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Wan Y, Wang Z, Xu K, Wang W, Yao P, You A. Assessment of occurrence, source appointment, and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the water-sediment interface of Qiantang River in the Hangzhou region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 39315952 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have received global attention owing to their potential risks to human health and the ecological environment. However, limited research has explored the occurrence and ecological risks of PPCPs in the Qiantang River (QTR). QTR, the largest water system in Zhejiang Province, China, is significantly influenced by human activities. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of 10 types of PPCPs in both surface water and sediment within QTR. The findings revealed that the concentrations of PPCPs detected in surface water ranged from 81.26 to 149.45 ng L-1 during the wet season (April) and from 98.66 to 198.55 ng L-1 during the dry season (September). Moreover, in the sediments, PPCP concentration ranged from 63.24 to 80.66 and 72.54 to 75.06 ng per g dw during both wet and dry seasons, respectively. Among the selected PPCPs, triclosan (TCS) exhibited the highest concentration across, different phases and seasons, followed by benzotriazole in surface water. The analysis of sediment-water equilibrium distribution indicated that the diffusion tendency of PPCPs was closely correlated with their molecular weights. Particularly, TCS exhibited dynamic equilibrium between water and sediment. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model results indicated similar pollution sources for the detected PPCPs. The dominant sources of the detected PPCPs were identified as wastewater of electroplating enterprises, discharge from wastewater treatment plants, and domestic sewage. The ecological risk assessment based on the risk quotient method revealed that TCS with the highest detected concentration posed a high risk in surface water and a low risk in sediment across all sampling sites. However, other detected PPCPs showed either no or low risks. Additionally, PPCPs showed a higher ecological risk during the dry season than during the wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Ziming Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Kaiping Xu
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Pengcheng Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Aiju You
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310008, China.
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2
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Wang B, Xu Z, Dong B. Occurrence, fate, and ecological risk of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants in China: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133925. [PMID: 38432096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, and ecological risk associated with six major categories of antibiotics found in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China. Further exploration includes examining the correlation between antibiotic residual rates in the effluents and process parameters of urban WWTPs across the country. Lastly, a nationwide and urban cluster-specific evaluation of the ecological risk posed by antibiotics in WWTPs is conducted. The findings reveal that the average concentrations of antibiotics in influent, effluent, and sludge from urban WWTPs in China are 786.2 ng/L, 311.2 ng/L, and 186.8 μg/kg, respectively. Among the detected antibiotics, 42% exhibit moderate to high ecological risk in the effluent, with ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, azithromycin, and tetracycline posing moderate to high ecological risks in sludge. The current biological treatment processes in WWTPs demonstrate inefficacy in removing antibiotics. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop and integrate innovative technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes. This review aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding and identify priority antibiotics for control to effectively manage antibiotic pollution within WWTPs at both national and regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Parkins MD, Lee BE, Acosta N, Bautista M, Hubert CRJ, Hrudey SE, Frankowski K, Pang XL. Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0010322. [PMID: 38095438 PMCID: PMC10938902 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential of this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical disease within monitored populations but also, in fact, it functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across the globe rapidly innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected from diverse sewersheds ranging from wastewater treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods and high-risk buildings such as long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction and concentration from the highly dilute wastewater matrix. Molecular and genomic tools to identify, quantify, and characterize SARS-CoV-2 and its various variants were adapted from clinical programs and applied to these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing tools allowed this information to be mobilized and made immediately available to public health and government decision-makers and even the public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local disease dynamics. WBS has since been recognized as a tool of transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, and inclusive data on the changing prevalence of measured analytes across space and time in populations. However, as a consequence of rapid innovation from hundreds of teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists in the SARS-CoV-2 WBS literature. This manuscript provides a state-of-the-art review of WBS as established with SARS-CoV-2 and details the current work underway expanding its scope to other infectious disease targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Parkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bonita E. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Acosta
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Casey R. J. Hubert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve E. Hrudey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Frankowski
- Advancing Canadian Water Assets, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiao-Li Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Health Laboratory, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Alharbi OA, Jarvis E, Galani A, Thomaidis NS, Nika MC, Chapman DV. Assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in Riyadh wastewater treatment plants, Saudi Arabia: Mass loadings, seasonal variations, removal efficiency and environmental risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163284. [PMID: 37031940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in pharmaceutical emissions worldwide, studies of environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals arising from wastewater discharges in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study examined occurrence, mass loads and removal efficiency for 15 pharmaceuticals and one metabolite (oxypurinol) from different therapeutic classes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 samples were collected from the influents and effluents between March 2018 and July 2019 and analyzed using Solid Phase Extraction followed by triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. The average concentrations in the influents and effluents were generally higher than their corresponding concentrations found either in previous Saudi Arabian or global studies. The four most dominant compounds in the influent were acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, caffeine, and diclofenac, with caffeine and acetaminophen having the highest concentrations ranging between 943 and 2282 μg/L. Metformin and ciprofloxacin were the most frequently detected compounds in the effluents at concentrations as high as 33.2 μg/L. Ciprofloxacin had the highest mass load in the effluents of all three WWTPs, ranging between 0.20 and 20.7 mg/day/1000 inhabitants for different WWTPs. The overall average removal efficiency was estimated high (≥80), with no significant different (p > 0.05) between the treatment technology applied. Acetaminophen and caffeine were almost completely eliminated in all three WWTPs. The samples collected in the cold season generally had higher levels of detected compounds than those from the warm seasons, particularly for NSAID and antibiotic compounds. The estimated environmental risk from pharmaceutical compounds in the studied effluents was mostly low, except for antibiotic compounds. Thus, antibiotics should be considered for future monitoring programmes of the aquatic environment in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid A Alharbi
- Water Management & Treatment Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Edward Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah V Chapman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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5
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Lyu Y, Xu X, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Hu J, Chen Q, Sun W. Antibiotic profiles and their relationships with multitrophic aquatic communities in an urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161678. [PMID: 36682555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have garnered worldwide attention due to their omnipresence and detrimental effects on aquatic organisms, yet their potential relationships with multitrophic aquatic communities in natural rivers remain largely unknown. Here, we examined 107 antibiotics in water and sediment from an urban river in Chengdu, Sichuan province (China). The bacterial, algal, macroinvertebrates, and fish communities were synchronously measured based on the environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach, and their relationships with antibiotics were further investigated. The results showed that the total antibiotic concentrations ranged from 1.12 to 377 ng/L and from 7.95 to 145 ng/g in water and sediment, respectively. Significant seasonal variations in the concentrations and compositions of antibiotics in water were observed. eDNA metabarcoding revealed great compositional variations of bacterial, algal, macroinvertebrates, and fish communities along the river, and antibiotics had significant negative relationships with the community diversities of aquatic organisms (p < 0.05) except for fish. Meanwhile, significant negative correlations were observed between antibiotic concentrations and the relative abundances of essential metabolism pathways of bacteria, e.g., energy metabolism (p < 0.05), carbohydrate metabolism (p < 0.05), and lipid metabolism (p < 0.01). Moreover, antibiotics demonstrated greater effects on the function of bacterial community compared with environmental variables. The findings highlight the significance of eDNA metabarcoding approach in revealing the relationships between aquatic communities and antibiotics, and call for further studies on the effects of antibiotics on multitrophic aquatic communities in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Lyu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuming Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yibin Yuan
- College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhaoli Wang
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jingrun Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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Badiger SM, Nidheesh PV. Applications of biochar in sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1329-1348. [PMID: 37001152 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biochar (BC) has been increasingly used as a catalyst for the degradation of 'emerging pollutants' (EPs). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which come under 'EPs', can be harmful to the aquatic ecosystem despite being present in very low concentrations (ng/L-μg/L). Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which produce sulfate radical (SR-AOPs), show a great potential to degrade PPCPs effectively from wastewater. It is mainly due to the higher stability, long half-lives and better non-selectivity of SO4• - compared with AOPs with •OH generation. Furthermore, research focus is now given on AOPs coupled with BC-supported catalyst to enhance the degradation of PPCPs because of quicker generation of radicals (•OH, SO4•-) by the activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS). This article sheds light on the catalytic ability of BC after its physical and chemical modifications such as acid/alkali treatment and metal doping. The role of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in the BC for effective removal of PPCPs has been elaborated. Its potential applications in synthetic as well as real wastewater have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh M Badiger
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India E-mail: ; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Torres T, Barros S, Neuparth T, Ruivo R, Santos MM. Using zebrafish embryo bioassays to identify chemicals modulating the regulation of the epigenome: a case study with simvastatin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22913-22928. [PMID: 36307569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern have been increasingly associated with the modulation of the epigenome, leading to potentially inherited and persistent impacts on apical endpoints. Here, we address the performance of the OECD Test No. 236 FET (fish embryo acute toxicity) in the identification of chemicals able to modulate the epigenome. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, acute and chronic exposures were performed with the pharmaceutical, simvastatin (SIM), a widely prescribed hypocholesterolemic drug reported to induce inter and transgenerational effects. In the present study, the epigenetic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of SIM (from 8 ng/L to 2000 ng/L) were addressed following (1) an acute embryo assay based on OECD Test No. 236 FET, (2) a chronic partial life-cycle exposure using adult zebrafish (90 days), and (3) F1 embryos obtained from parental exposed animals. Simvastatin induced significant effects in gene expression of key epigenetic biomarkers (DNA methylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation) in the gonads of exposed adult zebrafish and in 80 hpf zebrafish embryos (acute and chronic parental intergenerational exposure), albeit with distinct effect profiles between biological samples. In the chronic exposure, SIM impacted particularly DNA methyltransferase genes in males and female gonads, whereas in F1 embryos SIM affected mostly genes associated with histone acetylation/deacetylation. In the embryo acute direct exposure, SIM modulated the expression of both genes involved in DNA methylation and histone deacetylase. These findings further support the use of epigenetic biomarkers in zebrafish embryos in a high throughput approach to identify and prioritize epigenome-modulating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Torres
- Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, S/N, Portugal
- FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Barros
- Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, S/N, Portugal
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Quinta de Prados, Ed. Blocos Laboratoriais C1.10, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, S/N, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, S/N, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, S/N, Portugal.
- FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Li J, Campos LC, Zhang L, Xie W. Sand and sand-GAC filtration technologies in removing PPCPs: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157680. [PMID: 35907530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the risks that pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments posed to humans and the environment. In recent years, sand filtration has been used to potentially remove these emerging contaminants from water. However, there has been no review of the effectiveness of this technology to date. This paper presents a brief introduction of sand filtration types, reviews the current progress in PPCPs removal through sand filtration, and discusses the mechanisms behind this process and the combination of granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand as an enhanced sand-GAC filtration technology. Sand filtration achieves a reasonable but highly variable degree of PPCPs removal. Biodegradation and adsorption are the two main mechanisms of PPCPs removal, in particular the biodegradation since adsorption capacity of sand is relatively low. Other processes, such as bio-sorption and indirect adsorption, may also contribute to PPCPs removal. To compensate for the inadequate PPCPs removal through sand filtration, porous GAC has been combined with sand to develop sand-GAC filtration technologies. Serial, dual, and sandwich filters have been investigated, and significant removal enhancement has been observed, due to the strengthened adsorption capacity, suggesting the applicability of these variants. Future research focus, such as investigating the influence of different operational conditions on sand filter performance, obtaining a deeper understanding of the various removal mechanisms, and investigating of long-term performance of the filter used for PPCPs removal, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linyang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
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9
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Arsene C, Bejan IG, Roman C, Olariu RI, Minella M, Passananti M, Carena L, Vione D. Evaluation of the Environmental Fate of a Semivolatile Transformation Product of Ibuprofen Based on a Simple Two-Media Fate Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15650-15660. [PMID: 36240489 PMCID: PMC9670848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning between surface waters and the atmosphere is an important process, influencing the fate and transport of semi-volatile contaminants. In this work, a simple methodology that combines experimental data and modeling was used to investigate the degradation of a semi-volatile pollutant in a two-phase system (surface water + atmosphere). 4-Isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) was chosen as a model contaminant; IBAP is a toxic transformation product of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. Here, we show that the atmospheric behavior of IBAP would mainly be characterized by reaction with •OH radicals, while degradation initiated by •NO3 or direct photolysis would be negligible. The present study underlines that the gas-phase reactivity of IBAP with •OH is faster, compared to the likely kinetics of volatilization from aqueous systems. Therefore, it might prove very difficult to detect gas-phase IBAP. Nevertheless, up to 60% of IBAP occurring in a deep and dissolved organic carbon-rich water body might be eliminated via volatilization and subsequent reaction with gas-phase •OH. The present study suggests that the gas-phase chemistry of semi-volatile organic compounds which, like IBAP, initially occur in natural water bodies in contact with the atmosphere is potentially very important in some environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arsene
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Iustinian G. Bejan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Roman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo I. Olariu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Passananti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Carena
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
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10
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Hsu SY, Bayati M, Li C, Hsieh HY, Belenchia A, Klutts J, Zemmer SA, Reynolds M, Semkiw E, Johnson HY, Foley T, Wieberg CG, Wenzel J, Johnson MC, Lin CH. Biomarkers selection for population normalization in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118985. [PMID: 36030667 PMCID: PMC9376872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been one of the most cost-effective approaches to track the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) levels in the communities since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by the population biomarkers in wastewater is critical for interpreting the viral loads, comparing the epidemiological trends among the sewersheds, and identifying the vulnerable communities. In this study, five population biomarkers, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF) and its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) were investigated and validated for their utility in normalizing the SARS-CoV-2 loads through two normalizing approaches using the data from 64 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Missouri. Their utility in assessing the real-time population contributing to the wastewater was also evaluated. The best performing candidate was further tested for its capacity for improving correlation between normalized SARS-CoV-2 loads and the clinical cases reported in the City of Columbia, Missouri, a university town with a constantly fluctuating population. Our results showed that, except CRE, the direct and indirect normalization approaches using biomarkers allow accounting for the changes in wastewater dilution and differences in relative human waste input over time regardless flow volume and population of the given WWTP. Among selected biomarkers, PARA is the most reliable population biomarker in determining the SARS-CoV-2 load per capita due to its high accuracy, low variability, and high temporal consistency to reflect the change in population dynamics and dilution in wastewater. It also demonstrated its excellent utility for real-time assessment of the population contributing to the wastewater. In addition, the viral loads normalized by the PARA-estimated population significantly improved the correlation (rho=0.5878, p < 0.05) between SARS-CoV-2 load per capita and case numbers per capita. This chemical biomarker complements the current normalization scheme recommended by CDC and helps us understand the size, distribution, and dynamics of local populations for forecasting the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 within each sewershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Hsu
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Mohamed Bayati
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Hsin-Yeh Hsieh
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Klutts
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Sally A Zemmer
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Reynolds
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Semkiw
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Hwei-Yiing Johnson
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Trevor Foley
- Missouri Department of Corrections, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Chris G Wieberg
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Jeff Wenzel
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Marc C Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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11
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Pompei CME, Campos LC, Vieira EM, Tucci A. The impact of micropollutants on native algae and cyanobacteria communities in ecological filters during drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153401. [PMID: 35114242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An attractive alternative for drinking water production is ecological filtration. Previous studies have reported high removal levels of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by this technology. Algae and cyanobacteria play an important role in the biological activity of ecological filters. The aim of this study was to characterize and identify the community of algae and cyanobacteria in relation to its composition, density and biovolume from 22 ecological filters that received spikings of 2 μg L-1 PPCPs. For algae and cyanobacteria species, triplicate samples were collected before and 96 h after each spiking from the interface between the top sand layer of the ecological filters and the supernatant water. Results show that Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria were present in high numbers of taxa and abundance. The specie Lepocinclis cf. ovum (Euglenophyceae) had the highest percentage occurrence/abundance and frequency into the filters, indicating a possible tolerance by Lepocinclis cf. ovum to the concentration of selected PPCPs. Although the concentration of PPCPs did not affect the treated water quality, they did affect the algae and cyanobacteria community. No differences were detected between filters that received a single PPCP and filters that received a mixture of the six compounds. Also, changes in the composition of algae and cyanobacteria communities were observed before and 96 h after the spikings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Erba Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering Bauru, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Tucci
- Nucleus of Phycology, Institute of Botany, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Zhang Y, Rashid A, Guo S, Jing Y, Zeng Q, Li Y, Adyari B, Yang J, Tang L, Yu CP, Sun Q. Spatial autocorrelation and temporal variation of contaminants of emerging concern in a typical urbanizing river. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118120. [PMID: 35114530 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and fate of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) was studied in relation to hydrological conditions, land use characteristics, and spatial contiguity in Houxi River. Thirty-four CECs were detected in the surface water during a three-year sampling campaign. Caffeine was most prevalent (99% frequency), while bisphenol A had the highest median concentration (78.2 ng/L) among the detected CECs. Caffeine and the other prevalent CECs lincomycin and bisphenol A, with median concentrations of 3.89 ng/L, 0.26 ng/L, and 78.2 ng/L, respectively, were positively correlated with land use types related to anthropogenic activities (grass, barren, built up, and cropland areas and landscape indexes for human activities). The analysis of similarities revealed significant annual variations, with increasing trends in both the concentrations and detection frequencies of CECs. Spatial variations were demonstrated by higher concentrations and detection frequencies downstream compared to upstream. The singular value decomposition analysis revealed that the downstream sites were the major contributors (55.6%-100%) to the spatial variability of most CECs. Moran's I analysis based on downstream contiguity indicated strong spatial autocorrelation among the connected sites for most CECs. This was further supported by longer correlation lengths for 18 CECs than the average distance between the sampling sites. The spatial autocorrelation can be attributed to the physicochemical properties of CECs and local hydrological dynamics, including temperature, wind speed, and sunshine hours. For most CECs, local contribution predominated over neighbor influence with an average value of 75.5%. The results of this study provide new insight to evaluate CEC distributions, which will be beneficial to policymakers for the management and prioritization of CEC contaminants in the Houxi watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuanchun Jing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaoting Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bob Adyari
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Pertamina University, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Jun Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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13
