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Orihuel J, Capellán R, Casquero-Veiga M, Soto-Montenegro ML, Desco M, Oteo-Vives M, Ibáñez-Moragues M, Magro-Calvo N, Luján VM, Morcillo MÁ, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. The long-term effects of adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain structure and function assessed through neuroimaging techniques in male and female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:47-63. [PMID: 37276836 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies performed on human subjects have examined the effects of adolescent cannabis consumption on brain structure or function using brain imaging techniques. However, the evidence from these studies is usually heterogenous and affected by several confounding variables. Animal models of adolescent cannabinoid exposure may help to overcome these difficulties. In this exploratory study, we aim to increase our understanding of the protracted effects of adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats of both sexes using magnetic resonance (MR) to obtain volumetric data, assess grey and white matter microstructure with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and measure brain metabolites with 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS); in addition, we studied brain function using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose as the tracer. THC-exposed rats exhibited volumetric and microstructural alterations in the striatum, globus pallidus, lateral ventricles, thalamus, and septal nuclei in a sex-specific manner. THC administration also reduced fractional anisotropy in several white matter tracts, prominently in rostral sections, while in vivo MRS identified lower levels of cortical choline compounds. THC-treated males had increased metabolism in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb and decreased metabolism in the cingulate cortex. By contrast, THC-treated females showed hypermetabolism in a cluster of voxels comprising the entorhinal piriform cortices and in the cingulate cortex. These results indicate that mild THC exposure during adolescence leaves a lingering mark on brain structure and function in a sex-dependant manner. Some of the changes found here resemble those observed in human studies and highlight the importance of studying sex-specific effects in cannabinoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Orihuel
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Capellán
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NEUGUT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo-Vives
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Magro-Calvo
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Luján
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain.
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Casquero-Veiga M, Lamanna-Rama N, Romero-Miguel D, Rojas-Marquez H, Alcaide J, Beltran M, Nacher J, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. The Poly I:C maternal immune stimulation model shows unique patterns of brain metabolism, morphometry, and plasticity in female rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1022622. [PMID: 36733452 PMCID: PMC9888250 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1022622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prenatal infections are associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia. Rodent models of maternal immune stimulation (MIS) have been extensively used in preclinical studies. However, many of these studies only include males, omitting pathophysiological features unique to females. The aim of this study is to characterize the MIS model in female rats using positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MR), and neuroplasticiy studies. Methods: In gestational day 15, Poly I:C (or Saline) was injected into pregnant Wistar rats to induce the MIS model. Imaging studies: [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET scans of female-offspring were acquired at post-natal day (PND) 35 and PND100. Furthermore, T2-MR brain images were acquired in adulthood. Differences in FDG uptake and morphometry between groups were assessed with SPM12 and Regions of Interest (ROI) analyses. Ex vivo study: The density of parvalbumin expressing interneurons (PV), perineuronal nets (PNN), and parvalbumin expressing interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PV-PNN) were evaluated in the prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala using confocal microscopy. ROIs and neuroplasticity data were analyzed by 2-sample T-test and 2-way-ANOVA analyses, respectively. Results: A significant increase in brain metabolism was found in all animals at adulthood compared to adolescence. MIS hardly modified brain glucose metabolism in females, highlighting a significant hypometabolism in the thalamus at adulthood. In addition, MIS induced gray matter (GM) enlargements in the pituitary, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cingulate cortex, and GM shrinkages in some thalamic nuclei, cerebelar areas, and brainstem. Moreover, MIS induced white matter shrinkages in the cerebellum, brainstem and corpus callosum, along with cerebrospinal fluid enlargements in the lateral and 4th ventricles. Finally, MIS reduced the density of PV, PNN, and PV-PNN in the basolateral amygdala. Conclusion: Our work showed in vivo the differential pattern of functional and morphometric affectation in the MIS model in females, as well as the deficits caused at the synaptic level according to sex. The differences obtained highlight the relevance of including both sexes in psychiatric research in order to consider their pathophysiological particularities and successfully extend the benefits obtained to the entire patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Imaging and Population Studies, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Romero-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Rojas-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Julia Alcaide
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marc Beltran
