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Cosgrove JA, Rao N, George P, Hoey T, Taylor J, Marshall T, Ghose SS, Patel NA. Social and Emotional Learning Interventions for Preadolescents and Adolescents: Assessing the Evidence Base. Psychiatr Serv 2024:appips20240040. [PMID: 39118573 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20240040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The social and emotional learning (SEL) framework is widely recognized as being effective for developing social and emotional competencies among students of all ages. However, the evidence for specific intervention models with older student populations is less established. The objective of this systematic review was to rate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of SEL interventions aimed at improving mental health outcomes among preadolescents and adolescents. METHODS A search of major databases, gray literature, and evidence base registries was conducted to identify studies published from 2008 to 2022 that assessed the effects of SEL interventions on mental health outcomes among students ages 10-19 years. The authors rated the evidence for SEL interventions as high, moderate, or low based on established rating criteria. RESULTS In total, 25 articles reporting on 17 original research studies were reviewed. Sixteen intervention models were assessed, with 11 resulting in improved mental health symptoms; however, no intervention was evaluated in a large enough number of studies to surpass a low evidence rating. Some studies reported cost benefits and high effectiveness of an intervention with students from diverse racial-ethnic or low socioeconomic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS SEL interventions can improve mental health outcomes among preadolescents and adolescents. Additional research is needed to strengthen the evidence base for specific intervention models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Cosgrove
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Neha Rao
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Preethy George
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tabitha Hoey
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Taylor
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tina Marshall
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sushmita Shoma Ghose
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nikhil A Patel
- Westat (Cosgrove, Rao, George, Hoey, Taylor, Marshall, Ghose) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Patel), Rockville, Maryland
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Wang P, Wang Z, Qiu S. Universal, school-based transdiagnostic interventions to promote mental health and emotional wellbeing: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:47. [PMID: 38600562 PMCID: PMC11007989 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of universal school-based transdiagnostic interventions in promoting the mental health of children and adolescents. It compares and discusses interventions targeting the prevention of mental disorders versus the promotion of mental health. Additionally, the roles of teachers and psychologists as intervention conductors are examined. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Psycinfo, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases was conducted without any time restrictions to identify relevant literature on universal school-based transdiagnostic interventions promoting children and adolescents' mental health. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The findings reveal that universal school-based transdiagnostic promotion/prevention programs have a small to medium overall effect size. These interventions demonstrate a broad coverage of different aspects of children and adolescents' mental health. However, the relative effectiveness of teacher-led versus psychologist-led interventions remains unclear. Interventions focused on preventing mental disorders exhibit a higher effect size, albeit on a narrower range of mental health aspects for children and adolescents. SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our understanding of universal school-based transdiagnostic interventions and their impact on children and adolescents' mental health. Further research is needed to elucidate the comparative efficacy of teacher-led and psychologist-led interventions and to explore the specific dimensions of mental health targeted by these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Language, Literature and Communication, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- School of Foreign Studies, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao City, China
| | - Shuiwei Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou City, China
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Vasudev A, Ionson E, Sathiaselan J, Thatipalli A, Chauhan A, Hassan C, Sukhera J, Speechley M, Forchuk C. A feasibility (pilot) mixed methods study of an innovative non-pharmacological breath-based yoga and social-emotional intervention program in an at-risk youth sample in London, Canada. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38321567 PMCID: PMC10848429 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various service provision models for youth at risk of homelessness have been researched and implemented, including access to housing and physical and mental health resources. However, even with these interventions, we remain unaware of how best to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety and the rate of drug use in these populations primarily because of a lack of feasibility data. METHODS This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study in London, Canada, that examined the feasibility of implementing a biopsychosocial intervention, SKY Schools, in at-risk youth aged between 16 and 25 (n = 49). The study also recorded qualitative responses about the program's usefulness from the perspective of the service users. The SKY Schools intervention consisted of social-emotional learning combined with Sudarshan Kriya Yoga, a standardized yoga-based breathing exercise routine. The intervention program was divided into two phases: an active learning phase and a reinforcement phase. The following feasibility outcome measures were collected: (1) the number of potential participants approached per month, (2) number (proportion) who were successfully screened, (3) the proportion of screened participants who enrolled, (4) the rate of retention in the study, (5) rate of adherence to study protocol, (6) proportion of planned ratings that were completed, (7) intervention cost per case, (8) completeness of final data for analysis, (9) length of time to collect all data, (10) quality of all collected data, (11) determining if partnering community organizations were willing to conduct the study as per study protocol, (12) determining if there were any capacity issues with partners providing intervention and investigators being able to perform the tasks that they were committed to doing, (13) determining if there were any problems of entering the data into a computer, (14) preliminary data about the safety of the intervention, and (15) preliminary estimate of treatment effects. RESULTS All feasibility outcome measures were collectible. In the city of London, Canada it was feasible to conduct a pilot study in this population of youth at risk of homelessness. Foremost among the findings was a high retention rate (61.2%) and overall positive qualitative feedback with a number of potential suggestions to improve the delivery and quality of the intervention. However, we had a significantly low recruitment rate (0.27 participants per week) suggesting that multiple sites will be needed to achieve an adequate sample size for a subsequent definitive trial. CONCLUSIONS Future researchers may consider the findings of this feasibility study when designing a randomized control trial to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of SKY Schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02749240. Registered April 22, 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02749240 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshya Vasudev
