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Chen S, Geng X, Lou J, Huang D, Mao H, Lin X. Overexpression of a plasmalemma Na +/H + antiporter from the halophyte Nitraria sibirica enhances the salt tolerance of transgenic poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112061. [PMID: 38461863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The plasmalemma Na+/H+ antiporter Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is responsible for the efflux of Na+ from the cytoplasm, an important determinant of salt resistance in plants. In this study, an ortholog of SOS1, referred to as NsSOS1, was cloned from Nitraria sibirica, a typical halophyte that grows in deserts and saline-alkaline land, and its expression and function in regulating the salt tolerance of forest trees were evaluated. The expression level of NsSOS1 was higher in leaves than in roots and stems of N. sibirica, and its expression was upregulated under salt stress. Histochemical staining showed that β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the NsSOS1 promoter was strongly induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones including salt, drought, low temperature, gibberellin, and methyl jasmonate, suggesting that NsSOS1 is involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Transgenic 84 K poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) overexpressing NsSOS1 showed improvements in survival rate, root biomass, plant height, relative water levels, chlorophyll and proline levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities versus non-transgenic poplar (NT) under salt stress. Transgenic poplars accumulated less Na+ and more K+ in roots, stems, and leaves, which had a lower Na+/K+ ratio compared to NT under salt stress. These results indicate that NsSOS1-mediated Na+ efflux confers salt tolerance to transgenic poplars, which show more efficient photosynthesis, better scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and improved osmotic adjustment under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic poplars confirmed that NsSOS1 not only mediates Na+ efflux but is also involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of NsSOS1 and suggest that it could be used to improve the salt tolerance of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Duoman Huang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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Ndayambaza B, Si J, Deng Y, Jia B, He X, Zhou D, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu Z, Qin J, Wang B, Bai X. The Euphrates Poplar Responses to Abiotic Stress and Its Unique Traits in Dry Regions of China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia): What Should We Know? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2213. [PMID: 38137039 PMCID: PMC10743205 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At the moment, drought, salinity, and low-temperature stress are ubiquitous environmental issues. In arid regions including Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and other areas worldwide, the area of tree plantations appears to be rising, triggering tree growth. Water is a vital resource in the agricultural systems of countries impacted by aridity and salinity. Worldwide efforts to reduce quantitative yield losses on Populus euphratica by adapting tree plant production to unfavorable environmental conditions have been made in response to the responsiveness of the increasing control of water stress. Although there has been much advancement in identifying the genes that resist abiotic stresses, little is known about how plants such as P. euphratica deal with numerous abiotic stresses. P. euphratica is a varied riparian plant that can tolerate drought, salinity, low temperatures, and climate change, and has a variety of water stress adaptability abilities. To conduct this review, we gathered all available information throughout the Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information on the impact of abiotic stress on the molecular mechanism and evolution of gene families at the transcription level. The data demonstrated that P. euphratica might gradually adapt its stomatal aperture, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, xylem architecture, and hydraulic conductivity to endure extreme drought and salt stress. Our analyses will give readers an understanding of how to manage a gene family in desert trees and the influence of abiotic stresses on the productivity of tree plants. They will also give readers the knowledge necessary to improve biotechnology-based tree plant stress tolerance for sustaining yield and quality trees in China's arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Ndayambaza
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Provincial Administration, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liang L, Guo L, Zhai Y, Hou Z, Wu W, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu X, Guo S, Gao G, Liu W. Genome-wide characterization of SOS1 gene family in potato ( Solanum tuberosum) and expression analyses under salt and hormone stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1201730. [PMID: 37457336 PMCID: PMC10347410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1201730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is one of the members of the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway and plays critical salt tolerance determinant in plants, while the characterization of the SOS1 family in potato (Solanum tuberosum) is lacking. In this study, 37 StSOS1s were identified and found to be unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes, with most of them located on the plasma membrane. Promoter analysis revealed that the majority of these StSOS1 genes contain abundant cis-elements involved in various abiotic stress responses. Tissue specific expression showed that 21 of the 37 StSOS1s were widely expressed in various tissues or organs of the potato. Molecular interaction network analysis suggests that 25 StSOS1s may interact with other proteins involved in potassium ion transmembrane transport, response to salt stress, and cellular processes. In addition, collinearity analysis showed that 17, 8, 1 and 5 of orthologous StSOS1 genes were paired with those in tomato, pepper, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, respectively. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression of StSOS1s were significant modulated by various abiotic stresses, in particular salt and abscisic acid stress. Furthermore, subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana suggested that StSOS1-13 was located on the plasma membrane. These results extend the comprehensive overview of the StSOS1 gene family and set the stage for further analysis of the function of genes in SOS and hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Gao
- *Correspondence: Gang Gao, ; Weizhong Liu,
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Ou Y, Wang L, Gao Y, Lucas GR, Resco de Dios V, Yao Y. Transcriptome and Low-Affinity Sodium Transport Analysis Reveals Salt Tolerance Variations between Two Poplar Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065732. [PMID: 36982804 PMCID: PMC10058024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress severely hampers plant growth and productivity. How to improve plants’ salt tolerance is an urgent issue. However, the molecular basis of plant resistance to salinity still remains unclear. In this study, we used two poplar species with different salt sensitivities to conduct RNA-sequencing and physiological and pharmacological analyses; the aim is to study the transcriptional profiles and ionic transport characteristics in the roots of the two Populus subjected to salt stress under hydroponic culture conditions. Our results show that numerous genes related to energy metabolism were highly expressed in Populus alba relative to Populus russkii, which activates vigorous metabolic processes and energy reserves for initiating a set of defense responses when suffering from salinity stress. Moreover, we found the capacity of Na+ transportation by the P. alba high-affinity K+ transporter1;2 (HKT1;2) was superior to that of P. russkii under salt stress, which enables P. alba to efficiently recycle xylem-loaded Na+ and to maintain shoot K+/Na+ homeostasis. Furthermore, the genes involved in the synthesis of ethylene and abscisic acid were up-regulated in P. alba but downregulated in P. russkii under salt stress. In P. alba, the gibberellin inactivation and auxin signaling genes with steady high transcriptions, several antioxidant enzymes activities (such as peroxidase [POD], ascorbate peroxidase [APX], and glutathione reductase [GR]), and glycine-betaine content were significantly increased under salt stress. These factors altogether confer P. alba a higher resistance to salinity, achieving a more efficient coordination between growth modulation and defense response. Our research provides significant evidence to improve the salt tolerance of crops or woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Gutiérrez Rodríguez Lucas
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25003 Leida, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.D.); (Y.Y.)
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Zhu J, Zhou H, Fan Y, Guo Y, Zhang M, Shabala S, Zhao C, Lv C, Guo B, Wang F, Zhou M, Xu R. HvNCX, a prime candidate gene for the novel qualitative locus qS7.1 associated with salinity tolerance in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:9. [PMID: 36656369 PMCID: PMC9852152 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A major QTL (qS7.1) for salinity damage score and Na+ exclusion was identified on chromosome 7H from a barley population derived from a cross between a cultivated variety and a wild accession. qS7.1 was fine-mapped to a 2.46 Mb physical interval and HvNCX encoding a sodium/calcium exchanger is most likely the candidate gene. Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Developing salinity-tolerant varieties is critical for minimizing economic penalties caused by salinity and providing solutions for global food security. Many genes/QTL for salt tolerance have been reported in barley, but only a few of them have been cloned. In this study, a total of 163 doubled haploid lines from a cross between a cultivated barley variety Franklin and a wild barley accession TAM407227 were used to map QTL for salinity tolerance. Four significant QTL were identified for salinity damage scores. One (qS2.1) was located on 2H, determining 7.5% of the phenotypic variation. Two (qS5.1 and qS5.2) were located on 5H, determining 5.3-11.7% of the phenotypic variation. The most significant QTL was found on 7H, explaining 27.8% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTL for Na+ content in leaves under salinity stress were detected on chromosomes 1H (qNa1.1) and 7H(qNa7.1). qS7.1 was fine-mapped to a 2.46 Mb physical interval using F4 recombinant inbred lines. This region contains 23 high-confidence genes, with HvNCX which encodes a sodium/calcium exchanger being most likely the candidate gene. HvNCX was highly induced by salinity stress and showed a greater expression level in the sensitive parent. Multiple nucleotide substitutions and deletions/insertions in the promoter sequence of HvNCX were found between the two parents. cDNA sequencing of the HvNCX revealed that the difference between the two parents is conferred by a single Ala77/Pro77 amino acid substitution, which is located on the transmembrane domain. These findings open new prospects for improving salinity tolerance in barley by targeting a previously unexplored trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Chao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia.
