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Sun N, Krauss T, Seeliger C, Kunzke T, Stöckl B, Feuchtinger A, Zhang C, Voss A, Heisz S, Prokopchuk O, Martignoni ME, Janssen KP, Claussnitzer M, Hauner H, Walch A. Inter-organ cross-talk in human cancer cachexia revealed by spatial metabolomics. Metabolism 2024; 161:156034. [PMID: 39299512 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CCx) presents a multifaceted challenge characterized by negative protein and energy balance and systemic inflammatory response activation. While previous CCx studies predominantly focused on mouse models or human body fluids, there's an unmet need to elucidate the molecular inter-organ cross-talk underlying the pathophysiology of human CCx. METHODS Spatial metabolomics were conducted on liver, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, and serum from cachectic and control cancer patients. Organ-wise comparisons were performed using component, pathway enrichment and correlation network analyses. Inter-organ correlations in CCx altered pathways were assessed using Circos. Machine learning on tissues and serum established classifiers as potential diagnostic biomarkers for CCx. RESULTS Distinct metabolic pathway alteration was detected in CCx, with adipose tissues and liver displaying the most significant (P ≤ 0.05) metabolic disturbances. CCx patients exhibited increased metabolic activity in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and liver, contrasting with decreased activity in muscle and serum compared to control patients. Carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism emerged as highly interacting pathways across different organ systems in CCx. Muscle tissue showed decreased (P ≤ 0.001) energy charge in CCx patients, while liver and adipose tissues displayed increased energy charge (P ≤ 0.001). We stratified CCx patients by severity and metabolic changes, finding that visceral adipose tissue is most affected, especially in cases of severe cachexia. Morphometric analysis showed smaller (P ≤ 0.05) adipocyte size in visceral adipose tissue, indicating catabolic processes. We developed tissue-based classifiers for cancer cachexia specific to individual organs, facilitating the transfer of patient serum as minimally invasive diagnostic markers of CCx in the constitution of the organs. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the concept of CCx as a multi-organ syndrome with diverse metabolic alterations, providing insights into the pathophysiology and organ cross-talk of human CCx. This study pioneers spatial metabolomics for CCx, demonstrating the feasibility of distinguishing cachexia status at the organ level using serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Krauss
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stöckl
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Voss
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Heisz
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc E Martignoni
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Dakic T, Jeremic D, Lakic I, Jasnic N, Ruzicic A, Vujovic P, Jevdjovic T. Walnut supplementation increases levels of UCP1 and CD36 in brown adipose tissue independently of diet type. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1735-1745. [PMID: 38478220 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary interventions that modulate the brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity could represent a promising therapy for metabolic disorders. In order to examine if dietary walnuts intake regulates the expression of BAT thermogenic markers levels in healthy and metabolically challenged (fructose fed) animals, rats were initially divided into the control and fructose-fed groups. After nine weeks, these groups were subdivided into the one kept on the original regimens and the other supplemented with walnuts. High-fructose diet resulted in an increased relative BAT mass and no change in UCP1 content, while the walnut supplementation increased the amount of UCP1 in BAT, but did not affect 5-HT, NA, DHPG content and DHPG/NA ratio regardless of the diet. Moreover, the CD36 levels were increased following the walnut consumption, unlike FATP1, GLUT1, GLUT4, and glycogen content which remained unchanged. Additionally, the BAT levels of activated IR and Akt were not affected by walnut consumption, while ERK signaling was decreased. Overall, we found that walnut consumption increased UCP1 and CD36 content in the BAT of both control and metabolically challenged rats, suggesting that FFAs represent the BAT preferred substrate under the previously described circumstances. This further implies that incorporating walnuts into the everyday diet may help to alleviate some symptoms of the metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dusan Jeremic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ruzicic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Cai J, Quan Y, Zhu S, Jiayan Lin, Zhang Q, Liu J, Liang Z, Liao Y, Jiang W, He Y, Su T, Lu F. The browning and mobilization of subcutaneous white adipose tissue supports efficient skin repair. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1287-1301.e7. [PMID: 38838641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Adipocytes in dermis are considered to be important participants in skin repair and regeneration, but the role of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) in skin repair is poorly understood. Here, we revealed the dynamic changes of sWAT during wound healing process. Lineage-tracing mouse studies revealed that sWAT would enter into the large wound bed and participate in the formation of granulation tissue. Moreover, sWAT undergoes beiging after skin injury. Inhibition of sWAT beiging by genetically silencing PRDM16, a key regulator to beiging, hindered wound healing process. The transcriptomics results suggested that beige adipocytes in sWAT abundantly express neuregulin 4 (NRG4), which regulated macrophage polarization and the function of myofibroblasts. In diabetic wounds, the beiging of sWAT was significantly suppressed. Thus, adipocytes from sWAT regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Quan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Lin
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Juzi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhuokai Liang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yufei He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.
