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Faulstich L, Wollenweber S, Reinhardt-Imjela C, Arendt R, Schulte A, Hollert H, Schiwy S. Ecotoxicological evaluation of surface waters in Northern Namibia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:456. [PMID: 38630192 PMCID: PMC11024038 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The increasing pressure on freshwater systems due to intensive anthropogenic use is a big challenge in central-northern Namibia and its catchment areas, the Kunene and the Kavango Rivers, and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, that provide water for more than 1 million people. So far, there is no comprehensive knowledge about the ecological status and only few knowledge about the water quality. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the state of the ecosystem and the ecological effects of pollutants to ensure the safe use of these resources. The surface waters of the three systems were sampled, and three bioassays were applied on three trophic levels: algae, daphnia, and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to analyze mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation), dioxin-like potential (micro-EROD), and estrogenicity (YES) by mechanism-specific effects. The results show that acute toxicity to fish embryos and daphnia has mainly been detected at all sites in the three catchment areas. The systems differ significantly from each other, with the sites in the Iishana system showing the highest acute toxicity. At the cellular level, only weak effects were identified, although these were stronger in the Iishana system than in the two perennial systems. Algae growth was not inhibited, and no cytotoxic effects could be detected in any of the samples. Mutagenic effects and an estrogenic potential were detected at three sites in the Iishana system. These findings are critical in water resource management as the effects can adversely impact the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faulstich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | - R Arendt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schulte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Schiwy
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Ciślak M, Kruszelnicka I, Zembrzuska J, Ginter-Kramarczyk D. Estrogen pollution of the European aquatic environment: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119413. [PMID: 36470046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of chemicals released into the environment, much attention is paid to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Natural estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) are excreted by humans as well as animals, and can enter the environment as a result of discharging domestic sewage and animal waste. These compounds can cause deleterious effects such as feminization, infertility and hermaphroditism in organisms that inhabit water bodies. This study provides an overview of the level of estrogen exposures in surface waters, groundwater and river sediments in European countries. The conducted review shows that estrogen concentrations were within the range of 0.1 ng L - 10 ng /L in the majority of the tested environmental samples. However, the authors of the study point out that there are still many unexplored areas and a limited amount of data that mainly concerns Eastern European countries. The study also analysed the factors that influence the increased emissions of estrogens to the environment, which may be helpful for identifying particularly polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ciślak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kruszelnicka
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
| | - Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
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3
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Toušová Z, Priebojová J, Javůrek J, Večerková J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Sychrová E, Smutná M, Hilscherová K. Estrogenic and retinoid-like activity in stagnant waters with mass occurrence of water blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158257. [PMID: 36037903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stagnant freshwaters can be affected by anthropogenic pollution and eutrophication that leads to massive growth of cyanobacteria and microalgae forming complex water blooms. These can produce various types of bioactive compounds, some of which may cause embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption and impair animal or human health. This study focused on potential co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in diverse stagnant freshwaters affected by phytoplankton blooms with varying taxonomic composition. Samples of phytoplankton bloom biomass and its surrounding water were collected from 17 independent stagnant water bodies in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Total estrogenic equivalents (EEQ) of the most potent samples reached up to 4.9 ng·g-1 dry mass (dm) of biomass extract and 2.99 ng·L-1 in surrounding water. Retinoic acid equivalent (REQ) measured by in vitro assay reached up to 3043 ng·g-1 dm in phytoplankton biomass and 1202 ng·L-1in surrounding water. Retinoid-like and estrogenic activities at some sites exceeded their PNEC and effect-based trigger values, respectively. The observed effects were not associated with any particular species of cyanobacteria or algae dominating the water blooms nor related to phytoplankton density. We found that taxonomically diverse phytoplankton communities can produce and release retinoid-like compounds to surrounding water, while estrogenic potency is likely related to estrogens of anthropogenic origin adsorbed to phytoplankton biomass. Retinoids occurring in water blooms are ubiquitous signalling molecules, which can affect development and neurogenesis. Selected water bloom samples (both water and biomass extracts) with retinoid-like activity caused effects on neurodifferentiation in vitro corresponding to those of equivalent all-trans-retinoic acid concentrations. Co-occurrence of estrogenic and retinoid-like activities in stagnant water bodies as well as the potential of compounds produced by water blooms to interfere with neural differentiation should be considered in the assessment of risks associated with water blooms, which can comprise complex mixtures of natural and anthropogenic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Toušová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Priebojová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Javůrek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Večerková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté stoce 1, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Steinhaeuser L, Westphalen T, Kaminski K, Piechotta C. Evaluation, comparison and combination of molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction and classical solid phase extraction for the preconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals from representative whole water samples. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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5
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Torres-García JL, Ahuactzin-Pérez M, Fernández FJ, Cortés-Espinosa DV. Bisphenol A in the environment and recent advances in biodegradation by fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134940. [PMID: 35588877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a compound used in the manufacture of a wide variety of everyday materials that, when released into the environment, causes multiple detrimental effects on humans and other organisms. The reason for this review is to provide an overview of the presence, distribution, and concentration of BPA in water, soil, sediment, and air, as well as the process of release and migration, biomagnification, and exposure mechanisms that cause various toxic effects in humans. Therefore, it is important to seek efficient and economic strategies that allow its removal from the environment and prevent it from reaching humans through food chains. Likewise, the main removal techniques are analyzed, focusing on biological treatments, particularly the most recent advances in the degradation of BPA in different environmental matrices through the use of ligninolytic fungi, non-ligninolytic fungi and yeasts, as well as the possible routes of metabolic processes that allow their biotransformation or biodegradation due to their efficient extracellular enzyme systems. This review supports the importance of the application of new biotechnological tools for the degradation of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Torres-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Ahuactzin-Pérez
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martín Km 10.5, 90120, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - F J Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana V Cortés-Espinosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada. Carretera Estatal San Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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6
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Ma Q, Yang X, Guo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xie HQ, Xiang T, Li Z, Nie T, Yan Y, Qu G, Jiang G. Effect-directed analysis of estrogenic chemicals in sediments from an electronic-waste recycling area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119369. [PMID: 35513195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) pollution is of great concern due to the release of hazardous chemicals during the improper e-waste disposal. Many chemicals leached from e-waste were reported to pose estrogenic effects. To date, little is known regarding the occurrence and biological effects of estrogenic chemicals in sediments near an e-waste area. In this study, an effect-directed analysis (EDA) is applied to determine the estrogenic chemicals in sediments of four sites collected from a typical e-waste recycling city in China. Following screening with the ER-CALUX assay, the extract of sample with the most potent effect was subjected in fractionation using reverse phase liquid chromatography. Based on a target analysis for the active fractions, four compounds, including estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A, were identified, and these contributed to 17% of the total toxic effects in the sample. A further nontarget analysis screened four candidates, namely diethylstilbestrol (DES), hexestrol (HES), nandrolone and durabolin, and the total contribution was found to be 48% from the active sample. Specifically, DES and HES were only detected in the active sample and were found to be the primary drivers of estrogenic effects. An examination of the identified chemicals in the four sites indicated that these estrogenic chemicals may originate from e-waste recycling, livestock excretion and domestic waste. These findings uncovered the estrogenic pollutants in sediments from an e-waste area. Considering single endpoint in biological assay is not abundant to screen chemicals with different toxic effects, further EDA studies with multiple endpoints are required to better understand the occurrence of representative or unknown chemicals in e-waste-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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7
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Schmitz M, Deutschmann B, Markert N, Backhaus T, Brack W, Brauns M, Brinkmann M, Seiler TB, Fink P, Tang S, Beitel S, Doering JA, Hecker M, Shao Y, Schulze T, Weitere M, Wild R, Velki M, Hollert H. Demonstration of an aggregated biomarker response approach to assess the impact of point and diffuse contaminant sources in feral fish in a small river case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150020. [PMID: 34508932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the exposure of aquatic wildlife to complex environmental mixtures of chemicals originating from both point and diffuse sources and evaluating the potential impact thereof constitutes a significant step towards mitigating toxic pressure and the improvement of ecological status. In the current proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the potential of a novel Aggregated Biomarker Response (ABR) approach involving a comprehensive set of biomarkers to identify complex exposure and impacts on wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Our scenario used a small lowland river in Germany (Holtemme river in the Elbe river catchment) impacted by two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and diffuse agricultural runoff as a case study. The trout were collected along a pollution gradient (characterised in a parallel study) in the river. Compared to fish from the reference site upstream of the first WWTP, the trout collected downstream of the WWTPs showed a significant increase in micronucleus formation, phase I and II enzyme activities, and oxidative stress parameters in agreement with increasing exposure to various chemicals. By integrating single biomarker responses into an aggregated biomarker response, the two WWTPs' contribution to the observed toxicity could be clearly differentiated. The ABR results were supported by chemical analyses and whole transcriptome data, which revealed alterations of steroid biosynthesis and associated pathways, including an anti-androgenic effect, as some of the key drivers of the observed toxicity. Overall, this combined approach of in situ biomarker responses complemented with molecular pathway analysis allowed for a comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of fish along the river. This study provides evidence for specific hazard potentials caused by mixtures of agricultural and WWTP derived chemicals at sublethal concentrations. Using aggregated biomarker responses combined with chemical analyses enabled an evidence-based ranking of sites with different degrees of pollution according to toxic stress and observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmitz
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nele Markert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Werner Brack
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Ruhr District Institute of Hygiene, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 D Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Song Tang
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400045 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Romy Wild
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mirna Velki
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ul. Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Emerging and Persistent Pollutants in the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Lower Danube Basin and North West Black Sea Region—A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous impact of natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic substances continuously released into the environment requires a better understanding of the chemical status of aquatic ecosystems. Water contamination monitoring studies were performed for different classes of substances in different regions of the world. Reliable analytical methods and exposure assessment are the basis of a better management of water resources. Our research comprised publications from 2010 regarding the Lower Danube and North West Black Sea region, considering regulated and unregulated persistent and emerging pollutants. The frequently reported ones were: pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), pesticides (atrazine, carbendazim, and metolachlor), endocrine disruptors—bisphenol A and estrone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorinated pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cr). Seasonal variations were reported for both organic and inorganic contaminants. Microbial pollution was also a subject of the present review.