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/ Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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RsSOS1 Responding to Salt Stress Might Be Involved in Regulating Salt Tolerance by Maintaining Na+ Homeostasis in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radish is a kind of moderately salt-sensitive vegetable. Salt stress seriously decreases the yield and quality of radish. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) plays a crucial role in protecting plant cells against salt stress, but the biological function of the RsSOS1 gene in radish remains to be elucidated. In this study, the RsSOS1 gene was isolated from radish genotype ‘NAU-TR17’, and contains an open reading frame of 3414 bp encoding 1137 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsSOS1 had a high homology with BnSOS1, and clustered together with Arabidopsis plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (AtNHX7). The result of subcellular localization indicated that the RsSOS1 was localized in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, RsSOS1 was strongly induced in roots of radish under 150 mmol/L NaCl treatment, and its expression level in salt-tolerant genotypes was significantly higher than that in salt-sensitive ones. In addition, overexpression of RsSOS1 in Arabidopsis could significantly improve the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. Meanwhile, the transformation of RsSOS1△999 could rescue Na+ efflux function of AXT3 yeast. In summary, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter RsSOS1 plays a vital role in regulating salt-tolerance of radish by controlling Na+ homeostasis. These results provided useful information for further functional characterization of RsSOS1 and facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying salt stress response in radish.
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Wang L, Gao J, Zhang Z, Liu W, Cheng P, Mu W, Su T, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. Overexpression of CmSOS1 confers waterlogging tolerance in Chrysanthemum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1059-1064. [PMID: 31743556 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Na+ /H+ antiporter SOS1 enhances the salinity tolerance of a number of plant species, but its involvement in the response to hypoxia is less well known. We presented chrysanthemum homologs CmSOS1 and CmRCD1 coordinately mediate waterlogging tolerance by maintaining membrane integrity and minimizing the level of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weimiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peilei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenting Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Su W, Bao Y, Lu Y, He F, Wang S, Wang D, Yu X, Yin W, Xia X, Liu C. Poplar Autophagy Receptor NBR1 Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance by Regulating Selective Autophagy and Antioxidant System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568411. [PMID: 33552091 PMCID: PMC7854912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is an adverse environmental factor for plant growth and development. Under salt stress, plants can activate the selective autophagy pathway to alleviate stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of selective autophagy in response to salt stress remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the selective autophagy receptor PagNBR1 (neighbor of BRCA1) is induced by salt stress in Populus. Overexpression of PagNBR1 in poplar enhanced salt stress tolerance. Compared with wild type (WT) plants, the transgenic lines exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, less reactive oxygen species (ROS), and higher net photosynthesis rates under salt stress. Furthermore, co-localization and yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that PagNBR1 was localized in the autophagosome and could interact with ATG8 (autophagy-related gene). PagNBR1 transgenic poplars formed more autophagosomes and exhibited higher expression of ATG8, resulting in less accumulation of insoluble protein and insoluble ubiquitinated protein compared to WT under salt stress. The accumulation of insoluble protein and insoluble ubiquitinated protein was similar under the treatment of ConA in WT and transgenic lines. In summary, our results imply that PagNBR1 is an important selective autophagy receptor in poplar and confers salt tolerance by accelerating antioxidant system activity and autophagy activity. Moreover, the NBR1 gene is an important potential molecular target for improving stress resistance in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liu,
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hakki EE, Gezgin S, Hamurcu M. Combined Boron Toxicity and Salinity Stress-An Insight into Its Interaction in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E364. [PMID: 31547605 PMCID: PMC6843824 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuously changing environment has intensified the occurrence of abiotic stress conditions. Individually, boron (B) toxicity and salinity stress are well recognized as severe stress conditions for plants. However, their coexistence in arid and semi-arid agricultural regions has shown ambiguous effects on plant growth and development. Few studies have reported that combined boron toxicity and high salinity stress have more damaging effects on plant growth than individual B and salt stress, while other studies have highlighted less damaging effects of the combined stress. Hence, it is interesting to understand the positive interaction of this combined stress so that it can be effectively employed for the improvement of crops that generally show the negative effects of this combined stress. In this review, we discussed the possible processes that occur in plants in response to this combined stress condition. We highly suggest that the combined B and salinity stress condition should be considered as a novel stress condition by researchers; hence, we recommend the name "BorSal" for this combined boron toxicity and high salinity state in the soil. Membrane-bound activities, mobility of ions, water transport, pH changes, transpiration, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, and different molecular transporters are involved in the effects of BorSal interaction in plants. The discussed mechanisms indicate that the BorSal stress state should be studied in light of the involved physiological and molecular processes that occur after B and salt interaction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mohd Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Erdogan Esref Hakki
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Sait Gezgin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
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10
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chen B, Qin Z, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Yao R, Liu H, Yang H. Progress in Understanding the Physiological and Molecular Responses of Populus to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061312. [PMID: 30875897 PMCID: PMC6471404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress (SS) has become an important factor limiting afforestation programs. Because of their salt tolerance and fully sequenced genomes, poplars (Populus spp.) are used as model species to study SS mechanisms in trees. Here, we review recent insights into the physiological and molecular responses of Populus to SS, including ion homeostasis and signaling pathways, such as the salt overly sensitive (SOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. We summarize the genes that can be targeted for the genetic improvement of salt tolerance and propose future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Bowen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Zihai Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Yufei Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Ruiling Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Hailong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
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11
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He Q, Wang X, He L, Yang L, Wang S, Bi Y. Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:295-309. [PMID: 30542981 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress. The response of two barley seedlings to salt stress was investigated. Results showed that the growth of highland barley (Kunlun 14) and barley (Ganpi 6) had no obvious difference under low concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mM) of NaCl treatment. However, high concentrations of NaCl treatment (300 and 400 mM) severely affected the growth of two barley cultivars. Under 300 mM NaCl treatment, the fresh weight, relative water content (RWC), pigments and K+ content reduced more in Ganpi 6 than in Kunlun 14. In contrast, the electrolyte leakage and the content of MDA, Na+, H2O2 and O2- increased more in Ganpi 6 than in Kunlun 14. The gene expression of AOX1a, HvNHX1, HvNHX3, HvHVP1, HvHVA, H+-ATPase, the alternative respiration capacity (Valt) and the enzymatic activity of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and H+-ATPase increased more in Kunlun14 than in Ganpi6 under 300 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the cytochrome respiration capacity (Vcyt) decreased similarly in both barley cultivars. Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of the alternative oxidase (AOX) increased more in Kunlun 14 than in Ganpi 6 under 300 mM NaCl treatment. Inhibition of the alternative respiration by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) decreased the fresh weight, K+ content, Valt, H+-ATPase activity and the gene expression of AOX1a, HvNHX1, HvNHX3, HvHVP1, HvHVA, H+-ATPase, but increased the electrolyte leakage, MDA and Na+ content in both cultivars under 300 mM NaCl treatment. In short, alternative respiration is involved in the tolerance of highland barley to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Meng K, Wu Y. Footprints of divergent evolution in two Na+/H+ type antiporter gene families (NHX and SOS1) in the genus Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:813-824. [PMID: 29394412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Populus, a deciduous tree species of major economic and ecological value, grows across the range in which trees are distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Patterns of DNA variation are often used to identify the evolutionary forces shaping the genotypes of distinctive species lineages. Sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) antiporter genes have been shown to play a central role in plant salt tolerance. Here, we analyzed DNA nucleotide polymorphisms in the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX and SOS1) gene families across 30 different Populus species using several methods of phylogenetic analysis and functional verification. NHX and SOS1 gene families in the genus Populus have expanded from the state in their common ancestors by duplication events, and their distinct lineages have been retained. Signals of positive selection at certain amino acid sites in different members of the Na/H antiporter gene families show that the dynamics that drive the evolution of each gene vary. SOS1 has undergone duplication in Populus euphratica and been subjected to adaptive evolution in section Turanga; the paralog of PeSOS1 (PeSOS1.2) can complement the Escherichia coli mutant EP432; and the expression pattern of PeSOS1.2 is different from that of PeSOS1, a fact which may have been beneficial for P. euphratica, conferring a fitness advantage in saline habitats. The divergent evolution of the individual members of the NHX and SOS1 gene families is likely to have been influenced by the varied ecological and environmental niches occupied by the different poplar species, giving rise to evolutionary footprints that reflect the specific functions and subcellular localizations of the proteins encoded by these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuibin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Integrated regulatory network reveals the early salt tolerance mechanism of Populus euphratica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6769. [PMID: 28754917 PMCID: PMC5533726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinization is one of the major factors that threaten the existence of plants worldwide. Populus euphratica has been deemed to be a promising candidate for stress response research because of its high capacity to tolerate extreme salt stress. We carried out a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) response to salt shock and elucidate the early salt tolerance mechanisms in P. euphratica. Both hierarchical clustering and DEG analysis demonstrated a predominant variation from time-course rather than NaCl intensity within 24 hours salt shock. Among the identified 1,678 salt-responsive DEGs, 74.1% (1,244) have not been reported before. We further created an integrated regulatory gene network of the salt response in P. euphratica by combining DEGs, transcription factors (TFs), Helitrons, miRNAs and their targets. The prominent pathways in this network are plant hormone transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, RNA transport, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc. In addition, the network indicates calcium-related genes play key roles in P. euphratica response to salt shock. These results illustrated an overview of the systematic molecular response in P. euphratica under different intensities of salt shock and revealed the complex regulatory mechanism.
