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de Souza RB, Cabello PH, Rosado EL, Junior MC, de Medeiros Abreu G. What Do We Know about Neonatal Diabetes caused by PDX1 Mutations? Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 21:e290124226471. [PMID: 38299270 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998265866231204070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, usually diagnosed in the first few months of an individual's life. It is a genetic disease and one of the main forms of monogenic diabetes. Changes in different genes have already been associated with NDM, including changes in the gene PDX1. METHODS In this review, we intend to summarize all neonatal diabetes cases caused by PDX1 mutations reported in the literature. For this purpose, we searched keywords in the literature from PubMed and articles cited by the HGMD database. The search retrieved 84 articles, of which 41 had their full text accessed. After applying the study exclusion criteria, nine articles were included. RESULTS Of those articles, we detected thirteen cases of NDM associated with changes in PDX1; the majority in homozygous or compound heterozygous patients. Until now, variants in the PDX1 gene have been a rare cause of NDM; however, few studies have included the screening of this gene in the investigation of neonatal diabetes. CONCLUSION In this review, we reinforce the importance of the PDX1 gene inclusion in genetic NGS panels for molecular diagnosis of NDM, and systematic morphological and functional exams of the pancreas when NDM is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritiele Bastos de Souza
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Hernán Cabello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Health Science, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Lopes Rosado
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Campos Junior
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Medeiros Abreu
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Ferreira G, Santander A, Cardozo R, Chavarría L, Domínguez L, Mujica N, Benítez M, Sastre S, Sobrevia L, Nicolson GL. Nutrigenomics of inward rectifier potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166803. [PMID: 37406972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and supporting potassium homeostasis. There are many variants of Kir channels, which are usually tetramers in which the main subunit has two trans-membrane helices attached to two N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic tails with a pore-forming loop in between that contains the selectivity filter. These channels have domains that are strongly modulated by molecules present in nutrients found in different diets, such as phosphoinositols, polyamines and Mg2+. These molecules can impact these channels directly or indirectly, either allosterically by modulation of enzymes or via the regulation of channel expression. A particular type of these channels is coupled to cell metabolism and inhibited by ATP (KATP channels, essential for insulin release and for the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus). Genomic changes in Kir channels have a significant impact on metabolism, such as conditioning the nutrients and electrolytes that an individual can take. Thus, the nutrigenomics of ion channels is an important emerging field in which we are attempting to understand how nutrients and diets can affect the activity and expression of ion channels and how genomic changes in such channels may be the basis for pathological conditions that limit nutrition and electrolyte intake. In this contribution we briefly review Kir channels, discuss their nutrigenomics, characterize how different components in the diet affect their function and expression, and suggest how their genomic changes lead to pathological phenotypes that affect diet and electrolyte intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Axel Santander
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Domínguez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Mujica
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Milagros Benítez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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Kaser S, Hofer SE, Kazemi-Shirazi L, Festa A, Winhofer Y, Sourij H, Brath H, Riedl M, Resl M, Clodi M, Stulnig T, Ress C, Luger A. [Other specific types of diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (update 2023)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:18-31. [PMID: 37101022 PMCID: PMC10133035 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterogenous category "specific types of diabetes due to other causes" encompasses disturbances in glucose metabolism due to other endocrine disorders such as acromegaly or hypercortisolism, drug-induced diabetes (e.g. antipsychotic medications, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), checkpoint inhibitors), genetic forms of diabetes (e.g. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), neonatal diabetes, Down‑, Klinefelter- and Turner Syndrome), pancreatogenic diabetes (e.g. postoperatively, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, haemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis), and some rare autoimmune or infectious forms of diabetes. Diagnosis of specific diabetes types might influence therapeutic considerations. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is not only found in patients with pancreatogenic diabetes but is also frequently seen in type 1 and long-standing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kaser
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin 1, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
| | - Sabine E Hofer
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie 1, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Lili Kazemi-Shirazi
- Klinische Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Andreas Festa
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, LK Stockerau, Stockerau, Österreich
| | - Yvonne Winhofer
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Harald Sourij
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Helmut Brath
- Mein Gesundheitszentrum Favoriten, Österreichische Gesundheitskasse, Wien, Österreich
| | - Michaela Riedl
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Michael Resl
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Martin Clodi
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz, Linz, Österreich
- ICMR - Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Thomas Stulnig
- 3. Medizinische Abteilung und Karl Landsteiner Institut für Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Nephrologie, Klinik Hietzing, Wien, Österreich
| | - Claudia Ress
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin 1, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Anton Luger
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
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Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, Rewers A, Cherubini V, Estrada S, Wolfsdorf JI, Codner E. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:835-856. [PMID: 36250645 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maria Fritsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leena Priyambada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sylvia Estrada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of the Philippines, College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joseph I Wolfsdorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hammoud B, Greeley SAW. Growth and development in monogenic forms of neonatal diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:65-77. [PMID: 34864759 PMCID: PMC11056188 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare disorder in which 80-85% of infants diagnosed under 6 months of age will be found to have an underlying monogenic cause. This review will summarize what is known about growth and neurodevelopmental difficulties among individuals with various forms of NDM. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with NDM often have intrauterine growth restriction and/or low birth weight because of insulin deficiency in utero and the severity and likelihood of ongoing growth concerns after birth depends on the specific cause. A growing list of rare recessive causes of NDM are associated with neurodevelopmental and/or growth problems that can either be related to direct gene effects on brain development, or may be related to a variety of co-morbidities. The most common form of NDM results in spectrum of neurological disability due to expression of mutated KATP channels throughout the brain. SUMMARY Monogenic causes of neonatal diabetes are characterized by variable degree of restriction of growth in utero because of deficiency of insulin that depends on the specific gene cause. Many forms also include a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disability because of mutation-related effects on brain development. Longer term study is needed to clarify longitudinal effects on growth into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Hammoud