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Mota INR, Satari S, Marques IS, Santos JMO, Medeiros R. Adipose tissue rearrangement in cancer cachexia: The involvement of β3-adrenergic receptor associated pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189103. [PMID: 38679401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex multiple organ syndrome that significantly contributes to reduced quality of life and increased mortality among many cancer patients. Its multifactorial nature makes its early diagnosis and effective therapeutic interventions challenging. Adipose tissue is particularly impacted by cachexia, typically through increased lipolysis, browning and thermogenesis, mainly at the onset of the disease. These processes lead to depletion of fat mass and contribute to the dysfunction of other organs. The β-adrenergic signalling pathways are classical players in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. They are activated upon sympathetic stimulation inducing lipolysis, browning and thermogenesis, therefore contributing to energy expenditure. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation may be crucial to the adipose tissue remodelling during cachexia, the literature remains controversial. Moreover, there is limited knowledge regarding sexual dimorphism of adipose tissue in the context of cachexia. This review paper aims to present the current knowledge regarding adipose tissue wasting during CAC, with a specific focus on the role of the β3-adrenergic receptor, placing it as a potential therapeutic target against cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês N R Mota
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Setareh Satari
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Zhang J, Kibret BG, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. The role of brown adipose tissue in mediating healthful longevity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:17. [PMID: 39119146 PMCID: PMC11309368 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2024.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
There are two major subtypes of adipose tissue, i.e., white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). It has been known for a long time that WAT mediates obesity and impairs healthful longevity. More recently, interest has focused on BAT, which, unlike WAT, actually augments healthful aging. The goal of this review is to examine the role of BAT in mediating healthful longevity. A major role for BAT and its related beige adipose tissue is thermogenesis, as a mechanism to maintain body temperature by producing heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) or through UCP1-independent thermogenic pathways. Our hypothesis is that healthful longevity is, in part, mediated by BAT. BAT protects against the major causes of impaired healthful longevity, i.e., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired blood flow. Several genetically engineered mouse models have shown that BAT enhances healthful aging and that their BAT is more potent than wild-type (WT) BAT. For example, when BAT, which increases longevity and exercise performance in mice with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), is transplanted to WT mice, their exercise capacity is enhanced at 3 days after BAT transplantation, whereas BAT transplantation from WT to WT mice also resulted in increased exercise performance, but only at 8 weeks after transplantation. In view of the ability of BAT to mediate healthful longevity, it is likely that a pharmaceutical analog of BAT will become a novel therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Berhanu Geresu Kibret
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Dorothy E. Vatner
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stephen F. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Badawy M, Elsayes KM, Lubner MG, Shehata MA, Fowler K, Kaoud A, Pickhardt PJ. Metabolic syndrome: imaging features and clinical outcomes. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:292-305. [PMID: 38308038 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which affects around a quarter of adults worldwide, is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterized mainly by insulin resistance and central adiposity. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Early identification of the changes induced by metabolic syndrome in target organs and timely intervention (eg, weight reduction) can decrease morbidity and mortality. Imaging can monitor the main components of metabolic syndrome and identify early the development and progression of its sequelae in various organs. In this review, we discuss the imaging features across different modalities that can be used to evaluate changes due to metabolic syndrome, including fatty deposition in different organs, arterial stiffening, liver fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Radiologists can play a vital role in recognizing and following these target organ injuries, which in turn can motivate lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn Fowler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Arwa Kaoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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Neshan M, Tsilimigras DI, Han X, Zhu H, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:252. [PMID: 38334644 PMCID: PMC10854699 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a condition characterized by substantial loss of body weight resulting from the depletion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. A considerable fraction of patients with advanced cancer, particularly those who have been diagnosed with pancreatic or gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, or leukemias, are impacted by this condition. This syndrome manifests at all stages of cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. It heightens the susceptibility to surgical complications, chemotherapy toxicity, functional impairments, breathing difficulties, and fatigue. The early detection of patients with cancer cachexia has the potential to enhance both their quality of life and overall survival rates. Regarding this matter, blood biomarkers, although helpful, possess certain limitations and do not exhibit universal application. Additionally, the available treatment options for cachexia are currently limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathways associated with this condition. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of molecular mechanisms associated with cachexia and potential therapeutic targets for the development of effective treatments for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Neshan
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd 8915887857, Iran;
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