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Lackmann C, Brendt J, Seiler TB, Hermann A, Metz A, Schäfer PM, Herres-Pawlis S, Hollert H. The Green toxicology approach: Insight towards the eco-toxicologically safe development of benign catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125889. [PMID: 34492827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green toxicology is a novel approach increasingly applied for the development of materials and chemicals that are more benign to the environment and human health than their conventional counterparts. It includes predictive eco-toxicological assessments of chemicals during the early developmental process to exclude adverse effects. In the present study, two guanidine zinc catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide were investigated using eco-toxicological tools. Namely, the fish embryo toxicity assay for teratogenic effects, the ER (α) CALUX assay for endocrine activity and the Ames fluctuation assay for mutagenic potential were applied. Both complexes showed no endocrine activity, mutagenicity or acute aquatic toxicity, however a delayed hatch could be observed, therefore suggesting potential effects on a molecular level. This proof-of-concept study aims to assess the toxicity of guanidine zinc catalysts and is a first step towards the incorporation of toxicological assessments into chemical developmental processes to achieve a sustainable and safe production of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lackmann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Brendt
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Alina Hermann
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Metz
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal M Schäfer
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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10
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Müller AK, Markert N, Leser K, Kämpfer D, Schiwy S, Riegraf C, Buchinger S, Gan L, Abdallah AT, Denecke B, Segner H, Brinkmann M, Crawford SE, Hollert H. Bioavailability and impacts of estrogenic compounds from suspended sediment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105719. [PMID: 33360234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental pollutants have the potential to accumulate in sediments, and among them are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is well documented that water-borne exposure concentrations of some potent EDCs, more specifically estrogenic- active compounds (ECs), can impair the reproduction of fish. In contrast, little is known about the bioavailability and effects of sediment-associated ECs on fish. Particularly, when sediments are disturbed, e.g., during flood events, chemicals may be released from the sediment and become bioavailable. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate a) whether ECs from the sediment become bioavailable to fish when the sediment is suspended, and b) whether such exposure leads to endocrine responses in fish. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed over 21 days to constantly suspended sediments in the following treatments: i) a contaminated sediment from the Luppe River, representing a "hotspot" for EC accumulation, ii) a reference sediment (exhibiting only background contamination), iii) three dilutions, 2-, 4- and 8-fold of Luppe sediment diluted with the reference sediment, and iv) a water-only control. Measured estrogenic activity using in vitro bioassays as well as target analysis of nonylphenol and estrone via LC-MS/MS in sediment, water, fish plasma, as well as bile samples, confirmed that ECs became bioavailable from the sediment during suspension. ECs were dissolved in the water phase, as indicated by passive samplers, and were readily taken up by the exposed trout. An estrogenic response of fish to Luppe sediment was indicated by increased abundance of transcripts of typical estrogen responsive genes, i.e. vitelline envelope protein α in the liver and vitellogenin induction in the skin mucus. Altered gene expression profiles of trout in response to suspended sediment from the Luppe River suggest that in addition to ECs a number of other contaminants such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were remobilized during suspension. The results of the present study demonstrated that sediments not only function as a sink for ECs but can turn into a significant source of pollution when sediments are resuspended as during flood-events. This highlights the need for sediment quality criteria considering bioavailability sediment-bound contaminants in context of flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nele Markert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Leser
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Kämpfer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carolin Riegraf
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Lin Gan
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali T Abdallah
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstr. 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- University of Saskatchewan, School of the Environment and Sustainability & Toxicology Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Qin T, Hong X, Chen R, Zha J, Shen J. Evaluating environmental impact of STP effluents on receiving water in Beijing by the joint use of chemical analysis and biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141942. [PMID: 32896793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the environmental impact of receiving water from the Qinghe River sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents in Beijing, we collected sediments and Bellamya aeruginosa (Up-site, Discharge-site, and Down-site) both in 2017 and 2018 and analyzed the samples via chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptomics. In two years of data, our biological results showed that AChE activities presented different degrees of influence on B. aeruginosa captured at sampling points of the STP compared to control sites (P < 0.05). Additionally, indicators of the antioxidant system (e.g., SOD, CAT, GST, EROD activity) and MDA content were significantly increased in the whole tissue at the Up-site of the STP. Integration of the assessed biomarkers using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index ranked the environmental impact at sites as Up-site > Discharge-site > Down-site. In terms of the transcriptome data, B. aeruginosa collected from the Discharge-site of the STP showed greater transcriptomic response than it did from all other sites. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that sewage significantly altered the expression of genes involved in xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, citrate (TCA) cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, apoptotic and Parkinson's disease. The concentrations of 34 organic pollutants (17 PAHs, 10 PAEs, 7 EDCs) were measured. The chemical concentrations of pollutants decreased from Up-site to Down-site and were well correlated with enzyme activity, IBR, and transcriptomic results. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptome data is necessary to validate the efficacy of a battery of biomarkers chosen to detect environmental stress due to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Viganò L, Casatta N, Farkas A, Mascolo G, Roscioli C, Stefani F, Vitelli M, Olivo F, Clerici L, Robles P, Dellavedova P. Embryo/larval toxicity and transcriptional effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to endocrine active riverbed sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10729-10747. [PMID: 31942721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment toxicity plays a fundamental role in the health of inland fish communities; however, the assessment of the hazard potential of contaminated sediments is not a common objective in environmental diagnostics or remediation. This study examined the potential of transcriptional endpoints investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to riverbed sediments in ecotoxicity testing. Embryo-larval 10-day tests were conducted on sediment samples collected from five sites (one upstream and four downstream of the city of Milan) along a polluted tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Sediment chemistry showed a progressive downstream deterioration in river quality, so that the final sampling site showed up to eight times higher concentrations of, for example, triclosan, galaxolide, PAH, PCB, BPA, Ni, and Pb, compared with the uppermost site. The embryo/larval tests showed widespread toxicity although the middle river sections evidenced worse effects, as evidenced by delayed embryo development, hatching rate, larval survival, and growth. At the mRNA transcript level, the genes encoding biotransformation enzymes (cyp1a, gst, ugt) showed increasing upregulations after exposure to sediment from further downstream sites. The genes involved in antioxidant responses (sod, gpx) suggested that more critical conditions may be present at downstream sites, but even upstream of Milan there seemed to be some level of oxidative stress. Indirect evidences of potential apoptotic activity (bcl2/bax < 1) in turn suggested the possibility of genotoxic effects. The genes encoding for estrogen receptors (erα, erβ1, erβ2) showed exposure to (xeno)estrogens with a progressive increase after exposure to sediments from downstream sites, paralleled by a corresponding downregulation of the ar gene, likely related to antiandrogenic compounds. Multiple levels of thyroid disruption were also evident particularly in downstream zebrafish, as for thyroid growth (nkx2.1), hormone synthesis and transport (tg, ttr, d2), and signal transduction (trα, trβ). The inhibition of the igf2 gene reasonably reflected larval growth inhibitions. Although none of the sediment chemicals could singly explain fish responses, principal component analysis suggested a good correlation between gene transcripts and the overall trend of contamination. Thus, the combined impacts from known and unknown covarying chemicals were proposed as the most probable explanation of fish responses. In summary, transcriptional endpoints applied to zebrafish embryo/larval test can provide sensitive, comprehensive, and timeliness information which may greatly enable the assessment of the hazard potential of sediments to fish, complementing morphological endpoints and being potentially predictive of longer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Nadia Casatta
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Anna Farkas
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg K. u. 3, P.O. Box 35, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute , Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitelli
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Olivo
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Clerici
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Robles
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluisa Dellavedova
- ARPA - Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Laboratories Sector, Via Rosellini, 17, 20124, Milan, Italy
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13
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Müller AK, Markert N, Leser K, Kämpfer D, Crawford SE, Schäffer A, Segner H, Hollert H. Assessing endocrine disruption in freshwater fish species from a "hotspot" for estrogenic activity in sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113636. [PMID: 31780365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about sediment-bound exposure of fish to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) under field conditions. This study aimed to investigate potential routes of EDC exposure to fish and whether sediment-bound contaminants contribute towards exposure in fish. Tench (Tinca tinca) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) as a benthic and pelagic living fish species, respectively, were sampled at the Luppe River, previously described as a "hotspot" for accumulation of EDC in sediment. A field reference site, the Laucha River, additionally to fish from a commercial fish farm as reference were studied. Blackworms, Lumbriculus variegatus, which are a source of prey for fish, were exposed to sediment of the Luppe River and estrogenic activity of worm tissue was investigated using in vitro bioassays. A 153-fold greater estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro bioassays in sediment of the Luppe River compared the Laucha River. Nonylphenol (NP; 22 mg/kg) was previously identified as one of the main drivers of estrogenic activity in Luppe sediment. Estrogenic activity of Luppe exposed worm tissue (14 ng 17β-estradiol equivalents/mg) indicated that food might act as secondary source to EDCs. While there were no differences in concentrations of NP in plasma of tench from the Luppe and Laucha, vitellogenin, a biomarker for exposure to EDCs, was induced in male tench and roach from the Luppe River compared to both the Laucha and cultured fish by a factor of 264 and 90, respectively. However, no histological alterations in testis of these fish were observed. Our findings suggest that sediments substantially contribute to the overall EDC exposure of both benthic and pelagic fish but that the exposure did not impact gonad status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nele Markert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Leser
