, marijuana, e-cigarette, and alcohol) among young adult childhood cancer survivors. The study focused on clinical (receipt of cancer-related follow-up care, treatment intensity, late effects, depressive symptoms, self-rated health) and demographic (race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status) factors and their associations with substance use. METHODS Participants were from the Project Forward cohort, a population-based study of young adult survivors of childhood cancers. Participants (N = 1166, Mage = 25.1 years) were recruited through the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program (Cancer Registry covering Los Angeles County, California). Multivariate path analyses were performed with substance use as the outcome variables and clinical and demographic factors as independent variables. Covariates included age and sex. FINDING Substance use was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and inversely associated with cancer-related follow-up care, female sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, treatment intensity, and self-rated health. Neighborhood SES was inversely associated with tobacco use, while being positively associated with binge drinking and e-cigarette use. The results highlight the interrelationship between the clinical and demographic variables and their associations with different substance use. CONCLUSION Findings support the need for effective interventions targeting substance use behavior among CCS. This will help improve long-term outcomes and mitigate the risk for early morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California , USA
| | - Anamara Ritt-Olson
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael A Hoyt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention and the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joel Milam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Lozano A, Cervantes RC, Estrada Y, Prado G. Impacts of Acculturative, Parenting, and Family Stress on US Born and Immigrant Latina/o/x Parent's Mental Health and Substance Use. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:296-306. [PMID: 36166167 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Latina/o/x face acculturative stressors which are unique to being an immigrant and/or racial/ethnic minority. Furthermore, Latina/o/x parents face an additional layer of stress related to parenting and family challenges. Little is known about how immigrant and non-immigrant parents cope with stress related to parenting and family stress and how these additional stressors impact parental mental health and substance use. The sample for this secondary data analysis included 1197 parents between 18 and 56 years of age. All analyses controlled for age, gender and number of persons living at home; for the immigrant subsample, we controlled for time in the USA and for the non-immigrant sample, we controlled for generational status. Analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between (1) acculturative stress and mental health and substance use and (2) parenting and family stress and mental health and substance use for immigrants and non-immigrants. Results of multivariate regression models revealed that acculturative stress was significantly associated with mental health, alcohol use, cigarette use, and other tobacco product use for both immigrant and non-immigrants. For both immigrants and non-immigrants, parenting stress and family stress were consistently associated with psychological distress. Parenting stress was associated with greater substance use, including cigarette, other tobacco use, and alcohol use. Given the different associations between acculturative, parenting, and family stress with mental health and substance use among immigrant and non-immigrant parents, family-based interventions should address these stressors to prevent poor health outcomes among Latina/o/x parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Lozano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Richard C Cervantes
- Behavioral Assessment, Inc, 291 South La Cienega Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90211, USA
| | - Yannine Estrada
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, 5030 Brunson Dr, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Guillermo Prado
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, 5030 Brunson Dr, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Rahman T, Rogers CJ, Albers LD, Forster M, Unger JB. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Acculturation, and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Hispanic Young Adults: Findings from Project RED. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:105-118. [PMID: 36877805 PMCID: PMC10480355 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2184762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are well-documented predictors of maladaptive behaviors in adulthood, including risky sexual behaviors (RSB), the influence of acculturation in this association remains unknown. Although Hispanics are a rapidly growing population in the United States and are disproportionately affected by adverse sexual health outcomes, there is a paucity of research examining the interplay of ACE, acculturation, and RSB in this population. We observed the ACE-RSB association and how this relationship varies across U.S. and Hispanic acculturation levels, in a sample of Hispanic young adults (n = 715). Data for this study were from Project RED, a longitudinal study of Hispanic health. We ran regression models to test associations between ACE (0, 1-3, 4+) and several RSB (e.g., early sexual initiation (≤14 years), condomless sex, lifetime sexual partners, and alcohol/drug use before intercourse), and assessed moderation by U.S./Hispanic acculturation. Compared with those without ACE, individuals with 4 + ACE had higher odds of early sexual initiation (AOR: 2.23), alcohol/drug use before last intercourse (AOR: 2.31), and condomless sex (AOR: 1.66), as well as a higher number of lifetime sexual partners (β: 0.60). For those reporting 4 + ACE, high U.S. acculturation was protective in the association between ACE and using alcohol/drugs before intercourse. Future research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Larisa D. Albers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Hoskins D, Meza JI, Del Cid MV, Kemp K, Koinis-Mitchell D, Webb M, Tolou-Shams M. Impact of Family, Neighborhood, and Schools on Behavioral Health Needs of Justice-Involved Latinx Adolescents. COUPLE & FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 12:168-189. [PMID: 37705892 PMCID: PMC10499485 DOI: 10.1037/cfp0000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Latinx adolescents are overrepresented in the justice system and have high untreated behavioral health needs. We examined the family as well as promotive and inhibitive environments (i.e., neighborhood and school) and their associations on behavioral health among 181 first-time justice-involved Latinx adolescents. Results showed that more optimal caregiver-adolescent attachment was associated with fewer behavioral health needs; more negative caregiver-adolescent communication with greater behavioral health needs. Increased neighborhood disadvantage and negative school interactions served as inhibitive environments and were associated with greater behavioral health needs. Moderation analyses indicated that negative communication was associated with greater behavioral health needs among dyads with large acculturation differences but not for dyads close in acculturation. Findings underscore the need to assess the family relationships and communication, promotive/inhibitive environments, and acculturation differences when determining how to meet behavioral health needs among justice-involved Latinx adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hoskins
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
| | | | | | - Kathleen Kemp
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
| | | | - Margaret Webb
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
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Rogers CJ, Forster M, Sussman S, Steinberg J, Barrington-Trimis JL, Grigsby TJ, Unger JB. The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Problematic Alcohol and Drug Use Trajectories and the Moderating Role of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2829. [PMID: 36833526 PMCID: PMC9957226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a strong association with alcohol and drug use; however, more research is needed to identify protective factors for this association. The present study assesses the longitudinal impact of ACE on problematic alcohol and drug use and the potential moderating effect of perceived social support. Data (n = 1404) are from a sample of Hispanic youth surveyed in high school through young adulthood. Linear growth curve models assessed the effect of ACE and perceived social support over time on problematic alcohol and drug use. Results indicated youth with ACE (vs. those without ACE) report more problematic alcohol and drug use in adolescence and have increased rates into young adulthood. Additionally, findings suggest that social support in high school may moderate the effects of ACE on problematic use over time. Among youth with high levels of support, the association of ACE with problematic alcohol and drug use was diminished. Although ACE can have a persistent impact on problematic alcohol and drug use from adolescence into adulthood, high social support during adolescence may mitigate the negative effects of ACE, lowering early problematic alcohol and drug use, offering the potential for lasting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Steven Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jane Steinberg
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Timothy J. Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
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Chartier KG, Kendler KS, Ohlsson H, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Triangulation of evidence on immigration and rates of alcohol use disorder in Sweden: Evidence of acculturation effects. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:104-115. [PMID: 36336820 PMCID: PMC10016429 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the robustness of the impact of immigration on risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) using different measures, designs, and immigrant regional cohorts. METHODS The analytic sample included all individuals born between 1950 and 1990 and registered in Sweden from 1973 to 2017. Using Cox regression models, we examined the risk for AUD from Swedish nationwide registries in immigrants to Sweden from seven geographical regions: Africa, Asia and Oceania, Eastern Europe, Finland, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East/North Africa, and Western countries. We assessed greater exposure to Swedish culture, which we interpreted as increasing acculturation, by (i) comparing first-generation immigrants and their children with no and one native Swedish parent and (ii) examining age at immigration. The baseline comparison group was the native Swedish population. We also examined AUD risk in first-generation sibling pairs discordant for their age at immigration. RESULTS In nearly all immigrant cohorts in Sweden, increasing degrees of acculturation, as assessed by both our variables, were associated with rates of AUD that approached those of the Swedish population. These findings occurred in both men and women and both regional cohorts whose first-generation immigrants had lower and higher levels of AUD than native-born Swedes. For most cohorts, the rates of change with acculturation were greater in women than in men. In sibling pairs from most regions, the sibling who was younger at immigration had a higher rate of AUD. CONCLUSIONS An examination of both sexes and two different proxies for acculturation provides consistent support for socio-cultural influences on AUD risk. Our co-sibling analyses suggest that a meaningful proportion of this effect is likely to be causal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Chartier
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Cannabis Use Patterns and Related Health Outcomes Among Spanish Speakers in the United States and Internationally. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:327-341. [PMID: 36187412 PMCID: PMC9511952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis and health research continue to largely ignore the usage patterns, perceptions, and medically related use in Spanish-speaking communities. The primary aim of this study was to collect data among Spanish-speaking communities on cannabis use that specifically characterizes granular demographic information, medically motivated and recreational use patterns including potency of products, medical motivations for use, and what perceptions are held as to risks and benefits. Secondarily, exploratory analyses were made to investigate potential effects of location or acculturation status. Five hundred forty-nine individuals completed the survey, including 294 residing in the United States (US) (Mage =31.8, SD=9.72; 154 women, 137 men, 3 non-binary and self-described individuals), 174 residing outside of the US (International) (Mage =26.6, SD=8.75; 77 women, 96 men, 1 non-binary and self-described individuals), and 81 who did not report country of residence (Unknown location) (Mage =26.7, SD=7.37; 17 women, 61 men, 3 non-binary and self-described individuals). Overall use was mostly recreational, while the US group was significantly more motivated by medical or combined medical and recreational reasons than the other two groups (p=0.02). The most common reason for medical use was anxiety or depression (14% of sample). The US group also smoked or vaporized significantly more often than the other two groups and was more likely to include daily users (p<0.001). The sample generally viewed the effects of cannabis use more favorably than negatively, but there were significant differences in these views between users and non-users. The rich heterogeneity suggested by these data belies the importance of taking an equity focused approach to cannabis research and will help to improve representation in the field.