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Zhang Y, Li L, Yang X, Wang C. Revealing the contribution of iron overload-brown adipocytes to iron overload cardiomyopathy: Insights from RNA-seq and exosomes coculture technology. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109458. [PMID: 37802370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload has been demonstrated to be associated with insulin resistance, iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is emerging as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, not only because of its capacity for dissipating excess energy via non-shivering thermogenesis, but also because of its implication in physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, little attention has been devoted to the precise alterations and impacts of iron overload-BAT. We conducted RNA-Seq analysis on BAT samples obtained from mice subjected to a high iron diet (HID) or a normal chow diet (CON), respectively. The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis revealed that 1,289 differentially expressed RNAs (DEGs) were identified, with a higher number of the downregulated genes (910 genes) compared to the upregulated genes (379 genes). The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the downregulated DEGs were primarily involved in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, which were defined as IOC under the iron overload condition. The association between iron overload-BAT with cardiomyopathy was further investigated using exosome coculture technology. Our results demonstrated that the exosomes derived from ferric citrate treated-mature HIB 1B brown adipocytes, could be internalized by HL-1 cardiomyocytes, and contributed to the dysfunction in these cells. The present study has revealed the alterations and impacts of iron overload-BAT, particularly on the onset of IOC via not only RNA-seq but also exosomes coculture technology. The outputs might shed light on the novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemin Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education of Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Oyadomari WY, Anthero GL, Silva MRDA, Porta LC, Oliveira V, Reid PF, Sant'Anna OA, Alves WA, Nani JV, Hayashi MAF. Evaluation of tumor growth remission in a murine model for subcutaneous solid tumors - Benefits of associating the antitumor agent crotamine with mesoporous nanosilica particles to achieve improved dosing frequency and efficacy. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123420. [PMID: 37778514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Crotamine is a highly cationic polypeptide first isolated from South American rattlesnake venom, which exhibits affinity for acidic lysosomal vesicles and proliferating cells. This cationic nature is pivotal for its in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anticancer actions. This study aimed to enhance the antitumor efficacy of crotamine by associating it with the mesoporous SBA-15 silica, known for its controlled release of various chemical agents, including large proteins. This association aimed to mitigate the toxic effects while amplifying the pharmacological potency of several compounds. Comprehensive characterization, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, confirmed the successful association of crotamine with the non-toxic SBA-15 nanoparticles. The TEM imaging revealed nanoparticles with a nearly spherical shape and variations in uniformity upon crotamine association. Furthermore, DLS showed a narrow unimodal size distribution, emphasizing the formation of small aggregates. Zeta potential measurements indicated a distinct shift from negative to positive values upon crotamine association, underscoring its effective adsorption onto SBA-15. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of crotamine:SBA-15 in a murine melanoma model suggested the potential to reduce the frequency of crotamine doses without compromising efficacy. Interestingly, while the oral route enhanced the antitumor efficacy of crotamine, pH-dependent release from SBA-15 was observed. Thus, associating crotamine with SBA-15 could reduce the overall required dose to inhibit solid tumor growth, bolstering the prospect of crotamine as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yoshio Oyadomari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Lessa Anthero
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Marcos R de A Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
| | - Lucas C Porta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Vitor Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wendel A Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
| | - João V Nani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Mirian Akemi Furuie Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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Ye L, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Lei B. Exosomes-regulated lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:27-39. [PMID: 37291031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Targeting the processes of lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, lipid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis, is an optimal strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Beyond cell-cell membrane surface interaction, exosomes are pivotal factors that transduce intercellular signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most research focuses on the role of lipid metabolism in regulating exosome biogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The mechanisms of exosome and ECM-mediated reprogramming of lipid metabolism are currently unclear. We summarize several mechanisms associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer, including transport of exosomal carriers and membrane receptors, activation of the PI3K pathway, ECM ligand-receptor interactions, and mechanical stimulation. This review aims to highlight the significance of these intercellular factors in TME and to deepen the understanding of the functions of exosomes and ECM in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiguang Ye
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
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Jalloul W, Moscalu M, Moscalu R, Jalloul D, Grierosu IC, Ionescu T, Stolniceanu CR, Ghizdovat V, Mocanu V, Iliescu R, Pavaleanu I, Stefanescu C. Off the Beaten Path in Oncology: Active Brown Adipose Tissue by Virtue of Molecular Imaging. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7891-7914. [PMID: 37886942 PMCID: PMC10604972 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is considered beneficial in diabetes and obesity, but it can also have negative effects such as its implication in tumours' pathogenesis and the development of Cancer-induced Cachexia. Since 18F-FDG PET/CT is a common molecular imaging modality used in cancer assessment, we aim to study the 18F-FDG BAT biodistribution in oncological patients and look for possible correlations between BAT activity and different malignancies as well as the patient's weight status. After analysing the total number of oncological 18F-FDG PET/CT scans between 2017 and 2021, we selected patients with active BAT. Based on their BMI, the selected patients were divided into nonobese (NO) vs. overweight and obese (OOB). OOB SUVmaxlean body mass(LBM) had the highest mean values in supraclavicular, latero-cervical, and paravertebral vs. mediastinal and latero-thoracic localisations in NO. BMI was positively correlated with latero-cervical and supraclavicular SUVmax(LBM) but negatively correlated with latero-thoracic and abdominal SUVmax(LBM). Considering the age of the patients, SUVmax(LBM) decreases in the latero-cervical, paravertebral, and abdominal regions. In addition, the males presented lower SUVmax(LBM) values. SUVmax(LBM) was not affected by the treatment strategy or the oncological diagnosis. To conclude, it is mandatory to take into consideration the BAT particularities and effects on weight status in order to optimise the clinical management of oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Moscalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Despina Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Irena Cristina Grierosu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Teodor Ionescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (Pathophysiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Vlad Ghizdovat
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences (Pathophysiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Radu Iliescu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioana Pavaleanu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (W.J.); (D.J.); (I.C.G.); (C.R.S.); (V.G.); (C.S.)
