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Xu T, Wang J, Liu X, Xiang R, Li H, Wang S, Yang J, Xu M. FAM3A Deficiency - Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Underlies Post-Infarct Mortality and Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:104-120. [PMID: 37014466 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein sequence similarity 3 gene family member A (FAM3A) plays important roles in the electron transfer chain, while its functions in the heart are still unknown. This study aims to explore the roles and mechanisms of FAM3A after myocardial infarction (MI). FAM3A-deficient (Fam3a-/-) mice were implemented with MI injury and showed lower survival rates at 4 weeks as well as decreased cardiac systolic function. Isolated cardiomyocytes of Fam3a-/- mice showed reduced basal, ATP-linked respiration and respiratory reserve compared to that of wild-type mice. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed Fam3a-/- mice had a larger size and elevated density of mitochondria. FAM3A deficiency also induced elevated mitochondrial Ca2+, higher opening level of mPTP, lower mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated apoptotic rates. Further analyses demonstrated that mitochondrial dynamics protein Opa1 contributed to the effects of FAM3A in cardiomyocytes. Our study discloses the important roles of mitochondrial protein FAM3A in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-Coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Houhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-Coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Guo J, Wang H, Li Y, Zhu S, Hu H, Gu Z. Nanotechnology in coronary heart disease. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:37-67. [PMID: 37714246 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among older populations. Conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have limitations such as low sensitivity, high cost and side effects. Nanotechnology offers promising alternative strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD by exploiting the unique properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we use bibliometric analysis to identify research hotspots in the application of nanotechnology in CHD and provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art. Nanomaterials with enhanced imaging and biosensing capabilities can improve the early detection of CHD through advanced contrast agents and high-resolution imaging techniques. Moreover, nanomaterials can facilitate targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering and modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, thus addressing multiple aspects of CHD pathophysiology. We discuss the application of nanotechnology in CHD diagnosis (imaging and sensors) and treatment (regulation of macrophages, cardiac repair, anti-oxidative stress), and provide insights into future research directions and clinical translation. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to harness the potential of nanotechnology in the management of CHD. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the one of leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Nanotechnology offers new strategies for diagnosing and treating CHD by exploiting the unique properties of nanomaterials. This review uses bibliometric analysis to uncover research trends in the use of nanotechnology for CHD. We discuss the potential of nanomaterials for early CHD detection through advanced imaging and biosensing, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. We also offer insights into future research directions and potential clinical applications. This work aims to guide researchers and clinicians in leveraging nanotechnology to improve CHD patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Guo
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano-safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China.
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano-safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Khare P, Conway JF, S Manickam D. Lipidoid nanoparticles increase ATP uptake into hypoxic brain endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sahoo RK, Singh H, Thakur K, Gupta U, Goyal AK. Theranostic Applications of Nanomaterials in the Field of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:91-103. [PMID: 34218771 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210701154305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A large percentage of people are being exposed to mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Convention approaches have not provided satisfactory outcomes in the management of these diseases. To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches, nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanotubes, micelles, lipid based nanocarriers, dendrimers, carbon based nano-formulations represent the new aspect of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The unique inherent properties of the nanomaterials are the major reasons for their rapidly growing demand in the field of medicine. Profound knowledge in the field of nanotechnology and biomedicine is needed for the notable translation of nanomaterials into theranostic cardiovascular applications. In this review, the authors have summarized different nanomaterials which are being extensively used to diagnose and treat the diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Himani Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Kamlesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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Nanostructured Polymeric, Liposomal and Other Materials to Control the Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121160. [PMID: 33260547 PMCID: PMC7760553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year, representing one third of global mortality. As existing therapies still have limited success, due to the inability to control the biodistribution of the currently approved drugs, the quality of life of these patients is modest. The advent of nanomedicine has brought new insights in innovative treatment strategies. For this reason, several novel nanotechnologies have been developed for both targeted and prolonged delivery of therapeutics to the cardiovascular system tο minimize side effects. In this regard, nanoparticles made of natural and/or synthetic nanomaterials, like liposomes, polymers or inorganic materials, are emerging alternatives for the encapsulation of already approved drugs to control their delivery in a targeted way. Therefore, nanomedicine has attracted the attention of the scientific community as a potential platform to deliver therapeutics to the injured heart. In this review, we discuss the current types of biomaterials that have been investigated as potential therapeutic interventions for CVDs as they open up a host of possibilities for more targeted and effective therapies, as well as minimally invasive treatments.
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Rouquette M, Lepetre-Mouelhi S, Couvreur P. Adenosine and lipids: A forced marriage or a love match? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:233-244. [PMID: 30797954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a fascinating compound, crucial in many biochemical processes: this ubiquitous nucleoside serves as an essential building block of RNA, is also a component of ATP and regulates numerous pathophysiological mechanisms via binding to four extracellular receptors. Due to its hydrophilic nature, it belongs to a different world than lipids, and has no affinity for them. Since the 1970's, however, new discoveries have emerged and prompted the scientific community to associate adenosine with the lipid family, especially via liposomal preparations and bioconjugation. This seems to be an arranged marriage, but could it turn into a true love match? This review considered all types of unions established between adenosine and lipids. Even though exciting supramolecular structures were observed with adenosine-lipid conjugates, as well as with liposomal preparations which resulted in promising pre-clinical results, the translation of these technologies to the clinic is still limited.
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Forte E, Furtado MB, Rosenthal N. The interstitium in cardiac repair: role of the immune-stromal cell interplay. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:601-616. [PMID: 30181596 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration, that is, restoration of the original structure and function in a damaged heart, differs from tissue repair, in which collagen deposition and scar formation often lead to functional impairment. In both scenarios, the early-onset inflammatory response is essential to clear damaged cardiac cells and initiate organ repair, but the quality and extent of the immune response vary. Immune cells embedded in the damaged heart tissue sense and modulate inflammation through a dynamic interplay with stromal cells in the cardiac interstitium, which either leads to recapitulation of cardiac morphology by rebuilding functional scaffolds to support muscle regrowth in regenerative organisms or fails to resolve the inflammatory response and produces fibrotic scar tissue in adult mammals. Current investigation into the mechanistic basis of homeostasis and restoration of cardiac function has increasingly shifted focus away from stem cell-mediated cardiac repair towards a dynamic interplay of cells composing the less-studied interstitial compartment of the heart, offering unexpected insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial components and the complex network of cell interactions that must be considered for clinical intervention in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK.