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Emily Ionson
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janani Sathiaselan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anurag Thatipalli
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Hassan
- Integrative Psychiatry Lab, Lawson Health Research Institute and Parkwood Institute of Research, Parkwood Mental Health Building, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - Javeed Sukhera
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl Forchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Theunissen MHC, de Wolff MS, Eekhout I, van Vulpen C, Reijneveld SA. A study on the applicability of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire among low- and higher-educated adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1289158. [PMID: 38375115 PMCID: PMC10875965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1289158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire self-report (SDQ-SR) is a valid instrument for detection of emotional and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to compare the psychometric properties of the SDQ-SR for low and higher educated adolescents, and to explore its suitability. Methods We included 426 adolescents. We compared internal consistency for low-educated, i.e., at maximum pre-vocational secondary education, and higher educated adolescents and assessed whether the five-factor structure of the SDQ holds across educational levels. We also interviewed 24 low-educated adolescents, and 17 professionals. Results On most SDQ subscales the low-educated adolescents had more problematic mean scores than the higher educated adolescents. Findings on the invariance factor analyses were inconsistent, with some measures showing a bad fit of the five factor model, and this occurring relatively more for the low-educated adolescents. Professionals and adolescents reported that the SDQ included difficult wordings. Discussion Our findings imply that the scale structure of the SDQ-SR is slightly poorer for low educated adolescents. Given this caveat, psychometric properties of the SDQ-SR are generally sufficient for use, regardless of educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Coryke van Vulpen
- Pharos, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Health Disparities, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- TNO Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Li J, Hesketh T. A social emotional learning intervention to reduce psychosocial difficulties among rural children in central China. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:235-253. [PMID: 37539776 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Programmes based on social emotional learning (SEL) have been effective in reducing psychosocial difficulties in a number of countries. In Mainland China, there has been no empirical research on the prevention of children's psychosocial difficulties using the SEL approach. This study aimed to assess whether an adapted version of the SEL programme can reduce psychosocial difficulties of primary school children in rural China. The intervention consisted of 16 weekly 90-min class sessions, conducted among 206 children aged 8-12 years (with 290 controls) in a poor rural area of Central China. Self-report questionnaires were administered at baseline, post-intervention and 5-month follow-up. The results suggested that the programme (1) can reduce children's total difficulties (measured using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) at post-intervention (d = -0.18) and 5-month follow-up (d = -0.19), (2) was more effective among children experiencing verbal abuse (d = -0.21) or physical abuse (d = -0.24) from caregivers and (3) was popular among more than 90% of the participants. The programme is cheap, easy to implement and can be delivered in school hours. Therefore, it has clear potential for replicability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Li
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li G, Luo H. Using Virtual Reality Interventions to Promote Social and Emotional Learning for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 38255355 PMCID: PMC10813885 DOI: 10.3390/children11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive review of the application of virtual reality (VR) in social and emotional learning (SEL) for children and adolescents over the past decade (January 2013-May 2023), with a specific interest in the relations between their technological and instructional design features. A search in Web of Science resulted in 32 relevant articles that were then manually screened. Coding analysis was conducted from four perspectives: participant characteristics, research design, technological features, and instructional design. The analysis provides insights into the VR literature regarding publication trends, target populations, technological features, instructional scenarios, and tasks. To test the effectiveness of VR interventions for promoting SEL, a meta-analysis was also conducted, which revealed an overall medium effect size and significant moderating effects of SEL disorder type and instructional task. Finally, based on the research results, the practical implications of and future research directions for applying VR in SEL were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heng Luo
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
