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Faust D, Wenz C, Holm S, Harms G, Greffrath W, Dietrich C. Cell-cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-triggered ferroptosis and cellular damage in vitro by regulation of intracellular calcium. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2953-2969. [PMID: 38814333 PMCID: PMC11324706 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) is an organic hydroperoxide widely used as a model compound to induce oxidative stress. It leads to a plethora of cellular damage, including lipid peroxidation, DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs), and breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We could show in several cell lines that t-BuOOH induces ferroptosis, triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. We have further revealed that not only t-BuOOH-mediated ferroptosis, but also DNA DSBs and loss of MMP are prevented by cell-cell contacts. The underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we show in murine fibroblasts and a human colon carcinoma cell line that t-BuOOH (50 or 100 µM, resp.) causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+, and that this increase is key to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, DNA DSB formation and dissipation of the MMP. We further demonstrate that cell-cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-mediated raise in intracellular Ca2+. Hence, we provide novel insights into the mechanism of t-BuOOH-triggered cellular damage including ferroptosis and propose a model in which cell-cell contacts control intracellular Ca2+ levels to prevent lipid peroxidation, DNA DSB-formation and loss of MMP. Since Ca2+ is a central player of toxicity in response to oxidative stress and is involved in various cell death pathways, our observations suggest a broad protective function of cell-cell contacts against a variety of exogenous toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Faust
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Wenz
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albklinik Münsingen of the District Hospital Association Reutlingen, Lautertalstraße 47, 72525, Münsingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Holm
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greffrath
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia Dietrich
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Prabha S, Sajad M, Hasan GM, Islam A, Imtaiyaz Hassan M, Thakur SC. Recent advancement in understanding of Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors, subtypes, and drug targets and potential therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102476. [PMID: 39222668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant neocortical degenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and secondary alterations in white matter tracts. Understanding the risk factors and mechanisms underlying AD is crucial for developing effective treatments. The risk factors associated with AD encompass a wide range of variables, including gender differences, family history, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, environmental factors such as air pollution and lifestyle-related conditions like cardiovascular disease, gut pathogens, and liver pathology contribute substantially to the development and progression of AD and its subtypes. This review provides current update and deeper insights into the role of diverse risk factors, categorizing AD into its distinct subtypes and elucidating their specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Unlike previous studies that often focus on isolated aspects of AD, our review integrates these factors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Furthermore, the review explores a variety of drug targets linked to the neuropathology of different AD subtypes, highlighting the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. We further discussed the novel therapeutic options and categorized them according to their targets. The roles of different drug targets were comprehensively studied, and the mechanism of action of their inhibitors was discussed in detail. By comprehensively covering the interplay of risk factors, subtype differentiation, and drug targets, this review provides a deeper understanding of AD and suggests directions for future research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Prabha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Sajad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Sonu Chand Thakur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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3
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Sharma V, Sharma P, Singh TG. Leukotriene signaling in neurodegeneration: implications for treatment strategies. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01557-1. [PMID: 39167313 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of substances that cause inflammation. They are produced by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid. Cysteinyl LTs are a group of lipid molecules that have a prominent role in inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic disease, current advancements in bio-medical research have shed light on the involvement of these inflammatory mediators in diseases such as in the inflammation related to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Among the CNS diseases, LTs, along with 5-LOX and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation provides an insight on the biosynthesis, receptors, and biological effects of LTs in the body. Furthermore, implications of leukotriene signaling in CNS and its intricate role in neurodegeneration are also studied. Through the revelation of these insights, our aim is to establish a foundation for the development of enhanced and focused therapeutic approaches in the continuous endeavor to combat neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of leukotriene signaling with selective inhibitors offers promising prospects for future interventions and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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4
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Lohitaksha K, Kumari D, Shukla M, Byagari L, Ashireddygari VR, Tammineni P, Reddanna P, Gorla M. Eicosanoid signaling in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176694. [PMID: 38821162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population. It is marked by a complex interplay of factors, including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles within the brain, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Recent studies have underscored the role of free lipids and their derivatives in the initiation and progression of AD. Eicosanoids, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid (AA), emerge as key players in this scenario. Remarkably, eicosanoids can either promote or inhibit the development of AD, and this multifaceted role is determined by how eicosanoid signaling influences the immune responses within the brain. However, the precise molecular mechanisms dictating the dual role of eicosanoids in AD remain elusive. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate involvement of eicosanoids in neuronal function and dysfunction. Furthermore, we assess the therapeutic potential of targeting eicosanoid signaling pathways as a viable strategy for mitigating or halting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manas Shukla
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lavanya Byagari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prasad Tammineni
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Brane Enterprises Private Limited, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
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5
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Ebright B, Duro MV, Chen K, Louie S, Yassine HN. Effects of APOE4 on omega-3 brain metabolism across the lifespan. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:745-757. [PMID: 38609814 PMCID: PMC11321946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have important roles in human nutrition and brain health by promoting neuronal functions, maintaining inflammatory homeostasis, and providing structural integrity. As Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology progresses, DHA metabolism in the brain becomes dysregulated, the timing and extent of which may be influenced by the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele. Here, we discuss how maintaining adequate DHA intake early in life may slow the progression to AD dementia in cognitively normal individuals with APOE4, how recent advances in DHA brain imaging could offer insights leading to more personalized preventive strategies, and how alternative strategies targeting PUFA metabolism pathways may be more effective in mitigating disease progression in patients with existing AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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6
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Halder D, Das S, Joseph A. An insight into structure-activity relationship of naturally derived biological macromolecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a review. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6455-6471. [PMID: 37378526 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. There are currently no cures for AD, although various drugs are used to manage the symptoms and reduce the disease's progression. AChE inhibitors such as rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist memantine are currently FDA-approved drugs used in the treatment of AD. Recently, naturally derived biological macromolecules have shown promising results in the treatment of AD. Several biological macromolecules derived from natural sources are in various stages of preclinical and clinical trials. During the literature search, it was observed that there is a lack of a comprehensive review that particularly focuses on the role of naturally derived biological macromolecules (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids) in the treatment of AD and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach for understanding the medicinal chemistry perspective. This review focuses on the SAR and probable mechanisms of action of biological macromolecules derived from natural sources for the treatment of AD, including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and polysaccharides. The paper further addresses the therapeutic possibilities of monoclonal antibodies, enzymes, and vaccines for the treatment of AD. Overall, the review provides insight into the SAR of naturally derived biological macromolecules in the treatment of AD. The ongoing research in this field holds great promise for the future development of AD treatment and provides hope for individuals affected by this devastating disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Halder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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7