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Ochoa E, Lee S, Lan-Leung B, Dias RP, Ong KK, Radley JA, Pérez de Nanclares G, Martinez R, Clark G, Martin E, Castaño L, Bottolo L, Maher ER. ImprintSeq, a novel tool to interrogate DNA methylation at human imprinted regions and diagnose multilocus imprinting disturbance. Genet Med 2022; 24:463-474. [PMID: 34906518 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disruptions of genomic imprinting are associated with congenital imprinting disorders (CIDs) and other disease states, including cancer. CIDs are most often associated with altered methylation at imprinted differentially methylated regions (iDMRs). In some cases, multiple iDMRs are affected causing multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLIDs). The availability of accurate, quantitative, and scalable high-throughput methods to interrogate multiple iDMRs simultaneously would enhance clinical diagnostics and research. METHODS We report the development of a custom targeted methylation sequencing panel that covered most relevant 63 iDMRs for CIDs and the detection of MLIDs. We tested it in 70 healthy controls and 147 individuals with CIDs. We distinguished loss and gain of methylation per differentially methylated region and classified high and moderate methylation alterations. RESULTS Across a range of CIDs with a variety of molecular mechanisms, ImprintSeq performed at 98.4% sensitivity, 99.9% specificity, and 99.9% accuracy (when compared with previous diagnostic testing). ImprintSeq was highly sensitive for detecting MLIDs and enabled diagnostic criteria for MLID to be proposed. In a child with extreme MLID profile a probable genetic cause was identified. CONCLUSION ImprintSeq provides a novel assay for clinical diagnostic and research studies of CIDs, MLIDs, and the role of disordered imprinting in human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eguzkine Ochoa
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Lan-Leung
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A Radley
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; London North West Regional Genetics Service, St. Mark's and Northwick Park hospitals, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Pérez de Nanclares
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Martinez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Graeme Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ezequiel Martin
- Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Castaño
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom; MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Dabi YT, Degechisa ST. Genome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 35719247 PMCID: PMC9199525 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s366967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Email
| | - Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Li C, Wang D, Jiang Z, Gao Y, Sun L, Li R, Chen M, Lin C, Liu D. Non-coding RNAs in diabetes mellitus and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:961802. [PMID: 36147580 PMCID: PMC9487522 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of the world's population already suffers from varying degrees of diabetes mellitus (DM), but there is still no cure for the disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most common and dangerous of the many health complications that can be brought on by DM, and has become the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. While research on DM and associated CVD is advancing, the specific mechanisms of their development are still unclear. Given the threat of DM and CVD to humans, the search for new predictive markers and therapeutic ideas is imminent. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been a popular subject of research in recent years. Although they do not encode proteins, they play an important role in living organisms, and they can cause disease when their expression is abnormal. Numerous studies have observed aberrant ncRNAs in patients with DM complications, suggesting that they may play an important role in the development of DM and CVD and could potentially act as biomarkers for diagnosis. There is additional evidence that treatment with existing drugs for DM, such as metformin, alters ncRNA expression levels, suggesting that regulation of ncRNA expression may be a key mechanism in future DM treatment. In this review, we assess the role of ncRNAs in the development of DM and CVD, as well as the evidence for ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets, and make use of bioinformatics to analyze differential ncRNAs with potential functions in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dianfeng Liu,
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Liguori F, Mascolo E, Vernì F. The Genetics of Diabetes: What We Can Learn from Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011295. [PMID: 34681954 PMCID: PMC8541427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and/or action. All diabetes types have a strong genetic component. The most frequent forms, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are multifactorial syndromes associated with several genes’ effects together with environmental factors. Conversely, rare forms, neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), are caused by mutations in single genes. Large scale genome screenings led to the identification of hundreds of putative causative genes for multigenic diabetes, but all the loci identified so far explain only a small proportion of heritability. Nevertheless, several recent studies allowed not only the identification of some genes as causative, but also as putative targets of new drugs. Although monogenic forms of diabetes are the most suited to perform a precision approach and allow an accurate diagnosis, at least 80% of all monogenic cases remain still undiagnosed. The knowledge acquired so far addresses the future work towards a study more focused on the identification of diabetes causal variants; this aim will be reached only by combining expertise from different areas. In this perspective, model organism research is crucial. This review traces an overview of the genetics of diabetes and mainly focuses on Drosophila as a model system, describing how flies can contribute to diabetes knowledge advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Nicht immer Typ 1 – seltene Diabetesformen bei Kindern. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-021-01238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kang E, Chung LY, Kim YJ, Oh KE, Rhie YJ. Monogenic diabetes mellitus and clinical implications of genetic diagnosis. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2021.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes mellitus, which is diabetes caused by a defect in a single gene that is associated with β cell function or insulin action, accounts for 1% to 6% of all pediatric diabetes cases. Accurate diagnosis is important, as the effective treatment differs according to genetic etiology in some types of monogenic diabetes: high-dose sulfonylurea treatment in neonatal diabetes caused by activating mutations in KCNJ11 or ABCC8; low-dose sulfonylurea treatment in HNF1A/HNF4A-diabetes; and no treatment in GCK diabetes. Monogenic diabetes should be suspected by clinicians for certain combinations of clinical features and laboratory results, and approximately 80% of monogenic diabetes cases are misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Here, we outline the types of monogenic diabetes and the clinical implications of genetic diagnosis.
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Zhang H, Colclough K, Gloyn AL, Pollin TI. Monogenic diabetes: a gateway to precision medicine in diabetes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142244. [PMID: 33529164 PMCID: PMC7843214 DOI: 10.1172/jci142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes refers to diabetes mellitus (DM) caused by a mutation in a single gene and accounts for approximately 1%-5% of diabetes. Correct diagnosis is clinically critical for certain types of monogenic diabetes, since the appropriate treatment is determined by the etiology of the disease (e.g., oral sulfonylurea treatment of HNF1A/HNF4A-diabetes vs. insulin injections in type 1 diabetes). However, achieving a correct diagnosis requires genetic testing, and the overlapping of the clinical features of monogenic diabetes with those of type 1 and type 2 diabetes has frequently led to misdiagnosis. Improvements in sequencing technology are increasing opportunities to diagnose monogenic diabetes, but challenges remain. In this Review, we describe the types of monogenic diabetes, including common and uncommon types of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, multiple causes of neonatal DM, and syndromic diabetes such as Wolfram syndrome and lipodystrophy. We also review methods of prioritizing patients undergoing genetic testing, and highlight existing challenges facing sequence data interpretation that can be addressed by forming collaborations of expertise and by pooling cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, and,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Toni I. Pollin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Severe Dental Disease as a Presenting Sign of Relapsed 6q24-Related Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus. Case Rep Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8828516. [PMID: 33274084 PMCID: PMC7683122 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare form of diabetes that presents in infancy and is characterized by intrauterine growth restriction and hyperglycemia without ketones on urinalysis. Patients are treated with insulin until remission, usually within the first year. Relapse to a permanent state may occur later in life, with a mean age of 14 years. The most common cause of TNDM is a chromosome 6q24 mutation that affects pancreatic β-cell function. Reports of relapse have been limited. We describe a case of an adolescent female with TNDM due to 6q24 hypomethylation who relapsed at 15 years of age with severe dental disease as the presenting sign.