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Kämpfer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University Bern, Länggassstr. 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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De la Parra-Guerra A, Olivero-Verbel J. Toxicity of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylate on Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109709. [PMID: 31654870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the most used chemicals in the world are nonionic surfactants. One of these environmental pollutants is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-9), also known as Tergitol, and its degradation product, nonylphenol (NP). The objective of this work was to determine the toxicity of NP and NP-9 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Wild-type L4 larvae were exposed to different concentrations of the surfactants to measure functional endpoints. Mutant strains were employed to promote the activation of toxicity signaling pathways related to mtl-2, gst-1, gpx-4, gpx-6, sod-4, hsp-70 and hsp-4. Additionally, stress response was also assessed using a daf-16::GFP transgenic strain. The lethality was concentration dependent, with 24-h LC50 of 122 μM and 3215 μM for NP and NP-9, respectively. Both compounds inhibited nematode growth, although NP was more potent; and at non-lethal concentrations, nematode locomotion was reduced. The increase in the expression of tested genes was significant at 10 μM for NP-9 and 0.001 μM for NP, implying a likely role for the activation of oxidative and cellular stress, as well as metabolism pathways. With the exception of glutathione peroxidase, which has a bimodal concentration-response curve for NP, typical of endocrine disruption, the other curves for this xenobiotic in the strains evaluated were almost flat for most concentrations, until reaching 50-100 μM, where the effect peaked. NP and NP-9 induced the activation and nuclear translocation of DAF-16, suggesting that transcription of stress-response genes may be mediated by the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. In contrast, NP-9 induced a concentration-dependent response for the sod-4 and hsp-4 mutants, with greater fluorescence induction than NP at similar levels. In short, NP and NP-9 affect the physiology of C. elegans and modulate gene expression related to ROS production, cellular stress and metabolism of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana De la Parra-Guerra
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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15
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Jia Y, Hammers-Wirtz M, Crawford SE, Chen Q, Seiler TB, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Effect-based and chemical analyses of agonistic and antagonistic endocrine disruptors in multiple matrices of eutrophic freshwaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1096-1104. [PMID: 30266054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, both bioanalytical and instrumental tools were employed to examine the endocrine-disruptive potentials of water samples, cyanobloom samples, and sediment samples collected from in the northern region of Taihu Lake (China) during cyanobloom season. Results from cell-based bioassays suggested the occurrence of estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and anti-glucocorticogenic activities, while no androgenic and glucocorticogenic activities were observed in the collected samples. Using an UPLC-MS/MS system, 29 endocrine disrupting compounds including seven estrogens, seven androgens, six progestogens, and five adrenocortical hormones and four industrial pollutants were simultaneously detected. 17, 20 and 12 chemicals were detected at least in one of the water samples, cyanobloom samples and sediment samples, respectively. Since both agonistic and antagonistic endocrine-disruptive activities were detected in the present study, commonly used receptor-based in vitro bioassays resulted in net effects, suggesting that the hormone receptor agonistic potentials might be underestimated with this practice. The EDCs detected in cyanobloom samples also highlight the necessity to consider the phytoplankton matrix for understanding the mass fluxes of endocrine disruptors in eutrophic freshwaters and to consider it in monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiqing Chen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Natoli L, Luci G, Mennillo E, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Assessing the effects of Awba dam sediment (Nigeria) on the steroidogenesis of H295R cells using different extraction methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:121-131. [PMID: 30196212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, H295R human cells were used to investigate the endocrine disruptor potential of three different sediments extracts taken from a Nigerian tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam), using three extraction methods that allowed a selective consideration of contaminants based on their binding affinity, which is mainly driven by polarity, to sediment particles. After exposure to different concentration of each extract, H295R cells were evaluated for the expression profiles of 10 steroidogenic enzyme genes and estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. Our results showed a comparable concentrated-related increase in the expression of 17β-hsd1, 3β-hsd2 and cyp21 in cells treated with the polar and non-polar extracts. The star, hmgr, cyp11b2 and 17β-hsd4 were slightly decreased, in an apparent concentration-specific manner, after treatment with the polar extract and decreased in the non-polar treatment. The cyp11a and cyp17 showed an opposite trend in the polar and non-polar treatments. E2 was significantly higher in cell treated with the non-polar extract. Elutriate exposure produced less pronounced variation in mRNA and hormones levels. Overall the extract with non-polar compounds produced the most severe effects in H295R cells. Thus, direct ingestion of detritus and mud from fishes and other benthonic organisms represent possible transfer of contaminants in the trophic web, and mainly account for alteration of the endocrine system previously observed in fish from the same study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Natoli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giacomo Luci
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Jia Y, Chen Q, Crawford SE, Song L, Chen W, Hammers-Wirtz M, Strauss T, Seiler TB, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Cyanobacterial blooms act as sink and source of endocrine disruptors in the third largest freshwater lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:408-418. [PMID: 30453139 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are of global concern due to the multiple harmful risks they pose towards aquatic ecosystem and human health. However, information on the fate of organic pollutants mediated by cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water remains elusive. In the present study, endocrine disruptive potentials of phytoplankton samples were evaluated throughout a year-long surveillance in a large and eutrophic freshwater lake. Severe cyanobacterial blooms persisted during our sampling campaigns. Estrogenic agonistic, anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and anti-glucocorticogenic effects were observed in the phytoplankton samples using in vitro reporter gene bioassays. 27 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of different modes of action were detected in the samples via UPLC-MS/MS system. Results from mass balance analysis indicated that the measured estrogenic activities were greater than the predicted estrogenic potencies from chemical analysis, demonstrating that chemical analysis of targeted EDCs is unable to fully explain the compounds responsible for the observed estrogenicities. Results from Spearman's correlation analysis concluded that the concentrations of ten EDCs in phytoplankton samples were negatively correlated with cyanobacterial biomass, suggesting the potential occurrence of biomass bio-dilution effects of EDCs due to the huge biomass of cyanobacteria during bloom seasons. The present study provided complementary information about the potential endocrine disruptive risks of cyanobacterial blooms, which is important for understanding and regulating EDCs in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Qiqing Chen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lirong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tido Strauss
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China
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Prochazkova T, Sychrova E, Vecerkova J, Javurkova B, Otoupalikova A, Pernica M, Simek Z, Smutna M, Lepsova-Skacelova O, Hilscherova K. Estrogenic activity and contributing compounds in stagnant water bodies with massive occurrence of phytoplankton. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 136:12-21. [PMID: 29486257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stagnant water bodies have generally received little attention regarding the presence of endocrine disruptive compounds, although they can integrate diverse pollutants from multiple different sources. Many compounds of anthropogenic as well as natural origin can contribute to the overall estrogenicity of surface waters and some of them can exhibit adverse effects on aquatic biota even in very low concentrations. This study focused on freshwater ponds and reservoirs affected by water blooms and determined the estrogenic activity of water by in vitro bioassay as well as concentrations of several important groups of estrogenic compounds (estrogenic hormones, alkylphenols, and phytoestrogens) by LC-MS/MS analyses. Estrogenic hormones were found at concentrations up to 7.1 ng.L-1, similarly to flavonoids, whose concentrations did not exceed 12.5 ng.L-1. Among alkylphenols, only bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol were detected in levels reaching 100 ng.L-1 at maximum. Estrogenic activity of water samples varied from below the quantification limit to 1.95 ng.L-1. There does not seem to be any general causal link of the massive phytoplankton occurrence with the estrogenicity of water or concentration of phytoestrogens, since they showed no direct relationship with the phytoplankton abundance or composition across sites. The contribution of the analysed compounds to the estrogenic activity was calculated in three scenarios. In minimum scenario, just the compounds above quantification limit (LOQ) were taken into account and for most samples, only minor part (<6%) of the biological activity could be explained. In the mean and maximum scenarios, we included also compounds below LOQ into the calculations at the level of LOQ/2 and LOQ, respectively. In these cases, a considerable part of the estrogenic activity could be attributed to the possible presence of steroid estrogens below LOQ. However, for the samples with estrogenic activity greater than 1 ng.L-1, more than 50% of the estrogenic activity remained unexplained even in the maximum scenario. Probably other compounds or possible interactions between individual substances cause the estrogenic activity in these types of water bodies and in this case, the results of LC-MS/MS analyses cannot sufficiently predict the biological effects. A complex approach including bioassays is needed when assessing the estrogenicity of these types of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prochazkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Sychrova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Vecerkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Javurkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Otoupalikova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Pernica