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8
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Gupta P, Garcia E, Sarkar A, Kapoor S, Rafiq K, Chand HS, Jayant RD. Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:33-44. [PMID: 29737265 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained increased attention for delivering therapeutic agents effectively to the cardiovascular system. Heart targeted nanocarrier based drug delivery is a new, effective and efficacious approach for treating various cardiac related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Nanocarrier based drug delivery system circumvents the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects and damage to the normal cells. Modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers such as size, shape and surface modifications can immensely alter its invivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and will provide better treatment strategy. Several nanocarriers such as lipid, phospholipid nanoparticles have been developed for delivering drugs to the target sites within the heart. This review summarizes and increases the understanding of the advanced nanosized drug delivery systems for treating cardiovascular disorders with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Evelyn Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumit Kapoor
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., 11800 SW 147th Ave, Miami, FL-33196, United States
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, McMurry HS, Kay SIS, Sutherland KJ, Nicole L, Mittal J, Jayant RD. Recent treatment modalities for cardiovascular diseases with a focus on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes and nanomedicine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:831-840. [PMID: 29447002 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1436555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the significant impact of CVD on humans, there is a need to develop novel treatment modalities tailored to major classes of cardiac diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, valvular disease and inflammatory diseases. In this article, we discuss recent advancements regarding development of therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes, drug-eluting and dissolvable stents, immunotherapy and nanomedicine for the treatment of CVD. We summarize current research and clinical advances in cardiovascular therapeutics, with a focus on therapies that move beyond current oral- or sublingual-based regimens. This review article provides insight into current research and future treatment strategies that hold a great relevance for future clinical practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- b Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine , Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale , FL , USA
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Lin Nicole
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- c Department of Immunology , Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA
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Shao M, Yang W, Han G. Protective effects on myocardial infarction model: delivery of schisandrin B using matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive peptide-modified, PEGylated lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7121-7130. [PMID: 29026305 PMCID: PMC5627750 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Schisandrin B (Sch B) is clinically applied for the treatment of hepatitis and ischemic disease. However, its clinical efficacy is limited due to the poor solubility and low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive peptide-modified, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified (PEGylated) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for loading Sch B (MMP-Sch B SLNs), and to evaluate the therapeutic effect in the myocardial infarction model. Methods PEG lipid and MMP-targeting peptide conjugate were synthesized. MMP-Sch B SLNs were prepared by solvent displacement technique. The physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of SLNs were investigated. In vivo effects on infarct size was evaluated in rats. Results The successful synthesis of lipid-peptide conjugate was confirmed. MMP-Sch B SLNs had a particle size of 130 nm, a zeta potential of 18.3 mV, and a sustained-release behavior. Higher heart drug concentration and longer blood circulation times were achieved by Sch B loaded SLNs than the drug solution according to the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution results. The best therapeutic efficacy was exhibited by MMP-Sch B SLNs by reducing the infarction size to the greatest extent. Conclusion The modified SLNs may be a good choice for delivery of Sch B for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi Hot Spring Hospital of Shandong Coal Mine, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Han
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Suarez S, Almutairi A, Christman KL. Micro- and Nanoparticles for Treating Cardiovascular Disease. Biomater Sci 2016; 3:564-80. [PMID: 26146548 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), afflicts millions of people in Unites States. Current therapies are insufficient to restore blood flow and repair the injured heart or skeletal muscle, respectively, which is subjected to ischemic damage following vessel occlusion. Micro- and nano-particles are being designed as delivery vehicles for growth factors, enzymes and/or small molecules to provide a sustained therapeutic stimulus at the injured tissue. Depending on the formulation, the particles can be injected directly into the heart or skeletal muscle, or accumulate at the site of injury following an intravenous injection. In this article we review existing particle based therapies for treating MI and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suarez
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - A Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and KACST UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - K L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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Zhang S, Wang J, Pan J. Baicalin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles: characterization, pharmacokinetics, and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3696-3703. [PMID: 27749105 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1223218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, P. R. China
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Choi YS, Cho DY, Lee HK, Cho JK, Lee DH, Bae YH, Lee JK, Kang HC. Enhanced cell survival of pH-sensitive bioenergetic nucleotide nanoparticles in energy/oxygen-depleted cells and their intranasal delivery for reduced brain infarction. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:147-60. [PMID: 27245429 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nucleotides (NTs) (e.g., adenosine triphosphate) are very important molecules in the body. They generate bioenergy through phosphate group release, are involved in various biological processes, and are used to treat various diseases that involve energy depletion. However, their highly anionic characteristics might limit delivery of exogenous NTs into the cell, which is required to realize their functions as bioenergy sources. In this study, ionic complexation between Ca(2+) and NT phosphates was used to form Ca(2+)/NT nanocomplexes (NCs), and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI1.8kDa) was coated on the surface of Ca(2+)/NT NCs via a simple electrostatic coating. The resultant Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs were approximately 10-25nm in size and had positive zeta-potentials, and their NT loading efficiency and content were approximately 60-75% and 10-20 wt%, respectively. Faster NT release from Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs was induced by lower pH and by NTs with fewer phosphates. Reductions in cell viability in response to low temperature, serum deprivation, or hypoxia were recovered by NT delivery in Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs. In a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced post-ischemic rat model, the BBB (blood brain barrier)-detoured intranasal administration of Ca(2+)/ATP/bPEI1.8kDa