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Zhou X, Edirippulige S, Jones A, Bai X, Smith AC, Bambling M. The feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of an app-based intervention (the Coping Camp) in reducing stress among Chinese school adolescents: A cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294119. [PMID: 38011111 PMCID: PMC10681230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the efficacies of the Coping Camp app in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety and improving stress-coping behaviours and mental health wellbeing. Additionally, feasibility and acceptability of Coping Camp were evaluated. METHODS In this unblinded cluster RCT, 540 participants from two high schools in China were randomly assigned to the Coping Camp intervention (n = 6 classes; 275 students) or treatment as usual (n = 5 classes; 265 students) at the class level. Coping Camp was an automated self-help app, consisting of 11 sessions delivered over 11 weeks, with primary outcomes including perceived stress, depression, anxiety, stress-coping behaviours, and mental health well-being. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (11 weeks), and follow-up (19 weeks), with efficacy analysed using linear mixed models and feasibility/acceptability measured by a 5-point Likert scale and qualitative feedback. RESULTS At post-intervention and follow-up assessments, 75.4% and 81.7% of participants respectively attended. On average, participants logged in for 8.56 out of 11 sessions. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had significant reductions in levels of perceived stress (p = 0.01, d = 0.15 at T1; p < 0.001, d = 0.18 at T2), anxiety (p = 0.11; d = 0.08 at T1; p = 0.01; d = 0.13 at T2) and depression (p = 0.04, d = 0.11 at T1; p = 0.05, d = 0.10 at T2) but did not have a greater increase in stress-coping behaviours (p = 0.10 at T1; p = 0.97 at T2) or mental health wellbeing (p = 0.93 at T1; p = 0.08 at T2). The average ratings for each session were above 4, and qualitative feedback showed that most participants found the intervention to be "great," "good," and "useful." CONCLUSIONS The Coping Camp is feasible, acceptable and effective in stress management among Chinese school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhou
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony C. Smith
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthew Bambling
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Professions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tan ES, McLeod BD, Mildon RA, Shlonsky A, Seah CKF, McCrickerd K, Goh E, Kembhavi G. Assessing the effectiveness and implementation of a universal classroom-based set of educator practices to improve preschool children's social-emotional outcomes: Protocol for a cluster randomized controlled type 2 hybrid trial in Singapore. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291723. [PMID: 37729260 PMCID: PMC10511079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing high-quality early childhood care and education is understood as key to maximizing children's potential to succeed later in life, as it stimulates young children's development of skills and competencies needed to promote optimal outcomes and success later in life. Despite the government's efforts to support the early childhood sector, educators in Singapore continue to report difficulties in implementing practices in classrooms that promote children's social, emotional, and cognitive development. To enhance educators' skills in these domains, we developed the Enhancing And Supporting Early development to better children's Lives (EASEL) Approach, a set of universal, educator-delivered practices for use with 3-6-year-old children in early childhood settings to improve social, emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning (SEB+EF) outcomes. METHODS This study will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of the EASEL Approach in improving early childhood educators' teaching practices and, in turn, children's SEB+EF outcomes. We will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial with a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study in 16 childcare centers. The EPIS (Explore, Prepare, Implement, Sustain) Framework will be used to inform the implementation of the EASEL Approach. Implementation strategies include training, educator self-assessments, practice-based coaching, and data monitoring. Our primary outcome is educators' teaching practices. Secondary outcomes include educators' adoption of the EASEL Approach in everyday practice, the acceptability and feasibility of the EASEL Approach, and children's SEB+EF outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected at baseline, six months, and after implementation. CONCLUSION Findings from this study will provide significant evidence on the effectiveness of the EASEL Approach in improving educators' teaching practices and its impact on children's SEB+EF outcomes and the implementation of the EASEL Approach in early childhood classrooms in Singapore. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05445947 on 6th July 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S. Tan
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryce D. McLeod
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Robyn A. Mildon
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aron Shlonsky
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryl K. F. Seah
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keri McCrickerd
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Goh
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayatri Kembhavi
- Centre for Holistic Initiatives for Learning and Development, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lam LT, Lam MK. Child and adolescent mental well-being intervention programme: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1106816. [PMID: 37091697 PMCID: PMC10116571 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been an increasing awareness and recognition of mental well-being as one of the main outcome measures in national mental health policy and service provision in recent years. Many systemic reviews on intervention programmes for mental health or general well-being in young people have been conducted; however, these reviews were not mental well-being specific. Objective This study aims to examine the effectiveness of child and adolescent mental well-being intervention programmes and to identify the approach of effective intervention by reviewing the available Randomised Controlled Trials. Methods This systematic review study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews ensuring a methodical and structured approach for the literature search and the subsequent review processes. The systematic literature search utilised major medical and health databases. Covidence, an online application for conducting systematic reviews, was used to assemble the titles, abstracts and full articles retrieved from the initial literature search. To examine the quality of the included trials for determining the strength of the evidence provided, the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Randomised Controlled Trial was used. Results There were 34 studies identified after an extensive search of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven (7) fulfilled all selection criteria and provided information on the effect of an intervention programme on mental well-being in adolescence. Data were extracted and analysed systematically with key information summarised. The results suggested that two (2) programmes demonstrated significant intervention effects, but with a small effect size. The quality of these trials was also assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for Randomised Controlled Trials and identified some methodological issues. Conclusion In conclusion, activity-based and psychoeducation are shown to be potentially effective approaches for future programme development. More research on a well-designed programme is urgently needed, particularly in developing countries, to provide good evidence in supporting the mental health policy through the enhancement of mental well-being in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T. Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lawrence T. Lam,