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Faraji P, Kühn H, Ahmadian S. Multiple Roles of Apolipoprotein E4 in Oxidative Lipid Metabolism and Ferroptosis During the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:62. [PMID: 38958788 PMCID: PMC11222241 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and has a great socio-economic impact. Modified oxidative lipid metabolism and dysregulated iron homeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder, but the detailed pathophysiological mechanisms still remain unclear. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-binding protein that occurs in large quantities in human blood plasma, and a polymorphism of the APOE gene locus has been identified as risk factors for AD. The human genome involves three major APOE alleles (APOE2, APOE3, APOE4), which encode for three subtly distinct apolipoprotein E isoforms (APOE2, APOE3, APOE4). The canonic function of these apolipoproteins is lipid transport in blood and brain, but APOE4 allele carriers have a much higher risk for AD. In fact, about 60% of clinically diagnosed AD patients carry at least one APOE4 allele in their genomes. Although the APOE4 protein has been implicated in pathophysiological key processes of AD, such as extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, formation of neurofibrillary tangles, modified oxidative lipid metabolism, and ferroptotic cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not well understood. As for all mammalian cells, iron plays a crucial role in neuronal functions and dysregulation of iron homeostasis has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Imbalances in iron homeostasis and impairment of the hydroperoxy lipid-reducing capacity induce cellular dysfunction leading to neuronal ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on APOE4-related oxidative lipid metabolism and the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD. Pharmacological interference with these processes might offer innovative strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Faraji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kühn
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Hacioglu C, Kar F, Sahin MC. Neurochemical Research of LOXBlock-1 and ZnSO 4 against Neurodegenerative Damage Induced by Amyloid Beta(1-42). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3204-3214. [PMID: 37872362 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Synaptosomes offer an intriguing ex vivo model system for investigating the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative processes. Lipoxygenases significantly affect the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Homeostasis of trace elements such as zinc is necessary for the continuity of brain functions. In this study, we purpose to determine whether LOXBlock-1, a 12/15 lipoxygenase inhibitor, and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) provide any biochemical protection during neurodegenerative damage in synaptosomes induced by amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42). In this study, animals (30 Wistar Albino male rats 30) were divided into 5 groups (6 animals in each group): Control, 10µM Aβ1-42, 10µM Aβ1-42+25mM LOXBlock-1, 10µM Aβ1-42+10µM ZnSO4, and 10µM Aβ1-42+25mM LOXBlock-1+10µM ZnSO4. Synaptosomes were isolated from the rat cerebral cortex. Following, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels, reduced-glutathione (GSH) levels, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and 8-OHdG levels in synaptosomes were detected according to the ELISA method. ADA and AChE expression and protein levels were analyzed. MDA, nNOS, AChE, and 8-OHdG levels in synaptosomes treated with Aβ1-42 resulted in an increase, while there was a decrease in ADA, GSH, and CAT levels (p<0.001 vs. control). Conversely, LOXBlock-1 and ZnSO4 treatments in synaptosomes treated with Aβ1-42 decreased MDA, nNOS, AChE, and 8-OHdG levels, while ADA, GSH, and CAT levels increased. Moreover, the most effective improvement was seen in the co-treatment group of LOXBlock-1 and ZnSO4. Our data showed that LOXBlock-1 and ZnSO4 co-treatment may protect against Aβ1-42 exposure in rat brain synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Cansu Sahin
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
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Gu X, Huang Z, Ying X, Liu X, Ruan K, Hua S, Zhang X, Jin H, Liu Q, Yang J. Ferroptosis exacerbates hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis by enhancing lipid peroxidation and modulating the immune microenvironment. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:242. [PMID: 38773098 PMCID: PMC11109150 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of ferroptosis worsens the severity of acute pancreatitis and intensifies the inflammatory response and organ damage, but the detailed underlying mechanisms are unknown. Compared with other types of pancreatitis, hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) is more likely to progress to necrotizing pancreatitis, possibly due to peripancreatic lipolysis and the production of unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, high levels of unsaturated fatty acids undergo lipid peroxidation and trigger ferroptosis to further exacerbate inflammation and worsen HLAP. This paper focuses on the malignant development of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis with severe disease combined with the core features of ferroptosis to explore and describe the mechanism of this phenomenon and shows that the activation of lipid peroxidation and the aberrant intracellular release of many inflammatory mediators during ferroptosis are the key processes that regulate the degree of disease development in patients with HLAP. Inhibiting the activation of ferroptosis effectively reduces the intensity of the inflammatory response, thus reducing organ damage in patients and preventing the risk of HLAP exacerbation. Additionally, this paper summarizes the key targets and potential therapeutic agents of ferroptosis associated with HLAP deterioration to provide new ideas for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhiye Ying
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodie Liu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyi Ruan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Hua
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangbin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Elkharsawy H, Eldomany RA, Mira A, Soliman AF, Amir M, El-Sharkawy S. New neuroprotective derivatives of cinnamic acid by biotransformation. Food Funct 2024; 15:4323-4337. [PMID: 38530276 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial transformation is extensively utilized to generate new metabolites in bulk amounts with more specificity and improved activity. As cinnamic acid was reported to exhibit several important pharmacological properties, microbial transformation was used to obtain its new derivatives with enhanced biological activities. By manipulating the 2-stage fermentation protocol of biotransformation, five metabolites were produced from cinnamic acid. Two of them were new derivatives; N-propyl cinnamamide 2̲ and 2-methyl heptyl benzoate 3̲ produced by Alternaria alternata. The other 3 metabolites, p-hydroxy benzoic acid 4̲, cinnamyl alcohol 5̲ and methyl cinnamate 6̲, were produced by Rhodotorula rubra, Rhizopus species and Penicillium chrysogeneum, respectively. Cinnamic acid and its metabolites were evaluated for their cyclooxygenase (COX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Protection against H2O2 and Aβ1-42 induced-neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was also monitored. Metabolite 4̲ was more potent as a COX-2 inhibitor than the parent compound with an IC50 value of 1.85 ± 0.07 μM. Out of the tested compounds, only metabolite 2̲ showed AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 8.27 μM. These results were further correlated with an in silico study of the binding interactions of the active metabolites with the active sites of the studied enzymes. Metabolite 3̲ was more potent as a neuroprotective agent against H2O2 and Aβ1-42 induced-neurotoxicity than catechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate as positive controls. This study suggested the two new metabolites 2̲ and 3̲ along with metabolite 4̲ as potential leads for neurodegenerative diseases associated with cholinergic deficiency, neurotoxicity or neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer Elkharsawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A Eldomany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33156, Egypt
| | - Amira Mira
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy. Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amal F Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa 7731168, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Amir
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saleh El-Sharkawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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11
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Chavoshinezhad S, Beirami E, Izadpanah E, Feligioni M, Hassanzadeh K. Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of necroptosis and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115656. [PMID: 37844354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, is defined by neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and gradual cognitive decline. Regardless of the advances in understanding AD's pathogenesis and progression, its causes are still contested, and there are currently no efficient therapies for the illness. The post-mortem analyses revealed widespread neuronal loss in multiple brain regions in AD, evidenced by a decrease in neuronal density and correlated with the disease's progression and cognitive deterioration. AD's neurodegeneration is complicated, and different types of neuronal cell death, alone or in combination, play crucial roles in this process. Recently, the involvement of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in the neurodegenerative mechanisms of AD has received a lot of attention. Aberrant activation of necroptosis and ferroptosis, two newly discovered forms of regulated non-apoptotic cell death, is thought to contribute to neuronal cell death in AD. In this review, we first address the main features of necroptosis and ferroptosis, cellular signaling cascades, and the mechanisms involved in AD pathology. Then, we discuss the latest therapies targeting necroptosis and ferroptosis in AD animal/cell models and human research to provide vital information for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, 20144 Milan, Italy.