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Hsu SY, Bayati MB, Li C, Hsieh HY, Belenchia A, Klutts J, Zemmer SA, Reynolds M, Semkiw E, Johnson HY, Foley T, Wieberg CG, Wenzel J, Johnson MC, Lin CH. Biomarkers Selection for Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-based Epidemiology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.03.14.22272359. [PMID: 35313587 PMCID: PMC8936110 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.14.22272359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been one of the most cost-effective approaches to track the SARS-CoV-2 levels in the communities since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 concentrations by the population biomarkers in wastewater can be critical for interpreting the viral loads, comparing the epidemiological trends among the sewersheds, and identifying the vulnerable communities. In this study, five population biomarkers, pepper mild mottle virus (pMMoV), creatinine (CRE), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), caffeine (CAF) and its metabolite paraxanthine (PARA) were investigated for their utility in normalizing the SARS-CoV-2 loads through developed direct and indirect approaches. Their utility in assessing the real-time population contributing to the wastewater was also evaluated. The best performed candidate was further tested for its capacity for improving correlation between normalized SARS-CoV-2 loads and the clinical cases reported in the City of Columbia, Missouri, a university town with a constantly fluctuated population. Our results showed that, except CRE, the direct and indirect normalization approaches using biomarkers allow accounting for the changes in wastewater dilution and differences in relative human waste input over time regardless flow volume and population at any given WWTP. Among selected biomarkers, PARA is the most reliable population biomarker in determining the SARS-CoV-2 load per capita due to its high accuracy, low variability, and high temporal consistency to reflect the change in population dynamics and dilution in wastewater. It also demonstrated its excellent utility for real-time assessment of the population contributing to the wastewater. In addition, the viral loads normalized by the PARA-estimated population significantly improved the correlation ( rho =0.5878, p <0.05) between SARS-CoV-2 load per capita and case numbers per capita. This chemical biomarker offers an excellent alternative to the currently CDC-recommended pMMoV genetic biomarker to help us understand the size, distribution, and dynamics of local populations for forecasting the prevalence of SARS-CoV2 within each sewershed. HIGHLIGHT bullet points The paraxanthine (PARA), the metabolite of the caffeine, is a more reliable population biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology studies than the currently recommended pMMoV genetic marker.SARS-CoV-2 load per capita could be directly normalized using the regression functions derived from correlation between paraxanthine and population without flowrate and population data.Normalizing SARS-CoV-2 levels with the chemical marker PARA significantly improved the correlation between viral loads per capita and case numbers per capita.The chemical marker PARA demonstrated its excellent utility for real-time assessment of the population contributing to the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Hsu
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Mohamed B Bayati
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Hsin-Yeh Hsieh
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Klutts
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Sally A Zemmer
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Reynolds
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Semkiw
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Hwei-Yiing Johnson
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Trevor Foley
- Missouri Department of Corrections, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Chris G Wieberg
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Jeff Wenzel
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Marc C Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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14
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Yao B, Yang J, Zhi D. Current progress in electrochemical anodic-oxidation of pharmaceuticals: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and new technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126313. [PMID: 34329033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various pharmaceuticals have been detected in natural water and wastewater bodies, causing threats to water ecosystem and human health. Although electrochemical anodic-oxidation (EAO) has been shown to be efficient for pharmaceuticals degradation from aqueous solution, it still has a distinct need to apply EAO technology for pharmaceuticals removal rationally. This review provides the most recent progress on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and new technique of EAO for pharmaceuticals degradation. The mechanism and superiority of EAO were analyzed. Major influencing factors (e.g., electrode materials, electrochemical reactor, applied current density, anode-cathode distance, electrolyte type and concentration, initial solution pH value, and initial pharmaceuticals concentration) were discussed on the removal of pharmaceuticals. The latest development of reactive electrochemical membranes (REM) was regarded as an emerging EAO technique, and it was also highlighted. This work revealed that the EAO of pharmaceuticals has extraordinary application prospects in the field of water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dan Zhi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Chen Y, Tian H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Li R, Chen C, Huang Y. l-Cysteine directing synthesis of BiOBr nanosheets for efficient cefazolin photodegradation: The pivotal role of thiol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125544. [PMID: 33676252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cefazolin (CFZ) is widely present in the wastewater treatment effluents and in receiving waters and has caused severe impacts to the ecosystem. CFZ degradation by photocatalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its eco-friendly features. Herein, we presented a green synthesis strategy for a highly active BiOBr photocatalyst for CFZ removal with L-cysteine as a directing agent, and the role of thiol in cysteine for facets control and morphology regulation was discussed. We found that the photoactivity of cysteine-induced BiOBr nanosheet was much higher than those prepared by using arginine and glycine as directing agent. Further experiments showed that the cysteine preferentially coordinated Bi3+ with thiol rather than carboxyl. The strong interactions of thiol group with the external surface of the BiOBr crystals stabilize the small crystals that have high surface energy without the cysteine. Such a chemical environment favors forming BiOBr crystalline with small size of high surface area and oriented growth in [110] direction, which facilitates the photogenerated electron-hole separation to achieve significantly promoted photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the cysteine-directed BiOBr nanosheets displayed good photoreactivity to more pollutants (i.e. rhodamine B, cefradine and cefoperazone sodium) and excellent reusability as verified via seven consecutive recycle experiments. The proper photocatalyst dosage (0.4 g/L), relatively acidic water environment (pH 3.4) and high temperature (35 °C) would be beneficial to CFZ photodegrdation by BiOBr. Also, the CFZ photodegradation mechanism and degradation pathway were also proposed by combining radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) test with LC-MS analysis in the photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxue Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China.
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16
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Liu S, Wang C, Wang P, Chen J, Wang X, Yuan Q. Anthropogenic disturbances on distribution and sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products throughout the Jinsha River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110449. [PMID: 33217435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are recognized as a group of emerging contaminants closely related to anthropogenic activities, which capture increasing attention worldwide. To evaluate the anthropogenic disturbances on PPCP distribution and sources, this study investigated the distribution and sources of 50 PPCPs along the 2300 km long Jinsha River and revealed different anthropogenic disturbances on PPCPs. Results showed that 40 out of the 50 PPCPs were ubiquitously detected among these river water samples, with the concentrations varied from less than 1 ng/L to more than 500 ng/L. Although most PPCPs concentrations were much lower in the Jinsha River than in highly developed rivers, the prevalence of PPCPs suggested the widespread use and improper disposal of PPCPs in the Jinsha River. The risk assessment also revealed that some PPCPs posed risks to aquatic organisms in the Jinsha River. Anthropogenic activities including human habitation and dam construction had different influence on PPCPs. PPCP distribution varied significantly across the "Hu Huanyong line", indicating human habitation significantly influenced PPCP distribution. Dam construction was insignificant in altering PPCP distribution throughout the Jinsha River. Moreover, the land use index indicated degradation level of multiple lands related to anthropogenic activities and represented the major sources of PPCPs in the Jinsha River. Most PPCPs were correlated with anthropogenic lands, for example, antibiotics, analgesics, and endocrine disrupting chemicals mainly originated from artificial surfaces, whereas other PPCPs mainly originated from cultivated lands. Together, this study indicates the disturbances of multiple anthropogenic activities on PPCP distribution and sources along the Jinsha River, which contributes to PPCP management in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qiusheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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17
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Torres T, Ruivo R, Santos MM. Epigenetic biomarkers as tools for chemical hazard assessment: Gene expression profiling using the model Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144830. [PMID: 33592472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports raise the concern that exposure to several environmental chemicals may induce persistent changes that go beyond the exposed organisms, being transferred to subsequent generations even in the absence of the original chemical insult. These changes in subsequent non-exposed generations have been related to epigenetic changes. Although highly relevant for hazard and risk assessment, biomarkers of epigenetic modifications that can be associated with adversity, are still not integrated into hazard assessment frameworks. Here, in order to validate new biomarkers of epigenetic modifications in a popular animal model, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of Bisphenol A (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L) and Valproic Acid (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 mg/L), two chemicals reported to alter the modulation of the epigenome. Morphological abnormalities and epigenetic changes were assessed at 80 hours-post fertilization, including DNA global methylation and gene expression of both DNA and histone epigenetic modifications. Gene expression changes were detected at concentrations below those inducing morphological abnormalities. These results further support the importance of combining epigenetic biomarkers with apical endpoints to improve guidelines for chemical testing and hazard assessment, and favour the integration of new biomarkers of epigenetic modifications into the standardized OECD test guideline 236 with zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Torres
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Group of Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Different Matrices: Occurrence, Pathways, and Treatment Processes. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The procedures for analyzing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are typically tedious and expensive and thus, it is necessary to synthesize all available information from previously conducted research. An extensive collection of PPCP data from the published literature was compiled to determine the occurrence, pathways, and the effectiveness of current treatment technologies for the removal of PPCPs in water and wastewater. Approximately 90% of the compiled published papers originated from Asia, Europe, and the North American regions. The incomplete removal of PPCPs in different water and wastewater treatment processes was widely reported, thus resulting in the occurrence of PPCP compounds in various environmental compartments. Caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, triclosan, and triclocarban were among the most commonly reported compounds detected in water and solid matrices. Trace concentrations of PPCPs were also detected on plants and animal tissues, indicating the bioaccumulative properties of some PPCP compounds. A significant lack of studies regarding the presence of PPCPs in animal and plant samples was identified in the review. Furthermore, there were still knowledge gaps on the ecotoxicity, sub-lethal effects, and effective treatment processes for PPCPs. The knowledge gaps identified in this study can be used to devise a more effective research paradigm and guidelines for PPCP management.
