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Morris MJ, Hasebe K, Shinde AL, Leong MKH, Billah MM, Hesam-Shariati S, Kendig MD. Time-restricted feeding does not prevent adverse effects of palatable cafeteria diet on adiposity, cognition and gut microbiota in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109761. [PMID: 39251144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a popular dietary strategy whereby daily food intake is limited to a <12h window. As little is known about the effects of TRF on cognitive and behavioural measures, the present study examined the effects of time-restricted (8h/day; zeitgeber time [ZT]12-20) or continuous access to a high-fat, high-sugar cafeteria-style diet (Caf; Caf and Caf-TRF groups; n=12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats) or standard chow (Chow and Chow-TRF groups) on short-term memory, anxiety-like behaviour, adiposity and gut microbiota composition over 13-weeks with daily food intake measures. TRF significantly reduced daily energy intake in Caf- but not chow-fed groups. In Caf-fed groups, TRF reduced the proportion of energy derived from sugar while increasing that derived from protein. Caf diet significantly increased weight gain, adiposity and fasting glucose within 4 weeks; TRF partially reduced these effects. Caf diet increased anxiety-like behaviour in the Elevated Plus Maze in week 3 but not week 12, and impaired hippocampal-dependent place recognition memory in week 11; neither measure was affected by TRF. Global microbiota composition differed markedly between chow and Caf groups, with a small effect of TRF in rats fed chow. In both chow and Caf diet groups, TRF reduced microbiota alpha diversity measures of Shannon diversity and evenness relative to continuous access. Results indicate only limited benefits of TRF access to an obesogenic diet under these conditions, suggesting that more severe time restriction may be required to offset adverse metabolic and cognitive effects when using highly palatable diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Hasebe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Arya L Shinde
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Michael D Kendig
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Lahouel A. High sugar consumption for seven days in adult mice increased blood glucose variability, induced an anxiolytic effect and triggered oxidative stress in cerebral cortex. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:731-739. [PMID: 38720093 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Brain function is highly altered by glucose toxicity related to diabetes. High consumption of sugar in normal conditions is suspected to affect as well brain integrity. The present study investigates the possible effects of short-term exposure to high sugar diet on brain redox homeostasis in healthy mice. Male adult healthy mice were divided into two groups: control (CG) and sugar-exposed group (SG), that was exposed continually to 10% of glucose in drinking water for 7 days and 20% sucrose pellets food. Behavior, blood glucose variability and cerebral cortex oxidative stress biomarkers were measured at the end of exposure. Animals exposed to the high sugar diet expressed a significant increase in blood glucose levels and high glucose variability compared to control. These animals expressed as well anxiolytic behavior as revealed by the plus maze test. Exposure to the sugar diet altered redox homeostasis in the brain cortex as revealed by an increase in lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). On the other hand, catalase (CAT) activity was decreased, and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was not altered compared to control. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms trigging oxidative stress (OS) in the brain in response to short term exposure to high sugar diet and glucose fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Lahouel
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Computer Science, University of Jijel, 18000, Jijel, Algeria.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, 18000, Jijel, Algeria.
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3
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Mota B, Brás AR, Araújo-Andrade L, Silva A, Pereira PA, Madeira MD, Cardoso A. High-Caloric Diets in Adolescence Impair Specific GABAergic Subpopulations, Neurogenesis, and Alter Astrocyte Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5524. [PMID: 38791562 PMCID: PMC11122083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two different high-caloric diets administered to 4-week-old rats for 12 weeks: a diet rich in sugar (30% sucrose) and a cafeteria diet rich in sugar and high-fat foods. We focused on the hippocampus, particularly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, including the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and the neuropeptides somatostatin (SST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We also analyzed the density of cholinergic varicosities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reelin (RELN), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) mRNA levels, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The cafeteria diet reduced PV-positive neurons in the granular layer, hilus, and CA1, as well as NPY-positive neurons in the hilus, without altering other GABAergic populations or overall GABA levels. The high-sugar diet induced a decrease in the number of PV-positive cells in CA3 and an increase in CB-positive cells in the hilus and CA1. No alterations were observed in the cholinergic varicosities. The cafeteria diet also reduced the relative mRNA expression of RELN without significant changes in BDNF and CDK5 levels. The cafeteria diet increased the number but reduced the length of the astrocyte processes. These data highlight the significance of determining the mechanisms mediating the observed effects of these diets and imply that the cognitive impairments previously found might be related to both the neuroinflammation process and the reduction in PV, NPY, and RELN expression in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
| | - Leonardo Araújo-Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Yigit AA, Kilinc S, Olcuoglu R, Arnous EA. The effects of orlistat on oxidative stress, recognition memory, spatial memory and hippocampal tissue in experimentally induced obesity in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114894. [PMID: 38311071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of orlistat on oxidative stress, spatial memory, recognition memory, and hippocampal tissue in obese rats. The study groups were divided into control, high fat diet-induced obese (HFDIO), HFDIO+orlistat (HFDIO+ORL) groups, each consisting of 8 animals. While control fed with standart diet, HFDIO and HFDIO+ORL fed with high-fat diets for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Then, ORL treated 10 mg/kg for 7 weeks, while control and HFDIO get water. At 16th week, novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels in hippocampal tissue, and total/native thiol/disulphide levels in serum were measured. TNF-alpha level of HFDIO was higher than control, while lower in HFDIO+ORL compared to HFDIO as like IL-1beta level. On the contrary, serum total thiol level was lower in HFDIO than control and higher in HFDIO+ORL compared to the HFDIO, while disulphide level was opposite of the total thiol levels. While recognition index was higher in HFDIO+ORL, in MWM, latency of finding platform in HFDIO was higher than control and latency of HFDIO+ORL was very similar to control in 2-4 days. The HFDIO group demonstrated decrease in time spent in platform zone compared to control, whereas time spent of the HFDIO+ORL was higher than HFDIO. Our study demonstrates that orlistat administration exerts beneficial effects on oxidative stress, spatial memory, recognition memory, and hippocampal tissue in obese rats. It shows that orlistat may have potential therapeutic implications for obesity-related cognitive impairments and hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Arzu Yigit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye.
