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Medras ZJH, Mostafa YM, Ahmed AAM, El‐Sayed NM. Arctigenin improves neuropathy via ameliorating apoptosis and modulating autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3068-3080. [PMID: 37170684 PMCID: PMC10493658 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress mediates the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy (DN) with activation of apoptotic pathway and reduction of autophagy. Arctigenin (ARC) is a natural lignan isolated from some plants of the Asteraceae family that shows antioxidant property. The present study aimed to explore the mechanistic neuroprotective effect of ARC on animal model for DN. METHODS DN was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 45 mg/kg, i.p, for five consecutive days and ARC was administered orally (25 or 50 mg) for 3 weeks. The mechanical sensitivity and thermal latency were determined using von Frey and hotplate, respectively. Beclin, p62, and LC3 were detected as markers for autophagy by western blot. Levels of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxides, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were detected as readout for oxidative stress. Apoptotic parameters and histopathological changes were revealed in all experimental groups. RESULTS The present study showed deterioration of the function and structure of neurons as a result of hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress and impaired autophagy were observed in diabetic neurons as well as the activation of apoptotic pathway. ARC improved the behavioral and histopathological changes of diabetic mice. ARC combated oxidative stress through diminishing lipid peroxidation and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This was concomitant by reducing the biomarkers of apoptosis. ARC augmented the expression of Beclin and LC3 while it lessened the expression of p62 indicating the activation of autophagy. These findings suggest that ARC can ameliorate DN by combating apoptosis and oxidative stress and improving autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacySuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyBadr University in CairoBadrEgypt
| | - Amal A. M. Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Norhan M. El‐Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacySuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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2
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El-Shewehy DMM, Elshopakey GE, Ismail A, Hassan SS, Ramez AM. Therapeutic Potency of Ginger, Garlic, and Pomegranate Extracts Against Cryptosporidium parvum-Mediated Gastro-Splenic Damage in Mice. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:32-41. [PMID: 36348178 PMCID: PMC10011320 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite infecting most mammalian hosts and causing major health issues. The present study investigated the efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts on the development and progression of experimental cryptosporidiosis in mice. METHODS Eighty-two mice were assigned to 6 groups: control, infected non-treated, metronidazole (MTZ), ginger, garlic, and pomegranate. The control group topically received no treatments. The infected non-treated group was experimentally infected by 104 C. parvum oocysts per mouse using a stomach tube. The MTZ group was infected with C. parvum oocysts combined with MTZ (50 mg/kg b.w./day). The ginger, garlic, and pomegranate groups daily received different plant extracts at doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 3 gm/kg BW, respectively, followed by infection with C. parvum oocysts. All treatments were applied orally one day after the infection for continuous 30 days. RESULTS Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations for P53 and caspase-3 expressions in stomach and spleen tissues showed that MTZ and garlic-treated mice had a more significant effect on infected mice. CONCLUSION The garlic extract was found to exert a more pronounced effect on infected mice compared with the other treatments as well as to improve health. Garlic extracts, therefore, represent an effective and natural therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis with low side effects and without drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M M El-Shewehy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Ismail
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S Hassan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Amany M Ramez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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3
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Yang M, Hou CY, Hsu HY, Hazeena SH, Santoso SP, Yu CC, Chang CK, Gavahian M, Hsieh CW. Enhancing Bioactive Saponin Content of Raphanus sativus Extract by Thermal Processing at Various Conditions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238125. [PMID: 36500218 PMCID: PMC9735865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pickled radish (Raphanus sativus) is a traditional Asian ingredient, but the traditional method takes decades to make this product. To optimize such a process, this study compared the saponin content of pickled radishes with different thermal processing and traditional processes (production time of 7 days, 10 years, and 20 years) and evaluated the effects of different thermal processes on the formation of radish saponin through kinetics study and mass spectrometry. The results showed that increasing the pickling time enhanced the formation of saponin in commercial pickled radishes (25 °C, 7 days, 6.50 ± 1.46 mg g-1; 3650 days, 23.11 ± 1.22 mg g-1), but these increases were lower than those induced by thermal processing (70 °C 30 days 24.24 ± 1.01 mg g-1). However, it was found that the pickling time of more than 10 years and the processing temperature of more than 80 °C reduce the saponin content. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that the major saponin in untreated radish was Tupistroside G, whereas treated samples contained Asparagoside A and Timosaponin A1. Moreover, this study elucidated the chemical structure of saponins in TPR. The findings indicated that thermal treatment could induce functional saponin conversion in plants, and such a mechanism can also be used to improve the health efficacy of plant-based crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Haizhuan Rd., Nanzi Dist., Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Haizhuan Rd., Nanzi Dist., Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan Dist., Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (C.-W.H.)
