1
|
Favini A, Culcasi F, Cirimele F, Remondi C, Plata MG, Caldaroni S, Virzì AT, Luengo Kanacri BP. Smartphone and social network addiction in early adolescents: The role of self-regulatory self-efficacy in a pilot school-based intervention. J Adolesc 2024; 96:551-565. [PMID: 37853581 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youths' online problematic behaviors, such as smartphone or social network sites (SNS) addiction, gained increasing attention nowadays, due to their impact on concurrent and later adjustment, such as emotional and/or behavioral problems, academic impairments, or relational issues. AIMS This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot school-based intervention to contrast online addictive behaviors while fostering adolescents' self-regulative abilities. MATERIALS & METHODS The intervention started in January 2022 in an Italian junior high school located in Rome, and consisted of four meetings with students. A total sample of 462 15-year-old adolescents (Mage = 15.2; SD = 0.50; 41% females; Ncontrol = 214; Nintervention = 248) was considered. Within the latent difference score framework, we examined short-term changes from the pre-to-the-postintervention levels of SNS and smartphone addiction, and self-regulatory self-efficacy (SRSE) beliefs as a possible booster of the intervention's effectiveness. RESULTS Results showed a significant decrease in both online addictions (SNS and smartphone addiction), controlling for age, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status, because of the short-term efficacy of the project. The buffering effect of SRSE beliefs was further supported. CONCLUSION These findings emphasized the usefulness of promoting youths' self-regulative beliefs to contrast problematic tendencies, according to a Positive Youth Development perspective which focused on resources rather than only on the prevention of negative outcomes for youths' adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Culcasi
- Clinic for Substance and Behavioral Addiction, Academic Foundation Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Cultures and Societies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Remondi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Caldaroni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Owen EC, Knight CJ, Hill DM. A realist evaluation of a multi-component program with disengaged students. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 103:102417. [PMID: 38430657 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Periods spent in the absence of education, employment, or training (NEET) are associated with adverse psychological wellbeing, social marginalisation, and premature mortality. Implementing effective programs to re-engage young people who are classified, or are at risk of becoming NEET, is of importance to these individuals, family, and society. We conducted a realist evaluation to understand how, and under which circumstances a multi-component program may impact the engagement, behavioural, and psychosocial outcomes of disengaged students at risk of becoming NEET. During the early project phase, a narrative review of the literature and key stakeholder discussions were conducted to develop our initial program theories regarding how the program was expected to achieve its outcomes. Participant observations, video footage, and forty-two interviews were then conducted with teachers and students to form context-mechanism-outcome configurations and to refine these theories. Overall, refined program theories relating to positions of authority, the power of collective experience, exploration of possible life directions, constructivist pedagogies and active learning, and the endorsement of an ethic of caring and strengths-based orientation were developed. Collectively, our findings provide a detailed understanding of the architecture of programs that may benefit disengaged students and help inform the design of future programs aimed at reducing disaffection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Owen
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Swansea University, UK; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Camilla J Knight
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Swansea University, UK; Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Agder, Norway
| | - Denise M Hill
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Swansea University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kirchhoff E, Keller R, Blanc B. Empowering young people-the impact of camp experiences on personal resources, well-being, and community building. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348050. [PMID: 38420173 PMCID: PMC10899333 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personal resources and resources of the sociocultural environment help children and adolescents to successfully cope with challenges in everyday life, which is associated with better individual well-being. SCOUT, the 'Study on Competence development in OUT-of-school settings', investigated whether participation in a summer camp enhanced adolescents' personal resources, well-being, and readiness to contribute to the community. Methods The research took place during the Swiss National Jamboree of the Swiss Guide and Scout Movement, a two-week event in the summer of 2022, with a paper-pencil pretest (beginning of the camp - T1) and posttest (end of the camp - T2) survey (N = 607, aged 14-17). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine whether personal resources, well-being, and readiness to contribute to the community changed over time, and structural equation models were applied to test the direct and indirect effects of caring support from group leaders on the development of these variables. Results In less than two weeks, camp participants demonstrated increased empathy, emotional self-control, optimism, and assertiveness. Furthermore, the adolescents reported more positive emotions, higher self-esteem, and stronger readiness to contribute to the community. Group leaders played a crucial role by influencing the positive development of well-being and readiness to contribute to the community both directly and indirectly through the promotion of personal resources. Discussion The findings indicate that young people benefit not only from participating in collaborative activities in a stimulating environment, but also from caring support provided by their group leaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Keller
- Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chidester AB, Johnson CJ, Lin H, Viera Corral R, Kools S, Ingersoll KS, Dillingham RA, Nijhawan AE, Taranova AG, Taylor BS. Nothing About Us Without Us: Involving Youth Living With HIV in a Virtual Advisory Board. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:1158-1161. [PMID: 37665305 PMCID: PMC11140764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We adapted a traditional community advisory board to the needs of youth living with HIV (YLWH), resulting in a virtual, asynchronous, and anonymous youth advisory board (YAB). The YAB's evolution fostered participation during the adaptation of an HIV care mobile health application. METHODS YAB members, comprised of YLWH in South Texas, engaged in the mobile application's formative evaluation, adaptation, and pilot implementation. We collected feedback via surveys and interviews, analyzed and integrated responses, tracked participation and YAB adaptations, and performed content analysis. RESULTS Driven by feedback, the YAB evolved from in-person group meetings to the current iteration. We administered five surveys, and YAB members provided feedback on communication preferences; mobile app elements; privacy and confidentiality; and virtual support groups. DISCUSSION Our adaptive process highlights three primary drivers of innovation: COVID-19 risk reduction, asynchrony, anonymity. Our success in maintaining YAB engagement suggests the adapted model could be employed to support youth input in other contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn B Chidester
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Catherine J Johnson
- Research and Information Management Department, University Hospital Systems in San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hueylie Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ruby Viera Corral
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susan Kools
- School of Nursing, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Karen S Ingersoll
- Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Health and Technology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anna G Taranova
- Department of Research and Healthcare Innovation, University Hospital Systems in San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Barbara S Taylor
- Professor of Infectious Diseases, Assistant Dean for the MD/MPH Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Lv T, Leavey G, Zhu N, Li X, Li Y, Chen Y. Does depression affect the association between prosocial behavior and anxiety? A cross-sectional study of students in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1274253. [PMID: 37886045 PMCID: PMC10598463 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies have suggested that adolescents' prosocial behavior can protect against depression and anxiety. It is known that anxiety and depression are often comorbid. However, it remains unclear if when depression is present, prosocial behavior remains protective against anxiety, and if when anxiety is present, prosocial behavior remains protective against depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of anxiety and depressive with prosocial behavior. Methods A large representative sample of middle-school students was recruited for a cross-sectional study and completed standardized instruments (the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Child version (SCARED-C), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the protective effect of prosocial behavior against anxiety when depression was present. Results A survey of 3,510 students was conducted, and the final analysis included 3,169 students, comprising 1,616 boys (51.0%) and 1,553 girls (49.0%), with a mean age of 13.09 years (SD = 1.31, range 11-16).The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression in early adolescents were 31.6 and 16.7%, respectively. More than two-thirds of depressed adolescents had comorbid anxiety, while more than one-third of anxious adolescents had comorbid depression. Regression models showed that compared with depressed adolescents, adolescents without depressive symptoms exhibited a significant negative correlation between prosocial behaviors and anxiety and depression (β = -0.01, p > 0.01, β = -0.06, p > 0.01; β = -0.11, p < 0.01, and β = -0.17, p < 0.01). There was no difference in the relationship between prosocial behavior and depression between anxious and non-anxious adolescents (p > 0.05). Conclusion Anxiety and depression are common in adolescence and are often comorbid disorders. However, the comorbidity is not symmetrical. Specifically, the protective effect of prosocial behavior against anxiety is weaker in depressed adolescents. Findings are discussed in light of related research and theory, and insights for intervention programs and future research are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lv
- People’s Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, China
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Na Zhu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meland EA, Brion-Meisels G. Integrity over fidelity: transformational lessons from youth participatory action research to nurture SEL with adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1059317. [PMID: 37546456 PMCID: PMC10403205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Much has been written about social and emotional learning (SEL) and its positive impact on young people's academic and life outcomes, yet most of this research is based in early childhood and elementary settings. SEL programming for adolescents has shown mixed results, with many programs proving to be largely ineffective or even showing slightly negative impacts for some youth. Adherence to scripted SEL curricula, or "fidelity" to the program components, is often seen by young people to be "lame", inauthentic, and condescending, failing to connect to the topics and issues that feel most critical to them in this stage of their development. For all students, and especially for those whose identities have been systematically marginalized or oppressed by the dominant culture, SEL programming that fails to explicitly address these experiences of injustice often feels inauthentic and out of touch for youth. Therefore, effective implementation of SEL for adolescents is likely to require skillful adaptation and responsiveness to the identities, interests, and motivations of students by educators. In this case, effective SEL may look less like fidelity to a specific set of scripts, sessions, or activities, but rather a commitment to the wholeness of a set of core principles, relationships, and opportunities for adolescent exploration and leadership/empowerment, or what we will call integrity of implementation. In this paper, we present one promising approach to adolescent social and emotional development - youth participatory action research (YPAR) - and the ways in which studying the YPAR process (in addition to the research topics selected by youth) can provide key insights into the social and emotional learning and development of youth.