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Mougharbel F, Chaput JP, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Colman I, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA, Goldfield GS. Longitudinal associations between different types of screen use and depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1101594. [PMID: 37213617 PMCID: PMC10193840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence examining the longitudinal associations between different types of screen behaviours and mental health among adolescents is limited. The present study examined the association between five types of screen behaviours and symptoms of anxiety and depression one year later. This study also assessed how changes in screen time were associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms and whether the observed relationships were moderated by sex. Methods Longitudinal data of 17,174 students in grades 9-12 (53.5% females; mean age: 15.1 ± 0.9 years) attending high schools in Canada from two waves (year 6: 2017/18, year 7: 2018/19) of the COMPASS study were analyzed. Leisure screen time and mental health measures were self-reported. To test if the associations between screen time and anxiety, and depression vary by sex, two-way interactions were examined for sex. Analyses accounted for school clustering, race/ethnicity, sex, age, income, body mass index z-score, and previous year anxiety and depression symptoms. Results There were significant longitudinal associations between time spent on each type of screen and subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms. The strength of the associations varied by type of screen behaviour. Interaction analysis indicated a sex difference for television viewing and anxiety and depression symptoms, and internet surfing and anxiety symptoms. A dose-response relationship was observed between phone talking and anxiety symptoms. Beta estimates indicated that an increase in screen duration was associated with a further increase in anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion Higher screen time was longitudinally associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms at one-year follow-up in adolescents. Time-change associations between screen usage and depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed. Also, associations differed based on sex and screen type, whereby greater increases in screen use predicted greater emotional distress. Findings from this prospective analysis suggest that screen time is an important determinant of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Future studies are recommended to help inform programs promoting screen time reduction with a goal to enhance adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- School of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gary S. Goldfield,
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Kresovich A, MacLean K, Lancaster CM, Torres ED, Temple JR, Mumford EA. Experimental evaluation of a neurophysiological intervention designed to increase student resilience: a pilot study. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 35:129-146. [PMID: 38869218 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2024.2336473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions have shown promise for building resilience and protecting youth from adverse outcomes. This study reports on an experimental pilot evaluation of the Smart Brain Wise Heart SEL intervention during the 2021-2022 school year. Smart Brain Wise Heart (SBWH) uses a neurophysiological approach among ninth-grade students to evaluate the intervention's impact on youth resiliency, self-compassion, peer violence exposure, internalising disorders, and hyperactivity. Results did not indicate any significant universal changes in target outcomes. These null findings regarding universal impact may be explained by the unprecedented difficulty of implementing a school-based intervention amid ongoing COVID-19 restrictions and administrative issues. Despite these obstacles, students with lower academic achievement in the intervention condition scored significantly higher for resilience and self-compassion and lower on depressive symptoms than their peers in the comparison condition, even when controlling for baseline scores, sex, attachment (father, mother, peer), and exposure to adverse childhood experiences. Our findings suggest SBWH programming may have important implications for the trajectories of students exhibiting lower academic achievement, at a minimum, by significantly improving their emotional resilience, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms during a vital developmental stage. More research is urgently needed under optimal conditions to assess the universal implementation of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kresovich
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kai MacLean
- Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth D Torres
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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Yu T, Xu J, Jiang Y, Hua H, Zhou Y, Guo X. School educational models and child mental health among K-12 students: a scoping review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:32. [PMID: 35477408 PMCID: PMC9047301 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promotion of mental health among children and adolescents is a public health imperative worldwide, and schools have been proposed as the primary and targeted settings for mental health promotion for students in grades K-12. This review sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of key factors involved in models of school education contributing to student mental health development, interrelationships among these factors and the cross-cultural differences across nations and societies. METHODS This scoping review followed the framework of Arksey and O'Malley and holistically reviewed the current evidence on the potential impacts of school-related factors or school-based interventions on student mental health in recent 5 years based on the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and PsycExtra databases. RESULTS/FINDINGS After screening 558 full-texts, this review contained a total of 197 original articles on school education and student mental health. Based on the five key factors (including curriculum, homework and tests, physical activities, interpersonal relationships and after-school activities) identified in student mental development according to thematic analyses, a multi-component school educational model integrating academic, social and physical factors was proposed so as to conceptualize the five school-based dimensions for K-12 students to promote student mental health development. CONCLUSIONS The lessons learned from previous studies indicate that developing multi-component school strategies to promote student mental health remains a major challenge. This review may help establish appropriate school educational models and call for a greater emphasis on advancement of student mental health in the K-12 school context among different nations or societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Jian Xu