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Xiang Y, Wu H, Li L, Ren M, Qie H, Lin A. A review of distribution and risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112044. [PMID: 33601171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive use and pseudo-persistence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), they are frequently detected in the aqueous environment, which has attracted global attention. In this paper, accumulation data of 81 PPCPs in surface water or sediment in China were reported. In addition, 20 kinds of PPCPs with high frequency were selected and their ecological risk assessment was conducted by risk quotient (RQs). The results indicated that the concentration detected in surface water and sediment ranged from ng/L (ng/kg) to μg/L (μg/kg) in China, which was similar to concentrations reported globally. However, contamination by certain PPCPs, such as caffeine, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin, was relatively high with a maximum concentration of more than 2000 ng/L in surface water. RQs revealed that 14 kinds of PPCPs pose no significant risk or low risk to aquatic organisms, while 6 kinds of PPCPs pose a high risk. Additionally, the pollution characteristics of PPCPs in each watershed are different. The Haihe River watershed and the central and lower Yangtze River were the regions of high concern for erythromycin. Triclosan has potential risks in the Pearl River watershed. This study determined the occurrence and risk of PPCPs in China in the past decade, providing a scientific basis for PPCPs pollution control and risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huihui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Meng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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20
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Zheng CL, Ruan T, Shun Chan FK, Bao P, Li G, Xu YY. Statistical approach reveals tidal effect on the antibiotics and environmental relationship with the case study of Yongjiang Estuary, China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 164:105244. [PMID: 33450671 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We used statistical approach by coupling redundancy analysis with linear regression analysis, which is useful to understand potential sources of antibiotics in the tide rising and ebbing of surface water in the Yongjiang Estuary, China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 29 antibiotics at five sites over four seasons and 13 environmental parameters during the tide rising and ebbing durations. The results found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity, temperature and chlorophyll a (Chla) were the main factors to impact antibiotics. The concentrations of macrolides were increasing with DOC, suggesting DOC may influence the adsorption capacity of antibiotics. The concentrations of tetracyclines had significant correlation with temperature and Chla during the tide rising period. This study demonstrated a method of exploring the relationship between the concentrations of antibiotics and environmental parameters, which is beneficial to future antibiotics research in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Urban Environment Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Urban Environment Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Faith Ka Shun Chan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China; School of Geography and Water@Leeds Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Urban Environment Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Urban Environment Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Urban Environment Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang C, Zhao Y, Liu S, Xiao Q, Liang W, Song Y. Contamination, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the urban surface water of the Pearl River in Guangzhou, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:98. [PMID: 33511434 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impact of antibiotic pollution to the ecosystem in urban water, the occurrence, seasonal, and spatial distributions, potential sources, and ecological risks of 18 targeted antibiotics in urban river, Pearl River located in Guangzhou city, were investigated. Surface water samples were sampled from 24 sites in Guangzhou center of Pearl River during dry and wet seasons. The results indicated that the concentrations of antibiotic residues were at the nanogram per liter level, except sulfamethazine (SMD) (μg/L). Sulfonamides (SAs) were the dominant antibiotics, contributing 60.4-65.0% to the total antibiotics. The concentrations of SAs, fluoroquinolones (QUs), macrolides (MLs), tetracyclines (TCs), and lincosamides (LCs) were higher in dry season than those in wet season at most sampling sites, which possibly resulted from the dilution effect of heavy rainfall. The concentrations of the antibiotic residues in Guangzhou were comparable or higher than other urban rivers. The calculation on risk quotients indicated that erythromycin-H2O (ETM-H2O) and tetracycline (TC) were of high risks. The source identification by the Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) method suggested that municipal wastewater treatment plants were primary sources of antibiotics. These results would provide important information for the environmental protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weixin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Monitoring of Water Pollution, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Joshua DI, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Prabhasankar VP, D'Souza AP, Yamashita N, Balakrishna K. First report of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in two tropical rivers of southwestern India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:529. [PMID: 32681316 PMCID: PMC7367900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, bezafibrate, ceftriaxone, and naproxen) in two west-flowing tropical rivers (Swarna and Nethravati) of southwestern India is reported for the first time. Water samples were collected during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons from river water end members and further downstream up to their confluence with the adjacent Arabian Sea. Samples were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Results revealed that there were no significant seasonal variations in concentrations of target analytes in both the rivers. Of the total number of samples analyzed (n = 24), trimethoprim was detected in 100% of the samples, whereas sulfamethoxazole (SMX), chloramphenicol (CAP), ceftriaxone (CTX), and naproxen (NPX) were detected in between 91 and 58% of the samples. Bezafibrate (BZF) was not detected in the samples. Nethravathi river showed higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals than the Swarna river which may be attributed to comparatively larger human population in the basin. Possible impacts of PPCPs on aquatic life offer further scope for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ian Joshua
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Andrea Petula D'Souza
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nobuyoshi Yamashita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Keshava Balakrishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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23
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Chen WL, Ling YS, Lee DJH, Lin XQ, Chen ZY, Liao HT. Targeted profiling of chlorinated transformation products and the parent micropollutants in the aquatic environment: A comparison between two coastal cities. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125268. [PMID: 31896175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated chlorinated transformation products (TPs) and their parent micropollutants, aromatic pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the urban water bodies of two metropolitan cities. Nine PPCPs and 16 TPs were quantitatively or semi-quantitatively determined using isotope dilution techniques and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. TPs and most PPCPs were effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatments in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Chlorinated parabens and all PPCPs (at concentrations below 1000 ng/L) were present in the waters receiving treated wastewater. By contrast, the waters receiving untreated wastewater contained higher levels of PPCPs (up to 9400 ng/L) and more species of chlorinated TPs including chlorinated parabens, triclosan, diclofenac, and bisphenol A. The very different chemical profiles between the water bodies of the two cities of similar geographical and climatic properties may be attributed to their respective uses of chemicals and policies of wastewater management. No apparent increase in the number of species or abundances of TPs was observed in either the chlorinated wastewater or the seawater rich in halogens. This is the first study to elucidate and compare the profiles of multiple TPs and their parent PPCPs in the water bodies of coastal cities from tropical islands. Our findings suggest that chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A, diclofenac, triclosan, and parabens in the surface water originate from sources other than wastewater disinfection or marine chlorination. Although further studies are needed to identify the origins, conventional wastewater treatments may protect natural water bodies against contamination by those chlorinated substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Yee Soon Ling
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Nature Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Xiao-Qian Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Ying Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Tang Liao
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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24
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Lu GH, Piao HT, Gai N, Shao PW, Zheng Y, Jiao XC, Rao Z, Yang YL. Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Surface Waters from the Inner City of Beijing, China: Influence of Hospitals and Reclaimed Water Irrigation. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:255-264. [PMID: 30390119 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters from five districts in the inner city of Beijing were collected for analysis of 43 target compounds of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) to understand the spatial distribution patterns of different groups of PPCPs in the central urban area of a metropolitan city characterized by many hospitals and public parks. The total concentrations of PPCPs showed large spatial variability, ranging from 71.1 to 2400 ng/L. The x-ray contrast medium iopromide was the compound with the highest concentrations. Pharmaceuticals showed similar spatial distributional patterns with large hospitals. Positive correlations between iopromide and pharmaceuticals were observed. In contrast, in general there is no correlation between iopromide and personal care products. The concentrations of PPCPs in the landscape waters were not high but were characterized by high proportions of acidic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with low or even negative removal efficiencies in the WWTP in Beijing, suggesting that the reclaimed water irrigation can be another source of PPCPs in surface waters in the inner city of Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Piao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring (CIGEM), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Peng-Wei Shao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xing-Chun Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
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25
