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Cao X, An J, Zhu S, Feng M, Gang Y, Wen C, Hu B. Nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma K mediate regulation glutathione peroxidase of Cristaria plicata after microcystin-induced oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109742. [PMID: 37689170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2)/Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) signaling pathway is an endogenous antioxidant pathway that protects cells from oxidative damage. This pathway is triggered when aquatic organisms are exposed to environmental toxicants. In this study, CpMafK (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma K of Cristaria plicata) mRNA expression in hepatopancreas and gills were up regulated after Cristaria plicata (C. plicata) was exposed to microcystin (MC), which showed that CpMafK protected C. plicata from MC. After MC treatment and CpNrf2 (Nrf2 of Cristaria plicata) knockdown, the mRNA expression of CpMafK was down regulated. After MC treatment and CpMafK knockdown, the mRNA expression of CpNrf2 was down regulated. Indicating that the expression of CpNrf2 was positively correlated with CpMafK. CpGPx (GPx of Cristaria plicata) mRNA was also down regulated with the down regulation of CpMafK and CpNrf2. CpGPx promoter contains a variety of transcription factor binding sites, including Nrf2, ARE elements, etc. Gel blocking experiments showed that CpNrf2/CpMafK heterodimers were bound to CpGPx promoters in vitro. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CpNrf2/CpMafK heterodimer negatively regulated CpGPx promoter in cells. In conclusion, Nrf2 and MafK mediate regulation of GPx play a crucial role in protecting bivalves from MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Cao
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinhua An
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Maolin Feng
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yang Gang
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Baoqing Hu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Pinto A, Botelho MJ, Churro C, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL. A review on aquatic toxins - Do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118769. [PMID: 37597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxins are potent natural toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria and marine algae species during harmful cyanobacterial and algal blooms (CyanoHABs and HABs, respectively). These harmful bloom events and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide, with occurrence, frequency and severity of CyanoHABs and HABs being predicted to keep increasing due to ongoing climate change scenarios. These contexts, as well as human health consequences of some toxins produced during bloom events have been thoroughly reviewed before. Conversely, the wider picture that includes the non-human biota in the assessment of noxious effects of toxins is much less covered in the literature and barely covered by review works. Despite direct human exposure to aquatic toxins and related deleterious effects being responsible for the majority of the public attention to the blooms' problematic, it constitutes a very limited fraction of the real environmental risk posed by these toxins. The disruption of ecological and trophic interactions caused by these toxins in the aquatic biota building on deleterious effects they may induce in different species is paramount as a modulator of the overall magnitude of the environmental risk potentially involved, thus necessarily constraining the quality and efficiency of the management strategies that should be placed. In this way, this review aims at updating and consolidating current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of aquatic toxins, attempting to going beyond their main toxicity pathways in human and related models' health, i.e., also focusing on ecologically relevant model organisms. For conciseness and considering the severity in terms of documented human health risks as a reference, we restricted the detailed revision work to neurotoxic cyanotoxins and marine toxins. This comprehensive revision of the systemic effects of aquatic neurotoxins provides a broad overview of the exposure and the hazard that these compounds pose to human and environmental health. Regulatory approaches they are given worldwide, as well as (eco)toxicity data available were hence thoroughly reviewed. Critical research gaps were identified particularly regarding (i) the toxic effects other than those typical of the recognized disease/disorder each toxin causes following acute exposure in humans and also in other biota; and (ii) alternative detection tools capable of being early-warning signals for aquatic toxins occurrence and therefore provide better human and environmental safety insurance. Future directions on aquatic toxins research are discussed in face of the existent knowledge, with particular emphasis on the much-needed development and implementation of effective alternative (eco)toxicological biomarkers for these toxins. The wide-spanning approach followed herein will hopefully stimulate future research more broadly addressing the environmental hazardous potential of aquatic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Pinto
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Churro
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Wu J, Liu W, Hou S, Wang Y, Fang H, Luo S, Yang L, Wen C. Identification of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and its transcriptional regulation of antioxidant genes after exposure to microcystins in freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104629. [PMID: 36587710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) are one of the most abundant and widely distributed cyanotoxins in aquatic systems. MC inhibits the functions of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1/2A), which can seriously affect ecosystem integrity. The NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1 (Keap1) signaling pathway protects against oxidative damage by activating phase II detoxification/antioxidant enzymes. Our previous study revealed that MC upregulates the expression and enhances the activities of the antioxidant enzymes by stimulating the CpNrf2 signaling pathway. In the current study, to further clarify the regulatory role of Keap1 in response to MC-induced oxidative stress in shellfish, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Keap1a and Keap1b from Cristaria plicata (designated CpKeap1a and CpKeap1b), which are 2952 and 3710 bp peptides, respectively. The amino acid sequence of CpKeap1a and CpKeap1b contained Tram-track and Bric-a-brac (BTB), Intervening region (IVR), and Double glycine repeat (DGR) domain. Additionally, CpKeap1a contained two cysteine residues analogous to Cys-273 and -288 in zebrafish, but CpKeap1b did not. Moreover, CpKeap1a and -1b formed a homodimer and heterodimer, respectively, and also formed a heterodimer with CpNrf2. In the hepatopancreas, the expression levels of CpKeap1a and -1b were the highest, but MC treatment down-regulated the expression of these proteins. Moreover, the transcription of antioxidant enzymes with antioxidant response element (ARE-driven enzymes), including CpMnSOD, CpCu/ZnSOD, CpTRX, CpPrx, CpSe-GPx, and Cpsigma-GST was upregulated by CpNrf2 in the hepatopancreas. Compared with the MC-induced group, CpKeap1a-siRNA1117 injection significantly increased the transcription of mRNAs for ARE-driven enzymes and Nrf2. CpKeap1a-siRNA1117 also enhanced the activities of antioxidation enzymes. These findings demonstrated that Keap1a negatively regulated the expression of Nrf2 protein and MC-induced oxidative stress response in C. plicata. Therefore, we speculated that CpKeap1a promoted CpNrf2 by recognizing and binding MC. These events then protected molluscs from MC-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielian Wu
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shumin Hou
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Haihong Fang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Falfushynska H, Kasianchuk N, Siemens E, Henao E, Rzymski P. A Review of Common Cyanotoxins and Their Effects on Fish. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020118. [PMID: 36850993 PMCID: PMC9961407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and human-induced eutrophication drive the occurrence of various cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. These metabolites reveal diversified mechanisms of action, encompassing cyto-, neuro-, hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, and pose a threat to aquatic biota and human health. In the present paper, we review data on the occurrence of the most studied cyanotoxins, microcystins, nodularins, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins, and saxitoxins, in the aquatic environment, as well as their potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in fish. Microcystins are the most studied among all known cyanotoxins, although other toxic cyanobacterial metabolites are also commonly identified in aquatic environments and can reveal high toxicity in fish. Except for primary toxicity signs, cyanotoxins adversely affect the antioxidant system and anti-/pro-oxidant balance. Cyanotoxins also negatively impact the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, fish exposed to microcystins and cylindrospermopsin exhibit various immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and endocrine responses. Even though cyanotoxins exert a complex pressure on fish, numerous aspects are yet to be the subject of in-depth investigation. Metabolites other than microcystins should be studied more thoroughly to understand the long-term effects in fish and provide a robust background for monitoring and management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Eduard Siemens
- Faculty of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Anhalt University for Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany
| | - Eliana Henao
- Research Group Integrated Management of Ecosystems and Biodiversity XIUÂ, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznan, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 61701 Poznań, Poland