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yining Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Hui Hua
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiangrong Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
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Smith TE, Thompson AM, Maynard BR. Self-management interventions for reducing challenging behaviors among school-age students: A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 18:e1223. [PMID: 36913185 PMCID: PMC8902300 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging classroom behaviors can interfere with student social and academic functioning and may be harmful to everyone in schools. Self-management interventions within schools can address these concerns by helping students develop necessary social, emotional, and behavioral skills. Thus, the current systematic review synthesized and analyzed school-based self-management interventions used to address challenging classroom behaviors. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to inform practice and policy by (a) evaluating the effectiveness of self-management interventions at improving classroom behaviors and academic outcomes and (b) examining the state of research for self-management interventions based on existing literature. SEARCH METHODS Comprehensive search procedures included electronically searching online databases (e.g., EBSCO Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, ERIC, PsycINFO), hand-searching 19 relevant journals (e.g., School Mental Health, Journal of School Psychology), reference-list searching 21 relevant reviews, and searching gray literature (e.g., contacting authors, searching online dissertation/theses databases and national government clearinghouses/websites). Searches were completed through December of 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA Included studies employed either a multiple group-design (i.e., experimental or quasi-experimental) or single-case experimental research design and met the following criteria: (a) utilized a self-management intervention, (b) conducted in a school setting, (c) included school-aged students, and (d) assessed classroom behaviors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standard data collection procedures expected by the Campbell Collaboration were used in the current study. Analyses for single-case design studies incorporated three-level hierarchical models to synthesize main effects, and meta-regression for moderation. Further, robust variance estimation was applied to both single-case design and group-design studies to account for dependency issues. MAIN RESULTS Our final single-case design sample included 75 studies, 236 participants, and 456 effects (i.e., 351 behavioral outcomes and 105 academic outcomes). Our final group-design sample included 4 studies, 422 participants, and 11 total behavioral effects. Most studies occurred in the United States, in urban communities, in public schools, and in elementary settings. Single-case design results indicated that self-management interventions significantly and positively impacted both student classroom behaviors (LRRi = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.59, 0.78]) and academic outcomes (LRRi = 0.58, 95% CI [0.41, 0.76]). Single-case results were found to be moderated by student race and special education status, whereas intervention effects were more pronounced for African American students (F = 5.56, p = 0.02) and students receiving special education services (F = 6.87, p = 0.01). Single-case results were not found to be moderated by intervention characteristics (i.e., intervention duration, fidelity assessment, fidelity method, or training). Despite positive findings for single-case design studies, risk of bias assessment indicated methodological shortcomings that should be considered when interpreting findings. A significant main effect of self-management interventions for improving classroom behaviors was also revealed for group-design studies (g = 0.63, 95% CI [0.08, 1.17]). However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the small number of included group-design studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH The current study, conducted using comprehensive search/screening procedures and advanced meta-analytic techniques, adds to the large amount of evidence indicating that self-management interventions can be successfully used to address student behaviors and academic outcomes. In particular, the use specific self-management elements (i.e., self-determining a performance goal, self-observing and recording progress, reflecting on a target behavior, and administering primary reinforcers) should be considered within current interventions as well as in the development of future interventions. Future research should aim to assess the implementation and effects of self-management at the group or classroom-level within randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E. Smith
- Department of Educational, School, & Counseling Psychology, Missouri Prevention Science InstituteUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron M. Thompson
- School of Social Work, Missouri Prevention Science InstituteUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Evaluation of the SPARK Child Mentoring Program: A Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum for Elementary School Students. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:531-547. [PMID: 34402995 PMCID: PMC8384824 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) programs seek to enhance social and emotional competencies in children, including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. By means of direct instruction regarding social and emotional competencies, SEL programs have the potential to strengthen resilience in children and thus their capacity to effectively cope with life's challenges. Strengthening resilience in children who are repeatedly exposed to adverse experiences, particularly those from economically disadvantaged minority backgrounds, is of particular importance and has implications for the prevention of a multitude of problems later in life. Our study reports the result of an investigation of the SPARK Child Mentoring program, a resilience-focused SEL program designed to reduce risk factors, uncover innate resilience, promote natural emotional well-being, and facilitate school success. We employed a randomized controlled trial comprising 94 elementary school students that included pre- and post-intervention measurements. After controlling for pre-intervention levels, we found a significant difference between students' understanding of underlying program principles; communication, decision making, and problem-solving skills; emotional regulation; and resilience for students who received the intervention compared to students who did not receive the intervention. These results provide initial evidence for the efficacy of the SPARK Child Mentoring program with a diverse sample of elementary school students and adds to the existing literature base concerning positive outcomes associated with SEL programs. We discuss implications for future research focused on long-term preventive effects of the program and the characteristics of students most likely to benefit from it.