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Uchida N, Ohnishi T, Kojima T, Takahashi T, Makita Y, Fukami M, Shibata H, Hasegawa T, Ishii T. Relapsing 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance: A case report. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 29:179-182. [PMID: 33088017 PMCID: PMC7534527 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.29.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of imprinted genes on chromosome 6q24 causes 6q24-related transient
neonatal diabetes mellitus (6q24-TNDM). Most cases of 6q24-TNDM show transient diabetes
mellitus (DM) during the neonatal period, followed by relapse after puberty. These two
courses of DM are both characterized by insulin insufficiency. However, there has been no
previously reported case of 6q24-TNDM with insulin resistance at relapse. We report the
case of a 10-yr-old Japanese girl with relapsing 6q24-TNDM. In the neonatal period, she
had hyperglycemia and was treated with insulin injection until 2 mo of age. After several
years of remission of DM, her HbA1c level increased to 7.4% at 10 yr of age. Homeostasis
model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was high at 6.2. After starting
metformin therapy, her glycemic control improved along with normalization of HOMA-IR
score. Using microsatellite marker analysis on the 6q24 region and array comparative
genome hybridization, we diagnosed her with 6q24-TNDM due to paternally inherited
duplication of 6q24. These data indicate that patients with 6q24-TNDM can develop
relapsing DM with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohnishi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuro Kojima
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Makita
- Education Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Lin Y, Sheng H, Ting TH, Xu A, Yin X, Cheng J, Mei H, Shao Y, Zeng C, Zhang W, Rao M, Liu L, Li X. Molecular and clinical characteristics of monogenic diabetes mellitus in southern Chinese children with onset before 3 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001345. [PMID: 32792356 PMCID: PMC7430402 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A specific molecular diagnosis of monogenic diabetes mellitus (MDM) will help to predict the clinical course and guide management. This study aims to identify the causative genes implicated in Chinese patients with MDM with onset before 3 years of age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 71 children with diabetes mellitus (43 diagnosed before 6 months of age, and 28 diagnosed between 6 months and 3 years of age who were negative for diabetes-associated autoantibodies) underwent genetic testing with a combination strategy of Sanger sequencing, chromosome microarray analysis and whole exome sequencing. They were categorized into four groups according to the age of onset of diabetes (at or less than 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 1 to 2 years, 2 to 3 years) to investigate the correlation between genotype and phenotype. RESULTS Genetic abnormalities were identified in 39 of 71 patients (54.93%), namely KCNJ11 (22), ABCC8 (3), GCK (3), INS (3), BSCL2 (1) and chromosome abnormalities (7). The majority (81.40%, 35/43) of neonatal diabetes diagnosed less than 6 months of age and 33.33% (3/9) of infantile cases diagnosed between 6 and 12 months of age had a genetic cause identified. Only 11.11% (1/9) of cases diagnosed between 2 and 3 years of age were found to have a genetic cause, and none of the 10 patients diagnosed between 1 and 2 years had a positive result in the genetic analysis. Vast majority or 90.48% (19/21) of patients with KCNJ11 (19) or ABCC8 (2) variants had successful switch trial from insulin to oral sulfonylurea. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that genetic testing should be given priority in diabetes cases diagnosed before 6 months of age, as well as those diagnosed between 6 and 12 months of age who were negative for diabetes-associated autoantibodies. This study also indicates significant impact on therapy with genetic cause confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Sheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tzer Hwu Ting
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aijing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Mei
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Shao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Rao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Le Bourgeois F, Beltrand J, Baz B, Julla JB, Riveline JP, Simon A, Flechtner I, Ait Djoudi M, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Vial Y, Scharfmann R, Sommet J, Boudou P, Cavé H, Polak M, Gautier JF, Busiah K. Long-term Metabolic and Socioeducational Outcomes of Transient Neonatal Diabetes: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1191-1199. [PMID: 32273272 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) occurs during the 1st year of life and remits during childhood. We investigated glucose metabolism and socioeducational outcomes in adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 27 participants with a history of TNDM currently with (n = 24) or without (n = 3) relapse of diabetes and 16 non-TNDM relatives known to be carriers of causal genetic defects and currently with (n = 9) or without (n = 7) diabetes. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and arginine-stimulation testing in a subset of 8 TNDM participants and 7 relatives carrying genetic abnormalities, with and without diabetes, compared with 17 unrelated control subjects without diabetes. RESULTS In TNDM participants, age at relapse correlated positively with age at puberty (P = 0.019). The mean insulin secretion rate and acute insulin response to arginine were significantly lower in TNDM participants and relatives of participants with diabetes than in control subjects (median 4.7 [interquartile range 3.7-5.7] vs. 13.4 [11.8-16.1] pmol/kg/min, P < 0.0001; and 84.4 [33.0-178.8] vs. 399.6 [222.9-514.9] µIU/mL, P = 0.0011), but were not different between participants without diabetes (12.7 [10.4-14.3] pmol/kg/min and 396.3 [303.3-559.3] µIU/mL, respectively) and control subjects. Socioeducational attainment was lower in TNDM participants than in the general population, regardless of diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS Relapse of diabetes occurred earlier in TNDM participants compared with relatives and was associated with puberty. Both groups had decreased educational attainment, and those with diabetes had lower insulin secretion capacity; however, there was no difference in insulin resistance in adulthood. These forms of diabetes should be included in maturity-onset diabetes of the young testing panels, and relatives of TNDM patients should be screened for underlying defects, as they may be treated with drugs other than insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Le Bourgeois
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care and Intensive Care, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,INSERM Unité Médicale de Recherche UMR 1016, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Baz Baz
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Julla
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Albane Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, André Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Isabelle Flechtner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Malek Ait Djoudi
- Centre Universitaire du Diabète et ses Complications, Hôpital Lariboisière, Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC 9504, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Vial
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM Unité Médicale de Recherche UMR 1016, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Sommet
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care and Intensive Care, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Boudou
- Unit of Hormonal Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,INSERM Unité Médicale de Recherche UMR 1016, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université de Paris, Paris, France .,INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kanetee Busiah
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Argyraki M, Damdimopoulou P, Chatzimeletiou K, Grimbizis GF, Tarlatzis BC, Syrrou M, Lambropoulos A. In-utero stress and mode of conception: impact on regulation of imprinted genes, fetal development and future health. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:777-801. [PMID: 31633761 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic gene regulatory mechanism; disruption of this process during early embryonic development can have major consequences on both fetal and placental development. The periconceptional period and intrauterine life are crucial for determining long-term susceptibility to diseases. Treatments and procedures in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and adverse in-utero environments may modify the methylation levels of genomic imprinting regions, including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)/H19, mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST), and paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), affecting the development of the fetus. ART, maternal psychological stress, and gestational exposures to chemicals are common stressors suspected to alter global epigenetic patterns including imprinted genes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our objective is to highlight the effect of conception mode and maternal psychological stress on fetal development. Specifically, we monitor fetal programming, regulation of imprinted genes, fetal growth, and long-term disease risk, using the imprinted genes IGF2/H19, MEST, and PEG10 as examples. The possible role of environmental chemicals in genomic imprinting is also discussed. SEARCH METHODS A PubMed search of articles published mostly from 2005 to 2019 was conducted using search terms IGF2/H19, MEST, PEG10, imprinted genes, DNA methylation, gene expression, and imprinting disorders (IDs). Studies focusing on maternal prenatal stress, psychological well-being, environmental chemicals, ART, and placental/fetal development were evaluated and included in this review. OUTCOMES IGF2/H19, MEST, and PEG10 imprinted genes have a broad developmental effect on fetal growth and birth weight variation. Their disruption is linked to pregnancy complications, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and cancer. Adverse early environment has a major impact on the developing fetus, affecting mostly growth, the structure, and subsequent function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurodevelopment. Extensive evidence suggests that the gestational environment has an impact on epigenetic patterns including imprinting, which can lead to adverse long-term outcomes in the offspring. Environmental stressors such as maternal prenatal psychological stress have been found to associate with altered DNA methylation patterns in placenta and to affect fetal development. Studies conducted during the past decades have suggested that ART pregnancies are at a higher risk for a number of complications such as birth defects and IDs. ART procedures involve multiple steps that are conducted during critical windows for imprinting establishment and maintenance, necessitating long-term evaluation of children conceived through ART. Exposure to environmental chemicals can affect placental imprinting and fetal growth both in humans and in experimental animals. Therefore, their role in imprinting should be better elucidated, considering the ubiquitous exposure to these chemicals. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Dysregulation of imprinted genes is a plausible mechanism linking stressors such as maternal psychological stress, conception using ART, and chemical exposures with fetal growth. It is expected that a greater understanding of the role of imprinted genes and their regulation in fetal development will provide insights for clinical prevention and management of growth and IDs. In a broader context, evidence connecting impaired imprinted gene function to common diseases such as cancer is increasing. This implies early regulation of imprinting may enable control of long-term human health, reducing the burden of disease in the population in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Argyraki
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, K57 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katerina Chatzimeletiou
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit for Human Reproduction, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F Grimbizis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit for Human Reproduction, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basil C Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit for Human Reproduction, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Dourouti University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Lambropoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Nicolaides NC, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Papadopoulou-Marketou N, Sertedaki A, Chrousos GP, Papassotiriou I. Emerging technologies in pediatrics: the paradigm of neonatal diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:522-531. [PMID: 32356495 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1752141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, the tremendous progress in next-generation sequencing technologies has allowed the identification of an ever-increasing number of genes associated with known Mendelian disorders. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare, genetically heterogeneous endocrine disorder diagnosed before 6 months of age. It may occur alone or in the context of genetic syndromes. Neonatal diabetes mellitus has been linked with genetic defects in at least 26 genes to date. Novel mutations in these disease-causing genes are being reported, giving us a better knowledge of the molecular events that occur upon insulin biosynthesis and secretion from the pancreatic β-cell. Of great importance, some of the identified genes encode proteins that can be therapeutically targeted by drugs per os, leading to transitioning from insulin to sulfonylureas. In this review, we provide an overview of pancreatic β-cell physiology, present the clinical manifestations and the genetic causes of the different forms of neonatal diabetes, and discuss the application of next-generation sequencing methods in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of neonatal diabetes and on research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,IFCC Emerging Technologies Division, Emerging Technologies in Pediatric Laboratory Medicine (C-ETPLM), Milano, Italy
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19
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A Triplication of 6q24 and Meconium Pseudocyst: A Case Report. Neonatal Netw 2020; 38:329-335. [PMID: 31712397 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.38.6.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rise in genetic screening both pre- and postnatally, new variances in genes are being recognized. Some are of unknown significance, while other known genetic expressions have obvious phenotypical expressions. Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is a result of the duplication of chromosome 6q24, but little is known about the phenotypic expression of a triplication of chromosome 6q24. This case study presents an infant with a postnatally diagnosed triplication of chromosome 6q24, meconium pseudocyst, and multiple congenital anomalies with unknown genetic significance.