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Kleywegt S, Payne M, Ng F, Fletcher T. Environmental loadings of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from manufacturing facilities in Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:257-264. [PMID: 30055488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that cities with pharmaceutical manufacturers have elevated concentrations of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in their receiving water bodies. The purpose of this study was to gather information on direct sewer discharges of APIs during their manufacturing and processing from five pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Ontario, Canada. Drug classes and maximum reported concentrations (ng/L) for which APIs were directly discharged included: antidepressants (paroxetine - 3380 and sertraline - 5100); mood stabilizer (carbamazepine - 575,000); antibiotics (penicillin - 14,300); analgesics (acetaminophen - 461,000; codeine - 49,200; ibuprofen - 344,000; naproxen - 253,000 and oxycodone 21,000); cardiovascular drugs (atorvastatin - 893 and metoprolol - 7,333,600) and those drugs used for blood pressure control (amlodipine - 22,900; diltiazem - 1,160,000; furosemide - 1,200,000 and verapamil - 7340). Based on flow and water usage data from the individual facilities, the maximum concentrations for acetaminophen, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, diltiazem and metoprolol correlate to approximately 200, 220, 390, 420 and 14,200 g respectively, of lost product being directly discharged to the sewers daily during active manufacturing. This survey demonstrates that direct point source discharges from pharmaceutical manufacturers represent a key source of pharmaceutical pollution to receiving sewersheds. Onsite recovery of product or treatment at pharmaceutical manufacturing or processing facilities to reduce the sewage loadings to receiving treatment plants, product loss and potential environmental loadings is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kleywegt
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark Payne
- Environmental Services, The Regional Municipality of York, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - Fai Ng
- Environmental Services, The Regional Municipality of York, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Fletcher
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, ON, Canada
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26
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Yu X, Zhang M, Zuo J, Shi X, Tang X, Chen L, Li Z. Evaluation of antibiotic resistant lactose fermentative opportunistic pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and bla TEM-2 gene in cephalosporin wastewater and its discharge receiving river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 228:458-465. [PMID: 30245270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration of cephalosporin, the resistant levels of lactose fermentative opportunistic pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria (LFOPEB) against seven antibiotics and one cephalosporin-resistant gene in cephalosporin wastewater (CPWW) treatment plant and its discharge receiving river. Although large numbers of bacteria have been removed during the CPWW treatment process, the antibiotic resistant rates of the isolates to β-lactam antibiotics significantly increased (p = 0.032) after treatment, while the percentage of resistant LFOPEB to non-β-lactam antibiotics did not change dramatically. Furthermore, the discharge of the effluent of CPWW treatment plant (CPWWeff) led to an obvious increase in the percentages of β-lactam antibiotic-resistant LFOPEB and relative abundance of the blaTEM-2 gene in the downstream receiving river (RWdown) in comparison with those in the upstream receiving river (RWup). The antibiotic resistant phenotypes of isolates in the influent of CPWW treatment plant (CPWWin), CPWWeff and RWdown appeared to be seriously affected by the cephalosporin residues, which suggested that main antibiotic resistance phenotypes in antibiotic contaminated water were closely associated with its antibiotic composition. Therefore, CPWW treatment process has been proved to result in selective growth of ARB and proliferation of ARG. Besides, CPWWeff was also proved to be an important supplier of ARB and ARG to the receiving river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute CO.LTD, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xuchuan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyao Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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27
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Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Taihu Lake, China: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1640-1648. [PMID: 30346017 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rationale behind this paper was to review the available data regarding the current knowledge on the levels and trends of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Taihu Lake. The ecological risk associated with some of the PPCPs was also assessed. 36 PPCPs have been detected in the water, sediment and biota of Taihu Lake. These contaminants primarily emanate from anthropogenic activities in and around the lake. The northern part of the lake is highly polluted as compared to other parts because it receives most effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and domestic and industrial waste discharge from developed cities nearby. Based on the risk quotient (RQ) values, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, 17β-estradiol, roxithromycin and tetracycline may present a high ecological risk to organisms living in Taihu Lake. Regular monitoring is required to check the levels of PPCPs as they are regularly released into the lake. Investigations into the joint toxicities of PPCPs to aquatic organisms and the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in Taihu Lake are highly recommended. Special attention in terms of policy and research should be given to the northern part of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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28
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Ribeiro AR, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Cephalosporin antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A critical review of occurrence, fate, ecotoxicity and removal technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:1153-1166. [PMID: 30029325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment, human and veterinary cephalosporin antibiotics have been studied as water pollutants. In order to characterize environmental risks of this compound class, this review evaluates relevant data about physicochemical properties, occurrence, ecotoxicity and degradation of cephalosporins. Although application of cephalosporins is rather low compared to other antibiotics and their environmental life-time is believed to be short (i.e. days), the available data is insufficient to draw conclusions on their environmental relevance. Few studies concerning the fate of cephalosporins in soil are available, while hydrolysis and photo-degradation are suggested as the main attenuation processes in the aquatic environment. Cephalosporins have been detected in different aqueous matrices in concentrations ranging from 0.30 ng L-1 to 0.03 mg L-1, with sewage and wastewater being the main matrices with positive findings. For wastewater treatment purposes, several technologies have been tested for the abatement of cephalosporins, including photolysis and adsorption. In most cases, the technology employed led to complete or significant removal (>95%) of parental drugs but few authors reported on cephalosporins' metabolites and transformation products. Furthermore, the present ecotoxicological data are insufficient for comprehensive ecological risk quotient calculations. Considering the total of 53 cephalosporins, effective values (EC, LC, NOAEC, NOAEL, etc.) are only available for around 30% of parental drugs and are very scarce for cyanobacteria, which is considered to be the most sensitive group of organisms to antibiotics. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that cephalosporins' transformation products can be more toxic and more persistent than the parental drugs. Few investigations considering this possibility are available. Consequently, more effort on ecotoxicological data generation and verification of biological inactivation of cephalosporins-related products is needed. Likewise, the lack of natural depletion rates and knowledge gaps on mixture effects for cephalosporins' degradation and toxicity have to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson R Ribeiro
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 4514, Essen, Germany.
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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29
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Zhang P, Zhou H, Li K, Zhao X, Liu Q, Li D, Zhao G. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and their associated environmental risks in a large shallow lake in north China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1525-1539. [PMID: 29332148 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), consisting of five non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (N-APs), four sulfonamides (SAs), four tetracyclines (TCs), four macrolides (MCs), and one quinolone (QN) were detected in water, pore water, and sediment samples from Baiyangdian Lake, China. A total of 31 water samples and 29 sediment samples were collected in March 2017. Caffeine was detected with 100% frequency in surface water, pore water, and sediment samples. Carbamazepine was detected with 100% frequency in surface water and sediment samples. Five N-APs were prominent, with mean concentrations of 4.90-266.24 ng/l in surface water and 5.07-14.73 μg/kg in sediment samples. Four MCs were prominent, with mean concentrations of 0.97-29.92 ng/l in pore water samples. The total concentrations of the different classes of PPCPs followed the order: N-APs (53.26%) > MCs (25.39) > SAs (10.06%) > TCs (7.64%) > QNs (3.64%) in surface water; N-APs (42.70%) > MCs (25.43%) > TCs (14.69%) > SAs (13.90%) > QNs (3.24%) in sediment samples, and MCs (42.12%) > N-APs (34.80%) > SAs (11.71%) > TCs (7.48%) > QNs (3.88%) in pore water samples. The geographical differences of PPCP concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities. Sewage discharged from Baoding City and human activities around Baiyangdian Lake were the main sources of PPCPs in the lake. An environmental risk assessment for the upper quartile concentration was undertaken using calculated risk quotients and indicated a low or medium-high risk from 18 PPCPs in Baiyangdian Lake and its five upstream rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Zhang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun Li
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qiaona Liu
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Dongjiao Li