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneiderman JU, Mennen FE, Palmer Molina AC, Cederbaum JA. Adults with a child maltreatment history: Narratives describing individual strengths that promote positive wellbeing. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106133. [PMID: 36921502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment often has negative impacts, but some individuals have strengths that lead to better outcomes. OBJECTIVE Describe the narratives of adults who experienced childhood maltreatment, all of whom had positive psychosocial wellbeing at average age 18 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A purposive sample of 21 adults (mean age 27.8 years SD = 1.0) who were part of a longitudinal study on the effects of childhood maltreatment. The sample was self-described as 85.7 % female, 14.3 % male, 42.9 % Black, 33.3 % Latinx, 19.0 % White, and 4.8 % multiracial. METHODS This descriptive qualitative study, which is part of a sequential mixed method study, used semi-structured interviews and a narrative analysis approach. Four coders completed: (1) initial reading of sample interviews (2) generating codes independently and discussion, (3) creating a codebook, (4) reviewing 10-11 transcripts each (5) reconvening to discuss/resolve differences in coding, (6) identifying themes. RESULTS There were four themes. The first theme was seeing oneself in a good light, highlighting self-worth and helper roles. The second theme, moving forward, included letting go of their past and a future orientation. Coping with life, the third theme, included boundaries for people around them, routines, and self-sufficiency. Meaning making, the fourth theme, included insights on the effect of their maltreatment and foster care, and reflections on appreciating life and adapting to changing circumstances. CONCLUSIONS Findings describe varied strengths that promote positive functioning after childhood maltreatment. Study themes highlight how these strengths allow adults to make meaning of their experiences and move forward successfully in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet U Schneiderman
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Ferol E Mennen
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | | | - Julie A Cederbaum
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th Street, MRF 214, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khiatani S, Liu D, Yeo BSS, Wong JCM. Reaching hidden youth in Singapore through the Hidden Youth Intervention Program: A biopsychosocial approach integrating mental health and social work interventions. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1133659. [PMID: 37009115 PMCID: PMC10061831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1133659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidden youth are youth who withdraw from society for at least 6 months, physically isolating within their homes or rooms. There has been a steady rise in this phenomenon across many developed countries, and this trend is expected to continue. As hidden youths often present with complex psychopathology and psychosocial issues, multi-factorial intervention approaches are recommended. To reach this isolated population and address gaps in services, a community mental health service and a youth social work team collaborated to develop the first specialized intervention for hidden youth in Singapore. This pilot intervention combines components from Hikikomori treatment models from Japan and Hong Kong, and a treatment program for isolated individuals diagnosed with Internet Gaming Disorder. This paper describes the development of the pilot intervention model- a four-stage biopsychosocial intervention targeting the complex needs of hidden youth and their families- and illustrates its implementation and challenges faced through a case study. Based on 2 years of service delivery to 25 youths, good practices such as utilizing novel outreach strategies and the importance of involving and caring for caregivers are also highlighted. Preliminary outcomes of this ongoing pilot intervention indicate reductions in social withdrawal behavior and increased engagement in school or work, especially for youth at the final stage of intervention. Strengths of the program include its multi-disciplinary and flexible nature, and the whole-family approach. Limitations of this program included a lack of information on Singaporean hidden youth and the lack of quantitative outcome data of this pilot program. In future, we aim to further enhance program elements through collaboration with international and local partners, and to develop an evaluative framework to determine program effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Khiatani
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Sonia Khiatani
| | - Denise Liu
- Strategic Planning and Research Department, Fei Yue Community Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John Chee Meng Wong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Proulx JDE, Van de Vondervoort JW, Hamlin JK, Helliwell JF, Aknin LB. Are Real-World Prosociality Programs Associated with Greater Psychological Well-Being in Primary School-Aged Children? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4403. [PMID: 36901411 PMCID: PMC10002419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quality education can build a sustainable, happier world, but what experiences support student well-being? Numerous laboratory studies suggest that prosocial behavior predicts greater psychological well-being. However, relatively little work has examined whether real-world prosociality programs are associated with greater well-being in primary school-aged children (aged 5-12). In Study 1, we surveyed 24/25 students who completed their 6th Grade curriculum in a long-term care home alongside residents called "Elders," which offered numerous opportunities for planned and spontaneous helping. We found that the meaning that students derived from their prosocial interactions with the Elders was strongly associated with greater psychological well-being. In Study 2, we conducted a pre-registered field experiment with 238 primary school-aged children randomly assigned to package essential items for children who experience homelessness and/or poverty who were either demographically similar or dissimilar in age and/or gender to them as part of a classroom outing. Children self-reported their happiness both pre- and post-intervention. While happiness increased from pre- to post-intervention, this change did not differ for children who helped a similar or dissimilar recipient. These studies offer real-world evidence consistent with the possibility that engaging in prosocial classroom activities-over an afternoon or year-is associated with greater psychological well-being in primary school-aged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. E. Proulx
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - J. Kiley Hamlin
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John F. Helliwell
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1L4, Canada
| | - Lara B. Aknin
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nouri KM, Krauss S, Ismail IA, Arshad MM, Zaremohzzabieh Z. Power distance: Moderating effect on positive youth development in Malaysian co-curricular programs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
|
11
|
Christensen KM, Kremer KP, Poon CYS, Rhodes JE. A
meta‐analysis
of the effects of
after‐school
programmes among youth with marginalized identities. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen P. Kremer
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Cyanea Y. S. Poon
- Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jean E. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cunningham KA, Gubner NR, Vick K, Herting JR, Walker SC. REDESIGNING JUVENILE PROBATION TO ALIGN WITH BEHAVIORAL HEALTH AND POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLEs: A Quasi-Experimental study. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:6-21. [PMID: 37868766 PMCID: PMC10586469 DOI: 10.1177/00938548221082997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Science advisory boards and policy organizations have called for adolescent brain science to be incorporated into juvenile probation operations. To achieve this, Opportunity-Based Probation (OBP), a probation model that integrates knowledge of adolescent development and behavior change principles, was developed in collaboration with a local juvenile probation department. The current study compares outcomes (recidivism and probation violations) for youth in the OBP condition versus probation as usual. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) and coarsened exact matching (CEM) were used to estimate causal effects of OBP's average treatment effect (ATE). Results indicated clear effects of OBP on reducing criminal legal referrals, but no significant effects were observed for probation violations. Overall, results provide promising recidivism-reduction effects in support of developmentally grounded redesigns of juvenile probation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Frerichs L, Smith C, Hoover S, Robinson-Ezekwe N, Khanna A, Ellerby B, Joyner L, Wynn M, Wrenn J, Stith D, Lindau S, Corbie G. Comparative Evaluation of 2 Work Experience Approaches for Predominantly Black Youth in a Rural Community: Implications for Public Health Workforce Development. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2023; 29:21-32. [PMID: 36448755 PMCID: PMC9718253 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In order to create a more diverse workforce, there is a need to involve historically excluded youth in public health-related work. Youth involvement in asset-based work experience approaches is especially relevant for rural areas with workforce shortages. OBJECTIVE To explore the public health workforce development implications of community-based career exploration and asset mapping work experience from the perspective of Black youth. DESIGN We used qualitative in-depth interviews with youth, aged 14 to 22 years, who participated in a work experience program anchored in several rural counties in southeastern United States. A phenomenological lens was applied for qualitative analyses with iterative, team-based data coding. Participants were also surveyed pre- and postprogram to supplement findings. PROGRAM A rural community-based organization's work experience program consisted of 2 tracks: (1) Youth Connect-a career exploration track that included work placement within community agencies; and (2) MAPSCorps-a track that employs youth to conduct asset mapping for their community. RESULTS We interviewed 28 of 31 total participants in the 2 tracks. We uncovered 4 emergent profiles in how youth described shifts in their perceptions of community: (1) Skill Developers; (2) Community Questioners; (3) Community Observers; and (4) Community Enthusiasts. In comparing between tracks, youth who participated in work experience that involved asset mapping uniquely described increased observation and expanded view of community resources and had greater increases in research self-efficacy than youth who participated only in career exploration. CONCLUSION Asset mapping work experience that is directly placed in rural communities can expose Black youth to and engage them in essential public health services (assessing and mobilizing community assets) that impact their community. This type of program, directly integrated into rural communities rather than placed near academic centers, could play a role in creating a more diverse public health workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Frerichs
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cambray Smith
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephanie Hoover
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicole Robinson-Ezekwe
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anisha Khanna
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian Ellerby
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | - Linda Joyner
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | | | - Jonina Wrenn
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Doris Stith
- Community Enrichment Organization, Tarboro, NC
| | - Stacy Lindau
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cirimele F, Gomez Plata M, Zuffianò A, Gerbino M, Uribe Tirado LM, Tamayo Giraldo G, Paba Barbosa C, Marin Londoño B, Narváez Marín M, Ruiz García M, Thartori E, Luengo Kanacri BP, Pastorelli C. Promoting prosocial behaviour among Colombian adolescents: the evaluation of a universal school-based program using a multi-informant perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maryluz Gomez Plata
- Grupo de investigación Cognición y Educación, Programa de Psicología, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Antonio Zuffianò
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmelina Paba Barbosa
- Grupo de investigación Cognición y Educación, Programa de Psicología, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Eriona Thartori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Timpe Z, Suarez NA, Phillips E, Kaczkowski W, Cooper AC, Dittus PJ, Robin L, Barrios LC, Ethier KA. Dosage in Implementation of an Effective School-Based Health Program Impacts Youth Health Risk Behaviors and Experiences. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:334-343. [PMID: 35660127 PMCID: PMC9947940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is part of a larger evaluation of a multilevel, multistrategy federal program to reduce high school students' risk for HIV/sexually transmitted infection and unintended pregnancy. Local education agencies supported schools in implementing three strategies: delivering exemplary sexual health education, increasing student access to quality sexual health services, and enhancing safe and supportive school environments (SSE). We examined how levels of school implementation of these strategies moderated program effects on targeted student outcomes. METHODS The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was implemented in participating local education agencies in 2015 and 2017 to assess student behaviors and experiences, whereas the School Health Profiles surveys assessed school policies and practices in 2014 and 2016. We used these surveys to measure student-level outcomes and school-level program delivery, respectively, which were analyzed using multilevel modeling in a difference-in-differences framework. RESULTS Levels of SSE implementation significantly moderated program effects on multiple student outcomes, including ever having sex, having four or more lifetime sexual partners, being sexually active, using hormonal birth control, dual use of a condom and hormonal birth control, ever being forced to have sex, missing school because of safety concerns, and lifetime and current marijuana use. However, we found few moderating effects of exemplary sexual health education and sexual health services dosage. DISCUSSION We found a significant relationship between incremental increases in implementation of activities to increase the safety and supportiveness of school environments and enhanced program effects in improving multiple student health outcomes. These findings suggest that school implementation of SSE activities contributed to intended program effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | | | - Nicolas A Suarez
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Wojciech Kaczkowski
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adina C Cooper
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia J Dittus
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leah Robin
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa C Barrios
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen A Ethier
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai W, Li X, Shek DTL. The Effectiveness of a Leadership Subject Using a Hybrid Teaching Mode during the Pandemic: Objective Outcome and Subjective Outcome Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9809. [PMID: 36011436 PMCID: PMC9408400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Positive youth development (PYD) is an innovative approach to protect students from mental health problems and promote their positive and holistic development. Although there are many studies on the beneficial effects of PYD programs on youth in high school and community contexts, it is not clear whether subjects adopting PYD principles can promote positive development for university students. Moreover, it is unclear whether such subjects are effective under COVID-19, where subjects are commonly taught via the "hybrid" mode (i.e., face-to-face plus online teaching). The present study examined students' changes in the PYD, wellbeing, and desired graduate attributes after they had taken a leadership subject utilizing PYD principles taught by the "hybrid" mode (N = 630). Adopting the one-group pre-test and post-test design (i.e., objective outcome evaluation), we found that students showed significant positive improvement in PYD indicators, wellbeing, as well as desired graduate attributes. Additionally, students had high satisfaction with the course design and teaching staff, and perceived many benefits from this subject based on the subjective outcome evaluation conducted at the end of the subject. Results also showed that students' satisfaction with the curriculum significantly and positively predicted their positive change in PYD indicators, indicating the convergence of subjective outcome evaluation and objective outcome evaluation. The results highlight the positive impacts of the hybrid mode leadership subject with PYD principles in higher education.