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Jesus F, Mesquita F, Virumbrales Aldama E, Marques A, Gonçalves AMM, Magalhães L, Nogueira AJA, Ré A, Campos I, Pereira JL, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. Do Freshwater and Marine Bivalves Differ in Their Response to Wildfire Ash? Effects on the Antioxidant Defense System and Metal Body Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1326. [PMID: 36674083 PMCID: PMC9859076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires constitute a source of contamination to both freshwater and marine ecosystems. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant defense response of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea and the marine cockle (Cerastoderma edule) to wildfire ash exposure and the concomitant metal body burden. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations (0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) of aqueous extracts of Eucalypt ash (AEAs) from a moderate-to-high severity wildfire. The activity of various enzymes, as well as lipid peroxidation, protein content, and metal body burden, were determined after 96 h of exposure. A significant increase in the protein content of soft tissues was observed for C. edule at AEA concentrations ≥ 25%, unlike for C. fluminea. Similarly, significant effects on lipid peroxidation were observed for cockles, but not for clams. For both species, a significant effect in the total glutathione peroxidase activity was observed at AEA concentrations ≥ 25%. Relative to the control, AEAs-exposed clams showed higher Cd content, whereas AEAs-exposed cockles showed higher Cu content, thus exhibiting different responses to the exposure to wildfire ash. The susceptibility of bivalves to ashes, at environmentally relevant concentrations, raises concern about the effects of post-fire runoff to bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mesquita
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisa Virumbrales Aldama
- Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Calle Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Magalhães
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J. A. Nogueira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. M. Gonçalves
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Zhang J, Yu M, Gao Y, Zhang M, Dong J, Li M, Li X. Feeding behavior, microcystin accumulation, biochemical response, and ultramicrostructure changes in edible freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13560-13570. [PMID: 36136196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As filter-feeders, bivalves naturally come into direct contact with microcystins (MCs) in eutrophic water bodies suffering from cyanobacteria blooms. To date, however, no studies have quantified the dynamics of microcystin accumulation and depuration in the edible freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea when exposed to dense bloom concentrations of Microcystis aeruginosa, while considering dynamic changes of biochemical indexes and feeding structure. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and detoxification of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in C. fluminea were investigated. Our results showed that C. fluminea would graze equally efficiently on green algae and M. aeruginosa, irrespective of whether the M. aeruginosa strains were toxic or non-toxic. MCs could be accumulated and depurated by C. fluminea efficiently. In addition, linear and exposure time-dependent MC-LR accumulation patterns were observed in C. fluminea. Activities of biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase, GST) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in various tissues of treated clams were stimulated by MCs in a tissue-specific manner. Our findings indicated that C. fluminea hepatopancreas was the primary target organ for MC-LR detoxification processes, as evidenced by a significant increase in GST activity. Besides, gills and mantle were more sensitive than the other tissues to oxidative stress in the initial microcystin exposure period with a significant increase in SOD activity. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the lateral cilia in the gill aperture were well developed during the MCs exposure period, which could perform the filter-feeding function instead of the damaged frontal cilium. This study provides insight into the possible tolerance of C. fluminea exposed to dense bloom concentrations of M. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yunni Gao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Mei Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Gabellone C, Molina G, Arrighetti F, Laino A, Garcia CF. Behavioral, Histological, and Physiological Evaluation of the Effect of Imidacloprid on the Spider Misumenops maculissparsus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2152-2161. [PMID: 35723420 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (commercial formulation) on juveniles of the spider Misumenops maculissparsus (Keyserling, 1891). We first analyzed whether spiders recognized the presence of the insecticide on surfaces and in drinking water (in the form of droplets). Next, we investigated if the insecticide generated histologic, physiologic, and/or biochemical alterations. We observed that spiders do not detect the insecticide on a surface (e.g., paper) or in the form of droplets. After the imidacloprid ingestion by droplet intake, most spiders exhibited a paralysis that reverted after 48 h. Consequently, we observed histopathologic damage (i.e., pigment accumulation, necrosis, and cuticle detachment), and an increased catalase (CAT) activity and total-protein concentration in the individuals treated. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, however, did not undergo significant variations. The results obtained emphasize the need to consider different classes of biomarkers, such as CAT and other proteins, to identify and evaluate the histologic, biologic, and biochemical effects of imidacloprid, one of the most widely used insecticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2152-2161. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gabellone
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y Vectores (CEPAVE), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Arrighetti
- CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner", La Plata, Argentina
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Zhang W, Tang Y, Han Y, Zhou W, Shi W, Teng S, Ren P, Xiao G, Li S, Liu G. Microplastics boost the accumulation of tetrabromobisphenol A in a commercial clam and elevate corresponding food safety risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133499. [PMID: 34979205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine bivalve molluscs are one of the primary seafood for consumers. Inhabiting terrigenous pollutant-convergent coastal areas and feeding through seawater filtration, edible bivalves are subjected to waterborne emerging pollutants such as microplastics (MPs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Nevertheless, the potential risks of consuming MP-TBBPA contaminated seafood are still largely unknown. With that, accumulation of TBBPA with and without the presence of MPs in a commercial bivalve species, blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), was determined in the present study. Meanwhile, corresponding target hazard quotients (THQs) as well as margins of exposure (MoEs) were estimated to evaluate the potential health risks for clam consumers. Furthermore, the impacts of pollutants accumulation on the detoxification process and energy supply were analysed. The data obtained demonstrated that MPs aggravate the accumulation of TBBPA in clams, leading to elevated potential food safety risks (indicated by higher THQ values and lower MoE values) for consumers. In addition, the in vivo contents of CYP1A1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, the enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase, and the expression levels of five detoxification-related genes were all dramatically suppressed by MP-TBBPA. Furthermore, clams exposed to MP-TBBPA had significantly lower adenosine triphosphate contents and lower pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase activities. These results indicated that the aggravation of TBBPA accumulation may be due to the hence disruption of detoxification process and limited energy available for detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Peng Ren
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, 325005, PR China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Saxitoxin Group Toxins Accumulation Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tissues of Mytilus chilensis, Ameghinomya antiqua, and Concholepas concholepas during a Bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020392. [PMID: 35204273 PMCID: PMC8869173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) group toxins consist of a set of analogues which are produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). During a HAB, filter-feeding marine organisms accumulate the dinoflagellates and concentrate the toxins in the tissues. In this study, we analyze the changes in antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in the bivalves Mytilus chilensis and Ameghinomya antiqua, and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas during a bloom of Alexandrium pacificum. The results show that during the exponential phase of the bloom bivalves show an increase in toxicity and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathinoe reductase, p < 0.05), while in the gastropods, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes was associated with the bioaccumulation of toxins through the diet. At the end of the bloom, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the visceral and non-visceral tissues was detected in the bivalves, with an increase in oxidative damage (p < 0.05), in which the latter is correlated with the detection of the most toxic analogues of the STX-group (r = 0.988). In conclusion, in areas with high incidence of blooms, shellfish show a high activity of antioxidants, however, during the stages involving the distribution and bioconversion of toxins, there is decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes resulting in oxidative damage.