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Hu A, Rashid A, Ashfaq M, Wang Y, Wang H, Luo H, Yu CP, Sun Q. Monitoring, mass balance and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in seven wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen City, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:81-90. [PMID: 29729602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) was investigated in seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Xiamen City, China. Special emphasis was placed on their co-occurrence and the mass balances of both dissolved and adsorbed PPCPs in influent, effluent, and sludge samples. Results showed that PPCPs were widely detected and their co-occurrence was observed both in the wastewater and sludge that can be attributed to either their similar usage or similar physicochemical properties. These results further emphasize that some specific PPCPs have the potential as indicators or surrogate compounds to reduce the number of targeted PPCPs. The occurrence and distribution of PPCPs also showed strong spatial variations, as the PPCP mass loads per inhabitant were positively correlated with the urbanization levels. Both the removal efficiencies of dissolved PPCPs from the aqueous phase and mass loss proportion of the total PPCPs were evaluated and compared. Overall, a measured total amount of 8500 g PPCPs entered the seven WWTPs daily via influent with 6640 g in the dissolved form, while 3450 g left the WWTPs. The large mass loads of antibiotics in the sludge and effluents indicated their potential adverse effects to the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Yinhan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Houqiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on Fe 3 O 4 /graphene nanocomposites for enantioselective determination of representative profens in the environmental water samples and molecular docking study on adsorption mechanism of graphene. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Singh V, Pandey B, Suthar S. Phytotoxicity of amoxicillin to the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza: Growth, oxidative stress, biochemical traits and antibiotic degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018. [PMID: 29529576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing availability of antibiotics in wastewater has created a serious threat to non-target organisms in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of amoxicillin on duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza during a short-term exposure (7 d). The duckweed was exposed to a range of environmentally relevant (0.0001-0.01 mg L-1) and high (0.1 and 1 mg L-1) concentrations of amoxicillin. Subsequently, biomarkers of toxicity such as growth, pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids), antioxidative enzyme activity (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidases, APX), and biochemical content (protein, lipid and starch) were analysed in their fronds. The high dose (1 mg L-1) of amoxicillin caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in photopigments, protein, starch and lipid content and an increase in carotenoids/total Chl and Chl a/Chl b ratios in fronds of Spirodela polyrhiza. The results showed a shift in biomarkers: a decrease in frond growth and relative growth rate (RGR) (16.2-53.8%) and an increase in the activities (mmol mg protein-1) of CAT (0.021-0.041), APX (0.84-2.49) and SOD (0.12-0.23) in fronds. The significantly (p < 0.05) greater reduction in amoxicillin content in duckweed setups (84.6-100%) than in the control (62.1-73%) suggested that phytodegradation is an important mechanism in removing antibiotics from water, apart from hydrolysis and photodegradation, which occur in control setups. Overall, the results suggested a toxic effect of amoxicillin on Spirodela polyrhiza, even at low concentrations, and nonetheless, the duckweed contributed directly to the degradation of antibiotics in the water and throughout the phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawna Pandey
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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Li S, Shi W, Liu W, Li H, Zhang W, Hu J, Ke Y, Sun W, Ni J. A duodecennial national synthesis of antibiotics in China's major rivers and seas (2005-2016). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:906-917. [PMID: 29017132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 94 antibiotics in water and sediments from seven major rivers and four seas in China during 2005-2016 was reviewed. Twelve antibiotics were most frequently detected in both water and sediment samples, including 3 sulfonamides (SAs), 2 tetracyclines (TCs), 4 fluoroquinolones (FQs), and 3 macrolides (MLs). Their median concentrations were below 100ng/L and 100ng/g in river water and sediments, respectively. The highest median concentrations were found in water (1.30-176ng/L) and sediments (0.15-110ng/g) in the Hai River, due to its larger population density, higher consumption of antibiotics, and lower water flow. The concentrations of TCs and FQs were higher in the Pearl River sediments, due to their extensive use in aquaculture. The Yangtze River showed lower median concentrations of antibiotics in both water (1.33-17.3ng/L) and sediments (0.31-14.8ng/g), resulting from its larger catchment size, and higher precipitation and water flow. The Yellow River exhibited lower median concentrations of antibiotics in sediments (0.04-9.04ng/g), probably due to low organic matter content in sediments and high suspended particle content in water. Organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients (Koc) of antibiotics were positively correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of antibiotics, and the correlation for MLs with a macrocyclic lactone ring was different from that of SAs, FQs, and TCs, likely due to their much larger molecular size. Among China's major rivers, the Hai River had the highest ecotoxicological risk from antibiotics to algae, invertebrate, fish, and plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanzi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Environmental Science, and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Jingrun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanchu Ke
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Jinren Ni
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Zhang P, Zhou H, Li K, Zhao X, Liu Q, Li D, Zhao G, Wang L. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and their associated environmental risks in Guanting Reservoir and its upstream rivers in north China. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 35539549 PMCID: PMC9077785 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), consisting of five non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (N-APs), four sulfonamides (SAs), four tetracyclines (TCs), four macrolides (MCs), and one quinolone (QN) were detected in surface water and sediments from Guanting Reservoir (GTR) and its upstream rivers in north China. Acetaminophen, caffeine, chlorotetracycline, and ofloxacin were detected with 100% frequency in the surface water of GTR and its upstream rivers, while diltiazem was also detected with 100% frequency in surface water from the reservoir's upstream rivers. Acetaminophen and caffeine were detected with 100% frequency in sediments from GTR and its upstream rivers, while high concentrations of ofloxacin in GTR, and carbamazepine, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in upstream rivers were also detected in 100% of samples. Five N-APs, especially acetaminophen and caffeine, were prominent pollutants. The mean concentrations of acetaminophen were 155 and 302 ng L−1 in surface water and 529 and 202 ng g−1 in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The mean concentrations of caffeine were 208 and 338 ng L−1 in surface water samples and 1430 and 1020 ng g−1 in sediments from GTR and upstream rivers, respectively. The geographical differences in PPCP concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities. Sewage discharged from Zhangjiakou City and human activities around the GTR basin were the main sources of PPCPs in this area. An environmental risk assessment for the worst-case scenario was undertaken using calculated risk quotients, which indicated a medium risk from erythromycin in GTR and a high risk in its upstream rivers. Eighteen selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were detected in surface water and sediments from the Guanting Reservoir (GTR) and its upstream rivers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Qiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Dongjiao Li
- Department of Water Environment
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Water Environment
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Water Environment
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Beijing
- China
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Li J, Zhou Q, Campos LC. Removal of selected emerging PPCP compounds using greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) based lab-scale free water constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:252-261. [PMID: 28961493 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) based lab-scale free water constructed wetland (CW) was employed for removing four emerging pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (i.e. DEET, paracetamol, caffeine and triclosan). Orthogonal design was used to test the effect of light intensity, aeration, E.coli abundance and plant biomass on the target compounds. Synthetic wastewater contaminated with the target compounds at concentration of 25 μg/L was prepared, and both batch and continuous flow experiments were conducted. Up to 100% removals were achieved for paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and tricolsan (TCS) while the highest removal for DEET was 32.2% in batch tests. Based on orthogonal Duncan analysis, high light intensity (240 μmolmm-2s-1), full aeration, high plant biomass (1.00 kg/m2) and high E.coli abundance (1.0 × 106 CFU/100 mL) favoured elimination of the PPCPs. Batch verification test achieved removals of 17.1%, 98.8%, 96.4% and 95.4% for DEET, PAR, CAF and TCS respectively. Continuous flow tests with CW only and CW followed by stabilization tank (CW-ST) were carried out. Final removals of the PPCP contaminants were 32.6%, 97.7%, 98.0% and 100% for DEET, PAR, CAF and TCS, respectively, by CW system alone, while 43.3%, 97.5%, 98.2% and 100%, respectively, were achieved by CW-ST system. By adding the ST tank, PPCP concentrations decreased significantly faster (p < 0.05) compared with continuous flow CW alone. In addition, after removing aerators during continuous flow CW experiments, the treatment systems presented good stability for the PPCP removals. CW-ST showed better chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removals (89.3%, 91.2%, respectively) than CW only (79.4%, 85.2%, respectively). However, poor DEET removal (<50%) and high E.coli abundance (up to 1.7 log increase) in the final treated water indicated further treatment processes may be required. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) between PPCPs and water quality parameters (e.g. COD, nitrate, phosphate), and between the four PPCP compounds for the continuous flow CW and CW-ST systems. Positive results encourage further test of Greater duckweed at pilot scale CW using real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Qizhi Zhou
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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36
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Carbon nanotube-impeded transport of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Xiangjiang sediments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:229-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Balakrishna K, Rath A, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Guruge KS, Subedi B. A review of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Indian water bodies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:113-120. [PMID: 27915141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Little information exists on the occurrence and the ultimate fate of pharmaceuticals in the water bodies in India despite being one of the world leaders in pharmaceutical production and consumption. This paper has reviewed 19 published reports of pharmaceutical occurrence in the aquatic environment in India [conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WTPs), hospital WTPs, rivers, and groundwater]. Carbamazepine (antipsychoactive), atenolol (antihypertensive), triclocarban and triclosan (antimicrobials), trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (antibacterials), ibuprofen and acetaminophen (analgesics), and caffeine (stimulant) are the most commonly detected at higher concentrations in Indian WTPs that treat predominantly the domestic sewage. The concentration of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin in Indian WTPs were up to 40 times higher than that in other countries in Europe, Australia, Asia, and North America. A very few studies in Indian rivers reported the presence of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ketoprofen, erythromycin, naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and enrofloxacin. Similar compounds were reported in rivers in China, indicating a similar usage pattern in both of these developing countries. In a study reported from an open well in southern India, the groundwater showed the presence of cetirizine, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, citalopram and terbinafine, which was close to a WTP receiving effluents from pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Balakrishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Amlan Rath
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Keerthi Siri Guruge
- Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 859, Japan
| | - Bikram Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D Jones Hall, Murray, KY 42071, USA.