Collapse
|
17
|
Waters AM, Sluis RA, Usher W, Farrell LJ, Donovan CL, Modecki KL, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Castle M, Hinchey J. Kick-starting youth wellbeing and access to mental health care: Efficacy of an integrated model of care within a junior sports development program. Behav Res Ther 2022; 157:104166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Nouri KM, Krauss SE, Ahrari S, Ismail IA, Arshad MM. Pathways to Positive Youth Development in Malaysian Undergraduate Co-curricular Programs: A Moderated Mediation Model of Youth Voice and Psychological Hardiness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:886911. [PMID: 35910954 PMCID: PMC9330615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth voice is gaining more attention globally as a core feature of program quality within positive youth development programs. Few studies have examined the relationship between youth voice and positive youth development in high power-distance cultures, however, where young people often face psychological barriers to exercising decision-making in their work with program adults. Research is needed on the psychological mechanisms that might help youth thrive within settings that are less structurally and psychologically supportive of youth voice. Drawing on bioecological systems and hardiness theories, this quantitative correlational study evaluates the moderating effect of psychological hardiness on the relationship between youth voice, the mediators of program safety and engagement, and the 6 C’s of positive youth development. A moderated mediation model was tested among 436 first-year undergraduate co-curricular program participants from public universities in Malaysia (M = 21.192 years, SD = 1.191 years; 65.6% female). Youth voice positively predicted positive youth development; the relationship was partially mediated by program engagement, but not safety. The mediated pathway through program engagement was more predictive for hardier youth. By combining programmatic and individual psychological factors into the hypothesized model, this research identifies the potential importance of hardiness on the practice of youth voice for young adults in high power distance cultures. The findings highlight the need to identify other individual and programmatic factors that may contribute to the development of positive youth development in diverse cultural settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven E. Krauss
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Steven E. Krauss,
| | - Seyedali Ahrari
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ismi Arif Ismail
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mursyid Arshad
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de la Fuente J, Urien B, Luis EO, González-Torres MC, Artuch-Garde R, Balaguer A. The Proactive-Reactive Resilience as a Mediational Variable Between the Character Strength and the Flourishing in Undergraduate Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:856558. [PMID: 35664176 PMCID: PMC9159511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to delimit the predictive and mediational model of resilience between character strengths to predict flourishing, in a sample of undergraduate students. After signing their informed consent, 642 university students completed three validated scales (i.e., character strengths, resilience, and flourishing). Using an ex post facto design, regression, structural modeling, and mediation analyses were carried out, in order to construct a multi-causal predictive model. Results indicated a consistent predictive direct effect of character strengths on resilience and flourishing and of resilience on flourishing. As hypothesized, resilience also showed a mediating effect on the relationship between character strengths and flourishing. Additionally, results also revealed that the reactive and proactive factors of resilience were explained by different character strengths (e.g., emotional strength/cognitive, interpersonal strengths), reinforcing the idea that the two directions are complementary and necessary. Finally, several implications were established for the practice of positive psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús de la Fuente
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Begoña Urien
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elkin O. Luis
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Artuch-Garde
- School of Health and Psychology, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Balaguer
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harrison L, Sharma N, Irfan O, Zaman M, Vaivada T, Bhutta ZA. Mental Health and Positive Development Prevention Interventions: Overview of Systematic Reviews. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186940. [PMID: 35503329 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous reviews of mental health interventions have focused on adolescents (10-19 years), with a paucity of comprehensive evidence syntheses on preventive interventions for school-aged children (5-10 years). OBJECTIVE To summarize and synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews of mental health and positive development interventions for children aged 5-14.9 years in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a focus on preventive and promotive strategies. DATA SOURCES This overview includes all relevant reviews from OVID Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Campbell Systematic Reviews through December 2020. STUDY SELECTION We included systematic reviews that synthesized empirical studies using experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in children aged 5-14.9 years. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently and in duplicate by two review authors. The AMSTAR2 tool was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS We included 162 reviews. The greatest evidence was found in support of school-based universal and anti-bullying interventions in predominantly HIC. Moderate evidence was found for the use of substance abuse prevention, and early learning and positive development interventions in mixed settings. In LMIC-only contexts, the most promising evidence was found for positive youth development programs. LIMITATIONS The review was primarily limited by paucity of high-quality research due to methodological issues and high heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This overview of reviews highlights the need for further research to consolidate findings and understand the specific criteria involved in creating positive mental health and development outcomes from the various interventions considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Harrison
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naeha Sharma
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Irfan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Zaman
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Vaivada
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilkins NJ, Rasberry C, Liddon N, Szucs LE, Johns M, Leonard S, Goss SJ, Oglesby H. Addressing HIV/Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy Prevention Through Schools: An Approach for Strengthening Education, Health Services, and School Environments That Promote Adolescent Sexual Health and Well-Being. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:540-549. [PMID: 35305791 PMCID: PMC9260911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' health behaviors and experiences contribute to many outcomes, including risks for HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy. Public health interventions and approaches addressing risk behaviors or experiences in adolescence have the potential for wide-reaching impacts on sexual health and other related outcomes across the lifespan, and schools are a critical venue for such interventions. This paper describes a school-based program model developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Adolescent and School Health for preventing HIV/sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, and related health risk behaviors and experiences among middle and high school students. This includes a summary of the theoretical and evidence base that inform the model, and a description of the model's activities, organized into three key strategies (sexual health education, sexual health services, and safe and supportive environments) and across three cross-cutting domains (strengthening staff capacity, increasing student access to programs and services, and engaging parent and community partners). The paper also outlines implications for adolescent health professionals and organizations working across schools, clinics, and communities, to address and promote adolescent sexual health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Wilkins
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329,b Corresponding author: , 770-488-1392
| | - Catherine Rasberry
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Nicole Liddon
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Leigh E. Szucs
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Michelle Johns
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Sandra Leonard
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Sally J. Goss
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Heather Oglesby
- Division of Adolescent and School Health National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, MS US8-1 Atlanta, GA 30329
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sheehan K, Bhatti PK, Yousuf S, Rosenow W, Roehler DR, Hazekamp C, Wu HW, Orbuch R, Bartell T, Quinlan K, DiCara J. Long-term effects of a community-based positive youth development program for Black youth: health, education, and financial well-being in adulthood. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:593. [PMID: 35346129 PMCID: PMC8962150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Childhood poverty is known to be associated with poor health. For youth living in extreme poverty, community-based programs focused on youth development are one strategy to improve health and well-being outcomes. However, very few evaluations of the long-term effectiveness of youth development programs have been conducted.
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of a positive youth development program (PYD), serving a segregated housing project with a history of community violence, to improve the health, education, and financial well-being of its alumni.
Methods
A quasi-experimental causal comparative study design was used to study the effectiveness of the Cabrini-Green Youth Program (CGYP). CGYP alumni (mean: 16.8 +/- 7.4 years after program participation) were surveyed. For comparison, participants from the same housing project who were eligible to participate in the CGYP but did not, were identified.
Results
In total, 246/417 (59%) eligible alumni were located. 221 alumni were available to be interviewed; 191/221 (86%) completed the interview survey along with 143 in the comparison group. Both groups self-identified as being Black, African American, and of Other race. Alumni were younger (34.6 vs. 38.1 years, p < .001), less likely to be female (62% vs. 74%, p =.03), and more likely to have been abused as a child (26% vs. 11%, p = .001). The majority in both groups reported to be in good to excellent health (83% of alumni vs. 74% of comparison group). After adjusting for comparison group differences, alumni were more likely to have completed college, 24% vs. 12% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.47, 95% CI, 1.25–4.86), and to end up with some money at the end of the month, 35% vs. 19% (aOR 2.16, 95% CI, 1.17, 3.97).
Conclusions
Participation in a PYD program starting at a young age may be associated with reduced poverty in adulthood, possibly aided by higher educational attainment and resultant increased income. PYD may be an effective strategy to supplement evidenced-based poverty reducing policies. This study of a voluntary, community-based PYD program is unique in its up to 33-year follow-up and an outcome assessment that measures more than knowledge change.
Collapse
|
23
|
Domitrovich CE, Harris AR, Syvertsen AK, Morgan N, Jacobson L, Cleveland M, Moore JE, Greenberg MT. Promoting Social and Emotional Learning in Middle School: Intervention Effects of Facing History and Ourselves. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1426-1441. [PMID: 35316458 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are fewer evidence-based social and emotional learning programs for middle school students compared to younger grades. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness of Facing History and Ourselves (hereafter, Facing History) with a sample of 694 (Facing History n = 437; Comparison n = 257) students from a low-resourced school district. Youth self-identified as female (59%), Black/African American (61%), Hispanic/Latinx (18%), White (2%), and multi-racial or some other race/ethnicity (19%). Intervention students perceived their classrooms as more caring and democratic than students in the comparison group. They reported higher levels of empathy, prosocial behavior, and stronger participatory citizenship beliefs. This study expands the evidence-based of effective SEL programs available to schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celene E Domitrovich
- Georgetown University, 3303 Whitehaven Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, State College, PA, 16803, USA.