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14
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Chen X, Lu X, Shu N, Wang D, Wang S, Wang J, Guo L, Guo X, Fan W, Lin Z, Ye W. GhSOS1, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene from upland cotton, enhances salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181450. [PMID: 28723926 PMCID: PMC5517032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), an important source of natural fiber, can tolerate relatively high salinity and drought stresses. In the present study, a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene, GhSOS1, was cloned from a salt-tolerant genotype of G. hirsutum, Zhong 9807. The expression level of GhSOS1 in cotton roots was significantly upregulated in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl (200 mM), while its transcript abundance was increased when exposed to low temperature and drought stresses. Localization analysis using onion epidermal cells showed that the GhSOS1 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. The overexpression of GhSOS1 in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to salt stress, as indicated by a lower MDA content and decreased Na+/K+ ratio in transgenic plants. Moreover, the transcript levels of stress-related genes were significantly higher in GhSOS1 overexpression lines than in wild-type plants under salt treatment. Hence, GhSOS1 may be a potential target gene for enhancing salt tolerance in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Weili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxu Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Wu Y, Meng K, Liang X. Distinct patterns of natural selection in Na +/H + antiporter genes in Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa. Ecol Evol 2016; 7:82-91. [PMID: 28070277 PMCID: PMC5214168 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt tolerance genes constitute an important class of loci in plant genomes. Little is known about the extent to which natural selection in saline environments has acted upon these loci, and what types of nucleotide diversity such selection has given rise to. Here, we surveyed genetic diversity in three types of Na+/H+ antiporter gene (SOS, NhaD, and NHX, belonging to the cation/proton antiporter 1 family), which have well‐characterized essential roles in plant salt tolerance. Ten Na+/H+ antiporter genes and 16 neutral loci randomly selected as controls were sequenced from 17 accessions of two closely related members of the genus Populus, Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa, section Turanga, which are native to northwest China. The results show that salt tolerance genes are common targets of natural selection in P. euphratica and P. pruinosa. Moreover, the patterns of nucleotide variation across the three types of Na+/H+ antiporter gene are distinctly different in these two closely related Populus species, and gene flow from P. pruinosa to P. euphratica is highly restricted. Our results suggest that natural selection played an important role in shaping the current distinct patterns of Na+/H+ antiporter genes, resulting in adaptive evolution in P. euphratica and P. pruinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Kuibin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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16
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Park HJ, Kim WY, Yun DJ. A New Insight of Salt Stress Signaling in Plant. Mol Cells 2016; 39:447-59. [PMID: 27239814 PMCID: PMC4916396 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to understand plant stress responses to salinity because irrigation-dependent salt accumulation compromises crop productivity and also to understand the mechanism through which some plants thrive under saline conditions. As mechanistic understanding has increased during the last decades, discovery-oriented approaches have begun to identify genetic determinants of salt tolerance. In addition to osmolytes, osmoprotectants, radical detoxification, ion transport systems, and changes in hormone levels and hormone-guided communications, the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway has emerged to be a major defense mechanism. However, the mechanism by which the components of the SOS pathway are integrated to ultimately orchestrate plant-wide tolerance to salinity stress remains unclear. A higher-level control mechanism has recently emerged as a result of recognizing the involvement of GIGANTEA (GI), a protein involved in maintaining the plant circadian clock and control switch in flowering. The loss of GI function confers high tolerance to salt stress via its interaction with the components of the SOS pathway. The mechanism underlying this observation indicates the association between GI and the SOS pathway and thus, given the key influence of the circadian clock and the pathway on photoperiodic flowering, the association between GI and SOS can regulate growth and stress tolerance. In this review, we will analyze the components of the SOS pathways, with emphasis on the integration of components recognized as hallmarks of a halophytic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju 52828,
Korea
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17
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Gao J, Sun J, Cao P, Ren L, Liu C, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. Variation in tissue Na(+) content and the activity of SOS1 genes among two species and two related genera of Chrysanthemum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:98. [PMID: 27098270 PMCID: PMC4839091 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum, a leading ornamental species, does not tolerate salinity stress, although some of its related species do. The current level of understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in this botanical group is still limited. RESULTS A comparison of the physiological responses to salinity stress was made between Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Jinba' and its more tolerant relatives Crossostephium chinense, Artemisia japonica and Chrysanthemum crassum. The stress induced a higher accumulation of Na(+) and more reduction of K(+) in C. morifolium than in C. chinense, C. crassum and A. japonica, which also showed higher K(+)/Na(+) ratio. Homologs of an Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (SOS1) were isolated from each species. The gene carried by the tolerant plants were more strongly induced by salt stress than those carried by the non-tolerant ones. When expressed heterologously, they also conferred a greater degree of tolerance to a yeast mutant lacking Na(+)-pumping ATPase and plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter activity. The data suggested that the products of AjSOS1, CrcSOS1 and CcSOS1 functioned more effectively as Na (+) excluders than those of CmSOS1. Over expression of four SOS1s improves the salinity tolerance of transgenic plants and the overexpressing plants of SOS1s from salt tolerant plants were more tolerant than that from salt sensitive plants. In addition, the importance of certain AjSOS1 residues for effective ion transport activity and salinity tolerance was established by site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression in yeast. CONCLUSIONS AjSOS1, CrcSOS1 and CcSOS1 have potential as transgenes for enhancing salinity tolerance. Some of the mutations identified here may offer opportunities to better understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tolerance in the chrysanthemum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Peipei Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Liping Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Li S, Fan C, Li Y, Zhang J, Sun J, Chen Y, Tian C, Su X, Lu M, Liang C, Hu Z. Effects of drought and salt-stresses on gene expression in Caragana korshinskii seedlings revealed by RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:200. [PMID: 26951633 PMCID: PMC4782325 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought and soil salinity are major abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of stress tolerance have been studied extensively in model plants. Caragana korshinskii is characterized by high drought and salt tolerance in northwestern China; unique patterns of gene expression allow it to tolerate the stress imposed by dehydration and semi-desert saline soil. There have, however, been no reports on the differences between C. korshinskii and model plants in the mechanisms underlying their drought and salt tolerance and regulation of gene expression. RESULTS Three sequencing libraries from drought and salt-treated whole-seedling- plants and the control were sequenced to investigate changes in the C. korshinskii transcriptome in response to drought and salt stresses. Of the 129,451 contigs, 70,662 (54.12 %) were annotated with gene descriptions, gene ontology (GO) terms, and metabolic pathways, with a cut-off E-value of 10(-5). These annotations included 56 GO terms, 148 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and 25 Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG). On comparison of the transcriptomes of the control, drought- and salt-treated plants, 1630 and 1521 contigs showed significant differences in transcript abundance under drought and salt stresses. Compared to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in drought- or salt-treated Arabidopsis in the database, 542 DEGs in drought-treated C. korshinskii and 529 DEGs in salt-treated samples were presumably unique to C. korshinskii. The transcription profiles revealed that genes related to transcription factors, protein kinases, and antioxidant enzymes are relevant to the tolerance of drought and salt stress in this species. The expression patterns of 38 randomly selected DEGs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and were essentially consistent with the changes in transcript abundance identified by RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified potential genes involved in drought and salt tolerance in C. korshinskii, as well as many DEGs uniquely expressed in drought- or salt-treated C. korshinskii samples compared to Arabidopsis. To our knowledge, this study is the first exploration of the C. korshinskii transcriptome under drought and salt conditions, and these results will facilitate the discovery of specific stress-resistance-related genes in C. korshinskii, possibly leading to the development of novel plant cultivars through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingshuang Sun
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changyan Tian
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zanmin Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Chen J, Yin W, Xia X. Transcriptome Profiles of Populus euphratica upon Heat Shock stress. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:326-40. [PMID: 25435796 PMCID: PMC4245693 DOI: 10.2174/138920291505141106101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress, which strongly affects plant performance and often results in reduced vegetative growth and yields depression, has become an increasingly serious global problem. Populus euphratica Oliv. which has been considered as a tree model for the study of plant response to abiotic stresses, could be resistant to an extremely wide environmental temperature range (–40 °C to 45 °C). Previous study is mainly focused on its gene regulation upon drought and salt stress. However, little is known about gene regulation at the global transcriptome level upon heat stress. To understand the gene network controlling heat stress in P. euphratica, a transcriptome sequencing using Illumina Hiseq 2000 was performed to generate a 10 gigabases depth for each sample in the tissue of leaf. 119,573 unigeneswere generated with an average length of 474 bp. Approximately 49,605 (41.49%) unigenes exhibited significantly different expressions between two libraries. Among these unigenes, 11,165 (9.34%) were upregulated and 38,440 (32.15%) were down regulated. Heat shock proteins classified as molecular chaperones showed a significant percentage (1.13%) in the up regulated group. Heat responsive genes, such as polyubiquitins, were over expressed in heat treated sample. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the Go terms for differentially expressed unigenes were significantly enriched in hormone-mediated signal, biological process regulation and metabolic process regulation. Our data revealed a global transcriptome picture of P. euphratica in response to heat shock. The identified potential heat stress-related transcripts can be used to infer the gene regulation networks underlying the molecular mechanisms of heat response in P. euphratica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China ; College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China ; College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China ; College of Biological Sciences and technology, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083, China