- North East Regional Innovative Cluster for Structural and Molecular Imaging (Imago-Mol), 700115 Iasi, Romania
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de Paula Faria D, D'Arc Campeiro J, de Souza Junqueira M, Real CC, Marques FLN, Hayashi MAF, Sapienza MT. [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]PK11195 PET imaging in the evaluation of brown adipose tissue - effects of cold and pharmacological stimuli and their association with crotamine intake in a male mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108362. [PMID: 37356164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]PK11195 and [18F]FDG in the characterization of brown adipose tissue (BAT). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were studied with the glucose analogue [18F]FDG (n = 21) and the TSPO mitochondrial tracer [11C]PK11195 (n = 28), without stimulus and after cold (6-9 °C) or beta-agonist (CL316243) stimuli. PET studies were performed at baseline and after 21 days of daily treatment with crotamine, which is a peptide described to induce adipocyte tissue browning and to increase BAT metabolism. Tracer uptake (SUVmax) was measured in the interscapular BAT and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The cold stimulus increased [18F]FDG uptake compared to no-stimulus (5.21 ± 1.05 vs. 2.03 ± 0.21, p < 0.0001) and to beta-agonist stimulus (2.65 ± 0.39, p = 0.0003). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [18F]FDG uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group and in the cold-stimulus group, with a significant increase in uptake after CL stimulus (baseline: 2.65 ± 0.39; 21 days crotamine: 4.77 ± 0.81, p = 0.0003). Evaluation of [11C]PK11195 at baseline shows that CL stimulus increases the BAT uptake compared to no-stimulus (4.47 ± 0.66 vs. 3.36 ± 0.68, p = 0.014). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [11C]PK11195 uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group (2.94 ± 0.58, p = 0.7864) and also after CL stimulus (3.55 ± 0.79, p = 0.085). TSPO expression correlated with [11C]PK11195 uptake (r = 0.83, p = 0.018) but not with [18F]FDG uptake (r = 0.40, p = 0.516). CONCLUSIONS [11C]PK11195 allowed the identification of BAT under thermoneutral conditions or after beta3-adrenergic stimulation in a direct correlation with TSPO expression. The beta-adrenergic stimulus, despite presenting a lower intensity of glycolytic activation compared to cold at baseline, allowed the observation of an increase in BAT uptake of [18F]FDG after 21 days of crotamine administration. Although some limitations were observed for the metabolic changes induced by crotamine, this study reinforced the potential of using [11C]PK11195 and/or [18F]FDG-PET to monitor the activation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Campeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Akemi Furuie Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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da Rosa SE, Borba Neves E, Martinez EC, de Barros Sena MA, Mello DBD, de Ribeiro Dos Reis VMM. Comparison of brown adipose tissue activation detected by infrared thermography in men with vs without metabolic syndrome. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103459. [PMID: 36796904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) high density of mitochondria and its thermogenic characteristics promote the dissipation of chemical energy in the form of heat, increasing body caloric expenditure, decreasing plasma levels of lipids and glucose (GL). This makes BAT a potential therapeutic target of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Position Emission Tomography Scanning (PET-CT) is the gold standard for estimating BAT, but it has several limitations, including high cost and high emission of radiation. On the other hand, Infrared Thermography (IRT) is considered a simpler, cheaper and non-invasive method to detect BAT. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare BAT activation through IRT and cold stimulation in men diagnosed without and with MetS. METHODS Sample of 124 (35.3 ± 9.4 years old) men was evaluated of body composition, anthropometric measurements and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hemodynamics, biochemical tests and body skin temperature acquisition. The Student t-test with subsequent effect size by (d) Cohen and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons were conducted. Level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS There was significant interaction between group factor (MetS) vs group moment (BAT activation) in supraclavicular skin temperatures right side (maximum (F(1,122) = 10.4, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.062), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.081) and minimal (F(1,122) = 7.9, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.052)) and left side maximum (F(1,122) = 7.7, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.048), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.037, η2 = 0.007) and minimal (F(1,122) = 9.8, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.012)). The MetS risk factor group didn't present significant increase of SCV temperature BAT after cold stimulation. CONCLUSION Men diagnosed with MetS risk factors seem to activate less BAT, when exposed to cold stimulation, compared to group without MetS risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ezequiel da Rosa
- Researcher in University of Trás-os-Montes Alto Douro (UTAD) Health Superior School, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real CityVila Real, CP: 5000-801, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Researcher in Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, Rebouças, CEP 80230-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Camilo Martinez
- Researcher in University of Trás-os-Montes Alto Douro (UTAD) Health Superior School, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real CityVila Real, CP: 5000-801, Portugal.
| | - Marcio Antônio de Barros Sena
- Researcher in Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute (IPCFEx), Avenida João Luis Alves S/n°, Forte São João, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:22291-090, Brazil.
| | - Danielli Braga de Mello
- Researcher in Physical Education College of the Brazilian Army (EsEFEx), Avenida João Luis Alves S/n°, Forte São João, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:22291-090, Brazil.
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Wang C, Zhang X, Liu M, Qin S, He C, Liu Y, Huai J, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Yang H. Irisin participates in the beneficial effects of exercise in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese pregnant women and a mouse model. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1034443. [PMID: 36741990 PMCID: PMC9892194 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to explore whether irisin participates in the beneficial effects of exercise in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in overweight and obese pregnant women. Study design Sixty overweight and obese pregnant women each in the exercise and control groups were randomly selected from our previous randomized controlled trial. Eighteen obese model mice were generated and divided into exercise and control groups in which body weight, abdominal circumference, anal temperature, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test were recorded. The plasma irisin level, the expression of PGC-1α/FNDC5 and brown (UCP1) and beige adipose (CD137, TMEM26, and TBX-1) marker genes were detected in muscle and adipose tissue. Results In the human study, women in the exercise group had a significantly higher irisin level and lower insulin resistance level than those in the control group. Enhanced expression of beige adipose tissue marker genes (CD137, TMEM26, and TBX-1) in omental adipose tissue and the CD137 gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue were found in the exercise group compared to the control group. In a mouse model, body weight and abdominal circumference were decreased, while glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved, and anal temperature was elevated after exercise intervention. A significantly higher level of irisin was revealed in the exercise group after undergoing exercise treatment. The expression of the beige adipose marker genes CD137 and TBX-1 was significantly higher in the exercise group than in the control group in posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue from the inguinal area and interscapular adipose tissue respectively. Conclusion Our observations show that regular exercise during pregnancy can increase irisin levels, promote white fat beiging/browning, improve glucose homeostasis and enhance body energy expenditure, which may be one of the mechanisms by which exercise prevents GDM.