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Departament, BIOTECMED Institute, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Campus de Getafe, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Manuel Desco Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
| | - Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Spain,*Correspondence: Manuel Desco Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
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Soto-Montenegro ML, García-Vázquez V, Lamanna-Rama N, López-Montoya G, Desco M, Ambrosio E. Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain glucose metabolism patterns associated with morphine consumption in Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4643. [PMID: 35301397 PMCID: PMC8931060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerability to addiction may be given by the individual's risk of developing an addiction during their lifetime. A challenge in the neurobiology of drug addiction is understanding why some people become addicted to drugs. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism in response to chronic morphine self-administration (MSA) in two rat strains with different vulnerability to drug abuse, Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344). Four groups of animals were trained to self-administer morphine or saline for 15 days. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-PET studies were performed on the last day of MSA (acquisition phase) and after 15 days of withdrawal. PET data were analyzed using SPM12. LEW-animals self-administered more morphine injections per session than F344-animals. We found significant brain metabolic differences between LEW and F344 strains in the cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. In addition, the different brain metabolic patterns observed after the MSA study between these rat strains indicate differences in the efficiency of neural substrates to translate the drug effects, which could explain the differences in predisposition to morphine abuse between one individual and another. These findings have important implications for the use of these rat strains in translational morphine and opiate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Imagen, Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería E Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Educación Nacional a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioingeniería E Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Imagen, Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Educación Nacional a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Imagen, Medicina Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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Perez-Caballero L, Soto-Montenegro ML, Desco M, Mico JA, Berrocoso E. Sustained escitalopram administration affects glucose metabolism in the rat brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 51:1-6. [PMID: 34022746 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) antidepressant, drug that is currently used as first-line agents for the treatment of depression and it is also used in the treatment of other psychiatric disorders. The main goal of this study was to identify which brain areas are affected by escitalopram administration. This study was carried out on male Wistar rats that received escitalopram daily over 14 days and that were studied by 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG)-PET on the last day of treatment. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired immediately before each PET scan and the main effects of drug administration were elucidated by Statistical Parametric Mapping. The results obtained indicated that repeated exposure to escitalopram increased metabolic activity in the retrosplenial and posterior cingulate cortices, while it decreased such activity in the ventral hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem and midbrain regions, including the raphe nuclei and ventral tegmental area. Therefore, repeated exposure to escitalopram alters the activity of several brain areas closely related to the serotonergic system, and previously identified as key regions in the antidepressant effect induced by SSRIs. Furthermore, some of the changes found, such as the dampened metabolism in the ventral tegmental area, are similar to changes that have been described after treating with other fast-acting antidepressant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perez-Caballero
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Area of Psychobiology, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Soto-Montenegro
- CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Desco
- CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Mico
- CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Berrocoso
- Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Area of Psychobiology, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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D'Elia A, Schiavi S, Soluri A, Massari R, Soluri A, Trezza V. Role of Nuclear Imaging to Understand the Neural Substrates of Brain Disorders in Laboratory Animals: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:596509. [PMID: 33362486 PMCID: PMC7759612 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.596509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging, which allows the real-time visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes, is becoming increasingly used in neuroscience research. Scintigraphy techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide qualitative and quantitative measurement of brain activity in both physiological and pathological states. Laboratory animals, and rodents in particular, are essential in neuroscience research, providing plenty of models of brain disorders. The development of innovative high-resolution small animal imaging systems together with their radiotracers pave the way to the study of brain functioning and neurotransmitter release during behavioral tasks in rodents. The assessment of local changes in the release of neurotransmitters associated with the performance of a given behavioral task is a turning point for the development of new potential drugs for psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review addresses the role of