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (C.-W.H.)
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4
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Malek Mahdavi A, Javadivala Z, Ahmadian E. Effects of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Food Funct 2022; 13:3159-3169. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Present study aimed to systematically review the available investigations about the effects of okra on important inflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis...
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5
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Elshopakey GE, Elazab ST. Cinnamon Aqueous Extract Attenuates Diclofenac Sodium and Oxytetracycline Mediated Hepato-Renal Toxicity and Modulates Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Male Albino Rats. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8010009. [PMID: 33418920 PMCID: PMC7825122 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among commonly consumed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs are diclofenac sodium (DFS) and oxytetracycline (OTC), especially in developing countries because they are highly effective and cheap. However, the concomitant administration of anti-inflammatory drugs with antibiotics may exaggerate massive toxic effects on many organs. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cin) is considered one of the most broadly utilized plants with various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of cinnamon aqueous extract (Cin) against DFS and OTC hepato-renal toxicity. Eight groups (8/group) of adult male albino rats were treated orally for 15 days with physiological saline (control), Cin aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.w.), OTC (200 mg/kg b.w.), single dose of DFS at the 14th day (100 mg/kg b.w.), DFS + OTC, Cin + DFS, Cin + OTC, and Cin + DFS + OTC. The administration of DFS and/or OTC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as hepatic and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites, were also raised following DFS and OTC administration. Meanwhile, the activities of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver and kidney were significantly suppressed in DFS, OTC, and DFS + OTC treated rats. Moreover, hepatic and renal tissue sections from these rats exhibited overexpression of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-II on immunohistochemical investigation. The administration of Cin aqueous extract ameliorated the aforementioned deteriorations caused by DFS, OTC, and their combination. Conclusively, Cin is a promising protective plant extract capable of attenuating the oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation induced by DFS and OTC either alone or combined, on hepatic and renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-102-392-3945
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; or
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Okada Y, Okada M. Quercetin, caffeic acid and resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1021-1032. [PMID: 31773385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system of mammals is synchronized in concert with a central clock, but is also influenced by additional stimuli, including nutrients. However, little research has been done on polyphenols other than resveratrol and there seem to be no studies on their influence on young and old cells. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential effects of quercetin, caffeic acid, and resveratrol on young and old fibroblast cells in the expressions of different clock genes and aging-related genes, and further investigate the mechanism. The mRNA expression of different clock genes and aging-related genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of clock genes (BMAL1, PER1 and SIRT1) and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) were assessed by ELISA. Quercetin and caffeic acid in old fibroblast cells showed higher clock gene expression than resveratrol, quercetin increased Sirt1 expression, and caffeic acid increased Sirt6 expression indicating the possibility of an anti-aging effect. Also, quercetin and caffeic acid showed higher clock-controlled gene (Sirt1 and NR1D1) expression than resveratrol in young fibroblast cells. It appears that caffeic acid acts on NRF2 expression, and in turn to the actions of GRα, GDF11, Sirt1, and Sirt6. Regarding the increased expression of Per1, the activation effect on NR1D1 was confirmed only for caffeic acid in young fibroblast cells. Our results have confirmed the interplay of the circadian clock genes and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing & Health Management, Graduate School of Nursing & Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Tohgoku, Kamishidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, 463-8502, Japan.
| | - Mizue Okada
- Nutrition Section, Ageing and Nutrition Research, Yms Laboratory, Gifu, 503, Japan
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Deciphering the Nutraceutical Potential of Raphanus sativus-A Comprehensive Overview. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020402. [PMID: 30769862 PMCID: PMC6412475 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Raphanus sativus (Radish) belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is a widely consumed root vegetable all around the world. The nutritional and medicinal values of radishes have been proven by several researches. Extracts prepared from the aerial and underground parts of radishes have been used in the treatment of stomach disorders, urinary infections, hepatic inflammation, cardiac disorders and ulcers in folk medicine since the ancient times. The pharmaceutical potential of radishes is attributed to the presence of its beneficial secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, polyphenols and isothiocyanates. The present review has focused on the impact of radish extract administration under pathological complications, such as cancer, diabetes, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a comprehensive view of molecular mechanism behind the regulation of molecular drug targets associated with different types of cancers and diabetes by the bioactive compounds present in the radish extracts have been discussed in detail.