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Fan L, Lesser AF, Sweet DR, Keerthy KS, Lu Y, Chan ER, Vinayachandran V, Ilkayeva O, Das T, Newgard CB, Jain MK. KLF15 controls brown adipose tissue transcriptional flexibility and metabolism in response to various energetic demands. iScience 2022; 25:105292. [PMID: 36304102 PMCID: PMC9593730 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized metabolic organ responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis. Recently, its activity has been shown to be critical in systemic metabolic health through its utilization and consumption of macronutrients. In the face of energetically demanding states, metabolic flexibility and systemic coordination of nutrient partitioning is requisite for health and survival. In this study, we elucidate BAT's differential transcriptional adaptations in response to multiple nutrient challenges and demonstrate its context-dependent prioritization of lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. We show that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) plays a critical role in BAT metabolic flexibility. BAT-specific loss of KLF15 results in widespread changes in circulating metabolites and severely compromised thermogenesis in response to high energy demands, indicative of impaired nutrient utilization and metabolic flexibility. Together, our data demonstrate KLF15 in BAT plays an indispensable role in partitioning resources to maintain homeostasis and ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alexander F. Lesser
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David R. Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Komal S. Keerthy
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Ashland, OH 44805, USA
| | - Ernest R. Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tapatee Das
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, IR 02903, USA
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, IR 02903, USA
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Wang G, Song A, Bae M, Wang QA. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4119-4132. [PMID: 36214190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores lipids and plays a critical role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. A large group of the population over 65 years old suffer from increased WAT mass, especially in the visceral location. Visceral adiposity accelerates aging through promoting age-associated chronic conditions, significantly shortening life expectancy. Unlike WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as an effective energy sink that burns and disposes of excess lipids and glucose upon activation of thermogenesis. Unfortunately, the thermogenic activity of BAT declines during aging. New appreciation of cellular and functional remodeling of WAT and BAT during aging has emerged in recent years. Efforts are underway to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind these age-associated alterations in WAT and BAT and the impact of these alterations on whole-body metabolism. Lastly, it is intriguing to translate our knowledge obtained from animal models to the clinic to prevent and treat age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 4119-4132, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marie Bae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Aging attenuates diurnal lipid uptake by brown adipose tissue. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7734-7751. [PMID: 36202134 PMCID: PMC9596214 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to cardiometabolic health by taking up glucose and lipids for oxidation, a process that displays a strong diurnal rhythm. While aging has been shown to reduce thermogenic characteristics of BAT, it is as yet unknown whether this reduction is specific to the time of day. Therefore, we assessed whole-body and BAT energy metabolism in young and middle-aged male and female C57BL/6J mice and studied the consequences for lipid metabolism in humanized APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice (also on a C57BL/6J background). We demonstrate that in middle-aged versus young mice body temperature is lower in both male and female mice, while uptake of triglyceride (TG)-derived fatty acids (FAs) by BAT, reflecting metabolic activity, is attenuated at its peak at the onset of the dark (wakeful) phase in female mice. This coincided with delayed plasma clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins and TG-depleted lipoprotein core remnants, and elevated plasma TGs at the same time point. Furthermore, middle-aged female mice showed increased adiposity, accompanied by lipid accumulation, increased expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, and reduced expression of genes involved in fat oxidation and the intracellular clock machinery in BAT. Peak abundance of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a crucial regulator of FA uptake, was attenuated in BAT. Our findings suggest that LPL is a potential therapeutic target for restoring diurnal metabolic BAT activity, and that efficiency of strategies targeting BAT may be improved by including time of day as an important factor.