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20
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Syding LA, Nickl P, Kasparek P, Sedlacek R. CRISPR/Cas9 Epigenome Editing Potential for Rare Imprinting Diseases: A Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040993. [PMID: 32316223 PMCID: PMC7226972 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting diseases (IDs) are rare congenital disorders caused by aberrant dosages of imprinted genes. Rare IDs are comprised by a group of several distinct disorders that share a great deal of homology in terms of genetic etiologies and symptoms. Disruption of genetic or epigenetic mechanisms can cause issues with regulating the expression of imprinted genes, thus leading to disease. Genetic mutations affect the imprinted genes, duplications, deletions, and uniparental disomy (UPD) are reoccurring phenomena causing imprinting diseases. Epigenetic alterations on methylation marks in imprinting control centers (ICRs) also alters the expression patterns and the majority of patients with rare IDs carries intact but either silenced or overexpressed imprinted genes. Canonical CRISPR/Cas9 editing relying on double-stranded DNA break repair has little to offer in terms of therapeutics for rare IDs. Instead CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in a more sophisticated way by targeting the epigenome. Catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) tethered with effector enzymes such as DNA de- and methyltransferases and histone code editors in addition to systems such as CRISPRa and CRISPRi have been shown to have high epigenome editing efficiency in eukaryotic cells. This new era of CRISPR epigenome editors could arguably be a game-changer for curing and treating rare IDs by refined activation and silencing of disturbed imprinted gene expression. This review describes major CRISPR-based epigenome editors and points out their potential use in research and therapy of rare imprinting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Amanda Syding
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nickl
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-325-873-243
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21
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Abstract
Imprinting disorders are a group of congenital diseases caused by dysregulation of genomic imprinting, affecting prenatal and postnatal growth, neurocognitive development, metabolism and cancer predisposition. Aberrant expression of imprinted genes can be achieved through different mechanisms, classified into epigenetic - if not involving DNA sequence change - or genetic in the case of altered genomic sequence. Despite the underlying mechanism, the phenotype depends on the parental allele affected and opposite phenotypes may result depending on the involvement of the maternal or the paternal chromosome. Imprinting disorders are largely underdiagnosed because of the broad range of clinical signs, the overlap of presentation among different disorders, the presence of mild phenotypes, the mitigation of the phenotype with age and the limited availability of molecular techniques employed for diagnosis. This review briefly illustrates the currently known human imprinting disorders, highlighting endocrinological aspects of pediatric interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carli
- University of Torino, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Evelise Riberi
- University of Torino, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- University of Torino, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Torino, Italy,* Address for Correspondence: University of Torino, Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Torino, Italy Phone: +39-011-313-1985 E-mail:
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22
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Elbracht M, Mackay D, Begemann M, Kagan KO, Eggermann T. Disturbed genomic imprinting and its relevance for human reproduction: causes and clinical consequences. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:197-213. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Human reproductive issues affecting fetal and maternal health are caused by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, of which the latter undoubtedly include genetic changes. Pathogenic variants in either maternal or offspring DNA are associated with effects on the offspring including clinical disorders and nonviable outcomes. Conversely, both fetal and maternal factors can affect maternal health during pregnancy. Recently, it has become evident that mammalian reproduction is influenced by genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon that regulates the expression of genes according to their parent from whom they are inherited. About 1% of human genes are normally expressed from only the maternally or paternally inherited gene copy. Since numerous imprinted genes are involved in (embryonic) growth and development, disturbance of their balanced expression can adversely affect these processes.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
This review summarises current our understanding of genomic imprinting in relation to human ontogenesis and pregnancy and its relevance for reproductive medicine.
SEARCH METHODS
Literature databases (Pubmed, Medline) were thoroughly searched for the role of imprinting in human reproductive failure. In particular, the terms ‘multilocus imprinting disturbances, SCMC, NLRP/NALP, imprinting and reproduction’ were used in various combinations.
OUTCOMES
A range of molecular changes to specific groups of imprinted genes are associated with imprinting disorders, i.e. syndromes with recognisable clinical features including distinctive prenatal features. Whereas the majority of affected individuals exhibit alterations at single imprinted loci, some have multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID) with less predictable clinical features. Imprinting disturbances are also seen in some nonviable pregnancy outcomes, such as (recurrent) hydatidiform moles, which can therefore be regarded as a severe form of imprinting disorders. There is growing evidence that MLID can be caused by variants in the maternal genome altering the imprinting status of the oocyte and the embryo, i.e. maternal effect mutations. Pregnancies of women carrying maternal affect mutations can have different courses, ranging from miscarriages to birth of children with clinical features of various imprinting disorders.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Increasing understanding of imprinting disturbances and their clinical consequences have significant impacts on diagnostics, counselling and management in the context of human reproduction. Defining criteria for identifying pregnancies complicated by imprinting disorders facilitates early diagnosis and personalised management of both the mother and offspring. Identifying the molecular lesions underlying imprinting disturbances (e.g. maternal effect mutations) allows targeted counselling of the family and focused medical care in further pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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[Other specific types of diabetes and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (Update 2019)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:16-26. [PMID: 30980164 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heterogenous catagory "specific types of diabetes due to other causes" encompasses disturbances in glucose metabolism due to other endocrine disorders such as acromegaly or hypercortisolism, drug-induced diabetes (e. g. antipsychotic medications, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)), genetic forms of diabetes (e. g. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), neonatal diabetes, Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner Syndrome), pancreatogenic diabetes (e. g. postoperatively, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, haemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis), and some rare autoimmune or infectious forms of diabetes. Diagnosis of specific diabetes types might influence therapeutic considerations. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is not only found in patients with pancreatogenic diabetes but is also frequently seen in type 1 and long-standing type 2 diabetes.