SPECT and PET small animal imaging systems for a better understanding of brain functioning in health and disease states. Brain imaging in rodent models faces a series of challenges since it acts within the boundaries of current imaging in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations regarding the strengths and weaknesses of both technologies. Moreover, the application of some of the radioligands developed for small animal nuclear imaging studies is discussed. Then, we examine the changes in metabolic and neurotransmitter activity in various brain areas during task-induced neural activation with special regard to the imaging of opioid, dopaminergic and cannabinoid receptors. Finally, we discuss the current status providing future perspectives on the most innovative imaging techniques in small laboratory animals. The challenges and solutions discussed here might be useful to better understand brain functioning allowing the translation of preclinical results into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Elia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Science, University “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
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García-Vázquez V, Calvo FA, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Sole CV, Calvo-Haro J, Desco M, Pascau J. Intraoperative computed tomography imaging for dose calculation in intraoperative electron radiation therapy: Initial clinical observations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227155. [PMID: 31923183 PMCID: PMC6953834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) the energy of the electron beam is selected under the conventional assumption of water-equivalent tissues at the applicator end. However, the treatment field can deviate from the theoretic flat irradiation surface, thus altering dose profiles. This patient-based study explored the feasibility of acquiring intraoperative computed tomography (CT) studies for calculating three-dimensional dose distributions with two factors not included in the conventional assumption, namely the air gap from the applicator end to the irradiation surface and tissue heterogeneity. In addition, dose distributions under the conventional assumption and from preoperative CT studies (both also updated with intraoperative data) were calculated to explore whether there are other alternatives to intraoperative CT studies that can provide similar dose distributions. The IOERT protocol was modified to incorporate the acquisition of intraoperative CT studies before radiation delivery in six patients. Three studies were not valid to calculate dose distributions due to the presence of metal artefacts. For the remaining three cases, the average gamma pass rates between the doses calculated from intraoperative CT studies and those obtained assuming water-equivalent tissues or from preoperative CT studies were 73.4% and 74.0% respectively. The agreement increased when the air gap was included in the conventional assumption (98.1%) or in the preoperative CT images (98.4%). Therefore, this factor was the one mostly influencing the dose distributions of this study. Our experience has shown that intraoperative CT studies are not recommended when the procedure includes the use of shielding discs or surgical retractors unless metal artefacts are removed. IOERT dose distributions calculated under the conventional assumption or from preoperative CT studies may be inaccurate unless the air gap (which depends on the surface irregularities of the irradiated volume and on the applicator pose) is included in the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (VGV); (JP)
| | - Felipe A. Calvo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oncología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory (BIT), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio V. Sole
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto de Radiomedicina, Santiago, Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile
| | - José Calvo-Haro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pascau
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (VGV); (JP)
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Ren W, Skulason H, Schlegel F, Rudin M, Klohs J, Ni R. Automated registration of magnetic resonance imaging and optoacoustic tomography data for experimental studies. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:025001. [PMID: 30989087 PMCID: PMC6446211 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging combining optoacoustic tomography (OAT) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables spatiotemporal resolution complementarity, improves accurate quantification, and thus yields more insights into physiology and pathophysiology. However, only manual landmark based coregistration of OAT-MRI has been used so far. We developed a toolbox (RegOA), which frames an automated registration pipeline to align OAT with high-field MR images based on mutual information. We assessed the performance of the registration method using images acquired on one phantom with fiducial markers and in vivo/ex vivo data of mouse heads/brain. The accuracy and robustness of the registration are improved using a two-step registration method with preprocessing of OAT and MRI data. The major advantages of our approach are minimal user input and quantitative assessment of the registration error. The registration with MR and standard reference atlas enables regional information extraction, facilitating the accurate, objective, and rapid analysis of large groups of rodent OAT and MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Ren
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hlynur Skulason
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schlegel
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Address all correspondence to Ruiqing Ni, E-mail:
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Casquero-Veiga M, García-García D, Pascau J, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Stimulating the nucleus accumbens in obesity: A positron emission tomography study after deep brain stimulation in a rodent model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204740. [PMID: 30261068 PMCID: PMC6160153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been suggested as a possible target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of obesity. Our hypothesis was that NAcc-DBS would modulate brain regions related to reward and food intake regulation, consequently reducing the food intake and, finally, the weight gain. Therefore, we examined changes in brain glucose metabolism, weight gain and food intake after NAcc-DBS in a rat model of obesity. PROCEDURES Electrodes were bilaterally implanted in 2 groups of obese Zucker rats targeting the NAcc. One group received stimulation one hour daily during 15 days, while the other remained as control. Weight and daily consumption of food and water were everyday registered the days of stimulation, and twice per week during the following month. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) were performed 1 day after the end of DBS. PET data was assessed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM12) software and region of interest (ROI) analyses. RESULTS NAcc-DBS lead to increased metabolism in the cingulate-retrosplenial-parietal association cortices, and decreased metabolism in the NAcc, thalamic and pretectal nuclei. Furthermore, ROIs analyses confirmed these results by showing a significant striatal and thalamic hypometabolism, and a cortical hypermetabolic region. However, NAcc-DBS did not induce a decrease in either weight gain or food intake. CONCLUSIONS NAcc-DBS led to changes in the metabolism of regions associated with cognitive and reward systems, whose impairment has been described in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Pascau
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Early neuromodulation prevents the development of brain and behavioral abnormalities in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 23:943-951. [PMID: 28373685 PMCID: PMC5552352 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notion that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which neuropathologies evolve gradually over the developmental course indicates a potential therapeutic window during which pathophysiological processes may be modified to halt disease progression or reduce its severity. Here we used a neurodevelopmental maternal immune stimulation (MIS) rat model of schizophrenia to test whether early targeted modulatory intervention would affect schizophrenia's neurodevelopmental course. We applied deep brain stimulation (DBS) or sham stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent MIS rats and respective controls, and investigated its behavioral, biochemical, brain-structural and -metabolic effects in adulthood. We found that mPFC-DBS successfully prevented the emergence of deficits in sensorimotor gating, attentional selectivity and executive function in adulthood, as well as the enlargement of lateral ventricle volumes and mal-development of dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission. These data suggest that the mPFC may be a valuable target for effective preventive treatments. This may have significant translational value, suggesting that targeting the mPFC before the onset of psychosis via less invasive neuromodulation approaches may be a viable preventive strategy.
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10
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Casquero-Veiga M, Hadar R, Pascau J, Winter C, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Response to Deep Brain Stimulation in Three Brain Targets with Implications in Mental Disorders: A PET Study in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168689. [PMID: 28033356 PMCID: PMC5199108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate metabolic changes in brain networks by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and dorsomedial thalamus (DM) using positron emission tomography (PET) in naïve rats. Methods 43 male Wistar rats underwent stereotactic surgery and concentric bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes were bilaterally implanted into one of the three brain sites. [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose-PET (18FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at the 7th (without DBS) and 9th day (with DBS) after surgery. Stimulation period matched tracer uptake period. Images were acquired with a small-animal PET-CT scanner. Differences in glucose uptake between groups were assessed with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Results DBS induced site-specific metabolic changes, although a common increased metabolic activity in the piriform cortex was found for the three brain targets. mPFC-DBS increased metabolic activity in the striatum, temporal and amygdala, and reduced it in the cerebellum, brainstem (BS) and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). NAcc-DBS increased metabolic activity in the subiculum and olfactory bulb, and decreased it in the BS, PAG, septum and hypothalamus. DM-DBS increased metabolic activity in the striatum, NAcc and thalamus and decreased it in the temporal and cingulate cortex. Conclusions DBS induced significant changes in 18FDG uptake in brain regions associated with the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuitry. Stimulation of mPFC, NAcc and DM induced different patterns of 18FDG uptake despite interacting with the same circuitries. This may have important implications to DBS research suggesting individualized target selection according to specific neural modulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Javier Pascau
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Desco
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Alemán-Gómez Y, Olazarán J, Guzmán-De-Villoria JA, Cruz-Orduña I, Mateos-Pérez JM, Desco M. The Disconnection Hypothesis in Alzheimer's Disease Studied Through Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Structural, Perfusion, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:1051-64. [PMID: 26890735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
