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Sun X, Gu R, Bai J. Differentiation and regulation of CD4 + T cell subsets in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:352. [PMID: 39153043 PMCID: PMC11335276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its hallmark pathological features are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). It has been shown that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged in PD patients, and a large number of infiltrating T cells and inflammatory cytokines have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma of PD patients and PD animal models, including significant change in the number and proportion of different CD4+ T cell subsets. This suggests that the neuroinflammatory response caused by CD4+ T cells is an important risk factor for the development of PD. Here, we systematically review the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets, and focus on describing the functions and mechanisms of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in PD. We also summarize the current immunotherapy targeting CD4+ T cells with a view to providing assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rou Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China.
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2
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Luo N, Gao X, Ye C, Wang L, Tang L, Xie Y, Wang E. Establishment and validation of a risk prediction model for delayed neurocognitive recovery associated with cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring. Perioper Med (Lond) 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 39014493 PMCID: PMC11253552 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-024-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) is a common complication in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, and there are currently no effective therapies. It is vital to provide a reliable basis for clinical prediction. This study tried to analyse the risk factors for DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery and to establish a risk prediction model. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and DNR status of patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2018 to July 2020 was conducted. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the related risk factors for DNR post-operatively, and the predictive model of DNR post-operatively was constructed and validated internally. Patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery between January and July 2021 were also selected for external validation of the predictive model, to ultimately investigate the risk factors for DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. RESULTS The incidence of DNR in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery was 15.2% (31/204). The maximum variability of cerebral oxygen, age, education, and pre-existing diabetes was related to the incidence of DNR (p < 0.05). The risk prediction model of DNR after laparoscopic colorectal surgery was established. The internal and external validation showed that the discrimination was good (the AUCs were 0.751 and 0.694, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The risk prediction model of DNR related to cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring shows good predictive performance and clinical value, providing a basis for postoperative DNR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yongqiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Sarb OF, Sarb AD, Iacobescu M, Vlad IM, Milaciu MV, Ciurmarnean L, Vacaras V, Tantau AI. From Gut to Brain: Uncovering Potential Serum Biomarkers Connecting Inflammatory Bowel Diseases to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5676. [PMID: 38891863 PMCID: PMC11171869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation due to abnormal immune responses to gut microflora. The gut-brain axis is disrupted in IBDs, leading to neurobiological imbalances and affective symptoms. Systemic inflammation in IBDs affects the brain's inflammatory response system, hormonal axis, and blood-brain barrier integrity, influencing the gut microbiota. This review aims to explore the association between dysregulations in the gut-brain axis, serum biomarkers, and the development of cognitive disorders. Studies suggest a potential association between IBDs and the development of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms include systemic inflammation, nutritional deficiency, GBA dysfunction, and the effect of genetics and comorbidities. The objective is to identify potential correlations and propose future research directions to understand the impact of altered microbiomes and intestinal barrier functions on neurodegeneration. Serum levels of vitamins, inflammatory and neuronal damage biomarkers, and neuronal growth factors have been investigated for their potential to predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases, but current results are inconclusive and require more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviu-Florentiu Sarb
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Adriana-Daniela Sarb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Iacobescu
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Irina-Maria Vlad
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Mircea-Vasile Milaciu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Lorena Ciurmarnean
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.-F.S.); (I.-M.V.)
| | - Alina-Ioana Tantau
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-V.M.); (L.C.); (A.-I.T.)
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Nóbrega AHL, Pimentel RS, Prado AP, Garcia J, Frozza RL, Bernardi A. Neuroinflammation in Glioblastoma: The Role of the Microenvironment in Tumour Progression. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:579-594. [PMID: 38310461 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096265849231031101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the most aggressive and lethal among the main types of primary brain tumors. It exhibits malignant growth, infiltrating the brain tissue, and displaying resistance toward treatment. GBM is a complex disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity. During tumour growth, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells, infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and contribute extensively to gliomagenesis. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the most numerous nonneoplastic populations in the tumour microenvironment in GBM. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumour microenvironment, which mostly induces tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumour immune evasion, contributing to tumour progression. Additionally, TAMs and astrocytes can contribute to tumour progression through the release of cytokines and activation of signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of the microenvironment in GBM progression, focusing on neuroinflammation. These recent advancements in research of the microenvironment hold the potential to offer a promising approach to the treatment of GBM in the coming times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sampaio Pimentel
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Prado
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Garcia
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Luiz Frozza
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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Generoso JS, Faller CJ, Collodel A, Catalão CHR, Dominguini D, Petronilho F, Barichello T, Giridharan VV. NLRP3 Activation Contributes to Memory Impairment in an Experimental Model of Pneumococcal Meningitis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:239-251. [PMID: 37603152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is considered a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates. In response to the infection, signaling cascades, producing pro-inflammatory mediators trigger an exacerbated host immune response. Another inflammatory pathway occurs through the activation of inflammasomes. Studies highlight the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in central nervous system disorders commonly involved in neuroinflammation. We aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 and its inhibitor MCC950 on neurochemical, immunological, and behavioral parameters in the early and late stages of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. For this, adult male Wistar rats received an intracisternal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae or artificial cerebrospinal fluid as a placebo. The animals were divided into control/saline, control/MCC950, meningitis/saline, and meningitis/MCC950. Immediately after the meningitis induction, the animals received 140 ng/kg MCC950 via intracisternal injection. For the acute protocol, 24 h after induction, brain structures were collected to evaluate cytokines, NLRP3, and microglia. In the long-term group, the animals were submitted to open field and recognition of new objects tests at ten days after the meningitis induction. After the behavioral tests, the same markers were evaluated. The animals in the meningitis group at 24 h showed increased levels of cytokines, NLRP3, and IBA-1 expression, and the use of the MCC950 significantly reduced those levels. Although free from infection, ten days after meningitis induction, the animals in the meningitis group had elevated cytokine levels and demonstrated behavioral deficits; however, the single dose of NLRP3 inhibitor rescued the behavior deficits and decreased the brain inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Julio Faller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Allan Collodel
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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Akotkar L, Aswar U, Ganeshpurkar A, Raj R, Pawar A. An Overview of Chemistry, Kinetics, Toxicity and Therapeutic Potential of Boldine in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3283-3295. [PMID: 37462836 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Boldine is an alkaloid obtained from the medicinal herb Peumus boldus (Mol.) (Chilean boldo tree; boldo) and belongs to the family Monimiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. There is a dearth of information regarding its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in addition to its potential pharmacological activity. Boldine belongs to the aporphine alkaloid class and possesses lipophilic properties which enable its efficient absorption and distribution throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It exhibits potent free radical scavenging activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing neuronal damage. Through a variety of neuroprotective mechanisms, including suppression of AChE and BuChE activity, blocking of connexin-43 hemichannels, pannexin 1 channel, reduction of NF-κβ mediated interleukin release, and glutamate excitotoxicity which successfully reduces neuronal damage. These results point to its probable application in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, its effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioid, and cholinergic receptors were further investigated in order to determine its applicability for neurobehavioral dysfunctions. The article investigates the pharmacokinetics of boldine and reveals that it has a low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, requiring regular dosage to maintain therapeutic levels. The review studies boldine's potential therapeutic uses and mode of action while summarizing its neuroprotective benefits. Given the favorable results for boldine as a potential neurotherapeutic drug in laboratory animals, more research is required. However, in order to optimise its therapeutic potential, it must be more bioavailable with fewer detrimental side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ritik Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