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Ruiz M, Johnson A, Campbell L. Acculturation and drinking behavior among Latinxs: a narrative review. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 23:21-57. [PMID: 35635435 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption among Latinxs. The purpose of this narrative review is to contribute to this literature by examining the association between acculturation and alcohol use within current theoretical and etiological frameworks on cultural norms, acculturative stress, and acculturative gaps. This review also compares the utility of these explanatory frameworks for guiding future research. Two databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) were used to identify peer-reviewed studies pertaining to the associations between acculturation and alcohol use among Latinxs. Studies that examined drinking norms, acculturative stress, acculturation gaps, and drinking behavior in Latinxs were included. The types of study approaches and designs included quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies published between January 2000 and December 2021. Quality assessment and data synthesis were conducted by two reviewers. A total of 65 articles reporting empirical studies were included in the final review. Eighteen studies did not utilize a specific framework, but generally supported that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences among Latinxs. Additionally, sixteen studies examined cultural norms, twenty-two examined acculturative stress, while only nine utilized a gap discrepancy framework. Studies examining drinking norms appeared to largely explain changes in drinking behavior among Latinas, while studies examining acculturative stress seemed to be better equipped to explain changes in drinking behavior among Latino men. Meanwhile, the Gap Discrepancy Model articulates the gap between old and new cultural influences and can be conceptualized as an additional dimension of acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ruiz
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Lisa Campbell
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Sirin SR, Choi E, Sin EJ. Meta-Analysis on the Relation Between Acculturation and Alcohol Use Among Immigrant Youth. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:361-377. [PMID: 34756641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We empirically examined the relation between acculturation and alcohol use in immigrant youth, with attention to demographic and methodological moderators. METHODS We identified 43 studies (38 empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and 6 dissertations) yielding 66 independent samples and 118 effect sizes. The total sample size was 61,851 immigrant youth from birth to 25 years of age (M = 937.14, standard deviation = 1,271.24) with a mean age of 15.50 years (standard deviation = 2.46). RESULTS The average effect size for the fixed effects model was .04 with a 95% confidence interval of .03-.05, which was significantly different from zero (p < .001). The average effect size for the random effects model was .05 with a 95% confidence interval of .02-.08, which was significantly different from zero (p = .002). Location of the study, age of participants, type of measurements used to assess acculturation and alcohol use, and publication year were significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analytic review supported the immigrant paradox in which acculturation puts immigrant youth at risk for alcohol use. Several demographic and methodological factors also moderated this relation in a significant way. Important implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk R Sirin
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Elysia Choi
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Esther J Sin
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
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Gonzalez R, Thompson EL, Sanchez M, Morris A, Gonzalez MR, Feldstein Ewing SW, Mason MJ, Arroyo J, Howlett K, Tapert SF, Zucker RA. An update on the assessment of culture and environment in the ABCD Study®: Emerging literature and protocol updates over three measurement waves. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101021. [PMID: 34700197 PMCID: PMC8551602 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of risk and resilience factors in adolescent brain health and development increasingly demand a broad set of assessment tools that consider a youth's peer, family, school, neighborhood, and cultural contexts in addition to neurobiological, genetic, and biomedical information. The Culture and Environment (CE) Workgroup (WG) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study curates these important components of the protocol throughout ten years of planned data collection. In this report, the CE WG presents an update on the evolution of the ABCD Study® CE protocol since study inception (Zucker et al., 2018), as well as emerging findings that include CE measures. Background and measurement characteristics of instruments present in the study since baseline have already been described in our 2018 report, and therefore are only briefly described here. New measures introduced since baseline are described in more detail. Descriptive statistics on all measures are presented based on a total sample of 11,000+ youth and their caregivers assessed at baseline and the following two years. Psychometric properties of the measures, including longitudinal aspects of the data, are reported, along with considerations for future measurement waves. The CE WG ABCD® components are an essential part of the overall protocol that permits characterization of the unique cultural and social environment within which each developing brain is transactionally embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gonzalez
- Center for Children and Families and Department of Psychology, Florida International University, USA.
| | - Erin L Thompson
- Center for Children and Families and Department of Psychology, Florida International University, USA
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Amanda Morris
- Amanda Sheffield Morris, Laureate Institute for Brain Research and Oklahoma State University, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Arroyo
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, USA
| | | | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, USA
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11
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Slaughter RI, Hamilton AS, Cederbaum JA, Unger JB, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Milam JE. Acculturation discrepancy and mental health associations among Hispanic childhood cancer survivors and their parents. Psychooncology 2021; 31:761-769. [PMID: 34825748 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acculturation discrepancy occurs when the rate of host culture acquisition and/or heritage culture retention between non-native parents and their children diverges. The resulting conflict may exacerbate mental health conditions in already vulnerable populations. The present study examined discrepancies between Hispanic and Anglo-American acculturation, as two separate constructs, and mental health symptomology in Hispanic childhood cancer survivors (HCCS) and their parents. METHODS Participants were 68 matched parent-child dyads (HCCS (Mage = 19.4 (2.77) years., 50.0% female); and parent (Mage = 46.3 (6.07) years., 89.7% female)). Study variables were HCCS posttraumatic-growth (PTG) and quality-of-life (PedsQL); parent posttraumatic stress (PTSD); and parent/HCCS depressive symptoms (CESD) and acculturation orientations. Discrepancy was calculated as the dyadic difference between like acculturation measures. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, Hispanic acculturation discrepancy and HCCS psychosocial health (a subset of PedsQL) was negatively correlated (r = -0.26, p < 0.5); while Anglo-American acculturation discrepancy was positively associated with HCCS PTG (r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and overall PedsQL (r = 0.24, p < 0.05), and moderated the relationship between parent CESD and HCCS PedsQL. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the two acculturation discrepancy constructs have opposite effects. HCCS losing their heritage culture while their parents simultaneously retain it appears to be a deleterious process; whereas, HCCS learning the US culture more rapidly than parents may have protective benefits. This study has important implications for mental health interventions among HCCS. Findings should be used to inform the survivorship clinical community of the value of acculturation timing and parent/child discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona I Slaughter
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Department of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Joel E Milam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shi M, Littlefield AK, Stevens AK. Investigating differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and impulsivity across substance user profiles: a person-centered approach. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:725-733. [PMID: 31944909 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although substance use is considered normative in college, continued examination of factors associated with problematic use is merited. This study identified latent substance user classes and examined their relations with sex, race/ethnicity, impulsivity-like facets, and substance use outcomes among 702 undergraduate students. Non-Alcohol Abstaining Users (NAA), Minimal Users (MU), and Polysubstance Users (PSU) emerged from latent class analysis. Variable-centered analyses indicated that substance user classes did not differ by sex. Students in the Asian and Other groups were at greater odds of being in the MU class than either NAA or PSU class, compared to White students. Differential patterns of impulsigenic trait levels emerged across latent classes. The present study highlights the utility of integrating person- and variable-centered approaches in studying heterogeneous substance use behaviors among college students. College PSU are particularly at risk for problematic outcomes, thus warranting preventive intervention that may target impulsigenic traits or polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molin Shi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Angela K Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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13
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Rogers CJ, Forster M, Grigsby TJ, Albers L, Morales C, Unger JB. The impact of childhood trauma on substance use trajectories from adolescence to adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal Hispanic cohort study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105200. [PMID: 34252647 PMCID: PMC8384665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with substance use in adolescence and adulthood. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the effect of ACE on substance use trajectories from adolescence through emerging adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of ACE in substance use trajectories among Hispanic emerging adults. PARTICIPANTS We surveyed a cohort of Hispanic adolescents (n = 1399) in Southern California across eight survey waves (beginning in 9th grade and continuing through emerging adulthood). METHODS Growth curve models were used to examine the effect of ACE on past 30-day cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use over seven time points, and an interaction term of ACE ∗ time was included to investigate the cross-level effect of ACE. RESULTS ACE was a significant predictor at 9th grade across all substances. Every additional ACE was associated with significantly higher past 30-day cigarette use (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.10), marijuana use, (β = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.25) and alcohol use (β = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.21). Across all models, cross level interactions between ACE and time indicated that young adults exposed to more ACE experience significantly steeper inclining trajectories of 30-day cigarette use (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.68), marijuana use (β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.11), and alcohol use (β = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.68) than young adults with fewer ACE. CONCLUSION ACE continue to have an impact on substance use trends through emerging adulthood. Results highlight the graded effect of ACE on substance use during and beyond adolescence and illustrate that ACE exposure is linked to an escalation of substance use frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rogers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | - Larisa Albers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States of America