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Feki K, Brini F, Ben Amar S, Saibi W, Masmoudi K. Comparative functional analysis of two wheat Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 promoters in Arabidopsis thaliana under various stress conditions. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:15-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Song A, An J, Guan Z, Jiang J, Chen F, Lou W, Fang W, Liu Z, Chen S. The constitutive expression of a two transgene construct enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of chrysanthemum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:114-20. [PMID: 24751398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses downgrade the quality and productivity of chrysanthemum. A construct carrying both CcSOS1 (from Chrysanthemum crassum) and CdICE1 (from Chrysanthemum dichrum) was constitutively expressed in the chrysanthemum variety 'Jinba'. The transgenic plants were superior to the wild type (WT) ones with respect to their sensitivity to low temperature, drought and salinity, as measured by visible damage and plant survival. Salinity stressed transgenic plants accumulated more proline, and their level of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity was higher than in WT plants. At the physiological level, they suffered less loss of viable leaf area, maintained a lower leaf electrolyte conductivity and retained more chlorophyll (a+b). The ratio between the K(+) and Na(+) content was higher in the root, stem and median leaves of salinity stressed transgenic plants than in those of WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanghuai Lou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weimin Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaolei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhang J, Feng J, Lu J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wan D, Liu J. Transcriptome differences between two sister desert poplar species under salt stress. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:337. [PMID: 24886148 PMCID: PMC4035067 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus euphratica Oliv and P. pruinosa Schrenk (Salicaceae) both grow in dry desert areas with high summer temperatures. However, P. euphratica is distributed in dry deserts with deep underground water whereas P. pruinosa occurs in deserts in which there is underground water close to the surface. We therefore hypothesized that these two sister species may have evolved divergent regulatory and metabolic pathways during their interaction with different salt habitats and other stresses. To test this hypothesis, we compared transcriptomes from callus exposed to 24 h of salt stress and control callus samples from both species and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing (AS) events that had occurred under salt stress. RESULTS A total of 36,144 transcripts were identified and 1430 genes were found to be differentially expressed in at least one species in response to salt stress. Of these DEGs, 884 and 860 were identified in P. euphratica and P. pruinosa, respectively, while 314 DEGs were common to both species. On the basis of parametric analysis of gene set enrichment, GO enrichment in P. euphratica was found to be significantly different from that in P. pruinosa. Numerous genes involved in hormone biosynthesis, transporters and transcription factors showed clear differences between the two species in response to salt stress. We also identified 26,560 AS events which were mapped to 8380 poplar genomic loci from four libraries. GO enrichments for genes undergoing AS events in P. euphratica differed significantly from those in P. pruinosa. CONCLUSIONS A number of salt-responsive genes in both P. euphratica and P. pruinosa were identified and candidate genes with potential roles in the salinity adaptation were proposed. Transcriptome comparisons of two sister desert poplar species under salt stress suggest that these two species may have developed different genetic pathways in order to adapt to different desert salt habitats. The DEGs that were found to be common to both species under salt stress may be especially important for future genetic improvement of cultivated poplars or other crops through transgenic approaches in order to increase tolerance of saline soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Jianju Feng
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
- />Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Lu
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Xu Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
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Chen J, Tian Q, Pang T, Jiang L, Wu R, Xia X, Yin W. Deep-sequencing transcriptome analysis of low temperature perception in a desert tree, Populus euphratica. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:326. [PMID: 24884892 PMCID: PMC4035058 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compared with other Populus species, Populus euphratica Oliv. exhibits better tolerance to abiotic stress, especially those involving extreme temperatures. However, little is known about gene regulation and signaling pathways involved in low temperature stress responses in this species. Recent development of Illumina/Solexa-based deep-sequencing technologies has accelerated the study of global transcription profiling under specific conditions. To understand the gene network controlling low temperature perception in P. euphratica, we performed transcriptome sequencing using Solexa sequence analysis to generate a leaf transcriptome at a depth of 10 gigabases for each sample. Results Using the Trinity method, 52,081,238 high-quality trimmed reads were assembled into a non-redundant set and 108,502 unigenes with an average length of 1,047 bp were generated. After performing functional annotations by aligning all-unigenes with public protein databases, 85,584 unigenes were annotated. Differentially expressed genes were investigated using the FPKM method by applying the Benjamini and Hochberg corrections. Overall, 2,858 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed unigenes in at least two samples and 131 were assigned as unigenes expressed differently in all three samples. In 4°C-treated sample and -4°C-treated sample, 1,661 and 866 differently expressed unigenes were detected at an estimated absolute log2-fold change of > 1, respectively. Among them, the respective number of up-regulated unigenes in C4 and F4 sample was 1,113 and 630, while the respective number of down-regulated ungenes is 548 and 236. To increase our understanding of these differentially expressed genes, we performed gene ontology enrichment and metabolic pathway enrichment analyses. A large number of early cold (below or above freezing temperature)-responsive genes were identified, suggesting that a multitude of transcriptional cascades function in cold perception. Analyses of multiple cold-responsive genes, transcription factors, and some key transduction components involved in ABA and calcium signaling revealed their potential function in low temperature responses in P. euphratica. Conclusions Our results provide a global transcriptome picture of P. euphratica under low temperature stress. The potential cold stress related transcripts identified in this study provide valuable information for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of low temperature perception in P. euphratica. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-326) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing 100083, China.
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Lv F, Zhang H, Xia X, Yin W. Expression profiling and functional characterization of a CBL-interacting protein kinase gene from Populus euphratica. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:807-18. [PMID: 24413762 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the function of a member of the CIPK family in Populus euphratica. The Ca(2+)-dependent salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway has been shown to play an essential role in maintaining ion homeostasis and conferring salt tolerance. One component of the SOS pathway, SOS1, was identified in the salt-resistant tree P. euphratica. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized another component of the SOS pathway in this tree called PeSOS2 or PeCIPK26. On the basis of protein sequence similarity and complementation studies in Arabidopsis, PeCIPK26 was concluded to be the functional homolog of Arabidopsis AtSOS2. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that PeCIPK26 can interact with four calcineurin B-like (CBL) genes, i.e., PeCBL1, PeCBL4/PeSOS3, PeCBL9 and PeCBL10. Autophosphorylation assays showed that PeCIPK26 is an active protein kinase. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that PeCIPK26 is expressed in root, stem and leaf, and throughout the cell including cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus; in addition, it can be induced under salt-stress treatment. Functions of PeCIPK26 in salt tolerance were evaluated by gene overexpression in Arabidopsis cipk24 mutants. The better salt tolerance of transgenic plants relative to mutants was shown by their higher germination rate, lower Na(+) accumulation and higher capacity to discharge Na(+) when grown with NaCl. These results suggest the involvement of PeCIPK26 in the salt-stress response of P. euphratica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuling Lv
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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25
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Li Q, Tang Z, Hu Y, Yu L, Liu Z, Xu G. Functional analyses of a putative plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene isolated from salt tolerant Helianthus tuberosus. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5097-108. [PMID: 24771143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus L.) can tolerate relatively higher salinity, drought and heat stress. In this paper, we report the cloning of a Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encoding a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter from a highly salt-tolerant genotype of H. tuberosus, NY1, named HtSOS1 and characterization of its function in yeast and rice. The amino acid sequence of HtSOS1 showed 83.4% identity with the previously isolated SOS1 gene from the Chrysanthemum crassum. The mRNA level in the leaves of H. tuberosus was significantly up-regulated by presence of high concentrations of NaCl. Localization analysis using rice protoplast expression showed that the protein encoded by HtSOS1 was located in the plasma membrane. HtSOS1 partially suppressed the salt sensitive phenotypes of a salt sensitive yeast strain. In comparison with wild type (Oryza sativa L., ssp. Japonica. cv. Nipponbare), the transgenic rice expressed with HtSOS1 could exclude more Na(+) and accumulate more K(+). Expression of HtSOS1 decreased Na(+) content much larger in the shoot than in the roots, resulting in more water content in the transgenic rice than WT. These data suggested that HtSOS1 may be useful in transgenic approaches to improving the salinity tolerance of glycophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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26
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Zhou J, Wang J, Bi Y, Wang L, Tang L, Yu X, Ohtani M, Demura T, Zhuge Q. Overexpression of PtSOS2 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Poplars. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2014; 32:185-197. [PMID: 24465084 PMCID: PMC3893482 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-013-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are major signal transduction factors that have a central role in mediating acclimation to environmental changes in eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we cloned and identified three salt overly sensitive 2 (SOS2) genes in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa, designated as PtSOS2.1, PtSOS2.2, and PtSOS2.3, which were transformed into hybrid poplar clone T89 (Populus tremula× Populus tremuloides Michx clone T89) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Southern and northern blot analyses verified that the three genes integrated into the plant genome, and were expressed at a stable transcription level. Meanwhile, overexpression of all three PtSOS2 genes did not retard the growth of plants under normal conditions. Instead, it promoted growth in both agar-medium and soil conditions in response to salinity stress. Under salt stress, overexpression of PtSOS2.1, PtSOS2.2, and PtSOS2.3 increased the concentrations of proline and photosynthetic pigments, and the relative water content (RWC), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in transgenic lines compared to the control. These results suggest that overexpression of PtSOS2 plays a significant role in improving the salt tolerance of poplars, reducing the damage to membrane structures, and enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidative enzyme regulation under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Like Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Luozhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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Agarwal PK, Shukla PS, Gupta K, Jha B. Bioengineering for salinity tolerance in plants: state of the art. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:102-23. [PMID: 22539206 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of plants for abiotic stress tolerance is a challenging task because of its multifarious nature. Comprehensive studies for developing abiotic stress tolerance are in progress, involving genes from different pathways including osmolyte synthesis, ion homeostasis, antioxidative pathways, and regulatory genes. In the last decade, several attempts have been made to substantiate the role of "single-function" gene(s) as well as transcription factor(s) for abiotic stress tolerance. Since, the abiotic stress tolerance is multigenic in nature, therefore, the recent trend is shifting towards genetic transformation of multiple genes or transcription factors. A large number of crop plants are being engineered by abiotic stress tolerant genes and have shown the stress tolerance mostly at laboratory level. This review presents a mechanistic view of different pathways and emphasizes the function of different genes in conferring salt tolerance by genetic engineering approach. It also highlights the details of successes achieved in developing salt tolerance in plants thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Agarwal
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, 364021 Gujarat, India.
