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El-Kady MM, Ansari I, Arora C, Rai N, Soni S, Kumar Verma D, Singh P, El Din Mahmoud A. Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Toxicity, Impact, and Fate to Environment. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang L, Yin W, Shen S, Feng Y, Xu W, Sun Y, Yang Z. ZnO nanoparticles interfere with top-down effect of the protozoan paramecium on removing microcystis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119900. [PMID: 35940484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under intensive human activity, sewage discharge causes eutrophication-driven cyanobacteria blooms as well as nanomaterial pollution. In biological control of harmful cyanobacteria, top-down effect of protozoan has great potentials for removing cyanobacterial populations, degrading cyanotoxins, and improving phytoplankton community. ZnO nanoparticles as a kind of emerging contaminants have attracted increasing attention because of wide application and their high bio-toxicity effects on reducing the ingestion of aquatic animals including Paramecium, thereby possibly disturbing top-down control of cyanobacteria. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of ZnO nanoparticles at environmental-relevant concentrations on the protozoan Paramecium removing toxic Microcystis. Results showed Paramecium effectively eliminated all the Microcystis, despite exposure to ZnO nanoparticles. However, their ingestion rate was significantly reduced at more than 0.1 mg L-1 ZnO nanoparticles, thereby delaying Microcystis removal. Nevertheless, at 0.1 mg L-1 ZnO nanoparticles, the time to Microcystis extinction decreased compared to the group without ZnO nanoparticles, because Microcystis populations were reduced under this circumstance, while ingestion rate of Paramecium was unaffected. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles obviously accumulated in food vacuoles of Paramecium, and the size of nanoparticles aggregates and zinc concentrations in Paramecium were increased with ZnO nanoparticles concentrations. At the end of experiment, these food vacuoles were not dissipated. Overall, these findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles impair protozoan top-down effects through reducing Microcystis and ingestion rate as well as disturbing functions of their digestive organelles, and highlight the need to consider the interfering effects of environmental pollutants on cyanobacterial removal efficiency by protozoans in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wei Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Slomberg D, Labille J, Lammel T. Influence of TiO 2 nanocomposite UV filter surface chemistry and their interactions with organic UV filters on uptake and toxicity toward cultured fish gill cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113984. [PMID: 35988383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments have been found to be contaminated with a variety of inorganic and organic UV filters. This includes novel nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles, which have been increasingly developed and incorporated into commercial sunscreens in recent years. So far, relatively little is known about the effects of this novel class of UV filters on aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the toxicity of three such nanoparticulate TiO2 UV filters with different surface coatings, namely Eusolex® T-Avo (SiO2-coated), T-Lite™ SF (Al(OH)3/PDMS-coated), and Eusolex® T-S (Al2O3/stearic acid-coated) either alone, or in the presence of selected organic UV filters (octinoxate, avobenzone, octocrylene), toward fish using RTgill-W1 cell cultures as an in vitro experimental model. Besides standard exposure protocols, alternative approaches (i.e., exposure to water accommodated fractions (WAFs), hanging-drop exposure) were explored to account for nanoparticle (NP)-specific fate in the medium and obtain additional/complementary information on their toxicity in different conditions. The AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM and Neutral Red Retention (NR) assays were used to measure effects on different cellular endpoints. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine NP uptake. Our results showed that none of the TiO2 NP UV filters were cytotoxic at the concentrations tested (0.1-10 µg/mL; 24 h) but there were differences in their uptake by the cells. Thus, only the hydrophilic T-AVO was detected inside cells, but the hydrophobic T-Lite SF and T-S were not. In addition, our results show that the presence of NPs (or the used dispersant) tended to decrease organic UV filter toxicity. The level of combination effect depended on both NP-type (surface chemistry) and concentration, suggesting that the reduced toxicity resulted from reduced availability of the organic UV filters due to their adsorption to the NP surface. Thus, mixtures of TiO2 NP UV filters and organic UV filters may have a different toxicological profile compared to the single substances, but probably do not pose an increased hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zheng Y, Nowack B. Meta-analysis of Bioaccumulation Data for Nondissolvable Engineered Nanomaterials in Freshwater Aquatic Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1202-1214. [PMID: 35188281 PMCID: PMC9314877 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is essential for making regulatory decisions on potential environmental risks. Research in the field of ENM bioaccumulation has increased in recent years, but the compilation and statistical analysis of the available experimental data have not been updated. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the bioaccumulation of eight types of nondissolvable ENMs (titanium dioxide [TiO2 ], aluminum oxide [Al2 O3 ], gold [Au], fullerene [C60 ], carbon nanotubes, iron oxide [FeOx ], graphene, and polystyrene) in nonmammalian freshwater aquatic organisms across three trophic levels including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. Three typical endpoints were used to assess the bioaccumulation potential: the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and the biomagnification factor (BMF). Our results suggest that zooplankton has greater mean logarithmic BCF and BAF values than phytoplankton (3.31 vs. 1.42) and fish (2.04). The ENMs are biomagnified in zooplankton, with a mean BMF of 17.4, whereas trophic transfer from primary consumers (zooplankton) to secondary consumers (fish) was not observed (mean BMF of 0.13). No clear dependency was identified between the physicochemical characteristics of ENMs (e.g., primary particle size, zeta potential, or shape) and bioaccumulation, except for coated versus uncoated particles accumulated in phytoplankton. Carbonaceous ENMs were found to be more bioaccumulated than the other ENMs we considered, except for TiO2 . A meta-analysis of bioaccumulation data can (1) deepen the understanding of bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of ENMs, (2) be used to support grouping strategies as a basis for a safer-by-design approach for ENMs, (3) be integrated into comprehensive hazard and risk assessments, (4) promote the standardization of testing guidelines, and (5) enhance future kinetic bioaccumulation modeling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1202-1214. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Zheng