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Zapolski T, Whitener M, Khazvand S, Crichlow Q, Revilla R, Salgado EF, Aalsma M, Cyders M, Salyers M, Wu W. Implementation of a Brief Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) Skills Group in High Schools for At-Risk Youth: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e32490. [PMID: 35551054 PMCID: PMC9136647 DOI: 10.2196/32490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a developmental period marked by engagement in risk-taking behaviors, especially among impulsive or emotionally dysregulated youth. Thus, interventions that teach skills to reduce the risk of negative outcomes associated with emotional dysregulation are required. Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs have been developed to address both adolescent emotional dysregulation and risk-taking behaviors; however, current programs have mostly been implemented among younger youth and are used as a tier 1 universal intervention rather than a targeted tier 2 intervention for youth identified with emotional regulation difficulties. Objective This study aimed to address the need for SEL programming that can be delivered in schools, particularly for older youth who have difficulties with emotional or behavioral dysregulation, to reduce the risk of health-risk behaviors among this population. Methods Here, we outline the implementation of an SEL intervention titled Going 4 Goals, a 9-session adaptation of the Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) program delivered to at-risk high school students in a school setting. The primary objectives of the study are to test whether participating in the skills group intervention produces significant increases in the core DBT-A skills of mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness, while also producing significant decreases in substance use and risky behaviors. These primary outcomes are based on changes in participant scores between baseline and after the intervention and follow-ups at 1, 3, and 6 months compared with a control group of youth participating in the school’s health curriculum at the same time points. Qualitative interviews will also be conducted with intervention participants and school staff to examine acceptability and facilitators of and barriers to the intervention. Results A total of 171 participants across 13 groups had been enrolled in the intervention, with data collection ending December 2021. Data analysis will begin in the spring of 2022, with expected results to be published in the spring of 2023. Conclusions This paper describes the protocol of the 9-session school-based adaptation of the DBT-A intervention and discusses the strengths and limitations of the study and future directions. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32490
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika Zapolski
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - MacKenzie Whitener
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shirin Khazvand
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Eduardo F Salgado
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa Cyders
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michelle Salyers
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Facilitating improvements in young people's social relationships to prevent or treat depression: A review of empirically supported interventions. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:305. [PMID: 34021113 PMCID: PMC8139977 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal difficulties are often implicated in the onset of depressive disorders, and typically exacerbate depressive symptoms. This is particularly true for young people, given rapid changes in, and the increased importance of, their social relationships. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify empirically supported interventions that aim to prevent or treat depression in young people by facilitating improvements in their social environment. We conducted a search of controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of such interventions, published between 1980 and June 2020. Our literature search and interpretation of results was informed by consultations with clinical experts and youth consumers and advocates. A number of promising approaches were identified with respect to prevention and treatment. Preliminary evidence was identified suggesting that school- and Internet-based approaches present a viable means to prevent the worsening of depressive symptoms in young people. Notably, delivering interpersonal psychotherapy-adolescent skills training (IPT-AST) in schools appears to be a promising early intervention strategy for young people at risk of full-threshold depressive disorder. In terms of treating depressive disorders in young people, there is strong evidence for the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A), and preliminary evidence in favour of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT). Results are discussed with respect to recommendations for future research and practice.