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18
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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Lin L, Zhang Q, Wang N, Jiang K, Lin Y, Chen Z, Song Q, Liu A, Wang J. Evaluation of brown adipose tissue with intermolecular double-quantum coherence magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4676. [PMID: 35043481 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we propose a single-voxel (SV) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pulse sequence, based on intermolecular double-quantum coherence (iDQC), for in vivo specific assessment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at 3 T. The multilocular adipocyte, present in BAT, typically contains a large number of small lipid droplets surrounded by abundant intracellular water, while the monolocular adipocyte, present in white adipose tissue (WAT), accommodates only a single large lipid droplet with much less water content. The SV-iDQC sequence probes the spatial correlation between water and fat spins at a distance of about the size of an adipocyte, thus can be used for assessment of BAT, even when mixed with WAT and/or muscle tissues. This sequence for measurement of water-to-fat (water-fat) iDQC signals was tested on phantoms and mouse BAT and WAT tissues. It was then used to differentiate adipose tissues in the supraclavicular and subcutaneous regions of healthy youth human volunteers (n = 6). Phantom results with water-fat emulsions demonstrated enhanced water-fat iDQC signal with increased voxel size, increased energy level of emulsification, or increased distribution balance of water and fat spins. The animal tissue experiments resulted in obvious water-fat iDQC signal in mouse BAT, while this signal was almost absent in the WAT spectrum. The optimal choice of the dipolar coupling distance for the observation was approximately 100 μm, as tested on both emulsion phantom and animal tissue. The water-fat iDQC signals observed in the supraclavicular adipose tissues were higher than in the subcutaneous adipose tissues in healthy young volunteers (0.43 ± 0.36 vs. 0.10 ± 0.06, p = 0.06). It was concluded that the iDQC-based sequence has potential for assessment of mouse and human BAT at 3 T, which is of interest for clinical research and the diagnosis of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Lin
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhe Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
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20
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Cao X, Shi T, Zhang C, Jin W, Song L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang F, Rotimi CN, Xu A, Yang J. ACE2 pathway regulates thermogenesis and energy metabolism. eLife 2022; 11:72266. [PMID: 35014608 PMCID: PMC8776250 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of key regulators of energy homeostasis holds important therapeutic promise for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) to generate Ang-(1-7) which acts mainly through the Mas1 receptor. Here, we identify ACE2 pathway as a critical regulator in the maintenance of thermogenesis and energy expenditure. We found that ACE2 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that cold stimulation increases ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) levels in BAT and serum. Ace2 knockout mice (Ace2-/y) and Mas1 knockout mice (Mas1-/-) displayed impaired thermogenesis. Mice transplanted with brown adipose tissue from Mas1-/- display metabolic abnormalities consistent with those seen in the Ace2 and Mas1 knockout mice. In contrast, impaired thermogenesis of Leprdb/db obese diabetic mice and high-fat diet-induced obese mice were ameliorated by overexpression of Ace2 or continuous infusion of Ang-(1-7). Activation of ACE2 pathway was associated with improvement of metabolic parameters, including blood glucose, lipids, and energy expenditure in multiple animal models. Consistently, ACE2 pathway remarkably enhanced the browning of white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, we showed that ACE2 pathway activated Akt/FoxO1 and PKA pathway, leading to induction of UCP1 and activation of mitochondrial function. Our data propose that adaptive thermogenesis requires regulation of ACE2 pathway and highlight novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Meical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Song
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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22
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Antunes-Ricardo M, Guardado-Félix D, Rocha-Pizaña MR, Garza-Martínez J, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Villela-Castrejón J, López-Pacheco F, Serna-Saldívar SO. Opuntia ficus-indica Extract and Isorhamnetin-3-O-Glucosyl-Rhamnoside Diminish Tumor Growth of Colon Cancer Cells Xenografted in Immune-Suppressed Mice through the Activation of Apoptosis Intrinsic Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:434-441. [PMID: 34786663 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica extract (OFI-E) and its glycoside isorhamnetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnoside (IGR) on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and in a xenografted-immunosuppressed mice model. The IC50 values of OFI-E and IGR on colon cancer cells (HT-29 RFP) were determinate, as well as their effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis induction. OFI-E and IGR produced an increased in apoptosis induction, ROS production and a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In xenografted-inmunosupressed mice, OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth rate, myeloperoxidase activity and total cholesterol levels. OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth through the overexpression of cleaved Caspase-9, Hdac11, and Bai1 proteins. OFI-E reduced the expression of bcl-2. Results demonstrated the chemopreventive effects of OFI-E, and its purified compound IGR, showing their potential as an alternative in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - D Guardado-Félix
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - M R Rocha-Pizaña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Garza-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - L Acevedo-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - J A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - J Villela-Castrejón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - F López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - S O Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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23
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Regulation of p27 and Cdk2 Expression in Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Aging and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111745. [PMID: 34769201 PMCID: PMC8584112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging usually comes associated with increased visceral fat accumulation, reaching even an obesity state, and favoring its associated comorbidities. One of the processes involved in aging is cellular senescence, which is highly dependent on the activity of the regulators of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of p27 and cdk2 in different adipose tissue depots during aging, as well as their regulation by obesity in mice. Changes in the expression of p27 and CDK2 in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) biopsies were also analyzed in a human cohort of obesity and type 2 diabetes. p27, but not cdk2, exhibits a lower expression in subcutaneous than in visceral WAT in mice and humans. p27 is drastically downregulated by aging in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT), but not in gonadal WAT, of female mice. Obesity upregulates p27 and cdk2 expression in scWAT, but not in other fat depots of aged mice. In humans, a significant upregulation of p27 was observed in visceral WAT of subjects with obesity. Taken together, these results show a differential adipose depot-dependent regulation of p27 and cdk2 in aging and obesity, suggesting that p27 and cdk2 could contribute to the adipose-tissue depot’s metabolic differences. Further studies are necessary to fully corroborate this hypothesis.