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8
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Islam MT. Phytochemical information and pharmacological activities of Okra (
Abelmoschus esculentus
): A literature‐based review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Zekkori B, Khallouki F, Bentayeb A, Fiorito S, Preziuso F, Taddeo VA, Epifano F, Genovese S. A New Phytochemical and Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Different Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa Extracts. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical composition of Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa, commonly known as crisphead lettuce, from Morocco has been re-investigated for the presence of oxyprenylated cinnamic acid and coumarin derivatives. In the mean time also the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from leaves obtained by the use of a Soxhlet apparatus have been assessed. The extracts had a high content of polyphenols with remarkable differences ranging from 0.19 to 0.38 mg gallic acid eq/mg, while the content of flavonoids ranged from 3.75 to 9.64 mg catechin eq/g. The hydroalcoholic extract with a polarity index of 5.8 displayed the best anti-oxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. The same extracts were screened by reverse-phase HPLC-UV/V analysis for the presence of biologically active oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids. Only 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid was recorded in detectable amounts. Results described herein enforce the nutraceutical value and depict a potential chemopreventive dietary feeding role for crisphead lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Zekkori
- Equipe physic-chimie de la matiére condense, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Team of Physiology & Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Amar Bentayeb
- Equipe physic-chimie de la matiére condense, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Preziuso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
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The Protective Effect of the Total Flavonoids of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Flowers on Transient Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Is due to Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8987173. [PMID: 30174782 PMCID: PMC6098902 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8987173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus L. has favorable nutritional/medicinal features. We found the content of total flavonoids in flower extract to be the highest (788.56 mg/g) of all the different parts of A. esculentus; according to high-performance liquid chromatography, the quercetin-3-O-[β-D-glu-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside content was 122.13 mg/g. Protective effects of an extract of the total flavonoids of A. esculentus flowers (AFF) on transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (TCI-RI) were investigated. Compared with the model group, mice treated with AFF (300 mg/kg) for 7 days showed significantly reduced neurologic deficits, infarct area, and histologic changes in brain tissue, accompanied by increased contents of superoxide dismutase, whereas contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde decreased. AFF upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. These data suggest that AFF protects against TCI-RI by scavenging free radicals and activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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11
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Ganesan K, Xu B. Polyphenol-Rich Dry Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Their Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2331. [PMID: 29113066 PMCID: PMC5713300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant metabolites with potent anti-oxidant properties, which help to reduce the effects of oxidative stress-induced dreaded diseases. The evidence demonstrated that dietary polyphenols are of emerging increasing scientific interest due to their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases in humans. Possible health beneficial effects of polyphenols are based on the human consumption and their bioavailability. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a greater source of polyphenolic compounds with numerous health promoting properties. Polyphenol-rich dry common beans have potential effects on human health, and possess anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties. Based on the studies, the current comprehensive review aims to provide up-to-date information on the nutritional compositions and health-promoting effect of polyphenol-rich common beans, which help to explore their therapeutic values for future clinical studies. Investigation of common beans and their impacts on human health were obtained from various library databases and electronic searches (Science Direct PubMed, and Google Scholar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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Banihani SA. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1014. [PMID: 28906451 PMCID: PMC5622774 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than three decades, various in vitro and in vivo studies have linked radishes with diabetes, though this link has not been discussed. This review systematically addresses and summarizes the effect of radishes on diabetes. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE databases for English language articles from June 1987 through May 2017 using the key words "radish" and "diabetes," and the references from particular reports were also considered if relevant. In summary, radish has been identified as having antidiabetic effects, making it favorable for those with diabetic conditions. This may be due to its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism and reduce the accumulation of free radicals, affect hormonal-induced glucose hemostasis, promote glucose uptake and energy metabolism, and reduce glucose absorption in the intestine. However, this summary requires further confirmation in research in vivo studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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13