| | - Celina Morales
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
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Villamil Grest C, Cederbaum JA, Lee JO, Unger JB. Adverse childhood experiences and the substance use behaviors of Latinx youth. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108936. [PMID: 34365223 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with substance use, how cultural factors influence this association for Latinx youth is unknown. This study uses longitudinal data to examine associations of cultural factors, ACEs and substance use among Latinx young adults. METHODS Latinx youth (N = 1179) completed surveys from a longitudinal study at seven assessment points from 2005 to 2016; ACEs was assessed when participants were on average 21.6 and substance use 23.9 years. ACEs measured psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, parental violence, divorce, substance use, mental illness, and incarceration. A three-stage hierarchical ordinary least squares (alcohol use) and negative binomial regression models (problematic alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use) were estimated to evaluate the role of cultural factors (acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity) and ACEs in shaping substance use behaviors. RESULTS Controlling for cultural variables, ACEs sum (B = 0.03, p = .01), maltreatment (B = 0.16, p < .01), and household (B = 0.12, p = .03) subdomains predicted alcohol use. One additional increase in maltreatment (IRR=1.23, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.53) predicted 23 % higher count of problematic alcohol use. Maltreatment (IRR=1.50, 95 % CI: 1.05, 2.13) and household (IRR=1.66, 95 % CI: 1.18, 2.32) subdomains predicted increased counts of marijuana use. Four or more ACEs predicted increased counts of tobacco use (IRR=1.49, 95 % CI: 1.08, 2.06) among Latinx young adults. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a predictive relationship between ACEs, and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use, after accounting for cultural factors. Beyond acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity, findings identify ACEs as a salient predictor of substance use among Latinx young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Grest
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90989, United States.
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States.
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15
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LeCroy MN, Strizich GM, Gallo LC, Perreira KP, Ayala GX, Carnethon MR, Delamater AM, Gonzalez JS, Arredondo EM, Pulgaron ER, Isasi CR. The Association of the Parent-Child Language Acculturation Gap with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth). Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:734-745. [PMID: 33449084 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of prediabetes and dyslipidemia. Differences in parent and child acculturation related to language use and preference (i.e., language acculturation) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health behaviors, but no study has examined associations with cardiometabolic markers. PURPOSE To determine whether discordance in parent-child language acculturation (parent-child acculturation gap) was associated with poor youth cardiometabolic health. METHODS Hispanic/Latino 8-16-year-olds (n = 1,466) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores for the Brief ARSMA-II's Anglo (AOS) and Latino (LOS) Orientation Scales represented language acculturation. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, and dysglycemia and hyperlipidemia measures. Missing data were imputed. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined the association of youth, parent, and youth × parent (the acculturation gap) AOS and LOS scores separately with each cardiometabolic marker. RESULTS Youth reported greater English and lower Spanish use than parents. Greater discordance in AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction < .01). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any outcome. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth's diet and physical activity did not alter findings. Removal of nonsignificant acculturation gaps did not indicate an association between individual youth or parent AOS or LOS scores and any cardiometabolic marker. CONCLUSIONS Discordance in Hispanic/Latino parent-child dyads' English use may relate to increased risk for childhood obesity. Future studies should identify mediators of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N LeCroy
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Krista P Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Alan M Delamater
- Mailman Center for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Elva M Arredondo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Elizabeth R Pulgaron
- Mailman Center for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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16
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Grest CV, Finno-Velasquez M, Cederbaum JA, Unger JB. Adverse Childhood Experiences Among 3 Generations of Latinx Youth. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:20-28. [PMID: 33341179 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The U.S. immigrant paradox shows worsening health across generations, with U.S.-born Latinx having poorer health outcomes than immigrants. Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased health risk over the life course, warranting further investigation. This study examines adverse childhood experience distribution across generations in a community sample of first-, second-, and +third-generation Latinx youth. METHODS Survey data were collected at 7 timepoints from 2005 to 2016; 1,303 participants completed follow-ups, including adverse childhood experiences, at Timepoint 5 (mean age=21.6 years). These analyses were performed in 2019. Adverse childhood experiences measured psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, and parental domestic violence, divorce, alcohol/drug use, mental illness, and incarceration. Adverse childhood experiences were operationalized as a continuous variable (number) and by 2 groups: household dysfunction and maltreatment. Associations between immigrant generation and adverse childhood experiences were analyzed in adjusted logistic and multiple regression models. RESULTS Compared with +third-generation youth, first- (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.27, 0.89) and second- (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.26, 0.72) generation youth had lower odds of reporting household dysfunction. For first-generation youth, this was specific to living with an alcohol/drug user (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.29, 0.81). In contrast to other adverse childhood experiences, first-generation youth had twice the odds of reporting sexual abuse (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.04, 3.88) compared with +third-generation youth. CONCLUSIONS Preventing health disparities among immigrant-origin youth requires understanding the impact of adverse childhood experiences on Latinx youth across generations. Results highlight associations among a Latinx youth community sample, suggesting variations in experiences across generations. Household factors in childhood may be key targets for interventions aimed at improving the outcomes observed in later generations for Latinx families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Grest
- School of Social Work, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Julie A Cederbaum
- Department of Children, Youth, and Families, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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17
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Areba EA, Watts AW, Larson N, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Acculturation and ethnic group differences in well-being among Somali, Latino, and Hmong adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2020; 91:109-119. [PMID: 33151733 PMCID: PMC8475720 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Research addressing the linkages between acculturation and markers of adolescent well-being across multiple ethnic minority groups is limited in scope and breadth, even though children of immigrant origin are the fastest growing population. We examined cross-sectional relationships between acculturation and substance use, socioemotional well-being, and academic achievement. Somali, Latino, and Hmong adolescents in Minnesota provided data as part of the EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) cohort study (N = 1,066). Acculturation was based on nativity, language usually spoken at home, and length of residence in the United States. Chi-square, ANOVA, and regression models were used to test for differences in adolescent well-being by acculturation and ethnic group, and interaction terms were added to models to test effect modification by ethnicity. Hmong adolescents had the highest mean acculturation scores (4.4 ± 1.5), whereas Somali adolescents (2.2 ± 1.8) were the least acculturated. Independent of ethnicity, acculturation was positively associated with marijuana (OR: 1.38; CI [1.25, 1.53]) and alcohol use (OR: 1.12; CI [1.02, 1.22]), and was negatively associated with academic achievement, based on grade point average (β = -0.07; CI [-0.12, -0.03]). Interaction effects indicated significant differences by ethnicity only for academic achievement; significant associations between acculturation and academic achievement were evident only for Somali and Latino youth. Prevention programming should include supports for multilingual and multicultural learners and account for cultural assets within immigrant origin families that maintain and nurture protective factors as adolescents acculturate and transition into young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice A. Areba
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Allison W. Watts
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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18
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Forster M, Vetrone S, Grigsby T, Rogers C, Unger J. The relationships between emerging adult transition themes, adverse childhood experiences, and substance use patterns among a community cohort of Hispanics. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 26:378-389. [PMID: 31464452 PMCID: PMC7048658 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood (ages 18-26) is a time of identity exploration, experimentation, focusing on self or others, and instability, themes captured in the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA). Preliminary evidence suggests that emerging adults (EAs) with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) score differently on transition dimensions than their peers, however, the role of ACE in the IDEA-substance use relationship is unknown. METHOD Data are from a longitudinal study of acculturation and health among Hispanics in California (N = 1,065). Multivariable regression models assessed the association between IDEA and ACE (no ACE, 1-3 ACE, and ≥ 4 ACE) for substance use behaviors over 2 time points. Interaction terms assessed whether ACE moderated the association between subjective perceptions of IDEA at age 20 and substance use at age 24. RESULTS ACE-exposed EAs scored higher on identity exploration, instability, self-focus, and experimentation dimensions than their peers (ps < .01-.001). Scores on experimentation, identity exploration, and self-focus at age 20 were associated with divergent patterns of substance use across ACE exposure categories. In comparison to other groups, individuals in ≥ 4 ACE group who strongly identified with these transition themes at age 20 had the highest probability of binge drinking, past 30-day alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use at age 24 (adjusted odds ratios = 1.09-1.49, confidence interval [1.02-2.58]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ACE can affect subjective perceptions of transition themes and increased risk for substance use over time. Implications for substance use prevention efforts tailored to Hispanic EAs are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Steven Vetrone
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Timothy Grigsby