NCs induced a better reduction in infarct volume and neurological deficits than did free ATP. In conclusion, intracellular NT delivery using Ca(2+)/NT/bPEI1.8kDa NCs might potentially enhance cell survival and reduce infarction in energy-/oxygen-depleted environments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study describes bioenergetic nucleotide delivery systems and their preparation, physicochemical characterization, and biological characterization both in vitro and in vivo. Nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), are very important signaling and energy molecules in the body. However, research on these nucleotides using nanosized carriers has been very limited. Liposomal ATP delivery has been reported in heart and renal ischemia studies. Notably, although this delivery system has potential in energy-depleted environments (e.g., low temperature, serum deprivation, and hypoxia) and in brain ischemia, studies are lacking regarding these systems. Thus, we designed polycation-shielded Ca(2+)/nucleotide nanocomplexes using simple mixing, which produced 10- to 25-nm-sized particles. The nanocomplexes released nucleotides in response to acidic pH, and they enhanced cell survival rates under conditions of low temperature, serum deprivation, or hypoxia. Importantly, the nanocomplexes reduced cerebral infarct volumes in a post-ischemic rat model. Thus, our study demonstrates that a novel nucleotide nanocomplex could have potential for preventing or treating diseases that involve energy depletion, such as cardiac, cerebral, and retinal ischemia, and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Youl Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Inha Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyo Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea; Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, 9 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, 9 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Rm 2972, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Inha Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Di Mauro V, Iafisco M, Salvarani N, Vacchiano M, Carullo P, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Patrício T, Tampieri A, Miragoli M, Catalucci D. Bioinspired negatively charged calcium phosphate nanocarriers for cardiac delivery of MicroRNAs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:891-906. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop biocompatible and bioresorbable negatively charged calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) as an innovative therapeutic system for the delivery of bioactive molecules to the heart. Materials & methods: CaP-NPs were synthesized via a straightforward one-pot biomineralization-inspired protocol employing citrate as a stabilizing agent and regulator of crystal growth. CaP-NPs were administered to cardiac cells in vitro and effects of treatments were assessed. CaP-NPs were administered in vivo and delivery of microRNAs was evaluated. Results: CaP-NPs efficiently internalized into cardiomyocytes without promoting toxicity or interfering with any functional properties. CaP-NPs successfully encapsulated synthetic microRNAs, which were efficiently delivered into cardiac cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CaP-NPs are a safe and efficient drug-delivery system for potential therapeutic treatments of polarized cells such as cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Di Mauro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano (MI) 20089, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science & Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC) 48018 Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Nicolò Salvarani
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano (MI) 20089, Italy
| | - Marco Vacchiano
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano (MI) 20089, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Patrício
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science & Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC) 48018 Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Science & Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC) 48018 Faenza (RA), Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano (MI) 20089, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetics & Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Milan 20138, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical & Research Center, Rozzano (MI) 20089, Italy
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15
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Wang L, Yao C, Wu F, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Targeting delivery of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide to ischemic/reperfused rat myocardium by long-circulating macromolecular and liposomal carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5729-37. [PMID: 26425081 PMCID: PMC4583551 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s89445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to ischemic myocardium is an enormous challenge. This work aimed to characterize cardiac delivery behaviors of mono-polyethylene glycosylated (PEGylated) conjugates and long-circulating liposomes (L-Lps) with Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) as drug. The results showed that compared to native ROP, 32-, 52-, and 45-fold increases in blood half-life were achieved by 20-kDa PEG mono-modified ROP (P20k-R), 40-kDa PEG mono-modified ROP (P40k-R), and ROP-loaded L-Lp, respectively. With comparable blood pharmacokinetics, ROP-loaded L-Lp showed both significantly higher targeting efficacy and drug exposure in infarcted myocardium than P40k-R. With regard to P20k-R, both its targeting efficacy and its level in infarcted myocardium at 3 hours postdose were comparable to P40k-R, but its level in blood and myocardium reduced obviously faster. As a whole, the results indicate that both loading in L-Lps and mono-PEGylation are effective in targeting drug to ischemic myocardium, but the former appears to induce stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiNa Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunXia Yao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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16
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Cho H, Lee YJ, Bae YH, Kang HC. Synthetic polynucleotides as endosomolytic agents and bioenergy sources. J Control Release 2015; 216:30-6. [PMID: 26271546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides (NTs), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), are signaling and bioenergy molecules to mediate a range of cellular pathways. We recently reported their significant endosomolytic activity. To evaluate whether polymeric NTs keep endosomolytic and bioenergetic functions of NTs in drug delivery and cell survival, NTs were polymerized by a coupling reaction to form polynucleotides (pNTs: pATP and pGTP) with their molecular weights around 500kDa. The cellular toxicity, indicated by IC50, of pNT was as low as that of corresponding monomeric NT. pNTs were degraded by an intracellular enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. Introduction of pNTs in a polycation-gene complex (polyplex) enhanced the extent of gene expression in cancerous, non-cancerous, and stem cells, up to 1500-fold higher than that of pNT-free polyplex. In addition, cells stored in a pATP solution resulted in a significantly higher survival rate (e.g., up to 20% increase) when exposed to low temperatures than pATP-free solution. The presence of pNT in polyplexes prevented the reduction of transfection efficiency induced by a low temperature. The findings in this study suggest that endosomolytic and bioenergetic pNTs serve as a non-toxic gene carrier component and protect cells from a cold shock or energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Utah, 30S 2000 E, Rm 2972, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah-Inha Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) and Advanced Therapeutics Research Center, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Maléth J, Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z, Venglovecz V. Breakdown of bioenergetics evoked by mitochondrial damage in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and consequences. Pancreatology 2015; 15:S18-22. [PMID: 26162756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a severe inflammatory disease with unacceptably high mortality and without specific therapy. Clinical studies revealed that energy supplementation of patients via enteral feeding decreases systemic infections, multi-organ failure and mortality. These clinical observations have been supported by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies which showed that the most common pancreatitis inducing factors, such as bile acids, ethanol and non-oxidative ethanol metabolites induce intracellular ATP depletion and mitochondrial damage both in pancreatic acinar and ductal cells. Notably, the in vitro supplementation of ATP prevented the cellular damage and restored cell functions in both cell types. These observations suggest that either prevention of mitochondrial damage or restoration of intracellular ATP level might provide therapeutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendulet Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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18