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Bahrami Salehloo E, Sabouni F, Mianabadi M. Inhibition of NO Production in LPS-Stimulated Primary Rat Glial Cells by Gnidilatimonoein and Extract of Daphne mucronata. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3052. [PMID: 37228631 PMCID: PMC10203186 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2023.285965.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background In the CNS, glial cells are involved in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. The glial cells are activated by a variety of pathological conditions and release pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO). Overexpression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and extra NO is detrimental to neurophysiology and neuronal viability. Objectives This study aimed to examine the effect of Gnidilatimonein isolated from D. mucronata and its leaves extract (as natural phytochemicals) on NO production in the LPS-induced primary glial cells. Materials and Methods A preparative HPLC method was used to isolate gnidilatimonoein from leaves ethanolic extract. Various doses of Gnidilatimonoein, the ethanolic extract were applied to primary glial cells inflamed by lipopolysaccharide. A Colorimetric test, an MTT assay, and a RT-PCR analysis were then performed to analyze and compare NO production, cell viability, and iNOS expression. Results Gnidilatimonoein treatment of pretreated primary glial cells significantly inhibited iNOS expression and decreased NO synthesis. Plant extracts also reduced NO production in inflamed microglial and glial at 0.1-3 mg.mL-1. At these concentrations, none of these compounds exerted a cytotoxic effect, suggesting that their anti-inflammatory effects were not due to the death of cells. Conclusion This study indicates that D. mucronata and its active compound, Gnidilatimonoein, could have restrained effects on the expression of iNOS on the induced glial cells; however, further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bahrami Salehloo
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Mianabadi
- Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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Fang C, Liu J, Feng M, Jia Z, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhu M, Huang B, Liu L, Wei Z, Wang X, Xiao H. Shengyu Decoction treating vascular cognitive impairment by promoting AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF related cerebrovascular generation and ameliorating MAPK/NF-κB mediated neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115441. [PMID: 35700854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shengyu Decoction (SYD), a classical Chinese medicine formula, is good at nourishing blood, promoting blood circulation, and soothe the nerves. SYD can improve cognitive ability. This decoction is suitable for treating vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). however, its active ingredients and possible mechanism have not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to observe the effects of SYD on improving the cognitive abilities of rats with VCI, to explore its active ingredients and mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats with VCI model were established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and the effects of SYD (5, 2.5 g/kg) on the cognitive abilities of VCI rats were evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) and neurological assessment. The pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 were observed by H &E and Nissl staining. The effect of SYD on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated by Laser Speckle Contrast Imager. The expression of CD31 in the cerebral cortex was measured by immunofluorescence (IF) to evaluate the number of cerebral micro vessels. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were determined using an ELISA kit, and the active components in the plasma and brain tissues of rats after SYD administration were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The interaction network of the compound-target pathway was established using the SWISS Target, GO, and DAVID databases. The expression of AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the brain tissues was determined using western blotting (WB). RESULTS SYD (2.5, 5 g/kg) significantly improved the cognitive abilities of VCI rats in the MWM and neurological assessment. H&E and Nissl staining showed that SYD significantly ameliorated the pathological hippocampal CA1 area and increased the number of Nissl bodies. The Laser Speckle Contrast Imager showed that the cortical CBF of VCI rats in the SYD group was significantly increased, and the IF results showed that CD31 expression was significantly increased in the SYD group. The ELISA results showed that the contents of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in SYD were significantly reduced. A total of 29 compounds were found in the plasma and brain tissues of the rats treated with SYD. Network pharmacology revealed 99 targets for the treatment of VCI. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the HIF-1 and MAPK signaling pathways might be important for SYD to ameliorate VCI. WB showed that the expressions of AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the brain tissues of rats were significantly increased; in addition, NF-κB and p38 MAPK were significantly reduced in the SYD group. CONCLUSION SYD can improve the cognitive abilities of VCI rats. The mechanism of action of its active ingredients improves cognitive impairment by affecting the AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF and p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, promoting cerebrovascular generation, and ameliorating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zuying Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Gupta P, Makkar TK, Goel L, Pahuja M. Role of inflammation and oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Immunol Res 2022; 70:725-741. [PMID: 35859244 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents may adversely affect the nervous system, including the neural precursor cells as well as the white matter. Although the mechanisms are not completely understood, several hypotheses connecting inflammation and oxidative stress with neurotoxicity are now emerging. The proposed mechanisms differ depending on the class of drug. For example, toxicity due to cisplatin occurs due to activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which alters hippocampal long-term potentiation. Free radical injury is also involved in the cisplatin-mediated neurotoxicity as dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been seen which protects against the free radical injury by regulating glutathione S-transferases and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, correcting the imbalance between NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways may alleviate cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. With newer agents like bortezomib, peripheral neuropathy occurs due to up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 in the sensory neurons. Superoxide dismutase dysregulation is also involved in bortezomib-induced neuropathy. This article reviews the available literature on inflammation and oxidative stress in neurotoxicity caused by various classes of chemotherapeutic agents. It covers the conventional medicines like platinum compounds, vinca alkaloids, and methotrexate, as well as the newer therapeutic agents like immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors. A better understanding of the pathophysiology will lead to further advancement in strategies for management of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India. .,Coordinator, AIIMS Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centre, Pharmacovigilance Program of India, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tavneet Kaur Makkar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Lavisha Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Monika Pahuja
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Wang Z, Li Y, Zeng Z, Guo S, Chen W, Luo Y. Leucine-rich repeat containing 8A contributes to the expansion of The potential role of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8A in central nervous system: current situation and prospect. Neuroscience 2022; 488:122-131. [PMID: 35276302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell swelling usually initiates the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) process mediated mainly by volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which are formed by multiple different leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) family members. VRAC currents have been widely recorded in astrocytes, neurons and microglia in the brain, and VRACs have been suggested to be involved in the important pathogenesis of cell swelling-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as ischemic stroke, epilepsy and epileptogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM), and so on. Recently, the increasing studies started to focus on LRRC8A (SWELL1), an obligatory subunit of VRAC indentified in 2014, which may be the key target to regulate the VRAC functions. After cerebral ischemia, the swollen astrocytes, neurons and microglia can activate LRRC8A-dependent VRACs, which may respectively promote the release of excitatory amino acids (EAA), interaction with ionotropic glutamate receptors, and regulating inflammation, suggesting the pleiotropic roles of LRRC8A in swollen brain cells. For the treatment of cell swelling-related CNS diseases, specific targeting LRRC8A may be a superior strategy to inhibit swollen-induced VRAC hyperactivity without blocking the normal VRAC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhikun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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11
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Shaheryar ZA, Khan MA, Adnan CS, Zaidi AA, Hänggi D, Muhammad S. Neuroinflammatory Triangle Presenting Novel Pharmacological Targets for Ischemic Brain Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748663. [PMID: 34691061 PMCID: PMC8529160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Hundreds of clinical trials have proven ineffective in bringing forth a definitive and effective treatment for ischemic stroke, except a myopic class of thrombolytic drugs. That, too, has little to do with treating long-term post-stroke disabilities. These studies proposed diverse options to treat stroke, ranging from neurotropic interpolation to venting antioxidant activity, from blocking specific receptors to obstructing functional capacity of ion channels, and more recently the utilization of neuroprotective substances. However, state of the art knowledge suggests that more pragmatic focus in finding effective therapeutic remedy for stroke might be targeting intricate intracellular signaling pathways of the 'neuroinflammatory triangle': ROS burst, inflammatory cytokines, and BBB disruption. Experimental evidence reviewed here supports the notion that allowing neuroprotective mechanisms to advance, while limiting neuroinflammatory cascades, will help confine post-stroke damage and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaib A. Shaheryar