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Okada Y, Okada M. In vitro screening on amyloid beta modulation of aqueous extracts from plant seeds. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8:141-5. [PMID: 27134467 PMCID: PMC4832905 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glycation process might contribute to both extensive protein cross-linking and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid-like aggregation of glycated bovine serum albumin induces apoptosis in the neuronal cell. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenols are beneficial to AD, and consumption of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of AD. We conducted a screening of 14 aqueous extracts from plant seeds (PSAE) for inhibitory activity on amyloid beta (Aβ). Materials and Methods: To examine the effects of PSAE on the Aβ (1–42) concentration, PSAE were analyzed by Aβ (1–42) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, we carried out an antiglycation experiment of PSAE and an antiaggregation experiment of PSAE to confirm the modification mechanism of PSAE. PSAE were added to buffer containing D-ribose and albumins. The solutions were incubated at 37°C for 10 days. After incubation, the products were assayed on a fluorophotometer. Results: PSAE associated differential reduction in the levels of Aβ (1–42) (lettuce; 98.7% ± 2.4%, bitter melon; 95.9% ± 2.6%, and corn; 93.9% ± 2.1%), demonstrating that treatment with lettuce seeds extracts (LSE) effectively decreases Aβ (1–42) concentration. Among the 14 PSAE, LSE exhibited the second greatest potential for antiglycation. Inhibition of aggregates was not recognized in LSE. Conclusion: These results suggest that LSE reduces the toxicity of Aβ by modifying Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing and Health Management, Graduate School of Nursing and Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Tohgoku, Kamishidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, 463-8502, Japan
| | - Mizue Okada
- Nutrition Section, Ageing and Nutrition Research, Yms Laboratory, Gifu, Japan
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Tabandeh MR, Jafari H, Hosseini SA, Hashemitabar M. Ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates adiponectin signaling in C2C12 muscle cells through up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:125-132. [PMID: 25311947 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.912237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rb1 ginsenoside, the key element of ginseng root, is widely used as an herbal therapeutic drug in diabetic patients. Various hypoglycemic mechanisms have been described for Rb1; however, to date, there has been no report on the effect of Rb1 on adiponectin signaling. OBJECTIVES The current study was performed to establish the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the gene expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and their correlation to GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myotubes were incubated with various concentrations of Rb1 (0.001-100 µM) for different incubation times (1-12 h). Real time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to investigate the expression changes of adiponectin receptors (AdRs) and GLUT4 translocation, respectively. Gene silencing of AdipoR1 using specific siRNA was used to determine whether inhibition of AdipoR1 would reduce Rb1-induced GLUT-4 translocation in C2C12 cells. RESULTS Rb1 significantly stimulated basal AdRs expression levels in a time and dose-dependent manner; the maximal effect was attained at a concentration of 100 µM and a time of 3 h (p < 0.05). In muscle cells, Rb1 increased GLUT4 translocations to the cell surface, which was correlated with increasing the adiponectin receptors gene expression. Rb1-induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by the silencing of AdipoR1 mRNA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 promote translocations of GLUT4 by activating the adiponectin signaling pathway. The results can be helpful in understanding the novel antidiabetic mechanism of Rb1 ginsenoside and gain further support for its use as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran and
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de Oliveira JR, de Aguiar Almeida RB, das Graças Figueiredo Vilela P, de Oliveira FE, da Rocha RF, Jorge AOC, de Oliveira LD. Control of microorganisms of oral health interest with Arctium lappa L. (burdock) extract non-cytotoxic to cell culture of macrophages (RAW 264.7). Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:808-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Martínez-Cruz O, Paredes-López O. Phytochemical profile and nutraceutical potential of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Fan S, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yu L, Li M, Zheng B, Wu X, Yang B, Li Y, Huang C. Extract of okra lowers blood glucose and serum lipids in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:702-9. [PMID: 24746837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Okra is an important tropical vegetable and source of dietary medicine. Here, we assayed the effects of an ethanol extract of okra (EO) and its major flavonoids isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse. We found that treatment with EO, isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. Meanwhile, serum triglyceride levels and liver morphology in the mice were significantly ameliorated by EO and isoquercitrin treatment. Total cholesterol levels in isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside treated mice were also reduced. We also found that EO inhibited the expression of nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARγ, which is an important regulator of lipid and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, we determined that EO and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside have antioxidant activity in vitro. Our results indicate that okra may serve as a dietary therapy for hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinhu Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ximin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Extraction, chemical characterization and biological activity determination of broccoli health promoting compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:78-95. [PMID: 23899380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) contains substantial amount of health-promoting compounds such as vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and dietary essential minerals; thus, it benefits health beyond providing just basic nutrition, and consumption of broccoli has been increasing over the years. This review gives an overview on the extraction and separation techniques, as well as the biological activity of some of the above mentioned compounds which have been published in the period January 2008 to January 2013. The work has been distributed according to the different families of health promoting compounds discussing the extraction procedures and the analytical techniques employed for their characterization. Finally, information about the different biological activities of these compounds has been also provided.