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Nguyen J, Sievers R, Motion JPM, Kivimäe S, Fang Q, Lee RJ. Delivery of Lipid Micelles into Infarcted Myocardium Using a Lipid-Linked Matrix Metalloproteinase Targeting Peptide. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1150-7. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500653y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Nguyen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Richard Sievers
- Department
of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Institute of Regeneration
Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - J. P. Michael Motion
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Saul Kivimäe
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Department
of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Institute of Regeneration
Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department
of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Institute of Regeneration
Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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19
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Yao C, Shi X, Lin X, Shen L, Xu D, Feng Y. Increased cardiac distribution of mono-PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in both myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:409-18. [PMID: 25609953 PMCID: PMC4298336 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although PEGylation plays an important role in drug delivery, knowledge about the distribution behavior of PEGylated drugs in ischemic myocardia is rather limited compared to nanoparticles. This work therefore aims to characterize the targeting behavior of the anti-myocardial ischemic mono-PEGylated conjugates of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) in two clinically relevant animal models, ie, the myocardial infarction (MI) model and the ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. To determine the effect of the molecular size of conjugates, two representative conjugates (20- and 40-kDa polyethylene glycol mono-modified ROPs), with hydrodynamic size being approximately and somewhat beyond 10 nm, respectively, were studied in parallel at three time points postdose after a method for determining them quantitatively in biosamples was established. The results showed that the cardiac distribution of the two conjugates was significantly enhanced in both MI and IR rats due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect induced by ischemia. In general, the cardiac targeting efficacy of the conjugates in MI and IR rats was approximately 2; however, different changing in targeting efficacy with time was observed between MI and IR rats and also between the conjugates. Although the enhanced permeability and retention effect-based targeting efficacy for mono-PEGylated ROPs was not high, they, as dissolved macromolecules, are prone to diffusion in the cardiac interstitium space, and thus, facilitate the drug to reach perfusion-deficient and nonperfused areas. These findings are helpful in choosing the cardiac targeting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunXia Yao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Shi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - DeSheng Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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20
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Bellera N, Barba I, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Ferret E, Asín MA, Gonzalez-Alujas MT, Pérez-Rodon J, Esteves M, Fonseca C, Toran N, Garcia Del Blanco B, Pérez A, Garcia-Dorado D. Single intracoronary injection of encapsulated antagomir-92a promotes angiogenesis and prevents adverse infarct remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000946. [PMID: 25240056 PMCID: PMC4323815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Small and large preclinical animal models have shown that antagomir‐92a‐based therapy reduces early postischemic loss of function, but its effect on postinfarction remodeling is not known. In addition, the reported remote miR‐92a inhibition in noncardiac organs prevents the translation of nonvectorized miR‐targeted therapy to the clinical setting. We investigated whether a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in microspheres could prevent deleterious remodeling of myocardium 1 month after acute myocardial infarction AUTHOR: Should “acute” be added before “myocardial infarction” (since abbreviation is AMI)? Also check at first mention in main text (AMI) without adverse effects. Methods and Results In a percutaneous pig model of reperfused AMI, a single intracoronary administration of antagomir‐92a encapsulated in specific microspheres (9 μm poly‐d,‐lactide‐co‐glycolide [PLGA]) inhibited miR‐92a in a local, selective, and sustained manner (n=3 pigs euthanized 1, 3, and 10 days after treatment; 8×, 2×, and 5×‐fold inhibition at 1, 3, and 10 days). Downregulation of miR‐92a resulted in significant vessel growth (n=27 adult minipigs randomly allocated to blind receive encapsulated antagomir‐92a, encapsulated placebo, or saline [n=8, 9, 9]; P=0.001), reduced regional wall‐motion dysfunction (P=0.03), and prevented adverse remodeling in the infarct area 1 month after injury (P=0.03). Intracoronary injection of microspheres had no significant adverse effect in downstream myocardium in healthy pigs (n=2), and fluorescein isothiocyanate albumin‐PLGA microspheres were not found in myocardium outside the left anterior descending coronary artery territory (n=4) or in other organs (n=2). Conclusions Early single intracoronary administration of encapsulated antagomir‐92a in an adult pig model of reperfused AMI prevents left ventricular remodeling with no local or distant adverse effects, emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to translate to patients who suffer a large AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Bellera
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.) Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Ignasi Barba
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.)
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.)
| | - Eulalia Ferret
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - Miguel Angel Asín
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - M Teresa Gonzalez-Alujas
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Jordi Pérez-Rodon
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Marielle Esteves
- Department of Animal Housing, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.E., C.F.)
| | - Carla Fonseca
- Department of Animal Housing, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.E., C.F.)
| | - Nuria Toran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.T.)
| | - Bruno Garcia Del Blanco
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
| | - Amadeo Pérez
- I+D Pierre-Fabre Ibérica S.A., Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain (E.F., M.A.A., A.)
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Cardiocirculatory Pathology, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., I.B., A.R.S., D.G.D.) Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (N.B., T.G.A., J.R., B.G.B., D.G.D.)