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Won EJ, Kim D, Yoo JW, In S, Shin KH, Lee YM. Oxidative stress responses in brackish water flea exposed to microcystin-LR and algal bloom waters from Nakdong River, Republic of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111868. [PMID: 33279800 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis blooms and the impact of their toxins, particularly microcystin (MC), in coastal ecosystems is an emerging threat, but the species-specific effects of MC and the potential for bioconcentration are not fully understood. We exposed the brackish water flea, Diaphanosoma celebensis, to MC-LR, which showed antioxidant responses measured at the molecular to enzyme levels but no acute toxicity. We extended our experimental investigation to measure the released MC and its uptake by D. celebensis exposed to river water. In a short-term exposure (48 h) experiment, D. celebensis exposed to water from an algal bloom (approximately 2 μg L-1 MC) assimilated more than 50 pg MC per individual. The significant increase of MCs suggests the potential for the species to accumulate MCs. The dose-dependent increase in the antioxidant response observed in the mRNA levels also showed that D. celebensis exposed to diluted algal bloom waters were affected by toxins from cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon In
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea; Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Wu JL, Liu WX, Wen CG, Qian GM, Hu BQ, Jian SQ, Yang G, Dong J. Effect of microcystin on the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes from Cristaria plicata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105526. [PMID: 32569999 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) is a cyclic heptapeptide toxin. Nuclear factor erythocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can enhance cellular survival by mediating phase 2 detoxification and antioxidant genes. In this study, CpNrf2 cDNA sequences were cloned from freshwater bivalve Cristaria plicata. The full-length CpNrf2 cDNA sequence was 4259 bp, and its homology was the highest with Mizuhopecten yessoensis, reaching 46%. CpNrf2 transcription levels were examined in all tested tissues, and the highest level was in hepatopancreas from C. plicata. The recombinant protein pET32-CpNrf2 was purified with the content of 1.375 mg/mL. The expression levels of CpNrf2 mRNA were raised in hepatopancreas after MC stimulation. After CpNrf2 knockdown, CpNrf2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated after 24 h. Compared with control group, the expression levels of ARE-driven enzymes (CpMnSOD, CpCuZnSOD, CpTRX, CpPrx, CpSe-GPx and Cpsigma-GST) were significantly increased, and those enzyme activities were also significantly up-regulated in MC-stimulated group. However, in CpNrf2-iRNA group, they were significantly down-regulated. The results revealed that Nrf2/ARE pathway is very crucial to protect molluscs from MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Lian Wu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Science & Technology, Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chun-Gen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guo-Ming Qian
- Rice Seed Stock of Dengjiabu Jiangxi, Yintan 335200, China
| | - Bao-Qing Hu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shao-Qing Jian
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Science & Technology, Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
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12
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Paulino MG, Tavares D, Terezan AP, Sakuragui MM, Pesenti E, Giani A, Cestari MM, Fernandes JB, Fernandes MN. Biotransformations, Antioxidant System Responses, and Histopathological Indexes in the Liver of Fish Exposed to Cyanobacterial Extract. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1041-1051. [PMID: 32102115 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiocystis fernandoi, a microcystin (MC) producer, has been common in cyanobacterial blooms in tropical regions. Microcystin is a hepatotoxin that causes tissue damage and even death in animals, including humans; its detoxification process may involve biotransformation and activation of the antioxidant defense system. We evaluated the detoxification pathway, examined the antioxidant defense system responses, and determined the alterations and the organ histopathological indexes in the liver of the tropical fish Hoplias malabaricus after acute and subchronic intraperitoneal exposure to microcystin. The crude microcystin extract of R. fernandoi had predominantly MC-RR and MC-YR. The detoxification process was activated by increasing ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, whereas glutathione S-transferase was inhibited. The activity of the antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase decreased after acute exposure; the SOD-catalase system and the glutathione level increased after subchronic exposure. The carbonyl protein level, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage were unchanged after acute exposure, whereas protein carbonyl was unchanged, LPO decreased, and DNA damage increased after subchronic exposure. Histopathological alteration indexes differed between acute and subchronic exposure, but the histopathological organ indexes indicate liver dysfunction in both exposure periods. We conclude that MC-RR and MC-YR induce different liver responses depending on the time of exposure, and the antioxidant defense responses after subchronic exposure may help to partially restore the liver function. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1041-1051. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Driele Tavares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Terezan
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuele Pesenti
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Giani
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Sopezki MS, Josende ME, Cruz LC, Yunes JS, Lima JV, Zanette J. The effects of Microcystis aeruginosa cells lysate containing microcystins on physiological and molecular responses in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:591-598. [PMID: 31916382 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are potent toxins produced by environmental cyanobacterial blooms. The present study evaluated the effects of a Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacterial lysate containing 0.1, 1, and 10 μg L-1 MC-LR equivalent in the C. elegans Bristol N2 wild-type and the effects caused by equivalent concentrations of a MC-LR standard. The lysate was prepared from a culture of toxic strain (RST9501) originated from the Patos Lagoon Estuary (RS, Brazil). The minimal concentration necessary to cause significant effects in C. elegans under exposure to M. aeruginosa lysate or to MC-LR standard were, respectively, 10 and 0.1 μg L-1 MC-LR equivalent for growth and 10 and 1 μg L-1 MC-LR equivalent for fertility. Reproduction (ie, brood size) was only affected by the exposure to 10 μg L-1 MC-LR standard and was not affected by the lysate. The nematodes that were exposed to lysate containing 1 μg L-1 MC-LR equivalent or MC-LR were also analyzed for pharyngeal pumping and gene expression using RT-qPCR. The worms' rhythmic contractions of the pharynx were similarly affected by the lysate containing 1 μg L-1 of MC-LR equivalent and the MC-LR standard. The MC-LR standard caused down-regulation of genes related to growth (daf-16), fertility (spe-10), and biotransformation (gst-2). This is the first study to evaluate the effects of a toxic cyanobacterial lysate using the C. elegans model. This study suggests the organism as a potential biotest to evaluate toxicity of natural waters containing M. aeruginosa cells and to environmental risk assessment associated to cyanobacterial bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio S Sopezki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Josende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Litiele C Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - João S Yunes
- Laboratório de Cianobactérias e Ficotoxinas, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliane V Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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14