| | - Sevtap Kilinc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye
| | - Rukiye Olcuoglu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye
| | - Elif Azra Arnous
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye
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Al-Onaizi M, Braysh K, Alkafeef SS, Altarrah D, Dannoon S, Alasousi D, Adel H, Al-Ajmi M, Kandari A, Najem R, Nizam R, Williams MR, John S, Thanaraj TA, Ahmad R, Al-Hussaini H, Al-Mulla F, Alzaid F. Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38319634 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of major public health concern. It impacts peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, leading to systemic dysmetabolism and neurocognitive impairments, including memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. The metabolic determinants of these neurocognitive impairments remain unidentified. Here, we sought to address this question by developing a proprietary (P-) high-fat diet (HFD), in which glucose intolerance precedes weight gain and insulin resistance. METHODS The P-HFD model was nutritionally characterized, and tested in vivo in mice that underwent behavioral and metabolic testing. The diet was benchmarked against reference models. . RESULTS P-HFD has 42% kcal from fat, high monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, and 10% (w/v) sucrose in drinking water. When administered, from the early stages of glucose intolerance alone, animals exhibit anxiety-like behavior, without depression nor recognition memory deficits. Long-term P-HFD feeding leads to weight gain, brain glucose hypometabolism as well as impaired recognition memory. Using an established genetic model of T2D (db/db) and of diet-induced obesity (60% kcal from fat) we show that additional insulin resistance and obesity are associated with depressive-like behaviors and recognition memory deficits. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that glucose intolerance alone can elicit anxiety-like behavior. Through this study, we also provide a novel nutritional model (P-HFD) to characterize the discrete effects of glucose intolerance on cognition, behavior, and the physiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Selma S Alkafeef
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dana Altarrah
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shorouk Dannoon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alasousi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hawraa Adel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Ajmi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan Najem
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Sumi John
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Rey M, Coirini H, Marchena A, González Deniselle MC, Kruse MS. Effects of metformin on behavioral alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption in male rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13362. [PMID: 38148478 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of sugary drinks negatively impacts the developing brain, producing long-lasting behavioral and metabolic disorders. Here, we study whether treatment with the antihyperglycemic agent metformin prevents some of the anxiety and memory alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had unrestricted access to water (control group) and a bottle containing a 10% sucrose solution (sucrose group, SUC) for 35 days. In parallel, a group of animals from SUC received metformin (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, orally; MET 25 and MET 50 groups, respectively). After 2 weeks of metformin treatment, the animals weighed less than controls. SUC and MET 50 groups compensated for the caloric intake from the sugary solution by consuming less chow. In contrast, total energy intake in MET 25 was higher than the rest of the groups, but they still weighed less than control and SUC groups, suggesting that at this concentration, metformin delays body growth. The animals were then tested for the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object location (NOL) tests. In the OF, SUC animals spent more time in the central zone of the arena, evidenced by an increased number of entries and the distance traveled there. In the EPM, SUC animals spent more time in the open arms and less time in the central square. Metformin treatment prevented the decreased anxiety observed in SUC animals in the OF and EPM. In the NOL test, SUC animals showed less interest in novelty and metformin treatment did not improve this alteration. The preference for open spaces in the OF and EPM were associated with increased serum triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HIP), while poor memory performance was associated with high basal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the decreased anxiety-like behavior produced by chronic sucrose consumption was prevented by metformin treatment, through a mechanism that probably involves normalization of TG levels and decreased oxidative stress in mPFC and HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Marchena
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Claudia González Deniselle