| | - Alexis R Harris
- University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Amy K Syvertsen
- Search Institute, 3001 Broadway Street NE, Suite 310, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - Nicole Morgan
- Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, State College, PA, 16803, USA
| | - Linda Jacobson
- Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, State College, PA, 16803, USA
| | - Michael Cleveland
- Washington State University, Johnson Tower 516, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Julia E Moore
- The Center for Implementation, 5199 County Road 45, Baltimore, ON, K0K1CO, USA
| | - Mark T Greenberg
- Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, State College, PA, 16803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zulkefli AU, Abdullah MRTL, Endut MNAA. Co-creation on Redefining Consumer Well-Being Needs Among Youth Through Self-Potential Development Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814757. [PMID: 35360555 PMCID: PMC8961417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A co-creation values consumers' input as its primary crust in informing businesses on current consumer needs. More importantly, it would be the next shape in future demands of consumers in business sustainability. This paper addressed this context, narrowing its scope in investigating the voices of stakeholders on what would be the essential aspects of the present and future youth qualities in achieving sustainable well-being in the present trend. The findings would be essentially helpful for the youth and the business world to understand the aspects of good youth development, which would shape the next fabric of consumerism. Self-potential development of the youth is vital in achieving excellent life quality and the youth's well-being in Malaysia. However, the increase in challenges faced by today's youth is inconsistent with a decline of the group's well-being. There are various studies and interventions implemented to overcome the youth situation. However, there is still in need for a model that can guide the holistic development of youth self-potential. The purpose of this study is to build a sustainable and comprehensive model of the self-potential development of the youth, which can be integrated with all of the self-potential indicators of the youth via a co-creation process. This study used the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) on the proposed elements in the development model and systematically analyzed them using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to create the development model. The method capitalized 10 stakeholders from various youth development backgrounds in developing the model. The model consists of 25 sub-indicators (SIs, elements) that are divided into five indicators. The model findings show that one of the most driving indicators is an entrepreneurial mindset among youth, followed by the other indicators of youth self-potential development. The model also shows that the civic-mindedness indicator is the output of youth self-potential that will surface at an end of the development. The model will guide the authorized body on the priority elements that can systematically and strategically improve youth self-potential to meet future challenges with youth aspirations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohd Nuri Al-Amin Endut
- Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salavera C, Usán P, Quilez-Robres A. Exploring the Effect of Parental Styles on Social Skills: The Mediating Role of Affects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063295. [PMID: 35328983 PMCID: PMC8953939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parental educational styles have a significant effect in personal development. These styles (authoritative, democratic, permissive and neglectful) can be related to affects and social skills at the individual level. The study presented here, which comprised 456 participants (151 men; 33.11%), with an average age of 22.01 years (s.d. = 2.80), aimed to analyse the relationship between parental styles, affects and social skills, as well as the role played by affects in the relationship between parental style and social skills. The results suggest that the constructs under study are closely related. The most common parental style is democratic. By gender, permissive styles were more often applied to women and authoritative styles to men. No significant gender differences were found in the application of democratic and neglectful parental styles. In terms of emotional support, women were found to have higher negative affect scores and men higher emotional support scores. People with parents that use democratic and permissive styles scored higher in all variables related to affects and social skills, which challenges the notion that democratic styles are the best parental styles in terms of socialisation of children. The results of the affect and social skills scales were analysed in relation to parenting styles, indicating that children educated under a democratic parental regime tend to yield higher scores in terms of social skills than children educated under any other form of parental regime and medium scores in terms of affects. Finally, it was found that parenting styles have a direct influence on social skills, which tend to improve when affects play a mediating role between these two constructs. These results suggest that parenting styles are closely related to affects and social skills. In addition, they also suggest that affects play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and social skills. Finally, owing to the impact that parenting styles have on affects and social skills, more research is needed to address this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Usán
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (P.U.); (A.Q.-R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Robin L, Timpe Z, Suarez NA, Li J, Barrios L, Ethier KA. Local Education Agency Impact on School Environments to Reduce Health Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among High School Students. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:313-321. [PMID: 34531096 PMCID: PMC8792165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to assess associations between exposure to a multilevel, socio-ecological health program administered by local education agencies and changes in health behaviors among high school students. METHODS This analysis used a multilevel difference-in-differences approach to compare student health experiences and outcomes between schools selected by local education agencies nationwide to implement the program (exposed schools) and schools that were not (unexposed schools). We measured repeated cross-sectional outcomes using the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behaviors Surveys. The final analytic sample comprised 638 schools in total (N = 64,838 students), with 237 exposed schools (n = 30,336 students) and 401 unexposed schools (n = 34,502 students). RESULTS Students in exposed schools demonstrated significant reduction in odds compared with those in unexposed schools in ever having sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .81-.96), having four or more lifetime sexual partners (aOR = .84, 95% CI: .72-.97), being currently sexually active (aOR = .78, 95% CI: .78-.96), and using effective hormonal birth control (aOR = .7, 95% CI: .56-.88). Exposure to the program was associated with significant reduction in odds of not going to school because of safety concerns (aOR = .87, 95% CI: .78-.97), having experienced forced sex (aOR = .76, 95% CI: .68-.86), ever used marijuana (aOR = .89, 95% CI: .81-.98), and currently using marijuana (aOR = .77, 95% CI: .64-.93). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to the program was associated with significant decreases in sexual risk behaviors, experience of violence, and substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Robin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Zachary Timpe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicolas A Suarez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa Barrios
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen A Ethier
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu X, Shek DTL, Chu CKM. Internet Addiction and Emotional and Behavioral Maladjustment in Mainland Chinese Adolescents: Cross-Lagged Panel Analyses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:781036. [PMID: 34803859 PMCID: PMC8599156 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental stage when adolescents are vulnerable to addictive behaviors, such as Internet addiction (IA), which refers to pathological use of the Internet. Although there are views proposing that the links between IA and adolescent problem behavior may be bidirectional in nature, few studies have examined the reciprocal relationships between IA and other maladjustment indicators, and even fewer studies have simultaneously employed both emotional and behavioral maladjustment indicators in a single study. To address the above research gaps, the present study investigated how IA is associated with both depression and delinquency among Chinese adolescents. Two waves of data were collected at two consecutive years, respectively, with 1year apart, from 3,010 students (Mean age=13.16, SD=0.81; 57.48% boys) in four junior high schools in mainland China. These students completed the same questionnaire containing measures of IA, depression, and delinquency at each wave. The proposed cross-lagged panel model fitted the data very well, and there were significant positive reciprocal effects between IA and depression as well as delinquency after controlling for background socio-demographic factors. Gender differences were also observed in multi-group comparisons. Specifically, IA showed a stronger longitudinal impact on delinquency among boys than among girls. While depression significantly predicted IA in 1year among boys, such a prediction was not significant among girls. These findings delineate the bidirectionality of the associations between IA and emotional and behavioral maladjustment indexed by depression and delinquency, respectively. The findings also suggest that researchers and practitioners have to take gender differences as well as different developmental indicators in understanding the bidirectional influences between IA and adolescent behavioral and emotional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carman K M Chu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pereira T, Freire T. Positive Youth Development in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:786119. [PMID: 34887822 PMCID: PMC8649636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change has been acknowledged as one of the most significant current threats for younger generations. However, few studies have focused on climate change impacts on youth and how they can be supported. The purpose of this systematic review is to emphasize that a developmental perspective is fundamental within the interdisciplinary studies concerning climate change. Specifically, we focus our research on how the Positive Youth Development framework may inform future approaches to promote adolescents' and young adults' well-being and engagement in the context of climate change. A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search comprised two databases, and a total of 13 articles were finally considered eligible for review. Data were analyzed using a narrative method. The results show that the Positive Youth Development theory is not yet directly embedded in existing studies concerning adolescents and young adults in the context of climate change, but some of its principles were identified. Examples are provided of how Positive Youth Development characteristics and constructs can enhance future research, practice, and policies. We highlight this framework as an innovative and promising approach in the context of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Freire