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Okada Y, Okada M. Protective effects of plant seed extracts against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:141-7. [PMID: 23833520 PMCID: PMC3697193 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by large deposits of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ is known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neurons, leading to cell death. In this study, we screened 15 plant seeds’ aqueous extracts (PSAE) for inhibitory effects on Aβ (25-35)-induced cell death using hippocampus neurons (HIPN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen chosen plants were nine medical herbs (Japanese honeywort, luffa, rapeseed, Chinese colza, potherb mustard, Japanese radish, bitter melon, red shiso, corn, and kaiware radish) and six general commercial plants (common bean, komatsuna, Qing geng cai, bell pepper, kale, and lettuce). PSAE were measured for total phenolic content (TPC) with the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and the 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of each seed extract was measured. To find a protectant against Aβ-induced oxidative stress, we screened 15 PSAE using a 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. To further unravel the anti-inflammatory effects of PSAE on Aβ-induced inflammation, PSAE were added to HIPN. The neuroprotective effects of the PSAE were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, measuring the cell viability in Aβ-induced HIPN. RESULTS: TPC of 15 PSAE was in the range of 0.024-1.96 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalents/gram. The aqueous extracts showed antioxidant activities. Furthermore, intracellular ROS accumulation resulting from Aβ treatment was reduced when cells were treated with some PSAE. Kale, bitter melon, kaiware radish, red shiso, and corn inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by the Aβ-stimulated neurons and all samples except Japanese honeywort showed enhancement of cell survival. CONCLUSION: From these results, we suggest that some plant seed extracts offer protection against Aβ-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing and Health Management, School of Nursing and Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Tohgoku, Kamishidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, Japan
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Mendoza-Sánchez M, Hernández-Montiel HL, Guzmán-Maldonado HS, Loarca-Piña GF, Salgado LM, Reynoso-Camacho R. Cooked common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) protect against β-cell damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 68:207-212. [PMID: 23595343 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease characterized by a hyperglycemic stage that leads to a chronic inflammatory state. We evaluated the in vivo effect of a diet supplemented with 25 % cooked black bean cultivar Negro 8025 (N8025) flour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The effect was assessed before (preventive-treatment) and after (treatment) the onset of diabetes. There is a significant decrease of total phenolic, tannins and anthocyanins content after cooking, and the concentration of most of the single phenols analyzed are only slightly decreased. The treatment group showed a significant reduction of glucose (22.8 %), triglycerides (21.9 %), total cholesterol (29.9 %) and LDL (56.1 %) that correlates with a protection of pancreatic ß-cells. The diet with N8025 flour before the induction of diabetes did not exert a protective effect (glucose levels are similar to the diabetic control) but they have low levels of total cholesterol (47.5 %) and LDL (56.1 %). The preventive-treatment group did not inhibit the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β, whereas the treatment group did, compared to the diabetic control. Therefore, N8025 bean supplementation can be recommended to control diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, UAQ, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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Saravanan S, Pandikumar P, Pazhanivel N, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Hepatoprotective role of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:528-36. [PMID: 23581558 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.796032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic liver disease has become a global health problem. The research for prominent herbal agents for the management of liver diseases is widely increased. OBJECTIVE The root of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., (Malvaceae) has been used as a remedy for liver disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of the ethanol extract of A. esculentus root. MATERIALS AND METHOD The antioxidant effect was assessed using DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging assays. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was evaluated using CCl₄ intoxicated HepG₂ cell line and Wistar rats by estimating the levels of hepatic and antioxidant markers. RESULTS The extract of A. esculentus showed IC₅₀ values of 270.99 and 532.86 µg/mL for DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging assays, respectively. The incubation of HepG2 cells with CCl₄ drastically decreased the cell viability and increased the leakage of transaminases. Pre-treatment with the extract significantly restored the cell death by 31.25 and 39.04% at 200 and 400 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The reduction of ALT leakage by the treatment was 18.62, 38.59 and 52.15% compared to the CCl₄ treated cells at 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL, respectively. In in-vivo experiments also the treatment reduced the levels of transaminases, ALP, MDA, total bilirubin and hepatic TNFα levels as well as increased the antioxidant levels in a dose dependent manner. Histological observations of liver sections showed reduction in steatosis, necrosis and inflammation. CONCLUSION The results substantiated the hepatoprotective activity of A. esculentus through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Saravanan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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Abstract
Background Cinnamon bark is one of the most popular herbal ingredients in traditional oriental medicine and possesses diverse pharmacological activities including anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer properties. The goal of this study is to investigate the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effect of cinnamon water extract (CWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and its underlying intracellular mechanisms. Methods CWE was orally administrated to mice for 6 days prior to intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Serum levels of TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined 1 hour after LPS stimulation. Peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate-injected mice were isolated and assayed for viability, cytokine expression and signaling molecules upon LPS stimulation. CWE was further fractioned according to molecular size, and the levels of total polyphenols and biological activities of each fraction were measured. Results The oral administration of CWE to mice significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. CWE treatment in vitro decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α. CWE blocked the LPS-induced degradation of IκBα as well as the activation of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2. Furthermore, size-based fractionation of CWE showed that the observed inhibitory effect of CWE in vitro occurred in the fraction containing the highest level of total polyphenols. Conclusions Treatment with CWE decreased LPS-induced TNF-α in serum. In vitro inhibition of TNF-α gene by CWE may occur via the modulation of IκBα degradation and JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 activation. Our results also indicate that the observed anti-inflammatory action of CWE may originate from the presence of polyphenols.