- Technology and Society LabSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyGallenSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Technology and Society LabSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyGallenSwitzerland
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Wang X, Han L, Hu X, Li S, Ma W, Song W. Photostability of the inclusion complex of isoamyl4-(Dimethylamino)benzoate with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bimová P, Barbieriková Z, Grenčíková A, Šípoš R, Škulcová AB, Krivjanská A, Mackuľak T. Environmental risk of nanomaterials and nanoparticles and EPR technique as an effective tool to study them-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22203-22220. [PMID: 33733403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies and different types of nanomaterials belong in present day to intensively studied materials due to their unique properties and diverse potential applications in, e.g., electronics, medicine, or display technologies. Together with the investigation of their desired beneficial properties, a need to investigate and evaluate their influence on the environment and possible harmful effects towards living organisms is growing. This review summarizes possible toxic effects of nanomaterials on environment and living organisms, focusing on the possible bioaccumulation in organisms, toxicity, and its mechanisms. The main goal of this review is to refer to potential environmental risks rising from the use of nanomaterials and the necessity to deal with the possible toxic effects considering the growing interest in the wide-scale utilization of these materials. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as the only analytical technique capable of detecting radical species enables detection, quantification, and monitoring of the generation of short-lived radicals often coupled with toxic effects of nanomaterials, which makes it an important method in the process of nanotoxicity mechanism determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bimová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Grenčíková
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Šípoš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Butor Škulcová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Krivjanská
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zheng Y, Nowack B. Size-Specific, Dynamic, Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis of Titanium Dioxide Releases into the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2392-2402. [PMID: 33541069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of the existing exposure models for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) do not consider particle size, crystalline forms, and coating materials that all may influence the material's fate, transport, and toxicity. Our work aimed to incorporate particle size distributions into a material flow analysis (MFA) to develop a size-specific, dynamic, probabilistic MFA model (ss-DPMFA). Using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a first case study, we aimed to determine the contribution of conventional TiO2 pigments to the total amount of nanoscale TiO2 released into the environment. Besides providing information on mass flows, the new model used particle size distributions and crystalline forms to describe the stocks and flows of TiO2. The most striking modeling result to emerge was that before TiO2 ENMs came onto the market as such in 2000, 22,400 tons of nanosized (<100 nm) TiO2 particles had already been released into the environment, originating from conventional TiO2 pigments. Even in 2016, 50% of the nanosized TiO2 particles released into wastewater came from the nanosized fraction of TiO2 particles in pigments. Quantitative data on the particle size distribution of TiO2 particles released into the environment can be used as input for environmental fate models. Our new ss-DPMFA model's additional insights about crystalline forms and coatings could pave the way for advanced size- and form-specific hazard and risk assessments for other nanomaterials in ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Zheng
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologies, Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Fivenson D, Sabzevari N, Qiblawi S, Blitz J, Norton BB, Norton SA. Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 2-Increasing awareness of UV filters and their potential toxicities to us and our environment. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:45-69. [PMID: 33537395 PMCID: PMC7838327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreens are topical preparations containing one or more compounds that filter, block, reflect, scatter, or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Part 2 of this review focuses on the environmental, ecological effects and human toxicities that have been attributed to UV filters. METHODS Literature review using NIH databases (eg, PubMed and Medline), FDA and EPA databases, Google Scholar, the Federal Register, and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). LIMITATIONS This was a retrospective literature review that involved many different types of studies across a variety of species. Comparison between reports is limited by variations in methodology and criteria for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro studies on the environmental and biological effects of UV filters show a wide array of unanticipated adverse effects on the environment and exposed organisms. Coral bleaching receives considerable attention from the lay press, but the scientific literature identifies potential toxicities of endocrine, neurologic, neoplastic and developmental pathways. These effects harm a vast array of aquatic and marine biota, while almost no data supports human toxicity at currently used quantities (with the exception of contact allergy). Much of these data are from experimental studies or field observations; more controlled environmental studies and long-term human use data are limited. Several jurisdictions have prohibited specific UV filters, but this does not adequately address the dichotomy of the benefits of photoprotection vs lack of eco-friendly, safe, and FDA-approved alternatives.