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21
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Atchison N, Swindlehurst G, Papas KK, Tsapatsis M, Kokkoli E. Maintenance of ischemic β cell viability through delivery of lipids and ATP by targeted liposomes. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:548-559. [PMID: 24653833 PMCID: PMC3955996 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, but despite the successes, existing challenges prevent widespread application. Ischemia, occurring during pancreas preservation and isolation, as well as after islet transplantation, decreases islet viability and function. We hypothesized that the liposomal delivery of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could prevent the loss of cell viability during an ischemic insult. In this work we use a model β cell line, INS-1 to probe the liposome/cell interactions and examined the ability of liposomes functionalized with the fibronectin-mimetic peptide PR_b to facilitate the delivery of ATP to ischemic β cells. We demonstrate that PR_b increases the binding and internalization of liposomes to the β cells. Unexpectedly, when comparing the ability of PR_b liposomes with and without ATP to protect INS-1 cells from ischemia we found that both formulations increased cell survival. By probing the functional activity of ischemic cells treated with PR_b functionalized liposomes with and without ATP we find that both lipids and ATP play a role in maintaining cell metabolic activity after an ischemic insult and preventing cell necrosis. This approach may be beneficial for preventing ischemia related damage to islet cells, especially in the organ preservation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Garrett Swindlehurst
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Fax: 612- 626-7246; Tel: 612-626-1185
| | | | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Fax: 612- 626-7246; Tel: 612-626-1185
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Fax: 612- 626-7246; Tel: 612-626-1185
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22
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Geelen T, Paulis LE, Coolen BF, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Passive targeting of lipid-based nanoparticles to mouse cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:117-26. [PMID: 23281284 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy is commonly applied after a myocardial infarction. Reperfusion, however, causes secondary damage. An emerging approach for treatment of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury involves the delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles to the myocardium to promote cell survival and constructively influence scar formation and myocardial remodeling. The aim of this study was to provide detailed understanding of the in vivo accumulation and distribution kinetics of lipid-based nanoparticles (micelles and liposomes) in a mouse model of acute and chronic IR injury. Both micelles and liposomes contained paramagnetic and fluorescent lipids and could therefore be visualized with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In acute IR injury both types of nanoparticles accumulated massively and specifically in the infarcted myocardium as revealed by MRI and CLSM. Micelles displayed faster accumulation kinetics, probably owing to their smaller size. Liposomes occasionally co-localized with vessels and inflammatory cells. In chronic IR injury only minor accumulation of micelles was observed with MRI. Nevertheless, CLSM revealed specific accumulation of both micelles and liposomes in the infarct area 3 h after administration. Owing to their specific accumulation in the infarcted myocardium, lipid-based micelles and liposomes are promising vehicles for (visualization of) drug delivery in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Geelen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Maléth J, Rakonczay Z, Venglovecz V, Dolman NJ, Hegyi P. Central role of mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:226-35. [PMID: 23167280 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease with no specific treatment. One of the main reasons behind the lack of specific therapy is that the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is poorly understood. During the development of acute pancreatitis, the disease-inducing factors can damage both cell types of the exocrine pancreas, namely the acinar and ductal cells. Because damage of either of the cell types can contribute to the inflammation, it is crucial to find common intracellular mechanisms that can be targeted by pharmacological therapies. Despite the many differences, recent studies revealed that the most common factors that induce pancreatitis cause mitochondrial damage with the consequent breakdown of bioenergetics, that is, ATP depletion in both cell types. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of mitochondrial function and damage within both pancreatic acinar and ductal cells. We also suggest that colloidal ATP delivery systems for pancreatic energy supply may be able to protect acinar and ductal cells from cellular damage in the early phase of the disease. An effective energy delivery system combined with the prevention of further mitochondrial damage may, for the first time, open up the possibility of pharmacological therapy for acute pancreatitis, leading to reduced disease severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Maléth
- First Department of Medicine; University of Szeged; Szeged; Hungary
| | - Z. Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine; University of Szeged; Szeged; Hungary
| | - V. Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; University of Szeged; Szeged; Hungary
| | - N. J. Dolman
- Molecular Probes Labelling and Detection Technologies; Life Technologies Corporation; Eugene; OR; USA
| | - P. Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine; University of Szeged; Szeged; Hungary
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24
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Levchenko TS, Hartner WC, Torchilin VP. Liposomes in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2012; 8:36-41. [PMID: 22891109 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-8-1-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S Levchenko
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Geelen T, Yeo SY, Paulis LEM, Starmans LWE, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Internalization of paramagnetic phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes by macrophages. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:37. [PMID: 22929153 PMCID: PMC3495836 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important role in many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological conditions and oncology, and is considered an important predictor for disease progression and outcome. In vivo imaging of inflammatory cells will improve diagnosis and provide a read-out for therapy efficacy. Paramagnetic phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing liposomes were developed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confocal microscopy imaging of macrophages. These nanoparticles also provide a platform to combine imaging with targeted drug delivery. Results Incorporation of PS into liposomes did not affect liposomal size and morphology up to 12 mol% of PS. Liposomes containing 6 mol% of PS showed the highest uptake by murine macrophages, while only minor uptake was observed in endothelial cells. Uptake of liposomes containing 6 mol% of PS was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Furthermore, these 6 mol% PS-containing liposomes were mainly internalized into macrophages, whereas liposomes without PS only bound to the macrophage cell membrane. Conclusions Paramagnetic liposomes containing 6 mol% of PS for MR imaging of macrophages have been developed. In vitro these liposomes showed specific internalization by macrophages. Therefore, these liposomes might be suitable for in vivo visualization of macrophage content and for (visualization of) targeted drug delivery to inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Geelen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, the Netherlands
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26