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38
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Pompei CME, Ciric L, Canales M, Karu K, Vieira EM, Campos LC. Influence of PPCPs on the performance of intermittently operated slow sand filters for household water purification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:174-185. [PMID: 28041695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from drinking water is usually enhanced by advanced oxidation which is not affordable in low income countries. Slow sand filtration has been found to be capable of removing anti-inflammatory compounds, and its low maintenance costs and easy operation make it an attractive technology for treating drinking water in many parts of the world. In addition, slow sand filters can be used at both large and household scales. The biofilm (i.e. schmutzdecke) developed on the top of the sand and within the upper layers of the sand is acknowledged to be responsible for the water purification. However, it is possible that the PPCPs may affect the schmutzdecke development and microbial community within the filters, and consequently the performance of the filter. This study investigated two household slow sand filters (for water purification) operated intermittently with and without contamination by six PPCPs. Eleven parameters were monitored in the affluent and effluent water, including bacterial species present and schmutzdecke biomass development. Results demonstrated that the household slow sand filter performance was not affected by the 2μgL-1 of PPCPs in the water. There was no significant difference between filters for total coliforms and E. coli removal, but there was considerable difference between sampling times. Biomass considerably increased with the number of filtrations in both filters and there was no significant difference between filter biomass. However, it was found that more bacterial species were present in the period with no contamination than during the contamination period. Bacillus anthracis and Exiguobacterium sp. showed to be resistant to the effects of the PPCPs. These suggest there are effects of PPCPs on bacterial species within the filter. However, the effect of the PPCPs on biomass was not conclusive in this study and needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M E Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 292, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lena Ciric
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Melisa Canales
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kersti Karu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eny M Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, Caixa Postal 780, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luiza C Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Cunha V, Burkhardt-Medicke K, Wellner P, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Luckenbach T, Ferreira M. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) related efflux transporter activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 136:14-23. [PMID: 27810576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, such as zebrafish Abcb4, are efflux pumps acting as a cellular defence against a wide range of different, potentially toxic chemical compounds thus mediating so called multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). Certain chemicals target MXR proteins and, as so called chemosensitisers, inhibit the activity of these proteins thus increasing the toxicity of other chemicals that would normally be effluxed. In this study 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that are being increasingly detected in aquatic systems, were assessed for interference with the MXR system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Concentration dependent effects of test compounds were recorded with the dye accumulation assay using zebrafish embryos and in ATPase assays with recombinant zebrafish Abcb4. In the dye accumulation assay embryos at 24h post fertilisation (hpf) were exposed to 8µm rhodamine 123 along with test compounds for 2h. The rhodamine 123 tissue levels upon the exposure served as a measure for MXR transporter efflux activity of the embryo (low rhodamine levels - high activity; high levels - low activity). The known ABC protein inhibitors MK571, vinblastine and verapamil served as positive controls. All tested PPCPs affected rhodamine 123 accumulation in embryos. For seven compounds rhodamine tissue levels were either both decreased and increased depending on the compound concentration indicating both stimulation and inhibition of rhodamine 123 efflux by those compounds, only increased (inhibition, six compounds) or only decreased (stimulation, one compound). Recombinant zebrafish Abcb4 was obtained with the baculovirus expression system and PPCPs were tested for stimulation/inhibition of basal transporter ATPase activity and for inhibition of the transporter ATPase activity stimulated with verapamil. Eight of the tested PPCPs showed effects on Abcb4 ATPase activity indicating that their effects in the dye accumulation assay may have indeed resulted from interference with Abcb4-mediated rhodamine 123 efflux. Slight stimulatory effects were found for musk xylene, nerol, isoeugenol, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde and simvastatin indicating Abcb4 substrate/competitive inhibitor properties of those compounds. Likewise, decreases of the verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activity by diclofenac and fluoxetine may indicate competitive transporter inhibition. Sertraline inhibited the basal and verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activities suggesting its property as non-competitive Abcb4 inhibitor. Taken together, our finding that chemically diverse PPCPs interfere with MXR efflux activity of zebrafish indicates that (1) efflux transporters may influence bioaccumulation of many PPCPs in fish and that (2) many PPCPs may act as chemosensitisers. Furthermore, it appears that interference of PPCPs with efflux activity in zebrafish embryos is not only from effects on Abcb4 but also on other efflux transporter subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
| | - K Burkhardt-Medicke
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Technische Universitaet Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Wellner
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; 5IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Luckenbach
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji Islands
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Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101762. [PMID: 27775672 PMCID: PMC5085786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several emerging pollutants, including Personal Care Products (PCPs), have been detected in aquatic ecosystems, in the ng/L or µg/L range. Available toxicological data is limited, and, for certain PCPs, evidence indicates a potential risk for the environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to gather ecotoxicological data on PCPs as a proxy to improve risk assessment. Here, the toxicity of three different PCPs (4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor (4-MBC), propylparaben and triclocarban) was tested using embryo bioassays with Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Paracentrotus lividus (sea urchin). The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for triclocarban was 0.256 µg/L for sea urchin and 100 µg/L for zebrafish, whereas NOEC for 4-MBC was 0.32 µg/L for sea urchin and 50 µg/L for zebrafish. Both PCPs impacted embryo development at environmentally relevant concentrations. In comparison with triclocarban and 4-MBC, propylparaben was less toxic for both sea urchin (NOEC = 160 µg/L) and zebrafish (NOEC = 1000 µg/L). Overall, this study further demonstrates the sensitivity of embryo bioassays as a high-throughput approach for testing the toxicity of emerging pollutants.
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Gao J, O'Brien J, Du P, Li X, Ort C, Mueller JF, Thai PK. Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:164-170. [PMID: 27295590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and analysis of wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a useful tool for understanding exposure to chemicals. Both wastewater based studies and management and planning of the catchment require information on catchment population in the time of monitoring. Recently, a model has been developed and calibrated using selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) measured in influent wastewater for estimating population in different catchments in Australia. The present study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of utilizing this population estimation approach in China. Twenty-four hour composite influent samples were collected from 31 WWTPs in 17 cities with catchment sizes from 200,000-3,450,000 people representing all seven regions of China. The samples were analyzed for 19 PPCPs using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in direct injection mode. Eight chemicals were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Significant positive correlations were found between individual PPCP mass loads and population estimates provided by WWTP operators. Using the PPCP mass load modeling approach calibrated with WWTP operator data, we estimated the population size of each catchment with good agreement with WWTP operator values (between 50-200% for all sites and 75-125% for 23 of the 31 sites). Overall, despite much lower detection and relatively high heterogeneity in PPCP consumption across China the model provided a good estimate of the population contributing to a given wastewater sample. Wastewater analysis could also provide objective PPCP consumption status in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Gao
- The University of Queensland, National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Jake O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Peng Du
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, National Research Center for Environmental Toxicology, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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Sun Q, Li M, Ma C, Chen X, Xie X, Yu CP. Seasonal and spatial variations of PPCP occurrence, removal and mass loading in three wastewater treatment plants located in different urbanization areas in Xiamen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:371-381. [PMID: 26552527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of 48 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in different urbanization areas in Xiamen, China was investigated over one year. Results showed that PPCPs were widely detected, but the major PPCPs in the influent, effluent, and sludge were different. Spatial and seasonal variations of PPCP levels in the influent and sludge were observed. The removal efficiencies for most PPCPs were similar among the three WWTPs, although they employed different biological treatment processes. Furthermore, the mass loadings per inhabitant of most pharmaceuticals had a positive correlation with the urbanization levels, indicating that most pharmaceutical usage was higher in the urban core compared to the suburban zones. The total mass loadings of all the 48 PPCPs in the effluent and waste sludge showed close proportions, which suggested the importance of proper waste sludge disposal to prevent a large quantity of PPCPs from entering the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Xiangqiang Chen
- Xiamen Water Affairs Zhonghuan Sewage Treatment Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Xiamen Water Affairs Zhonghuan Sewage Treatment Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Li L, Bing J, Wang Y, Yan H. Mechanism for enhanced degradation of clofibric acid in aqueous by catalytic ozonation over MnOx/SBA-15. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:276-284. [PMID: 25590821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the catalytic ability of MnO(x)/SBA-15 for the ozonation of clofibric acid (CA) and its reaction mechanism. Compared with ozonation alone, the degradation of CA was barely enhanced, while the removal of TOC was significantly improved by catalytic ozonation (O3/MnO(x)/SBA-15). Adsorption of CA and its intermediates by MnO(x)/SBA-15 was proved unimportant in O3/MnO(x)/SBA-15 due to the insignificant adsorption of CA and little TOC variation after ceasing ozone in stopped-flow experiment. The more remarkably inhibition effect of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) on the removal of TOC in catalytic ozonation than in ozonation alone elucidated that MnO(x)/SBA-15 facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), which was further verified by electron spin-resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Highly dispersed MnO(x) on SBA-15 were believed to be the main active component in MnO(x)/SBA-15. Some intermediates were indentified and different degradation routes of CA were proposed in both ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation. The amounts of small molecular carboxylic acids (i.e., formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA)) generated in catalytic ozonation were lower than in ozonation alone, resulting from the generation of more OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jishuai Bing
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihua Yan