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Omidi A, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Pflugmacher S. Interspecies interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and Desmodesmus subspicatus SAG 86.81 in a co-cultivation system at various growth phases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105052. [PMID: 31357091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In lakes, cyanobacterial blooms are frequently associated with green algae and dominate the phytoplankton community in successive waves. In the present study, the interactions between Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and Desmodesmus subspicatus were studied to clarify the probable ecological significance of algal secondary metabolites; focusing on the role of cyanotoxin 'microcystin-LR' (MC-LR). A dialysis co-cultivation technique was applied where M. aeruginosa was grown inside and D. subspicatus was cultured outside of the dialysis tubing. The concentration of the intra- and extracellular MC-LR and the growth of two species were measured at different time points over a period of one month. Additionally, the growth of the two species in the culture filtrate of one another and the effect of the purified MC-LR on the growth of the green alga were studied. The results indicated that the co-existing species could affect each other depending on the growth phases. Despite the early dominance of D. subspicatus during the logarithmic phase, M. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of the green alga at the stationary phase, which coincided with increased MC production and release. However, the inhibitory effects of Microcystis might be related to its other extracellular metabolites rather than, or possibly in addition to, MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Sakuragui MM, Paulino MG, da Silva E Souza NE, Tavares D, Terezan AP, Pesenti E, Giani A, Fernandes JB, Cestari MM, Fernandes MN. Crude extract of cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi strain R28 induces anemia and oxidative stress in fish erythrocytes. Toxicon 2019; 169:18-24. [PMID: 31421159 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi has been frequently identified in cyanobacterial blooms in Brazil. Recently, R. fernandoi strain R28, which produces microcystin (MC)-RR and MC-YR, was isolated from the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The present study evaluated the hematological variables and erythrocyte antioxidant responses, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and genotoxicity in a neotropical fish (Hoplias malabaricus) after acute and subchronic exposure to a crude extract (CE) of R. fernandoi strain R28. Acute exposure (12 or 96 h) consisted of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) CE injection, and subchronic exposure consisted of one i.p. CE injection every 72 h for 30 days. After acute exposure, fish exhibited macrocytic anemia (12 h post-injection) followed by normocytic anemia (96 h post-injection). The increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and the glutathione level in the erythrocytes did not prevent oxidative stress, manifested as lipid peroxidation and elevated DNA damage after acute exposure. After subchronic exposure, the hematological variables recovered, and the absence of erythrocyte oxidative stress suggests possible modulation by other biological factors, including a possible decrease in MC uptake by the cells and/or increasing detoxification efficiency that precludes erythrocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise Margareth Sakuragui
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiara Elisabete da Silva E Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Driele Tavares
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Terezan
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Pesenti
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O Box 19071, 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Giani
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O Box 19071, 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Sehnal L, Procházková T, Smutná M, Kohoutek J, Lepšová-Skácelová O, Hilscherová K. Widespread occurrence of retinoids in water bodies associated with cyanobacterial blooms dominated by diverse species. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:136-147. [PMID: 30909126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms represent a worldwide problem in freshwater as well as marine ecosystems as producers of various toxic compounds. This study provides environmentally important information about the common presence of mixtures of retinoids in various water bodies associated with the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms dominated by many different species. The study documents, for the first time, that retinoids are produced by environmental cyanobacterial blooms dominated by species belonging to different genera such as Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Woronichinia, Pseudanabaena and others. Samples of biomass of cyanobacterial blooms and their surrounding water were collected from seventeen independent freshwater bodies across the Czech Republic during summer 2015. Retinoid-like activity was detected by an in vitro reporter gene bioassay in water samples from 8 out of 17 localities with a maximal activity of 263 ng all-trans retinoic acid equivalent (REQ)/L. In comparison, in vitro assessment of biomass extracts documented retinoid-like activity at 11 out of 17 localities with a maximal retinoid-like activity of 867 ng REQ/g dry mass (dm). Individual retinoids were detected by chemical analyses in all water samples and in 16 out of 17 biomass samples with 4keto-retinal and all-trans 5,6epoxy retinoic acid being detected in aquatic ecosystems for the first time. Further, all-trans 4keto retinoic acid and retinal were the most commonly detected compounds in both types of samples. With respect to retinoid-like activity, a large proportion was explained in some samples by contributions of individual detected retinoids calculated from their concentrations and relative potencies. However, results also indicate that other unknown compounds with a retinoic acid receptor-mediated mode of action were present. The revealed widespread production of retinoids by cyanobacterial blooms dominated by diverse species across various aquatic ecosystems and their common presence in both biomass and surrounding water raises concern namely because some retinoids belong to the most potent teratogens. These compounds need to be taken into consideration in the assessment of risks associated with massive cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Sehnal
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Procházková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lepšová-Skácelová
- Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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17
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Złoch I, Hebel A, Mazur-Marzec H. Effect of crude extracts from Nodularia spumigena on round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:61-68. [PMID: 29861280 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nodularia spumigena is a nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Nodularin (NOD), the hepatotoxic peptide produced by this cyanobacterium, accumulates in the organisms from different trophic levels. In this paper, the effects of N. spumigena cell extract on the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was investigated under laboratory conditions. This benthic fish species feed on mussels in which nodularin accumulation was well documented. In current study a sharp increase in the NOD concentration in analyzed organs was observed after 24 h (PPIA) after 72 h of exposure (LC/MS). To determine the direction and strength of the changes induced in the fish by the toxin, several biochemical markers of exposure such as concentration of glutathione and activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were used. In analyzed organs (liver, gills and muscle) of the round goby, the activity of these enzymes were suppressed. Higher GSH/protein amount and CAT and POD activity in gills than in liver reflects the importance of gills in NOD entering into analyzed fish body when exposed to toxin. The results indicate that the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) exposed to extracts from N. spumigena cells triggered a defense system in a time-dependent manner. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of fish response to the presence of compounds produced by N. spumigena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Złoch
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hebel
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
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18
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Abstract
Fish can be exposed to multiple stressors at the same time, including natural toxins, environmental pollutants or feed contamination. In this study, we report on the effects of controlled exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to multiple stressors. In doing so, we test the hypothesis that cyanobacterial biomass and arsenic in feed combine to enhance negative effects on fish, including modulation of antioxidant response. The trout (mean weight 288 ± 59 g) were divided into six experimental groups of 25 fish each (C - control group; B - 3% lyophilised toxic cyanobacterial biomass; As5 - arsenic at 5 mg·kg–1; As50 - arsenic at 50 mg·kg–1; and two combinations of cyanobacterial biomass and arsenic (B+As5 and B+As50). All indicators of oxidative stress were determined using standard methods, showing significant changes. Overall antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) decreased significantly in the liver, gills and heart after 10-days, while lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) increased in the liver of groups exposed to cyanobacterial biomass, and in the heart of groups exposed to increased concentrations of arsenic and those under combined exposure. Levels of glutathione reductase showed a significant reduction following exposure, especially in the gills and liver. Our results indicate that the antioxidant system plays an important role in the protective response of tissues to stressors, and especially arsenic.