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Rapidly evolving genes and stress adaptation of two desert poplars, Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66370. [PMID: 23776666 PMCID: PMC3679102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding which genes have evolved rapidly with the recent tree speciation in arid habitats can provide valuable insights into different adaptation mechanisms. We employed a comparative evolutionary analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from two desert poplars, Populus pruinosa and P. euphratica, which diverged in the recent past. Following an approach taken previously with P. euphratica, we conducted a deep transcriptomic analysis of P. pruinosa. To maximize representation of conditional transcripts, mRNA was obtained from living tissues of two types of callus and desert-grown trees. De novo assembly generated 114,866 high-quality unique sequences using Solexa sequence data. Following assembly we were able to identify, with high confidence, 2859 orthologous sequence pairs between the two species. Based on the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitutions, we identified a total of 84 (2.9%) ortholog pairs exhibiting rapid evolution with signs of strong selection (Ka/Ks>1). Genes homologous to these ortholog pairs in model species are mainly involved in ‘responses to stress’, ‘ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes’, and ‘biological regulation’. Finally, we examined the expression patterns of candidate genes with rapid evolution in response to salt stress. Only one pair of orthologs up-regulated their expression in both species while three and four genes were found to up-regulated in P. pruinosa and in P. euphratica respectively. Our findings together suggest that the genes at the same category or network but with differentiated expressions or functions may have evolved rapidly during adaptive divergence of the two species to differentiated salty desert habitats.
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Li B, Duan H, Li J, Deng XW, Yin W, Xia X. Global identification of miRNAs and targets in Populus euphratica under salt stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:525-39. [PMID: 23430564 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica, a typical hydro-halophyte, is ideal for studying salt stress responses in woody plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that fulfilled an important post-transcriptional regulatory function. MiRNA may regulate tolerance to salt stress but this has not been widely studied in P. euphratica. In this investigation, the small RNAome, degradome and transcriptome were studied in salt stress treated P. euphratica by deep sequencing. Two hundred and eleven conserved miRNAs between Populus trichocarpa and P. euphratica have been found. In addition, 162 new miRNAs, belonging to 93 families, were identified in P. euphratica. Degradome sequencing experimentally verified 112 targets that belonged to 51 identified miRNAs, few of which were known previously in P. euphratica. Transcriptome profiling showed that expression of 15 miRNA-target pairs displayed reverse changing pattern under salt stress. Together, these results indicate that, in P. euphratica under salt stress, a large number of new miRNAs could be discovered, and both known and new miRNA were functionally cleaving to their target mRNA. Expression of miRNA and target were correspondingly induced by salt stress but that it was a complex process in P. euphratica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosheng Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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A Populus euphratica NAC protein regulating Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 2013; 521:265-73. [PMID: 23545306 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors are plant-specific and play an important role in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Populus euphratica is a salt-tolerant tree species growing in semi-arid saline areas. A stress responsive gene was successfully isolated from this species and named PeNAC1. The isolated cDNA encoded a protein containing a conserved NAC domain that belonged to the ATAF subgroup of the NAC protein family. The protein was localized to the nucleus and its C-terminus had transcriptional activation activity. Northern hybridization showed that its expression was strongly induced by drought and salt stress, but only slightly induced by ABA treatment in P. euphratica. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing PeNAC1 showed enhanced tolerance to salt stress, with lower Na(+)/K(+) ratios in the roots and leaves, and significantly inhibited expression levels of AtHKT1. Our results suggest that PeNAC1 plays a role in the plant response to salt stress by regulating Na(+)/K(+) homeostasis.
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31
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Dang ZH, Zheng LL, Wang J, Gao Z, Wu SB, Qi Z, Wang YC. Transcriptomic profiling of the salt-stress response in the wild recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:29. [PMID: 23324106 PMCID: PMC3562145 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reaumuria trigyna is an endangered small shrub endemic to desert regions in Inner Mongolia. This dicotyledonous recretohalophyte has unique morphological characteristics that allow it to tolerate the stress imposed by semi-desert saline soil. However, it is impossible to explore the mechanisms underlying this tolerance without detailed genomic information. Fortunately, newly developed high-throughput sequencing technologies are powerful tools for de novo sequencing to gain such information for this species. Results Two sequencing libraries prepared from control (C21) and NaCl-treated samples (T43) were sequenced using short reads sequencing technology (Illumina) to investigate changes in the R. trigyna transcriptome in response to salt stress. Among 65340 unigenes, 35495 (52.27%) were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways with a cut-off E-value of 10-5. These included 44 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 119 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and 25 Clusters of Orthologous Groups families. By comparing the transcriptomes from control and NaCl-treated plants, 5032 genes showed significantly differences in transcript abundance under salt stress (false discovery rate ≤ 0.001 and |log2Ratio| ≥ 1). These genes were significantly enriched in 29 KEGG pathways and 26 GO terms. The transcription profiles indicated that genes related to ion transport and the reactive oxygen species scavenging system were relevant to the morphological and physiological characteristics of this species. The expression patterns of 30 randomly selected genes resulted from quantitative real-time PCR were basically consistent with their transcript abundance changes identified by RNA-seq. Conclusions The present study identified potential genes involved in salt tolerance of R. trigyna. The globally sequenced genes covered a considerable proportion of the R. trigyna transcriptome. These data represent a genetic resource for the discovery of genes related to salt tolerance in this species, and may be a useful source of reference sequences for closely related taxa. These results can also further our understanding of salt tolerance in other halophytes surviving under sodic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-hua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, PR China
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Sun J, Zhang X, Deng S, Zhang C, Wang M, Ding M, Zhao R, Shen X, Zhou X, Lu C, Chen S. Extracellular ATP signaling is mediated by H₂O₂ and cytosolic Ca²⁺ in the salt response of Populus euphratica cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53136. [PMID: 23285259 PMCID: PMC3532164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) has been implicated in mediating plant growth and antioxidant defense; however, it is largely unknown whether eATP might mediate salinity tolerance. We used confocal microscopy, a non-invasive vibrating ion-selective microelectrode, and quantitative real time PCR analysis to evaluate the physiological significance of eATP in the salt resistance of cell cultures derived from a salt-tolerant woody species, Populus euphratica. Application of NaCl (200 mM) shock induced a transient elevation in [eATP]. We investigated the effects of eATP by blocking P2 receptors with suramin and PPADS and applying an ATP trap system of hexokinase-glucose. We found that eATP regulated a wide range of cellular processes required for salt adaptation, including vacuolar Na+ compartmentation, Na+/H+ exchange across the plasma membrane (PM), K+ homeostasis, reactive oxygen species regulation, and salt-responsive expression of genes related to K+/Na+ homeostasis and PM repair. Furthermore, we found that the eATP signaling was mediated by H2O2 and cytosolic Ca2+ released in response to high salt in P. euphratica cells. We concluded that salt-induced eATP was sensed by purinoceptors in the PM, and this led to the induction of downstream signals, like H2O2 and cytosolic Ca2+, which are required for the up-regulation of genes linked to K+/Na+ homeostasis and PM repair. Consequently, the viability of P. euphratica cells was maintained during a prolonged period of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shurong Deng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Ding
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunfu Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Guo Q, Wang P, Ma Q, Zhang JL, Bao AK, Wang SM. Selective transport capacity for K + over Na + is linked to the expression levels of PtSOS1 in halophyte Puccinellia tenuiflora. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2012; 39:1047-1057. [PMID: 32480854 DOI: 10.1071/fp12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1) was shown to be a Na+ efflux protein and also involved in K+ uptake and transport. PtSOS1 was characterised from Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn. et Merr., a monocotyledonous halophyte that has a high selectivity for K+ over Na+ by roots under salt stress. To assess the contribution of PtSOS1 to the selectivity for K+ over Na+, the expression levels of PtSOS1 and Na+, K+ accumulations in P. tenuiflora exposed to different concentrations of NaCl, KCl or NaCl plus KCl were analysed. Results showed that the expression levels of PtSOS1 in roots increased significantly with the increase of external NaCl (25-150mM), accompanied by an increase of selective transport (ST) capacity for K+ over Na+ by roots. Transcription levels of PtSOS1 in roots and ST values increased under 0.1-1mM KCl, then declined sharply under 5-10mM KCl. Under 150mM NaCl, PtSOS1 expression levels in roots and ST values at 0.1mM KCl was significantly lower than that at 5mM KCl with the prolonging of treatment time. A significant positive correlation was found between root PtSOS1 expression levels and ST values under various concentrations of NaCl, KCl or 150mM NaCl plus 0.1 or 5mM KCl treatments. Therefore, it is proposed that PtSOS1 is the major component of selective transport capacity for K+ over Na+ and hence, salt tolerance of P. tenuiflora. Finally, we hypothesise a function model of SOS1 in regulating K+ and Na+ transport system in the membrane of xylem parenchyma cells by sustaining the membrane integrity; it also appears that this model could reasonably explain the phenomenon of Na+ retrieval from the xylem when plants are exposed to severe salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
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In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration via indirect organogenesis from inflorescence explants and peroxidase involvement in morphogenesis of Populus euphratica Olivier. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:2067-78. [PMID: 23076569 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inflorescences as explants for rapid propagation in vitro remained unknown in Populus euphratica Olivier. Here, we reported that multiple shoots were initiation from calli of both male and female inflorescences. The optimum medium for shoot induction from male inflorescences was lactose sulfite medium containing 1.0 mg L(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 mg L(-1) α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg L(-1) BA and 0.2 mg L(-1) NAA. The optimum medium of shoot induction from female inflorescence calli was the MS medium containing 0.5 mg L(-1) BA and 0.2 mg L(-1) NAA. Rooting of regenerated shoots was obtained on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5∼1.0 mg L(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the highest frequency rooting was on medium containing 0.5 mg L(-1) IBA. No shoots were obtained on medium without BA and NAA. Peroxidase (POD) activity was measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis during shoot induction and differentiation stages. The results showed that two bands of POD (2a and 2b) activity appeared lowest during the early 8 days at the dedifferentiation phase of leaves inducing calli, whereas POD 2a, 2b activity appeared to be increasing at the homeochronous dedifferentiation phase of inflorescence. Five most intensive bands, POD 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, and ab, appeared in 8th and 28th days at the redifferentiation phase during shoot morphogenesis. These results demonstrated that the POD was involved in shoot morphogenesis from both leaf and inflorescence explants of Populus euphratica.