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Key Words
- 4-MBC, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor
- AAD, American Academy of Dermatology
- Aquatic organism toxicity of UV filters
- BP-3, Benzophenone-3 or Oxybenzone
- Bioaccumulation
- CDER, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (part of FDA)
- Coral bleaching
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- Europa, European Union Commission for Public Health
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBRMPA, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
- GRASE, Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective
- Human toxicity of UV filters
- NDA, New drug application
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NanoTiO2, Nanoparticle titanium dioxide
- Nanoparticle toxicity
- OC, Octocrylene
- OMC, Octyl methoxycinnamate or octinoxate
- OTC, Over-the-counter
- PABA, Para-aminobenzoic acid
- PCPC, Personal care products and cosmetics
- PPCP, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
- Sunscreen side effects
- TiO2, Titanium dioxide
- UV filter
- UV, Ultraviolet
- UVF, Ultraviolet filter
- WWTP, Wastewater treatment plant
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fivenson
- Fivenson Dermatology, 3200 W. Liberty Rd., Suite C5, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States
- St. Joseph Mercy Health System Ann Arbor-Dermatology Residency Program, United States
| | - Nina Sabzevari
- St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Dermatology Resident, 5333 McAuley Drive, Suite 5003, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, United States
| | - Sultan Qiblawi
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 965 Fee Rd A110, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Jason Blitz
- Navy Region Hawaii Public Health Emergency Officer (PHEO) NMRTC, 480 Central Avenue, Code DPH, Pearl Harbor Hawaii JBPHH, HI 96860-4908, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Norton
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Scott A. Norton
- Dermatology Division, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
- Dermatology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Cunha RLDD, de Brito-Gitirana L. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the intestine, liver, and kidney of Danio rerio. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111032. [PMID: 32745774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Np-TiO2) have become the common component of sunscreen cosmetic products. Np-TiO2 can affect especially aquatic ecosystems health, including aquatic organisms such as fish. It is therefore necessary to acquire a better understanding of the effect of Np-TiO2 on aquatic organisms. This study evaluated the biological effects of Np-TiO2 on Danio rerio, such as survival rate and weight change and, in particular, the Ti content or retention in the intestine and liver, as well as the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. In addition, the structure of the intestine, kidney, and liver was investigated through histological analysis. Ninety zebrafish were used, randomly divided into three treatment-groups: a control group (fed with food without adding Np-TiO2) and two groups of fish fed with food containing Np-TiO2 exposed for 7 and 14 days. The amount of Ti in the liver and intestine was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry coupled to a graphite furnace (GFAAS). Morphological analysis and enzyme catalase and superoxide dismutase assays were likewise performed. Ti was detected in all fish even in control group; probably Ti must have been introduced during production by the fish food industry. Structural changes were detected in fish fed with Np-TiO2 as vacuolization and disruption of the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells that covered the intestinal villi. Although kidney morphology appeared intact, the lumen of the proximal tubule was enlarged, and the cells of the distal tubule were vacuolated. No morphological changes in the liver were detected; however, superoxide dismutase activity decreased, suggesting that liver changes occurred at the molecular level. Thus, Np-TiO2 causes morphological changes in the intestine, kidney, and liver of zebrafish and biochemical changes in the liver exposed for 7 and 14 days. Although not highly lethal, Np-TiO2 in the food chain can interfere with the morphophysiology of aquatic organisms. Neither mortalities nor body weight losses were recorded among fish in all groups over the duration of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Luiza Dias da Cunha
- Laboratório de Histologia Integrativa, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Lycia de Brito-Gitirana
- Laboratório de Histologia Integrativa, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
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Baskar K, Chinnasamy R, Pandy K, Venkatesan M, Sebastian PJ, Subban M, Thomas A, Kweka EJ, Devarajan N. Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05331. [PMID: 33150212 PMCID: PMC7599128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes biolarvicides remain the most important method for mosquito control. The previous studies have shown Aspergillus sp.-expressed larvicidal properties against mosquito species. The present study evaluated larvicidal and histopathological effect of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus tamarii isolated from theCactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill). METHOD The molecular identification of isolated A. tamarii was done by PCR amplification (5.8s rDNA) using a universal primer (ITS-1 and ITS-2). The secondary metabolites of A. tamarii was tested for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay of different concentrations (- 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) isolated extracts were done according to the modified protocol. Each test included a set of control groups (i.e. DMSO and distilled water). The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated by probit analysis. Experimental monitoring duration was 48 h. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract from A. tamarii fungus resulted - excellent mosquitocidal effect against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with least LC50 and LC90 values. -After 48 h, the Ae. aegypti expressed better results (LC50 = 29.10, 18.69, 16.76, 36.78 μg/mL and the LC90 = 45.59, 27.66, 27.50, 54.00 μg/mL) followed by Cx. quinquefaciatus (LC50 = 3.23, 24.99, 11.24, 10.95 μg/mL and the LC90 = 8.37, 8.29, 21.36, 20.28 μg/mL). The biochemical level of A. tamarii mycelium extract on both larvae was measured and the results shown a dose dependent activity on the level of AchE, α- and β-carboxylesterase assay. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of A. tamarii extract reflected three compounds i.e. preg-4-en-3-one, 17. α-hydroxy-17. β-cyano- (7.39%), trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne (45.77%) and pentane, 1,1,1,5-tetrachloro- (32.16%) which which might had attributed to larvae mortality. CONCLUSION The findings of - present study shows that the use of endophytic A. tamarii fungal metabolites for control of dengue and filariasis vectors is promising and needs a semifield and small scale filed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Baskar
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ragavendran Chinnasamy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Pandy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Joy Sebastian
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Subban