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Geelen T, Paulis LEM, Coolen BF, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Contrast-enhanced MRI of murine myocardial infarction - part I. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:953-968. [PMID: 22308108 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of contrast agents has added considerable value to the existing cardiac MRI toolbox that can be used to study murine myocardial infarction, as it enables detailed in vivo visualization of the molecular and cellular processes that occur in the infarcted and remote tissue. A variety of non-targeted and targeted contrast agents to study myocardial infarction are available and under development. Manganese, which acts as a calcium analogue, can be used to assess cell viability. Traditionally, low-molecular-weight Gd-containing contrast agents are employed to measure infarct size in a late gadolinium enhancement experiment. Gd-based blood-pool agents are used to study the vascular status of the myocardium. The use of targeted contrast agents facilitates more detailed imaging of pathophysiological processes in the acute and chronic infarct. Cell death was visualized by contrast agents functionalized with annexin A5 that binds specifically to phosphatidylserine accessible on dying cells and with an agent that binds to the exposed DNA of dead cells. Inflammation in the myocardium was depicted by contrast agents that target cell adhesion molecules expressed on activated endothelium, by contrast agents that are phagocytosed by inflammatory cells, and by using a probe that targets enzymes excreted by inflammatory cells. Cardiac remodeling processes were visualized with a contrast agent that binds to angiogenic vasculature and with an MR probe that specifically binds to collagen in the fibrotic myocardium. These recent advances in murine contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI have made a substantial contribution to the visualization of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling processes and the progression to heart failure, which helps to design new treatments. This review discusses the advances and challenges in the development and application of MRI contrast agents to study murine myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Geelen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
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Maldonado C, Pushpakumar SB, Perez-Abadia G, Arumugam S, Lane AN. Administration of exogenous adenosine triphosphate to ischemic skeletal muscle induces an energy-sparing effect: role of adenosine receptors. J Surg Res 2012; 181:e15-22. [PMID: 22795271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a devastating complication that occurs in allotransplantation and replantation of limbs. Over the years, several preservation strategies have been used to conserve the critical levels of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia to sustain the ion gradients across the membranes and thus the tissue viability. The administration of exogenous ATP to ischemic tissues is known to provide beneficial effects during reperfusion, but it is unclear whether it provides protection during ischemia. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ATP administration on high-energy phosphate levels in ischemic skeletal muscle and to examine the role of purinergic and adenosine receptors in mediating the response to exogenous ATP. METHODS The extensor digitorum longus muscles of Fischer rats were subjected to ischemia and treated with different concentrations of ATP with or without purinergic and adenosine receptor blockers. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the rate of decay of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and the formation of adenosine monophosphate and acidification. Phosphorylated compounds were analyzed using a simple model of energy metabolism, and the PCr half-life was used as an index of internal depletion of ATP to distinguish between intracellular and extracellular ATP. RESULTS PCr decay was rapid in all muscle groups and was followed by gradual ATP decay. The half-life of PCr was significantly longer in the ATP-treated muscles than in the vehicle controls and was maximally prolonged by treating with slow hydrolyzing adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate. Purinoceptor (P2X) blockade with ATP treatment significantly increased the half-life of PCr, and adenosine receptor blockers blunted the response. Administration of adenosine to ischemic muscles significantly increased the half-life of PCr compared with that in the vehicle controls. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous ATP administration to ischemic skeletal muscles appears to spare intracellular energy by acting primarily through adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
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Distribution of lipid-based nanoparticles to infarcted myocardium with potential application for MRI-monitored drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 162:276-85. [PMID: 22771978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction ultimately causes heart failure. To stimulate reparative processes in the infarct, efficient delivery and retention of therapeutic agents is desired. This might be achieved by encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to characterize the distribution pattern of differently sized long-circulating lipid-based nanoparticles, namely micelles (~15 nm) and liposomes (~100 nm), in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in mice (n=38) by permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery. Nanoparticle accumulation following intravenous administration was examined one day and one week after surgery, representing the acute and chronic phase of MI, respectively. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of paramagnetic lipids in the micelles and liposomes was employed to monitor the trafficking of nanoparticles to the infarcted myocardium. Ex vivo high-resolution fluorescence microscopy of fluorescent lipids was used to determine the exact location of the nanoparticles in the myocardium. In both acute and chronic MI, micelles permeated the entire infarct area, which renders them very suited for the local delivery of cardioprotective or anti-remodeling drugs. Liposomes displayed slower and more restricted extravasation from the vasculature and are therefore an attractive vehicle for the delivery of pro-angiogenic drugs. Importantly, the ability to non-invasively visualize both micelles and liposomes with MRI creates a versatile approach for the development of effective cardioprotective therapeutic interventions.
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Galagudza M, Korolev D, Postnov V, Naumisheva E, Grigorova Y, Uskov I, Shlyakhto E. Passive targeting of ischemic-reperfused myocardium with adenosine-loaded silica nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1671-8. [PMID: 22619519 PMCID: PMC3356166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological agents suggested for infarct size limitation have serious side effects when used at cardioprotective doses which hinders their translation into clinical practice. The solution to the problem might be direct delivery of cardioprotective drugs into ischemic-reperfused myocardium. In this study, we explored the potential of silica nanoparticles for passive delivery of adenosine, a prototype cardioprotective agent, into ischemic-reperfused heart tissue. In addition, the biodegradation of silica nanoparticles was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Immobilization of adenosine on the surface of silica nanoparticles resulted in enhancement of adenosine-mediated infarct size limitation in the rat model. Furthermore, the hypotensive effect of adenosine was attenuated after its adsorption on silica nanoparticles. We conclude that silica nanoparticles are biocompatible materials that might potentially be used as carriers for heart-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galagudza
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, VA Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Center, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Abstract
Liposome-based pharmaceuticals used within the cardiovascular system are reviewed in this article. The delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents by plain liposomes and liposomes with surface-attached targeting antibodies or polyethylene glycol to prolong their circulation time and accumulation at vascular injuries, ischemic zones or sites of thrombi are also discussed. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of liposome-mediated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo targeting is presented, including discussion of the targeting of liposomes to pathological sites on the blood vessel wall and a description of liposomes that can be internalized by endothelial cells. Diagnostic liposomes used to target myocardial infarction and the relative importance of liposome size, targetability of immunoliposomes and prolonged circulation time on the efficiency of sealing hypoxia-induced plasma membrane damage to cardiocytes are discussed as a promising approach for therapy. The progress in the use of targeted liposomal plasmids for the transfection of hypoxic cardiomyocytes and myocardium is presented. Stent-mediated liposomal-based drug delivery is also reviewed briefly.