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Awais Ali Zaidi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Imran Idrees College of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Huang L, Lafaille JJ, Yang G. Learning-dependent dendritic spine plasticity is impaired in spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:736-745. [PMID: 33949123 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is often observed in multiple sclerosis and its animal models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using mice with immunization-induced EAE, we have previously shown that the stability of cortical synapses is markedly decreased before the clinical onset of EAE. In this study, we examined learning-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in a spontaneous EAE model. Transgenic mice expressing myelin basic protein-specific T cell receptor genes develop EAE spontaneously at around 8 weeks of age. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy, we found that the elimination and formation rates of postsynaptic dendritic spines in somatosensory and motor cortices increased weeks before detectable signs of EAE and remained to be high during the disease onset. Despite the elevated basal spine turnover, motor learning-induced spine formation was reduced in presymptomatic EAE mice, in line with their impaired ability to retain learned motor skills. Additionally, we found a substantial elevation of IFN-γ mRNA in the brain of 4-week-old presymptomatic mice, and treatment of anti-IFN-γ antibody reduced dendritic spine elimination in the cortex. Together, these findings reveal synaptic instability and failure to form new synapses after learning as early brain pathology of EAE, which may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits seen in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- Skirball Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Takahashi S, Fukushima H, Yu Z, Tomita H, Kida S. Tumor necrosis factor α negatively regulates the retrieval and reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:79-88. [PMID: 33677026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural inflammation is associated with cognitive decline, especially learning and memory. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a major cytokine generated during neuroinflammation. Previous studies indicated that TNFα impairs hippocampus-dependent memory including contextual fear and spatial memories. However, it is unknown which memory processes are impaired by TNFα. Here, we show that TNFα blocked the retrieval and reconsolidation of contextual fear and spatial memories. Micro-infusion of TNFα into the dorsal hippocampus at 6-18 h before retrieval impaired the retrieval of contextual fear memory, although micro-infusion before contextual fear conditioning had no effect on memory formation. Interestingly, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion before memory retrieval decreased freezing responses, even at 24 h after retrieval, suggesting that TNFα impairs the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Similarly, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion impaired the retrieval and reconsolidation of spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Consistent with these observations, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion before retrieval blocked the induction of c-fos expression in the hippocampus, which is a marker of neural activation, in response to the retrieval of contextual fear memory. Collectively, our findings indicate that TNFα negatively regulates the retrieval and reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hotaka Fukushima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
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14
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Jung YJ, Tweedie D, Scerba MT, Kim DS, Palmas MF, Pisanu A, Carta AR, Greig NH. Repurposing Immunomodulatory Imide Drugs (IMiDs) in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:656921. [PMID: 33854417 PMCID: PMC8039148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.656921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a common trait in the pathology and progression of the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders have emerged as a global crisis, affecting 1 in 4 people, while neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death in the elderly population worldwide (WHO, 2001; GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, 2019). However, there remains an immense deficit in availability of effective drug treatments for most neurological disorders. In fact, for disorders such as depression, placebos and behavioral therapies have equal effectiveness as antidepressants. For neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, drugs that can prevent, slow, or cure the disease have yet to be found. Several non-traditional avenues of drug target identification have emerged with ongoing neurological disease research to meet the need for novel and efficacious treatments. Of these novel avenues is that of neuroinflammation, which has been found to be involved in the progression and pathology of many of the leading neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is characterized by glial inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the meta-analyses have provided evidence of genetic/proteomic upregulation of inflammatory factors in certain stages of neurological disorders. Although the mechanisms underpinning the connections between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders are unclear, and meta-analysis results have shown high sensitivity to factors such as disorder severity and sample type, there is significant evidence of neuroinflammation associations across neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and introduce current research on the potential of immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) as a new treatment strategy for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- AevisBio, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
- Aevis Bio, Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Augusta Pisanu
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Raoofi A, Delbari A, Mahdian D, Mojadadi MS, Amini A, Javadinia SS, Dadashizadeh G, Ahrabi B, Ebrahimi V, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Toxicology of long-term and high-dose administration of methylphenidate on the kidney tissue - a histopathology and molecular study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:611-619. [PMID: 32746681 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1805665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the influences of oral methylphenidate on kidney function and structure versus vehicle treatment in adult male rats. In this study, thirty adult male rats equally into two treatment groups divided randomly, and among them, MPH has been administered for 21 days, at doses of 20 mg/kg, and the control group has received salin. In renal, under the effect of MPH applying quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed nephrotoxicity-related molecular pathways like autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the levels of GSH, CAT, and SOD were investigated as antioxidant enzymes. Afterward, stereological analysis in MPH-treated rats has been performed. Analysis of qPCR displayed inflammation, impaired autophagy, and enhanced apoptosis with histological changes in the kidney's tissue, also an important rise in the antioxidant enzymes' level. Besides, 20 mg/kg of MPH led to a decline in the mean of Bowman's space thickness and renal corpuscle's volume in comparison to the control rats. Collectively, our histological and molecular data implicit that in the kidney region, administrating of MPH evoked discriminative expression alterations in nephrotoxicity-associated signaling cascades, specifically autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis paired with important damage to kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Raoofi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Delbari
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Immunology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sadat Javadinia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Dadashizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Kakeda S, Watanabe K, Nguyen H, Katsuki A, Sugimoto K, Igata N, Abe O, Yoshimura R, Korogi Y. An independent component analysis reveals brain structural networks related to TNF-α in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a source-based morphometric study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:187. [PMID: 32522975 PMCID: PMC7287077 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous mouse study, social defeat stress-induced microglial activation released tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leading to neuronal changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and behavioral changes (anxiety). We aimed to investigate the relationship between gray-matter (GM) structural networks and serum TNF-α in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) using multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM). Forty-five first-episode and drug-naïve MDD patients and 38 healthy subjects (HSs) were recruited. High-resolution T1-weighted imaging was performed and serum TNF-α levels were measured in all MDD patients and HSs. After acquiring GM structural networks using SBM, we compared the Z-transformed loading coefficients (Z-scores) between MDD patients and HSs, and investigated the relationship between the Z-scores and the serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients. The serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients were significantly higher than those in HSs. We extracted two independent GM structural networks (the prefrontal network and the insula-temporal network) with significant differences between MDD patients and HSs (-0.305 ± 0.85 and 0.253 ± 0.82; P = 0.03 in the prefrontal network, and -0.268 ± 0.86 and 0.467 ± 0.71; P < 0.01 in the insula-temporal network). The serum TNF-α levels were significantly correlated with the Z-scores in the prefrontal network after Bonferroni correction (r = -0.419, p < 0.01); however, the correlation in the insula-temporal network was not significant (r = -0.290, p = 0.11). Elevated serum TNF-α levels in the early stage of MDD were associated with alteration of the prefrontal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kakeda
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Radiology, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hoa Nguyen
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimoto
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Igata
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- grid.271052.30000 0004 0374 5913Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Qiu Y, Li C, Li X, Jia Y. Effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of inflammatory factors in children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:23-28. [PMID: 32851338 PMCID: PMC7331422 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dexmedetomidine inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and protects neural function. However, the mechanism of dexmedetomidine's anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive level and expression of inflammatory factors in children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB. METHODS Ninety children with congenital heart disease were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 children in each. In Group 1, a 1.0 µg·kg-1·h-1 intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia, followed by a 0.2 µg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision. In Group 2, a 0.5 µg/kg intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine was administered 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia, followed by a 0.1 µg·kg-1·h-1 infusion until the surgical incision. The control group was given physiological saline using the same method as in Groups 1 and 2. The serum levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), S-100β protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before the surgery (T1), at the end of CPB (T2), 2 hours after CPB (T3), 6 hours after CPB (T4), and 24 hours after CPB (T5). The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC) was measured before the operation and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the neurodevelopmental state of the children. RESULTS The levels of the NF-κB, S-100β protein, NSE, TNF-α, IL-6 were significantly higher at T2, T3, or T4 than before the surgery (T1) in the control group or the dexmedetomidine groups. However, the increases of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, S-100β and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). The WISC scores were similar among the three groups before or after the operation. INTERPRETATION The increases in NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels indicated aggravation of the inflammatory reaction and the increase S-100β protein and NSE levels indicated that the nervous system was damaged. Administration of dexmedetomidine to children with congenital heart disease undergoing intraoperative CPB can inhibit the inflammatory response and may ameliorate the neurodevelopmental damage caused by CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Qiu