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Eliningaya J. Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Mosquito Section, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Natarajan Devarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wu F, Hicks AL. Estimating human exposure to titanium dioxide from personal care products through a social survey approach. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:10-16. [PMID: 31350944 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) has been widely applied in personal care products (PCPs), with up to 36% of TiO2 in PCPs is present at the nanoscale. Due to the large quantity produced and the wide application of TiO2 , there is a great potential for human exposure through various routes and therefore a great potential to elicit adverse impacts. This work utilizes a social survey to generate information and estimate TiO2 (bulk and nanoparticle [NP]) exposure to individuals through the daily use of PCPs. Households in the Madison, Wisconsin, USA metropolitan area were surveyed about their PCP usage. Survey results were then combined with usage patterns and TiO2 content in each PCP category to estimate human exposures. Results indicate sunscreen and toothpaste are major contributors to TiO2 dermal exposure. The estimated daily dermal route of exposure ranges from 2.8 to 21.4 mg TiO2 per person per day. Toothpaste has the potential to be ingested though the oral route; 0.15 to 3.9 mg TiO2 per day were estimated to be ingested when 10% toothpaste ingestion was assumed. The results generated in the present case study are generalizable in predicting individual TiO2 exposure from PCPs when the usage pattern is available. In addition, this study can be further used for risk assessment and to refine the use of TiO2 in PCPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1-7. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrea L Hicks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kong H, Wu F, Jiang X, Wang T, Hu M, Chen J, Huang W, Bao Y, Wang Y. Nano-TiO 2 impairs digestive enzyme activities of marine mussels under ocean acidification. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124561. [PMID: 31549663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology and increased nanomaterial application, TiO2 nanoparticles have been released into the aquatic environment, causing potential ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms. Ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic CO2 is one of the most common environmental stressors, occurring simultaneously with marine contaminants, e.g., nanoparticles. Marine bivalves can accumulate nanoparticles and their digestive functions may be affected. In this study, we investigated the potential influences of TiO2 nanoparticles on the digestive enzyme activities of marine mussels Mytilus coruscus under ocean acidification. Mussels were exposed to combined treatments with three concentrations of nano-TiO2 (0, 2.5, 10 mg/L) and two pH values (8.1, 7.3) for 14 days, and then recovered under ambient condition (pH 8.1 and no nanoparticle) for 7 days. Samples were taken on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st day, the digestive enzymes, including amylase, pepsin, trypsin, lipase, and lysozyme, were investigated. Our results showed that nano-TiO2 and low pH had negative effects on amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and lipase, while both of them led an increase in lysozyme activity. Nano-TiO2 showed greater effects on the digestive capacity of M. coruscus rather than low pH. Moreover, a recovery period of 7 days was not sufficient for these enzymes to fully recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fangli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Qin S, Li Y, Wu G, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Lyu K, Chen Y, Yang Z. Combined effects of ZnO nanoparticles and toxic Microcystis on life-history traits of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:482-492. [PMID: 31181495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rise in cyanobacterial blooms and massive discharge of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic ecosystems cause zooplankton to be exposed in toxic food and NPs simultaneously, which may impact on zooplankton interactively. Therefore, the present study focused on assessing the combined effects of different ZnO NPs levels (0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mg L-1) and different proportions of toxic Microcystis (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) in the food on a model zooplankton, Daphnia magna. The results showed that both toxic Microcystis and ZnO NPs significantly delayed the development of D. magna to maturation, but there was no significant interaction between the two factors on the times to maturation except the body length at maturation. Both ZnO NPs and toxic Microcystis also significantly decreased the number of neonates in the first brood, total offspring, and number of broods per female, and there was a significant interaction between ZnO NPs and food composition on the reproductive performance of D. magna. Specifically, presence of toxic Microcystis reduced the gap among the effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations on the reproductive performance of D. magna. When the ZnO NPs concentration was at 0.15 mg L-1, the gap of the reproductive performance among different proportions of toxic Microcystis also tended to be narrow. Similar phenomenon also occurred in mortality. Such results suggested that low concentration of ZnO NPs and toxic Microcystis can mutually attenuate their harmful effects on D. magna, which has significantly implications in appropriately assessing the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pollutants in a complex food conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurou Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangjin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Da Silva GH, Clemente Z, Khan LU, Coa F, Neto LLR, Carvalho HWP, Castro VL, Martinez DST, Monteiro RTR. Toxicity assessment of TiO 2-MWCNT nanohybrid material with enhanced photocatalytic activity on Danio rerio (Zebrafish) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:136-143. [PMID: 30195205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and use of nanomaterials is causing serious concerns about their safety to human and environmental health. However, the applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) hybrids has grown considerably, due to their enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. To our knowledge, there are no reports available to the scientific community about their toxicity. In this work, we perform a toxicity assessment of TiO2NP and TiO2-MWCNT nanohybrid materials using Zebrafish embryos standardized 96 h early life stage assay, under different exposure conditions (with and without UV light exposure). After exposure the parameters assessed were acute toxicity, hatching rate, growth, yolk sac size, and sarcomere length. In addition, μ-probe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF) was employed to observe if nanoparticles were uptaken by zebrafish embryos and consequently accumulated in their organisms. Neither TiO2NP nor TiO2-MWCNT nanohybrids presented acute toxicity to the zebrafish embryos. Moreover, TiO2NP presents sublethal effects for total length (with and without UV light exposure) on the embryos. This work contributes to the understanding of the potential adverse effects of the emerging nanohybrid materials towards safe innovation approaches in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela H Da Silva
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Zaira Clemente
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Latif U Khan
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Coa
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais L R Neto