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Simek
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Smutna
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Lepsova-Skacelova
- Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - K Hilscherova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Könemann S, Kase R, Simon E, Swart K, Buchinger S, Schlüsener M, Hollert H, Escher BI, Werner I, Aït-Aïssa S, Vermeirssen E, Dulio V, Valsecchi S, Polesello S, Behnisch P, Javurkova B, Perceval O, Di Paolo C, Olbrich D, Sychrova E, Schlichting R, Leborgne L, Clara M, Scheffknecht C, Marneffe Y, Chalon C, Tušil P, Soldàn P, von Danwitz B, Schwaiger J, San Martín Becares MI, Bersani F, Hilscherová K, Reifferscheid G, Ternes T, Carere M. Effect-based and chemical analytical methods to monitor estrogens under the European Water Framework Directive. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Boehler S, Strecker R, Heinrich P, Prochazka E, Northcott GL, Ataria JM, Leusch FDL, Braunbeck T, Tremblay LA. Assessment of urban stream sediment pollutants entering estuaries using chemical analysis and multiple bioassays to characterise biological activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:498-507. [PMID: 28360001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater contaminants are a major source of often neglected environmental stressors because of the emphasis placed on the management of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Stormwater-derived pollutants in sediments from two New Zealand estuaries was characterised by analytical chemistry and bioassays. Contaminants were extracted from sediment using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), recovered and concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE), and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), selected metals, and musk fragrances. The concentrations of PAHs were below the ANZECC Interim Sediment Quality Guideline values while those of lead and zinc exceeded them in some samples. The sediment extracts containing organic contaminants exhibited acute toxicity in the zebrafish fish embryo toxicity (FET) and teratogenicity, induction of biotransformation (EROD activity), and genotoxicity (comet assay) in zebrafish. The potential of the extracts to interact with endocrine signalling processes was assessed by GeneBLAzer reporter gene bioassays and they exhibited estrogenic, androgenic, and anti-progestagenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Boehler
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Strecker
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Heinrich
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Prochazka
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | | | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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22
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Crawford SE, Cofalla CBN, Aumeier B, Brinkmann M, Classen E, Esser V, Ganal C, Kaip E, Häussling R, Lehmkuhl F, Letmathe P, Müller AK, Rabinovitch I, Reicherter K, Schwarzbauer J, Schmitt M, Stauch G, Wessling M, Yüce S, Hecker M, Kidd KA, Altenburger R, Brack W, Schüttrumpf H, Hollert H. Project house water: a novel interdisciplinary framework to assess the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of flood-related impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2017; 29:23. [PMID: 28752018 PMCID: PMC5504220 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-017-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protecting our water resources in terms of quality and quantity is considered one of the big challenges of the twenty-first century, which requires global and multidisciplinary solutions. A specific threat to water resources, in particular, is the increased occurrence and frequency of flood events due to climate change which has significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In addition to climate change, flooding (or subsequent erosion and run-off) may be exacerbated by, or result from, land use activities, obstruction of waterways, or urbanization of floodplains, as well as mining and other anthropogenic activities that alter natural flow regimes. Climate change and other anthropogenic induced flood events threaten the quantity of water as well as the quality of ecosystems and associated aquatic life. The quality of water can be significantly reduced through the unintentional distribution of pollutants, damage of infrastructure, and distribution of sediments and suspended materials during flood events. To understand and predict how flood events and associated distribution of pollutants may impact ecosystem and human health, as well as infrastructure, large-scale interdisciplinary collaborative efforts are required, which involve ecotoxicologists, hydrologists, chemists, geoscientists, water engineers, and socioeconomists. The research network "project house water" consists of a number of experts from a wide range of disciplines and was established to improve our current understanding of flood events and associated societal and environmental impacts. The concept of project house and similar seed fund and boost fund projects was established by the RWTH Aachen University within the framework of the German excellence initiative with support of the German research foundation (DFG) to promote and fund interdisciplinary research projects and provide a platform for scientists to collaborate on innovative, challenging research. Project house water consists of six proof-of-concept studies in very diverse and interdisciplinary areas of research (ecotoxicology, water, and chemical process engineering, geography, sociology, economy). The goal is to promote and foster high-quality research in the areas of water research and flood-risk assessments that combine and build off-laboratory experiments with modeling, monitoring, and surveys, as well as the use of applied methods and techniques across a variety of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Crawford
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Catrina Brüll nee Cofalla
- Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies van der Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Aumeier
- Chair of Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
- School of the Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Elisa Classen
- Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies van der Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Esser
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Ganal
- Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies van der Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Kaip
- Institute of Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstrasse 7, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger Häussling
- Institute of Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstrasse 7, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmkuhl
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Letmathe
- Chair of Management Accounting, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Müller
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ilja Rabinovitch
- Chair of Management Accounting, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Reicherter
- Institute of Neotectonics and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Schmitt
- Institute of Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstrasse 7, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Stauch
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chair of Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Yüce
- Chair of Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
- School of the Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Karen A. Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Effect-directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony Germany
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Effect-directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Saxony Germany
| | - Holger Schüttrumpf
- Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies van der Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Xiao H, Brinkmann M, Thalmann B, Schiwy A, Große Brinkhaus S, Achten C, Eichbaum K, Gembé C, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Toward Streamlined Identification of Dioxin-like Compounds in Environmental Samples through Integration of Suspension Bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3382-3390. [PMID: 28190338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a powerful strategy to identify biologically active compounds in environmental samples. However, in current EDA studies, fractionation and handling procedures are laborious, consist of multiple evaporation steps, and thus bear the risk of contamination and decreased recoveries of the target compounds. The low resulting throughput has been one of the major bottlenecks of EDA. Here, we propose a high-throughput EDA (HT-EDA) work-flow combining reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of samples into 96-well microplates, followed by toxicity assessment in the micro-EROD bioassay with the wild-type rat hepatoma H4IIE cells, and chemical analysis of bioactive fractions. The approach was evaluated using single substances, binary mixtures, and extracts of sediment samples collected at the Three Gorges Reservoir, Yangtze River, China, as well as the rivers Rhine and Elbe, Germany. Selected bioactive fractions were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure laser ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. In addition, we optimized the work-flow by seeding previously adapted suspension-cultured H4IIE cells directly into the microplate used for fractionation, which makes any transfers of fractionated samples unnecessary. The proposed HT-EDA work-flow simplifies the procedure for wider application in ecotoxicology and environmental routine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | | | - Sigrid Große Brinkhaus
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Henner Hollert
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , 400030 Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University , 200092 Shanghai, China
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Lasier PJ, Urich ML, Hassan SM, Jacobs WN, Bringolf RB, Owens KM. Changing agricultural practices: potential consequences to aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:672. [PMID: 27848110 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices pose threats to biotic diversity in freshwater systems with increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides for weed control and animal waste for soil amendment becoming common in many regions. Over the past two decades, these particular agricultural trends have corresponded with marked declines in populations of fish and mussel species in the Upper Conasauga River watershed in Georgia/Tennessee, USA. To investigate the potential role of agriculture in the population declines, surface waters and sediments throughout the basin were tested for toxicity and analyzed for glyphosate, metals, nutrients, and steroid hormones. Assessments of chronic toxicity with Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca indicated that few water or sediment samples were harmful and metal concentrations were generally below impairment levels. Glyphosate was not observed in surface waters, although its primary degradation product, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), was detected in 77% of the samples (mean = 509 μg/L, n = 99) and one or both compounds were measured in most sediment samples. Waterborne AMPA concentrations supported an inference that surfactants associated with glyphosate may be present at levels sufficient to affect early life stages of mussels. Nutrient enrichment of surface waters was widespread with nitrate (mean = 0.7 mg NO3-N/L, n = 179) and phosphorus (mean = 275 μg/L, n = 179) exceeding levels associated with eutrophication. Hormone concentrations in sediments were often above those shown to cause endocrine disruption in fish and appear to reflect the widespread application of poultry litter and manure. Observed species declines may be at least partially due to hormones, although excess nutrients and herbicide surfactants may also be implicated.