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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12
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Sztolsztener K, Bzdęga W, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A, Harasim-Symbor E. Therapeutic effect of cannabidiol on myocardial arachidonic acid content in various lipid fractions in a rat model of obesity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106767. [PMID: 37541613 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the potential protective influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on myocardial inflammation state, with a special focus on arachidonic acid (AA), and oxidative balance in lipid overload conditions. The 7-week experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats receiving standard or high-fat diet (HFD) with intraperitoneal CBD injections for the last 14 days. The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) activities and AA concentration in selected fractions were evaluated by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The expression of proteins was determined by Western blot and the concentration of different parameters by ELISA, colorimetric, or multiplex assay kits. Our results revealed that CBD increased n-3 PUFAs activity in phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions, and decreased AA content in the HFD group, especially in the phospholipid pool. Simultaneously, CBD decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, cyclooxygenase-1, and - 2, resulting in the reduction of prostaglandin E2 and the increment of prostaglandin I2. CBD appears to be relatively safe for the treatment of obesity-induced heart disease, as it has anti-inflammatory and partially antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bzdęga
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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13
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Vasanth Kanth TLB, Raha A, Vijay Murali RM, Yuvatha N, Kumaran K, Kirubakaran R, ArulJothi KN. Repurposing of clinically proven bioactive compounds for targeted treatment of Alzheimer's disease using molecular docking approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:33. [PMID: 37920821 PMCID: PMC10618149 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's have become a growing concern as it is difficult to cure. Tau protein is found to be playing a major role in Alzheimer's disease, and the majority of drugs that are currently on the market are not only prohibitively expensive but also come packaged with side effects that the body cannot tolerate. Repurposing existing compounds is a successful and optimistic strategy that offers reduced risk and increased possibility. We aim to retrieve the existing drugs and analyze them using in-silico techniques. We have retrieved the compounds from the Selleckchem natural product library, and the ability of the drug to cross Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties were examined using SwissADME. The structure of Tau protein (2MZ7) was then retrieved from PDB, and molecular docking of the compounds was performed using the PyRx-Virtual Screening Tool. Initially, 92 compounds passed the ADMET screening criteria, out of which the compound Ligustroflavone was found to have the most favourable binding affinity without violating Lipinski's rule of 5 of the compounds in the library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasma Loganath Babu Vasanth Kanth
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Archi Raha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
| | - R M Vijay Murali
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Natesan Yuvatha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kasinathan Kumaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rangasamy Kirubakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Salem, Tamil Nadu India
| | - KN ArulJothi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, 603203 Chengalpattu Dt, Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Mohammadnezhad P, Valdés A, Barrientos RE, Ibáñez E, Block JM, Cifuentes A. A Comprehensive Study on the Chemical Characterization and Neuroprotective Evaluation of Pracaxi Nuts Extracts Obtained by a Sustainable Approach. Foods 2023; 12:3879. [PMID: 37893772 PMCID: PMC10606833 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazonian Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze nuts contain a lipidic fraction with health-promoting effects, but little is known about the bioactivity of other constituents. In this study, the lipidic fraction obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 was chemically characterized by using lipidomics techniques. The SFE-CO2 residue, named as pracaxi cake, was re-extracted by pressurized liquid extraction following a biorefinery approach. Using a response surface methodology and based on the extraction yield and different in vitro assays, two optimum conditions were obtained: 80% and 12.5% of ethanol at 180 °C. Under these conditions, extraction yield and different in vitro measurements related to neuroprotection were assessed. Chemical characterization of these extracts suggested the presence of triterpenoid saponins and spermidine phenolamides, which were not previously reported in pracaxi nuts. These results suggest that pracaxi oil extraction by-products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Mohammadnezhad
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Ruth E. Barrientos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil;
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.); (E.I.); (A.C.)
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15
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Qin S, Zeng H, Wu Q, Li Q, Zeeshan M, Ye L, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Li M, Zhang R, Chen W, Chou WC, Dong GH, Li DC, Zeng XW. An integrative analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics in various mouse brain regions in response to real-ambient PM 2.5 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165112. [PMID: 37364843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with various neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5-induced adverse effects on the brain are still not fully defined. Multi-omics analyses could offer novel insights into the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced brain dysfunction. In this study, a real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system was applied to male C57BL/6 mice for 16 weeks, and lipidomics and transcriptomics analysis were performed in four brain regions. The findings revealed that PM2.5 exposure led to 548, 283, 304, and 174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as 184, 89, 228, and 49 distinctive lipids in the hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb, respectively. Additionally, in most brain regions, PM2.5-induced DEGs were mainly involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and calcium signaling pathway, while PM2.5-altered lipidomic profile were primarily enriched in retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Importantly, mRNA-lipid correlation networks revealed that PM2.5-altered lipids and DEGs were obviously enriched in pathways involving in bile acid biosynthesis, De novo fatty acid biosynthesis, and saturated fatty acids beta-oxidation in brain regions. Furthermore, multi-omics analyses revealed that the hippocampus was the most sensitive part to PM2.5 exposure. Specifically, dysregulation of Pla2g1b, Pla2g, Alox12, Alox15, and Gpx4 induced by PM2.5 were closely correlated to the disruption of alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism in the hippocampus. In summary, our findings highlight differential lipidomic and transcriptional signatures of various brain regions by real-ambient PM2.5 exposure, which will advance our understanding of potential mechanisms of PM2.5-induecd neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lizhu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinhang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Miao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dao-Chuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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16
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Li Q, Qi S, Liang J, Tian Y, He S, Liao Q, Xing S, Han L, Chen X. Review of triazole scaffolds for treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110623. [PMID: 37451665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole scaffolds, a series of 5-membered heterocycles, are well known for their high efficacy, low toxicity, and superior pharmacokinetics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathological mechanisms. Triazole, as an aromatic group with three nitrogen atoms, forms polar and non-polar interactions with diverse key residues in the receptor-ligand binding procedure, and has been widely used in the molecular design in the development of anti-AD agents. Moreover, considering the simple synthesis approaches, triazole scaffolds are commonly used to link two pharmacodynamic groups in one chemical molecule, forming multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Furthermore, the click reaction between azide- and cyano-modified enzyme and ligand provides feasibility for the new modulator discovery, compound tissue distribution evaluation, enzyme localization, and pharmacological mechanism study, promoting the diagnosis of AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Junrong Technology Transfer Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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17
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Descoteaux AE, Zuch DT, Bradham CA. Polychrome labeling reveals skeletal triradiate and elongation dynamics and abnormalities in patterning cue-perturbed embryos. Dev Biol 2023; 498:1-13. [PMID: 36948411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The larval skeleton of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is an ideal model system for studying skeletal patterning; however, our understanding of the etiology of skeletal patterning in sea urchin larvae is limited due to the lack of approaches to live-image skeleton formation. Calcium-binding fluorochromes have been used to study the temporal dynamics of bone growth and healing. To date, only calcein green has been used in sea urchin larvae to fluorescently label the larval skeleton. Here, we optimize labeling protocols for two additional calcium-binding fluorochromes: xylenol orange and calcein blue- and demonstrate that these fluorochromes can be used individually or in nested pulse-chase experiments to understand the temporal dynamics of skeletogenesis and patterning. Using a pulse-chase approach, we show that the initiation of skeletogenesis begins around 15 h post fertilization. We also assess the timing of triradiate formation in embryos treated with a range of patterning perturbagens and demonstrate that triradiate formation is delayed and asynchronous in embryos ventralized via treatment with either nickel or chlorate. Finally, we measure the extent of fluorochrome incorporation in triple-labeled embryos to determine the elongation rate of numerous skeletal elements throughout early skeletal patterning and compare this to the rate of skeletal growth in embryos treated with axitinib to inhibit VEGFR. We find that skeletal elements elongate much more slowly in axitinib-treated embryos, and that axitinib treatment is sufficient to induce abnormal orientation of the triradiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Descoteaux