- Department of AnesthesiologyChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’ s HospitalHenan Engineering Research Center of Childhood NeurodevelopmentZhengzhouChina
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’ s HospitalHenan Engineering Research Center of Childhood NeurodevelopmentZhengzhouChina
| | - Yingping Jia
- Department of AnesthesiologyChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’ s HospitalHenan Engineering Research Center of Childhood NeurodevelopmentZhengzhouChina
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18
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Liu JH, Tsai TH, Chen YJ, Wang LY, Liu HY, Hsieh CH. Local Irradiation Modulates the Pharmacokinetics of Metabolites in 5-Fluorouracil-Radiotherapy-Pharmacokinetics Phenomenon. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:141. [PMID: 32174836 PMCID: PMC7056828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of radiotherapy (RT) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 5-FU and 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-uracil (5-FDHU) were investigated by animal experiments. Methods Whole-pelvis RT with 0.5 and 2 Gy was delivered to Sprague–Dawley rats. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was intravenously infused 24 h after radiation. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU and 5-FDHU in the plasma and bile system were calculated. Results The areas under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in the plasma were reduced by local irradiation by 23.7% at 0.5 Gy (P < 0.001) and 35.3% at 2 Gy (P < 0.001). The AUCs of 5-FDHU were also reduced by 21.4% at 0.5 Gy (P < 0.001) and 51.5% at 2 Gy (P < 0.001). Irradiation significantly increased the clearance values (CLs) of 5-FU by 30.6% at 0.5 Gy and 50.1% at 2 Gy, respectively. The CLs of 5-FDHU were increased by 27.2% at 0.5 Gy and 106% at 2 Gy. The AUCs of 5-FU in the bile were increased by 36.7% at 0.5 Gy (P < 0.001) and 68.6% at 2 Gy (P = 0.005). The AUCs of 5-FDHU in the bile were increased by 40.3% at 0.5 Gy (P < 0.001) and 248.1% at 2 Gy (P < 0.001). The CLs of 5-FU in the bile were increased by 31.8% at 0.5 Gy and 11.2% at 2 Gy. However, the CLs of 5-FDHU in the bile were decreased by 29.1% at 0.5 Gy and 71.0% at 2 Gy. Conclusion Both conventional and low-dose irradiation can affect the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU and its metabolite, 5-FDHU. RT plus 5-FU could cause more adverse events than 5-FU alone by increasing the AUC ratio of 5-FU/5-FDHU. Irradiation decreases the AUC of 5-FU in the plasma, which may cause poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Han Liu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Long-term administration of high-dose methylphenidate-induced cerebellar morphology and function damage in adult rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 103:101712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Jung YJ, Tweedie D, Scerba MT, Greig NH. Neuroinflammation as a Factor of Neurodegenerative Disease: Thalidomide Analogs as Treatments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:313. [PMID: 31867326 PMCID: PMC6904283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated when glial cells, mainly microglia, are activated by threats to the neural environment, such as pathogen infiltration or neuronal injury. Although neuroinflammation serves to combat these threats and reinstate brain homeostasis, chronic inflammation can result in excessive cytokine production and cell death if the cause of inflammation remains. Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine with a central role in microglial activation, has been associated with neuronal excitotoxicity, synapse loss, and propagation of the inflammatory state. Thalidomide and its derivatives, termed immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), are a class of drugs that target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TNF-α mRNA, inhibiting TNF-α production. Due to their multi-potent effects, several IMiDs, including thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, have been repurposed as drug treatments for diseases such as multiple myeloma and psoriatic arthritis. Preclinical studies of currently marketed IMiDs, as well as novel IMiDs such as 3,6'-dithiothalidomide and adamantyl thalidomide derivatives, support the development of IMiDs as therapeutics for neurological disease. IMiDs have a competitive edge compared to similar anti-inflammatory drugs due to their blood-brain barrier permeability and high bioavailability, with the potential to alleviate symptoms of neurodegenerative disease and slow disease progression. In this review, we evaluate the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing specifically on the role of TNF-α in neuroinflammation, as well as appraise current research on the potential of IMiDs as treatments for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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21
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Michalovicz LT, Kelly KA, Vashishtha S, Ben‐Hamo R, Efroni S, Miller JV, Locker AR, Sullivan K, Broderick G, Miller DB, O’Callaghan JP. Astrocyte-specific transcriptome analysis using the ALDH1L1 bacTRAP mouse reveals novel biomarkers of astrogliosis in response to neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2019; 150:420-440. [PMID: 31222732 PMCID: PMC6771645 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicology is hampered by the inability to predict regional and cellular targets of toxicant-induced damage. Evaluating astrogliosis overcomes this problem because reactive astrocytes highlight the location of toxicant-induced damage. While enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein is a hallmark of astrogliosis, few other biomarkers have been identified. However, bacterial artificial chromosome - translating ribosome affinity purification (bacTRAP) technology allows for characterization of the actively translating transcriptome of a particular cell type; use of this technology in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1) bacTRAP mice can identify genes selectively expressed in astrocytes. The aim of this study was to characterize additional biomarkers of neurotoxicity-induced astrogliosis using ALDH1L1 bacTRAP mice. The known dopaminergic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 12.5 mg/kg s.c.) was used to induce astrogliosis. Striatal tissue was obtained 12, 24, and 48 h following exposure for the isolation of actively translating RNA. Subsequently, MPTP-induced changes in this RNA pool were analyzed by microarray and 184 statistically significant, differentially expressed genes were identified. The dataset was interrogated by gene ontology, pathway, and co-expression network analyses, which identified novel genes, as well as those with known immune and inflammatory functions. Using these analyses, we were directed to several genes associated with reactive astrocytes. Of these, TIMP1 and miR-147 were identified as candidate biomarkers because of their robust increased expression following both MPTP and trimethyl tin exposures. Thus, we have demonstrated that bacTRAP can be used to identify new biomarkers of astrogliosis and aid in the characterization of astrocyte phenotypes induced by toxicant exposures. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T. Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Kimberly A. Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Saurabh Vashishtha
- Center for Clinical Systems BiologyRochester General Hospital Research InstituteRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Rotem Ben‐Hamo
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Sol Efroni
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Julie V. Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Alicia R. Locker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems BiologyRochester General Hospital Research InstituteRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Diane B. Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - James P. O’Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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Ghersa F, Delsouc MB, Goyeneche AA, Vallcaneras SS, Meresman G, Telleria CM, Casais M. Reduced inflammatory state promotes reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in TNFRp55 deficient mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:385-396. [PMID: 31070761 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, characterized by growth of endometrial tissue in ectopic sites due to alteration of peritoneal homeostasis and deregulation of apoptosis. Here we have examined whether TNFRp55 deficiency modulates the pro-inflammatory state and the reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6 mice, eight wild type (WT) and eight TNFRp55-/- (KO) were used in the study. Endometriotic-like lesions were induced experimentally. The right uterine horn was removed from the animal, divided longitudinally, cut in three square pieces and sutured to the intestine mesentery. After 4 weeks, the lesions and the peritoneal fluid were collected. The level of TNFα in the peritoneal fluid was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). The expressions of COX2, GRα and GRβ were evaluated in the lesions by western blot and immunohistochemistry. β-III TUBULIN, BDNF and NGF protein concentrations were evaluated in the lesions by western blot. Gene expression of Pgp 9.5, SP and Th was analyzed by RT-PCR, whereas relative concentrations of TRKA, NTRp75, phosphorylated NFκB (pNFκB) and total NFκB in lesions were measured by EIA. Compared with the WT group, the KO mice showed lower TNFα levels in the peritoneal fluid and lower numbers of COX2 immunoreactive cells along with increased expression of GRα, β-III TUBULIN, Pgp 9.5, SP, Th, BDNF, NGF, NTRp75 and pNFκB in the lesions. Future histological studies will be necessary to confirm the sensory/sympathetic imbalance in the endometriotic-like lesions of the KO mice. Our results suggest that a reduced inflammatory state promotes reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in TNFRp55-/- mice. Chronic deregulation of TNF receptors can have serious consequences for women with advanced endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ghersa
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - M B Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - A A Goyeneche
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - S S Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - G Meresman
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C M Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
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Deficiencies of microglia and TNFα in the mPFC-mediated cognitive inflexibility induced by social stress during adolescence. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:256-266. [PMID: 30772475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial roles played by microglia and their release of cytokines in the regulation of brain maturation are increasingly being recognized. Adolescence is a unique period characterized by continued brain maturation, especially in the area of the prefrontal cortex. Our previous studies showed that adolescent social stress induced impairment in extradimensional set-shifting (EDS), a core component of cognitive flexibility mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in adult mice. The present study further determined the role of microglia and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in cognitive dysfunction. Accompanied by a deficit in EDS in adulthood, previously stressed mice showed significant reductions in the expression of the microglial molecular biomarker Iba1, cell numbers, and the levels of TNFα mRNA and protein in the mPFC. Pharmacological inhibition of TNFα signaling by direct injection of a neutralizer into the mPFC also specifically impaired EDS performance. Moreover, the cognitive and immune alterations in previously stressed adult mice were ameliorated by both acute LPS and chronic antidepressant treatment. Together, our data suggest that microglia and TNFα play important roles in cognitive flexibility and can provide attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders.