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, & Nutrition,
University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Cir., San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Jennifer Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California
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Rogers CJ, Forster M, Valente TW, Unger JB. Associations between network-level acculturation, individual-level acculturation, and substance use among Hispanic adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:439-456. [PMID: 32539637 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1777610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation is associated with substance use behaviors in Hispanic adolescents. However, there is limited research determining whether the individual's friends' acculturation patterns also influence substance use. Tenth-grade students (N = 970) participated in Project RED, a study of substance use and social networks among Hispanic youth in Southern California. Acculturation and substance use data from both the respondent and their nominated friends were regressed on lifetime cigarette use, marijuana use, and alcohol use controlling for sibling substance use, sex, depressive symptoms, and network measures. Respondent's Hispanic orientation was significantly associated with lower odds of both cigarette and marijuana use, whereas respondent's friends' US orientation was associated with higher odds of cigarette use. When controlling for network-level acculturation, individual-level U.S. orientation was not associated with substance use. Participants who nominated more friends had lower odds of cigarette use. Among this sample of Hispanic adolescents, affiliating with U.S.-oriented friends was associated with a higher risk for smoking. Substance use prevention efforts should consider encouraging Hispanic youth to maintain their cultural heritage and foster friendship groups that support abstinence and promote Hispanic and bicultural identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Forster
- California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Thomas W. Valente
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Rogers CJ, Forster M, Vetrone S, Unger JB. The role of perceived discrimination in substance use trajectories in Hispanic young adults: A longitudinal cohort study from high school through emerging adulthood. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106253. [PMID: 31869743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between discrimination and substance use have been identified cross-sectionally in multiple populations including Hispanics. However, there is limited research exploring this phenomenon longitudinally in Hispanic youth over the transition from adolescence through emerging adulthood (EA). METHODS Hispanic youth in Southern California (n = 1457) completed surveys over 11 years, from 2006 to 2017, including three high school collection waves and five EA collection waves. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between perceived discrimination during high school and cigarette and marijuana use in both high school and EA, controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and EA discrimination. RESULTS Compared with those who never used cigarettes or marijuana in high school and EA, perceived discrimination in high school was a significant predictor of two patterns of use: high school initiators who discontinued use of smoking (RRR = 1.677, 95%CI = 1.292-2.176) and/or marijuana (RRR = 1.464, 95%CI = 1.162-1.844), and high school initiators who continued smoking (RRR = 1.492, 95%CI = 1.196-1.861) and/or marijuana use (RRR = 1.249, 95%CI = 1.052-1.482) into EA. For late initiators who did not use in high school but started in EA, perceived high school discrimination was a significant predictor for cigarette smoking (RRR = 1.193, 95%CI = 1.036-1.373) but not for marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Perceived discrimination during adolescence is associated with substance use trajectories across both adolescence and EA. Culturally tailored prevention programs that provide training in skills to cope with psychosocial stressors could improve Hispanic adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rogers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330, United States
| | - Steven Vetrone
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330, United States
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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21
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Youth and Caregiver Agreement of Youth Symptoms in Language Concordant and Discordant Dyads: Is Something Lost in Translation? SOCIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci8120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers are primarily responsible for seeking care on behalf of youth, so understanding how primary language relates to caregiver–youth agreement of youth symptoms is critical to extending the reach of mental health services. In this study, 145 youth (61% female; ages 12–17 years) and their caregivers, who received behavioral health services at primary care clinics, completed measures of youth symptoms in their primary language. We hypothesized primary language concordant caregiver–youth dyads would show higher agreement when reporting on youth symptoms than language discordant dyads, and youth and their caregivers would show higher agreement when reporting on behavioral (e.g., doing drugs, getting into arguments) rather than on internal (e.g., worrying, feeling worthless) symptoms. Overall, agreement in language concordant dyads ranged from r = 0.551 to 0.615, while in discordant dyads agreement ranged from r = 0.279 to 0.441. Consistent with our hypothesis, language concordant dyads demonstrated significantly greater agreement than discordant dyads for most of the analyses. Contrary to our hypothesis, agreement was similar for internalizing and externalizing symptom clusters. Results suggest primary language differences between youth and caregivers are associated with lower agreement about youth problems; youth generally report higher symptom frequency than their caregivers.
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Forster M, Davis L, Grigsby TJ, Rogers CJ, Vetrone SF, Unger JB. The Role of Familial Incarceration and Ethnic Identity in Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt: Findings from a Longitudinal Study of Latinx Young Adults in California. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:191-201. [PMID: 30968420 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young adults; however, contextual risks and cultural factors are rarely studied in the context of ethnic minority suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA). This study assessed the association between familial incarceration and suicide behaviors and examined ethnic identity as a potential moderator. Data from a longitudinal study of health among Hispanics (n = 1,094) in California were used to test associations between familial incarceration, ethnic identity, and SA and SI, adjusting for demographic factors and covariates. Approximately 18% and 8% of respondents reported SI and SA, respectively. Compared to no incarceration, or the incarceration of a relative, parental incarceration was associated with higher odds (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.23-3.34) of SI whereas higher affective ethnic identity reduced the odds (AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.89) of SA. Ethnic identity moderated the association between parental incarceration and SI (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79). Incarceration of a family member can set the stage for exclusion from critical institutions and can have long-term consequences for adult mental health. Promoting a positive ethnic identity may be a promising prevention strategy that could bolster resilience among at-risk, urban minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Davis
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, & Nutrition, University of Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Rogers
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Vetrone
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Flores RT, Cano MÁ, Correa-Fernández V, Field CA, Heppner WL, Strong LL, Castro Y. Associations of Multiple Acculturation Domains with Smoking Status among Latino Adults. JOURNAL OF LATINX PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 7:171-183. [PMID: 31745537 PMCID: PMC6863601 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few efficacious interventions for tobacco use exist for Latinos. Identification of cultural factors relevant to smoking among Latinos can inform the development of efficacious interventions for Latino smokers. Acculturation is associated with smoking, especially among Latinas, but extant research is limited by operationalization of acculturation with unidirectional, single-domain proxies. We examined associations of multiple domains of acculturation with gender and smoking status among Latino adults. Cross-sectional data from 140 bilingual Latino adults was utilized. Acculturation was measured with the 4 subscales of the Multidimensional Acculturation Scale II (MAS-II). Logistic regression analyses tested interaction effects between MAS-II American and Latino Cultural Identification subscales, English and Spanish Proficiency subscales, and their interactions with gender, on smoking status. Higher English Proficiency was associated with greater odds of being a smoker at Spanish Proficiency scores of 4.5 or higher. Higher Latino Cultural Identification was associated with lower odds of being a smoker among women, but not men. Acculturation toward American culture, per se, may not be a risk factor for smoking; rather, its influence depends on Latino culture maintenance. Unlike in other areas of mental/behavioral health among Latinos, biculturalism may not be protective against smoking. The association between acculturation and smoking among Latinas may be a function of loss of Latino culture identification. Intervention programs should consider targeting these at-risk individuals. Longitudinal work that corroborates current findings and identifies mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon T Flores
- Department of Education, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Craig A Field
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso
| | | | - Larkin L Strong
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Yessenia Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin
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First-Generation Immigrant Mothers Report Less Spanking of 1-Year-Old Children Compared with Mothers of Other Immigrant Generations. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:496-503. [PMID: 30600510 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages spanking, especially of infants and young toddlers. This study examines the association between maternal immigrant generation and reported spanking of 1-year-old children, and whether this association is impacted by domestic violence (DV). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional secondary data analysis using 1-year wave data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We used descriptive statistics to explore demographic differences among first-generation, second-generation, and third-generation or higher (reference group) mothers. We conducted logistic regression to examine the association between immigrant generation and spanking, controlling for covariates. We used stratified logistic regression to evaluate how experiencing DV may impact the association between immigrant generation and spanking. Results The study included 370 first-generation mothers, 165 second-generation mothers, and 1754 reference group mothers. The prevalence of spanking differed across immigrant generations (p = 0.004). First-generation mothers had statistically significant lower odds of spanking compared with the reference group (adjusted OR 0.26; CI 0.11-0.64). Second-generation mothers also had lower odds of spanking compared with the reference group, although this result did not reach statistical significance (adjusted OR 0.60; CI 0.22-1.63). Mothers' report of experiencing DV appeared to impact the relationship between immigrant generation and spanking. Discussion First-generation immigrant mothers had lower odds of reported spanking compared to reference group mothers, an association which is attenuated for both second-generation immigrant mothers and mothers who have experienced DV. Future work should explore the potential factors that drive variations in spanking between immigrant generations.