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Benoit V, Gabola P. Effects of Positive Psychology Interventions on the Well-Being of Young Children: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12065. [PMID: 34831827 PMCID: PMC8623229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions for the development of the well-being of children and adolescents and the moderation of high levels of anxiety and depression in this population has been largely demonstrated. Emphasis has been placed on the promotion of well-being and prevention of mental health problems in the school context in order to foster, through positive psychology, the cognitive and socio-emotional development of primary and secondary students, e.g., by strengthening positive relationships, positive emotions, character strengths, optimism, and hope. However, little is known about the impact of these interventions on young children. This systematic review aims at examining the effects of positive psychology interventions on the well-being of early childhood children (<6 years old), both in the preschool education context with educators or teachers and also in the family context with parents. Several electronic databases were searched, and the findings systematically reviewed and reported by the PRISMA guidelines. Very few studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 3), highlighting the need for further research in this area. Indeed, all of the selected studies demonstrated the importance of positive psychology interventions with young children to promote positive aspects of development, such as gratitude, positive emotions, life satisfaction, accomplishment, positive relationship, or self-esteem. Limitations in the field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Benoit
- Department of Special Education, University of Teacher Education, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piera Gabola
- Department of Development from Childhood to Adulthood, University of Teacher Education, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Program Quality and Developmental Outcomes Related to Youth Volleyball in Ethiopia: Assessing Relationships and Variations. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:1388-1405. [PMID: 34842639 PMCID: PMC8628672 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess program quality and developmental outcomes of a youth volleyball project in one of the regional states in Ethiopia, and further examine variations between groups across gender and project site zones. We applied a cross-sectional survey design, collecting quantitative data from youth volleyball players (n = 215) with a mean age of 16.18 years (SD = 0.69) through a self-reported questionnaire. The results indicated that young players’ perceptions did not vary significantly across gender, except for the mean score of the perceived experience variable for girls (M = 2.68, SD = 0.318) was significantly higher than the mean score of boys (M = 2.58, SD = 0.258). One-way (project site zone) analyses of variance (ANOVAs) identified that youth volleyball projects in the central zone were consistently rated higher than those in the western zone, except for the current practice rating. Moreover, correlation analysis results indicated the presence of a significant relationship, both within and between program quality and developmental outcome variables. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis indicated that the program quality variables together predicted each of the developmental outcomes, accounting for 18.9% to 31.7% of the variances. It is concluded that the quality of the youth volleyball program in Ethiopia varies considerably across the project site zones and the program quality variables significantly relate to the developmental outcomes measured with differential effects. The data from this study reveals several practical applications for Ethiopia and beyond in terms of guiding youth volleyball projects. Moreover, the findings of the study showed that youth sport and the manner in which it is structured and delivered to youth players influences the attainment of positive developmental outcomes. These results suggest that contextual differences really do have an effect on the quality of youth sport program processes and developmental outcomes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Seitz S, Khatib N, Guessous O, Kuperminc G. Academic outcomes in a national afterschool program: The role of program experiences and youth sustained engagement. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1993855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Thomas NM, Hofer J, Kranz D. Effects of an intergenerational program on adolescent self-concept clarity: A pilot study. J Pers 2021; 90:476-489. [PMID: 34601725 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study examined the effects of a newly developed intergenerational program on self-concept clarity (SCC) of adolescent participants. METHOD In 12 encounter groups, 58 secondary school students and 50 nursing home residents shared their life stories and discussed existential questions about life (e.g., important values in life, how to deal with failure and regret). The life story encounter program (LSEP) is based on the dyadic Life Story Interview and was expanded into a group format consisting of ten 90-min sessions. SCC was measured with the SCC Scale before, shortly after, and three months after the end of the LSEP. RESULTS Analyses suggest that adolescent LSEP participants' SCC improved compared to a control group (no LSEP participation). Findings also indicate that increases in SCC were associated with LSEP participants' extraversion and agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS The LSEP is a promising program for fostering SCC in adolescence. Implications for the application of the LSEP are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Hofer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Dirk Kranz
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chan HHK, Kwong HYC, Shu GLF, Ting CY, Lai FHY. Effects of Experiential Learning Programmes on Adolescent Prosocial Behaviour, Empathy, and Subjective Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:709699. [PMID: 34421761 PMCID: PMC8371439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Effective adolescent learning programmes can positively influence adolescent development and curb risky behaviour. By immersing learners in an experience, experiential learning motivates learners to reflect on the experience to transform and create new skills, attitudes and ways of thinking. However, evidence of its effectiveness in learning programs facilitating positive youth development is still lacking. The objective of this study is to (a) identify the effect of adolescent learning programmes on prosocial behaviour, empathy and subjective well-being, (b) compare the effectiveness of experiential learning programmes and non-experiential learning programmes on improving these three outcomes, and (c) evaluating the effects of age on the outcomes of adolescent learning programmes. Methods: This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomised controlled trials of learning programmes for typically developing adolescents aged 8-25 in the past 15 years were identified, and assessed for quality with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDRO) scale. One thousand ninety-six records were screened with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 20 studies were adopted for this meta-analysis. The standardised mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the effect of experiential learning program on empathy, prosocial behaviour, and subjective well-being were examined. Sub-group analysis based on age was conducted to examine the effects of experiential learning on adolescents in different stages of life. Results: Experiential learning programmes were more effective than non-experiential learning programmes in improving empathy [d = 0.65 (0.07, 1.23)] and subjective well-being [d = 0.46 (0.33, 0.59)]. The effect sizes of the three outcomes in non-experiential learning programmes were non-significant. Studies conducted on older adolescents had the most significant improvements in the three outcomes. Conclusions: Results suggest the broader application of experiential learning in adolescent learning programmes for older adolescents in the future to promote positive youth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank Ho-Yin Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abdul Kadir NB, Mohd RH. The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development, Purpose in Life, Hope, and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641876. [PMID: 34335359 PMCID: PMC8319496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports Lerner and colleagues' 5Cs model of positive youth development (PYD) in the United States (U.S.). Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the 5Cs can be used to identify positive development in the under-researched Asian contexts, such as Malaysia. Thus, this study examined the 5Cs of PYD (competence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) and their importance to purpose in life, hope, and well-being in a sample of emerging adult undergraduate university students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 participants from 15 Malaysian universities (132 males, 268 females; ages ranged from 18 to 26 years old, M = 22). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the 5Cs of PYD (confidence and connection) as well as hope were important to explaining variation in well-being. The findings imply that there are strong links between PYD, especially confidence and connection, and well-being, while purpose in life and hope were indirectly related to the 2Cs (confidence and connection) of PYD and well-being. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to review and redefine their treatment design to include confidence, connection, purpose in life and hope when working with Malaysian emerging adult university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir
- Psychology Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Rusyda Helma Mohd
- Human Development Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Eninger L, Ferrer-Wreder L, Eichas K, Olsson TM, Hau HG, Allodi MW, Smedler AC, Sedem M, Gull IC, Herkner B. A Cluster Randomized Trial of Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS ®) With Swedish Preschool Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:695288. [PMID: 34326800 PMCID: PMC8313762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The preschool edition of Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies (PATHS®) is a school-based, teacher implemented universal intervention developed in the United States designed to promote social emotional competence (SEC) in children as a foundation for improved mental health. PATHS is delivered as a curriculum and it is based on theories and research regarding SEC, brain development, and optimal school environments. A majority of children in Sweden attend preschool, which is government-subsidized and follows a national curriculum focusing on both academic and social emotional learning. However, there is not so much focus on formal instruction nor manual-based lessons. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term (pre- to post-test) effects of PATHS in the Swedish preschool setting. Using a two-wave cluster randomized trial with multi-method and informant assessment (N = 285 4 and 5-year-old Swedish children; n = 145 wait-list control; n = 140 intervention; K = 26 preschools; k = 13 intervention; k = 13 control) we assessed changes in child emotional knowledge, emotional awareness, social problem solving, prosocial play, inhibitory control, and working memory using structural equation modeling (SEM). We included schools with at least one classroom of 4–5-year-old children from three municipalities. We excluded open preschools, parent cooperative preschools, and family day homes. After random assignment, schools were informed of condition assignment. Research team members were not blind to assignment. We hypothesized that relative to children in control schools, children in intervention schools would evidence improvements in social emotional competence as well as other outcomes. Children in PATHS, relative to children in the control, evidenced improvements in working memory and prosocial play, but also showed an increase in hyperactive behaviors. Girls in PATHS, relative to girls in the control, showed improvement in emotional knowledge and reduced anxiety. These results are considered in light of efforts to promote positive development and mental health. The trial registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov is NCT04512157. Main funding was from Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, the Swedish Research Council, Formas, and VINNOVA (dnr: 259-2012-71).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne Eninger