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Wowro SJ, Tong G, Krech J, Rolfs N, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Combined Cyclosporin A and Hypothermia Treatment Inhibits Activation of BV-2 Microglia but Induces an Inflammatory Response in an Ischemia/Reperfusion Hippocampal Slice Culture Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:273. [PMID: 31293389 PMCID: PMC6603137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypothermia attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal cell death associated with neuroinflammation. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to be neuroprotective by minimizing activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, we investigated whether the combination of hypothermia and treatment with CsA has neuroprotective effects in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model in neuronal and BV-2 microglia monocultures, as well as in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC). Methods Murine primary neurons, BV-2 microglia, and OHSC were pretreated with CsA and exposed to 1 h OGD (0.2% O2) followed by reperfusion at normothermia (37°C) or hypothermia (33.5°C). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate releases. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) were detected in cultured supernatant by western blot analysis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1α and -1β (IL-1α/IL1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glia activation factors ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene expressions were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results Exposure to OGD plus 10 μM CsA was sufficient to induce necrotic cell death and subsequent release of DAMPs in neurons but not BV-2 microglia. Moreover, OGD/R-induced secondary injury was also observed only in the neurons, which was not attenuated by cooling and no increased toxicity by CsA was observed. BV-2 microglia were not sensitive to OGD/R-induced injury but were susceptible to CsA-induced toxicity in a dose dependent manner, which was minimized by hypothermia. CsA attenuated IL-1β and Iba1 expressions in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD/R. Hypothermia reduced IL-1β and iNOS expressions but induced TNF-α and Iba1 expressions in the microglia. However, these observations did not translate to the ex vivo OHCS model, as general high expressions of most cytokines investigated were observed. Conclusion Treatment with CsA has neurotoxic effects on primary neurons exposed to OGD but could inhibit BV-2 microglia activation. However, CsA and hypothermia treatment after ischemia/reperfusion injury results in cytotoxic neuroinflammation in the complex ex vivo OHSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Wowro
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Tong
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Krech
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nele Rolfs
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina R L Schmitt
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Universitäres Herzzentrum Berlin - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Malone K, Amu S, Moore AC, Waeber C. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31281252 PMCID: PMC6595144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of immunity in all stages of stroke is increasingly being recognized, from the pathogenesis of risk factors to tissue repair, leading to the investigation of a range of immunomodulatory therapies. In the acute phase of stroke, proposed therapies include drugs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and leukocyte infiltration, with a key objective to reduce initial brain cell toxicity. Systemically, the early stages of stroke are also characterized by stroke-induced immunosuppression, where downregulation of host defences predisposes patients to infection. Therefore, strategies to modulate innate immunity post-stroke have garnered greater attention. A complementary objective is to reduce longer-term sequelae by focusing on adaptive immunity. Following stroke onset, the integrity of the blood–brain barrier is compromised, exposing central nervous system (CNS) antigens to systemic adaptive immune recognition, potentially inducing autoimmunity. Some pre-clinical efforts have been made to tolerize the immune system to CNS antigens pre-stroke. Separately, immune cell populations that exhibit a regulatory phenotype (T- and B- regulatory cells) have been shown to ameliorate post-stroke inflammation and contribute to tissue repair. Cell-based therapies, established in oncology and transplantation, could become a strategy to treat the acute and chronic stages of stroke. Furthermore, a role for the gut microbiota in ischaemic injury has received attention. Finally, the immune system may play a role in remote ischaemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection against stroke. The development of stroke therapies involving organs distant to the infarct site, therefore, should not be overlooked. This review will discuss the immune mechanisms of various therapeutic strategies, surveying published data and discussing more theoretical mechanisms of action that have yet to be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Cancer Research @UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Waeber
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Influence of Lineage-Negative Stem Cell Therapy on Articulatory Functions in ALS Patients. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7213854. [PMID: 31281384 PMCID: PMC6589318 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7213854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease, leading to loss of muscle strength and motor control. Impaired speech and swallowing lower the quality of life and consequently may induce acute respiratory failure. Bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells (SPCs) may be a valuable source of trophic factors. In this study, we assessed whether adjuvant cellular therapy could affect the levels of selected neurotrophins and proinflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and subsequently prevent the deterioration of articulation. Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 32 patients with sporadic ALS who underwent autologous lineage-negative (Lin−) stem cell intrathecal administration to the spinal canal. Lin− cells were aspirated from the bone marrow and isolated using immunomagnetic beads and a lineage cell depletion kit. Patients were examined for articulatory functions by means of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire and Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA). In parallel, we carried out the analysis of selected trophic and proinflammatory factors in CSF utilizing multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. Results Of the 32 patients who received the Lin− progenitor cell therapy, 6 (group I) showed improvement in articulatory functions, 23 remained stable (group II), and 3 deteriorated (group III) on the 28th day. The improvement was particularly noticeable in a better cough reflex, laryngeal time, and dribble reflex. A statistically significant lower level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was observed on day 0 in group I compared to group II. The CSF concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in group I significantly decreased 7 days after Lin− SPC transplantation. On the contrary, a significant increase in the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) level was confirmed among patients from group I with improvement of dribble and coughing reflex, tongue movements, and respiration on the 7th day, as well as on day 28 including dribble reflex solely. Conclusions An application of Lin− stem cells could potentate the beneficial humoral effect. The prevention of deterioration of articulatory functions in ALS patients after applying adjuvant Lin− stem cell therapy seems to be promising. Although the procedure is safe and feasible, it requires further in-depth studies.
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Gorelenkova Miller O, Mieyal JJ. Critical Roles of Glutaredoxin in Brain Cells-Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1352-1368. [PMID: 29183158 PMCID: PMC6391617 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutaredoxin (Grx)1, an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitous enzyme, regulates redox signal transduction and protein redox homeostasis by catalyzing reversible S-glutathionylation. Grx1 plays different roles in different cell types. In Parkinson's disease (PD), Grx1 regulates apoptosis signaling in dopaminergic neurons, so that loss of Grx1 leads to increased cell death; in microglial cells, Grx1 regulates proinflammatory signaling, so that upregulation of Grx1 promotes cytokine production. Here we examine the regulatory roles of Grx1 in PD with a view toward therapeutic innovation. Recent Advances: In postmortem midbrain PD samples, Grx1 was decreased relative to controls, specifically within dopaminergic neurons. In Caenorhabditis elegans models of PD, loss of the Grx1 homologue led to exacerbation of the neurodegenerative phenotype. This effect was partially relieved by overexpression of neuroprotective DJ-1, consistent with regulation of DJ-1 content by Grx1. Increased GLRX copy number in PD patients was associated with earlier PD onset; and Grx1 levels correlated with levels of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α in mouse and human brain samples. In vitro studies showed Grx1 to be upregulated on proinflammatory activation of microglia. Direct overexpression of Grx1 increased microglial activation; silencing Grx1 diminished activation. Grx1 upregulation in microglia corresponded to increased neuronal cell death in coculture. Overall, these studies identify competing roles of Grx1 in PD etiology. CRITICAL ISSUES The dilemma regarding Grx1 as a PD therapeutic target is whether to stimulate its upregulation for neuroprotection or inhibit its proinflammatory activity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further investigation is needed to understand the preponderant role of Grx1 regarding dopaminergic neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorelenkova Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John J Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Rivera PD, Hanamsagar R, Kan MJ, Tran PK, Stewart D, Jo YC, Gunn M, Bilbo SD. Removal of microglial-specific MyD88 signaling alters dentate gyrus doublecortin and enhances opioid addiction-like behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:104-115. [PMID: 30447281 PMCID: PMC6348129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse promote a potent immune response in central nervous system (CNS) via the activation of microglia and astrocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial activation during addiction are not well known. We developed and functionally characterized a novel transgenic mouse (Cx3cr1-CreBTtg/0:MyD88f/f [Cretg/0]) wherein the immune signaling adaptor gene, MyD88, was specifically deleted in microglia. To test the downstream effects of loss of microglia-specific MyD88 signaling in morphine addiction, Cretg/0 and Cre0/0 mice were tested for reward learning, extinction, and reinstatement using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. There were no differences in drug acquisition, but Cretg/0 mice had prolonged extinction and enhanced reinstatement compared to Cre0/0 controls. Furthermore, morphine-treated Cretg/0 mice showed increased doublecortin (DCX) signal relative to Cre0/0 control mice in the hippocampus, indicative of increased number of immature neurons. Additionally, there was an increase in colocalization of microglial lysosomal marker CD68 with DCX+cells in morphine-treated Cretg/0 mice but not in Cre0/0 or drug-naїve mice, suggesting a specific role for microglial MyD88 signaling in neuronal phagocytosis in the hippocampus. Our results show that MyD88 deletion in microglia may negatively impact maturing neurons within the adult hippocampus and thus reward memories, suggesting a novel protective role for microglia in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Rivera
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
| | - Richa Hanamsagar
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Kan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phuong K Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Stewart
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Young Chan Jo
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Many diseases are related to age, among these neurodegeneration is particularly important. Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's and Glaucoma have many common pathogenic events including oxidative damage, Mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial alterations and changes in the visual field. These are well known in the case of glaucoma, less in the case of neurodegeneration of the brain. Many other molecular aspects are common, such as the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and neuronal apoptosis while others have been neglected due to lack of space such as inflammatory cytokine or miRNA. Moreover, the loss of specific neuronal populations, the induction of similar mechanisms of cell injury and the deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas are very similar events between these diseases. Intracellular and/or extracellular accumulation of protein aggregates is a key feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The existence of abnormal protein aggregates has been documented in the RGCs of glaucomatous patients such as the anomalous Tau protein or the β-amyloid accumulations. Intra-cell catabolic processes also appear to be common in both glaucoma and neurodegeneration. They also help us to understand how the basis between these diseases is common and how the visual aspects can be a serious problem for those who are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Cutolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Science, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Eye Clinic Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rossi