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Madani H, Elkaffas R, Alkholy B, Musa N, Shaalan Y, Elkaffas R, Hassan M, Hafez M, Flanagan SE, De Franco E, Hussain K. Identification of novel variants in neonatal diabetes mellitus genes in Egyptian patients with permanent NDM. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Wolfsdorf JI, Glaser N, Agus M, Fritsch M, Hanas R, Rewers A, Sperling MA, Codner E. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19 Suppl 27:155-177. [PMID: 29900641 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Wolfsdorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Glaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Michael Agus
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Fritsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ragnar Hanas
- Department of Pediatrics, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla and Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mark A Sperling
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ethel Codner
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus. MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL 2018; 52:71-78. [PMID: 32595377 PMCID: PMC7315067 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2017.51422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes is a rare cause of hyperglycemia in the neonatal period. It is caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins playing critical roles in normal functions of pancreatic beta cells. Neonatal diabetes is divided into temporary and permanent subtypes. Treatment is based on the correction of fluid-electrolyte disturbances and hyperglycemia. Patients respond to insulin or sulfonylurea treatment according to the mutation type. Close glucose monitoring and education of caregivers about diabetes are vital.
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27
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Garcin L, Kariyawasam D, Busiah K, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Le Bourgeois F, Vaivre-Douret L, Cavé H, Polak M, Beltrand J. Successful off-label sulfonylurea treatment of neonatal diabetes mellitus due to chromosome 6 abnormalities. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:663-669. [PMID: 29504184 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 6 abnormalities such as paternal uniparental isodisomy, paternal 6q24 duplication, and maternal DMR (differentially methylated region) hypomethylation are a common cause of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). Oral sulfonylurea (SU) is used off-label to treat permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus owing to potassium channel mutation but has not been evaluated in TNDM. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SU therapy in chromosome 6-related TNDM. Description of 3 case reports and literature review was the subject of the study. SU therapy was successful in 2 patients (initiated during neonatal life in 1 patient and during relapse in the other) but failed in the other despite the use of high dosage. The literature review identified 11 cases of patients with chromosome 6-related TNDM treated with SU, including 4 treated before remission and 7 after the relapse. SU therapy was consistently effective, although 4 patients treated after the relapse required multiple oral medications. None of the patients needed associated insulin therapy. No side effects of SU or complications of diabetes were reported. SU seems effective and safe in chromosome 6-related TNDM treatment when used to treat the initial episode of diabetes or the relapse. It improves patients' and families' quality of life. SU is available only as oral tablets. A pediatric dosage form would facilitate the treatment of neonates and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Garcin
- Service Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Service Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Kanetee Busiah
- Service Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Fleur Le Bourgeois
- Service de Réanimation et Surveillance Continues de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,UMR 1018 INSERM-CESP, Universités Paris Sud-Paris Saclay UVSQ et Paris Descartes SPC, Paris, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre Port-Royal Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, et Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris-Diderot, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Service Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Service Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abstract
Neonatal diabetes mellitus is likely to be due to an underlying monogenic defect when it occurs at less than 6 months of age. Early recognition and urgent genetic testing are important for predicting the clinical course and raising awareness of possible additional features. Early treatment of sulfonylurea-responsive types of neonatal diabetes may improve neurologic outcomes. It is important to distinguish neonatal diabetes mellitus from other causes of hyperglycemia in newborns. Other causes include infection, stress, inadequate pancreatic insulin production in preterm infants, among others. This review explores the diagnostic approach, mutation types, management, and clinical course of neonatal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Blanco Lemelman
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, MC 5053, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lisa Letourneau
- Monogenic Diabetes Registry, University of Chicago Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Li X, Xu A, Sheng H, Ting TH, Mao X, Huang X, Jiang M, Cheng J, Liu L. Early transition from insulin to sulfonylureas in neonatal diabetes and follow-up: Experience from China. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:251-258. [PMID: 28791793 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfonylurea therapy can improve glycemic control and ameliorate neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients suffering from neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) with KCNJ11 or ABCC8 mutations. As genetic testing results are often delayed, it remains controversial whether sulfonylurea treatment should be attempted immediately at diagnosis or doctors should await genetic confirmation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of sulfonylurea therapy in Chinese NDM patients during infancy before genetic testing results were available. METHODS The medical records of NDM patients with their follow-up details were reviewed and molecular genetic analysis was performed. Sulfonylurea transfer regimens were applied in patients diagnosed after May 2010, and glycemic status and side effects were evaluated in each patient. RESULTS There were 23 NDM patients from 22 unrelated families, 10 had KCNJ11 mutations, 3 harbored ABCC8 mutations, 1 had INS mutations, 4 had chromosome 6q24 abnormalities, 1 had a deletion at chromosome 1p36.23p36.12, and 4 had no genetic abnormality identified. Sixteen NDM infants were treated with glyburide at an average age of 49 days (range 14-120 days) before genetic confirmation. A total of 11 of 16 (69%) were able to successfully switch to glyburide with a more stable glucose profile. The responsive glyburide dose was 0.51 ± 0.16 mg/kg/d (0.3-0.8 mg/kg/d), while the maintenance dose was 0.30 ± 0.07 mg/kg/d (0.2-0.4 mg/kg/d). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Molecular genetic diagnosis is recommended in all patients with NDM. However, if genetic testing results are delayed, sulfonylurea therapy should be considered before such results are received, even in infants with newly diagnosed NDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Sheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tzer Hwu Ting
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Univeristy Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Xiaojian Mao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjiang Huang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Prudente S, Ludovico O, Trischitta V. Familial diabetes of adulthood: A bin of ignorance that needs to be addressed. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:1053-1059. [PMID: 29174219 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this article was to share with a wide readership some data and related reasoning about a multigenerational form of diabetes mellitus of adulthood. DATA SYNTHESIS We have recently described a familial form of diabetes mellitus, which in the routine clinical setting of adult individuals is simplistically diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Such misdiagnosis involves as much as 3% of adult unrelated diabetic patients with no evidence of autoimmune disease. More recent data, obtained by means of a next-generation sequencing, indicate that approximately 25% of such patients carry mutations in the genes involved in monogenic diabetes, thus leaving unraveled the molecular causes of the remaining 75% individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our proposal is to define the latter patients as being affected by familial diabetes of adulthood (FDA), a clear admission of ignorance and a limbo where adult patients with multigenerational diabetes with no genetic definition of their hyperglycemia have to wait for better times.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - O Ludovico
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - V Trischitta
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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31
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Remedi MS, Thomas M, Nichols CG, Marshall BA. Sulfonylurea challenge test in subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:777-784. [PMID: 28111849 PMCID: PMC5522783 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with early onset diabetes because of defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) may respond better to sulfonylureas than insulin treatment. Such patients include those with monogenic disorders, who can be differentiated from autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by genetic testing. Genetic testing is expensive and unknown defects in GSIS would not be diagnosed. AIMS We propose a sulfonylurea challenge test to identify patients who have been clinically diagnosed with T1DM, but those who maintain a preferentially sulfonylurea-responsive insulin secretion. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 3 healthy controls, 2 neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) subjects, 3 antibody-positive (Ab+T1DM), and 12 antibody-negative (Ab-T1DM) subjects with type 1 diabetes, were given an intravenous bolus of glucose followed by an oral dose of glipizide. RESULTS Healthy controls showed a robust C-peptide increase after both glucose and glipizide, but NDM subjects showed a large increase in C-peptide only following glipizide. As expected, 2 of 3 Ab+T1DM, as well as 11 of 12 Ab-T1DM showed no response to either glucose or glipizide. However, 1 Ab-T1DM and 1 Ab+T1DM showed a small C-peptide response to glucose and a marked positive response to glipizide, suggesting defects in GSIS rather than typical autoimmune diabetes. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate the feasibility of the sulfonylurea challenge test, and suggest that responder individuals may be identified. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this sulfonylurea challenge test should be explored more extensively, as it may prove useful as a clinical and scientific tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mareen Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bess A. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Correspondence should be addressed to: Bess A. Marshall. One Children’s Place, Box 8116, St. Louis, MO, 63110. Phone: (314) 454-6051, Fax: (314) 454-6225.