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Yadav NS, Shukla PS, Jha A, Agarwal PK, Jha B. The SbSOS1 gene from the extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata enhances Na(+) loading in xylem and confers salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23057782 PMCID: PMC3548769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth and development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis resulting cellular toxicity. The Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene encodes a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that plays an important role in imparting salt stress tolerance to plants. Here, we report the cloning and characterisation of the SbSOS1 gene from Salicornia brachiata, an extreme halophyte. RESULTS The SbSOS1 gene is 3774 bp long and encodes a protein of 1159 amino acids. SbSOS1 exhibited a greater level of constitutive expression in roots than in shoots and was further increased by salt stress. Overexpressing the S. brachiata SbSOS1 gene in tobacco conferred high salt tolerance, promoted seed germination and increased root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, K(+)/Na(+) ratio, membrane stability index, soluble sugar, proline and amino acid content relative to wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic plants exhibited reductions in electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content in response to salt stress, which probably occurred because of reduced cytosolic Na(+) content and oxidative damage. At higher salt stress, transgenic tobacco plants exhibited reduced Na(+) content in root and leaf and higher concentrations in stem and xylem sap relative to WT, which suggests a role of SbSOS1 in Na(+) loading to xylem from root and leaf tissues. Transgenic lines also showed increased K(+) and Ca(2+) content in root tissue compared to WT, which reflect that SbSOS1 indirectly affects the other transporters activity. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of SbSOS1 in tobacco conferred a high degree of salt tolerance, enhanced plant growth and altered physiological and biochemical parameters in response to salt stress. In addition to Na(+) efflux outside the plasma membrane, SbSOS1 also helps to maintain variable Na(+) content in different organs and also affect the other transporters activity indirectly. These results broaden the role of SbSOS1 in planta and suggest that this gene could be used to develop salt-tolerant transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh Yadav
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Anupama Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G.B. Road, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
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Song A, Lu J, Jiang J, Chen S, Guan Z, Fang W, Chen F. Isolation and characterisation of Chrysanthemum crassum SOS1, encoding a putative plasma membrane Na(+) /H(+) antiporter. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:706-13. [PMID: 22404736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA homologue of SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) was isolated from the salinity-tolerant species Chrysanthemum crassum and found to encode a Na(+) /H(+) antiporter, using degenerate PCR and RACE-PCR. The 3752-bp sequence comprised a 3438 bp open reading frame, encoding a 127-kDa protein with 12 transmembrane domains within its N terminal portion, and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic tail in its C-terminal portion. CcSOS1 appears to be a plasma membrane protein, and shares ∼62% identity at the peptide level with its Arabidopsis thaliana homologue. Expression of CcSOS1 in the roots of C. crassum was sensitive to salinity stress, while in the leaves CcSOS1 was down-regulated in the presence of abscisic acid. CcSOS1 transcript abundance was reduced in both roots and leaves of plants exposed to low temperature, while it was increased in leaves (but not in roots) after drought stress. CcSOS1 expression was not regulated in the presence of CaCl2 . A heterologous complementation assay in yeast suggested that CcSOS1 directs Na(+) efflux, mimicking the function of the endogenous NHA1 protein. Thus CcSOS1 appears to encode a salinity-inducible plasma membrane Na(+) /H(+) antiporter. This gene may be useful in transgenic approaches to improving the salinity tolerance of related ornamental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Lu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Guan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Kobayashi S, Abe N, Yoshida KT, Liu S, Takano T. Molecular cloning and characterization of plasma membrane- and vacuolar-type Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters of an alkaline-salt-tolerant monocot, Puccinellia tenuiflora. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2012; 125:587-594. [PMID: 22270695 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of salt tolerance in plants might lead to the genetic engineering of crops that can grow in saline soils. Here we cloned and characterized plasma membrane and vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters of a monocotyledonous alkaline-tolerant halophyte, Puccinellia tenuiflora. The predicted amino acid sequence of the transporters were very similar to those of orthologs in monocotyledonous crops. Expression analysis showed that (1) NHA was more strongly induced by NaCl in the roots of P. tenuiflora while in rice it was rather induced in the shoots, suggesting that the role of NHA in salt excretion from the roots partly accounts for the difference in the tolerance of the two species, and that (2) NHXs were specifically induced by NaHCO₃ but not by NaCl in the roots of both species, suggesting that vacuolar-type Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters play roles in pH regulation under alkaline salt conditions. Overexpression of the antiporters resulted in increased tolerance of shoots to NaCl and roots to NaHCO₃. Overexpression lines exhibited a lower Na⁺ content and a higher K⁺ content in shoots under NaCl treatments, leading to a higher Na⁺/H⁺ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shio Kobayashi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center-ANESC, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
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Kong X, Luo Z, Dong H, Eneji AE, Li W. Effects of non-uniform root zone salinity on water use, Na+ recirculation, and Na+ and H+ flux in cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2105-16. [PMID: 22200663 PMCID: PMC3295398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new split-root system was established through grafting to study cotton response to non-uniform salinity. Each root half was treated with either uniform (100/100 mM) or non-uniform NaCl concentrations (0/200 and 50/150 mM). In contrast to uniform control, non-uniform salinity treatment improved plant growth and water use, with more water absorbed from the non- and low salinity side. Non-uniform treatments decreased Na(+) concentrations in leaves. The [Na(+)] in the '0' side roots of the 0/200 treatment was significantly higher than that in either side of the 0/0 control, but greatly decreased when the '0' side phloem was girdled, suggesting that the increased [Na(+)] in the '0' side roots was possibly due to transportation of foliar Na(+) to roots through phloem. Plants under non-uniform salinity extruded more Na(+) from the root than those under uniform salinity. Root Na(+) efflux in the low salinity side was greatly enhanced by the higher salinity side. NaCl-induced Na(+) efflux and H(+) influx were inhibited by amiloride and sodium orthovanadate, suggesting that root Na(+) extrusion was probably due to active Na(+)/H(+) antiport across the plasma membrane. Improved plant growth under non-uniform salinity was thus attributed to increased water use, reduced leaf Na(+) concentration, transport of excessive foliar Na(+) to the low salinity side, and enhanced Na(+) efflux from the low salinity root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiang Kong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR of China
| | - Hezhong Dong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR of China
| | - A. Egrinya Eneji
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR of China
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Weijiang Li
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR of China
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Yue Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Duan L, Li Z. SOS1 gene overexpression increased salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco by maintaining a higher K(+)/Na(+) ratio. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:255-61. [PMID: 22115741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is greatly affected by soil salinity, so improvement in salinity tolerance of crops is a major objective of many studies. We overexpressed the Arabidopsis thaliana SOS1 gene, which encodes a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc). Compared with nontransgenic plants, seeds from transgenic tobacco had better germination under 120 mM (mmol L(-1)) NaCl stress; chlorophyll loss in the transgenic seedlings treated with 360 mM NaCl was less; transgenic tobacco showed superior growth after irrigation with NaCl solutions; and transgenic seedlings with 150 mM NaCl stress accumulated less Na(+) and more K(+). In addition, roots of SOS1-overexpressing seedlings lost less K(+) instantaneously in response to 50 mM NaCl than control plants. These results showed that the A. thaliana SOS1 gene potentially can improve the salt tolerance of other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Agronomy, Centre of Crop Chemical Control, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2#, Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Beritognolo I, Harfouche A, Brilli F, Prosperini G, Gaudet M, Brosché M, Salani F, Kuzminsky E, Auvinen P, Paulin L, Kangasjärvi J, Loreto F, Valentini R, Mugnozza GS, Sabatti M. Comparative study of transcriptional and physiological responses to salinity stress in two contrasting Populus alba L. genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:1335-1355. [PMID: 21911439 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important limiting factor to tree growth and productivity. Populus alba L. is a moderately salt-tolerant species and its natural populations are adapted to contrasting environments, thus providing genetic resources to identify key genes for tolerance to abiotic stress, such as salinity. To elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of variation for salinity tolerance in P. alba, we analyzed the short-term ecophysiological and transcriptome response to salinity. Two contrasting genotypes, 6K3, salt sensitive, and 14P11, salt tolerant, originating from North and South Italy, respectively, were challenged with salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Sodium accumulated in the leaves of salt-treated plants and its concentration increased with time. The net photosynthesis was strongly reduced by salinity in both genotypes, with 6K3 being significantly more affected than 14P11. The transcriptional changes in leaves were analyzed using cDNA microarrays containing about 7000 stress-related poplar expressed sequence tags (EST). A microarray experiment based on RNA pooling showed a number of salinity--regulated transcripts that markedly increased from 3 h to 3 days of salinity treatment. Thus, a detailed analysis was performed on replicated plants collected at 3 days, when ~20% of transcripts showed significant change induced by salinity. In 6K3, there were more genes with decreased expression than genes with increased expression, whereas such a difference was not found in 14P11. Most transcripts with decreased expression were shared between the two genotypes, whereas transcripts with increased expression were mostly regulated in a genotype-specific manner. The commonly decreased transcripts (71 genes) were functionally related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. These biological processes were consistent with the strong inhibition of photosynthesis, caused by salinity. The commonly increased transcripts (13 genes) were functionally related to primary metabolism and biosynthesis of proteins and macromolecules. The salinity-increased transcripts discriminated the molecular response of the two genotypes. In 14P11, the 21 genes specifically salinity-induced were related to stress response, cell development, cell death and catabolism. In 6K3, the 15 genes with salinity-increased expression were involved in protein biosynthesis, metabolism of macromolecules and cell organization and biogenesis. The difference in transcriptome response between the two genotypes could address the molecular basis of intra-specific variation of salinity tolerance in P. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Beritognolo