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu Y, Mei Y, Baby N, Teo HY, Binte Hanafi Z, Mohd Salleh SN, Sajikumar S, Liu H. Tumor-mediated microbiota alteration impairs synaptic tagging/capture in the hippocampal CA1 area via IL-1β production. Commun Biol 2023; 6:685. [PMID: 37400621 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients often experience impairments in cognitive function. However, the evidence for tumor-mediated neurological impairment and detailed mechanisms are still lacking. Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune system homeostasis and brain functions. Here we find that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth alters the gut microbiota and impedes the cognitive functions. The synaptic tagging and capture (STC), an associative cellular mechanism for the formation of associative memory, is impaired in the tumor-bearing mice. STC expression is rescued after microbiota sterilization. Transplantation of microbiota from HCC tumor-bearing mice induces similar STC impairment in wide type mice. Mechanistic study reveals that HCC growth significantly elevates the serum and hippocampus IL-1β levels. IL-1β depletion in the HCC tumor-bearing mice restores the STC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in mediating the tumor-induced impairment of the cognitive function via upregulating IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Nimmi Baby
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Human Monoclonal Antibody Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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Wang P, Kong FZ, Hong XH, Zhang L, Zhao WH, Yang JC, Zhang H. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Depression-like Behaviors in Shortening-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4302. [PMID: 36296987 PMCID: PMC9609729 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening is mainly derived from the partial hydrogenation of palm oil and widely used in fast food. Food processed with shortening contains high levels of industrial trans fatty acids. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between industrial trans fatty acids, obesity, and depression. However, the regulatory effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on depression in obese patients is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore mood changes in obese mice fed a high shortening diet, and to determine the regulatory effect of nNOS on depressive-like behaviors in obese mice. We used a high shortening diet-induced obesity mouse model to systematically assess the metabolic response, behavioral changes, prefrontal and hippocampal nNOS protein levels, and the effect of nNOS inhibitors (7-nitroindole) on depression-like behavior in obese mice. Interestingly, obese mice on a 9-week high-shortening diet developed short-term spatial working memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, and obesity may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and mood disorders. In animals fed a high shortening diet for 12 weeks, obese mice developed depression-like behavior and had significantly elevated levels of nNOS protein expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe. Administration of the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindole could improve depression-like behaviors in obese mice, further suggesting that inhibition of nNOS is helpful for depression associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Fan-Zhi Kong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Wan-Hong Zhao
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jin-Cui Yang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
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High-sugar/high-fat diet modulates the effects of chronic stress in Cariocas High- and Low-Conditioned Freezing rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 248:113742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Virtuoso A, Tveden-Nyborg P, Schou-Pedersen AMV, Lykkesfeldt J, Müller HK, Elfving B, Sørensen DB. A Long-Term Energy-Rich Diet Increases Prefrontal BDNF in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010126. [PMID: 35011001 PMCID: PMC8746649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings of the effect of high-fat feeding including “Cafeteria Diets” (CAF) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rodents are conflicting. CAF is a non-standardized, highly palatable energy-rich diet composed by everyday food items for human consumption and is known to induce metabolic syndrome and obesity in rats. However, the highly palatable nature of CAF may counteract a negative effect of chronic stress on anticipatory behavior and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, hence represent a confounding factor (e.g., when evaluating functional effects on the brain). This study investigated the effects of a chronic, restricted access to CAF on BDNF, monoamine neurotransmitters, and redox imbalance in HIP and PFC in male rats. Our results show that CAF induced BDNF and its receptor TrkB in PFC compared to the controls (p < 0.0005). No differences in monoamine neurotransmitters were detected in either PFC or HIP. CAF increased dehydroascorbic acid and decreased malondialdehyde in PFC (p < 0.05), suggesting an early redox imbalance insufficient to induce lipid peroxidation. This study supports that a chronic CAF on a restricted schedule increases BDNF levels in the PFC of rats, highlighting that this may be a suboptimal feeding regime when investigating the effects of diet-induced obesity in the brain and emphasizing this as a point of attention when comparing the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Virtuoso
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Anne Marie Voigt Schou-Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (H.K.M.); (B.E.)
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (H.K.M.); (B.E.)
| | - Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.V.); (P.T.-N.); (A.M.V.S.-P.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Silva SP, Beserra-Filho JIA, Kubota MC, Cardoso GN, Freitas FRS, Gonçalves BSM, Vicente-Silva W, Silva-Martins S, Custódio-Silva AC, Soares-Silva B, Maria-Macêdo A, Santos JR, Estadella D, Ribeiro AM. Palatable high-fat diet intake influences mnemonic and emotional aspects in female rats in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1717-1727. [PMID: 34406559 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the excessive consumption of fat and/or sugar has increased considerably. Palatable high-fat diets (HFDs) lead to metabolic disturbances and obesity, and impact emotional and cognitive processes. Previous studies in rodent models suggested that HFDs often cause multiple behavioral alterations, such as learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviors. Different sexes imply different behavioral and cognitive abilities; yet, most of these studies dealt with male or ovariectomized rats. We evaluated HFD effects in female rats submitted to different behavioral tasks, considering the effects of endogenous hormonal variations throughout estrous cycle. Female Wistar rats in each phase of the estrous cycle using commercial chow (CC) or HFD for 32 days. During treatment, behavioral assessments using sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field (OF) and novel-object recognition (NOR). At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the brains by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The main results demonstrated that (1) HFD-fed rats had higher body mass gain and food intake, without altering caloric intake, (2) rats in diestrus had lower sucrose intake, (3) females in metestrus and diestrus showed deficits in the novel-object recognition memory. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactivity decreased in the dorsal striatum and BDNF in the hippocampus in HFD-fed females. These results suggest that HFD alters neurochemical and metabolic aspects that may induce phase-dependent behavioral changes in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Chiemi Kubota
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nascimento Cardoso
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Rayanne Silva Freitas
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santos Martins Gonçalves
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Vicente-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Martins
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claúdia Custódio-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Castañeda-Corral G, Velázquez-Salazar NB, Martínez-Martínez A, Taboada-Serrano JN, Núñez-Aragón PN, González-Palomares L, Acosta-González RI, Petricevich VL, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Montes S, Jiménez-Andrade JM. Characterization of Mechanical Allodynia and Skin Innervation in a Mouse Model of Type-2 Diabetes Induced by Cafeteria-Style Diet and Low-Doses of Streptozotocin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:628438. [PMID: 33732147 PMCID: PMC7957928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.628438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DPN) is a frequent complication of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that commonly presents as neuropathic pain and loss of skin nerve fibers. However, there are limited therapies to effectively treat DPN and many of the current animal models of T2DM-induced DPN do not appear to mirror the human disease. Thus, we validated a DPN mouse model induced by a cafeteria-style diet plus low-doses of streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either standard (STD) diet or obesogenic cafeteria (CAF) diet for 32 weeks, starting at 8 weeks old. Eight weeks after starting diets, CAF or STD mice received either four low-doses of STZ or vehicle. Changes in body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as oral glucose- and insulin-tolerance tests (OGTT and ITT) were determined. The development of mechanical hypersensitivity of the hindpaws was determined using von Frey filaments. Moreover, the effect of the most common neuropathic pain drugs was evaluated on T2DM-induced mechanical allodynia. Finally, the density of PGP -9.5+ (a pan-neuronal marker) axons in the epidermis from the hindpaw glabrous skin was quantified. Results: At 22–24 weeks after STZ injections, CAF + STZ mice had significantly higher glucose and insulin levels compared to CAF + VEH, STD + STZ, and STD + VEH mice, and developed glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Skin mechanical sensitivity was detected as early as 12 weeks post-STZ injections and it was significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal acute treatment with amitriptyline, gabapentin, tramadol, duloxetine, or carbamazepine but not by diclofenac. The density of PGP-9.5+ nerve fibers was reduced in CAF + STZ mice compared to other groups. Conclusion: This reverse translational study provides a painful DPN mouse model which may help in developing a better understanding of the factors that generate and maintain neuropathic pain and denervation of skin under T2DM and to identify mechanism-based new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arisai Martínez-Martínez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | | | - Pablo N Núñez-Aragón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | - Vera L Petricevich
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México México
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13
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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14
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Jardim NS, Müller SG, Pase FM, Nogueira CW. Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 and Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A Contribute to Moderate-intensity Swimming Effectiveness against Memory Impairment in Young Mice Induced by Concomitant Exposure to a High-calorie Diet during the Early Life Period. Neuroscience 2020; 452:311-325. [PMID: 33246070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased energy food consumption during early-life has been associated with memory impairment. Swimming training has been reported to improve memory processes in rodent models. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate-intensity swimming training counteracts learning and memory impairment in young mice fed a high-calorie diet during the early-life period. The contribution of hippocampal oxidative stress, as well as nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (NRF2/Keap-1/HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha/mitochondrial transcription factor A (PCG-1α/mtTFA) signaling, in memory effects was also investigated. Three-week-old male Swiss mice received a high-calorie diet (20% fat; 20% carbohydrate enriched) or a standard diet from 21 to 49 postnatal days. Mice performed a moderate-intensity swimming protocol (5 days/week) and behavioral tests predictive of memory function. Mice fed a high-calorie diet and subjected to the swimming protocol performed better on short- and long-term spatial and object recognition memory tests than those fed a high-calorie diet. The swimming protocol modulated the hippocampal NRF2/Keap-1/HO-1 and mtTFA pathways in mice fed a high-calorie diet. Swimming training positively affected location and long-term memory, fat mass content, as well as NRF2/Keap-1/HO-1 and mtTFA proteins of control-diet-fed mice. In conclusion, a moderate-intensity swimming training evoked an adaptive response in mice fed a high-calorie diet by restoring different types of memory-impaired and hippocampal oxidative stress as well as upregulated the NRF2/Keap-1/HO-1 and mtTFA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Silva Jardim
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Müller
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Matos Pase
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil.