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Nishikawa H, Asai A, Fukunishi S, Nishiguchi S, Higuchi K. Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2021; 13:3519. [PMID: 34684520 PMCID: PMC8541622 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a combination of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, and inactivity. Sarcopenia, defined by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle quality and muscle function, is common in the elderly and is also often seen in patients with acute or chronic muscle-wasting diseases. The relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia has been attracting a great deal of attention these days. Persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and IR are thought to play a complex role in the association between Met-S and sarcopenia. Met-S and sarcopenia adversely affect QOL and contribute to increased frailty, weakness, dependence, and morbidity and mortality. Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (A.A.); (S.F.); (K.H.)
- Premier Departmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (A.A.); (S.F.); (K.H.)
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (A.A.); (S.F.); (K.H.)
- Premier Departmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan; (A.A.); (S.F.); (K.H.)
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25
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Thyroid Hormone Induces Ca 2+-Mediated Mitochondrial Activation in Brown Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168640. [PMID: 34445344 PMCID: PMC8395422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones, including 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), cause a wide spectrum of genomic effects on cellular metabolism and bioenergetic regulation in various tissues. The non-genomic actions of T3 have been reported but are not yet completely understood. Acute T3 treatment significantly enhanced basal, maximal, ATP-linked, and proton-leak oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of primary differentiated mouse brown adipocytes accompanied with increased protein abundances of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). T3 treatment depolarized the resting mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) but augmented oligomycin-induced hyperpolarization in brown adipocytes. Protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were activated by T3, leading to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor, blocked T3-induced autophagic suppression and UCP1 upregulation. T3 increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brown adipocytes. Most of the T3 effects, including mTOR activation, UCP1 upregulation, and OCR increase, were abrogated by intracellular Ca2+ chelation with BAPTA-AM. Calmodulin inhibition with W7 or knockdown of MCU dampened T3-induced mitochondrial activation. Furthermore, edelfosine, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, prevented T3 from acting on [Ca2+]i, UCP1 abundance, Ψm, and OCR. We suggest that short-term exposure of T3 induces UCP1 upregulation and mitochondrial activation due to PLC-mediated [Ca2+]i elevation in brown adipocytes.
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26
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Yi W, Cheng J, Wei Q, Pan R, Song S, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Zhou Y, Su H. Disparities of weather type and geographical location in the impacts of temperature variability on cancer mortality: A multicity case-crossover study in Jiangsu Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110985. [PMID: 33744269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the serious health burden caused by adverse weather events, increasing researches focused on the relationship between temperature variability (TV) and cause-specific mortality, but its association with cancer was not well explored. We aimed to investigate the impacts of TV on cancer mortality and examine the modifying effects of weather type and geographical location as well as other characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Daily city-specific data of cancer deaths, mean temperature (Tmean), maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), relative humidity (RH), rainfall, and air pollutants were collected during 2016-2017 in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China. TV0-t was defined as the standard deviation of the daily Tmax and Tmin on the exposure 0-t days. A two-stage analysis was applied. First, a time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine the odds ratio (OR) and attributable fraction of cancer mortality per 1 °C increase in TV by adjusting for potential confounders. Random effect meta-analysis was used to summarize the pooled ORs. Second, stratified analysis was performed for weather type, geographical location, demographics, and other city-level characteristics. The weather was defined as four types according to days during warm or cold season combined with high or low RH. RESULTS A total of 303670 cases were included in our study. Meta-analysis showed that the ORs of cancer mortality per 1 °C increase in TV0-t significantly increased and peaked in TV0-2 (OR=1.0098, 95% CI: 1.0039-1.0157). The attributable fraction of TV0-2 on cancer mortality was 4.74%, accounting for 14395 deaths in the study period. Significant ORs of TV-related cancer mortality were found during the warm season combined with high RH and in the northern region of Jiangsu. Susceptible groups of TV-related cancer mortality were identified as female patients, patients aged 45-65 years, and those living in cities with lower per capita green area. CONCLUSIONS TV can significantly increase the risk of cancer mortality, especially during warm and humid days and in the northern region of Jiangsu. Findings are of great significance to formulate urban planning, resource allocation, and health intervention to prolong the life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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27
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Narasimhan A, Zhong X, Au EP, Ceppa EP, Nakeeb A, House MG, Zyromski NJ, Schmidt CM, Schloss KNH, Schloss DEI, Liu Y, Jiang G, Hancock BA, Radovich M, Kays JK, Shahda S, Couch ME, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Profiling of Adipose and Skeletal Muscle in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Reveals Distinct Gene Profiles with Convergent Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1975. [PMID: 33923976 PMCID: PMC8073275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia. Although cachexia results from concurrent loss of adipose and muscle tissue, most studies focus on muscle alone. Emerging data demonstrate the prognostic value of fat loss in cachexia. Here we sought to identify the muscle and adipose gene profiles and pathways regulated in cachexia. Matched rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained at surgery from patients with benign conditions (n = 11) and patients with PDAC (n = 24). Self-reported weight loss and body composition measurements defined cachexia status. Gene profiling was done using ion proton sequencing. Results were queried against external datasets for validation. 961 DE genes were identified from muscle and 2000 from adipose tissue, demonstrating greater response of adipose than muscle. In addition to known cachexia genes such as FOXO1, novel genes from muscle, including PPP1R8 and AEN correlated with cancer weight loss. All the adipose correlated genes including SCGN and EDR17 are novel for PDAC cachexia. Pathway analysis demonstrated shared pathways but largely non-overlapping genes in both tissues. Age related muscle loss predominantly had a distinct gene profiles compared to cachexia. This analysis of matched, externally validate gene expression points to novel targets in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Narasimhan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Ernie P. Au
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eugene P. Ceppa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Atilla Nakeeb
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Michael G. House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Zyromski
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - C. Max Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Katheryn N. H. Schloss
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Daniel E. I. Schloss
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Yunlong Liu
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Bradley A. Hancock
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua K. Kays
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Safi Shahda
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marion E. Couch
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.N.); (X.Z.); (E.P.A.); (E.P.C.); (A.N.); (M.G.H.); (N.J.Z.); (C.M.S.); (K.N.H.S.); (D.E.I.S.); (B.A.H.); (M.R.); (J.K.K.); (L.G.K.)