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32
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Zammit MA, Agius SM, Calleja-Agius J. Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: A Challenge and Opportunity for Specialized Nursing Care. Neonatal Netw 2017; 36:196-205. [PMID: 28764822 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.36.4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare disorder, with a reported incidence of approximately 1 in 450,000 live births. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in the neonatal period. The disease improves by early childhood, but the patient may relapse in later life. Diagnosis is made after genetic testing following presentation with hyperglycemia not conforming to Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Management is based on insulin and possible sulfonylurea administration. Three genetically distinct subtypes of TNDM are recognized. Type 1 TNDM is due to overexpression of genes at the 6q24 locus, whereas the 11p15 locus is involved in Type 2 and 3 TNDM. In this article the clinical presentation, management, and genetics of TNDM are discussed, particularly emphasizing the role of the neonatal nurse.
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33
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Elhamamsy AR. Role of DNA methylation in imprinting disorders: an updated review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:549-562. [PMID: 28281142 PMCID: PMC5427654 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a complex epigenetic process that contributes substantially to embryogenesis, reproduction, and gametogenesis. Only small fraction of genes within the whole genome undergoes imprinting. Imprinted genes are expressed in a monoallelic parent-of-origin-specific manner, which means that only one of the two inherited alleles is expressed either from the paternal or maternal side. Imprinted genes are typically arranged in clusters controlled by differentially methylated regions or imprinting control regions. Any defect or relaxation in imprinting process can cause loss of imprinting in the key imprinted loci. Loss of imprinting in most cases has a harmful effect on fetal development and can result in neurological, developmental, and metabolic disorders. Since DNA methylation and histone modifications play a key role in the process of imprinting. This review focuses on the role of DNA methylation in imprinting process and describes DNA methylation aberrations in different imprinting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Rafat Elhamamsy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31512, Gharbia, Egypt.
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34
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Okuno M, Yorifuji T, Kagami M, Ayabe T, Urakami T, Kawamura T, Kikuchi N, Yokota I, Kikuchi T, Amemiya S, Suzuki J, Ogata T, Sugihara S, Fukami M. Chromosome 6q24 methylation defects are uncommon in childhood-onset non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus patients born appropriate- or large-for-gestational age. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2016; 25:99-102. [PMID: 27507910 PMCID: PMC4965509 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.25.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Misako Okuno
- Departments of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Departments of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ayabe
- Departments of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin Amemiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Departments of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Sugihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Departments of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognised that diabetes in young adults has a wide differential diagnosis. There are many monogenic causes, including monogenic beta-cell dysfunction, mitochondrial diabetes and severe insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes in the young is becoming more prevalent, particularly after adolescence. It's important to understand the clinical features and diagnostic tools available to classify the different forms of young adult diabetes. Classic type 1 diabetes is characterised by positive β-cell antibodies and absence of endogenous insulin secretion. Young type 2 diabetes is accompanied by metabolic syndrome with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Monogenic β-cell dysfunction is characterised by non-autoimmune, C-peptide positive diabetes with a strong family history, while mitochondrial diabetes features deafness and other neurological involvement. Severe insulin resistance involves a young-onset metabolic syndrome often with a disproportionately low BMI. A suspected diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is confirmed with genetic testing, which is widely available in specialist centres across the world. Treatment of young adult diabetes is similarly diverse. Mutations in the transcription factors HNF1A and HNF4A and in the β-cell potassium ATP channel components cause diabetes which responds to low dose and high dose sulfonylurea agents, respectively, while glucokinase mutations require no treatment. Monogenic insulin resistance and young-onset type 2 diabetes are both challenging to treat, but first line management involves insulin sensitisers and aggressive management of cardiovascular risk. Outcomes are poor in young-onset type 2 diabetes compared to both older onset type 2 and type 1 diabetes diagnosed at a similar age. The evidence base for treatments in monogenic and young-onset type 2 diabetes relies on studies of moderate quality at best and largely on extrapolation from work conducted in older type 2 diabetes subjects. Better quality, larger studies, particularly of newer agents would improve treatment prospects for young adults with diabetes.
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36
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3: Epigenetics. Per Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Priyadarshi A, Verge CF, Vandervliet L, Mackay DJG, Bolisetty S. Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus followed by recurrent asymptomatic hypoglycaemia: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:200. [PMID: 26631065 PMCID: PMC4667510 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus is the commonest cause of diabetes presenting in the first week of life. Majority of infants recover by 3 months of age but are predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes later on in life. This condition is usually due to genetic aberrations at the 6q24 gene locus, and can be sporadic or inherited. This disorder has three phases: neonatal diabetes, apparent remission, relapse of diabetes. Case Presentation Our case, a neonate presented with low birth weight and growth retardation along with the metabolic profile consistent with transient diabetes mellitus at birth. We report a novel clinical observation of recurrent asymptomatic hypoglycaemia detected on pre-feed blood glucose level monitoring in our case with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus at 6 weeks of age, 4 weeks after the remission of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion This case demonstrates that neonates in remission following transient diabetes mellitus can present with recurrent asymptomatic hypoglycaemia without any other obvious congenital malformations seen. This asymptomatic hypoglycaemia may persist for weeks and may be missed if pre-feed blood glucose level monitoring is not done in these infants. Also, these infants may require an aggressive enteral feeding regimen with high glucose delivery rate to maintain normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles F Verge
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | - Srinivas Bolisetty
- Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Eggermann T, Perez de Nanclares G, Maher ER, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I. Imprinting disorders: a group of congenital disorders with overlapping patterns of molecular changes affecting imprinted loci. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:123. [PMID: 26583054 PMCID: PMC4650860 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are characterised by molecular changes affecting imprinted chromosomal regions and genes, i.e. genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Recent years have seen a great expansion in the range of alterations in regulation, dosage or DNA sequence shown to disturb imprinted gene expression, and the correspondingly broad range of resultant clinical syndromes. At the same time, however, it has become clear that this diversity of IDs has common underlying principles, not only in shared molecular mechanisms, but also in interrelated clinical impacts upon growth, development and metabolism. Thus, detailed and systematic analysis of IDs can not only identify unifying principles of molecular epigenetics in health and disease, but also support personalisation of diagnosis and management for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ; 3APHP, Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Irène Netchine
- Endocrinology and diabetology for children and reference center for rare disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France
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Clinical, molecular, and therapeutic aspects of NDM in ten cases with diabetes in 1st 6 months of life. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abuhatzira L, Xu H, Tahhan G, Boulougoura A, Schäffer AA, Notkins AL. Multiple microRNAs within the 14q32 cluster target the mRNAs of major type 1 diabetes autoantigens IA-2, IA-2β, and GAD65. FASEB J 2015; 29:4374-83. [PMID: 26148972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Islet antigen (IA)-2, IA-2β, and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Autoantibodies to these autoantigens appear years before disease onset and are widely used as predictive markers. Little is known, however, about what regulates the expression of these autoantigens. The present experiments were initiated to test the hypothesis that microRNAs (miRNAs) can target and affect the levels of these autoantigens. Bioinformatics was used to identify miRNAs predicted to target the mRNAs coding IA-2, IA-2β, and GAD65. RNA interference for the miRNA processing enzyme Dicer1 and individual miRNA mimics and inhibitors were used to confirm the effect in mouse islets and MIN6 cells. We show that the imprinted 14q32 miRNA cluster contains 56 miRNAs, 32 of which are predicted to target the mRNAs of T1D autoantigens and 12 of which are glucose-sensitive. Using miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we confirmed that at least 7 of these miRNAs modulate the mRNA levels of the T1D autoantigens. Dicer1 knockdown significantly reduced the mRNA levels of all 3 autoantigens, further confirming the importance of miRNAs in this regulation. We conclude that miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of the major T1D autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Abuhatzira