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kyle Eichas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, United States
| | - Tina M Olsson
- Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Ginner Hau
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mina Sedem
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Birgitta Herkner
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Quinton ML, Clarke FJ, Parry BJ, Cumming J. An evaluation of My Strengths Training for Life™ for improving resilience and well-being of young people experiencing homelessness. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1296-1314. [PMID: 33484590 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This community-based study investigated whether (1) a novel sport psychology informed positive youth development program, My Strengths Training for Life™, improved resilience and well-being and (2) young people differed in outcomes according to demographics (gender, ethnicity, social inclusion, and learning difficulty). A total of 246 young people (M age = 19.74, SD = 2.31) living in a large housing service completed questionnaires on demographics, mental skills, and pre and postprogram resilience and well-being. Baseline differences in resilience and well-being existed for ethnicity and learning difficulty status but did not influence MST4Life™ outcomes. There was a significant improvement in resilience and well-being over time, which was associated with mental skills development. Implications apply for policy, program commissioners, and research: (1) novel sport psychology interventions can improve the well-being of disadvantaged youth, and (2) demographics at baseline should be considered in intervention planning and evaluation with this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Quinton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona J Clarke
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin J Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Cumming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Friedrich E, Robles R, Silva K, Fisher Thiel M, Ford CA, Miller VA. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Novel Primary Care-Based Intervention to Promote Parent-Teen Communication About Teen Strengths. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:163-181. [PMID: 33709224 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Strength-based approaches to youth development have been tested in community settings and are related to improvements in social, health, and academic realms. However, little is known about similar approaches to enhance parent-teen communication (PTC) in pediatric primary care. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention to facilitate parent-teen communication about teen strengths. Intervention materials were developed based on a literature review, expert consultation, and feedback from stakeholders. The final intervention was a parent-directed booklet and a parent-teen discussion activity. At the well-adolescent visit (WAV), dyads received an orientation to the materials and were instructed to complete the discussion activity within 2 weeks of the WAV. Health Care Providers verbally endorsed the materials and instructed parents to read the booklet and complete the discussion activity with their teens. Acceptability was assessed at 2-week and 2-month follow-ups. Parent-adolescent dyads from an urban, pediatric primary care practice were enrolled with half assigned to the treatment group. Those in the treatment group (60 dyads) are the focus of this paper. Youth were 13-15 years old, 55% female, and 66% Black. Most participating parents (97%) were female. Fidelity was ≥ 88% for delivery of each of the intervention components. Fifty-four of the 60 parents in the intervention group completed the 2-week call. Of those 54 parents, 96% read the booklet and 62% found the booklet either extremely or very helpful. The majority of parents (67%) and teens (72%) reported that the discussion activity was excellent or very good. Analysis of qualitative data also provided rich insight into the participants' experiences with the intervention materials. Overall results suggest that an intervention to promote PTC about teen strengths is feasible and acceptable to parents and teens within primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Friedrich
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Parent and Teen Communication, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Reyneris Robles
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Parent and Teen Communication, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Karol Silva
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan Fisher Thiel
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carol A Ford
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Parent and Teen Communication, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Buerger Building, Room 12-219, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Center for Parent and Teen Communication, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nascimento Junior JRAD, Freire GLM, Quinaud RT, Oliveira DVD, Cronin LD. Life Skills Development Through Sport in Brazil: A Study Based on Self-Determination Theory. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1017-1036. [PMID: 33706593 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether a large sample of youth participants' life skills development through sport was impacted by demographic variables and/or variables based on self-determination theory. Participants were 461 Brazilian youth sport (325 boys; 136 girls) aged 10-17 years (Mage = 15.12, SD = 1.44). Participants completed a self-report research survey to assess demographic variables, coach autonomy support, basic need satisfaction, and sport motivation. We analyzed data using cluster analysis, a chi-square test and multivariate analysis of variance. We found that sport participants in the high life skills development cluster were older (p = .007) and had more years of sport experience (p = .032). Compared to the low life skills development cluster, sports participants in the high life skills development cluster displayed higher scores for coach's autonomy support (p = .001), autonomy satisfaction (p = .002), competence satisfaction (p = .001), relatedness satisfaction (p = .001), and identified regulation (p = .023). In practice, these findings indicate that coaches should seek to satisfy participants' three basic psychological needs and encourage an identified regulation form of motivation when trying to promote participants' life skills development through sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo T Quinaud
- Physical Education College, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burke K, Dittman CK, Forbes EJ, Eggins E. PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2021; 17:e1146. [PMID: 37050970 PMCID: PMC8356282 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Burke
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Cassandra K. Dittman
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elana J. Forbes
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Eggins
- School of Social Science, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mitic M, Woodcock KA, Amering M, Krammer I, Stiehl KAM, Zehetmayer S, Schrank B. Toward an Integrated Model of Supportive Peer Relationships in Early Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:589403. [PMID: 33716860 PMCID: PMC7947339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supportive peer relationships (SPR) are crucial for mental and physical health. Early adolescence is an especially important period in which peer influence and school environment strongly shape psychological development and maturation of core social-emotional regulatory functions. Yet, there is no integrated evidence based model of SPR in this age group to inform future research and practice. The current meta-analysis synthetizes evidence from 364 studies into an integrated model of potential determinants of SPR in early adolescence. The model encompasses links with 93 variables referring to individual (identity, skills/strengths, affect/well-being, and behavior/health) and environmental (peer group, school, family, community, and internet/technology) potential influences on SPR based on cross-sectional correlational data. Findings suggest the central importance of identity and social-emotional skills in SPR. School environment stands out as a compelling setting for future prevention programs. Finally, we underscore an alarming gap of research on the influence of the virtual and online environment on youth's social realm given its unquestionable importance as a globally expanding social interaction setting. Hence, we propose an integrated model that can serve as organizational framework, which may ultimately lead to the adoption of a more structured and integrated approach to understanding peer relationship processes in youth and contribute to overcoming marked fragmentation in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mitic
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems on the Danube, Austria
| | - Kate A. Woodcock
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Amering
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Krammer
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems on the Danube, Austria
| | - Katharina A. M. Stiehl
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems on the Danube, Austria
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Schrank
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems on the Danube, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tulln, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dowell TL, Waters AM, Usher W, Farrell LJ, Donovan CL, Modecki KL, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Castle M, Hinchey J. Tackling Mental Health in Youth Sporting Programs: A Pilot Study of a Holistic Program. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:15-29. [PMID: 32246362 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-00984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Linking mental health services to organised sport offers an avenue to identify and improve mental health among adolescents. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of an integrated mental health system embedded within a junior sports development program. A three-step integrated mental health program for 12- to 15-year-old rugby league players (N = 74) was delivered in urban (n = 44) and rural (n = 33) areas. Specifically, this system (a) assessed participant mental health on primary outcome measures of anxiety, depression, and anger/conduct problems (and secondary outcome measures of personal attributes and relationships), (b) provided feedback to participants, parents and program coordinators, and (c) connected participants and parents to a multi-component intervention including online resources, a group-based workshop program (4 × 30-min sessions), and tailored individual-level follow-up and referral to further care for participants at high risk of mental health problems. From pre- to post-program, boys' anxiety symptoms declined significantly (with only a trend-level reduction in depression), and there were significant improvements in grit (for urban boys only), efficacy to manage negative emotions, and prosocial behaviour. In addition, when boys reported symptoms associated with high risk for mental health problems, providing parents with feedback enhanced boys' access to care and was associated with significant declines in anxiety symptoms. The program was generally acceptable and feasible, with very high retention in the youth sports development program. Overall, early findings support further deployment and evaluation of integrated mental health systems embedded within sporting contexts to address mental health problems among adolescent boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiah L Dowell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia.