According to the so-called disconnection hypothesis, the loss of synaptic inputs from the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may lead to reduced activity of target neurons in cortical areas and, consequently, to decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in those areas. The aim of this study was to assess whether hypoperfusion in parietotemporal and frontal cortices of patients with mild cognitive impairment who converted to AD (MCI-c) and patients with mild AD is associated with atrophy in the MTL and/or microstructural changes in the white matter (WM) tracts connecting these areas. We assessed these relationships by investigating correlations between CBF in hypoperfused areas, mean cortical thickness in atrophied regions of the MTL, and fractional anisotropy (FA) in WM tracts. In the MCI-c group, a strong correlation was observed between CBF of the superior parietal gyri and FA in the parahippocampal tracts (left: r = 0.90, p < 0.0001; right: r = 0.597, p = 0.024), and between FA in the right parahippocampal tract and the right precuneus (r = 0.551, p = 0.041). No significant correlations between CBF in hypoperfused regions and FA in the WM tract were observed in the AD group. These results suggest an association between perfusion deficits and altered WM tracts in prodromal AD, while microvasculature impairments may have a greater influence in more advanced stages. We did not find correlations between cortical thinning in the medial temporal lobes and decreased FA in the WM tracts of the limbic system in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Navas-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Cruz-Orduña
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Mateos-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Spain
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12
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Bikovsky L, Hadar R, Soto-Montenegro ML, Klein J, Weiner I, Desco M, Pascau J, Winter C, Hamani C. Deep brain stimulation improves behavior and modulates neural circuits in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:142-50. [PMID: 27302677 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a significant number of patients not adequately responding to treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical technique currently investigated for medically-refractory psychiatric disorders. Here, we use the poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia to study the effects of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (Nacc) DBS on two behavioral schizophrenia-like deficits, i.e. sensorimotor gating, as reflected by disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI), and attentional selectivity, as reflected by disrupted latent inhibition (LI). In addition, the neurocircuitry influenced by DBS was studied using FDG PET. We found that mPFC- and Nacc-DBS alleviated PPI and LI abnormalities in poly I:C offspring, whereas Nacc- but not mPFC-DBS disrupted PPI and LI in saline offspring. In saline offspring, mPFC-DBS increased metabolism in the parietal cortex, striatum, ventral hippocampus and Nacc, while reducing it in the brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Nacc-DBS, on the other hand, increased activity in the ventral hippocampus and olfactory bulb and reduced it in the septal area, brainstem, periaqueductal gray and hypothalamus. In poly I:C offspring changes in metabolism following mPFC-DBS were similar to those recorded in saline offspring, except for a reduced activity in the brainstem and hypothalamus. In contrast, Nacc-DBS did not induce any statistical changes in brain metabolism in poly I:C offspring. Our study shows that mPFC- or Nacc-DBS delivered to the adult progeny of poly I:C treated dams improves deficits in PPI and LI. Despite common behavioral responses, stimulation in the two targets induced different metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Bikovsky
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Julia Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Weiner
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pascau
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
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13
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Hadar R, Soto-Montenegro ML, Götz T, Wieske F, Sohr R, Desco M, Hamani C, Weiner I, Pascau J, Winter C. Using a maternal immune stimulation model of schizophrenia to study behavioral and neurobiological alterations over the developmental course. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:238-47. [PMID: 26055633 PMCID: PMC5233455 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence sheds light on the neurodevelopmental nature of schizophrenia with symptoms typically emerging during late adolescence or young adulthood. We compared the pre-symptomatic adolescence period with the full symptomatic period of adulthood at the behavioral and neurobiological level in the poly I:C maternal immune stimulation (MIS) rat model of schizophrenia. We found that in MIS-rats impaired sensorimotor gating, as reflected in disrupted prepusle inhibition (PPI), emerged post-pubertally, with behavioral deficits being only recorded in adulthood but not during adolescence. Using post mortem HPLC we found that MIS-rats show distinct dopamine and serotonin changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (Nacc), caudate putamen, globus pallidus, and hippocampus. Further, FDG-PET has shown that these animals had lower glucose uptake in the ventral hippocampus and PFC and a higher metabolism in the amygdala and Nacc when compared to controls. Changes in neurotransmission and metabolic activity varied across brain structures with respect to first appearance and further development. In the mPFC and Hipp, MIS-rats showed abnormal neurochemical and metabolic activity prior to and with the development of behavioral deficits in both adolescent and adult states, reflecting an early impairment of these regions. In contrast, biochemical alteration in the Nacc and globus pallidus developed as a matter of age. Our findings suggest that MIS-induced neurochemical and metabolic changes are neurodevelopmental in nature and either progressive or non-progressive and that the behavioral deficits manifest as these abnormalities increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ma Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Götz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Wieske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clement Hamani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ina Weiner