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Daniel T Zuch
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Cynthia A Bradham
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
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18
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Kim JK, Hong S, Park J, Kim S. Metabolic and Transcriptomic Changes in the Mouse Brain in Response to Short-Term High-Fat Metabolic Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030407. [PMID: 36984847 PMCID: PMC10051449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic consumption of diets rich in saturated fats leads to obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes and atherosclerosis. Intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is also recognized to dysregulate neural functions such as cognition, mood, and behavior. However, the effects of short-term high-fat diets on the brain are elusive. Here, we investigated molecular changes in the mouse brain following an acute HFD for 10 days by employing RNA sequencing and metabolomics profiling. Aberrant expressions of 92 genes were detected in the brain tissues of acute HFD-exposed mice. The differentially expressed genes were enriched for various pathways and processes such as superoxide metabolism. In our global metabolomic profiling, a total of 59 metabolites were significantly altered by the acute HFD. Metabolic pathways upregulated from HFD-exposed brain tissues relative to control samples included oxidative stress, oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acid metabolism (e.g., branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and lysine metabolism), and the gut microbiome. Acute HFD also elevated levels of N-acetylated amino acids, urea cycle metabolites, and uracil metabolites, further suggesting complex changes in nitrogen metabolism. The observed molecular events in the present study provide a valuable resource that can help us better understand how acute HFD stress impacts brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kwang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Stem Cell Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gynther M, Estrada ML, Loppi S, Korhonen P, Kanninen KM, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Auriola S, Fricker G, Puris E. Increased Expression and Activity of Brain Cortical cPLA2 Due to Chronic Lipopolysaccharide Administration in Mouse Model of Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2438. [PMID: 36365256 PMCID: PMC9695895 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an enzyme regulating membrane phospholipid homeostasis and the release of arachidonic acid utilized in inflammatory responses. It represents an attractive target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation caused abnormal lipid metabolism in the brain of a transgenic AD mouse model (APdE9), which might be associated with potential changes in cPLA2 activity. Here, we investigated changes in cPLA2 expression and activity, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations due to chronic LPS administration in the cerebral cortex of female APdE9 mice as compared to saline- and LPS-treated female wild-type mice and saline-treated APdE9 mice. The study revealed the significant effects of genotype LPS treatment on cortical cPLA2 protein expression and activity in APdE9 mice. LPS treatment resulted in nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activation in the cortex of APdE9 mice. The gene expressions of inflammation markers Il1b and Tnfa were significantly elevated in the cortex of both APdE9 groups compared to the wild-type groups. The study provides evidence of the elevated expression and activity of cPLA2 in the brain cortex of APdE9 mice after chronic LPS treatment, which could be associated with NFkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Gynther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Leal Estrada
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanna Loppi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85724-5221, USA
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Islam F, Islam MM, Khan Meem AF, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Akter A, Mitra S, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Khusro A, Simal-Gandara J, Eftekhari A, Karimi F, Baghayeri M. Multifaceted role of polyphenols in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136020. [PMID: 35985383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are conditions that cause neuron structure and/or function to deteriorate over time. Genetic alterations may be responsible for several NDDs. However, a multitude of physiological systems can trigger neurodegeneration. Several NDDs, such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, are assigned to oxidative stress (OS). Low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are crucial for maintaining normal brain activities, as their increasing concentrations can promote neural apoptosis. OS-mediated neurodegeneration has been linked to several factors, including notable dysfunction of mitochondria, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. However, synthetic drugs are commonly utilized to treat most NDDs, and these treatments have been known to have side effects during treatment. According to providing empirical evidence, studies have discovered many occurring natural components in plants used to treat NDDs. Polyphenols are often safer and have lesser side effects. As, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, celastrol, berberine, genistein, and luteolin have p-values less than 0.05, so they are typically considered to be statistically significant. These polyphenols could be a choice of interest as therapeutics for NDDs. This review highlighted to discusses the putative effectiveness of polyphenols against the most prevalent NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohaimenul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Atkia Farzana Khan Meem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, 603103, India; Centre for Research and Development, Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Padur, OMR, Chennai, 603103, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Baghayeri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, PO. Box 397, Sabzevar, Iran.
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21
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Norman JE, Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. A high sucrose diet modifies brain oxylipins in a sex-dependent manner. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102506. [PMID: 36244214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins have been implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Dysregulation of cerebral lipid homeostasis and altered lipid metabolites have been associated with the onset and progression of dementia. Although most dietary interventions have focused on modulation of dietary fats, the impact of a high sucrose diet on the brain oxylipin profile is unknown. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a high sucrose diet (HSD, 34%) in comparison to a control low sucrose diet (LSD, 12%) for 12 weeks beginning at 20 weeks of age. The profile of 53 free oxylipins was then measured in brain by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Serum glucose and insulin were measured enzymatically. We first assessed whether there were any effects of the diet on the brain oxylipin profile, then assessed for sex differences. RESULTS There were no differences in fasting serum glucose between the sexes for mice fed a HSD or in fasting serum insulin levels for mice on either diet. The HSD altered the brain oxylipin profile in both sexes in distinctly different patterns: there was a reduction in three oxylipins (by 47-61%) and an increase in one oxylipin (16%) all downstream of lipoxygenase enzymes in males and a reduction in eight oxylipins (by 14-94%) mostly downstream of cyclooxygenase activity in females. 9-oxo-ODE and 6-trans-LTB4 were most influential in the separation of the oxylipin profiles by diet in male mice, whereas 5-HEPE and 12-HEPE were most influential in the separation by diet in female mice. Oxylipins 9‑hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11-HETE, and 15-HETE were higher in the brains of females, regardless of diet. CONCLUSION A HSD substantially changes brain oxylipins in a distinctly sexually dimorphic manner. Results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms and links to metabolic disease. Sex and diet effects on brain oxylipin composition may provide future targets for the management of neuroinflammatory diseases, such as dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Norman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Meyer Hall 3143, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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22
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Khorsandi K, Hosseinzadeh R, Esfahani H, Zandsalimi K, Shahidi FK, Abrahamse H. Accelerating skin regeneration and wound healing by controlled ROS from photodynamic treatment. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:40. [PMID: 36192814 PMCID: PMC9529607 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolisms produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are essential for cellular signaling pathways and physiological functions. Nevertheless, ROS act as “double-edged swords” that have an unstable redox balance between ROS production and removal. A little raise of ROS results in cell proliferation enhancement, survival, and soft immune responses, while a high level of ROS could lead to cellular damage consequently protein, nucleic acid, and lipid damages and finally cell death. ROS play an important role in various pathological circumstances. On the contrary, ROS can show selective toxicity which is used against cancer cells and pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on three important components including a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, and light. Upon excitation of the PS at a specific wavelength, the PDT process begins which leads to ROS generation. ROS produced during PDT could induce two different pathways. If PDT produces control and low ROS, it can lead to cell proliferation and differentiation. However, excess production of ROS by PDT causes cellular photo damage which is the main mechanism used in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the functions of ROS in living systems and describes role of PDT in production of controllable ROS and finally a special focus on current ROS-generating therapeutic protocols for regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Academic center for education, culture and research, Urmia, Iran
| | - HomaSadat Esfahani
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kavosh Zandsalimi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fedora Khatibi Shahidi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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23