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanyu Xu
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georges Tahhan
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Afroditi Boulougoura
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abner L Notkins
- *Experimental Medicine Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Demirbilek H, Arya VB, Ozbek MN, Houghton JAL, Baran RT, Akar M, Tekes S, Tuzun H, Mackay DJ, Flanagan SE, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Hussain K. Clinical characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of 22 patients with neonatal diabetes from the South-Eastern region of Turkey: predominance of non-KATP channel mutations. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:697-705. [PMID: 25755231 PMCID: PMC4411707 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes and usually presents in the first 6 months of life. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and molecular genetics of a large Turkish cohort of NDM patients from a single centre and estimate an annual incidence rate of NDM in South-Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS NDM patients presenting to Diyarbakir Children State Hospital between 2010 and 2013, and patients under follow-up with presumed type 1 diabetes mellitus, with onset before 6 months of age were recruited. Molecular genetic analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-two patients (59% males) were diagnosed with NDM (TNDM-5; PNDM-17). Molecular genetic analysis identified a mutation in 20 (95%) patients who had undergone a mutation analysis. In transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) patients, the genetic cause included chromosome 6q24 abnormalities (n=3), ABCC8 (n=1) and homozygous INS (n=1). In permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) patients, homozygous GCK (n=6), EIF2AK3 (n=3), PTF1A (n=3), and INS (n=1) and heterozygous KCNJ11 (n=2) mutations were identified. Pancreatic exocrine dysfunction was observed in patients with mutations in the distal PTF1A enhancer. Both patients with a KCNJ11 mutation responded to oral sulphonylurea. A variable phenotype was associated with the homozygous c.-331C>A INS mutation, which was identified in both a PNDM and TNDM patient. The annual incidence of PNDM in South-East Anatolian region of Turkey was one in 48 000 live births. CONCLUSIONS Homozygous mutations in GCK, EIF2AK3 and the distal enhancer region of PTF1A were the commonest causes of NDM in our cohort. The high rate of detection of a mutation likely reflects the contribution of new genetic techniques (targeted next-generation sequencing) and increased consanguinity within our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Demirbilek
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ved Bhushan Arya
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mehmet Nuri Ozbek
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jayne A L Houghton
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Riza Taner Baran
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Melek Akar
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Selahattin Tekes
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Heybet Tuzun
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deborah J Mackay
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Departments of Paediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UKThe Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartments of Paediatric EndocrinologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyInstitute of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UKDepartments of NeonatologyChildren State Hospital, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsDicle University, 21100 Diyarbakir, TurkeyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Carmody D, Beca FA, Bell CD, Hwang JL, Dickens JT, Devine NA, Mackay DJG, Temple IK, Hays LR, Naylor RN, Philipson LH, Greeley SAW. Role of noninsulin therapies alone or in combination in chromosome 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes: sulfonylurea improves but does not always normalize insulin secretion. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:e86-7. [PMID: 25998302 PMCID: PMC4439531 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Carmody
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Flavius A Beca
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles D Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica L Hwang
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jazzmyne T Dickens
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Nancy A Devine
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, U.K
| | - I Karen Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, U.K
| | - Lisa R Hays
- Shawnee Mission Endocrinology and Diabetes, Shawnee Mission Medical Center, Shawnee Mission, KS
| | - Rochelle N Naylor
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Eggermann T, Netchine I, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay D, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Maher ER. Congenital imprinting disorders: EUCID.net - a network to decipher their aetiology and to improve the diagnostic and clinical care. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 25784961 PMCID: PMC4362648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) are a group of eight rare but probably underdiagnosed congenital diseases affecting growth, development and metabolism. They are caused by similar molecular changes affecting regulation, dosage or the genomic sequence of imprinted genes. Each ID is characterised by specific clinical features, and, as each appeared to be associated with specific imprinting defects, they have been widely regarded as separate entities. However, they share clinical characteristics and can show overlapping molecular alterations. Nevertheless, IDs are usually studied separately despite their common underlying (epi)genetic aetiologies, and their basic pathogenesis and long-term clinical consequences remain largely unknown. Efforts to elucidate the aetiology of IDs are currently fragmented across Europe, and standardisation of diagnostic and clinical management is lacking. The new consortium EUCID.net (European network of congenital imprinting disorders) now aims to promote better clinical care and scientific investigation of imprinting disorders by establishing a concerted multidisciplinary alliance of clinicians, researchers, patients and families. By encompassing all IDs and establishing a wide ranging and collaborative network, EUCID.net brings together a wide variety of expertise and interests to engender new collaborations and initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France ; UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, F-75012 France ; Pediatric Endocrinology, 3APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, 75012 France
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Karin Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY UK
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Wolfsdorf JI, Allgrove J, Craig ME, Edge J, Glaser N, Jain V, Lee WWR, Mungai LNW, Rosenbloom AL, Sperling MA, Hanas R. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2014. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15 Suppl 20:154-79. [PMID: 25041509 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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45
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Craig ME, Jefferies C, Dabelea D, Balde N, Seth A, Donaghue KC. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2014. Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2014; 15 Suppl 20:4-17. [PMID: 25182305 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Hannula-Jouppi K, Muurinen M, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Reinius LE, Ezer S, Greco D, Kere J. Differentially methylated regions in maternal and paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7. Epigenetics 2013; 9:351-65. [PMID: 24247273 PMCID: PMC4053454 DOI: 10.4161/epi.27160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a hallmark of genomic imprinting and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are found near and in imprinted genes. Imprinted genes are expressed only from the maternal or paternal allele and their normal balance can be disrupted by uniparental disomy (UPD), the inheritance of both chromosomes of a chromosome pair exclusively from only either the mother or the father. Maternal UPD for chromosome 7 (matUPD7) results in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) with typical features and growth retardation, but no gene has been conclusively implicated in SRS. In order to identify novel DMRs and putative imprinted genes on chromosome 7, we analyzed eight matUPD7 patients, a segmental matUPD7q31-qter, a rare patUPD7 case and ten controls on the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip with 30 017 CpG methylation probes for chromosome 7. Genome-scale analysis showed highly significant clustering of DMRs only on chromosome 7, including the known imprinted loci GRB10, SGCE/PEG10, and PEG/MEST. We found ten novel DMRs on chromosome 7, two DMRs for the predicted imprinted genes HOXA4 and GLI3 and one for the disputed imprinted gene PON1. Quantitative RT-PCR on blood RNA samples comparing matUPD7, patUPD7, and controls showed differential expression for three genes with novel DMRs, HOXA4, GLI3, and SVOPL. Allele specific expression analysis confirmed maternal only expression of SVOPL and imprinting of HOXA4 was supported by monoallelic expression. These results present the first comprehensive map of parent-of-origin specific DMRs on human chromosome 7, suggesting many new imprinted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Hannula-Jouppi
- Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; Molecular Neurology Program; Research Program's Unit; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Skin and Allergy Hospital; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Muurinen
- Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; Molecular Neurology Program; Research Program's Unit; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Children's Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lovisa E Reinius