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Vidourek RA, King KA, Burbage M, Culp A. Nonmedical prescription drug use among Hispanic youths: An emerging problem. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1561578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Vidourek
- Health Promotion and Education, Center for Prevention Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A. King
- Health Promotion and Education, Center for Prevention Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Burbage
- Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aubrey Culp
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Basáñez T, Sussman S, Clark J, Unger JB. Intragroup xenophobic attitudes, ethnic identity, and substance use among Latinx adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 19:417-434. [PMID: 30636571 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1540954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined intragroup xenophobic attitudes, ethnic identity, and substance use (N = 905). Drawing on cognitive dissonance theory, we hypothesized that intragroup xenophobic attitudes among Latinx individuals would be associated with higher levels of substance use (SU) in early adulthood and that ethnic identity would increase the strength of that association. We found that in 10th grade, xenophobic attitudes were higher among respondents with lower ethnic identity, a longer family history in the United States, and less stress. In a longitudinal analysis, SU in emerging adulthood was highest among males, those reporting higher stress in 10th grade, and those with a longer family history in the United States. There was a significant interaction of ethnic identity and xenophobia on substance use (β = -.12, p < .001), indicating that substance use was higher among Latinxs with low ethnic identity who harbor xenophobic attitudes. Findings are explained using system justification theory because intragroup xenophobia appears to operate as a coping strategy that is maladaptive for Latinx individuals reporting low ethnic identity but somehow useful to those with high ethnic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Sussman
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordan Clark
- Mount Saint Mary's College, Los Angeles, California
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Grigsby TJ, Forster M, Davis L, Unger JB. Substance Use Outcomes for Hispanic Emerging Adults Exposed to Incarceration of a Household Member during Childhood. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 19:358-370. [PMID: 30346915 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1511494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether Hispanic emerging adults exposed to household incarceration before age 18 report higher rates of past 30-day cigarette, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana use, and negative substance use consequences, relative to participants not exposed to incarceration of a household member. Respondents were matched on key characteristics to create balanced groups of exposed and nonexposed respondents. Negative binomial regression models assessed primary research questions. There were significant long-term associations between household incarceration and the frequency of past 30-day binge drinking, marijuana use, and number of negative substance use consequences. Policies and health programs addressing household incarceration may be a promising prevention approach to reduce negative substance use outcomes among Hispanic emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Forster
- California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Laurel Davis
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Lui PP, Zamboanga BL. A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between Acculturation and Alcohol Use Outcomes Among Hispanic Americans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1841-1862. [PMID: 30030932 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation has been studied as one key sociocultural determinant that helps explain ethnic disparities in alcohol use outcomes among Hispanic Americans. Primary studies and other systematic reviews have found between-study inconsistencies regarding the extent to which acculturation is associated with alcohol use outcomes among Hispanic Americans. To better examine whether acculturation is distinctly linked to drinker status, drinking frequency, volume, intensity, binge drinking, and hazardous alcohol use/drinking problems, and to identify individual and methodological factors that moderate these associations, we conducted a comprehensive research synthesis. A systematic review was conducted on research pertaining to the associations between acculturation and alcohol use among Hispanics. We included 88 independent study samples (N = 68,282) coded from 68 manuscripts published in 1987 to 2017. Standard and robust variance estimation (RVE) meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the correlations between acculturation and overall alcohol use. We also conducted a series of analyses to examine the weighted mean correlations between acculturation and 6 specific drinking outcomes. We found a statistically significant correlation between acculturation and overall alcohol use (r = 0.09, p < 0.001). Acculturation was associated with drinker status (r = 0.10, p < 0.001), drinking intensity (r = 0.09, p = 0.001), binge drinking (r = 0.05, p = 0.006), and hazardous alcohol use/drinking problems (r = 0.06, p = 0.006), but not drinking frequency (r = 0.02, p = 0.56) or volume (r = 0.01, p = 0.73). Gender, acculturation dimension, acculturation domain, age group, and sampling settings were found to explain between-study variability in some of these associations. Findings show small relations between acculturation and various alcohol use outcomes, but the effects are relatively more robust among Hispanic women, adults, and when studies measured U.S. cultural orientation, linguistic acculturation, and behavioral practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Priscilla Lui
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas
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McCord AL, Draucker CB, Bigatti S. Cultural Stressors and Depressive Symptoms in Latino/a Adolescents: An Integrative Review. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2018; 25:49-65. [PMID: 29862864 PMCID: PMC7700804 DOI: 10.1177/1078390318778885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latino/a adolescents experience higher levels of depressive symptoms than Caucasian and African American adolescents. Many studies found that cultural stressors contribute to this disparity, but these findings have not been integrated into a cohesive picture of the specific cultural stressors that contribute to the development of depressive symptoms for Latino/a adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this integrative review is to identify cultural stressors that are associated with depressive symptoms in Latino/a adolescents. DESIGN Procedures outlined by Ganong were used to conduct the review. The results of 33 articles that met inclusion criteria were synthesized. RESULTS Discrimination, family culture conflict, acculturative and bicultural stress, intragroup rejection, immigration stress, and context of reception were identified as cultural stressors that are associated with depressive symptoms in Latino/a adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should employ strategies to help Latino/a youth cope with cultural stressors and advocate for policies that support the mental health of Latino/a youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Bigatti
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202
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Zucker RA, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Paulus MP, Arroyo J, Fuligni A, Morris AS, Sanchez M, Wills T. Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:107-120. [PMID: 29627333 PMCID: PMC6436615 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental maturation takes place in a social environment in addition to a neurobiological one. Characterization of social environmental factors that influence this process is therefore an essential component in developing an accurate model of adolescent brain and neurocognitive development, as well as susceptibility to change with the use of marijuana and other drugs. The creation of the Culture and Environment (CE) measurement component of the ABCD protocol was guided by this understanding. Three areas were identified by the CE Work Group as central to this process: influences relating to CE Group membership, influences created by the proximal social environment, influences stemming from social interactions. Eleven measures assess these influences, and by time of publication, will have been administered to well over 7,000 9-10 year-old children and one of their parents. Our report presents baseline data on psychometric characteristics (mean, standard deviation, range, skewness, coefficient alpha) of all measures within the battery. Effectiveness of the battery in differentiating 9-10 year olds who were classified as at higher and lower risk for marijuana use in adolescence was also evaluated. Psychometric characteristics on all measures were good to excellent; higher vs. lower risk contrasts were significant in areas where risk differentiation would be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Zucker
- Addiction Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33145, United States.
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326, United States.
| | - Judith Arroyo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane Room 2011, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Andrew Fuligni
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Amanda Sheffield Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research & Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, United States.
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse, Florida International University, United States.
| | - Thomas Wills
- University of Hawaii, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, United States.