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Viganò L, Loizeau JL, Mandich A, Mascolo G. Medium- and Long-Term Effects of Estrogenic Contaminants on the Middle River Po Fish Community as Reconstructed from a Sediment Core. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:454-472. [PMID: 27655388 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that endocrine active compounds (EDs) capable to induce fish gonadal histopathologies, plasma vitellogenin and thyroid disruption, are transported by the River Lambro to the River Po, potentially affecting the fish community of the main Italian river. To assess whether fish relative abundance, composition and health were impaired by the River Lambro, a 3-year survey was undertaken in the main river. Results showed that the tributary supports in the River Po a denser fish community (+43 %), with a higher total biomass (+35 %). The survey also showed niche- and sensitivity-dependent effects, so that three benthopelagic species (bleak, topmouth gudgeon, and bitterling) were, for example, more abundant downstream from the tributary (up to 3.4×), but their sizes were significantly smaller. The present fish community was then compared with that described 30 years before in the same area of the Po River. This comparison highlighted that some fish species have disappeared and many have severely declined. To better evaluate this contrast, a sediment core of the Lambro tributary was analysed for the time trends of natural estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenol A and alkylphenols. The results showed that during the last 50 years the River Lambro has been exposed to high estrogenic activities (16.1 ± 9.3 ng E2 equivalents/g), which inevitably affected also the River Po. In addition, at the time of the previous survey, six species of the main river had skewed sex ratios toward all-female populations, providing evidence that EDs and particularly (xeno)estrogens were already affecting the long-term viability of fish populations. Estrogens thus can be ascribed among the causal factors of fish qualitative and quantitative decline of the River Po, although long-term effects have been likely mitigated by nonconfinement of fish populations and nutrient enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Council of Research (IRSA-CNR), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Milan, Brugherio, Italy.
| | - J-L Loizeau
- Institut F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Mandich
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Council of Research (IRSA-CNR), via F. de Blasio 5, Bari, Italy
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Ezechiáš M, Cajthaml T. Novel full logistic model for estimation of the estrogenic activity of chemical mixtures. Toxicology 2016; 359-360:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Maletz S, Wollenweber M, Kubiak K, Müller A, Schmitz S, Maier D, Hecker M, Hollert H. Investigation of potential endocrine disrupting effects of mosquito larvicidal Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) formulations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:729-738. [PMID: 26254073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bti is successfully used as a biological control agent for mosquito control. It has proven to be ecological friendly, and thus, is used in ecologically sensitive habitats. Recent investigations of groundwater in Germany have detected estrogenic activity in five consecutive groundwater wells in a region where Bti is applied. Therefore, it was suspected that this compound can act as an environmental xenoestrogen. In the present study, five Bti formulations as well as the active ingredient, VectoBac® TP (TP), were investigated regarding their estrogenic activity using the LYES and ER CALUX® assays. Furthermore, their steroidogenesis disruption properties were studied using the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay. Additionally, field samples from a Bti application area as well as samples from an artificial pond were examined. Three of the Bti formulations and the active ingredient TP showed significant estrogenic activity in the LYES (up to 52 ng·l(-1) estradiol equivalents (EEQ) in the 18-fold concentration) and/or the ER CALUX® (up to 1 ng·EEQ·l(-1) in the 18-fold concentration). In the H295R significant but weak effects with no dose-response-relationship on the production of estradiol, and 21-hydroxyprogesterone (WDG) as well as testosterone (TP) by H295R cells could be observed. The field samples as well as the samples from the artificial pond showed no significant increase of estrogenic activity after application of TP or WDG in the ER CALUX®. With the exception of the controlled laboratory experiments with direct application of Bti to the utilized in vitro test systems the present study did not reveal any significant effects of Bti on endocrine functions that would indicate that the application of Bti could cause adverse endocrine effects to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Instead, our results support previous studies that the use of Bti products against mosquitos would be safe even for sensitive habitats such as conservation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Maletz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Wollenweber
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubiak
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annett Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmitz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Maier
- Heinrich-Sontheimer-Laboratories, Prüfstelle Wasser und Korrosion, Water Technology Center, Wasserwerkstr. 4, 76137 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of the Environment & Sustainability, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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Viganò L, De Flora S, Gobbi M, Guiso G, Izzotti A, Mandich A, Mascolo G, Roscioli C. Exposing native cyprinid (Barbus plebejus) juveniles to river sediments leads to gonadal alterations, genotoxic effects and thyroid disruption. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:223-239. [PMID: 26580918 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles (50 days post hatch) of a native cyprinid fish (Barbus plebejus) were exposed for 7 months to sediments from the River Lambro, a polluted tributary impairing the quality of the River Po for tens of kilometers from their confluence. Sediments were collected upstream of the city of Milan and downstream at the closure of the drainage basin of the River Lambro. Chemical analyses revealed the presence of a complex mixture of bioavailable endocrine-active chemicals, with higher exposure levels in the downstream section of the tributary. Mainly characterized by brominated flame retardants, alkylphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, and minor co-occurring personal care products and natural hormones, the sediment contamination induced reproductive disorders, as well as other forms of endocrine disruption and toxicity. In particular, exposed male barbel exhibited higher biliary PAH-like metabolites, overexpression of the cyp1a gene, vitellogenin production in all specimens, the presence of oocytes (up to 22% intersex), degenerative alterations in their testis, liver fat vacuolization, a marked depression of total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels, and genotoxic damages determined as hepatic DNA adducts. These results clearly demonstrate that Lambro sediments alone are responsible for recognizable changes in the structure and function of the reproductive and, in general, the endocrine system of a native fish species. In the real environment, exposure to waterborne and food-web sources of chemicals are responsible for additional toxic loads, and the present findings thus provide evidence for a causal role of this tributary in the severe decline observed in barbel in recent decades and raise concern that the fish community of the River Po is exposed to endocrine-mediated health effects along tens of kilometres of its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Guiso
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Biosistemi e Biostrutture (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
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Ke X, Wang C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gui S. Characterization of estrogenic receptor agonists and evaluation of estrogenic activity in the sediments of Liaohe River protected areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:176-181. [PMID: 26388445 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic activity of 12 sediment samples from Liaohe River protected areas was evaluated by the recombinant yeast bioassays. The bioassay-derived 17β-estradiol equivalents of crude extracts (Bio-EEQcrudes) were between 52.2 and 207.6pg/g dry weight. The most concerned estrogenic receptor (ER) agonists including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined. The concentrations of E1, E2, E3, EE2, BPA, andΣ10OCPs ranged up to 203.3pg/g, 185.8pg/g, 237.7pg/g, 188.5pg/g, 51.0ng/g, and 3.6ng/g, respectively. Taken together with polarity-based fractionation, in vitro bioassay and chemical analysis, it indicated that E1, E2, and EE2 were the predominant ER agonists and were mainly from the discharge of domestic wastewater and breeding wastewater. Meanwhile, this study showed that the establishment of protected areas had not obviously reduced the ecological risk caused by ER agonists in Liaohe River protected areas sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ke
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Chunyong Wang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Shaofeng Gui
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
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Gilbert D, Mayer P, Pedersen M, Vinggaard AM. Endocrine activity of persistent organic pollutants accumulated in human silicone implants--Dosing in vitro assays by partitioning from silicone. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 84:107-114. [PMID: 26264162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in human tissues may pose a risk for human health by interfering with the endocrine system. This study establishes a new link between actual human internal POP levels and the endocrine active dose in vitro, applying partitioning-controlled dosing from silicone to the H295R steroidogenesis assay: (1) Measured concentrations of POPs in silicone breast implants were taken from a recent study and silicone disks were loaded according to these measurements. (2) Silicone disks were transferred into H295R cell culture plates in order to control exposure of the adrenal cells by equilibrium partitioning. (3) Hormone production of the adrenal cells was measured as toxicity endpoint. 4-Nonylphenol was used for method development, and the new dosing method was compared to conventional solvent-dosing. The two dosing modes yielded similar dose-dependent hormonal responses of H295R cells. However, with the partitioning-controlled freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) as dose metrics, dose-response curves were left-shifted by two orders of magnitude relative to spiked concentrations. Partitioning-controlled dosing of POPs resulted in up to 2-fold increases in progestagen and corticosteroid levels at Cfree of individual POPs in or below the femtomolar range. Silicone acted not only as source of the POPs but also as a sorption sink for lipophilic hormones, stimulating the cellular hormone production. Methodologically, the study showed that silicone can be used as reference partitioning phase to transfer in vivo exposure in humans (silicone implants) to in vitro assays (partition-controlled dosing). The main finding was that POPs at the levels at which they are found in humans can interfere with steroidogenesis in a human adrenocortical cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Gilbert