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15
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Maternal Deprivation and Sex Alter Central Levels of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats Exposed to Palatable Food in Adolescence. Neuroscience 2020; 428:122-131. [PMID: 31917337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation (MD) in rodents is used to simulate human-infant early life stress, which leads to neural, hormonal, and behavioral alterations. Palatable food (PF) can reduce the stress response, and individuals use it as a self-applied stress relief method. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the association between MD in the early life (P1-P10) and PF consumption (condensed milk, P21-P44) in the central neuroplasticity (BDNF/NGF levels) and central neuroinflammatory parameters (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels) in male and female Wistar rats in the adolescence. In addition, weight-related parameters (weight gain, Lee Index, and relative adipose tissue weight) were evaluated. PF exposure increased relative adipose tissue weight; however, it did not lead to a change in animals' body weight. MD reduced hypothalamic BDNF and NGF levels, and hippocampal TNF-α levels in male and female rats. Animals of both sexes that received PF, exhibited reduced hypothalamic NGF levels. Neuroinflammatory marker evaluations showed that male rats were more susceptible to the interventions than female rats, since MD reduced their cortical IL-10 levels and PF increased their IL-6 levels. Differences in the Lee index, central BDNF, TNF-α, and IL-6levels were observed between sexes. Male animals per se presented greater Lee index. Female rats had higher BDNF and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus and higher hypothalamic TNF-α levels than those observed in males. In conclusion, there were more noticeable effects of MD than PF on the variables measured in this study. Sex effect was identified as an important factor and influenced most of the neurochemical measures in this study. In this way, we suggest including both female and male animals in researches to improve the quality of translational studies.
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16
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Adan RAH, van der Beek EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S, Schellekens H, Dickson SL. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1321-1332. [PMID: 31735529 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- Suzanne Higgs School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Del Olmo N, Blanco-Gandía MC, Mateos-García A, Del Rio D, Miñarro J, Ruiz-Gayo M, Rodríguez-Arias M. Differential Impact of Ad Libitum or Intermittent High-Fat Diets on Bingeing Ethanol-Mediated Behaviors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092253. [PMID: 31546853 PMCID: PMC6769939 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary factors have significant effects on the brain, modulating mood, anxiety, motivation and cognition. To date, no attention has been paid to the consequences that the combination of ethanol (EtOH) and a high-fat diet (HFD) have on learning and mood disorders during adolescence. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biochemical and behavioral consequences of ethanol binge drinking and an HFD consumption in adolescent mice. Methods: Animals received either a standard diet or an HFD (ad libitum vs. binge pattern) in combination with ethanol binge drinking and were evaluated in anxiety and memory. The metabolic profile and gene expression of leptin receptors and clock genes were also evaluated. Results: Excessive white adipose tissue and an increase in plasma insulin and leptin levels were mainly observed in ad libitum HFD + EtOH mice. An upregulation of the Lepr gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus was also observed in ad libitum HFD groups. EtOH-induced impairment on spatial memory retrieval was absent in mice exposed to an HFD, although the aversive memory deficits persisted. Mice bingeing on an HFD only showed an anxiolytic profile, without other alterations. We also observed a mismatch between Clock and Bmal1 expression in ad libitum HFD animals, which were mostly independent of EtOH bingeing. Conclusions: Our results confirm the bidirectional influence that occurs between the composition and intake pattern of a HFD and ethanol consumption during adolescence, even when the metabolic, behavioral and chronobiological effects of this interaction are dissociated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Health & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain.
| | - Ana Mateos-García
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Danila Del Rio
- Department of Health & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Behavioral profile of intermittent vs continuous access to a high fat diet during adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111891. [PMID: 31009646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive functions have been broadly studied as a model of obesity, although no studies have evaluated whether these effects are maintained after the cessation of this diet. In addition, the behavioral effects of having a limited access to an HFD (binge-eating pattern) are mostly unknown, although they dramatically increase the vulnerability to drug use in contrast to having continuous access. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an intermittent versus a continuous exposure to an HFD during adolescence on cognition and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as to study the changes observed after the interruption of this diet. Adolescent male mice received for 40 days a standard diet, an HFD with continuous access or an HFD with sporadic limited access (2 h, three days a week). Two additional groups were fed with intermittent or continuous access to the HFD and withdrawn from this diet 15 days before the behavioral tests. Only the animals with a continuous access to the HFD showed higher circulating leptin levels, increased bodyweight, marked memory and spatial learning deficits, symptoms that disappeared after 15 days of HFD abstinence. Mice that binged on fat only showed hyperlocomotion, which normalized after 15 days of HFD cessation. However, discontinuation of fat, either in a binge or a continuous pattern, led to an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight that exposure to a high-fat diet during adolescence induces alterations in brain functions, although the way in which this diet is ingested determines the extent of these behavioral changes.