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Biosciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sini Ezer
- Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; Molecular Neurology Program; Research Program's Unit; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; Molecular Neurology Program; Research Program's Unit; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Biosciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Systems Toxicology; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Medical Genetics; Haartman Institute; Molecular Neurology Program; Research Program's Unit; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Biosciences; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet; Solna, Sweden
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Carmody D, Philipson L. Neonatal diabetes: the brain comes into focus. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013; 1:167-8. [PMID: 24622356 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Carmody
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Louis Philipson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, MC 1027, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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48
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Busiah K, Drunat S, Vaivre-Douret L, Bonnefond A, Simon A, Flechtner I, Gérard B, Pouvreau N, Elie C, Nimri R, De Vries L, Tubiana-Rufi N, Metz C, Bertrand AM, Nivot-Adamiak S, de Kerdanet M, Stuckens C, Jennane F, Souchon PF, Le Tallec C, Désirée C, Pereira S, Dechaume A, Robert JJ, Phillip M, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Froguel P, Vaxillaire M, Polak M, Cavé H. Neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects associated with genetic changes in infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study [corrected]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013; 1:199-207. [PMID: 24622368 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare genetic form of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. We compared phenotypic features and clinical outcomes according to genetic subtypes in a cohort of patients diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus before age 1 year, without β-cell autoimmunity and with normal pancreas morphology. METHODS We prospectively investigated patients from 20 countries referred to the French Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Study Group from 1995 to 2010. Patients with hyperglycaemia requiring treatment with insulin before age 1 year were eligible, provided that they had normal pancreatic morphology as assessed by ultrasonography and negative tests for β-cell autoimmunity. We assessed changes in the 6q24 locus, KATP-channel subunit genes (ABCC8 and KCNJ11), and preproinsulin gene (INS) and investigated associations between genotype and phenotype, with special attention to extra-pancreatic abnormalities. FINDINGS We tested 174 index patients, of whom 47 (27%) had no detectable genetic defect. Of the remaining 127 index patients, 40 (31%) had 6q24 abnormalities, 43 (34%) had mutations in KCNJ11, 31 (24%) had mutations in ABCC8, and 13 (10%) had mutations in INS. We reported developmental delay with or without epilepsy in 13 index patients (18% of participants with mutations in genes encoding KATP channel subunits). In-depth neuropsychomotor investigations were done at median age 7 years (IQR 1-15) in 27 index patients with mutations in KATP channel subunit genes who did not have developmental delay or epilepsy. Developmental coordination disorder (particularly visual-spatial dyspraxia) or attention deficits were recorded in all index patients who had this testing. Compared with index patients who had mutations in KATP channel subunit genes, those with 6q24 abnormalities had specific features: developmental defects involving the heart, kidneys, or urinary tract (8/36 [22%] vs 2/71 [3%]; p=0·002), intrauterine growth restriction (34/37 [92%] vs 34/70 [48%]; p<0·0001), and early diagnosis (median age 5·0 days, IQR 1·0-14·5 vs 45·5 days, IQR 27·2-95·0; p<0·0001). Remission of neonatal diabetes mellitus occurred in 89 (51%) index patients at a median age of 17 weeks (IQR 9·5-39·0; median follow-up 4·7 years, IQR 1·5-12·8). Recurrence was common, with no difference between the groups who had 6q24 abnormalities versus mutations in KATP channel subunit genes (82% vs 86%; p=0·36). INTERPRETATION Neonatal diabetes mellitus is often associated with neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects that are specific to the underlying genetic abnormality. A multidisciplinary assessment is therefore essential when patients are diagnosed. Features of neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects should be tested for in adults with a history of neonatal diabetes mellitus. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche-Maladies Rares Research Program Grant, the Transnational European Research Grant on Rare Diseases, the Société Francophone du Diabète-Association Française du Diabète, the Association Française du Diabète, Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques, a CIFRE grant from the French Government, HRA-Pharma, the French Ministry of Education and Research, and the Société Française de Pédiatrie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanetee Busiah
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Inserm UMR-S0669 Université Paris Sud, Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatrics, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Albane Simon
- Department of Paediatrics, André Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Isabelle Flechtner
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Gérard
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pouvreau
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Elie
- Clinical Research Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Revital Nimri
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Liat De Vries
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nadia Tubiana-Rufi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Metz
- Department of Paediatrics, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Marc de Kerdanet
- Department of Paediatrics, Rennes Teaching Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Chantal Stuckens
- Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Teaching Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Farida Jennane
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, A Harouchi Paediatric Teaching Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Claire Le Tallec
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Teaching Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Désirée
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Robert
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U845, Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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49
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Baglivo I, Esposito S, De Cesare L, Sparago A, Anvar Z, Riso V, Cammisa M, Fattorusso R, Grimaldi G, Riccio A, Pedone PV. Genetic and epigenetic mutations affect the DNA binding capability of human ZFP57 in transient neonatal diabetes type 1. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1474-81. [PMID: 23499433 PMCID: PMC3655262 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the mouse, ZFP57 contains three classical Cys2His2 zinc finger domains (ZF) and recognizes the methylated TGCmetCGC target sequence using the first and the second ZFs. In this study, we demonstrate that the human ZFP57 (hZFP57) containing six Cys2His2 ZFs, binds the same methylated sequence through the third and the fourth ZFs, and identify the aminoacids critical for DNA interaction. In addition, we present evidences indicating that hZFP57 mutations and hypomethylation of the TNDM1 ICR both associated with Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus type 1 result in loss of hZFP57 binding to the TNDM1 locus, likely causing PLAGL1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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50
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Boonen SE, Mackay DJG, Hahnemann JMD, Docherty L, Grønskov K, Lehmann A, Larsen LG, Haemers AP, Kockaerts Y, Dooms L, Vu DC, Ngoc CTB, Nguyen PB, Kordonouri O, Sundberg F, Dayanikli P, Puthi V, Acerini C, Massoud AF, Tümer Z, Temple IK. Transient neonatal diabetes, ZFP57, and hypomethylation of multiple imprinted loci: a detailed follow-up. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:505-12. [PMID: 23150280 PMCID: PMC3579357 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 (TNDM1) is the most common cause of diabetes presenting at birth. Approximately 5% of the cases are due to recessive ZFP57 mutations, causing hypomethylation at the TNDM locus and other imprinted loci (HIL). This has consequences for patient care because it has impact on the phenotype and recurrence risk for families. We have determined the genotype, phenotype, and epigenotype of the first 10 families to alert health professionals to this newly described genetic subgroup of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 10 families (14 homozygous/compound heterozygous individuals) with ZFP57 mutations were ascertained through TNDM1 diagnostic testing. ZFP57 was sequenced in probands and their relatives, and the methylation levels at multiple maternally and paternally imprinted loci were determined. Medical and family histories were obtained, and clinical examination was performed. RESULTS The key clinical features in probands were transient neonatal diabetes, intrauterine growth retardation, macroglossia, heart defects, and developmental delay. However, the finding of two homozygous relatives without diabetes and normal intelligence showed that the phenotype could be very variable. The epigenotype always included total loss of methylation at the TNDM1 locus and reproducible combinations of differential hypomethylation at other maternally imprinted loci, including tissue mosaicism. CONCLUSIONS There is yet no clear genotype-epigenotype-phenotype correlation to explain the variable clinical presentation, and this results in difficulties predicting the prognosis of affected individuals. However, many cases have a more severe phenotype than seen in other causes of TNDM1. Further cases and global epigenetic testing are needed to clarify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Boonen
- Center for Applied Human Molecular Genetics, The Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark.
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