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Pedersen
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
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Luigi V, Giuseppe M, Claudio R. Emerging and priority contaminants with endocrine active potentials in sediments and fish from the River Po (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14050-14066. [PMID: 25956513 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a substantial lack of information on most priority pollutants, related contamination trends, and (eco)toxicological risks for the major Italian watercourse, the River Po. Targeting substances of various uses and origins, this study provides the first systematic data for the River Po on a wide set of priority and emerging chemicals, all characterized by endocrine-active potentials. Flame retardants, natural and synthetic hormones, surfactants, personal care products, legacy pollutants, and other chemicals have been investigated in sediments from the River Po and its tributary, the River Lambro, as well as in four fish species from the final section of the main river. With few exceptions, all chemicals investigated could be tracked in the sediments of the main Italian river for tens or hundreds of kilometres downstream from the Lambro tributary. Nevertheless, the results indicate that most of these contaminants, i.e., TBBPA, TCBPA, TBBPA-bis, DBDPE, HBCD, BPA, OP, TCS, TCC, AHTN, HHCB, and DDT, individually pose a negligible risk to the River Po. In contrast, PBDE, PCB, natural and synthetic estrogens, and to a much lower extent NP, were found at levels of concern either to aquatic life or human health. Adverse biological effects and prohibition of fish consumption deserve research attention and management initiatives, also considering the transport of contaminated sediments to transitional and coastal environments of the Italian river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viganò Luigi
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (Water Research Institute), Sezione di Brugherio, Via del Mulino, 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy,
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Osman AGM, AbouelFadl KY, Krüger A, Kloas W. Screening of multiple hormonal activities in water and sediment from the river Nile, Egypt, using in vitro bioassay and gonadal histology. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:317. [PMID: 25937496 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Egypt, until yet no records are available regarding possible multiple hormonal activities in the aquatic systems and especially in the river Nile. In this paper, in vitro yeast estrogen screen (YES) and yeast androgen screen (YAS) were used to assess (for the first time) the multiple hormonal activities in surface waters and sediments of the river Nile. This study aimed to determine whether river Nile water can cause changes in gonadal histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus). All water samples exhibited extremely low levels of estrogenicity. Estrogenicity was nearly not detected in any of the sediment samples. Unlike the estrogenicity, significant androgenic activities were recorded in the water and sediment samples along the course of the river Nile. The present study reports for the first time quantification anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities with high levels in both water and sediment of the river Nile. The greatest anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were observed in samples from downstream river Nile. These results indicated that the anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities along the Nile course were great and the pollution of the sites at downstream was more serious than the upstream sites due to industrial and anthropogenic activities at these sites. Good correlations were observed among some hormonal activities, suggesting coexistence of these contaminants in the environmental matrices. There were no signs of sexual disruption in any of the gonads analyzed from either male or female Nile tilapia, demonstrating that no hormonal activity present along the Nile course was sufficient to induce adverse effects on reproductive development. Further investigation is necessary to identify the compounds responsible for the hormonal activities in the river Nile and to examine effects of very low levels of hormonally active compounds on gonadal histology, as well as in the development of more sensitive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524, Assiut, Egypt,
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Zhu C, Hu C, Lu J, Wang X, Huang L, Chen T. Electrocatalytic degradation of bisphenol a in aqueous solution using β-PbO2/Ti as anode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Altenburger R, Ait-Aissa S, Antczak P, Backhaus T, Barceló D, Seiler TB, Brion F, Busch W, Chipman K, de Alda ML, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Escher BI, Falciani F, Faust M, Focks A, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jäger F, Jahnke A, Kortenkamp A, Krauss M, Lemkine GF, Munthe J, Neumann S, Schymanski EL, Scrimshaw M, Segner H, Slobodnik J, Smedes F, Kughathas S, Teodorovic I, Tindall AJ, Tollefsen KE, Walz KH, Williams TD, Van den Brink PJ, van Gils J, Vrana B, Zhang X, Brack W. Future water quality monitoring--adapting tools to deal with mixtures of pollutants in water resource management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:540-551. [PMID: 25644849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality monitoring of water resources is challenged with providing the basis for safeguarding the environment against adverse biological effects of anthropogenic chemical contamination from diffuse and point sources. While current regulatory efforts focus on monitoring and assessing a few legacy chemicals, many more anthropogenic chemicals can be detected simultaneously in our aquatic resources. However, exposure to chemical mixtures does not necessarily translate into adverse biological effects nor clearly shows whether mitigation measures are needed. Thus, the question which mixtures are present and which have associated combined effects becomes central for defining adequate monitoring and assessment strategies. Here we describe the vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects. First of all, multi-residue target and non-target screening techniques covering a broader range of anticipated chemicals co-occurring in the environment are being developed. By improving sensitivity and detection limits for known bioactive compounds of concern, new analytical chemistry data for multiple components can be obtained and used to characterise priority mixtures. This information on chemical occurrence will be used to predict mixture toxicity and to derive combined effect estimates suitable for advancing environmental quality standards. Secondly, bioanalytical tools will be explored to provide aggregate bioactivity measures integrating all components that produce common (adverse) outcomes even for mixtures of varying compositions. The ambition is to provide comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations that link multiple chemical exposures to various environmental protection goals more directly and to provide improved in situ observations for impact assessment of mixtures. Thirdly, effect-directed analysis (EDA) will be applied to identify major drivers of mixture toxicity. Refinements of EDA include the use of statistical approaches with monitoring information for guidance of experimental EDA studies. These three approaches will be explored using case studies at the Danube and Rhine river basins as well as rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. The synthesis of findings will be organised to provide guidance for future solution-oriented environmental monitoring and explore more systematic ways to assess mixture exposures and combination effects in future water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Altenburger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs Gata 22b, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francois Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Michael Faust
- Faust & Backhaus Environmental Consulting, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Jäger
- Synchem UG & Co. KG, Am Kies 2, 34587 Felsberg-Altenburg, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregory F Lemkine
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - John Munthe
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, 400 14 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark Scrimshaw
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, PO Box 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subramaniam Kughathas
- Brunel University, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences¸ Trg Dositeja Obradovića, 321000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Heinz Walz
- MAXX Mess- und Probenahmetechnik GmbH, Hechinger Straße 41, D-72414 Rangendingen, Germany
| | - Tim D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos van Gils
- Foundation Deltares, Potbus 177, 277 MH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Fetter E, Krauss M, Brion F, Kah O, Scholz S, Brack W. Effect-directed analysis for estrogenic compounds in a fluvial sediment sample using transgenic cyp19a1b-GFP zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:221-229. [PMID: 24927039 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Xenoestrogens may persist in the environment by binding to sediments or suspended particulate matter serving as long-term reservoir and source of exposure, particularly for organisms living in or in contact with sediments. In this study, we present for the first time an effect-directed analysis (EDA) for identifying estrogenic compounds in a sediment sample using embryos of a transgenic reporter fish strain. In the tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) transgenic zebrafish strain, the expression of GFP (green fluorescent protein) in the brain is driven by an oestrogen responsive element in the promoter of the cyp19a1b (aromatase) gene. The selected sediment sample of the Czech river Bilina had already been analysed in a previous EDA using the yeast oestrogen screening assay and had revealed fractions containing estrogenic compounds. When normal phase HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) fractionation was used for the separation of the sediment sample, the biotest with transgenic fish embryos revealed two estrogenic fractions. Chemical analysis of candidate compounds in these sediment fractions suggested alkylphenols and estrone as candidate compounds responsible for the observed estrogenic effect. Alkylphenol concentrations could partially explain the estrogenicity of the fractions. However, xenoestrogens below the analytical detection limit or non-targeted estrogenic compounds have probably also contributed to the sample's estrogenic potency. The results indicated the suitability of the tg(cyp19a1b-GFP) fish embryo for an integrated chemical-biological analysis of estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fetter
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - François Brion