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Bowey K, Tanguay JF, Tabrizian M. Liposome technology for cardiovascular disease treatment and diagnosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:249-65. [PMID: 22235930 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.647908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several decades, liposomes have been used in a variety of applications, from delivery vehicles to cell membrane models. In terms of pharmaceutical use, they can offer control over the release of active agents encapsulated into their lipid bilayer or aqueous core, while providing protection from degradation in the body. In addition, liposomes are versatile carriers, because targeting moieties can be conjugated on the surface to enhance delivery efficiency. It is for these reasons that liposomes have been applied as carriers for a multitude of drugs and genetic material, and as contrast agents, aimed to treat and diagnose cardiovascular diseases. AREAS COVERED This review details advancements in liposome technology used in the field of cardiovascular medicine. In particular, the application of liposomes to cardiovascular disease treatment and diagnosis, with a focus on delivering drugs, genetic material and improving cardiovascular imaging, will be explored. Advances in targeting liposomes to the vasculature will also be detailed. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes may provide the means to deliver drugs and other pharmaceutical agents for cardiovascular applications; however, there is still a vast amount of research and clinical trials that must be performed before a formulation is brought to market. Advancements in targeting abilities within the body, as well as the introduction of theranostic liposomes, capable of both delivering treating and imaging cardiac diseases, may be expected in the future of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bowey
- McGill University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A4, Canada
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Wang L, MacDonald RC. Cationic phospholiposomes: efficient delivery vehicles of anticancer derivatives of ATP to multiple myeloma cells. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:306-14. [PMID: 21457078 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.565476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with substitutions at the 8-position have been shown to be cytotoxic to multiple myeloma, one of the most prevalent and serious blood cancers. However, these drugs do not readily cross biological membranes and are very sensitive to phosphatases present in body fluids. To circumvent these disadvantages, 8-substituted ATPs were encapsulated into cationic phospholiposomes generated from cationic phosphatidylcholines (EDOPC; 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine, and EDPPC, the corresponding dipalmitoyl homolog), compounds with low toxicity that readily form liposomes. Vortexing was an efficient encapsulation procedure, more so than freeze-thawing. At the lipid:drug ratio of 5:1 (mol/mol), 20% of 8-Br-ATP was encapsulated within EDOPC liposomes. Efficient encapsulation and retention of 8-NH₂-ATP required the inclusion of cholesterol. Liposomes of EDOPC:cholesterol (55:45 mole/mole), at a lipid:drug mole ratio of 10:1, captured ~40% of the drug presented. Cytotoxicity assays of this formulation on multiple myeloma cells in culture showed encapsulated drug to be up to 10-fold more effective than free drug, depending upon dose. Intracellular distribution studies (based on fluorescent derivatives of lipids and of ATP) revealed that both liposomes and drug were taken up by multiple myeloma cells, and that uptake of a fluorescent ATP derivative was significantly greater when encapsulated than when free. Liposomes prepared from EDPPC, having a higher phase-transition temperature than EDOPC, captured 8-NH₂-ATP satisfactorily and released it more slowly than the unsaturated formulations, but were also less cytotoxic. The superior encapsulation efficiencies of the positively charged liposomes can be understood in terms of the electrostatic double layer due to a very high positive charge density on their inner surface. Electrostatic augmentation of encapsulation for small vesicles can be dramatic, easily exceeding an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Sy JC, Davis ME. Delivering regenerative cues to the heart: cardiac drug delivery by microspheres and peptide nanofibers. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:461-8. [PMID: 20628908 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of signaling pathways and cues vital for cardiac regeneration is being refined by laboratories worldwide. As various mechanisms enabling cardiac regeneration are becoming elucidated, delivery vehicles suited for these potential therapeutics must also be developed. This review focuses on advances in two technologies, novel degradable microspheres for controlled release systems and self-assembling peptide nanofibers for cell and factor delivery. Polyketals, a new class of resorbable polymers, are well suited for treating inflammatory diseases due to biocompatible degradation products. Polyketals have been used to deliver small molecule inhibitors and antioxidant proteins to rat models of myocardial infarction with notable improvements in cardiac function. Self-assembling peptide nanofibers are a class of hydrogels that are well-defined scaffolds made up of 99% water and amenable to incorporation of a variety of bioactive cues. Work done by our laboratory and others have demonstrated functional improvements using these hydrogels as both a drug delivery vehicle for proteins as well as a defined microenvironment for transplanted cells. Combining non-inflammatory polymer microspheres for sustained release of drugs with self-assembling nanofibers yields multifunctional scaffolds that may soon drive the body's healing response following myocardial infarction towards cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Sy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 2001, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
ATP cannot be effectively delivered to most tissues including the ischemic myocardium without protection from degradation by plasma endonucleotidases. However, it has been established that ATP can be delivered to various tissues by its encapsulation within liposomal preparations. We describe here, the materials needed and methods used to optimize the encapsulation of ATP in liposomes, enhance their effectiveness by increasing their circulation time and target injured myocardial cells with liposomal surface anti-myosin antibody. Additionally, we outline methods for ex vivo studies of these ATP liposomal preparations in an isolated ischemic rat heart model and for in vivo studies of rabbits with an induced myocardial infarction. The expectation is that these methods will provide a basis for continued studies of effective ways to deliver energy substrates to the ischemic myocardium.
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Hartner WC, Verma DD, Levchenko TS, Bernstein EA, Torchilin VP. ATP-loaded liposomes for treatment of myocardial ischemia. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 1:530-9. [PMID: 20049815 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to drug therapy for treatment of potential myocardial infarction is the limited access to the ischemic myocardium by drugs in an active form. Encouraging results have been reported with liposomes loaded with ATP in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. We describe methods for optimized encapsulation of ATP in liposomes, enhancement of their effectiveness by increasing circulation time, and targeting of injured myocardial cells with surface attached antimyosin. In isolated ischemic rat hearts, ATP-loaded liposomes and ATP-loaded immunoliposomes effectively protected myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion damage as measured by systolic and diastolic functional improvements. In vivo, in rabbits with induced localized myocardial ischemia, liposomal encapsulation of ATP significantly diminished the proportion of ventricular muscle at risk that was irreversibly damaged during reperfusion. Therefore, ATP encapsulated in liposomes can provide an effective exogenous source for in vivo application which can protect ischemically damaged hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Hartner
- Departmentof Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tep K, Korb V, Richard C, Escriou V, Largeau C, Vincourt V, Bessodes M, Guellier A, Scherman D, Cynober L, Chaumeil JC, Dumortier G. Formulation and evaluation of ATP-containing liposomes including lactosylated ASGPr ligand. J Liposome Res 2010; 19:287-300. [PMID: 19863164 DOI: 10.3109/08982100902838682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An original ligand (Lac-10-Chol) designed to interact with asialoglycoprotein receptors to potentially target hepatocyte was synthesised by grafting a lactose head to a cholesteryl structure, which was then included in liposomes. Preliminary formulation tests led to the selection of conventional formulations based on soybean phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/DOTAP (+/- DOPE) (+/- Lac-10-Chol) that present reproducible absolute entrapment value (1.45 +/- 0.10%), with a size of 109 +/- 7 nm and a slight positive charge (3.77 +/- 1.59 mV). Cell viability (via the MTT test), expressed as the percentage of nontreated cells in HepG2 cells, was very close to the control. Internalization tests evidenced an intracellular penetration of fluorescent liposomes, but no specific ligand effect was demonstrated (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, regarding the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay, a slight increase was obtained with liposome loaded with ATP incorporating Lac-10-chol after 24 hours (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karona Tep