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Javier Pascau
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Functional neuroimaging of amphetamine-induced striatal neurotoxicity in the pleiotrophin knockout mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:132-137. [PMID: 25703219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine-induced neurotoxic effects have traditionally been studied using immunohistochemistry and other post-mortem techniques, which have proven invaluable for the definition of amphetamine-induced dopaminergic damage in the nigrostriatal pathway. However, these approaches are limited in that they require large numbers of animals and do not provide the temporal data that can be collected in longitudinal studies using functional neuroimaging techniques. Unfortunately, functional imaging studies in rodent models of drug-induced neurotoxicity are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the changes in brain glucose metabolism caused by amphetamine in the pleiotrophin knockout mouse (PTN-/-), a genetic model with increased vulnerability to amphetamine-induced neurotoxic effects. We showed that administration of amphetamine causes a significantly greater loss of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase content in PTN-/- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, [(18)F]-FDG-PET shows that amphetamine produces a significant decrease in glucose metabolism in the striatum and prefrontal cortex in the PTN-/- mice, compared to WT mice. These findings suggest that [(18)F]-FDG uptake measured by PET is useful for detecting amphetamine-induced changes in glucose metabolism in vivo in specific brain areas, including the striatum, a key feature of amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.
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15
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Response to deep brain stimulation in the lateral hypothalamic area in a rat model of obesity: in vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:830-7. [PMID: 24903031 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in glucose brain metabolism after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in a rat model of obesity. PROCEDURES Ten obese male Zucker rats were divided into two groups: LHA-control and LHA-DBS. Concentric bipolar platinum-iridium electrodes were implanted bilaterally. After 7 days, DBS was applied for 15 days. Weight and food and water intake were monitored. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) PET-CT imaging studies were performed the day after the end of DBS. Differences in glucose uptake between the groups were assessed with statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS A difference in weight gain of 3.19 percentage points was found between groups. Average food consumption during the first 15 days was lower in DBS-treated animals than in non-stimulated animals. DBS increased metabolism in the mammillary body, subiculum-hippocampal area, and amygdala, while a decrease in metabolism was recorded in the thalamus, caudate, temporal cortex, and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS DBS produced significant changes in brain regions associated with the control of food intake and the brain reward system. DBS seems to normalize the impaired hippocampal functioning that has been described in obese rats. The smaller weight gain in the DBS group suggests that this technique could be considered an option for the treatment of obesity.
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16
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Thanos PK, Robison L, Nestler EJ, Kim R, Michaelides M, Lobo MK, Volkow ND. Mapping brain metabolic connectivity in awake rats with μPET and optogenetic stimulation. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6343-9. [PMID: 23575833 PMCID: PMC3666931 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4997-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose was used to measure changes in regional brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in response to optogenetic stimulation (using the excitatory channelrhodopsin-2) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in awake rats. We demonstrated not only increases in BGluM that correlated with c-Fos expression in the region of stimulation, but also BGluM increases in the ipsilateral striatum, periaqueductal gray, and somatosensory cortex, and in contralateral amygdala, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and hippocampus, as well as decreases in BGluM in regions of the default mode network (retrosplenial cortex and cingulate gyrus) and secondary motor cortex. Additional exploration of c-Fos expression in regions found to be activated by PET results found corroborating evidence, with increased c-Fos expression in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, contralateral amygdala and globus pallidus, and bilateral periaqueductal gray. These findings are consistent with optogenetic excitation of the area of stimulation (NAc), as well as with stimulatory and inhibitory effects on downstream regions. They also confirm the utility of PET imaging to monitor connectivity in the awake rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K. Thanos
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - Lisa Robison
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ronald Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mary-Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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17