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Research Institute for Environment, Health and Occupation, INSERM U1085, Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Simon A, Maletz SX, Hollert H, Schäffer A, Maes HM. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:396. [PMID: 25170332 PMCID: PMC4142056 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L, 31.25 to 500 μg TCC/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L + 1% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 μg/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Simon
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sibylle X Maletz
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanna M Maes
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Henneberg A, Bender K, Blaha L, Giebner S, Kuch B, Köhler HR, Maier D, Oehlmann J, Richter D, Scheurer M, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Sieratowicz A, Ziebart S, Triebskorn R. Are in vitro methods for the detection of endocrine potentials in the aquatic environment predictive for in vivo effects? Outcomes of the Projects SchussenAktiv and SchussenAktivplus in the Lake Constance Area, Germany. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98307. [PMID: 24901835 PMCID: PMC4047013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies about endocrine pollution in the aquatic environment reveal changes in the reproduction system of biota. We analysed endocrine activities in two rivers in Southern Germany using three approaches: (1) chemical analyses, (2) in vitro bioassays, and (3) in vivo investigations in fish and snails. Chemical analyses were based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. For in vitro analyses of endocrine potentials in water, sediment, and waste water samples, we used the E-screen assay (human breast cancer cells MCF-7) and reporter gene assays (human cell line HeLa-9903 and MDA-kb2). In addition, we performed reproduction tests with the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to analyse water and sediment samples. We exposed juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) to water downstream of a wastewater outfall (Schussen River) or to water from a reference site (Argen River) to investigate the vitellogenin production. Furthermore, two feral fish species, chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus), were caught in both rivers to determine their gonadal maturity and the gonadosomatic index. Chemical analyses provided only little information about endocrine active substances, whereas the in vitro assays revealed endocrine potentials in most of the samples. In addition to endocrine potentials, we also observed toxic potentials (E-screen/reproduction test) in waste water samples, which could interfere with and camouflage endocrine effects. The results of our in vivo tests were mostly in line with the results of the in vitro assays and revealed a consistent reproduction-disrupting (reproduction tests) and an occasional endocrine action (vitellogenin levels) in both investigated rivers, with more pronounced effects for the Schussen river (e.g. a lower gonadosomatic index). We were able to show that biological in vitro assays for endocrine potentials in natural stream water reasonably reflect reproduction and endocrine disruption observed in snails and field-exposed fish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Henneberg
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Bender
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Giebner
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Kuch
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana Maier
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Agnes Sieratowicz
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Ziebart
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Wang J, Bovee TFH, Bi Y, Bernhöft S, Schramm KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers and estrogen receptor (ER) activities in surface sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China evaluated with in vitro cell bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3145-3155. [PMID: 24213842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two types of biological tests were employed for monitoring the toxicological profile of sediment cores in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China. In the present study, sediments collected in June 2010 from TGR were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER)- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities. The estrogenic activity was assessed using a rapid yeast estrogen bioassay, based on the expression of a green fluorescent reporter protein. Weak anti-estrogenic activity was detected in sediments from an area close to the dam of the reservoir, and weak estrogenic activities ranging from 0.3 to 1 ng 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalents (EQ) g(-1) dry weight sediment (dw) were detected in sediments from the Wanzhou to Guojiaba areas. In the upstream areas Wanzhou and Wushan, sediments demonstrated additive effects in co-administration of 1 nM E2 in the yeast test system, while sediments from the downstream Badong and Guojiaba areas showed estrogenic activities which seemed to be more than additive (synergistic activity). There was an increasing tendency in estrogenic activity from upstream of TGR to downstream, while this tendency terminated and converted into anti-estrogenic activity in the area close to the dam. The AhR activity was detected employing rat hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). EROD activities were found homogenously distributed in sediments in TGR ranging from 200 to 311 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) EQ g(-1) dw for total AhR agonists and from 45 to 76 pg TCDD EQ g(-1) dw for more persistent AhR agonists. The known AhR agonists polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl, and PCDD/F only explained up to 8 % of the more persistent AhR agonist activity in the samples, which suggests that unidentified AhR-active compounds represented a great proportion of the TCDD EQ in sediments from TGR. These findings of estrogenic potential and dioxin-like activity in TGR sediments provide possible weight-of-evidence of potential ecotoxicological causes for the declines in fish populations which have been observed during the past decades in TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- Department for Biosciences, Center for Life & Food Sciences, Land Use and Environment, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany,
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Hulak M, Gazo I, Shaliutina A, Linhartova P. In vitro effects of bisphenol A on the quality parameters, oxidative stress, DNA integrity and adenosine triphosphate content in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) spermatozoa. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:64-71. [PMID: 23680852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among endocrine disruptors, the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) deserves particular attention due to widespread human exposure. Besides hormonal effects, BPA has been suspected to be responsible for adverse effect on reproductive ability of various species. In the present study the effect of BPA on the quality parameters, oxidative stress, the DNA integrity and intracellular ATP content of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) spermatozoa were investigated in vitro. Fish spermatozoa were exposed to concentrations of BPA possibly occurring in nature (0.5, 1.75, 2.5, 5 and 10μg/L) for 2h. Results revealed that BPA significantly decreased spermatozoa motility and velocity of spermatozoa at concentration of BPA 2.5-10μg/L. Significant positive correlation (r=0.713, P<0.05) was found between percent motile spermatozoa and ATP content. Oxidative stress was observed at concentrations 1.75-10μg/L, as reflected by significantly higher levels of protein and lipid oxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Intracellular ATP content of spermatozoa decreased with increasing concentrations of BPA. A dramatic increase in DNA fragmentation expressed as percent tail DNA (2.2%±0.46) and Olive tail moment (0.37±0.09 arbitrary units) was recorded at concentrations of 1.75μg/L and above. The present study confirms that concentrations of BPA that can be encountered in nature are capable to induce oxidative stress, leading to impaired sperm quality, DNA fragmentation and intracellular ATP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hulak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Xu T, Close DM, Sayler GS, Ripp S. Genetically modified whole-cell bioreporters for environmental assessment. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2013; 28:125-141. [PMID: 26594130 PMCID: PMC4649933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Living whole-cell bioreporters serve as environmental biosentinels that survey their ecosystems for harmful pollutants and chemical toxicants, and in the process act as human and other higher animal proxies to pre-alert for unfavorable, damaging, or toxic conditions. Endowed with bioluminescent, fluorescent, or colorimetric signaling elements, bioreporters can provide a fast, easily measured link to chemical contaminant presence, bioavailability, and toxicity relative to a living system. Though well tested in the confines of the laboratory, real-world applications of bioreporters are limited. In this review, we will consider bioreporter technologies that have evolved from the laboratory towards true environmental applications, and discuss their merits as well as crucial advancements that still require adoption for more widespread utilization. Although the vast majority of environmental monitoring strategies rely upon bioreporters constructed from bacteria, we will also examine environmental biosensing through the use of less conventional eukaryotic-based bioreporters, whose chemical signaling capacity facilitates a more human-relevant link to toxicity and health-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- The University of Tennessee Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Dan M. Close
- The Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS6342 Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gary S. Sayler
- The University of Tennessee Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- The Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS6342 Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Steven Ripp