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17
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:631-652. [PMID: 33875837 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of the efficacy of psychological interventions in improving mental states of wellbeing is incomplete. This study aimed to overcome limitations of previous reviews by examining the efficacy of distinct types of psychological interventions, irrespective of their theoretical underpinning, and the impact of various moderators, in a unified systematic review and meta-analysis. Four-hundred-and-nineteen randomized controlled trials from clinical and non-clinical populations (n = 53,288) were identified for inclusion. Mindfulness-based and multi-component positive psychological interventions demonstrated the greatest efficacy in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Meta-analyses also found that singular positive psychological interventions, cognitive and behavioural therapy-based, acceptance and commitment therapy-based, and reminiscence interventions were impactful. Effect sizes were moderate at best, but differed according to target population and moderator, most notably intervention intensity. The evidence quality was generally low to moderate. While the evidence requires further advancement, the review provides insight into how psychological interventions can be designed to improve mental wellbeing.
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Green AL, Ferrante S, Boaz TL, Kutash K, Wheeldon‐Reece B. Social and emotional learning during early adolescence: Effectiveness of a classroom‐based SEL program for middle school students. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Green
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
- The SPARK Initiative, Inc Florida USA
| | - Stephen Ferrante
- The SPARK Initiative, Inc Florida USA
- Group Victory LLC Fort Lauderdale Florida USA
| | - Timothy L. Boaz
- The SPARK Initiative, Inc Florida USA
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Krista Kutash
- The SPARK Initiative, Inc Florida USA
- Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Brooke Wheeldon‐Reece
- The SPARK Initiative, Inc Florida USA
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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Unpacking Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Associations between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Academic Achievement: Mediation of Future Orientation and Moderation of Parental Support. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:103-125. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Bonesso S, Gerli F, Zampieri R, Boyatzis RE. Updating the Debate on Behavioral Competency Development: State of the Art and Future Challenges. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1267. [PMID: 32581983 PMCID: PMC7296078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional, social, and cognitive intelligence competencies have been recognized as the most critical capabilities for organizations to acquire at all levels. For this reason, a wide body of research since the 1980s has demonstrated their positive impact on individual performance, career success, and wellbeing across sectors and professional roles, and a large number of theoretical contributions on how these competencies can be effectively developed has emerged over time. We focus attention on the developmental and learning processes of emotional, social, and cognitive intelligence competencies that occur after formal training or educational courses provided by universities or certified organizations and directed to students or practitioners. Specifically, we conduct an exploratory literature review on the existing academic studies in order to identify the scholars and the pieces of research contributing most to the debate under investigation. This article aims at analyzing this body of research through a systematic review of the literature in order to: (i) provide a comprehensive critical analysis of the distinctive features of the theoretical and methodological frameworks adopted to develop these competencies; (ii) review the contexts in which the training initiatives analyzed by the literature have been delivered and the categories of learner involved; (iii) discuss the learning outcomes of these educational programs and how they have been assessed; (iv) identify gaps and inconsistencies in the current state of the literature, suggesting promising paths for future research; and (v) stimulate insights for educators, human resource managers, executives, and policymakers by organizing and critically analyzing the extant contributions on competency development. This review represents the first attempt to systematize the methodologies of the educational programs for competency development and to assess their effectiveness in order to assist educators and executives in their ongoing efforts to equip students and employees with the relevant skills needed to achieve superior performance in the workplace. At the institutional level, policymakers should promote a dedicated agenda with concrete actions to equip people with emotional and social intelligence competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonesso
- Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gerli
- Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Rita Zampieri
- Department of Management, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Richard E. Boyatzis
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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21
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The Effects of Implementation Quality of a School-Based Social and Emotional Well-Being Program on Students' Outcomes. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:595-614. [PMID: 34542522 PMCID: PMC8314283 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs can be effective in producing positive outcomes for students. However, when the implementation quality is poor, these programs often lose their effectiveness and fail to produce the expected positive outcomes. The current study evaluates a school-based SEL program for 15-18-year-olds in Ireland by determining the impact of implementation quality on program outcomes. The study also examines the effects on outcomes of different implementation dimensions including Dosage, Adherence, Quality of Delivery, and Participant Responsiveness. Employing a cluster randomized controlled trial design, this study collected student outcome data (n = 675) from 32 disadvantaged schools across three time points (pre-, post-, 12-month follow-up) and compared these data across three treatment groups (high-implementation, low-implementation, and control). Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to determine the relationships between the implementation data and student outcome data longitudinally. The findings revealed that the positive effects of the program were only observed with the high-, but not the low-implementation group (reduced suppression of emotions (p = 0.049); reduced avoidance coping (p = 0.006); increased social support coping (p = 0.009); reduced levels of stress (p = 0.035) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.025). The comparison of implementation dimensions revealed that only Quality of Delivery had a significant effect on all of the tested outcomes. This study highlights the importance of high-quality implementation in producing positive outcomes and supports the need to evaluate implementation using multiple dimensions.