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia.
| | - Wayne Usher
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | - Lara J Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | - Caroline L Donovan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Modecki
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Buchtova M, Malinakova K, Kosarkova A, Husek V, van Dijk JP, Tavel P. Religious Attendance in a Secular Country Protects Adolescents from Health-Risk Behavior Only in Combination with Participation in Church Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249372. [PMID: 33333746 PMCID: PMC7765168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Religiosity and spirituality have been considered to be protective factors of adolescent health-risk behavior (HRB). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adolescents’ HRB and their religiosity, taking into account their parents’ faith and their own participation in church activities. A nationally representative sample (n = 13377, 13.5 ± 1.7 years, 49.1% boys) of Czech adolescents participated in the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children cross-sectional study. We measured religious attendance (RA), faith importance (FI) (both of respondents and their parents), participation in church activities and adolescent HRB (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and early sexual intercourse). We found that neither RA nor FI of participants or their parents had a significant effect on adolescents’ HRB. Compared to attending respondents who participate in church activities (AP), non-attending respondents who participate in church activities were more likely to report smoking and early sexual intercourse, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 3.14 (1.54–6.39) to 3.82 (1.99–7.35). Compared to AP, non-attending respondents who did not participate in church activities were more likely to report early sexual intercourse, with OR = 1.90 (1.14–3.17). Thus, our findings show that RA does not protect adolescents from HRB; they suggest that RA protects adolescents from HRB only in combination with participation in church activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Buchtova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-721-616-859
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Alice Kosarkova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Vit Husek
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Positive Adolescent Development: Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention Program in a Rural Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186784. [PMID: 32957605 PMCID: PMC7557579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach identifies adolescents as resources to be empowered rather than problems to be solved. All adolescents have strengths and will fully develop when these strengths are integrated with healthy resources in the diverse environments where they live and interact. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to present the Positive Development Program for Adolescents living in rural areas (DPAR Program) and (2) to pilot test the intervention program. The DPAR program was evaluated using a repeated-measures design before and after the intervention, with an intervention group and a control group. The sample consisted of 176 adolescents between 11 and 15 years old (M = 12.89, SD = 0.90) who belonged to two high schools with similar characteristics located in rural settings. A mixed-design analysis of variance was performed for each dependent variable. Results showed a significant increase in most of the study variables (self-esteem, self-efficacy, group identity, empathy, relational skills, assertiveness, and conflict resolution) and a significant decrease in alexithymia, as well as better academic performance. All this evidence indicates that the DPAR program is effective in promoting positive adolescent development and addresses the lack of programs based on the PYD approach in rural areas.
Collapse
|
44
|
Shek DTL, Chai W. The Impact of Positive Youth Development Attributes and Life Satisfaction on Academic Well-Being: A Longitudinal Mediation Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2126. [PMID: 32982869 PMCID: PMC7490328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While research studies revealed that positive youth development (PYD) attributes have beneficial impact on adolescent developmental outcomes, whether and how PYD qualities are related to academic well-being (such as academic stress and academic satisfaction) are unclear. Based on a longitudinal study (N = 2,312 secondary school students; Mage = 12.54 ± 0.68; 51% female) in Hong Kong, the present study tested a longitudinal mediation model in which it was hypothesized that PYD qualities predicted life satisfaction, academic stress, and academic satisfaction, with satisfaction with life mediating the influence of PYD qualities on academic well-being. Results showed that PYD qualities positively predicted academic satisfaction but negatively predicted academic stress over time. While life satisfaction partially mediated the influence of PYD attributes on academic satisfaction, it fully mediated the influence of PYD attributes on academic stress. The present study supports the proposed conceptual model and underscores the role of PYD qualities in academic well-being through the mediation of life satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T L Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyu Chai
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paricio D, Herrera M, Rodrigo MF, Viguer P. Association Between Group Identification at School and Positive Youth Development: Moderating Role of Rural and Urban Contexts. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1971. [PMID: 32849154 PMCID: PMC7427468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
These studies are framed within Social Identity Theory and the Positive Youth Development approach. The aim is: (1) to analyze the relationship between group identification at school and key positive development variables (such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, assertiveness, empathy, alexithymia, satisfaction with life, and academic performance); and (2) examine the moderator role of context (rural or urban areas of residence) and sex in these relationships. The samples were composed of 246 adolescents from a rural context (Study 1) and 156 students from rural and urban contexts (Study 2). As proposed in our hypotheses, the results show statistically significant relationships between group identification and all the variables considered, higher group identification with the class in the rural context, and a moderator role of the context in the relationships between group identification and satisfaction with life, assertiveness, and empathy. These results are relevant for designing and implementing psychoeducational programs to promote positive youth development in both rural and urban contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Herrera
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María F Rodrigo
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioural Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paz Viguer
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tejada-Gallardo C, Blasco-Belled A, Torrelles-Nadal C, Alsinet C. Effects of School-based Multicomponent Positive Psychology Interventions on Well-being and Distress in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1943-1960. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Zhou Z, Shek DT, Zhu X, Dou D. Positive Youth Development and Adolescent Depression: A Longitudinal Study Based on Mainland Chinese High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4457. [PMID: 32575856 PMCID: PMC7344806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are several limitations of the scientific literature on the linkage between positive youth development (PYD) attributes and adolescent psychological morbidity. First, longitudinal studies in the field are limited. Second, few studies have used validated PYD measures to explore the related issues. Third, few studies have used large samples. Fourth, limited studies have been conducted in mainland China. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal study using two waves of data collected from 2648 junior high school students in mainland China. In each wave, participants responded to a validated PYD scale (Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale: CPYDS) and other measures of well-being, including the 20-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). After controlling for the background demographic variables, different measures of CPYDS (cognitive-behavioral competence, prosocial attributes, general positive youth development qualities, positive identity, and overall PYD qualities) were negatively associated with CES-D scores in Wave 1 and Wave 2. Longitudinal analyses also revealed that PYD measures in Wave 1 negatively predicted Wave 2 depression scores and the changes over time. The present findings highlight the protective role of PYD attributes in protecting adolescents from depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Daniel T.L. Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (D.D.)
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (D.D.)
| | - Diya Dou
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (X.Z.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Positive Youth Development Program for Mental Health Promotion in College Campuses: Stakeholder Perspectives. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-019-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
49
|
Can helping others strengthen teens? Character strengths as mediators between prosocial behavior and adolescents' internalizing symptoms. J Adolesc 2020; 79:70-80. [PMID: 31926448 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying protective factors against internalizing behaviors during adolescence is a public health priority, as rates of depression and anxiety are rising. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine whether prosocial engagement toward strangers and family members is protective against depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether this link is mediated by character strengths (i.e., hope, persistence, gratitude, and self-esteem). METHOD The sample consisted of 500 US adolescents (52% female; 66% European American; 33% from single-parent families). Data across three consecutive yearly waves were utilized in the current study (Mage Time 1 = 13.32). RESULTS Results of a longitudinal structural equation model revealed prosocial behavior toward strangers and family members were differentially related to character strengths, and that prosocial behavior toward strangers was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms via self-esteem. CONCLUSION Taken together, findings extend the Developmental Cascades model and suggest that prosocial behavior and character strengths protect against depressive symptoms during the adolescent period. Findings are discussed in the context of relevant research and theory, and implications for future research and intervention programs are presented.
Collapse
|
50
|
Pringle J, McAteer J, Whitehead R, Scott E, Milne D, Jepson R. Developing a taxonomy to characterise trusted adult support in the lives of adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 76:30-36. [PMID: 31442812 PMCID: PMC6838780 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review of trusted adult interventions for adolescents revealed that there was no common terminology, agreed explicit definition, or detail, regarding the personal qualities, functions and roles fulfilled by trusted adults that was used consistently across the papers. To provide clarity, we therefore aimed to produce a taxonomy of trusted adult input, using evidence drawn from our review. Methods Data from the review findings were used to compile the taxonomy, moving from the general to the more specific, in a four stage process. This involved: (1) compilation of elements described in individual papers, (2) grouping of elements derived from stage 1 into categories, (3) examination of context and nature of the relationship, (4) development of a categorisation of trusted adult input. Findings The resulting taxonomy encapsulates core essential qualities provided by people acting in trusted adult or mentoring roles, and gives details relating to what a young person might expect from individuals they put their trust in. The taxonomy consists of six categories relating to: delivery context, roles of trusted adults, nature of support, personal qualities, actions/functions, and impact. Conclusions The taxonomy describes key elements that define the trusted adult role, and has the potential to inform the development of policies and guidelines relating to support provision. It may be used as a framework for the reporting of trusted adult interventions within research, and act as a helpful guide if a young person is in doubt about the behaviour or qualities displayed by an adult in their environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pringle
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, 9 Hope Park Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9NW, UK.
| | - John McAteer
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Jepson
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|