- The University of Tennessee Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Maletz S, Floehr T, Beier S, Klümper C, Brouwer A, Behnisch P, Higley E, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Gebhardt W, Linnemann V, Pinnekamp J, Hollert H. In vitro characterization of the effectiveness of enhanced sewage treatment processes to eliminate endocrine activity of hospital effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1545-57. [PMID: 23305681 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems is related to sewage effluents. Due to the possible adverse effects on wildlife and humans, degradation and removal of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites during wastewater treatment is an increasingly important task. The present study was part of a proof of concept study at a medium sized country hospital in western Germany that investigated efficiency of advanced treatment processes to remove toxic potencies from sewage. Specifically, the efficiency of treatment processes such as a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and ozonation to remove endocrine disruptive potentials was assessed. Estrogenic effects were characterized by use of two receptor-mediated in vitro transactivation assays, the Lyticase Yeast Estrogen Screen (LYES) and the Estrogen Receptor mediated Chemical Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (ER CALUX(®)). In addition, the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay (H295R) was utilized to detect potential disruption of steroidogenesis. Raw sewage contained measurable estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated potency as determined by use of the LYES (28.9 ± 8.6 ng/L, 0.33× concentration), which was reduced after treatment by MBR (2.3 ± 0.3 ng/L) and ozone (1.2 ± 0.4 ng/L). Results were confirmed by use of ER CALUX(®) which measured concentrations of estrogen equivalents (EEQs) of 0.2 ± 0.11 ng/L (MBR) and 0.01 ± 0.02 ng/L (ozonation). In contrast, treatment with ozone resulted in greater production of estradiol and aromatase activity at 3× and greater concentrations in H295R cells. It is hypothesized that this is partly due to formation of active oxidized products during ozonation. Substance-specific analyses demonstrated efficient removal of most of the measured compounds by ozonation. A comparison of the ER-mediated responses measured by use of the LYES and ER CALUX(®) with those from the chemical analysis using a mass-balance approach revealed estrone (E1) to be the main compound that caused the estrogenic effects. Overall, treatment of sewage by use of MBR successfully reduced estrogenicity of hospital effluents as well as substances that are able to alter sex steroid production. However, after ozonation, effluents should undergo further investigations regarding the formation of endocrine active metabolites. The results obtained as part of this study demonstrated applicability of in vitro assays for monitoring of endocrine-modulating potency of treated sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Maletz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Schmitt S, Reifferscheid G, Claus E, Schlüsener M, Buchinger S. Effect directed analysis and mixture effects of estrogenic compounds in a sediment of the river Elbe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3350-61. [PMID: 22421800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in the environment and can have serious effects on humans and wildlife. For the establishment of environmental quality guidelines and regulation of EDCs, a better understanding and knowledge of the occurrence and the behavior of environmental EDCs is necessary. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively identify substances that are responsible for the estrogenic effect of an environmental sediment sample taken from the river Elbe/Germany. DISCUSSION The estrogenic effect of the organic sediment extract was determined using the yeast-estrogen-screen (YES). The sample was fractionated by liquid chromatography (LC) for effect directed analysis. The composition of estrogen-active fractions was further investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution LC-MS analysis. The composition of the environmental sample was rebuilt with pure compounds in order to assess the partition of estrogenic activity caused by the identified compounds. The organic sediment extract showed an estrogenic potential of 1.9 ± 0.4 ng/g ethinylestradiol equivalents in the sediment. The most prominent contaminants with an estrogenic potential were 17β-estradiol, estrone, and 4-iso-nonylphenols, but other xenoestrogens like bisphenol A and stigmasterol could be found as well. A rebuild of the sample was measured in the YES in order to investigate mixture effects. About 67 % of the observed estrogenic effect in the sediment extract could be explained by a mixture which contained all identified compounds. Chlorophene (o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol)-a widely used antiseptic that was also identified in the sediment extract-has xenoestrogenic properties in the YES that are in the range of other xenoestrogens like 4-n-nonylphenol. This is the first report on chlorophene acting as a xenoestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmitt
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
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Higley E, Grund S, Jones PD, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Lübcke-von Varel U, Brack W, Wölz J, Zielke H, Giesy JP, Hollert H, Hecker M. Endocrine disrupting, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of upper Danube River sediments using effect-directed analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1053-62. [PMID: 22447245 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) can be useful in identifying and evaluating potential toxic chemicals in matrixes. Previous investigations of extracts of sediments from the upper Danube River in Germany revealed acute nonspecific and mechanism-specific toxicity as determined by several bioassays. In the present study, EDA was used to further characterize these sediments and identify groups of potentially toxic chemicals. Four extracts of sediments were subjected to a novel fractionation scheme coupled with identification of chemicals to characterize their ability to disrupt steroidogenesis or cause mutagenic and/or teratogenic effects. All four whole extracts of sediment caused significant alteration of steroidogenesis and were mutagenic as well as teratogenic. The whole extracts of sediments were separated into 18 fractions and these fractions were then subjected to the same bioassays as the whole extracts. Fractions 7 to 15 of all four extracts were consistently more potent in both the Ames fluctuation and H295R assays. Much of this toxicity could be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sterols, and in fraction 7-naphthoic acids. Because the fraction containing polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorodibenzodioxin/furan, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and several organophosphates did not cause any observable effects on hormone production or a mutagenic response, or were not detected in any of the samples, these compounds could be eliminated as causative agents for the observed effects. These results demonstrate the value of using EDA, which uses multiple bioassays and new fractionation techniques to assess toxicity. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first study using the recently developed H295R assay within EDA strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Higley
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Mao Z, Zheng XF, Zhang YQ, Tao XX, Li Y, Wang W. Occurrence and biodegradation of nonylphenol in the environment. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:491-505. [PMID: 22312266 PMCID: PMC3269700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an ultimate degradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE) that is primarily used in cleaning and industrial processes. Its widespread use has led to the wide existence of NP in various environmental matrices, such as water, sediment, air and soil. NP can be decreased by biodegradation through the action of microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Half-lives of biodegradation ranged from a few days to almost one hundred days. The degradation rate for NP was influenced by temperature, pH and additions of yeast extracts, surfactants, aluminum sulfate, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, manganese dioxide, ferric chloride, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals, and phthalic acid esters. Although NP is present at low concentrations in the environment, as an endocrine disruptor the risks of long-term exposure to low concentrations remain largely unknown. This paper reviews the occurrence of NP in the environment and its aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation in natural environments and sewage treatment plants, which is essential for assessing the potential risk associated with low level exposure to NP and other endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mails: (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-516-83500348; Fax: +86-516-83500348
| | - Xiao-Fei Zheng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mails: (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mails: (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Xiu-Xiang Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yan Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mails: (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; E-Mails: (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
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Huang C, Wu S, Zhang X, Chang H, Zhao Y, Giesy JP, Hu J. Modulation of estrogen synthesis through activation of protein kinase A in H295R cells by extracts of estuary sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2793-2801. [PMID: 21932247 DOI: 10.1002/etc.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sediments from two estuaries within Liaodong Bay, China, were examined for the effects on steroidogenesis using H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Total extracts (TE) isolated from sediments by Soxhlet extraction were separated into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3) using Florisil columns. After exposing H295R cells to each TE and fractions, the expressions of six steroidogenic genes (cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage [CYP11A], 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 [3β-HSD1], 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 [3β-HSD2], cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase [CYP17], cytochrome P450 aromatase [CYP19], 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [17β-HSD]), and the production of six steroid hormones (progesterone [PGT], 17-hydroxyprogesterone [17-HPT], testosterone [TTR], androstenedione [ADD], estrone [E1], and 17β-estradiol [17β-E2]) were measured. The gene expressions of CYP11A, CYP17, 3β-HSD2, and CYP19, and hormone productions of PGT, 17-HPT, TTR, ADD, E1, and 17β-E2 were significantly increased after exposure to F3 extracts from the Daliao River. In particular, greater concentrations of E1 (up to 48-fold) and 17β-E2 (up to 20-fold), as well as up-regulation of CYP19 gene expression (up to tenfold), were caused by exposure to the F3 fraction from the Daliao River, but not from the Daling River. Insight into the mechanism of action was obtained by use of principal component analysis (PCA), the results of which were consistent with unidentified constituents in F3 from the Daliao River activating the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. This hypothesis was confirmed by reversal of the effects caused by F3 through a co-exposure of a PKA inhibitor (H89) and F3 extract. The H89 down-regulated CYP19 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression with concomitant lesser production of E1 and 17β-E2 in the co-exposure group, indicating unidentified constituents that could modulate estrogen synthesis, primarily through a mechanism of PKA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah-Receptor Mediated Toxicants, Mutagens, and Endocrine Disruptors in Sediments and Biota. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hecker M, Hollert H. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) in aquatic ecotoxicology: state of the art and future challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:607-13. [PMID: 19705177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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48
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Eine Weight-of-Evidence-Studie zur Bewertung der Sedimentbelastung und des Fischrückgangs in der Oberen Donau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12302-009-0063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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