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19
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Lv D, Zhou Q, Xia Y, You X, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zou H. The Association Between Oxidative Stress Alleviation via Sulforaphane-Induced Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 Signaling Pathway Activation and Chronic Renal Allograft Dysfunction Improvement. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:191-205. [DOI: 10.1159/000487501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Chen Y, Li M, Yuan L, Xie Y, Li B, Xu W, Meng F, Wang R. Growth, blood health, antioxidant status and immune response in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco exposed to α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:1-5. [PMID: 28826621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triplicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were exposed to three levels of α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (0, 0.1 and 1 ng L-1) for 56 days. Fish survival rate (>93.33%) was not different among experimental groups. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish exposed to EE2 were higher than those of control fish. Hepatosomatic index of fish exposed to 1 ng L-1 EE2 was the highest. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing EE2 exposure levels. Liver total anti-oxidative capacity, malondialdehyde content and lysozyme activity of fish exposed to EE2 were higher than those of control fish. Phagocytic indices of fish exposed to 1 ng L-1 EE2 was lower than that of control fish. This study indicates that although EE2 exposure can promote the growth of yellow catfish in short-term, EE2 exerts its toxic effects by inducing reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde accumulation, leading to blood deterioration and interfering with immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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21
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Guo R, Pan L, Lin P, Zheng L. The detoxification responses, damage effects and bioaccumulation in the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to single and mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:36-51. [PMID: 27627846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the detoxification responses, damage effects and biotransformation in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (0.1, 1μg/L), chrysene (CHR) (0.1, 1μg/L) and BaP+CHR (0.1+0.1, 1+1μg/L) for 15days. Results demonstrated that BaP and CHR concentration (BaP<CHR) in tissues increased rapidly in a time and dose effect. The mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were induced especially in the mixtures of BaP and CHR. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) mRNA expression was significantly elevated at days 1, 10 and 15. Detoxification enzymes of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), uridine-diphosphate-glucuronyl-transferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) were significantly induced and then became stable gradually while glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was inhibited in the mixtures of BaP and CHR at days 10 and 15. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were all stimulated especially in the mixtures of BaP and CHR. The levels of DNA strand breaks, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents showed damage effects exposed BaP and CHR. All the results indicated that BaP and CHR have similar induced effect and a majority of the biomarkers pointed to a more toxic effect when BaP and CHR were mixed. These will provide a solid foundation for the study of PAHs detoxification mechanism in bivalves and valuable information for marine pollution monitoring.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Benzo(a)pyrene/metabolism
- Benzo(a)pyrene/toxicity
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Burden
- Chrysenes/metabolism
- Chrysenes/toxicity
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Environmental Monitoring/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pectinidae/drug effects
- Pectinidae/genetics
- Pectinidae/metabolism
- Protein Carbonylation/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
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22
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Hemalatha D, Amala A, Rangasamy B, Nataraj B, Ramesh M. Sublethal toxicity of quinalphos on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1399-1406. [PMID: 25899319 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of quinalphos, an organophosphorus pesticide, is likely to reach the aquatic environment and thereby posing a health concern for aquatic organisms. Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses may be good indicators of pesticide contamination in aquatic organisms. The data on quinalphos induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in carps are scanty. This study is aimed to assess the two sublethal concentrations of quinalphos (1.09 and 2.18 μL L-1 ) on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of Cyprinus carpio for a period of 20 days. In liver, the malondialdehyde level was found to be significantly increased in both the concentrations. The results of the antioxidant parameters obtained show a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase activity in liver of fish. These results demonstrate that environmentally relevant levels of the insecticide quinalphos can cause oxidative damage and increase the antioxidant scavenging capacity in C. carpio. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for the assessment of pesticide contamination. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1399-1406, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony Amala
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Woźny M, Lewczuk B, Ziółkowska N, Gomułka P, Dobosz S, Łakomiak A, Florczyk M, Brzuzan P. Intraperitoneal exposure of whitefish to microcystin-LR induces rapid liver injury followed by regeneration and resilience to subsequent exposures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:68-87. [PMID: 27765657 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, there has been no systematic approach comprehensively describing the sequence of pathological changes in fish during prolonged exposure to microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Towards this aim, juvenile whitefish individuals received an intraperitoneal injection with pure MC-LR, and the injection was repeated every week to maintain continuous exposure for 28days. During the exposure period, growth and condition of the fish were assessed based on biometric measurements. Additionally, selected biochemical markers were analysed in the fishes' blood, and their livers were carefully examined for morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular changes. The higher dose of MC-LR (100μg·kg-1) caused severe liver injury at the beginning of the exposure period, whereas the lower dose (10μg·kg-1) caused less, probably reversible injury, and its effects began to be observed later in the exposure period. These marked changes were accompanied by substantial MC-LR uptake by the liver. However, starting on the 7th day of exposure, cell debris began to be removed by phagocytes, then by 14th day, proliferation of liver cells had markedly increased, which led to reconstruction of the liver parenchyma at the end of the treatment. Surprisingly, despite weekly-repeated intraperitoneal injections, MC-LR did not accumulate over time of exposure which suggests its limited uptake in the later phase of exposure. In support, mRNA expression of the membrane transport protein oatp1d was decreased at the same time as the regenerative processes were observed. Our study shows that closing of active membrane transport may serve as one defence mechanism against further MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Woźny
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-713 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Ziółkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-713 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Gomułka
- Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Dobosz
- Department of the Salmonid Research in Rutki, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Rutki, 83-330 Żukowo, Poland
| | - Alicja Łakomiak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Florczyk
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Brzuzan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
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24
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Yuan J, Gu Z, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Chen S, Wang Z. Accumulation and detoxification dynamics of microcystin-LR and antioxidant responses in male red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:8-18. [PMID: 27218425 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MC-LR is one of major microcystin isoforms with potent hepatotoxicity. In the present study, we aim to: 1) explore the dynamics of MC-LR accumulation and elimination in different tissues of male red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii; 2) reveal the mechanisms underlying hepatic antioxidation and detoxification. In the semi-static toxicity tests under the water temperature of 25±2°C, P. clarkii were exposed to 0.1, 1, 10 and 100μg/L MC-LR for 7days for accumulation and subsequently relocated to freshwater for another 7days to depurate MC-LR. MC-LR was measured in the hepatopancreas, intestine, abdominal muscle and gill by HPLC. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), content of glutathione (GSH), and transcripts of Mn-sod, cat, gpx1, Mu-gst, heat shock protein90 (hsp90), hsp70 and hsp60 in hepatopancreas were detected. The results showed that P. clarkii accumulated more MC-LR in intestine, and less in abdominal muscle and gill during accumulation period and eliminated the toxin more quickly in gill and abdominal muscle, and comparatively slowly in intestine during depuration period. The fast increase of SOD and CAT activities at early stage, subsequent decrease at later stage of accumulation period and then fast increase during depuration period were partially consistent with the transcriptional changes of their respective genes. GPx was activated by longer MC-LR exposure and gpx1 mRNA expression showed uncoordinated regulation pattern compared with its enzyme. Hsp genes were up-regulated when P. clarkii was exposed to MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julin Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, China.