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson W P Carvalho
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L Castro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, EMBRAPA Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Regina T R Monteiro
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Samaee SM, Manteghi N, Yokel RA, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Morphometric characteristics and time to hatch as efficacious indicators for potential nanotoxicity assay in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:3063-3076. [PMID: 30183097 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nano-sized titania (nTiO2 ) on hatching events (change in hatching time and total hatching) in zebrafish have been reported, additional consequences of nTiO2 exposure (i.e., the effects of nTiO2 -induced changes in hatching events and morphometric parameters on embryo-larvae development and survivability) have not been reported. To address this knowledge gap, embryos 4 h postfertilization were exposed to nTiO2 (0, 0.01, 10, and 1000 μg/mL) for 220 h. Hatching rate (58, 82, and 106 h postexposure [hpe]), survival rate (8 times from 34 to 202 hpe), and 21 morphometric characteristics (8 times from 34 to 202 hpe) were recorded. Total hatching (rate at 106 hpe) was significantly and positively correlated to survival rate, but there was no direct association between nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time (hatching rate at 58 and 82 hpe) and survival rate. At 58, 82, and 106 hpe, morphometric characteristics were significantly correlated to hatching rate, suggesting that the nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time can affect larval development. The morphometric characteristics that were associated with change in hatching time were also significantly correlated to survival rate, suggesting an indirect significant influence of the nTiO2 -induced change in hatching time on survivability. These results show a significant influence of nTiO2 -induced change in hatching events on zebrafish embryo-larvae development and survivability. They also show that morphometric maldevelopments can predict later-in-life consequences (survivability) of an embryonic exposure to nTiO2 . This suggests that zebrafish can be sensitive biological predictors of nTiO2 acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3063-3076. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mohammadreza Samaee
- Aquatic Lab, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Manteghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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16
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Fan W, Lu H, Wang WX. Aging Influences on the Biokinetics of Functional TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Different Surface Chemistries in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7901-7909. [PMID: 29920079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles functionalized with various surface capping moieties are now widely used in different fields, thus there is a major need to understand the behavior and fate of these nanoparticles in the environment. The present study investigated the biokinetics of fresh titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) or TiO2 NPs aged under artificial sunlight (16 h light: 8 h dark) for 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively. Two commercial functionalized TiO2 NPs (with SiO2 coating or SiO2 and polydimethylsiloxane coating) were employed in this study. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle (CA) measurements demonstrated that the surface properties had changed due to the degradation during aging. The biokinetic parameters including dissolved uptake and depuration rate constant as well as bioconcentration factors were calculated by a biokinetic model. All the biokinetic parameters were significantly dependent on the aging process. Further data analysis showed that the CA of the TiO2 NPs affected the uptake rate constant and the fast compartmental efflux, and both CA and hydrodynamic diameter affected the fast compartmental efflux. These results were due to the changes of corresponding indexes during the aging process. Our work highlighted the necessity of monitoring the physicochemical indexes of functionalized NPs during aging in evaluation of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Huiting Lu
- School of Space and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
- Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Marine Environmental Laboratory , HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
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17
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Wu F, Bortvedt A, Harper BJ, Crandon LE, Harper SL. Uptake and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles to Daphnia magna varies between indirect dietary and direct waterborne exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:78-86. [PMID: 28697458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Research examining the direct and indirect ecological effects of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems is important for developing a more realistic understanding of the environmental implications of nanotechnology. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are being used extensively in many industries but are considered highly toxic to aquatic species residing in surface waters. Few studies have addressed whether CuO NPs can be transferred through the aquatic food chain, and if such indirect exposure to nanomaterials impacts their toxicity. We investigated the uptake and trophic transfer of CuO NPs from the algae Chlorella vulgaris to the crustacean Daphnia magna and assessed bio-partitioning and resulting toxicity. We hypothesized that CuO NPs can be associated with algal cells and be transported to predators through feeding, and that the chronic toxicity can be altered in comparison to direct CuO NP exposure. For the indirect feeding exposure, algae pre-incubated with CuO NPs (Cu-algae) were washed to remove loose NPs and fed to D. magna while Cu uptake and toxicity were evaluated. For the direct waterborne exposures, a parallel group of D. magna were exposed to equivalent concentrations of CuO NPs while being fed unexposed algae. Using hyperspectral imaging we observed strong surface associations between pre-incubated CuO NPs and algae used in the feeding exposure, and quantified the average Cu content (0.15mg Cu/L) with ICP-OES. Cu accumulated in daphnid bodies to a greater extent in direct exposures, whereas molted carapaces and neonate offspring had more copper following the indirect feeding exposure, implying that D. magna may regulate internal Cu differently depending on the method of CuO NP delivery. Significantly higher D. magna mortality was observed following direct exposure relative to feeding exposure, and neonate production from adult daphnids exposed indirectly to CuO NPs was significantly reduced. Thus, nanoparticle interaction with biota at one trophic level may alter the biological response at the next trophic level in a way that is dependent on the delivery scenario. This study highlights the importance of evaluating potential ecological impacts of nanomaterials in more relevant, complex exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
| | - Amy Bortvedt
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
| | - Bryan J Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
| | - Lauren E Crandon
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
| | - Stacey L Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States; Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, OR, United States.