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Gosmann G, Barlette AG, Dhamer T, Arçari DP, Santos JC, de Camargo ER, Acedo S, Gambero A, Gnoatto SCB, Ribeiro ML. Phenolic compounds from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:156-161. [PMID: 22544347 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis are used to prepare a tea known as maté which is a common beverage in several South American countries. The ethanol extract was fractionated to identify the compounds responsible for the anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Extracts of both fresh and dried maté leaves were subjected to column chromatography using molecular permeation to obtain the saponin (20 % yields) and the polyphenol extracts (40 % yields) from the fresh and dried leaves. The phenolic content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Also, maté extracts (50 μg/ml to 1,000 μg/ml) did not display citotoxicity using MTT. The polyphenol extract from the dried leaves was the most effective (50 μg/ml) in the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and rutin (100 μg/ml) likely accounted for a large portion of this activity. Additionally, maté extracts had a modulatory effect on the expression of genes related to the adipogenesis as PPARγ2, leptin, TNF-α and C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Khan V, Najmi AK, Akhtar M, Aqil M, Mujeeb M, Pillai KK. A pharmacological appraisal of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:27-42. [PMID: 22368396 PMCID: PMC3283954 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.92727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder that has gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Conventional agents are being used to control diabetes along with lifestyle management. However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser side-effects and low cost. This review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in diabetes. A record of various medicinal plants with their established antidiabetic and other health benefits has been reported. These include Allium sativa, Eugenia jambolana, Panax ginseng, Gymnema sylvestre, Momrodica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Trigonella foenum graecum and Tinospora cordifolia. All of them have shown a certain degree of antidiabetic activity by different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohd. Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - K. K. Pillai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Kim D, Han GD. Ameliorating effects of fermented rice bran extract on oxidative stress induced by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:285-290. [PMID: 21748436 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether fermented rice bran (FRB) can ameliorate the oxidative stress induced by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS), oil red O staining, as well as the expression of mRNAs related to glucose homeostasis and adipogenesis. It was first confirmed that rice bran fermented by Issatchenkia orientalis MFST1 extract increased free phenolic content compared to non-fermented rice bran. The FRB extract strongly inhibited ROS generation and upregulated the expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin. Moreover, FRB upregulated GLUT4 related to glucose transportation and insulin sensitivity. Taken together, FRB extract ameliorated oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance by neutralizing free radicals and upregulating adiponectin in adipocytes. Our results provide information toward understanding the beneficial effects of FRB on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Resources, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Adisakwattana S, Lerdsuwankij O, Poputtachai U, Minipun A, Suparpprom C. Inhibitory activity of cinnamon bark species and their combination effect with acarbose against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:143-8. [PMID: 21538147 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase is one of the therapeutic approaches for delaying carbohydrate digestion, resulting in reduced postprandial glucose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and the inhibitory effect of various cinnamon bark species against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. The results showed that the content of total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin ranged from 0.17 to 0.21 g gallic acid equivalent/g extract, from 48.85 to 65.52 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, and from 0.12 to 0.15 g catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. The HPLC fingerprints of each cinnamon species were established. Among cinnamon species, Thai cinnamon extract was the most potent inhibitor against the intestinal maltase with the IC(50) values of 0.58 ± 0.01 mg/ml. The findings also showed that Ceylon cinnamon was the most effective intestinal sucrase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor with the IC(50) values of 0.42 ± 0.02 and 1.23 ± 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, cinnamon extracts produced additive inhibition against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase when combined with acarbose. These results suggest that cinnamon bark extracts may be potentially useful for the control of postprandial glucose in diabetic patients through inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- The Medical Food Research and Development Center, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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