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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25
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Illumina Sequencing Reveals Aberrant Expression of MicroRNAs and Their Variants in Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) Liver after Exposure to Microcystin-LR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158899. [PMID: 27391076 PMCID: PMC4938405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular analyses show that challenging fish with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) causes perturbations of microRNA (miRNA) signaling. However, the significance and scope of these alterations is currently unknown. To address this issue, we studied miRNA gene expression in the liver of juvenile whitefish, C. lavaretus, during 28 days of exposure to a subacute dose of MC-LR (100 μg·kg-1 body mass). Using genomic resources of Atlantic salmon (AGKD03), the mature miRNA library of Atlantic salmon (miRBase-21) and bioinformatics tools (sRNAbench), we discovered and annotated a total of 377 distinct mature miRNAs belonging to 93 families of evolutionary conserved miRNAs, as well as 24 novel mature miRNA candidates that were mapped to 14 distinct S. salar miRNA precursors. miRNA-Seq transcriptome profiling of liver tissues revealed differential miRNA expression in control and treated fish at 14 days (73 miRNAs were modulated) and at 28 days (83 miRNAs) of the treatment, subsequently validated by qPCR for nine selected differentially expressed miRNAs. Additional qPCR study confirmed the miRNA-Seq data and revealed consistent, aberrant miRNAs expression profile in the later phase of MC-LR hepatotoxicity (7–28 d). Functional annotation analysis revealed that the aberrantly expressed miRNAs have target genes involved in cytoskeletal remodeling, cell metabolism, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis; dysregulation of these processes in liver cells leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. To enable deeper insight into the molecular responses of liver cells in fish exposed to MC-LR, we expanded the miRNAome analysis by inclusion of miRNA variants (isomiRs) profiles, and we showed that the isomiR profiles of liver specific MiR122, and a few other miRNAs, correlated with MC-LR treatment. Given the importance of isomiRs for disease biology in mammals, we believe that further research focused on the miRNA isoforms will bring us closer to better understanding the molecular mechanisms of MC-LR hepatotoxicity.
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26
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Liyanage HM, Arachchi DNM, Abeysekara T, Guneratne L. Toxicology of freshwater cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:137-168. [PMID: 27229761 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1193923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many chemical contaminants in drinking water have been shown to cause adverse health effects in humans after prolonged exposure. Cyanobacteria are one of the most potent and diverse groups of photosynthetic prokaryotes. One key component of cyanobacterial success in the environment is the production of potent toxins as secondary metabolites, which have been responsible for numerous adverse health impacts in humans. Anthropogenic activities have led to the increase of eutrophication in freshwater bodies' worldwide, causing cyanobacterial blooms to become more frequent. The present article will discuss about harmful cyanobacteria and their toxicology with special references to microcystin, nodularin, and cylindrospermopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Liyanage
- a National Institute of Fundamental Studies , Kandy , Sri Lanka
| | | | - T Abeysekara
- b Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Teaching Hospital , Kandy , Sri Lanka
| | - L Guneratne
- c Renal Care & Research Centre, District Hospital , Girandurukotte , Sri Lanka
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27
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Jia J, Chen Q, Lauridsen TL. A Systematic Investigation into the Environmental Fate of Microcystins and The Potential Risk: Study in Lake Taihu. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E170. [PMID: 27271667 PMCID: PMC4926137 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic investigation was conducted in Lake Taihu in autumn of 2013 and 2014, in order to understand the environmental fate of microcystins (MCs) and evaluate the health risk from MCs. Samples of water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish were taken to detect MCs by HPLC-MS/MS after solid phase extraction. Widespread MC contamination in water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish was found in Lake Taihu. The ubiquitous presence of MCs in water, algal cells and biota was found in 100% of samples. MC accumulation was in the order of primary producer > tertiary consumer > secondary consumer > primary consumer. The highest levels of MCs in macrophytes, shrimps and fish tissue were found in Potamogeton maackianus, Exopalaemon modestus, and Hyporhamphus intermedius, respectively. The MCs level in shrimps and the tissues of three fish species, Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis, Coilia ectenes and silver carp, was closely linked to their dietary exposure. Ceratophyllum demersum L. was an ideal plant for introduction into lakes to protect against Microcystis blooms and MCs, due to its ability to absorb nutrients, accumulate large amounts of MCs and tolerate these toxins compared to other macrophytes. The average daily intakes (ADIs) of MCs for Exopalaemon modestus and three fish species, Coilia ectenes, Hyporhamphus intermedius and Carassius carassius, were all above the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), implying there existed potential threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Beijing 100190, China.