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
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Emmer KM, Walker WH, Zhang N, DeVries AC. Mammary tumor and mastectomy synergistically promote neuroinflammation in a breast cancer survivor model. Brain Res 2018; 1707:133-140. [PMID: 30496733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding why breast cancer survivors are at an increased risk for cognitive and affective disorders is essential for developing targeted treatment plans and improving quality of life. Microglia priming results in chronic neuroinflammation and can contribute to neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, thereby offering a potential mechanism for altered brain function that persists after tumor removal. This study examined whether mammary tumors alter microglia and augment the inflammatory profile and behavior of mice. To test this, non-metastatic mammary tumor cells (67NR) were injected orthotopically into the mammary glands of BALB/c mice, allowed to grow for 16 days, and then the tumors were removed via mastectomy. Following a 14-day surgical recovery, the mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then central and peripheral inflammation, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior were evaluated. Here we show that major central and peripheral inflammatory markers were not altered by tumor growth nor mastectomy surgery alone. However, hippocampal mRNA expression of major proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα was increased in tumor removal animals, persisting past surgical recovery. Nonetheless, the immune and behavioral responses following LPS administration were comparable among groups. In sum, these data demonstrate that the combination of tumor and mastectomy promotes neuroinflammation; however, immune challenge did not elucidate this inflammation as maladaptive for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Emmer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Zhou R, Wang F, Zhao G, Xia W, Peng D, Mao R, Xu J, Wang Z, Hong W, Zhang C, Wang Y, Su Y, Huang J, Yang T, Wang J, Chen J, Palaniyappan L, Fang Y. Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphism on the brain structural changes of the patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:217. [PMID: 30310056 PMCID: PMC6181976 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) variations of proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) have been reported to be closely associated with the major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear if proinflammatory genetic burden adversely affects the regional gray matter volume in patients with MDD. The aim of this study was to test whether rs1799724, an SNP of TNF-α, contributes to the neuroanatomical changes in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 144 MDD patients and 111 healthy controls (HC) well matched for age, sex and education were recruited from Shanghai Mental Health Center. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) followed by graph theory based structural covariance analysis was applied to locate diagnosis x genotype interactions. Irrespective of diagnosis, individuals with the high-risk genotype (T-carriers) had reduced volume in left angular gyrus (main effect of genotype). Diagnosis x genotype interaction was exclusively localized to the visual cortex (right superior occipital gyrus). The same region also showed reduced volume in patients with MDD than HC (main effect of diagnosis), with this effect being most pronounced in patients carrying the high-risk genotype. However, neither global nor regional network of structural covariance was found to have group difference. In conclusion, a genetic variation which can increase TNF-α expression selectively affects the anatomy of the visual cortex among the depressed subjects, with no effect on the topographical organization of multiple cortical regions. This supports the notion that anatomical changes in depression are in part influenced by the genetic determinants of inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubai Zhou
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDepartment of EEG & Neuroimaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30Robarts Research Institute& The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Fan Wang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,0000 0004 1769 9639grid.460018.bDepartment of Psychology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Weiping Xia
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDepartment of Medical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhi Mao
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- Hongkou District Mental Health Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Hong
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousong Su
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- 0000 0004 0368 8293grid.16821.3cDivision of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, China. .,Department of EEG & Neuroimaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, China. .,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute& The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, China.
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Wang M, Chen Y. Inflammation: A Network in the Pathogenesis of Status Epilepticus. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:341. [PMID: 30344475 PMCID: PMC6182087 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is an abnormally prolonged or recurrent epileptic seizure that is a serious, life-threatening medical emergency. Notably, it requires prompt and aggressive treatment. SE is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Numerous studies of SE have reported widespread brain inflammation, suggesting that inflammation plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of SE. This mini review article reviews the current knowledge with regard to the role of inflammation in SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Malone K, Amu S, Moore AC, Waeber C. The immune system and stroke: from current targets to future therapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:5-16. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Christian Waeber
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; School of Pharmacy; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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34
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Hess JL, Akutagava-Martins GC, Patak JD, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV. Why is there selective subcortical vulnerability in ADHD? Clues from postmortem brain gene expression data. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1787-1793. [PMID: 29180674 PMCID: PMC6985986 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sub-cortical volumetric differences were associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a recent multi-site, mega-analysis of 1713 ADHD persons and 1529 controls. As there was a wide range of effect sizes among the sub-cortical volumes, it is possible that selective neuronal vulnerability has a role in these volumetric losses. To address this possibility, we used data from Allen Brain Atlas to investigate variability in gene expression profiles between subcortical regions of typically developing brains. We tested the hypothesis that the expression of genes in a set of curated ADHD candidate genes and five a priori selected, biological pathways would be associated with the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) findings. Across the subcortical regions studied by ENIGMA, gene expression profiles for three pathways were significantly correlated with ADHD-associated volumetric reductions: apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy. These correlations were strong and significant for children with ADHD, but not for adults. Although preliminary, these data suggest that variability of structural brain anomalies in ADHD can be explained, in part, by the differential vulnerability of these regions to mechanisms mediating apoptosis, oxidative stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - G C Akutagava-Martins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J D Patak
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - S V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Kwon JH, Gaire BP, Park SJ, Shin DY, Choi JW. Identifying lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype 1 (LPA 1) as a novel factor to modulate microglial activation and their TNF-α production by activating ERK1/2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1237-1245. [PMID: 30071304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia regulate immune responses in the brain, and their activation is key to the pathogenesis of diverse neurological diseases. Receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling has been known to regulate microglial biology, but it is still unclear which receptor subtypes guide the biology, particularly, microglial activation. Here, we investigated the pathogenic aspects of LPA receptor subtype 1 (LPA1) in microglial activation using a systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration-induced septic mouse model in vivo and LPS-stimulated rat primary microglia in vitro. LPA1 knockdown in the brain with its specific shRNA lentivirus attenuated the sepsis-induced microglia activation, morphological transformation, and proliferation. LPA1 knockdown also resulted in the downregulation of TNF-α, at both mRNA and protein levels in septic brains, but not IL-1β or IL-6. In rat primary microglia, genetic or pharmacological blockade of LPA1 attenuated gene upregulation and secretion of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated cells. In particular, the latter was associated with the suppressed TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) activity. We reaffirmed these biological aspects using a BV2 microglial cell line in which LPA1 expression was negligible. LPA1 overexpression in BV2 cells led to significant increments in TNF-α production upon stimulation with LPS, whereas inhibiting LPA1 reversed the production. We further identified ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK or Akt, as the underlying effector pathway after LPA1 activation in both septic brains and stimulated microglia. The current findings of the novel role of LPA1 in microglial activation along with its mechanistic aspects could be applied to understanding the pathogenesis of diverse neurological diseases that involve microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Huţanu A, Iancu M, Bălaşa R, Maier S, Dobreanu M. Predicting functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients in Romania based on plasma CRP, sTNFR-1, D-Dimers, NGAL and NSE measured using a biochip array. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1228-1236. [PMID: 29926842 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cerebral ischemia, evaluation of multiple biomarkers involved in various pathological pathways is a useful tool in assessing the outcome of the patients even from the early stages of the disease. In this study we investigated the utility of a panel of 5 peripheral biomarkers of inflammatory status, neuronal destruction and secondary fibrinolysis in the acute phase of ischemia, and evaluated the impact of these biomarkers on functional outcome after ischemic stroke. The 5 biomarkers (plasma CRP, D-Dimers, sTNFR-1, NGAL and NSE) were measured using a biochip array technology. Eighty nine patients in Romania were divided into 2 subgroups using the modified Rankin Scale evaluated at 3 months after ischemic stroke; the possible impact of analyzed biomarkers on unfavorable functional outcome was tested by binomial logistic regression. The subgroup with unfavorable outcome had higher concentrations of CRP, NGAL, sTNFR-1 and D-dimers, but CRP and NGAL values were not statistically different between the two subgroups. The univariate logistic regression analysis of plasma biomarkers revealed that CRP, D-Dimers, NGAL, sTNFR-1 were significant predictors of unfavorable clinical outcome. In the case of D-Dimers and sTNFR-1 we noticed an increased discrimination ability (versus baseline clinical model) to classify poor functional outcome with a tendency toward statistical signification. During the acute phase of the ischemic stroke, plasma concentrations of CRP, D-Dimers and sTNFR-1 were elevated in unfavorable outcome patients. D-Dimers and sTNFR-1 were independent predictors of poor outcome at 3 months after ischemic stroke. The biochip array technology offers the possibility to simultaneously measure several parameters involved in multiple pathophysiological pathways, in a small sample volume.