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Ma H, Dong Y, Chu Y, Guo Y, Li L. The mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in alzheimer’s disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965064. [PMID: 36090039 PMCID: PMC9459389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for two-thirds of all dementia cases, affecting 50 million people worldwide. Only four of the more than 100 AD drugs developed thus far have successfully improved AD symptoms. Furthermore, these improvements are only temporary, as no treatment can stop or reverse AD progression. A growing number of recent studies have demonstrated that iron-dependent programmed cell death, known as ferroptosis, contributes to AD-mediated nerve cell death. The ferroptosis pathways within nerve cells include iron homeostasis regulation, cystine/glutamate (Glu) reverse transporter (system xc−), glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and lipid peroxidation. In the regulation pathway of AD iron homeostasis, abnormal iron uptake, excretion and storage in nerve cells lead to increased intracellular free iron and Fenton reactions. Furthermore, decreased Glu transporter expression leads to Glu accumulation outside nerve cells, resulting in the inhibition of the system xc− pathway. GSH depletion causes abnormalities in GPX4, leading to excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides. Alterations in these specific pathways and amino acid metabolism eventually lead to ferroptosis. This review explores the connection between AD and the ferroptosis signaling pathways and amino acid metabolism, potentially informing future AD diagnosis and treatment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanqin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqin Guo, ; Luxin Li,
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqin Guo, ; Luxin Li,
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24
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Neuroprotective Potential of Thinned Peaches Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction after Different Drying Processes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162464. [PMID: 36010464 PMCID: PMC9407205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, environmental and nutritional factors are suggested as primary factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols present in thinned peaches are considered as good candidates for AD prevention. Thinned peaches are usually dried to avoid putrefaction, but the effects of the drying method and the extraction process on the polyphenol composition and the neuroprotective potential have never been addressed. In this work, a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized and applied to thinned peaches dried under different conditions, and their neuroprotective potential was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the PLE extracts were characterized via HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and a permeability assay was performed to evaluate the ability of the identified metabolites to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The PLE extracts obtained from freeze-dried (FD) samples with 50% ethanol in water at 180 °C showed the best neuroprotective potential. Finally, among the 81 metabolites identified, isoferulic acid, 4-methyldaphnetin, coniferyl aldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone were found at higher concentrations in FD extracts. These metabolites are able to cross the BBB and are positively correlated with the neuroprotective potential, suggesting FD together with PLE extraction as the best combination to exploit the neuroprotective capacity of thinned peaches.
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25
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Abderrezag N, Montenegro ZJS, Louaer O, Meniai AH, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Mendiola JA. One-step sustainable extraction of Silymarin compounds of wild Algerian milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds using Gas Expanded Liquids. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463147. [PMID: 35640448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the application of Gas Expanded Liquid (GXL) extraction to concentrate the flavonolignan fraction (silymarin) and taxifolin from Silybum marianum seeds, which have proven to be highly valuable health-promoting compounds. GXL using green solvents was used to isolate silymarin with the objective of replacing conventional methods. In one hand, the effect of different compositions of solvents, aqueous ethanol (20%, 50% or 80% (v/v)) at different CO2/liquid (25, 50 and 75%) ratios, on the GXL extraction was investigated. The obtained extracts have been chemically and functionally characterized by means of UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS (triple quadrupole) and in-vitro assays such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and antioxidant. Results revealed that the operating conditions influenced the extraction yield, the total phenolic content and the presence of the target compounds. The best obtained yield was 55.97% using a ternary mixture of solvents composed of CO2:EtOH:H2O (25:60:15) at 40 °C and 9 MPa in 160 min. Furthermore, the results showed that obtained extracts had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (with best IC50 value of 8.80 µg/mL and 28.52 µg/mL, respectively) but a moderate anti-cholinesterase activity (with best IC50 value of 125.09 µg/mL). Otherwise, the concentration of silymarin compounds in extract can go up to 59.6% using the present one-step extraction method without further purification, being silybinA+B the predominant identified compound, achieving value of 545.73 (mg silymarin/g of extract). The obtained results demonstrate the exceptional potential of GXL to extract high-added values molecules under sustainable conditions from different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norelhouda Abderrezag
- Laboratory of Environmental Processes Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Ali Mendjli, 25000 Constantine, Algeria; Profesora Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño (UdeNar), Pasto, Colombia
| | | | - Ouahida Louaer
- Laboratory of Environmental Processes Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Ali Mendjli, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam-Hassen Meniai
- Laboratory of Environmental Processes Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Ali Mendjli, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Mendiola
- Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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The Prophylactic and Multimodal Activity of Two Isatin Thiosemicarbazones against Alzheimer's Disease In Vitro. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060806. [PMID: 35741690 PMCID: PMC9221192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder strongly involving the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, which subsequently aggregate into the disease characteristic insoluble amyloid plaques, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, Aβ oligomers interfere with the expression and activity of Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. In the present study, the potential multimodal effect of two synthetic isatin thiosemicarbazones (ITSCs), which have been previously shown to prevent Aβ aggregation was evaluated. Both compounds resulted in fully reversing the Aβ-mediated toxicity in SK-NS-H cells treated with exogenous Aβ peptides at various pre-incubation time points and at 1 μM. Cell survival was not recovered when compounds were applied after Aβ cell treatment. The ITSCs were non-toxic against wild type and 5xFAD primary hippocampal cells. They reversed the inhibition of Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation in 5xFAD cells. Finally, they exhibited good antioxidant potential and moderate lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Overall, these results suggest that isatin thiosemicarbazone is a suitable scaffold for the development of multimodal anti-AD agents.
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27
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Ahmadi M, Bekeschus S, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Wende K. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: recent advances in the use of synthetic COX-2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:471-496. [PMID: 35685617 PMCID: PMC9132194 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes comprise COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms and are responsible for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins have critical roles in the inflammation pathway and must be controlled by administration of selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been among the most used NSAIDs during the ongoing coronavirus 2019 pandemic because they reduce pain and protect against inflammation-related diseases. In this framework, the mechanism of action of both COX isoforms (particularly COX-2) as inflammation mediators must be reviewed. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 must be highlighted due to their major participation in upregulation of the inflammatory reaction. Structural and functional analyses of selective COX-2 inhibitors within the active-site cavity of COXs could enable introduction of lead structures with higher selectivity and potency against inflammation with fewer adverse effects. This review focuses on the biological activity of recently discovered synthetic COX-2, dual COX-2/lipoxygenase, and COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase hybrid inhibitors based primarily on the active motifs of related US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. These new agents could provide several advantages with regard to anti-inflammatory activity, gastrointestinal protection, and a safer profile compared with those of the NSAIDs celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49A 17489 Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
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28
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Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and In Vitro Neuroprotective Evaluation of Ammodaucus leucotrichus. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226951. [PMID: 34834042 PMCID: PMC8625519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a spontaneous plant endemic of the North African region. An efficient selective pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized to concentrate neuroprotective extracts from A. leucotrichus fruits. Green solvents were tested, namely ethanol and water, within a range of temperatures between 40 to 180 °C. Total carbohydrates and total phenolics were measured in extracts, as well as in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging), anticholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities. Metabolite profiling was carried out by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-q-TOF-MS/MS), identifying 94 compounds. Multivariate analysis was performed to correlate composition with bioactivity. A remarkable effect of the temperature using water was observed: the higher temperature, the higher extraction yield, the higher total phenolic content, as well as the higher total carbohydrates content. The water extract obtained at 180 °C, 10.34 MPa and 10 min showed meaningful anti-inflammatory (IC50LOX = 39.4 µg/mL) and neuroprotective activities (IC50AChE = 55.6 µg/mL). The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis correlated these activities with the presence of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds.