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19
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de Oliveira C, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Santos DS, Souza A, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:1-10. [PMID: 30446297 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and the prevention and treatment of obesity are often unsatisfactory. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven promising in the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity. We investigate the effects of tDCS on locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-like and feeding behavior, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL (interleukin)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the cerebral cortex of obese rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were used in our study. Animals were divided into groups of three or four animals per cage and allocated to four treatment groups: standard diet plus sham tDCS treatment (SDS), standard diet plus tDCS treatment (SDT), hypercaloric diet plus sham tDCS treatment (HDS), hypercaloric diet plus tDCS treatment (HDT). After 40 days on a hypercaloric diet and/or standard diet were to assessed the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior to by the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests respectively before and after exposure to tDCS treatment. The experimental groups were submitted to active or sham treatment tDCS during eight days. Palatable food consumption test (PFT) was performed 24 h after the last tDCS session under fasting and feeding conditions. Obese animals submitted to tDCS treatment showed a reduction in the Lee index, visceral adipose tissue weight, and food craving. In addition, bicephalic tDCS decreased the cerebral cortex levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in these animals. Exposure to a hypercaloric diet produced an anxiolytic effect, which was reversed by bicephalic tDCS treatment. These results suggest that, in accordance with studies in humans, bicephalic tDCS could modulate biometric and inflammatory parameters, as well as anxiety-like and feeding behavior, of rats subjected to the consumption of a hypercaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Ferreira A, Castro JP, Andrade JP, Dulce Madeira M, Cardoso A. Cafeteria-diet effects on cognitive functions, anxiety, fear response and neurogenesis in the juvenile rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Guedine CRDC, Pordeus LCDM, Riul TR, Jordão AA, Almeida SS. Cafeteria diet during lactation and/or post-lactation altered lipid profile/lipid peroxidation and increased anxiety-like behavior in male rat offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:526-536. [PMID: 30289019 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1529283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the impact of the cafeteria diet during lactation and/or post-lactation on physiological parameters and anxiety in the offspring of Wistar rats. Methods: Male offspring of Wistar rats (n = 60) were randomized into four groups: Control (C), Lactation Cafeteria (LC), Post-lactation Cafeteria (PC) and Total Cafeteria (TC). Later in adult life the animals were submitted to the behavioral (elevated plus-maze and open field) and biological (body weight, consumption and food preference, glycemia, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum protein, and oxidative stress) evaluations. The data were submitted to ANOVA, followed by the Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Results: Animals treated with the cafeteria diet presented greater weight measurements compared to the control group. Triglyceride levels were higher in the PC group than in the other groups. MDA levels were higher in the PC and TC group than CL and C. The animals of the PC and TC groups presented higher levels of anxiety compared to the C and LC groups. No significant differences due to diet were observed in the locomotor and exploratory behaviors. Conclusions: The cafeteria diet ingestion was capable of triggering biological and behavioral alterations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Regina Riul
- Nutrition Department, FCBS, UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367, KM 583, Alto da Jacuba, 5000, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordão
- Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Behavior and Nutrition Laboratory, FFLCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
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Effects of cafeteria diet on memory and hippocampal oxidative stress in a rat model of Alzheimer-like disease: Neuroprotection of green tea supplementation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Eudave DM, BeLow MN, Flandreau EI. Effects of high fat or high sucrose diet on behavioral-response to social defeat stress in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:1-8. [PMID: 30003122 PMCID: PMC6041201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress increases risk for psychopathology, and diet may moderate the impact of stress on mental health. A “Western” diet has been linked to psychopathology in humans; animal studies also show that diet can influence negative valence behavior in the presence or absence of stress, but findings are inconsistent. Contradictions in existing studies may result from differences in macronutrient content of diets and presence of metabolic syndrome. The present study exposed mice to 10 days of high fat or high sucrose diet concurrent with social defeat stress exposure and examined negative valence behavior at acute (<five days) and long-term (>30 days) time points after stress/diet exposure. Predictably, stress increased negative valence behavior in the social interaction, open field, elevated zero maze, and tail suspension tests at the acute time point. While most stress-induced behaviors normalized after the 30-day recovery period, social avoidance was still highly significant for stress-exposed mice, supporting the hypothesis that avoidance of a trauma-related cue persists beyond non-specific anxiety-like behaviors. Supporting the hypothesis that an unhealthy diet contributes to psychopathology, non-stressed mice fed high fat or high sucrose diets spent less time exploring the center of the open field. This effect was no longer present after a 30-day recovery. Intriguingly, mice previously fed either high fat or high sucrose diets exhibited increased rearing behavior in the elevated zero maze 30 days post stress and diet exposure. This finding could be evidence that short-term diet administration can initiate a long-term increase in risk-assessment behavior. Social stress increased negative valence in short-term behavioral tests. Social avoidance persisted for stress exposed mice thirty days post stress exposure. Unhealthy diet decreased exploration in the center of the open field. Non-stress, control diet mice had the least anxiety-like behavior in open field. Unhealthy diets increased rearing behavior 30 days post stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deseree M Eudave
- Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, United States
| | - McKenna N BeLow
- Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, United States