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18
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Bour A, Mouchet F, Cadarsi S, Silvestre J, Baqué D, Gauthier L, Pinelli E. CeO 2 nanoparticle fate in environmental conditions and toxicity on a freshwater predator species: a microcosm study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17081-17089. [PMID: 28585007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the fate and toxicity of two types of CeO2 NPs (bare or citrate-coated) in environmentally relevant conditions, using large indoor microcosms. Long-term exposure was carried out on a three-leveled freshwater trophic chain, comprising microbial communities as primary producers, chironomid larvae as primary consumers, and amphibian larvae as secondary consumers. Whereas coated NPs preferentially sedimented, bare NPs were mainly found in the water column. However, mass balance indicated low recovery (51.5%) for bare NPs, indicating possible NP loss, against 98.8% of recovery for coated NPs. NPs were rather chemically stable, with less than 4% of dissolution. Chironomid larvae ingested large amounts of NPs and were vectors of contamination for amphibian larvae. Although bioaccumulation in amphibian larvae was important (9.47 and 9.74 mg/kg for bare and coated NPs, respectively), no biomagnification occurred through the trophic chain. Finally, significant genotoxicity was observed in amphibian larvae, bare CeO2 NPs being more toxic than citrate-coated NPs. ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Bour
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Florence Mouchet
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Stéphanie Cadarsi
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Silvestre
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - David Baqué
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix-en-Provence, France
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Zhou Y, Wang F, Wan J, He J, Li Q, Gao J, Lin Y, Zhang S. Ecotoxicological bioassays of sediment leachates in a river bed flanked by decommissioned pesticide plants in Nantong City, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8541-8550. [PMID: 28191618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the toxicity of river contaminants is analyzed chemically or physically through river bed sediments. The biotoxicity of polluted sediment leachates has not caught our attention. This study aims to overcome this deficiency through a battery of biotests which were conducted to monitor comprehensive toxicity of sediment leachates for the Yaogang River in East Jiangsu Province of China, which is in close proximity to former pesticide plants. The general physical and chemical parameters of major pollutants were analyzed from river bed sediments collected at five strategic locations. The ecotoxicity analyses undertaken include overall fish (adult zebrafish) acute toxicity, luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) bioassay, and zebrafish embryo toxicity assay. Compared with the control group, sediment leachates increased the lethality, inhibited the embryos hatching and induced development abnormalities of zebrafish embryos, and inhibited the luminescence of V. fischeri. The results show that sediment leachates may assume various toxic effects, depending on the test organism. This diverse toxicity to aquatic organisms reflects their different sensitivity to sediment leachates. It is found clearly that V. fischeri was the organism which was characterized by the highest sensitivity to the sediment leachates. The complicated toxicity of leachates was not caused by one single factor but by multiple pollutants together. This indicates the need of estimations of sediment leachate not only taking into account chemical detection but also of applying the biotests to the problem. Thus, multigroup bioassays are necessary to realistically evaluate river ecological risks imposed by leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinzhong Wan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China
| | - Jay Gao
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yusuo Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtian Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC), Nanjing, China.
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20
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Chae Y, Kim SW, An YJ. In vivo visual evaluation of nanoparticle transfer in a three-species terrestrial food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:101-7. [PMID: 26933900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used, and they present the risk of being introduced into food webs. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicological effects of NPs in the aquatic and freshwater environments and their transfer to upper-level trophic organisms. However, information on the transfer and consequent effects of NPs on soil invertebrates is still limited. In this study, we assessed the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) through a three-species terrestrial food chain that consisted of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the collembolan Folsomia candida, and the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare, as well as their biodistribution in vital organs using fluorescence analytical techniques. To visualize QD incorporation and biodistribution in F. candida, longitudinal and transversal sections were observed after short-term (3 d) and long-term (12 d) feeding with QD-treated yeast. QDs were located only in the intestine of F. candida and excreted within 1-2 d. QDs were also transferred to the pill bug by feeding, and remained in its intestine. This study showed the transfer of NPs through a model terrestrial food chain and indicated the potential hazards of released NPs for organisms at different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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21
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Sheng L, Wang L, Su M, Zhao X, Hu R, Yu X, Hong J, Liu D, Xu B, Zhu Y, Wang H, Hong F. Mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:163-175. [PMID: 25059219 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used historically for evaluating the toxicity of environmental and aqueous toxicants, and there is an emerging literature reporting toxic effects of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) in zebrafish embryos. Few researches, however, are focused on the neurotoxicity on adult zebrafish after subchronic exposure to TiO2 NPs. This study was designed to evaluate the morphological changes, alterations of neurochemical contents, and expressions of memory behavior-related genes in zebrafish brains caused by exposures to 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/L TiO2 NPs for 45 consecutive days. Our data indicated that spatial recognition memory and levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were significantly decreased and NO levels were markedly elevated, and over proliferation of glial cells, neuron apoptosis, and TiO2 NP aggregation were observed after low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs significantly activated expressions of C-fos, C-jun, and BDNF genes, and suppressed expressions of p38, NGF, CREB, NR1, NR2ab, and GluR2 genes. These findings imply that low dose exposures of TiO2 NPs may result in the brain damages in zebrafish, provide a developmental basis for evaluating the neurotoxicity of subchronic exposure, and raise the caution of aquatic application of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Libary of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Mingyu Su
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Suzhou Environmental Monitor Center, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunting Zhu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Han Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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22