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29
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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30
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Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092462. [PMID: 34572111 PMCID: PMC8471828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell–cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell–cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell–cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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31
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Modulation of the Primary Astrocyte-Enriched Cultures' Oxylipin Profiles Reduces Neurotoxicity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080498. [PMID: 34436439 PMCID: PMC8399552 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, manipulations with reactive astrocytes have been viewed as a new therapeutic approach that will enable the development of treatments for acute brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes can release several substances, which may exert neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects, but the nature of these substances is still largely unknown. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that these effects may be attributed to oxylipins, which are synthesized from n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We used astrocyte-enriched cultures and found that: (1) lipid fractions secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat primary astrocyte-enriched cultures-possessed neurotoxic activity in rat primary neuronal cultures; (2) both of the tested oxylipin synthesis inhibitors, ML355 and Zileuton, reduce the LPS-stimulated release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by astrocyte cultures, but only ML355 can change lipid fractions from neurotoxic to non-toxic; and (3) oxylipin profiles, measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) from neurotoxic and non-toxic lipid fractions, reveal a group of n-3 docosahexaenoic acid derivatives, hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HdoHEs)-4-HdoHE, 8-HdoHE, and 17-HdoHE, which may reflect the neuroprotective features of lipid fractions. Regulating the composition of astrocyte oxylipin profiles may be suggested as an approach for regulation of neurotoxicity in inflammatory processes.
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32
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Elzahhar PA, Alaaeddine RA, Nassra R, Ismail A, Labib HF, Temraz MG, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. Challenging inflammatory process at molecular, cellular and in vivo levels via some new pyrazolyl thiazolones. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:669-684. [PMID: 33618602 PMCID: PMC7901699 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1887169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The work reported herein describes the synthesis of a new series of anti-inflammatory pyrazolyl thiazolones. In addition to COX-2/15-LOX inhibition, these hybrids exerted their anti-inflammatory actions through novel mechanisms. The most active compounds possessed COX-2 inhibitory activities comparable to celecoxib (IC50 values of 0.09-0.14 µM) with significant 15-LOX inhibitory activities (IC50s 1.96 to 3.52 µM). Upon investigation of their in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and ulcerogenic profiles, these compounds showed activity patterns equivalent or more superior to diclofenac and/or celecoxib. Intriguingly, the most active compounds were more effective than diclofenac in suppressing monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production by activated macrophages, as well as their ability to induce macrophage apoptosis. The latter finding potentially adds a new dimension to the previously reported anti-inflammatory mechanisms of similar compounds. These compounds were effectively docked into COX-2 and 15-LOX active sites. Also, in silico predictions confirmed the appropriateness of these compounds as drug-like candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala F Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, E gypt
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dos Santos LC, Mendiola JA, Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Álvarez-Rivera G, Viganó J, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Martínez J. Selective Extraction of Piceatannol from Passiflora edulis by-Products: Application of HSPs Strategy and Inhibition of Neurodegenerative Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126248. [PMID: 34200696 PMCID: PMC8230382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora edulis by-products (PFBP) are a rich source of polyphenols, of which piceatannol has gained special attention recently. However, there are few studies involving environmentally safe methods for obtaining extracts rich in piceatannol. This work aimed to concentrate piceatannol from defatted PFBP (d-PFBP) by means of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and conventional extraction, using the bio-based solvents selected with the Hansen solubility parameters approach. The relative energy distance (Ra) between solvent and solute was: Benzyl Alcohol (BnOH) < Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) < Ethanol (EtOH) < EtOH:H2O. Nonetheless, EtOH presented the best selectivity for piceatannol. Multi-cycle PLE at 110 °C was able to concentrate piceatannol 2.4 times more than conventional extraction. PLE exhibited a dependence on kinetic parameters and temperature, which could be associated with hydrogen bonding forces and the dielectric constant of the solvents. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX) IC50 were 29.420 μg/mL and 27.682 μg/mL, respectively. The results reinforce the demand for processes to concentrate natural extracts from food by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina dos Santos
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering (LAPEA), Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.M.); (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Jose Antonio Mendiola
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.M.); (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo
- Department of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.M.); (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, R. São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil;
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.M.); (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.M.); (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(91)-0017956
| | - Julian Martínez
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering (LAPEA), Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (L.C.d.S.); (J.M.)
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mass spectrometry investigation of nucleoside adducts of fatty acid hydroperoxides from oxidation of linolenic and linoleic acids. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462236. [PMID: 34038777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of lipid hydroperoxides in foodstuffs and biological samples has aroused great attentions in recent years, while it remains challenging for analysis of the fragility of O - O bond linkage of peroxides. In this present study, we explored the utility of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for characterization of two fatty acid hydroperoxides from oxidation of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, which are the essential fatty acids abundant in many seeds and vegetable oils. The results indicated that in-source fragmentation occurred in the detection of the two fatty acid hydroperoxides in both positive and negative ion modes, which yielded characteristic fragments for ESI-MS analysis. In addition, the genotoxicity of fatty acid hydroperoxides for generation of nucleoside adducts was investigated. It was found that a variety of nucleoside adducts were formed from the reactions of fatty acid hydroperoxides and nucleosides. Furthermore, the decomposition products of the fatty acid hydroperoxides were determined, which provided evidence to elucidate the reaction mechanism for formation of nucleoside adducts.