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Hansen SN, Ipsen DH, Schou-Pedersen AM, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Long term Westernized diet leads to region-specific changes in brain signaling mechanisms. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Belwal T, Devkota HP, Hassan HA, Ahluwalia S, Ramadan MF, Mocan A, Atanasov AG. Phytopharmacology of Acerola ( Malpighia spp. ) and its potential as functional food. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agustí A, García-Pardo MP, López-Almela I, Campillo I, Maes M, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y. Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:155. [PMID: 29615850 PMCID: PMC5864897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood and cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning and executive functions compared to normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies also indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, and vice versa. These associations between pathologies that presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota is a mediating factor between the environmental pressures (e.g., diet, lifestyle) and host physiology, and its alteration could partly explain the cross-link between those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, which also promotes a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota; this, in turn, seems to contribute to obesity-related complications. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans suggest that the obesity-associated microbiota may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and inflammatory alterations underlying obesity and its comorbidities. These include dysregulation of the HPA-axis with overproduction of glucocorticoids, alterations in levels of neuroactive metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) and activation of a pro-inflammatory milieu that can cause neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about the role and mode of action of the gut microbiota in the cross-link between energy metabolism, mood and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria P García-Pardo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Cafeteria diet and probiotic therapy: cross talk among memory, neuroplasticity, serotonin receptors and gut microbiota in the rat. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:351-361. [PMID: 28289278 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The western diet is known to have detrimental effects on cognition and the gut microbiota, but few studies have investigated how these may be related. Here, we examined whether a probiotic could prevent diet-induced memory deficits. Rats were pre-exposed to vehicle, low or high doses of VSL#3 for 2 weeks before half were switched from chow to a cafeteria diet (Caf) for 25 days; VSL#3 treatment continued until death. High-dose VSL#3 prevented the diet-induced memory deficits on the hippocampal-dependent place task, but the probiotic caused deficits on the perirhinal-dependent object task, irrespective of diet or dose. No differences were observed in anxiety-like behaviour on the elevated plus maze. Gut microbial diversity was dramatically decreased by Caf diet and here, VSL#3 was able to increase the abundance of some taxa contained in the probiotic such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and also other taxa including Butyrivibrio, which were decreased by the Caf diet. This affected the predicted profile of microbial metabolic pathways related to antioxidant and bile biosynthesis, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism. In the hippocampus, the Caf diet increased the expression of many genes related to neuroplasticity and serotonin receptor (5HT) 1A, which was normalised in Caf-High rats. Distance-based linear modelling showed that these genes were the best predictors of place memory, and related to microbiota principal component (PC) 1. Neuroplasticity genes in the perirhinal cortex were also affected and related to PC1 but object memory performance was correlated with perirhinal 5HT2C expression and microbiota PC3. These results show that probiotics can be beneficial in situations of gut dysbiosis where memory deficits are evident but may be detrimental in healthy subjects.
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A cafeteria diet alters the decision making strategy and metabolic markers in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Links Between Obesity-Induced Brain Insulin Resistance, Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dementia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30233495 PMCID: PMC6127253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in peripheral areas, following obesity, are patently the major contributory factors to the degree of the severity of brain insulin resistance as well as the progression of cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the alterations in brain mitochondria, including both functional and morphological changes, occurred following obesity. Several studies also suggested that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of underlying mechanism contributing to brain insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Thus, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current evidence from various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that are associated with obesity, brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognition. Contradictory findings and the mechanistic insights about the roles of obesity, brain insulin resistance, and brain mitochondrial dysfunction on cognition are also presented and discussed. In addition, the potential therapies for obese-insulin resistance are reported as the therapeutic strategies which exert the neuroprotective effects in the obese-insulin resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ;
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Pu D, Luo J, Wang Y, Ju B, Lv X, Fan P, He L. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their associations with serum vitamin D level. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:179-184. [PMID: 29063463 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with depression in the general population. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of depression and anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from Northwestern China and identify associations of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores with serum vitamin D level in these patients. We recruited 161 RA patients inform the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during Nov. 2016 to Feb. 2017. All patients completed a survey including HAMD and HAMA scales. RA activity (DAS28) was scored by a rheumatologist, and serum 25-OH-D3 levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The data were analyzed using the SPSS16.0 based on "possible and probable" cut points for HAMD and HAMA. About 62 and 60% of patients had some degrees of depression and anxiety, respectively. The mean of serum 25-OH-D3 levels in RA patients with depression was 15.24 ± 8.78 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than those without depression (24.68 ± 10.98 ng/mL, p = 0.009). Despite negative correlations between serum 25-OH-D3 level and the score of HAMD (r = - 0.520, p < 0.001) or HAMA (r = - 0.469, p < 0.001), there was a positive correlations between DAS28and the score of HAMD (r = 0.459, p = 0.001) or HAMA (r = 0.486, p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression showed that disease duration, serum 25-OH-D3 level, and treatment of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor were associated with depression/anxiety in RA patients. Our study shows a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in RA patients from Northwestern China. Both disease activity of RA and low serum 25-OH-D3 level are associated with the severity of depression and anxiety. It is imperative for clinicians to screen hypovitaminosis of vitamin D and depression/anxiety in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Bomiao Ju