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sui Q, Wang D, Zhao W, Huang J, Yu G, Cao X, Qiu Z, Lu S. Pharmaceuticals and consumer products in four wastewater treatment plants in urban and suburb areas of Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6086-6094. [PMID: 25391230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ten pharmaceuticals and two consumer products were investigated in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of target compounds in the wastewater influents ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 9340 ng/L, with the frequency of detection of 31-100%, and the removal efficiencies were observed to be -82 to 100% in the four WWTPs. Concentrations of most target compounds (i.e. diclofenac, caffeine, metoprolol, sulpiride) in the wastewater influents were around three to eight times higher in urban WWTPs than in suburb ones, probably due to the different population served and lifestyles. Mean concentrations of target compounds in the wastewater influent generally decreased by 5-76% after rainfall due to the dilution of raw sewage by rainwater, which infiltrated into the sewer system. In the WWTPs located in the suburb area, the increased flow of wastewater influent led to a shortened hydraulic retention time (HRT) and decreased removal efficiencies of some compounds. On the contrary, the influence of rainfall was not significant on the removal efficiencies of investigated compounds in urban WWTPs, probably due to the almost unchanged influent flow, good removal performance, or bypass system employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Edwards QA, Kulikov SM, Garner-O'Neale LD. Caffeine in surface and wastewaters in Barbados, West Indies. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:57. [PMID: 25729634 PMCID: PMC4339322 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a purine alkaloid drug, has been recognized as a contaminant of water bodies in various climatic regions, however, these environmental caffeine concentrations are the first to be reported in the tropical Caribbean. The major objective of this study was to develop an improved method to extract caffeine from surface and wastewaters in the warm Caribbean environment and measure caffeine concentrations in highly populated areas in Barbados. Caffeine was extracted from water via solid phase extraction (SPE); the acidified water samples were loaded onto C-18 cartridges and eluted with pure chloroform. The extracted caffeine was quantified using gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy - multiple reaction monitoring (GC-MS/MS-MRM). Method detection limits of 0.2 ng L−1 from 1 L water samples were achieved. Caffeine was detected in all environmental water samples investigated. The concentrations of caffeine in surface waters were detected in the range 0.1 - 6.9 μg L−1. The two wastewater treatment plants, primary and secondary treatment systems, significantly differed in their ability to eliminate caffeine in the raw sewage (38% and 99% caffeine removal efficiencies respectively). Thus, it may be essential to employ secondary treatment to effectively remove caffeine from wastewater systems in Barbados. Caffeine in water bodies are principally attributed to anthropogenic sources as caffeine-producing plants are not commonly grown on the island of Barbados. The study also shows the recalcitrance of caffeine to hydrolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy A Edwards
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, PO BOX 64 Bridgetown, West Indies Barbados
| | - Sergei M Kulikov
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, PO BOX 64 Bridgetown, West Indies Barbados
| | - Leah D Garner-O'Neale
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, PO BOX 64 Bridgetown, West Indies Barbados
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Basha S, Keane D, Nolan K, Oelgemöller M, Lawler J, Tobin JM, Morrissey A. UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of aqueous acetaminophen: the role of adsorption and reaction kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2219-2230. [PMID: 25173973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured titania supported on activated carbon (AC), termed as integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs), were prepared by ultrasonication and investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen (AMP), a common analgesic and antipyretic drug. The IPCAs showed high affinity towards AMP (in dark adsorption studies), with the amount adsorbed proportional to the TiO2 content; the highest adsorption was at 10 wt% TiO2. Equilibrium isotherm studies showed that the adsorption followed the Langmuir model, indicating the dependence of the reaction on an initial adsorption step, with maximum adsorption capacity of 28.4 mg/g for 10 % TiO2 IPCA. The effects of initial pH, catalyst amount and initial AMP concentration on the photocatalytic degradation rates were studied. Generally, the AMP photodegradation activity of the IPCAs was better than that of bare TiO2. Kinetic studies on the photocatalytic degradation of AMP under UV suggest that the degradation followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics, with an adsorption rate constant (K) that was considerably higher than the photocatalytic rate constant (k r), indicating that the photocatalysis of AMP is the rate-determining step during the adsorption/photocatalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Basha
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavagnar, 364002, Gujarat, India
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47
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Wen ZH, Chen L, Meng XZ, Duan YP, Zhang ZS, Zeng EY. Occurrence and human health risk of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in a drinking water source for Shanghai, East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:987-993. [PMID: 24914528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are heavily used to improve human and animal health, resulting in the frequent contamination of aquatic environments with pharmaceutical residues, which has raised considerable concern in recent years. When inadequately removed from drinking water in water treatment plants, pharmaceuticals can have potential toxic effects on human health. This study investigated the spatial distributions and seasonal variations of five pharmaceuticals, including ibuprofen (IBP), ketoprofen (KEP), naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DFC), and clofibric acid (CA), in the Huangpu River system (a drinking water source for Shanghai) over a period of almost two years as well as the associated risk to human health for different age groups. All of the targets were ubiquitous in the river water, with levels decreasing in the following order: KEP (mean: 28.6 ng/L)≈IBP (23.3 ng/L)>DFC (13.6 ng/L)≈NPX (12.3 ng/L)>CA (1.6ng/L). The concentrations of all of the investigated compounds were at the low or medium end of the global range. The upstream tributaries contained lower IBP but higher NPX than did the mainstream and downstream tributaries. However, no significant variations were found in the levels of KEP, DFC, or CA at the different sampling sites. Except for CA in the mainstream, significantly higher pharmaceutical levels were observed in the dry season than in the wet season. Overall, a very low risk of the selected pharmaceuticals for human health via drinking water was observed, but future studies are needed to examine the fate and chronic effects of all pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the human health risk of pharmaceuticals in raw drinking water in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yan-Ping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeng-Sheng Zhang
- Shanghai Tongji Clearon Environmental Protection Equipment Engineering Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Yu X, Zuo J, Li R, Gan L, Li Z, Zhang F. A combined evaluation of the characteristics and acute toxicity of antibiotic wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:40-45. [PMID: 24836876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The conventional parameters and acute toxicities of antibiotic wastewater collected from each treatment unit of an antibiotic wastewater treatment plant have been investigated. The investigation of the conventional parameters indicated that the antibiotic wastewater treatment plant performed well under the significant fluctuation in influent water quality. The results of acute toxicity indicated that the toxicity of antibiotic wastewater could be reduced by 94.3 percent on average after treatment. However, treated antibiotic effluents were still toxic to Vibrio fischeri. The toxicity of antibiotic production wastewater could be attributed to the joint effects of toxic compound mixtures in wastewater. Moreover, aerobic biological treatment processes, including sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and aerobic biofilm reactor, played the most important role in reducing toxicity by 92.4 percent. Pearson׳s correlation coefficients revealed that toxicity had a strong and positive linear correlation with organic substances, nitrogenous compounds, S(2-), volatile phenol, cyanide, As, Zn, Cd, Ni and Fe. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4(+)) was the greatest contributor to toxicity according to the stepwise regression method. The multiple regression model was a good fit for [TU50-15 min] as a function of [NH₄(+)] with the determination coefficient of 0.981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ruixia Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lili Gan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Zhou H, Zhang Q, Wang X, Zhang Q, Ma L, Zhan Y. Systematic screening of common wastewater-marking pharmaceuticals in urban aquatic environments: implications for environmental risk control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7113-7129. [PMID: 24557805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we refer to pharmaceuticals that are widespread in the urban aquatic environment and that mainly originate from wastewater treatment plants or non-point source sewage as "wastewater-marking pharmaceuticals" (WWMPs). To some extent, they reflect the condition or trend of water contamination and also contribute to aquatic environmental risk assessment. The method reported here for screening typical WWMPs was proposed based on academic concerns about them and their concentrations present in the urban aquatic environment, as well as their properties of accumulation, persistence, eco-toxicity and related environmental risks caused by them. The screening system consisted of an initial screening system and a further screening system. In the former, pharmaceuticals were categorised into different evaluation levels, and in the latter, each pharmaceutical was given a normalised final evaluation score, which was the sum of every score for its properties of accumulation, persistence, eco-toxicity and environmental risk in the aquatic environment. The system was applied to 126 pharmaceuticals frequently detected in the aquatic environment. In the initial screening procedure, five pharmaceuticals were classified into the "high" category, 16 pharmaceuticals into the "medium" category, 15 pharmaceuticals into the "low" category and 90 pharmaceuticals into the "very low" category. Subsequently, further screening were conducted on 36 pharmaceuticals considered as being of "high", "medium" and "low" categories in the former system. We identified 7 pharmaceuticals with final evaluation scores of 1-10, 10 pharmaceuticals with scores of 11-15, 15 pharmaceuticals with scores from 16 to 20 and 4 pharmaceuticals with scores above 21. The results showed that this screening system could contribute to the effective selection of target WWMPs, which would be important for spatial-temporal dynamics, transference and pollution control of pharmaceuticals in the urban aquatic environment. However, there remains a number of pharmaceutical parameters with measured data gaps, such as organic carbon adsorption coefficients and bioconcentration factors, which, if filled, would improve the accuracy of the screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China,
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Yu C, Dong S, Feng J, Sun J, Hu L, Li Y, Sun J. Controlled synthesis of uniform BiVO4 microcolumns and advanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for the degradation of metronidazole-contained wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2837-2845. [PMID: 24146322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined, uniform bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) microcolumns were synthesized through a refined hydrothermal route. During the fabrication process, a detailed orthogonal design on the synthetic conditions was performed, aiming to optimize the experimental parameters to produce BiVO4 materials (BiVO4 (Opt.)) with the most prominent visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency, where the catalytic activities of the synthesized materials were evaluated via the decolorization of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The BiVO4 (Opt.) were then targetedly produced according to the determined optimal conditions and well characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet and visible diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Compared with the commercial P25-TiO2 photocatalysts, the as-synthesized BiVO4 (Opt.) displayed superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities for the degradation of metronidazole-contained wastewater with the presence of H2O2. The degradation efficiency of metronidazole reached up to 70 % within 180 min, leading to a brief speculation on the possibly major steps of the visible-light-driven photocatalytic process. The current study provides a distinctive route to design novel shaped BiVO4 architectures with advanced photocatalytic capacities for the treatment of organic pollutants in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfei Yu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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