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Kursun O, Karatas H, Bariskaner H, Ozturk S. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Neurologic Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:150-159. [PMID: 33982658 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210512013648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Arachidonic acid (ARA) is essential for the fluidity, selective permeability, and flexibility of the cell membrane. It is an important factor for the function of all cells, particularly in the nervous system, immune system, and vascular endothelium. ARA, after docosahexaenoic acid, is the second most common polyunsaturated fatty acid in the phospholipids of the nerve cell membrane. ARA metabolites have many kinds of physiologic roles. The major action of ARA metabolites is the promotion of the acute inflammatory response, mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and PGI2, followed by the formation of lipid mediators, which have pro-resolving effects. Another important action of ARA derivatives, especially COX, is the regulation of vascular reactivity through PGs and TXA2. There is significant involvement of ARA metabolites in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders. ARA derivatives also make an important contribution to acute stroke, global ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and anticoagulation- related hemorrhagic transformation. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss experimental and human study results of neurologic disorders related to ARA and its metabolites in line with treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Kursun
- Ankara City Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Neurointensive Care Unit, Neurology, Turkey
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry Neurology, Turkey
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Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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Bernardo J, Malheiro I, Videira RA, Valentão P, Santos AC, Veiga F, Andrade PB. Trichilia catigua and Turnera diffusa extracts: In vitro inhibition of tyrosinase, antiglycation activity and effects on enzymes and pathways engaged in the neuroinflammatory process. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113865. [PMID: 33485975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flavonoids interact with multiple targets in Central Nervous System resulting in a broad neuroprotection mediated by complementary processes and synergic interactions. Therefore, flavonoid-based therapies may input positive outcomes in the prevention and early management of neurodegenerative diseases. In Brazilian folk medicine Trichilia catigua is used for its neuroactive properties, such as neurostimulant, antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory, while Turnera diffusa is traditionally used as a tonic in neurasthenia. Both species are known to be rich in flavonoids. AIM OF THE STUDY To study aqueous extracts of T. catigua and T. diffusa in terms of their antioxidant and antiglycation effects, inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and interaction with enzymes and pathways engaged in neuroinflammation. Moreover, whenever possible, to establish a relationship between the studied activities and the traditional usage of the species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenolic profiles of the aqueous extracts were validated by HPLC-DAD. The effect of the extracts over mushroom tyrosinase and 5-lipoxygenase activities, as well as their capacity to impair bovine serum albumin glycation, were assessed by in vitro assays. The anti-neuroinflammatory potential of the same extracts was evaluated by their capacity to mitigate the pro-inflammatory stimulus induced in BV-2 microglia cells by interferon-gamma. RESULTS T. catigua extract, a rich mixture of phenolic acids, catechins and flavonolignans, excels by its ability to decrease lipid peroxidation (EC50 = 227.18 ± 9.04 μg/mL), and to work as anti-glycation agent, and inhibitor of both tyrosinase and 5-lipoxigenase (IC50 = 358.84 ± 19.05 and 56.25 ± 14.53 μg/mL, respectively). However, only T. diffusa extract, mainly composed by luteolin derivatives, is able to lower NO production by BV-2 microglia cells stimulated with interferon-gamma, despite its lower activities in the other assays. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this work highlights the value of medicinal plant extracts as sources of bioactive flavonoid-rich extracts with neuroactive effects. Furthermore, these results support their application as alternative strategies to develop functional foods and therapeutics to fight chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bernardo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Malheiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo Das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Veiga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo Das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Zarghi A. Lipoxygenase Inhibitors as Cancer Chemopreventives: Discovery, Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1143-1175. [PMID: 31820690 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191210104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes (LTs) constitute a bioactive group of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) metabolites molded by the enzymatic activity of lipoxygenase (LO) and have a pivotal role in inflammation and allergy. Evidence is accumulating both by in vitro cell culture experiments and animal tumor model studies in support of the direct involvement of aberrant metabolism of arachidonic acid (ACD) in the development of several types of human cancers such as lung, prostate, pancreatic and colorectal malignancies. Several independent experimental data suggest a correlation between tumoral cells viability and LO gene expression, especially, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Overexpressed 5-LO cells live longer, proliferate faster, invade more effectively through extracellular matrix destruction and activate the anti-apoptotic signaling mechanisms more intensively compared to the normal counterparts. Thus, some groups of lipoxygenase inhibitors may be effective as promising chemopreventive agents. METHODS A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature regarding the role of LO in the pathogenesis of cancer was performed. The characteristics of screened papers were summarized and the latest advances focused on the discovery of new LO inhibitors as anticancer agents were discussed. RESULTS More than 180 papers were included and summarized in this review; the majority was about the newly designed and synthesized 5-LO inhibitors as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. The enzyme's structure, 5-LO pathway, 5-LO inhibitors structure-activity relationships as well as the correlation between these drugs and a number of most prevalent human cancers were described. In most cases, it has been emphasized that dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase (COX-2/5-LO) or dual 5-lipoxygenase/microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (5-LO/mPGES-1) inhibitors possess considerable inhibitory activities against their target enzymes as well as potent antiproliferative effects. Several papers disclosing 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) antagonists as a new group of 5-LO activity regulators are also subject to this review. Also, the potential of 12-lipoxygenase (12- LO) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) inhibitors as chemopreventive agents was outlined to expand the scope of new anticancer agents discovery. Some peptides and peptidomimetics with anti-LT activities were described as well. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors and their adverse effects were discussed and some novel series of natural-product-derived inhibitors of LO was also discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review gives insights into the novel lipoxygenase inhibitors with anticancer activity as well as the different molecular pharmacological strategies to inhibit the enzyme effectively. The findings confirm that certain groups of LO inhibitors could act as promising chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lipoxygenase catalyzed metabolites derived from docosahexaenoic acid are promising antitumor agents against breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:410. [PMID: 33431978 PMCID: PMC7801725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to inhibit breast cancer in the rat. Here we investigated whether DHA itself or select metabolites can account for its antitumor action. We focused on metabolites derived from the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway since we previously showed that they were superior anti-proliferating agents compared to DHA; 4-OXO-DHA was the most potent. A lipidomics approach detected several LOX-metabolites in plasma and the mammary gland in rats fed DHA; we also identified for the first time, 4-OXO-DHA in rat plasma. In a reporter assay, 4-OXO-DHA and 4-HDHA were more effective activators of PPARɣ than DHA. In breast cancer cell lines, 4-OXO-DHA induced PPARɣ and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) but inhibited the activity of NF-κB and suppressed PI3K and mTOR signaling. Because of the structural characteristics of 4-OXO-DHA (Michael acceptor), not shared by any of the other hydroxylated-DHA, we used MS and showed that it can covalently modify the cysteine residue of NF-κB. We have also shown that the chemopreventive effect of DHA is associated with significant reduction of PGE2 levels, in both rat mammary tumors induced by MNU and non-involved mammary tissues. Collectively, our results indicate that 4-OXO-DHA is the metabolite of choice in future chemoprevention studies.
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Siddiqui A, Akhtar S, Shah Z, Othman I, Kumari Y. Inflammation Drives Alzheimer's Disease: Emphasis on 5-lipoxygenase Pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:885-895. [PMID: 32972344 PMCID: PMC8686299 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200924122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a known fact that inflammation affects several physiological processes, including the functioning of the central nervous system. Additionally, impairment of lipid mechanisms/pathways have been associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of them. However, much attention has been given to the link between tau and beta- amyloid hypothesis in AD pathogenesis/prognosis. Increasing evidences suggest that biologically active lipid molecules could influence the pathophysiology of AD via a different mechanism of inflammation. This review intends to highlight the role of inflammatory responses in the context of AD with the emphasis on biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase (5- LO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha-21974, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 43614, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Balakrishnan J, Kannan S, Govindasamy A. Structured form of DHA prevents neurodegenerative disorders: A better insight into the pathophysiology and the mechanism of DHA transport to the brain. Nutr Res 2020; 85:119-134. [PMID: 33482601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the most important fatty acids that plays a critical role in maintaining proper brain function and cognitive development. Deficiency of DHA leads to several neurodegenerative disorders and, therefore, dietary supplementations of these fatty acids are essential to maintain cognitive health. However, the complete picture of how DHA is incorporated into the brain is yet to be explored. In general, the de novo synthesis of DHA is poor, and targeting the brain with specific phospholipid carriers provides novel insights into the process of reduction of disease progression. Recent studies have suggested that compared to triacylglycerol form of DHA, esterified form of DHA (i.e., lysophosphatidylcholine [lysoPC]) is better incorporated into the brain. Free DHA is transported across the outer membrane leaflet of the blood-brain barrier via APOE4 receptors, whereas DHA-lysoPC is transported across the inner membrane leaflet of the blood-brain barrier via a specific protein called Mfsd2a. Dietary supplementation of this lysoPC specific form of DHA is a novel therapy and is used to decrease the risk of various neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, structured glycerides of DHA - novel nutraceutical agents - are being widely used for the prevention and treatment of various neurological diseases. However, it is important to fully understand their metabolic regulation and mechanism of transportation to the brain. This article comprehensively reviews various studies that have evaluated the bioavailability of DHA, mechanisms of DHA transport, and role of DHA in preventing neurodegenerative disorders, which provides better insight into the pathophysiology of these disorders and use of structured DHA in improving neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India.
| | - Suganya Kannan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Ambujam Govindasamy
- Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal. Puducherry, India
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Abstract
Azolo[d]pyridazinone is a privileged structure and versatile pharmacophore whose derivatives are associated with diverse biological activities, in particular antidiabetic, antiasthmatic, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antidepressant and antimicrobial activities. The importance of this scaffold against some targets like PDE, COX and DPP-4 has been reviewed in detail previously. In the present review, we have summarized comprehensive information on azolo[d]pyridazinone derivatives investigated by many researchers for their diverse pharmacological activities, structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies since 2000. The review may lead scientists in the research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and pharmacology to the strategic design and development of azolo[d]pyridazinone-based drug candidates in the future.