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28
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Pham TL, Shimizu K, Kanazawa A, Gao Y, Dao TS, Utsumi M. Microcystin accumulation and biochemical responses in the edible clam Corbiculaleana P. exposed to cyanobacterial crude extract. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:120-130. [PMID: 27266308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the accumulation and effects of cyanobacterial crude extract (CCE) containing microcystins (MCs) on the edible clam Corbiculaleana P. Toxic effects were evaluated through the activity of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) from gills, foot, mantle and remaining soft tissues. Clams were exposed to CCE containing 400μg MC-LReq/L for 10days and were then kept in toxin-free water for 5days. Clam accumulated MCs (up to 3.41±0.63μg/g dry weight (DW) of unbound MC and 0.31±0.013μg/g DW of covalently bound MC). Detoxification and antioxidant enzymes in different organs responded differently to CCE during the experiment. The activity of SOD, CAT, and GST in the gills and mantle increased in MC-treated clams. In contrast, CAT and GST activity was significantly inhibited in the foot and mostly only slightly changed in the remaining tissues. The responses of biotransformation, antioxidant enzyme activity to CCE and the fast elimination of MCs during depuration help to explain how the clam can survive for long periods (over a week) during the decay of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Luu Pham
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Institute of Tropical Biology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan St., Dist. 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong, University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Thanh-Son Dao
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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29
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Chen L, Li S, Guo X, Xie P, Chen J. The role of GSH in microcystin-induced apoptosis in rat liver: Involvement of oxidative stress and NF-κB. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:552-560. [PMID: 25410294 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are potent and specific hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in eutrophic waters, representing a health hazard to animals and humans. The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and NF-κB activity in MC-induced apoptosis in rat liver and the role of glutathione (GSH). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at 0.25 and 0.5 LD50 with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific GSH synthesis inhibitor. MC-LR induced time-dependent alterations of GSH levels in rat liver. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant changes of antioxidant enzymes including GSH peroxidase (GPX) and GSH reductase (GR) were also observed, particularly at 24 h post-exposure. The results indicated that acute exposure to MC-LR induced oxidative stress, and GSH depletion (BSO pretreatment) enhanced the level of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the modulation of pro-apoptotic gene p53 and Bax and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was observed in 0.5 LD50 group at 24 h, and the alteration was more pronounced by BSO injection before MC-LR treatment, suggesting that GSH played a protective role against MC-induced toxicity. Additionally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that NF-κB was induced at 0.25 LD50 but inhibited at 0.5 LD50 . The above results indicated that the possible crosstalk of oxidative stress and NF-κB activity was associated with MC-LR-induced hepatocytes apoptosis in vivo. Our data will provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms of MC-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangchun Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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30
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David M, Kartheek RM. In vivo studies on hepato-renal impairments in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:722-733. [PMID: 26335525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species is an inevitable composite of aerobic systems that could channelize their lethality by imparting oxidative stress under a stressful environment. Cyanide is an important environmental toxicant that could be responsible in the resulting detrimental health issues of aquatic fauna. The present effort investigates the possibilities of hepato-renal damage in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide (NaCN). Fish were exposed to 0.1 mg/L of NaCN for 10 days (E1) and 20 days (E2) and were further subjected to recovery for 14 days (R) in NaCN-free medium. Liver tissue exhibited a significant decline in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymes in exposed fish, unlike in control (C). Subsequent levels of lipid peroxidation elevation at 'E1' and 'E2' suggested oxidative damage to hepatocytes. This was further confirmed through a histopathological evaluation which indicated important findings like lymphocytic infiltration and necrosis in liver and tubular and glomerular degeneration in renal organ. The investigation suggests biochemical and histopathological alterations in fish following exposure to NaCN. Nevertheless, fish upon the recovery period were known to exhibit incomplete recuperation which was indicated by partial restoration tendencies under biochemical and histopathological factions. The study clearly implicated the role of NaCN in emphasizing its toxicity to C. carpio, further suggesting lack of recovery transition at a limited tenure of 14 days. The study might contribute in the course of regulatory surveillance and monitoring of aquatic bodies and may also reflect the possibilities of NaCN contamination during aquaculture practices. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M David
- Environmental Toxicology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of PG Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
| | - R M Kartheek
- Environmental Toxicology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of PG Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
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Truter JC, van Wyk JH, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM, Luus-Powell WJ. The expression of selected genes linked to metabolic homeostasis in obese pansteatitis-suffering Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:69-85. [PMID: 25413848 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) population inhabiting Lake Loskop, South Africa, is characterized by a high incidence of obesity and pansteatitis. We investigated potential links between the impaired health of Lake Loskop O. mossambicus and the endocrine system by assessing the expression of selected genes associated with the thyroid and adrenal endocrine axes as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg). Moreover, contaminant-induced thyroid and/or metabolic modulation in Lake Loskop water was evaluated using juvenile O. mossambicus in laboratory exposures. The expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (thra) and type 2 deiodinase (dio2) was higher in Lake Loskop O. mossambicus than fish from another population, suggesting a degree of thyroid disruption. The altered gene expression may be a consequence, rather than cause of obesity. Expression of dio2 and pparg was higher in juvenile O. mossambicus exposed to unfiltered compared to filtered lake water, and our data suggest fasting as causative factor. Micro-organism abundance can therefore be a confounding factor in studies applying molecular markers to test for thyroid modulation by environmental waters. Pansteatitis was not a significant source of variance in the expression of any of the genes investigated, suggesting that the disease is not associated with disrupted endocrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Truter
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J H van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - P J Oberholster
- CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - A-M Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W J Luus-Powell
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
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Olivares Rubio HF, Martínez-Torres ML, Nájera-Martínez M, Dzul-Caamal R, Domínguez-López ML, García-Latorre E, Vega-López A. Biomarkers involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response in the liver of Goodea gracilis Hubbs and Turner, 1939 exposed to the microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa LB85 strain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1113-1124. [PMID: 24639371 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Goodea gracilis is an endemic fish that only habitats in some water bodies of Central Mexico that are contaminated with cyanobacteria-producing microcystins (MC); however, a lack of information on this topic prevails. With the aim to generate the first approximation about the physiological changes elicited by cyanobacterium that produce MC congeners in this fish species, specimens born in the laboratory was exposed for 96 h to cell densities of 572.5, 1145, 2290, 4580, and 9160 × 10(6) cells of Microcystis aeruginosa strain LB85/L, and a set of novel endpoint related to hepatic gluconeogenesis (ADH/LDH) and pro-oxidant forces O2., H2 O2 ) in addition to biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant response was evaluated in the liver. Results suggest that high inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) may trigger many metabolic processes, such as those related to hepatic gluconeogenesis (ADH/LDH) and pro-oxidant O2⋅, H2 O2 , TBARS, ROOH, RC=O) as well as antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GPx) response to oxidative stress. Particularly, we observed that inhibition of LDH and PP, and H2 O2 increase and TBARS production were the key damages induced by high densities of M. aeruginosa. However, changes between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism related with ROS metabolism and ADH/LDH balance are apparently an acclimation of this fish species to exposure to cyanobacteria or their MCs. Fish species living in environments potentially contaminated with cyanobacteria or their MCs possess mechanisms of acclimation that allow them to offset the damage induced, even in the case of fish that have never been exposed to MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares Rubio
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México
| | - M Lysset Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México
| | - Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México
| | - Ethel García-Latorre
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, México, DF, México
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, CP 07839, México, DF, México