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Grest CV, Amaro H, Unger J. Longitudinal Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization in Latino Emerging Adults. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:560-574. [PMID: 28382461 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood, literature focused on this life stage among Latinos remains limited. This longitudinal study examined acculturation; traditional gender role attitudes; use of alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco; and depressive symptoms in 10th grade as predictors of intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization among Latino emerging adults (N = 823; 58% female). Average age of participants was 15.5 years in 10th grade and 22.7 years in emerging adulthood. The results indicate important gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes for Latino emerging adults. Higher U.S. acculturation predicted physical intimate partner violence perpetration among young men. More traditional gender role attitudes were significantly associated with psychological and physical intimate partner violence perpetration among male Latino emerging adults. Among Latinas, alcohol use in 10th grade predicted psychological perpetration and victimization in emerging adulthood. The findings have implications for developing gender- and ethnic-relevant prevention interventions focused on intimate partner violence among Latino adolescents and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villamil Grest
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Hortensia Amaro
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kane JC, Johnson RM, Iwamoto DK, Jernigan DH, Harachi TW, Bass JK. Pathways linking intergenerational cultural dissonance and alcohol use among Asian American youth: The role of family conflict, parental involvement, and peer behavior. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 18:613-633. [PMID: 29452050 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1428709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A difference in degree of acculturation between immigrant parents and children, known as intergenerational cultural dissonance (ICD), is a risk factor for adolescent alcohol use. We used path analysis with 292 Vietnamese and Cambodian adolescents from immigrant families in the United States to measure potential mediators (family conflict, parental involvement/monitoring, association with deviant peers) of the ICD-alcohol use relationship. The hypothesized model was an adequate data fit among both groups. Among Cambodian adolescents, higher ICD levels significantly predicted increased family conflict, which in turn was associated with reduced parental involvement/monitoring, increased association with deviant peers, and a subsequently higher risk of alcohol use (p < .05 for all coefficients). We also found significant indirect effects of ICD on alcohol use among Vietnamese adolescents through family conflict and parental involvement/monitoring (p < .05 for all coefficients) but not through peer behavior. For both groups, there was no direct effect of ICD on alcohol use outside these pathways. Identification of significant mediators provides potential targets for preventing alcohol use among these populations. In addition, differences in path coefficients between Vietnamese and Cambodian adolescents underscore the importance of conducting analyses stratified by Asian ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Kane
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland
| | | | - David H Jernigan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland
| | - Tracy W Harachi
- University of Washington School of Social Work , Seattle , Washington
| | - Judith K Bass
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland
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Latent Class Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization among Latino Emerging Adults. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:575-585. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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"We would never forget who we are": resettlement, cultural negotiation, and family relationships among Somali Bantu refugees. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1387-1400. [PMID: 28474153 PMCID: PMC5740486 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Somali refugees are resettling in large numbers in the US, but little is known about the Somali Bantu, an ethnic minority within this population. Refugee youth mental health is linked to the functioning of the larger family unit. Understanding how the process of culturally adjusting to life after resettlement relates to family functioning can help identify what kind of interventions might strengthen families and lead to better mental health outcomes for youth. This paper seeks to address the following research questions: (1) How do different groups of Somali Bantu refugees describe their experiences of culturally adapting to life in the US?; and (2) How, if at all, do processes of cultural adaptation in a new country affect Somali Bantu family functioning? We conducted 14 focus groups with a total of 81 Somali Bantu refugees in New England. Authors analyzed focus groups using principles of thematic analysis to develop codes and an overarching theoretical model about the relationship between cultural adaptation, parent-child relationships, and family functioning. Views and expectations of parent-child relationships were compared between Somali Bantu youth and adults. Cultural negotiation was dependent upon broader sociocultural contexts in the United States that were most salient to the experience of the individual. Adult and youth participants had conflicting views around negotiating Somali Bantu culture, which often led to strained parent-child relationships. In contrast, youth sibling relationships were strengthened, as they turned to each other for support in navigating the process of cultural adaptation.
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Nair RL, Roche KM, White RMB. Acculturation Gap Distress among Latino Youth: Prospective Links to Family Processes and Youth Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Academic Performance. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:105-120. [PMID: 29030790 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Latino youth have higher rates of educational and mental health difficulties compared to peers from other racial/ethnic groups. To understand the factors related to such maladjustment, a mediational model linking youth report of parent-youth acculturation gaps to prospective changes (from spring to fall semester) in youth report of academic performance, depressive symptoms and alcohol use via youth report of parent-youth conflict and family cohesion, was studied in a sample of 248 U.S.-and foreign-born Latino youth (Mage = 15.21 years; 50% female; 67% U.S.-born). Parent-youth acculturation gaps were associated with changes in youth academic performance across two semesters via their negative impact on family functioning. For U.S.-born youth, parent-youth acculturation gaps were also linked to changes in alcohol use via parent-adolescent conflict. Results provide some support for the acculturative gap hypotheses while unique findings across nativity groups suggest that such individual-level characteristics may serve as important sources of variation for Latino youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni L Nair
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave, Suite 345, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0696, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Roche
- Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave., Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Rebecca M B White
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P. O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
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Cappelli C, Ames S, Yusuke S, Mark D, Alan S. Affective decision-making moderates the effects of automatic associations on alcohol use among drug offenders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:534-544. [PMID: 27624979 PMCID: PMC6097230 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1216557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used a dual-process model of cognition in order to investigate the possible influence of automatic and deliberative processes on lifetime alcohol use in a sample of drug offenders. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine if automatic/implicit associations in memory can exert an influence over an individual's alcohol use and if decision-making ability could potentially modify the influence of these associations. METHODS 168 participants completed a battery of cognitive tests measuring implicit alcohol associations in memory (verb generation) as well as their affective decision-making ability (Iowa Gambling Task). Structural equation modeling procedures were used to test the relationship between implicit associations, decision-making, and lifetime alcohol use. RESULTS Results revealed that among participants with lower levels of decision-making, implicit alcohol associations more strongly predicted higher lifetime alcohol use. CONCLUSION These findings provide further support for the interaction between a specific decision function and its influence over automatic processes in regulating alcohol use behavior in a risky population. Understanding the interaction between automatic associations and decision processes may aid in developing more effective intervention components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cappelli
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 West Foothill Blvd., Claremont, CA 91711 United States,
| | - Susan Ames
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 West Foothill Blvd, Claremont, CA 91711 United States,
| | - Shono Yusuke
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 West Foothill Blvd., Claremont, CA 91711 United States,
| | - Dust Mark
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 West Foothill Blvd, Claremont, CA 91711 United States,
| | - Stacy Alan
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 675 West Foothill Blvd, Claremont, CA 91711 United States,
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Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Rosiers SED, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Huang S, Villamar JA, Soto D, Pattarroyo M. Alcohol use among recent immigrant Latino/a youth: acculturation, gender, and the Theory of Reasoned Action. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2016; 21:609-27. [PMID: 27220730 PMCID: PMC5127199 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1179723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latino/a youth are at risk for alcohol use. This risk seems to rise with increasing US cultural orientation and decreasing Latino cultural orientation, especially among girls. To ascertain how acculturation may influence Latino/a youth alcohol use, we integrated an expanded multi-domain model of acculturation with the Theory of Reasoned Action. DESIGN Participants were 302 recent Latino/a immigrant youth (141 girls, 160 boys; 152 from Miami, 150 from Los Angeles) who completed surveys at 4 time points. Youth completed measures of acculturation, attitudes toward drinking, perceived subjective norms regarding alcohol use, intention to drink, and alcohol use. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that collectivistic values predicted more perceived disapproval of drinking, which negatively predicted intention to drink. Intention to drink predicted elevated alcohol use. CONCLUSION Although the association between collectivistic values and social disapproval of drinking was relatively small (β = .19, p < .05), findings suggest that collectivistic values may help protect Latino/a immigrant youth from alcohol use by influencing their perceived social disapproval of drinking, leading to lower intention to drink. Educational preventive interventions aimed at reducing or preventing alcohol use in recent Latino/a immigrant youth could promote collectivistic values and disseminate messages about the negative consequences of drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, Phone: 305.243.8791,
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, USC, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, Phone: 323.442.8234;
| | - Byron L. Zamboanga
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, MA 01063, Phone: 413.585.3906;
| | - Sabrina E. Des Rosiers
- Department of Psychology, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Avenue, Miami Shores, FL 33161, Phone: 305.899.4904;
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, 2001 Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, Phone: 323. 442.7801;
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 N.W. 14th St., Suite 1013, Miami, FL 33136, Tel: 305.243.7426;
| | - Juan A. Villamar
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 North Lake Shore Dr, 10th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone: 312.503.4327;
| | - Daniel Soto
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239, Phone: 323.442.8211;
| | - Monica Pattarroyo
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239, Phone: 323.442.8211;
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Nieri T, Grindal M, Adams MA, Cookston JT, Fabricius WV, Parke RD, Saenz DS. Reconsidering the "acculturation gap" narrative through an analysis of parent-adolescent acculturation differences in Mexican American families. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2016; 37:1919-1944. [PMID: 27695153 PMCID: PMC5040347 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x14551175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 193 Mexican American adolescents (M age at Wave 1 = 14) and three waves of data over two years, this study longitudinally examined the effects of parent-youth acculturation differences, relative to no differences, on parent-adolescent relationship quality and youth problem behavior. We examined parent-youth differences in overall acculturation, Mexican acculturation, and American acculturation. We differentiated between cases in which the adolescent was more acculturated than the parent and cases in which the parent was more acculturated than the adolescent. Adolescents were more commonly similar to their parents than different. Where differences existed, adolescents were not uniformly more American than their parents, no type of difference was associated with parent-adolescent relationship quality, and no type of difference in overall acculturation was associated with youth problem behavior. One type of difference by dimension (adolescent had less Mexican acculturation than mother) was associated with less risk of problem behavior.