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Kumar A, Behl T, Jamwal S, Kaur I, Sood A, Kumar P. Exploring the molecular approach of COX and LOX in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disorder. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9895-9912. [PMID: 33263931 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is well established biomarker for the major neurodegenerative like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Cytokines/chemokines excite phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases (COX), facilitating the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from membrane glycerophospholipids, in which the former is oxidized to produce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxane's), which intensify the neuroinflammatory events in the brain. Similarly, resolvins and neuroprotectins are the metabolized products of docosahexaenoic acid, which exert an inhibitory effect on the production of eicosanoids. Furthermore, an oxidized product of arachidonic acid, lipoxin, is generated via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, and contributes to the resolution of inflammation, along with anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, DHA and its lipid mediators inhibit neuroinflammatory responses by blocking NF-κB, inhibiting eicosanoid production, preventing cytokine secretion and regulating leukocyte trafficking. Various epidemiological studies reported, elevated levels of COX-2 enzyme in patients with AD and PD, indicating its role in progression of the disease. Similarly, enhanced levels of 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX in PD models represent their role brain disorders, where the former is expressed in AD patients and the latter exhibits it involvement in PD. The present review elaborates the role of AA, DHA, eicosanoids and docosanoids, along with COX and LOX pathway which provides an opportunity to the researchers to understand the role of these lipid mediators in neurological disorders (AD and PD). The information gathered from the review will aid in facilitating the development of appropriate therapeutic options targeting COX and LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Archit Sood
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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45
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Zhou R, Niu L, Hu Y, Qi Q, Huang W, Yang L. A novel dual-function fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of bisulfite and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 248:119226. [PMID: 33296749 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Hcy-OB, a novel hemicyanine-based biocompatible dual-function fluorescence probe for bisulfite and H2O2 detection is designed and synthesized. Based on a 1,4-addition reaction, Hcy-OB can be used for bisulfite detection with fast response, high sensitivity and low detection limit (120 nM). In addition, the probe is successfully applied to the detection of bisulfite in aqueous solution. Furthermore, Hcy-OB shows excellent performance for hydrogen peroxide detection with the oxidation of phenylboronic acid. Hcy-OB shows excellent selectivity to H2O2 over other interfering substances with detection limit of H2O2 is calculated to be 70 nM. Most importantly, due to its good cell membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, Hcy-OB has been applied to monitor and image H2O2 in living cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Longxing Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuefu Hu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qingrong Qi
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wencai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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46
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Sarparast M, Dattmore D, Alan J, Lee KSS. Cytochrome P450 Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3523. [PMID: 33207662 PMCID: PMC7696575 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population in the world, neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious public health issue that greatly impacts patients' quality of life and adds a huge economic burden. Even after decades of research, there is no effective curative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have become an emerging dietary medical intervention for health maintenance and treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research demonstrated that the oxidized metabolites, particularly the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, of PUFAs are beneficial to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; however, their mechanism(s) remains unclear. The endogenous levels of CYP metabolites are greatly affected by our diet, endogenous synthesis, and the downstream metabolism. While the activity of omega-3 (ω-3) CYP PUFA metabolites and omega-6 (ω-6) CYP PUFA metabolites largely overlap, the ω-3 CYP PUFA metabolites are more active in general. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings regarding the biosynthesis and metabolism of CYP PUFA metabolites. We will also discuss the potential mechanism(s) of CYP PUFA metabolites in neurodegeneration, which will ultimately improve our understanding of how PUFAs affect neurodegeneration and may identify potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Devon Dattmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jamie Alan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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47
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Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Kabir MT, Ahmad J, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM, Aleya L. Neuroprotective role of polyphenols against oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Huang L, McClatchy DB, Maher P, Liang Z, Diedrich JK, Soriano-Castell D, Goldberg J, Shokhirev M, Yates JR, Schubert D, Currais A. Intracellular amyloid toxicity induces oxytosis/ferroptosis regulated cell death. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:828. [PMID: 33024077 PMCID: PMC7538552 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates within neurons in the brains of early stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanism underlying its toxicity remains unclear. Here, a triple omics approach was used to integrate transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data collected from a nerve cell model of the toxic intracellular aggregation of Aβ. It was found that intracellular Aβ induces profound changes in the omics landscape of nerve cells that are associated with a pro-inflammatory, metabolic reprogramming that predisposes cells to die via the oxytosis/ferroptosis regulated cell death pathway. Notably, the degenerative process included substantial alterations in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our findings have implications for the understanding of the basic biology of proteotoxicity, aging, and AD as well as for the development of future therapeutic interventions designed to target the oxytosis/ferroptosis regulated cell death pathway in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David Soriano-Castell
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joshua Goldberg
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Shokhirev
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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49
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Computational analysis of eugenol inhibitory activity in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16204. [PMID: 33004893 PMCID: PMC7530671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is triggered by numerous diseases such as osteoarthritis, Crohn's disease and cancer. The control of the pro-inflammatory process can prevent, mitigate and/or inhibit the evolution of these diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs have been studied as possible compounds to act in these diseases. This paper proposes a computational analysis of eugenol in relation to aspirin and diclofenac and analyzing the ADMET profile and interactions with COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes, important enzymes in the signaling pathway of pro-inflammatory processes. Through the analysis of ADMET in silico, it was found that the pharmacokinetic results of eugenol are similar to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac and aspirin. Bioinformatics analysis using coupling tests showed that eugenol can bind to COX-2 and 5-LOX. These results corroborate with different findings in the literature that demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity with less gastric irritation, bleeding and ulcerogenic side effects of eugenol. The results of bioinformatics reinforce studies that try to propose eugenol as an anti-inflammatory compound that can act in the COX-2/5-LOX pathways, replacing some NSAIDs in different diseases.
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50
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Zhang C, He M, Ni L, He K, Su K, Deng Y, Li Y, Xia H. The Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:255-265. [PMID: 32623640 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with myocardial ischemic diseases or who are undergoing one of various heart treatments, such as open heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary artery intervention or drug thrombolysis, face myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, no effective treatment is currently available for MIRI. To improve the prognosis of people with cardiovascular disease, it is important to research the mechanism of MIRI. Arachidonic acid (AA) is one of the focuses of current research. The various metabolic pathways of AA are closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, and the roles of various metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury have gradually been confirmed. AA is mainly metabolized in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) pathway. This paper summarizes the progress of research on these three major AA metabolic pathways with respect to MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Meiling He
- Department of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 420100, PR China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Yinzhi Deng
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China.
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, PR China.
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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