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37
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Briyal S, Gandhakwala R, Khan M, Lavhale MS, Gulati A. Alterations in endothelin receptors following hemorrhage and resuscitation by centhaquin. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S199-S214. [PMID: 29947540 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ET(A) and ET(B) receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ET(A) and ET(B) receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ET(A) or ET(B) receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ET(A) expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ET(B) expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ET(A) expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ET(B) expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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38
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Lee JC, Park CW, Shin MC, Cho JH, Lee HA, Kim YM, Park JH, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Hwang IK, Lee TK, Won MH, Kang IJ. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is required for ischemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection in the hippocampus following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:292-303. [PMID: 29777731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in neuronal damage in response to cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides neuroprotection against a subsequent severer or longer transient ischemia by ischemic tolerance. Here, we focused on the role of TNF-α in IPC-mediated neuroprotection against neuronal death following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). Gerbils used in this study were randomly assigned to eight groups; sham group, TCI operated group, IPC plus (+) sham group, IPC + TCI operated group, sham + etanercept (an inhibitor of TNF-a) group, TCI + etanercept group, IPC + sham + etanercept group, and IPC + TCI + etanercept group. IPC was induced by a 2-min sublethal transient ischemia, which was operated 1 day prior to a longer (5-min) TCI. A significant death of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) in the CA1 area (CA1) of the hippocampus 5 days after TCI; however, IPC protected SP neurons from TCI. We found that TNF-α immunoreactivity was significantly increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons in the TCI and IPC + TCI groups compared to the sham group. TNF-R1 expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the TCI group was also increased 1 and 2 days after TCI; however, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R1 expression was significantly lower than that in the TCI group. On the other hand, we did not detect TNF-R2 immunoreactivity in CA1 pyramidal neurons 1 and 2 days after TCI; meanwhile, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R2 expression was significantly increased compared to TNF-R2 expression at 1 and 2 days after TCI. In addition, in this group, TNF-R2 was newly expressed in pericytes, which are important cells in the blood brain barrier, from 1 day after TCI. When we treated etanercept to the IPC + TCI group, IPC-induced neuroprotection was significantly weakened. In brief, this study indicates that IPC confers neuroprotection against TCI by TNF-α signaling through TNF-R2 and suggests that the enhancement of TNF-R2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for a therapeutic intervention of TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea.
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39
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Leviton A, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, O'Shea TM, Fordham LA, Kuban KKC, Dammann O. Circulating biomarkers in extremely preterm infants associated with ultrasound indicators of brain damage. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:440-450. [PMID: 29429901 PMCID: PMC5899659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess to what extent the blood concentrations of proteins with neurotrophic and angiogenic properties measured during the first postnatal month convey information about the risk of sonographically-identified brain damage among very preterm newborns. METHODS Study participants were 1219 children who had a cranial ultrasound scan during their stay in the intensive care nursery and blood specimens collected on 2 separate days at least a week apart during the first postnatal month. Concentrations of selected proteins in blood spots were measured with electrochemiluminescence or with a multiplex immunobead assay and the risks of cranial ultrasound images associated with top-quartile concentrations were assessed. RESULTS High concentrations of multiple inflammation-related proteins during the first 2 postnatal weeks were associated with increased risk of ventriculomegaly, while high concentrations of just 3 inflammation-related proteins were associated with increased risk of an echolucent/hypoechoic lesion (IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1), especially on day 7. Concomitant high concentrations of IL6R and bFGF appeared to modulate the increased risks of ventriculomegaly and an echolucent lesion associated with inflammation. More commonly high concentrations of putative protectors/repair-enhancers did not appear to diminish these increased risks. CONCLUSION Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that endogenous proteins are capable of either protecting the brain against damage and/or enhancing repair of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Karl K C Kuban
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Dhanda S, Gupta S, Halder A, Sunkaria A, Sandhir R. Systemic inflammation without gliosis mediates cognitive deficits through impaired BDNF expression in bile duct ligation model of hepatic encephalopathy. Brain Behav Immun 2018. [PMID: 29518527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease per se induces neuroinflammation that contributes to cognitive deficits in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the processes by which pro-inflammatory molecules result in cognitive impairment still remains unclear. In the present study, a significant increase in the activity of liver function enzymes viz. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed along with increase in plasma ammonia levels after four weeks of bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats suggesting hepatocellular damage. A significant increase was observed in mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in brain regions and liver of BDL rats. Concomitantly, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 protein levels were also increased in brain regions, liver and serum of BDL rats suggesting the involvement of blood-brain-axis in inflammatory response. However, a significant decrease was observed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) expression at transcriptional and translation level in brain of BDL rats. Immunohistochemical and flowcytometric analysis revealed reduced number of GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes and Iba1-immunopositive microglia in the brain regions of BDL rats. Further, a significant decline was observed in cognitive functions in BDL rats assessed using Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Expression of pro and mature form of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its upstream transcription element showed significant reduction in brain of BDL rats. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that systemic inflammation and reduced expression of BDNF and its upstream transcription factor plays a key role in cognitive decline in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Smriti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Avishek Halder
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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41
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Ghosh N, Mitra S, Sinha P, Chakrabarti N, Bhattacharyya A. TNFR2 mediated TNF-α signaling and NF-κB activation in hippocampus of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice. Neurosci Res 2018; 137:36-42. [PMID: 29481885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) -induced neuroinflammation and its impact in hippocampus remain elusive till date. Our present study includes the time dependent changes of inflammatory molecules in mouse hippocampus during MPTP treatment. MPTP treatment increased level of TNF-α, enhanced expression of TNFR2 along with PI3 kinase (PI3K) induced phosphorylation of Akt resulting in persistent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. The expressions gradually increased from Day1 post-MPTP treatment, maximally at Day3 post-treatment. MPTP induced translocation of p65 and p52, two subunits of NF-κB family, to nucleus where they had been found to dimerize. Therefore, MPTP induced TNF-α signaling through TNFR2 mediated pathway and recruited p65-p52 dimer in hippocampal nucleus which is reported to have protective effect on hippocampal neurons indicated by unchanged neuronal count in hippocampus in treated groups with respect to control. Our finding suggests that this unique NF-κB dimer plays some role in providing inherent protection to hippocampus during MPTP-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Ghosh
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Soham Mitra
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Priyobrata Sinha
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Nilkanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of ischemic brain damage. Astrocyte activation promotes the production of several proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and iNOS. Eventually, neuronal death occurs, leading to the development of motor and memory deficits in patients. Boldine is the main alkaloid in the leaves and bark of the Peumus boldus Molina, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of boldine on neuroinflammation and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. Thirty minutes before pMCAO and during the next 5 days, animals received vehicle (0.025 µmol/l HCl) or boldine (8, 16 and 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The extension of the infarct area, neurological scores, and myeloperoxidase activity were evaluated 24 h after pMCAO. Locomotor activity, working, and aversive memory were evaluated 72 h after pMCAO, object recognition memory was tested 96 h after pMCAO, and spatial memory was tested 120 h after pMCAO. Cresyl violet, Fluoro-Jade C staining, and immunohistochemical for GFAP, TNF-α, and iNOS were also carried out. The treatment with boldine significantly decreased the infarct area, improved the neurological scores, and increased cell viability. The vertical exploratory activity and aversive, spatial, object recognition, and working memory deficits induced by pMCAO were prevented by boldine. Moreover, myeloperoxidase activity and GFAP, TNF-α, and iNOS immunoreactivity were decreased significantly by boldine. Although various mechanisms such as its antioxidant activity should be considered, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of boldine might be related in part to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Hwang SA, Kim CD, Lee WS. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against photothrombotic cortical ischemic injury in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:101-110. [PMID: 29302217 PMCID: PMC5746507 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis purified from honeybee hives, on photothrombotic cortical ischemic injury in mice. Permanent focal ischemia was achieved in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices of anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice by irradiation of the skull with cold light laser in combination with systemic administration of rose bengal. The animals were treated with CAPE (0.5–5 mg/kg, i.p.) twice 1 and 6 h after ischemic insult. CAPE significantly reduced the infarct size as well as the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, hypoxiainducible factor-1α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1α, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the photothrombosis. Moreover, it induced an increase in heme oxygenase-1 immunoreactivity and interleukin-10 expression. These results suggest that CAPE exerts a remarkable neuroprotective effect on ischemic brain injury via its anti-inflammatory properties, thereby providing a benefit to the therapy of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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44
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Intranasal insulin treatment alleviates methamphetamine induced anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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45
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Specific neurophysiological mechanisms underlie cognitive inflexibility in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13943. [PMID: 29066846 PMCID: PMC5655331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is highly prevalent. While the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBD are increasingly understood, there is a lack of knowledge concerning cognitive dysfunctions in IBD. This is all the more the case concerning the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. In the current study we focus on possible dysfunctions of cognitive flexibility (task switching) processes in IBD patients using a system neurophysiological approach combining event-related potential (ERP) recordings with source localization analyses. We show that there are task switching deficits (i.e. increased switch costs) in IBD patients. The neurophysiological data show that even though the pathophysiology of IBD is diverse and wide-spread, only specific cognitive subprocesses are altered: There was a selective dysfunction at the response selection level (N2 ERP) associated with functional alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex and the right inferior frontal gyrus. Attentional selection processes (N1 ERP), perceptual categorization processes (P1 ERP), or mechanisms related to the flexible implementation of task sets and related working memory processes (P3 ERP) do not contribute to cognitive inflexibility in IBD patients and were unchanged. It seems that pathophysiological processes in IBD strongly compromise cognitive-neurophysiological subprocesses related to fronto-striatal networks. These circuits may become overstrained in IBD when cognitive flexibility is required.