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Hu F, Pan L, Xiu M, Jin Q, Wang G, Wang C. Bioaccumulation and detoxification responses in the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:997-1007. [PMID: 25863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is currently the most widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR). In this study, the bioaccumulation of TBBPA and its consequent detoxification responses were examined in the scallop Chlamys farreri over 10 days' exposure. Chemical analysis showed that C. farreri absorbed TBBPA rapidly and an approximate steady state was achieved within 6 days. The mRNA expression levels of three important genes involved in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway were down-regulated upon TBBPA exposure. Both CYP3A and CYP4 showed time-dependent responses to TBBPA exposure. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and gene expression level, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity were increased in time- and dose-dependent manners, confirming their role in the phase II metabolism of TBBPA. The TBBPA-elicited down-regulation of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) gene was observed in all treatments. This study provides a preliminary basis for studying TBBPA detoxification mechanisms of marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Meng Xiu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Guohui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Zhang DL, Liu SY, Zhang J, Hu CX, Li DH, Liu YD. Antioxidative responses in zebrafish liver exposed to sublethal doses Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:425-432. [PMID: 25544652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae secretes paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs), termed aphantoxins, and endangers environmental and human health via eutrophication of water worldwide. Although the molecular mechanism of neuronal PSP toxicity has been well studied, several issues remain unresolved, notably the in vivo hepatic antioxidative responses to this neurotoxin. Aphantoxins extracted from a natural isolate of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography. The primary components were gonyautoxins 1 and 5 and neosaxitoxin. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were treated intraperitoneally with either 5.3 or 7.61 (low and high doses, respectively) μg saxitoxin (STX) equivalents (eq)/kg of A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. Antioxidative responses in zebrafish liver were examined at different timepoints 1-24h post-exposure. Aphantoxin administration significantly enhanced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content 1-12h post-exposure, indicative of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. By contrast, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in zebrafish liver declined significantly after 3-24h exposure, suggesting that GSH participates in MDA metabolism. A significant upregulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, suggesting that aphantoxins induce lipid peroxidation in zebrafish liver and are likely to be hepatotoxic. Hepatic levels of MDA and GSH, and of the three enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), therefore provide potential biomarkers for studying environmental exposure to aphantoxins/PSPs from cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Lu Zhang
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Si Yi Liu
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chun Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Dun Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yong Ding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Feng M, Wang X, Wang C, Qin L, Wei Z, Wang Z. Antioxidant status and Na(+), K (+)-ATPase activity in freshwater fish Carassius auratus exposed to different combustion products of Nafion 117 membrane: an integrated biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3408-3418. [PMID: 25398218 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nafion 117 membrane (N117), an important polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), has been widely applied in numerous chemical technologies. Its increasing production and utilization will inevitably lead to the problem of waste disposal, with incineration as an important method. However, toxicity data of its combustion products on aquatic organisms have been seldom reported. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the antioxidant response and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in liver of Carassius auratus exposed to different combustion products of N117 for 5, 15, and 30 days. The concentrations of fluorine ion (F(-)) in the aquaria among the exposure durations were analyzed using the ion chromatography system. The results showed that these treatments have the capability to induce oxidative stress and suppress Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, as indicated by some significant alterations on these measured toxicity end-points in fish liver. According to the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index, the toxicity intensity of these experimental treatments was tentatively ranked. Taken together, these observations provided some preliminary data on the potential toxicity of the combustion products of N117 on aquatic organisms and could fill the information gaps in the toxicity database of the current-use PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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Pham TL, Shimizu K, Dao TS, Hong-Do LC, Utsumi M. Microcystin uptake and biochemical responses in the freshwater clam Corbicula leana P. exposed to toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa: Evidence of tolerance to cyanotoxins. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:88-98. [PMID: 28962341 PMCID: PMC5598480 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the accumulation and adverse effects of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis in the edible clam Corbicula leana. Treated clams were exposed to toxic Microcystis at 100 μg of MC (microcystin)-LReq L-1 for 10 days. The experimental organism was then placed in toxin-free water and fed on non-toxic Microcystis for the following 10 days for depuration. Filtering rates (FRs) by C. leana of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis and of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as a control were estimated. Adverse effects were evaluated though the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Clam accumulated MCs (up to 12.7 ± 2.5 μg g-1 dry weight (DW) of free MC and 4.2 ± 0.6 μg g-1 DW of covalently bound MC). Our results suggest that although both toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria caused adverse effects by inducing the detoxification and antioxidant defense system, the clam was quite resistant to cyanotoxins. The estimated MC concentration in C. leana was far beyond the World Health Organization's (WHO) provisional tolerable daily intake (0.04 μg kg-1 day-1), suggesting that consuming clams harvested during cyanobacterial blooms carries a high health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Luu Pham
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Biology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Thanh-Son Dao
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lan-Chi Hong-Do
- Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 29 853 4656; fax: +81 29 853 7198.
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Weirich CA, Miller TR. Freshwater harmful algal blooms: toxins and children's health. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2014; 44:2-24. [PMID: 24439026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Massive accumulations of cyanobacteria (a.k.a. "blue-green algae"), known as freshwater harmful algal blooms (FHABs), are a common global occurrence in water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water purification. Bloom prevalence is increased due to anthropogenic changes in land use, agricultural activity, and climate change. These photosynthetic bacteria produce a range of toxic secondary metabolites that affect animals and humans at both chronic and acute dosages. Children are especially at risk because of their lower body weight, behavior, and toxic effects on development. Here we review common FHAB toxins, related clinical symptoms, acceptable concentrations in drinking water, case studies of children's and young adults' exposures to FHAB toxins through drinking water and food, methods of environmental and clinical detection in potential cases of intoxication, and best practices for FHAB prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Weirich
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Todd R Miller
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Zhang DL, Hu CX, Li DH, Liu YD. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant responses in zebrafish brain induced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 144-145:250-256. [PMID: 24189433 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a cyanobacterium that is frequently encountered in eutrophic waters worldwide. It is source of neurotoxins known as aphantoxins or paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs), which present a major threat to the environment and human health. The molecular mechanism of PSP action is known, however the in vivo effects of this neurotoxin on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense responses in zebrafish brain remain to be understood. Aphantoxins purified from a natural isolate of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The major components of the toxins were gonyautoxins 1 and 5 (GTX1 and GTX5, 34.04% and 21.28%, respectively) and neosaxitoxin (neoSTX, 12.77%). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were injected intraperitoneally with 7.73 μg/kg (low dose) and 11.13 μg/kg (high dose) of A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense responses in the zebrafish brain were investigated at various timepoints at 1-24h post-exposure. Aphantoxin exposure was associated with significantly increased (>1-2 times) reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in zebrafish brain compared with the controls at 1-12h postexposure, suggestive of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the zebrafish brain exposed to high or low doses of aphantoxins decreased by 44.88% and 41.33%, respectively, after 1-12h compared with the controls, suggesting that GSH participated in detoxification to ROS and MDA. Further analysis showed a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with the controls, suggesting elimination of oxidative stress by the antioxidant response in zebrafish brain. All these changes were dose and time dependent. These results suggested that aphantoxins or PSPs increased ROS and MDA and decreased GSH in zebrafish brain, and these changes induced oxidative stress. The increased activity of SOD, CAT and GPx demonstrated that these antioxidant enzymes could play important roles in eliminating excess ROS and MDA. These results also suggest that MDA, ROS, GSH and these three antioxidant enzymes in the brain of zebrafish may act as bioindicators for investigating A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins or PSPs and algal blooms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Lu Zhang
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, College of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Paul N, Sengupta M. Lead induced overactivation of phagocytes and variation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in intestinal macrophages of <i>Channa punctatus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2013.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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