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Jovanović B, Whitley EM, Kimura K, Crumpton A, Palić D. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance mortality of fish exposed to bacterial pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:153-164. [PMID: 25884347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nano-TiO2 is immunotoxic to fish and reduces the bactericidal function of fish neutrophils. Here, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to low and high environmentally relevant concentration of nano-TiO2 (2 ng g(-1) and 10 μg g(-1) body weight, respectively), and were challenged with common fish bacterial pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila or Edwardsiella ictaluri. Pre-exposure to nano-TiO2 significantly increased fish mortality during bacterial challenge. Nano-TiO2 concentrated in the kidney and spleen. Phagocytosis assay demonstrated that nano-TiO2 has the ability to diminish neutrophil phagocytosis of A. hydrophila. Fish injected with TiO2 nanoparticles displayed significant histopathology when compared to control fish. The interplay between nanoparticle exposure, immune system, histopathology, and infectious disease pathogenesis in any animal model has not been described before. By modulating fish immune responses and interfering with resistance to bacterial pathogens, manufactured nano-TiO2 has the potential to affect fish survival in a disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Kayoko Kimura
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Adam Crumpton
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dušan Palić
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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23
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Cary L, Pauwels H, Ollivier P, Picot G, Leroy P, Mougin B, Braibant G, Labille J. Evidence for TiO2 nanoparticle transfer in a hard-rock aquifer. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 179:148-159. [PMID: 26140852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water flow and TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) transfer in a fractured hard-rock aquifer were studied in a tracer test experiment at a pilot site in Brittany, France. Results from the Br tracer test show that the schist aquifer can be represented by a two-layer medium comprising i) fractures with low longitudinal dispersivity in which water and solute transport is relatively fast, and ii) a network of small fissures with high longitudinal dispersivity in which transport is slower. Although a large amount of NPs was retained within the aquifer, a significant TiO2 concentration was measured in a well 15m downstream of the NP injection well, clearly confirming the potential for TiO2 NPs to be transported in groundwater. The Ti concentration profile in the downstream well was modelled using a two-layer medium approach. The delay used for the TiO2 NPs simulation compared to the Br concentration profiles in the downstream well indicate that the aggregated TiO2 NPs interacted with the rock. Unlike Br, NPs do not penetrate the entire pore network during transfer because of electrostatic interactions between NP aggregates and the rock and also to the aggregate size and the hydrodynamic conditions, especially where the porosity is very low; NPs with a weak negative charge can be attached onto the rock surface, and more particularly onto the positively charged iron oxyhydroxides coating the main pathways due to natural denitrification. Nevertheless, TiO2 NPs are mobile and transfer within fracture and fissure media. Any modification of the aquifer's chemical conditions is likely to impact the groundwater pH and, the nitrate content and the denitrification process, and thus affect NP aggregation and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Cary
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 6009, 45060 Orléans, France.
| | - Hélène Pauwels
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 6009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Leroy
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 6009, 45060 Orléans, France
| | - Bruno Mougin
- BRGM Service Géologique Régional Bretagne, 2 rue de Jouanet, 35700 Rennes, France
| | | | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM 34, Aix-en-Provence 13545, France
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24
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Samaee SM, Rabbani S, Jovanović B, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Haghpanah V. Efficacy of the hatching event in assessing the embryo toxicity of the nano-sized TiO₂ particles in zebrafish: a comparison between two different classes of hatching-derived variables. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:121-128. [PMID: 25795996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nano-TiO2 toxicity to zebrafish embryos through evaluating the success in hatching in relationship with hours post-exposure instead of considering just the total hatching rate. Zebrafish embryos 4h post-fertilization were exposed to nTiO2 (0, 0.01, 10, and 1000 µg mL(-1)) for 130 h. The hatching rate (HR) was calculated for each concentration (treatment). The HR magnitude was significantly (p<0.001) correlated (using simple regression) to hours post-exposure time interval (hpe; 34, 58, 82, 106, and 130), noted as HR.hpe. The HR descriptive statistics (HRds) and the parameters of the regression models (i.e., constant, x, F, and r(2)) were recruited to define 15 HRds- and 4 h.hpe-derived variables, respectively. The efficacy of the variables was evaluated. Exposure to nTiO2 led to a significant: premature hatching and general decrease in time required for normal hatching; and change in HR and hpe interrelations in a dose-dependent manner. The major change in hatchability between the treatment and control occurred at 58 hpe (62 hpf), when the treatment with nTiO2 induced significant premature hatching compared to only 6% of the hatched embryos in the control at the same time point. EC10 and EC50 values that cause premature hatching at 58 hpe for nTiO2 are 0.073 µg mL(-1) and 107.2 µg mL(-1) respectively. In general(,) this study shows multivariate differences among exposure concentrations of nTiO2 recruiting hatching-derived endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14114-13137, Iran
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25
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Jovanović B. Critical review of public health regulations of titanium dioxide, a human food additive. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 11:10-20. [PMID: 25091211 PMCID: PMC4309481 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
From 1916 to 2011, an estimated total of 165050000 metric tons of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) pigment were produced worldwide. Current safety regulations on the usage of the TiO2 pigment as an inactive ingredient additive in human food are based on legislation from 1969 and are arguably outdated. This article compiles new research results to provide fresh data for potential risk reassessment. However, even after 45 years, few scientific research reports have provided truly reliable data. For example, administration of very high doses of TiO2 is not relevant to daily human uptake. Nevertheless, because dose makes the poison, the literature provides a valuable source for understanding potential TiO2 toxicity after oral ingestion. Numerous scientific articles have observed that TiO2 can pass and be absorbed by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract; can bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in the tissues of mammals and other vertebrates; has a very limited elimination rate; and can cause histopathological and physiological changes in various organs of animals. Such action is contrary to the 1969 decision to approve the use of TiO2 as an inactive ingredient in human food without an established acceptable daily intake, stating that neither significant absorption nor tissue storage following ingestion of TiO2 was possible. Thus, relevant governmental agencies should reassess the safety of TiO2 as an additive in human food and consider establishing an acceptable maximum daily intake as a precautionary measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jovanović
- Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMunich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMunich, Germany
- Visiting Scientist, Department of Biology, Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara, Turkey
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26
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Abstract
Since several years nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by industries and used in several fields of activities. They are finally found in aquatic and terrestrial environments, where they are ingested by living organisms in which they accumulate, before being eliminated. In organisms, NPs represent foreign elements with their own physicochemical properties due to their small size. So NPs may interfere with the normal physiological mechanisms of the embryos, growing animals, and adults, and it is indispensable to understand their potentially direct or indirect harmful effects on living organisms. It has been already shown that NPs could be toxic to bacteria, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. In this review, several examples of recent studies are given. We will examine successively the effects of NPs on terrestrial and semiaquatic and aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
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27
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Bour A, Mouchet F, Silvestre J, Gauthier L, Pinelli E. Environmentally relevant approaches to assess nanoparticles ecotoxicity: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:764-777. [PMID: 25464320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), there is a lack of knowledge about their environmental fate and ecotoxicity. Studies in environmentally relevant conditions are necessary to better assess these parameters, but such studies are rather rare. The present work represents first time that studies on engineered NPs using environmentally relevant exposure methods have been reviewed. These exposure methods differ from standardized protocols and can be classified into three groups: experimental trophic chains that allow study of the trophic route, multi-species exposures under laboratory conditions that allow for complex but controlled exposure and outdoor exposures that are more similar to environmentally realistic conditions. The majority of studies of micro- or mesocosms have focused on NP partitioning and bioaccumulation. The other major parameter that has been studied is NP ecotoxicity, which has been assessed in single species, in single species via the trophic route, and at the community level. The induction of biochemical defense systems, immunomodulation, effects on growth and reproduction, behavioral alterations and mortality have been used as indicators of major toxicity, depending on the species studied. The major effects of NPs on both microbial and algal communities include modifications of community compositions and diversities, decreased biomass and changes in community activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Bour
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jérôme Silvestre
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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28
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Wu L, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Zhang H. Toxicity of urban highway runoff in Shanghai to Zebrafish (Danio rerio ) embryos and luminous bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis.Q67). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2663-76. [PMID: 24122161 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from urban highway runoff has been identified as one of the major causes of the deterioration of receiving water quality. The purpose of this study is to assess the toxicity of urban storm water samples in Shanghai using the zebrafish (Danio rerio ) embryo test and the bacterial luminescence (Vibrio qinghaiensis ) assay. The toxicity of highway runoff from seventeen storm events was investigated in both grab and composite samples. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to the runoff samples and development parameters including lethality, spontaneous movements in 20 s, heart beat rate, hatching rate, and abnormality of zebrafish embryos were observed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. Inhibition rates of luminescence intensity were also recorded. The results showed that in the zebrafish embryo toxicity tests, both grab and composite samples increased the lethality, reduced the percentage with spontaneous movements and heart beats, inhibited the hatching of embryos, and induced morphological abnormalities. In the Vibrio qinghaiensis toxicity test, all the grab samples inhibited the luminescence, while some of the composite samples promoted it, which indicated that different types of toxicants might have been affecting the species. The multivariate statistics analysis indicated that heavy metal (zinc, manganese, and copper) and PAHs might mainly contribute to the toxicity of runoff samples.
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29
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Wiecinski PN, Metz KM, King Heiden TC, Louis KM, Mangham AN, Hamers RJ, Heideman W, Peterson RE, Pedersen JA. Toxicity of oxidatively degraded quantum dots to developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9132-9. [PMID: 23815598 PMCID: PMC3952569 DOI: 10.1021/es304987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Once released into the environment, engineered nanoparticles (eNPs) are subjected to processes that may alter their physical or chemical properties, potentially altering their toxicity vis-à-vis the as-synthesized materials. We examined the toxicity to zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos of CdSecore/ZnSshell quantum dots (QDs) before and after exposure to an in vitro chemical model designed to simulate oxidative weathering in soil environments based on a reductant-driven Fenton's reaction. Exposure to these oxidative conditions resulted in severe degradation of the QDs: the Zn shell eroded, Cd(2+) and selenium were released, and amorphous Se-containing aggregates were formed. Products of QD weathering exhibited higher potency than did as-synthesized QDs. Morphological endpoints of toxicity included pericardial, ocular and yolk sac edema, nondepleted yolk, spinal curvature, tail malformations, and craniofacial malformations. To better understand the selenium-like toxicity observed in QD exposures, we examined the toxicity of selenite, selenate, and amorphous selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Selenite exposures resulted in high mortality to embryos/larvae while selenate and SeNPs were nontoxic. Co-exposures to SeNPs + CdCl2 resulted in dramatic increase in mortality and recapitulated the morphological endpoints of toxicity observed with exposure to products of QD weathering. Cadmium body burden was increased in larvae exposed to weathered QDs or SeNP + CdCl2 suggesting the increased potency of products of QD weathering was due to selenium modulation of cadmium toxicity. Our findings highlight the need to examine the toxicity of eNPs after they have undergone environmental weathering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N. Wiecinski
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kevin M. Metz
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Tisha C. King Heiden
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kacie M. Louis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Andrew N. Mangham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Warren Heideman
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Richard E. Peterson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joel A. Pedersen
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53706
- Corresponding author: tel: (608) 263-4971; fax: (608) 265-2595;
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