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Automated analysis of small animal PET studies through deformable registration to an atlas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39:1807-20. [PMID: 22820650 PMCID: PMC3464388 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This work aims to develop a methodology for automated atlas-guided analysis of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) data through deformable registration to an anatomical mouse model. Methods A non-rigid registration technique is used to put into correspondence relevant anatomical regions of rodent CT images from combined PET/CT studies to corresponding CT images of the Digimouse anatomical mouse model. The latter provides a pre-segmented atlas consisting of 21 anatomical regions suitable for automated quantitative analysis. Image registration is performed using a package based on the Insight Toolkit allowing the implementation of various image registration algorithms. The optimal parameters obtained for deformable registration were applied to simulated and experimental mouse PET/CT studies. The accuracy of the image registration procedure was assessed by segmenting mouse CT images into seven regions: brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, bladder, skeleton and the rest of the body. This was accomplished prior to image registration using a semi-automated algorithm. Each mouse segmentation was transformed using the parameters obtained during CT to CT image registration. The resulting segmentation was compared with the original Digimouse atlas to quantify image registration accuracy using established metrics such as the Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance. PET images were then transformed using the same technique and automated quantitative analysis of tracer uptake performed. Results The Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance show fair to excellent agreement and a mean registration mismatch distance of about 6 mm. The results demonstrate good quantification accuracy in most of the regions, especially the brain, but not in the bladder, as expected. Normalized mean activity estimates were preserved between the reference and automated quantification techniques with relative errors below 10 % in most of the organs considered. Conclusion The proposed automated quantification technique is reliable, robust and suitable for fast quantification of preclinical PET data in large serial studies.
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Balaban E, Desco M, Vaquero JJ. Waking-like Brain Function in Embryos. Curr Biol 2012; 22:852-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Higuera-Matas A, Soto-Montenegro ML, Montoya GL, García-Vázquez V, Pascau J, Miguéns M, Del Olmo N, Vaquero JJ, García-Lecumberri C, Desco M, Ambrosio E. Chronic cannabinoid administration to periadolescent rats modulates the metabolic response to acute cocaine in the adult brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:411-415. [PMID: 20680479 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze brain metabolic response to acute cocaine in male and female Wistar rats with or without a history of cannabinoid exposure during periadolescence. PROCEDURES The synthetic cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940 (CP) or its vehicle (VH), were administered to male and female rats during periadolescence. When these animals reached adulthood, saline and cocaine-induced changes in 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-: glucose (FDG) uptake were studied by positron emission tomography. RESULTS The baseline (post-saline) metabolism in the septal nuclei was higher in CP-females than in VH-females, although septal metabolism was lower in CP-females after cocaine, reaching similar values to those of VH-females at baseline. Cocaine did not affect metabolism in VH-females. Periadolescent cannabinoid treatment did not influence baseline metabolism in males although cocaine reduced the FDG uptake in the dorsal striatum of males that received the VH but not CP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cannabinoids during periadolescence modify baseline and cocaine-evoked brain metabolism in a sex-dependent manner. In the case of CP-females, the involvement of septal metabolic alterations in their susceptibility to the rewarding effects of cocaine should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo L Montoya
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pascau
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Miguéns
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, School of Pharmacy, CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Lecumberri
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Psychobiology Department, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal nº10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Klein J, Soto-Montenegro ML, Pascau J, Günther L, Kupsch A, Desco M, Winter C. A novel approach to investigate neuronal network activity patterns affected by deep brain stimulation in rats. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:927-30. [PMID: 21227451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of new therapeutic indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) is ambitiously promoted though the underlying mechanisms remain contested. Here, we report that PET-imaging and subsequent c-Fos-immunostaining in rats constitute a new translational approach to further understand DBS-mechanisms and -effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Michaelides M, Pascau J, Gispert JD, Delis F, Grandy DK, Wang GJ, Desco M, Rubinstein M, Volkow ND, Thanos PK. Dopamine D4 receptors modulate brain metabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum at rest and in response to methylphenidate. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:668-76. [PMID: 20646063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MP) is widely used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Variable number of tandem repeats polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor (D(4)) gene have been implicated in vulnerability to ADHD and the response to MP. Here we examined the contribution of dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) to baseline brain glucose metabolism and to the regional metabolic responses to MP. We compared brain glucose metabolism (measured with micro-positron emission tomography and [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose) at baseline and after MP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in mice with genetic deletion of the D(4). Images were analyzed using a novel automated image registration procedure. Baseline D(4)(-/-) mice had lower metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and greater metabolism in the cerebellar vermis (CBV) than D(4)(+/+) and D(4)(+/-) mice; when given MP, D(4)(-/-) mice increased metabolism in the PFC and decreased it in the CBV, whereas in D(4)(+/+) and D(4)(+/-) mice, MP decreased metabolism in the PFC and increased it in the CBV. These findings provide evidence that D4Rs modulate not only the PFC, which may reflect the activation by dopamine of D4Rs located in this region, but also the CBV, which may reflect an indirect modulation as D4Rs are minimally expressed in this region. As individuals with ADHD show structural and/or functional abnormalities in these brain regions, the association of ADHD with D4Rs may reflect its modulation of these brain regions. The differential response to MP as a function of genotype could explain differences in brain functional responses to MP between patients with ADHD and healthy controls and between patients with ADHD with different D(4) polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Michaelides
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, 30 Bell Avenue, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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22
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Lu H, Scholl CA, Zuo Y, Demny S, Rea W, Stein EA, Yang Y. Registering and analyzing rat fMRI data in the stereotaxic framework by exploiting intrinsic anatomical features. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:146-52. [PMID: 19608368 PMCID: PMC2789842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The value of analyzing neuroimaging data on a group level has been well established in human studies. However, there is no standard procedure for registering and analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data into common space in rodent fMRI studies. An approach for performing rat imaging data analysis in the stereotaxic framework is presented. This method is rooted in the biological observation that the skull shape and size of rat brain are essentially the same as long as their weights are within certain range. Registration is performed using rigid-body transformations without scaling or shearing, preserving the unique properties of the stable shape and size inherent in rat brain structure. Also, it does not require brain tissue masking and is not biased towards surface coil sensitivity profile. A standard rat brain atlas is used to facilitate the identification of activated areas in common space, allowing accurate region of interest analysis. This technique is evaluated from a group of rats (n=11) undergoing routine MRI scans; the registration accuracy is estimated to be within 400 microm. The analysis of fMRI data acquired with an electrical forepaw stimulation model demonstrates the utility of this technique. The method is implemented within the Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) framework and can be readily extended to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Multimodality small-animal molecular imaging has become increasingly important as transgenic and knockout mice are produced to model human diseases. With the ever-increasing number and importance of human disease models, particularly in rodents (mice and rats), the ability of high-resolution multimodality molecular imaging instrumentation to contribute unique information is becoming more common and necessary. Multimodality imaging with high spatial resolution and good sensitivity, which combines modalities and records sequentially or simultaneously complementary information, offers many advantages in certain research experiments. This article discusses the current trends and new horizons in preclinical multimodality imaging in-vivo and its role in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Stout
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI Building, Room 2151, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Habib Zaidi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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24
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Soto-Montenegro ML, Vaquero JJ, Pascau J, Gispert JD, García-Barreno P, Desco M. Detection of visual activation in the rat brain using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Mol Imaging Biol 2008; 11:94-9. [PMID: 19037612 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-008-0179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to assess changes in brain glucose metabolism in rats after visual stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sought to determine whether visual activation in the rat brain could be detected using a small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG). Eleven rats were divided into two groups: (a) five animals exposed to ambient light and (b) six animals stimulated by stroboscopic light (10 Hz) with one eye covered. Rats were injected with FDG and, after 45 min of visual stimulation, were sacrificed and scanned for 90 min in a dedicated PET tomograph. Images were reconstructed by a three-dimensional ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm (1.8 mm full width at half maximum). A region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on 14 brain structures drawn on coronal sections. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) adapted for small animals was also carried out. Additionally, the brains of three rats were sliced into 20-microm sections for autoradiography. RESULTS Analysis of ROI data revealed significant differences between groups in the right superior colliculus, right thalamus, and brainstem (p < or = 0.05). SPM detected the same areas as the ROI approach. Autoradiographs confirmed the existence of hyperactivation in the left superior colliculus and auditory cortex. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report that uses FDG-PET and SPM analysis to show changes in rat brain glucose metabolism after a visual stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Soto-Montenegro
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugia Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo, 46, Madrid, 28007, Spain
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