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Córdova D, Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Villamar JA, Soto DW, Des Rosiers SE, Lee TK, Meca A, Cano MÁ, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Oshri A, Salas-Wright CP, Piña-Watson B, Romero AJ. A Longitudinal Test of the Parent-Adolescent Family Functioning Discrepancy Hypothesis: A Trend toward Increased HIV Risk Behaviors Among Immigrant Hispanic Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:2164-77. [PMID: 27216199 PMCID: PMC5021559 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parent-adolescent discrepancies in family functioning play an important role in HIV risk behaviors among adolescents, yet longitudinal research with recent immigrant Hispanic families remains limited. This study tested the effects of trajectories of parent-adolescent family functioning discrepancies on HIV risk behaviors among recent-immigrant Hispanic adolescents. Additionally, we examined whether and to what extent trajectories of parent-adolescent family functioning discrepancies vary as a function of gender. We assessed family functioning of 302 Hispanic adolescents (47 % female) and their parent (70 % female) at six time points over a three-year period and computed latent discrepancy scores between parent and adolescent reports at each timepoint. Additionally, adolescents completed measures of sexual risk behaviors and alcohol use. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to determine the feasibility of collapsing parent and adolescent reported family functioning indicators onto a single latent discrepancy variable, tested model invariance over time, and conducted growth mixture modeling (GMM). GMM yielded a three-class solution for discrepancies: High-Increasing, High-Stable, and Low-Stable. Relative to the Low-Stable class, parent-adolescent dyads in the High-Increasing and High-Stable classes were at greater risk for adolescents reporting sexual debut at time 6. Additionally, the High-Stable class was at greater risk, relative to the Low-Stable class, in terms of adolescent lifetime alcohol use at 30 months post-baseline. Multiple group GMM indicated that trajectories of parent-adolescent family functioning trajectories did not vary by gender. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Juan A Villamar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel W Soto
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan Meca
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Zamboanga BL, Córdova D, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Huang S, Des Rosiers SE, Soto DW, Lizzi KM, Villamar JA, Pattarroyo M, Szapocznik J. Testing the Parent-Adolescent Acculturation Discrepancy Hypothesis: A Five-Wave Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:567-586. [PMID: 27616871 PMCID: PMC5014429 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This 2½-year, 5-wave longitudinal study tests the hypothesis that acculturation discrepancies between Hispanic immigrant parents and adolescents would lead to compromised family functioning, which would then lead to problematic adolescent outcomes. Recent-immigrant Hispanic parent-adolescent dyads (N = 302) completed measures of acculturation and family functioning. Adolescents completed measures of positive youth development, depressive symptoms, problem behavior, and substance use. Results indicated that Time 1 discrepancies in Hispanic-culture retention, and linear trajectories in some of these discrepancies, negatively predicted adolescent positive youth development, and positively predicted adolescent depressive symptoms and binge drinking, indirectly through adolescent-reported family functioning. The vast majority of effects were mediated rather than direct, supporting the acculturation discrepancy hypothesis. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14 Street, Suite 1073, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001, N Soto Street, MC 9239, Suite 330A, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001, N Soto Street, MC 9239, Suite 302A, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239
| | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Bass Hall 404, Northampton, MA 01063
| | - David Córdova
- Department of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University, Room 2846, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Barnwell College, Room 461, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14 Street, Suite 1073, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Sabrina E Des Rosiers
- Department of Psychology, Barry University, 11300 NE Second Avenue, Miami Shores, FL 33161
| | - Daniel W Soto
- Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001, N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239
| | - Karina M Lizzi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14 Street, Suite 1073, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Juan A Villamar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60657
| | - Monica Pattarroyo
- Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001, N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14 Street, Suite 1073, Miami, FL 33136
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Concha M, Sanchez M, Rojas P, Villar ME, De La Rosa M. Differences in Acculturation and Trajectories of Anxiety and Alcohol Consumption Among Latina Mothers and Daughters in South Florida. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 18:886-895. [PMID: 26399773 PMCID: PMC4805496 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study documents generational differences in the impact of acculturation related factors on anxiety and alcohol use behaviors between adult Latino mothers and adult daughters. Findings indicate that for mothers (n = 144) and daughters (n = 149), self-reported anxiety levels decreased from baseline to follow up (p = 0.001). For mothers at follow up (n = 147), results indicate that affiliation to Latino culture is negatively associated with anxiety (p = 0.018). Conversely, employment and partner relationship stress are positively associated with anxiety (p = 0.05 and p = 0.016 respectively). In addition, self-reported anxiety is positively associated with alcohol intake (p = 0.002) and employment (p = 0.007). For daughters(n = 149), partner relationship stressors, anxiety and alcohol intake decreased significantly from baseline to follow up at a p = 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.05 respectively. In addition, for daughters at baseline (n = 160), affiliation to U.S. culture is positively associated with self-reported anxiety (p = 0.01). Employment is negatively associated with alcohol consumption (p = 0.027). At follow up (n = 152), daughters' partner relationship stress is positively associated with self- reported anxiety (p = 0.049). Findings in this study can be used to develop culturally appropriate interventions, support groups and individual therapy sessions by taking into consideration generational differences among Latino women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Concha
- Covian Consulting, Inc, 3267 Progress Drive, Orlando, FL 32826,
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, PCA 356, Miami, FL 33199,
| | - Patria Rojas
- Florida International University, CRUSADA, 11200 SW 8th Street, PCA 356, Miami, FL 33199,
| | - Maria Elena Villar
- School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Florida International University, 30000 NE 151 Street, AC2, # 324, North Miami, FL 33181,
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Florida International University, Director CRUSADA, 11200 SW 8th Street, PCA 356, Miami, FL 33199,
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Role transitions and substance use among Hispanic emerging adults: A longitudinal study using coarsened exact matching. Addict Behav 2016; 58:95-9. [PMID: 26921724 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging adulthood (ages 18 to 25) is characterized by changes in relationships, education, work, and viewpoints on life. The prevalence of substance use also peaks during this period. Among emerging adults, Hispanics have a unique substance use profile, and have been described as a priority population for substance use prevention. Cross-sectional studies among Hispanics have shown that specific role transitions (e.g., starting or ending romantic relationships) were associated with substance use. Negative affect from uncertainty/stress that accompanies role transitions in emerging adulthood may lead to substance use as a maladaptive coping mechanism. Longitudinal studies are needed to gain a more complete understanding of these associations. METHODS Participants completed surveys for Project RED, a longitudinal study of substance use among Hispanics in Southern California. This study used Coarsened Exact Matching to overcome the methodological limitations of previous studies. Participants were matched on pretreatment variables including age, gender, substance use behavior in high school, and depressive symptoms. Past-month cigarette use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and hard drug use were the outcomes of interest. After matching, each outcome was regressed on each individual role transition in year one of emerging adulthood with this process repeated in year two of emerging adulthood. RESULTS Role transitions in romance and work were positively associated with multiple categories of substance use. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs should teach emerging adults ways to cope with the stress from role transitions. Individual role transitions may be used to screen for subgroups of emerging adults at high risk for substance use.