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
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Zanini P, Arbo BD, Niches G, Czarnabay D, Benetti F, Ribeiro MF, Cecconello AL. Diet-induced obesity alters memory consolidation in female rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 180:91-97. [PMID: 28821446 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, which is caused by an energy imbalance between consumed and expended calories. Obesity leads to an inflammatory response that may result in peripheral and central metabolic changes, including insulin and leptin resistance. Insulin and leptin resistance have been associated with metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions. Obesity and some neurodegenerative diseases that lead to dementia affect mainly women. However, the effects of diet-induced obesity on memory consolidation in female rats are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hypercaloric diet on the object recognition memory of female rats and on possible related metabolic changes. The animals submitted to the hypercaloric diet presented a higher food intake in grams and in calories, resulting in increased weight gain and liposomatic index in comparison with the animals exposed to the control diet. These animals presented a memory deficit in the object recognition test and increased serum levels of glucose and leptin. However, no significant differences were found in the serum levels of insulin, TNF-α and IL-1β, in the index of insulin resistance (HOMA), in the hippocampal levels of insulin, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as on Akt expression or activation in the hippocampus. Our findings indicate that adult female rats submitted to a hypercaloric diet present memory consolidation impairment, which could be associated with diet-induced weight gain and leptin resistance, even without the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zanini
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B D Arbo
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Department of Pharmacology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Niches
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Czarnabay
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Cognitiva e do Desenvolvimento, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Benetti
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia Cognitiva e do Desenvolvimento, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M F Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A L Cecconello
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Effect of high-fat diets on mood and learning performance in adolescent mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu C, Ren W, Cheng J, Zhu B, Jin Q, Wang L, Chen C, Zhu L, Chang Y, Gu Y, Zhao J, Lv D, Shao B, Zhang S, He J. Association Between Serum Levels of Vitamin D and the Risk of Post-Stroke Anxiety. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3566. [PMID: 27149477 PMCID: PMC4863794 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low levels of serum vitamin D are common in patients with mood disorders and stroke. It has been shown that low levels of serum vitamin D indicate a risk of depression in post-stroke subjects. Our aim was to determine the relationship between vitamin D and post-stroke anxiety (PSA).A consecutive series of 226 first acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited and followed up for 1 month. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured within 24 hours of admission. Patients with significant clinical symptoms of anxiety and a Hamilton anxiety scale score >7 were diagnosed as having PSA. In addition, 100 healthy subjects were recruited as controls and underwent measurements of serum vitamin D.A total of 60 patients (26.55%) showed anxiety at 1 month. Both PSA patients and non-PSA patients had lower serum levels of vitamin D than healthy subjects. A significant relationship was found between PSA and serum levels of vitamin D. Low serum levels of vitamin D (≤38.48 nmol/L) were independently associated with the development of PSA (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.21-5.13, P = 0.01).Serum vitamin D status is related to the occurrence of anxiety in post-stroke patients and may be an independent risk factor of PSA after 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Wu
- From the Department of Neurology (CW, WR, JC, BZ, QJ, LW, CC, LZ, YC, YG, JZ, DL, BS, JH), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Department of Neurology, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou (SZ), People's Republic of China
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Differential effects of a short-term high-fat diet in an animal model of depression in rats treated with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, the 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT, and the SSRI, fluoxetine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 144:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Takase K, Tsuneoka Y, Oda S, Kuroda M, Funato H. High-fat diet feeding alters olfactory-, social-, and reward-related behaviors of mice independent of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:886-94. [PMID: 26890672 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity, which is associated with well-known increased health risks. Moreover, obesity has been associated with altered sensorimotor and emotional behaviors of humans and mice. This study attempted to dissociate the influence of HFD-induced obesity on behaviors from the influence of HFD consumption itself. METHODS C57BL male mice were randomly allocated to a low-fat diet (LFD) group, an HFD-induced obesity (DIO) group, or a pair-fed HFD-feeding nonobese (HFD) group. A comprehensive behavioral test battery was performed on all three groups to assess sensorimotor functions, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, reward-related behaviors, social behaviors, and learning/memory functions. RESULTS Both the DIO and HFD groups exhibited disturbed olfaction, blunted ethanol preference, and enhanced social interactions. The DIO group exhibited blunted sucrose preference, shorter latency before falling off during the rotarod test, and a lower response to mechanical stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The HFD-fed nonobese mice showed altered behaviors related to olfaction, social interactions, and rewards that were similar to those of the DIO mice. This finding suggests that HFD consumption alters a variety of behaviors independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Takase
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Psychology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Oda
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Kuroda
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International Institutes for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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