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Wang J, Wu Y, Ren G, Guo Q, Liu J, Lascoux M. Genetic differentiation and delimitation between ecologically diverged Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26530. [PMID: 22028897 PMCID: PMC3197521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fixed genetic differences between ecologically divergent species were found to change greatly depending on the markers examined. With such species it is difficult to differentiate between shared ancestral polymorphisms and past introgressions between the diverging species. In order to disentangle these possibilities and provide a further case for DNA barcoding of plants, we examine genetic differentiation between two ecologically divergent poplar species, Populus euphratica Oliver and P. pruinosa Schrenk using three different types of genetic marker. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We genotyped 290 individuals from 29 allopatric and sympatric populations, using chloroplast (cp) DNA, nuclear (nr) ITS sequences and eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Three major cpDNA haplotypes were widely shared between the two species and between-species cpDNA differentiation (F(CT)) was very low, even lower than among single species populations. The average SSR F(CT) values were higher. Bayesian clustering analysis of all loci allowed a clear delineation of the two species. Gene flow, determined by examining all SSR loci, was obvious but only slightly asymmetrical. However, the two species were almost fixed for two different nrITS genotypes that had the highest F(CT), although a few introgressed individuals were detected both in allopatric and sympatric populations. CONCLUSIONS The two species shared numerous ancestral polymorphisms at cpDNA and a few SSR loci. Both ITS and a combination of nuclear SSR data could be used to differentiate between the two species. Introgressions and gene flow were obvious between the two species either during or after their divergence. Our findings underscore the complex genetic differentiations between ecologically diverged species and highlight the importance of nuclear DNA (especially ITS) differentiation for delimiting closely related plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Molecular Ecology Group, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Molecular Ecology Group, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangpeng Ren
- Molecular Ecology Group, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiuhong Guo
- Molecular Ecology Group, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Molecular Ecology Group, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, Sweden
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Feki K, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM, Masmoudi K. Regulation of durum wheat Na+/H + exchanger TdSOS1 by phosphorylation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 76:545-56. [PMID: 21573979 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) exchanger from durum wheat, designated TdSOS1. Heterologous expression of TdSOS1 in a yeast strain lacking endogenous Na(+) efflux proteins showed complementation of the Na(+)- and Li(+)-sensitive phenotype by a mechanism involving cation efflux. Salt tolerance conferred by TdSOS1 was maximal when co-expressed with the Arabidopsis protein kinase complex SOS2/SOS3. In vitro phosphorylation of TdSOS1 with a hyperactive form of the Arabidopsis SOS2 kinase (T/DSOS2∆308) showed the importance of two essential serine residues at the C-terminal hydrophilic tail (S1126, S1128). Mutation of these two serine residues to alanine decreased the phosphorylation of TdSOS1 by T/DSOS2∆308 and prevented the activation of TdSOS1. In addition, deletion of the C-terminal domain of TdSOS1 encompassing serine residues at position 1126 and 1128 generated a hyperactive form that had maximal sodium exclusion activity independent from the regulatory SOS2/SOS3 complex. These results are consistent with the presence of an auto-inhibitory domain at the C-terminus of TdSOS1 that mediates the activation of TdSOS1 by the protein kinase SOS2. Expression of TdSOS1 mRNA in young seedlings of the durum wheat variety Om Rabia3, using different abiotic stresses (ionic and oxidative stress) at different times of exposure, was monitored by RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Feki
- Plant Protection and Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wu GQ, Xi JJ, Wang Q, Bao AK, Ma Q, Zhang JL, Wang SM. The ZxNHX gene encoding tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter from the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum plays important roles in response to salt and drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:758-67. [PMID: 21216025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na(+)) has been found to play important roles in the adaptation of xerophytic species to drought conditions. The tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (NHX) proved to be involved in the compartmentalization of Na(+) into vacuoles from the cytosol. In this study, a gene (ZxNHX) encoding tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter was isolated and characterized in Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, a succulent xerophyte growing in desert areas of northwest China. The results revealed that ZxNHX consisted of 532 amino acid residues with a conserved binding domain ((78)LFFIYLLPPI(87)) for amiloride and shared high similarity (73-81%) with the identified tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporters in other plant species. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA level of ZxNHX was significantly higher in the leaf than in stem or root. The transcript abundance of ZxNHX in Z. xanthoxylum subjected to salt (5-150 mM NaCl) or drought (50-15% of field water capacity (FWC)) was 1.4-8.4 times or 2.3-4.4 times that of plants grown in the absence of NaCl or 70% of FWC, respectively. Leaf Na(+) concentration in plants exposed to salt or drought was 1.7-5.2 times or 1.5-2.2 times that of corresponding control plants, respectively. It is clear that there is a positive correlation between up-regulation of ZxNHX and accumulation of Na(+) in Z. xanthoxylum exposed to salt or drought. Furthermore, Z. xanthoxylum accumulated larger amounts of Na(+) than K(+) in the leaf under drought conditions, even in low salt soil. In summary, our results suggest that ZxNHX encodes a tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter and plays important roles in Na(+) accumulation and homeostasis of Z. xanthoxylum under salt and drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture, School of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, P.O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Qiu Q, Ma T, Hu Q, Liu B, Wu Y, Zhou H, Wang Q, Wang J, Liu J. Genome-scale transcriptome analysis of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:452-61. [PMID: 21427158 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica is well-adapted to extreme desert environments and is an important model species for studying the effects of abiotic stresses on trees. Here we present the first deep transcriptomic analysis of this species. To maximize representation of conditional transcripts, mRNA was obtained from living tissues of desert-grown trees and two types of callus (salt-stressed and unstressed). De novo assembly generated 86,777 Unigenes using Solexa sequence data. These sequences covered 92% of previously reported P. euphratica expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 90% of the TIGR poplar ESTs, and a total of 58,499 high-quality unique sequences were annotated by BLAST similarity searches against public databases. We found that 27% of the total Unigenes were differentially expressed (up- or down-regulated) in response to salt stress in P. euphratica callus. These differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in transport, transcription, cellular communication and metabolism. In addition, we found that numerous putative genes involved in ABA regulation and biosynthesis were also differentially regulated. This study represents the deepest transcriptomic and gene-annotation analysis of P. euphratica to date. The genetic knowledge acquired should be very useful for future studies of the molecular adaptation of this tree species to abiotic stress and facilitate genetic manipulation of other poplar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Molecular Ecology Group, Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li J, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang Y, Jia H, Bi Y. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent hydrogen peroxide production is involved in the regulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and Na+/H+ antiporter protein in salt-stressed callus from Carex moorcroftii. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 141:239-50. [PMID: 21077901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is important for the activation of plant resistance to environmental stresses, and ion homeostasis is the physiological foundation for living cells. In this study, we investigated G6PDH roles in modulating ion homeostasis under salt stress in Carex moorcroftii callus. G6PDH activity increased to its maximum in 100 mM NaCl treatment and decreased with further increased NaCl concentrations. K+/Na+ ratio in 100 mM NaCl treatment did not exhibit significant difference compared with the control; however, in 300 mM NaCl treatment, it decreased. Low-concentration NaCl (100 mM) stimulated plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities as well as Na+/H+ antiporter protein expression, whereas high-concentration NaCl (300 mM) decreased their activity and expression. When G6PDH activity and expression were reduced by glycerol treatments, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein level and K+/Na+ ratio dramatically decreased. Simultaneously, NaCl-induced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation was abolished. Exogenous application of H₂O₂ increased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein expression and K+/Na+ ratio in the control and glycerol treatments. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, which counteracted NaCl-induced H₂O₂ accumulation, decreased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase and NADPH oxidase activities, Na+/H+ antiporter protein level and K+/Na+ ratio. Western blot result showed that G6PDH expression was stimulated by NaCl and H₂O₂, and blocked by DPI. Taken together, G6PDH is involved in H₂O₂ accumulation under salt stress. H₂O₂, as a signal, upregulated PM H+-ATPase activity and Na+/H+ antiporter protein level, which subsequently resulted in the enhanced K+/Na+ ratio. G6PDH played a central role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Chen J, Xiao Q, Wu F, Dong X, He J, Pei Z, Zheng H. Nitric oxide enhances salt secretion and Na(+) sequestration in a mangrove plant, Avicennia marina, through increasing the expression of H(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/H(+) antiporter under high salinity. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:1570-85. [PMID: 21030403 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of nitric oxide (NO) on ion homeostasis, by enhancing salt secretion in the salt glands and Na(+) sequestration into the vacuoles, was investigated in a salt-secreting mangrove tree, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. The major results are as follows: (i) under 400 mM NaCl treatment, the application of 100 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, significantly increased the density of salt crystals and salt secretion rate of the leaves, along with maintaining a low Na(+) to K(+) ratio in the leaves. (ii) The measurement of element contents by X-ray microanalysis in the epidermis and transversal sections of A. marina leaves revealed that SNP (100 µM) significantly increased the accumulation of Na(+) in the epidermis and hypodermal cells, particularly the Na(+) to K(+) ratio in the salt glands, but no such effects were observed in the mesophyll cells. (iii) Using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), both long-term SNP (100 µM) and transient SNP (30 µM) treatments significantly increased net Na(+) efflux in the salt glands. On the contrary, NO synthesis inhibitors and scavenger reversed the effects of NO on Na(+) flux. These results indicate that NO enhanced salt secretion by increasing net Na(+) efflux in the salt glands. (iv) Western blot analysis demonstrated that 100 µM SNP stimulated protein expressions of plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase and vacuolar membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter. (v) To further clarify the molecular mechanism of the effects of NO on enhancing salt secretion and Na(+) sequestration, partial cDNA fragments of PM H(+)-ATPase (HA1), PM Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (SOS1) and vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (NHX1) were isolated and transcriptional expression of HA1, SOS1, NHX1 and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c1) genes were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relative transcript abundance of the four genes were markedly increased in 100 µM SNP-treated A. marina. Moreover, the increase was reversed by NO synthesis inhibitors and scavenger. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that NO functions as a signal in salt resistance of A. marina by enhancing salt secretion and Na(+) sequestration, which depend on the increased expression of the H(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/H(+) antiporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Tang RJ, Liu H, Bao Y, Lv QD, Yang L, Zhang HX. The woody plant poplar has a functionally conserved salt overly sensitive pathway in response to salinity stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:367-80. [PMID: 20803312 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway plays an essential role in maintaining ion homeostasis and conferring salt tolerance. Here we identified three SOS components in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa, designated as PtSOS1, PtSOS2 and PtSOS3. These putative SOS genes exhibited an overlapping but distinct expression pattern in poplar plants and the transcript levels of SOS1 and SOS2 were responsive to salinity stress. In poplar mesophyll protoplasts, PtSOS1 was specifically localized in the plasma membrane, whereas PtSOS2 was distributed throughout the cell, and PtSOS3 was predominantly targeted to the plasma membrane. Heterologous expression of PtSOS1, PtSOS2 and PtSOS3 could rescue salt-sensitive phenotypes of the corresponding Arabidopsis sos mutants, demonstrating that the Populus SOS proteins are functional homologues of their Arabidopsis counterpart. In addition, PtSOS3 interacted with, and recruited PtSOS2 to the plasma membrane in yeast and in planta. Reconstitution of poplar SOS pathway in yeast cells revealed that PtSOS2 and PtSOS3 acted coordinately to activate PtSOS1. Moreover, expression of the constitutively activated form of PtSOS2 partially complemented the sos3 mutant but not sos1, suggesting that PtSOS2 functions genetically downstream of SOS3 and upstream of SOS1. These results indicate a strong functional conservation of SOS pathway responsible for salt stress signaling from herbaceous to woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
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Fraile-Escanciano A, Kamisugi Y, Cuming AC, Rodríguez-Navarro A, Benito B. The SOS1 transporter of Physcomitrella patens mediates sodium efflux in planta. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:750-61. [PMID: 20696009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
• SOS1 is an Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that plays a central role in Na(+) tolerance in land plants. SOS1 mediation of Na(+) efflux has been studied in plasma-membrane vesicles and deduced from the SOS1 suppression of the Na(+) sensitivity of yeast mutants defective in Na(+) -efflux. However, SOS1-mediated Na(+) efflux has not been characterized in either plant or yeast cells. Here, we use Physcomitrella patens to investigate the function of SOS1 in planta. • In P. patens, a nonvascular plant in which the study of ion cellular fluxes is technically simple, the existence of two SOS1 genes suggests that the Na(+) efflux remaining after the deletion of the ENA1 ATPase is mediated by a SOS1 system. Therefore, we cloned the P. patens SOS1 and SOS1B genes (PpSOS1 and PpSOS1B, respectively) and complementary DNAs, and constructed the PpΔsos1 and PpΔena1/PpΔsos1 deletion lines by gene targeting. • Comparison of wild-type, and PpΔsos1 and PpΔena1/PpΔsos1 mutant lines revealed that PpSOS1 is crucial for Na(+) efflux and that the PpΔsos1 line, and especially the PpΔena1/PpΔsos1 lines, showed excessive Na(+) accumulation and Na(+)-triggered cell death. The PpΔsos1 and PpΔena1/PpΔsos1 lines showed impaired high-affinity K(+) uptake. • Our data support the hypothesis that PpSOS1 mediates cellular Na(+) efflux and that PpSOS1 enhances K(+) uptake by an indirect effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fraile-Escanciano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Liu Y, Li X, Tan H, Liu M, Zhao X, Wang J. Molecular characterization of RsMPK2, a C1 subgroup mitogen-activated protein kinase in the desert plant Reaumuria soongorica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:836-44. [PMID: 20833058 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China, and can survive severe environmental stresses. To understand its potential signaling transduction pathway in stress tolerance, we investigated the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as possible mediators of abiotic stresses. A novel MAP kinase cDNA (RsMPK2) that encodes a 374 amino acid protein was isolated from R. soongorica. RsMPK2 belongs to the C1 subgroup, which is still functionally uncharacterized compared to groups A and B; and contains all 11 of the conserved MAPK subdomains and the TEY phosphorylation motif. RsMPK2 is expressed in vegetative (root, stem, leaf and callus) and reproductive (flower) organs. The transcripts of RsMPK2 were rapidly accumulated at high levels when R. soongorica was subjected to dehydration, salinity conditions and treatment with abscisic acid or hydrogen peroxide. Growth analysis of Escherichia coli (srl::Tn10) cells transformed with pPROEXHT-RsMPK2 showed that the expression products of RsMPK2 do not act as an osmoprotectant. But, the inhibition of RsMPK2 expression by the inhibitor U0126 induced a decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity under stresses, indicating that RsMPK2 is involved in the regulation of the antioxidant defense system in the response to stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Liu
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, PR China.
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Sun J, Wang MJ, Ding MQ, Deng SR, Liu MQ, Lu CF, Zhou XY, Shen X, Zheng XJ, Zhang ZK, Song J, Hu ZM, Xu Y, Chen SL. H2O2 and cytosolic Ca2+ signals triggered by the PM H-coupled transport system mediate K+/Na+ homeostasis in NaCl-stressed Populus euphratica cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:943-58. [PMID: 20082667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using confocal microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, we investigated the signalling of H(2)O(2), cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and the PM H(+)-coupled transport system in K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis control in NaCl-stressed calluses of Populus euphratica. An obvious Na(+)/H(+) antiport was seen in salinized cells; however, NaCl stress caused a net K(+) efflux, because of the salt-induced membrane depolarization. H(2)O(2) levels, regulated upwards by salinity, contributed to ionic homeostasis, because H(2)O(2) restrictions by DPI or DMTU caused enhanced K(+) efflux and decreased Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity. NaCl induced a net Ca(2+) influx and a subsequent rise of [Ca(2+)](cyt), which is involved in H(2)O(2)-mediated K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis in salinized P. euphratica cells. When callus cells were pretreated with inhibitors of the Na(+)/H(+) antiport system, the NaCl-induced elevation of H(2)O(2) and [Ca(2+)](cyt) was correspondingly restricted, leading to a greater K(+) efflux and a more pronounced reduction in Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity. Results suggest that the PM H(+)-coupled transport system mediates H(+) translocation and triggers the stress signalling of H(2)O(2) and Ca(2+), which results in a K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis via mediations of K(+) channels and the Na(+)/H(+) antiport system in the PM of NaCl-stressed cells. Accordingly, a salt stress signalling pathway of P. euphratica cells is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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