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Bacio GA, Ray LA. Patterns of Drinking Initiation Among Latino Youths: Cognitive and Contextual Explanations of the Immigrant Paradox. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara A. Ray
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kane JC, Johnson RM, Robinson C, Jernigan DH, Harachi TW, Bass JK. The Impact of Intergenerational Cultural Dissonance on Alcohol Use Among Vietnamese and Cambodian Adolescents in the United States. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:174-80. [PMID: 26598062 PMCID: PMC4724507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rates of alcohol use may be increasing among Asian-American adolescents. Among youth from Asian-immigrant families, intergenerational cultural dissonance (ICD), a difference in acculturation between children and caregivers, is associated with adverse childhood outcomes. This study investigates the longitudinal association of ICD and alcohol use among youth from immigrant Vietnamese and Cambodian families in the United States. METHODS Two waves of annual data, wave 4 (baseline for this study) and wave 5 (follow-up), were obtained from the Cross-Cultural Families Project, a longitudinal study of 327 Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrant families in Washington State. The Asian-American Family Conflicts Scale was used to measure ICD. Adolescent alcohol use was measured as any drinking in the past 30 days. A multiple logistic regression model was estimated with the outcome, alcohol use, measured at the follow-up visit and all predictors, including ICD, measured at baseline. Sex, nationality, nativity, and acculturation were tested as modifiers of the ICD-alcohol use relationship. RESULTS Nine percent of adolescents (age range 13-18 years) reported alcohol use at baseline and this increased significantly (p < .0001) to 16% one year later. ICD was associated with increased odds of alcohol use at follow-up (odds ratio: 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-2.41; p = .04). None of the interactions were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS ICD is a significant predictor of alcohol use among Vietnamese and Cambodian adolescents. Interventions that should be targeted toward reducing ICD through enhancing parent-child communication and teaching bicultural competence skills may help prevent alcohol use problems among youth from immigrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Courtland Robinson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David H Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tracy W Harachi
- University of Washington School of Social Work, Seattle, Washington
| | - Judith K Bass
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Iwamoto DK, Kaya A, Grivel M, Clinton L. Under-Researched Demographics: Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Asian Americans. Alcohol Res 2016; 38:17-25. [PMID: 27159808 PMCID: PMC4872609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian Americans represent the fastest- growing population in the United States (Le 2010). At the same time, there is evidence that problematic drinking rates are increasing among young-adult Asian Americans (Grant et al. 2004). Accordingly, it is essential to understand the etiological determinants and mechanisms of risk that may help explain this growth in problematic alcohol use among this group. The high prevalence of the ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 alleles in a large percentage of Asian subgroups has been studied as a potential protective factors against alcohol abuse, yet some individuals who possess these genes still engage in problematic alcohol use (Wall et al. 2001). Other social and psychological factors may account for this discrepancy. Thus, some factors, such as negative physiological alcohol expectancies, are protective against alcohol abuse in this population (Hendershot et al. 2009). Sociocultural factors such as acculturation and nativity also may help explain drinking patterns among this group. The literature suggests that vast and significant within-group differences exist among Asian Americans, such that individuals who were born in the United States and/or are more acculturated are at elevated risk for alcohol abuse and related problems (Hahm et al. 2003). Differences also have been observed among Asian-American ethnic subgroups, with some groups (e.g., Japanese, Korean, and multi-Asian Americans) reporting higher rates of drinking compared with others (e.g., Chinese and Vietnamese Americans) (Iwamoto et al. 2012). Furthermore, Asian Americans who report higher levels of depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and perceived discrimination seem to be at a heightened risk for abusing alcohol (Iwamoto et al. 2011a; Nishimura et al. 2005; Yoo et al. 2010). Finally, an emerging body of research examining gender-relevant factors, including feminine and masculine norms, may help explain within-group differences among Asian-American women and men. Thus, traditional norms that may directly pertain to hyperfemininzed Asian-American women, including modesty and sexual fidelity, may protect against heavy episodic drinking (Young et al. 2005). Conversely, the risk for heavy episodic drinking may be enhanced in men who strive to demonstrate traditional notions of masculinity through risk-taking and endorsement of playboy norms (Iwamoto et al. 2010). Although this review has illustrated the contemporary state of research on alcohol use among Asian Americans, it also highlights the significant limitations in this literature. Many of the studies reviewed here have used cross-sectional data, which do not allow researchers to infer causality between the various sociocultural factors and problematic alcohol use. One way of addressing this gap in the existing literature may be to implement longitudinal designs to further understand how the temporal relationship between sociocultural factors, including acculturation and gender norms, may impact alcohol use and alcohol-related problem trajectories. There also is a pressing need to develop greater understanding of within-group differences among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asian Americans as well as among as specific ethnic groups. To date, epidemiological research has largely neglected to examine these significant discrepancies. Given the growing prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among Asian-American women (Grant et al. 2004; Iwamoto et al. 2010), studies also should focus on this group and explore how the intersection of gender and culture may influence alcohol use. Finally, the majority of research on this population has been conducted in college samples; therefore, it is important to also examine community samples, including U.S.-born young adults who are not attending college and older adult Asian-American populations.
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Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Unger JB, Oshri A, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Soto D. Profiles of bullying victimization, discrimination, social support, and school safety: Links with Latino/a youth acculturation, gender, depressive symptoms, and cigarette use. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 86:37-48. [PMID: 26752445 PMCID: PMC5041296 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Latino/a youth are at risk for symptoms of depression and cigarette smoking but this risk varies by acculturation and gender. To understand why some youth are at greater risk than others, we identified profiles of diverse community experiences (perceived discrimination, bullying victimization, social support, perceived school safety) and examined associations between profiles of community experience and depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, acculturation, and gender. Data came from Project Red (Reteniendo y Entendiendo Diversidad para Salud), a school-based longitudinal study of acculturation among 1,919 Latino/a adolescents (52% female; 84% 14 years old; 87% U.S. born). Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed 4 distinct profiles of community experience that varied by gender and acculturation. Boys were overrepresented in profile groups with high perceived discrimination, some bullying, and lack of positive experiences, while girls were overrepresented in groups with high bullying victimization in the absence and presence of other community experiences. Youth low on both U.S. and Latino/a cultural orientation described high perceived discrimination and lacked positive experiences, and were predominantly male. Profiles characterized by high perceived discrimination and /or high bullying victimization in the absence of positive experiences had higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher risk of smoking, relative to the other groups. Findings suggest that acculturation comes with diverse community experiences that vary by gender and relate to smoking and depression risk. Results from this research can inform the development of tailored intervention and prevention strategies to reduce depression and/or smoking for Latino/a youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton, Columbia, SC 29208, Phone: 803.777.808
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, USC, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, Phone: 323.442.8234
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, The University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602-2622, Phone: 706.542.4882
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, 2001 Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, Phone: 323. 442.7801
| | - Daniel Soto
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles CA 90089-9239, Phone: 323.442.8211
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The "immigrant paradox" phenomenon: assessing problem behaviors and risk factors among immigrant and native adolescents. J Prim Prev 2015; 35:339-56. [PMID: 25037844 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-014-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the "immigrant paradox" phenomenon by examining differences in problem behavior engagement and exposure to risk factors across four adolescent groups: 1,157 first-generation, 1,498 second-generation, and 3,316 White and minority third or higher generations. Latent mean differences in problem behavior engagement (i.e., academic failure, aggression, and substance use) and risk factors (i.e., low socioeconomic status, poor family relationship, and low sense of school belonging) were associated with significant differences across adolescent groups. Results supported the generational status effect by demonstrating sequentially greater adolescent problem behavior engagement. However, the difference in exposure to risk factors across adolescent groups only partially supported the immigrant paradox. Further, the multiple group analysis of the relationships between risk factors and engagement in problem behaviors showed increased susceptibility among second generation immigrants for substance use, White natives for academic failure and substance use, and minority natives for physical aggression. Study findings have implications for understanding how the immigrant paradox leads to different adjustment patterns and problem behavior manifestations among immigrant and native adolescents.
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Allem JP, Soto DW, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Unger JB. Adverse childhood experiences and substance use among Hispanic emerging adults in Southern California. Addict Behav 2015; 50:199-204. [PMID: 26160522 PMCID: PMC4515389 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging adults who experienced stressful childhoods may engage in substance use as a maladaptive coping strategy. Given the collectivistic values Hispanics encounter growing up, adverse childhood experiences may play a prominent role in substance use decisions as these events violate the assumptions of group oriented cultural paradigms. Alternatively, adverse childhood events might not increase the risk of substance use because strong family ties could mitigate the potential maladaptive behaviors associated with these adverse experiences. This study examined whether adverse childhood experiences were associated with substance use among Hispanic emerging adults. METHOD Participants (n = 1420, mean age = 22, 41% male) completed surveys indicating whether they experienced any of 8 specific adverse experiences within their first 18 years of life, and past-month cigarette use, marijuana use, hard drug use, and binge drinking. Logistic regression models examined the associations between adverse childhood experiences and each category of substance use, controlling for age, gender, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The number of adverse childhood experiences was significantly associated with each category of substance use. A difference in the number of adverse childhood experiences, from 0 to 8, was associated with a 22% higher probability of cigarette smoking, a 24% higher probability of binge drinking, a 31% higher probability of marijuana use, and a 12% higher probability of hard drug use respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be integrated into prevention/intervention programs in hopes of quelling the duration and severity of substance use behaviors among Hispanic emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Patrick Allem
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
| | - Daniel W Soto
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor Mail, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
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Lawton KE, Gerdes AC. Acculturation and Latino adolescent mental health: integration of individual, environmental, and family influences. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 17:385-98. [PMID: 24794635 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-014-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to address the mental health disparities that exist for Latino adolescents in the United States, psychologists must understand specific factors that contribute to the high risk of mental health problems in Latino youth. Given the significant percentage of Latino youth who are immigrants or the children of immigrants, acculturation is a key factor in understanding mental health among this population. However, limitations in the conceptualization and measurement of acculturation have led to conflicting findings in the literature. Thus, the goal of the current review is to examine and critique research linking acculturation and mental health outcomes for Latino youth, as well as to integrate individual, environmental, and family influences of this relationship. An integrated theoretical model is presented and implications for clinical practice and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Lawton
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA,
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