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46
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Decourt B, Lahiri DK, Sabbagh MN. Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 14:412-425. [PMID: 27697064 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects an estimated 44 million individuals worldwide, yet no therapeutic intervention is available to stop the progression of the dementia. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides assembled in plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein forming tangles, and chronic inflammation. A pivotal molecule in inflammation is the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Several lines of evidence using genetic and pharmacological manipulations indicate that TNF-α signaling exacerbates both Aβ and tau pathologies in vivo. Interestingly, preventive and intervention anti-inflammatory strategies demonstrated a reduction in brain pathology and an amelioration of cognitive function in rodent models of AD. Phase I and IIa clinical trials suggest that TNF-α inhibitors might slow down cognitive decline and improve daily activities in AD patients. In the present review, we summarize the evidence pointing towards a beneficial role of anti-TNF-α therapies to prevent or slow the progression of AD. We also present possible physical and pharmacological interventions to modulate TNF-α signaling in AD subjects along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Decourt
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Dr., Sun City AZ 85351, United States
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Institute of Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, 240 West Thomas, Ste 301, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
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Bowyer JF, Tranter KM, Sarkar S, George NI, Hanig JP, Kelly KA, Michalovicz LT, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. Corticosterone and exogenous glucose alter blood glucose levels, neurotoxicity, and vascular toxicity produced by methamphetamine. J Neurochem 2017; 143:198-213. [PMID: 28792619 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have raised the possibility that altered blood glucose levels may influence and/or be predictive of methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous glucose and corticosterone (CORT) pretreatment alone or in combination with METH on blood glucose levels and the neural and vascular toxicity produced. METH exposure consisted of four sequential injections of 5, 7.5, 10, and 10 mg/kg (2 h between injections) D-METH. The three groups given METH in combination with saline, glucose (METH+Glucose), or CORT (METH+CORT) had significantly higher glucose levels compared to the corresponding treatment groups without METH except at 3 h after the last injection. At this last time point, the METH and METH+Glucose groups had lower levels than the non-METH groups, while the METH+CORT group did not. CORT alone or glucose alone did not significantly increase blood glucose. Mortality rates for the METH+CORT (40%) and METH+Glucose (44%) groups were substantially higher than the METH (< 10%) group. Additionally, METH+CORT significantly increased neurodegeneration above the other three METH treatment groups (≈ 2.5-fold in the parietal cortex). Thus, maintaining elevated levels of glucose during METH exposure increases lethality and may exacerbate neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, specifically microglial activation, was associated with degenerating neurons in the parietal cortex and thalamus after METH exposure. The activated microglia in the parietal cortex were surrounding vasculature in most cases and the extent of microglial activation was exacerbated by CORT pretreatment. Our findings show that acute CORT exposure and elevated blood glucose levels can exacerbate METH-induced vascular damage, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and lethality. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13819.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karen M Tranter
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/FDA Silver Spring, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsay T Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane B Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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48
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Mizuma A, Yenari MA. Anti-Inflammatory Targets for the Treatment of Reperfusion Injury in Stroke. Front Neurol 2017; 8:467. [PMID: 28936196 PMCID: PMC5594066 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mainstay of acute stroke treatment includes revascularization via recombinant tissue plasminogen activator or mechanical thrombectomy, only a minority of stroke patients are eligible for treatment, as delayed treatment can lead to worsened outcome. This worsened outcome at the experimental level has been attributed to an entity known as reperfusion injury (R/I). R/I is occurred when revascularization is delayed after critical brain and vascular injury has occurred, so that when oxygenated blood is restored, ischemic damage is increased, rather than decreased. R/I can increase lesion size and also worsen blood barrier breakdown and lead to brain edema and hemorrhage. A major mechanism underlying R/I is that of poststroke inflammation. The poststroke immune response consists of the aberrant activation of glial cell, infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, and the release of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules elaborated by ischemic cells of the brain. Inflammatory mediators involved in this response include cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and several immune molecule effectors such as matrix metalloproteinases-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species. Several experimental studies over the years have characterized these molecules and have shown that their inhibition improves neurological outcome. Yet, numerous clinical studies failed to demonstrate any positive outcomes in stroke patients. However, many of these clinical trials were carried out before the routine use of revascularization therapies. In this review, we cover mechanisms of inflammation involved in R/I, therapeutic targets, and relevant experimental and clinical studies, which might stimulate renewed interest in designing clinical trials to specifically target R/I. We propose that by targeting anti-inflammatory targets in R/I as a combined therapy, it may be possible to further improve outcomes from pharmacological thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizuma
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
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49
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Allred EN, Dammann O, Fichorova RN, Hooper SR, Hunter SJ, Joseph RM, Kuban K, Leviton A, O'Shea TM, Scott MN. Systemic Inflammation during the First Postnatal Month and the Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics among 10 year-old Children Born Extremely Preterm. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:531-543. [PMID: 28405874 PMCID: PMC6508968 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple sources link inflammation with attention difficulties, the only human study that evaluated the relationship between systemic inflammation and attention problems assessed attention at age 2 years. Parent and/or teacher completion of the Childhood Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) provided information about characteristics that screen for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) among 793 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation who had an IQ ≥ 70. The concentrations of 27 proteins in blood spots obtained during the first postnatal month were measured. 151 children with ADHD behaviors were identified by parent report, while 128 children were identified by teacher report. Top-quartile concentrations of IL-6R, TNF-α, IL-8, VEGF, VEFG-R1, and VEGF-R2 on multiple days were associated with increased risk of ADHD symptoms as assessed by a teacher. Some of this increased risk was modulated by top-quartile concentrations of IL-6R, RANTES, EPO, NT-4, BDNF, bFGF, IGF-1, PIGF, Ang-1, and Ang-2. Systemic inflammation during the first postnatal month among children born extremely preterm appears to increase the risk of teacher-identified ADHD characteristics, and high concentrations of proteins with neurotrophic properties appear capable of modulating this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Allred
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott J Hunter
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Karl Kuban
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA.
| | | | - Megan N Scott
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Luo WW, Shu HB. Emerging roles of rhomboid-like pseudoproteases in inflammatory and innate immune responses. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3182-3189. [PMID: 28815577 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rhomboid-like pseudoproteases are a conserved superfamily of proteins related to the rhomboid intramembrane serine proteases that lack key catalytic residues. iRhom2, a member of the rhomboid-like pseudoprotease superfamily, regulates the maturation and trafficking of ADAM17 and is associated with inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies demonstrate that iRhom2 is also involved in innate immunity by regulating the trafficking and stability of MITA (also called STING), which is a central adaptor in innate antiviral signalling pathways. Here, we summarize recent progress on the roles and mechanisms of iRhom2 and its homologues in innate immunity and also discuss the links between the physiological functions of iRhoms and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, China
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