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Cedex, France
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Abstract
Among the several drug delivery systems, liposomes--phospholipid nanosized vesicles with a bilayered membrane structure--have drawn a lot of interest as advanced and versatile pharmaceutical carriers for both low and high molecular weight pharmaceuticals. At present, liposomal formulations span multiple areas, from clinical application of the liposomal drugs to the development of various multifunctional liposomal systems to be used in therapy and diagnostics. This chapter provides a brief overview of various liposomal products currently under development at experimental and preclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A Elbayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Liu S, Levine SR, Winn HR. Targeting ischemic penumbra: part I - from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:47-55. [PMID: 20607107 DOI: 10.6030/1939-067x-3.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Penumbra is the viable tissue around the irreversibly damaged ischemic core. The purpose of acute stroke treatment is to salvage penumbral tissue and to improve brain function. However, the majority of acute stroke patients who have treatable penumbra are left untreated. Therefore, developing an effective non-recanalizational therapeutics, such as neuroprotective agents, has significant clinical applications. Part I of this serial review on "targeting penumbra" puts special emphases on penumbral pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies. Bioenergetic intervention by massive metabolic suppression and direct energy delivery would be a promising future direction. An effective drug delivery system for this purpose should be able to penetrate BBB and achieve high local tissue drug levels while non-ischemic region being largely unaffected. Selective drug delivery to ischemic stroke penumbra is feasible and deserves intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NYU
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Prolonged cardioprotective effect of pyridostigmine encapsulated in liposomes. Life Sci 2010; 86:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ko YT, Hartner WC, Kale A, Torchilin VP. Gene delivery into ischemic myocardium by double-targeted lipoplexes with anti-myosin antibody and TAT peptide. Gene Ther 2008; 16:52-9. [PMID: 18701915 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of myocardial ischemia using gene therapy is a rather novel but promising approach. Gene delivery to target cells may be enhanced by using double-targeted delivery systems simultaneously capable of extracellular accumulation and intracellular penetration. With this in mind, we have used low cationic liposomes-plasmid DNA complexes (lipoplexes) modified with cell-penetrating transactivating transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide (TATp) and/or with monoclonal anti-myosin monoclonal antibody 2G4 (mAb 2G4) specific toward cardiac myosin, for targeted gene delivery to ischemic myocardium. In vitro transfection of both normoxic and hypoxic cardiomyocytes was enhanced by the presence of TATp as determined by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA. The in vitro transfection was further enhanced by the additional modification with mAb 2G4 antibody in the case of hypoxic, but not normoxic cardiomyocytes. However, we did not observe a synergism between TATp and mAb 2G4 ligands under our experimental condition. In in vivo experiments, we have clearly demonstrated an increased accumulation of mAb 2G4-modified TATp lipoplexes in the ischemic rat myocardium and significantly enhanced transfection of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic zone. Thus, the genetic transformation of normoxic and hypoxic cardiomyocytes can be enhanced by using lipoplexes modified with TATp and/or mAb 2G4. Such complexes also demonstrate an increased accumulation in the ischemic myocardium and effective transfection of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Ko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Colloidal drug delivery systems have been providing alternative formulation approaches for problematic drug candidates, and improved delivery for existing compounds for decades. Colloidal systems for drug delivery have all evolved down a similar pathway, almost irrespective of the delivery system, from conception, to the use of safer excipients, PEGylation for passive targeting and attachment of ligands for active targeting. The recent emergence of truly biologically interactive systems represents the latest step forward in colloidal delivery systems. In this article, the maturation pathway and recent advances for the major classes of colloidal delivery systems are reviewed, and the paper poses the question of whether the nanotechnology boom will create a revolution in colloidal delivery, or just the next natural stage in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Boyd
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy - Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Kale AA, Torchilin VP. "Smart" drug carriers: PEGylated TATp-modified pH-sensitive liposomes. J Liposome Res 2008; 17:197-203. [PMID: 18027240 DOI: 10.1080/08982100701525035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To engineer drug carriers capable of spontaneous accumulation in tumors and ischemic areas via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and further penetration and drug delivery inside tumor or ischemic cells via the action of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), we have prepared liposomes simultaneously bearing on their surface CPP (TAT peptide, TATp) moieties and protective PEG chains. PEG chains were incorporated into the liposome membrane via the PEG-attached phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) residue with PEG and PE being conjugated with the lowered pH-degradable hydrazone bond (PEG-HZ-PE). Under normal conditions, liposome-grafted PEG "shielded" liposome-attached TATp moieties since the PEG spacer for TATp attachment (PEG(1000)) was shorter than protective PEG(2000). PEGylated liposomes are expected to accumulate in targets via the EPR effect, but inside the "acidified" tumor or ischemic tissues lose their PEG coating due to the lowered pH-induced hydrolysis of HZ and penetrate inside cells via the now-exposed TATp moieties. This concept is shown here to work in cell cultures in vitro as well as in ischemic cardiac tissues in the Langendorff perfused rat heart model and in tumors in experimental mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA-02115, USA
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Verma DD, Hartner WC, Thakkar V, Levchenko TS, Torchilin VP. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes on the myocardium in rabbits with an acute experimental myocardial infarction. Pharm Res 2007; 24:2131-7. [PMID: 17657597 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed whether the infusion of Coenzyme Q10-loaded liposomes (CoQ10-L) in rabbits with an experimental myocardial infarction can result in increased intracellular delivery of CoQ10 and thus limit the fraction of the irreversibly damaged myocardium. METHODS CoQ10-L, empty liposomes (EL), or Krebs-Henseleit (KH) buffer were administered by intracoronary infusion, followed by 30 min of occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion. Unisperse Blue dye was used to demarcate the net size of the occlusion-induced ischemic zone ("area at risk") while nitroblue tetrazolium staining was used to detect the final fraction of the irreversibly damaged myocardium within the total area at risk. RESULTS The total size of the area at risk in all experimental animals was approx. 20% wt. of the left ventricle (LV). The final irreversible damage in CoQ10-L-treated animals was only ca. 30% of the total area at risk as compared with ca. 60% in the group treated with EL (p < 0.006) and ca. 70% in the KH buffer-treated group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CoQ10-L effectively protected the ischemic heart muscle by enhancing the intracellular delivery of CoQ10 in hypoxic cardiocytes in rabbits with an experimental myocardial infarction as evidenced by a significantly decreased fraction of the irreversibly damaged heart within the total area at risk. CoQ10-L may provide an effective exogenous source of the CoQ10 in vivo to protect ischemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya D Verma
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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