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Evaluating the Implementation Quality of a Social and Emotional Learning Program: A Mixed Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093249. [PMID: 32392698 PMCID: PMC7246810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs have been shown to be effective in producing positive outcomes for adolescents. However, variability in implementation quality can have a negative impact on these program effects. The aim of this current study is to examine the variability in implementation quality for schools implementing the MindOut program and to identify factors that were likely to contribute to this variability. Employing a mixed methods approach, quantitative and qualitative implementation data were collected from teachers (n = 16) and students (n = 280) who participated in the MindOut program. Quantitative indicators were used to score schools’ implementation quality across four dimensions (dosage, adherence/fidelity, quality of delivery and participant responsiveness), and these were averaged to determine overall level of implementation (high/low). Qualitative data identified factors that contributed to implementation quality, and factors were then analyzed in accordance with the schools’ implementation level grouping. Findings indicated that variability in implementation quality existed both between and within schools. A total of eight schools were assigned as high implementers and another eight as low implementers. Influencing factors were categorized into five themes: (i) program factors, (ii) participant factors, (iii) teacher factors, (iv) school contextual factors, and (v) organizational capacity factors. Several differences between high and low implementers were found in relation to these influencing factors. The findings contribute to the evidence on implementation quality in schools by advancing knowledge on measuring implementation quality across multiple dimensions and informants successfully. These findings can also inform practitioners of the main influencing factors in schools so that strategies can be developed to optimize implementation quality in the future.
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Beumer WY, Okorn A, Vogelaar S, Saab N, Miers AC, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. Can Schools Reduce Adolescent Psychological Stress? A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of School-Based Intervention Programs. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1127-1145. [PMID: 32034632 PMCID: PMC7237523 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of psychological stress during adolescence have been associated with a decline in academic performance, school dropout and increased risk of mental health problems. Intervening during this developmental period may prevent these problems. The school environment seems particularly suitable for interventions and over the past decade, various school-based stress reduction programs have been developed. The present study aims to evaluate the results of (quasi-)experimental studies on the effectiveness of school-based intervention programs targeting adolescent psychological stress and to investigate moderators of effectiveness. A three-level random effects meta-analytic model was conducted. The search resulted in the inclusion of k = 54 studies, reporting on analyses in 61 independent samples, yielding 123 effect sizes (N = 16,475 individuals). The results indicated a moderate overall effect on psychological stress. Yet, significant effects were only found in selected student samples. School-based intervention programs targeting selected adolescents have the potential to reduce psychological stress. Recommendations for practice, policy and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W G van Loon
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- University of Amsterdam Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wieke Y Beumer
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Okorn
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Vogelaar
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Saab
- Leiden University Graduate School of Teaching (ICLON), Kolffpad 1, 2333 BN, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Miers
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University of Amsterdam Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Steinmayr R, Wirthwein L, Modler L, Barry MM. Development of Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3690. [PMID: 31575056 PMCID: PMC6801746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of subjective well-being (SWB) for students' mental and physical health, there is a lack of longitudinal studies investigating the development of SWB in adolescents and what factors are associated with it over time. The present study seeks to shed further light on this question by investigating adolescents longitudinally. A sample of German academic tracks students (N = 476) from five schools were followed longitudinally over a time period of 30 months with four measurement points from Grade 11 to Grade 13. Alongside the longitudinal assessment of SWB (mood and life satisfaction), a range of other factors were also assessed at t1 including; demographic factors (sex, age, socio-economic status (HISEI)), intelligence, grades (report cards provided by the schools), personality (neuroticism, extraversion) and perceived parental expectations and support. Latent growth curve models were conducted to investigate the development of SWB and its correlates. On average, mood and life satisfaction improved at the end of mandatory schooling. However, students significantly differed in this pattern of change. Students' life satisfaction developed more positively if students had good grades at t1. Furthermore, even though introverted students started with lower life satisfaction at t1, extraverts' life showed greater increases over time. Changes in mood were associated with socio-economic background; the higher the HISEI the more positive the change. As social comparisons in school performance are almost inevitable, schools should intervene to buffer the influence of school grades on students' SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Steinmayr
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Linda Wirthwein
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Laura Modler
- Department Educational Sciences, Psychology, and Sociology, TU Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
| | - Margaret M Barry
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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