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (M.E.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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28
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Zhao D, Pan Y, Yu N, Bai Y, Ma R, Mo F, Zuo J, Chen B, Jia Q, Zhang D, Liu J, Jiang G, Gao S. Curcumin improves adipocytes browning and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 cells and obese rodent model. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:200974. [PMID: 33959308 PMCID: PMC8074937 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and adipocyte differentiation promote lipid accumulation in the development of obesity and diabetes. Curcumin is an active ingredient extracted from Curcuma longa that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency in metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of curcumin in adipocytes remain largely unexplored. We studied the effects of curcumin on adipogenic differentiation and mitochondrial oxygen consumption and analysed the possible mechanisms. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to assess the effect of curcumin on differentiation of adipocytes. The Mito Stress Test measured by Seahorse XF Analyzer was applied to investigate the effect of curcumin on mitochondrial oxygen consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effect of curcumin on the morphology of both white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) was evaluated in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model. We found that curcumin dose-dependently (10, 20 and 35 µM) induced adipogenic differentiation and the intracellular fat droplet accumulation. Additionally, 10 µM curcumin remarkably enhanced mature adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory function, specifically, accelerating basic mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and uncoupling capacity via the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (p < 0.01). Curcumin administration also attenuated the morphological changes in adipose tissues in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Moreover, curcumin markedly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and PR domain protein 16 (PRDM16) in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the results demonstrate that curcumin promotes the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes by regulating UCP1, PRDM16, PPARγ and PGC-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Educational Office, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Zuo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Guanjian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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29
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Catestatin peptide of chromogranin A as a potential new target for several risk factors management in the course of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111113. [PMID: 33341043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, lipodystrophy, diabetes, and hypertension collectively constitute the main features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), together with insulin resistance (IR), which is considered as a defining element. MetS generally leads to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a determinant cause of mortality and morbidity in humans and animals. Therefore, it is essential to implement and put in place adequate management strategies for the treatment of this disease. Catestatin is a bioactive peptide with 21 amino acids, which is derived through cleaving of the prohormone chromogranin A (CHGA/CgA) that is co-released with catecholamines from secretory vesicles and, which is responsible for hepatic/plasma lipids and insulin levels regulation, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hypertension and attenuates obesity in murine models. In humans, there were few published studies, which showed that low levels of catestatin are significant risk factors for hypertension in adult patients. These accumulating evidence documents clearly that catestatin peptide (CST) is linked to inflammatory and metabolic syndrome diseases and can be a novel regulator of insulin and lipid levels, blood pressure, and cardiac function. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the CST effects in metabolic syndrome given its role in metabolic regulation and thus, provide new insights into the use of CST as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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30
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Brendle C, Stefan N, Grams E, Soekler M, la Fougère C, Pfannenberg C. Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21802. [PMID: 33311572 PMCID: PMC7732986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The determinants of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are not yet known in detail but might serve as future therapeutic targets against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 235 datasets of lymphoma patients with two PET/CT examinations at different time points retrospectively. We assessed the anthropometric characteristics, features related to the metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, season of the PET/CT examination, weight change, prior cancer history, lymphoma subgroups, disease activity, and specific lymphoma-related therapies, and evaluated their association with BAT activity. We found BAT activity in 12% of all examinations, and the incidence of BAT activity after initially negative examinations was 10%. In multivariate regression analysis, the prevalence of BAT activity was associated with age, body mass index, sex, the season of the examination, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and medication on the beta-receptors. New BAT activity arose more often in patients without preceding lymphoma-related therapy. No specific medication was associated with BAT activity. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential connection of BAT with the metabolic syndrome. Preceding lymphoma-related therapy might have an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendle
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eva Grams
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Niu N, Xing H, Wang X, Ding J, Hao Z, Ren C, Ba J, Zheng L, Fu C, Zhao H, Huo L. Comparative [ 18F]FDG and [ 18F]DPA714 PET imaging and time-dependent changes of brown adipose tissue in tumour-bearing mice. Adipocyte 2020; 9:542-549. [PMID: 32902340 PMCID: PMC7714432 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in monitoring energy homeostasis and cancer cachexia. Different from white adipose tissue, BAT is characterized by the presence of a large number of mitochondria in adipocytes. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a critical transporter, is expressed in the outer membrane of mitochondria. We speculated that [18F]DPA714, a specific TSPO tracer, may monitor BAT activity in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. We first analyzed the radioactive uptake of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in BAT of CT26 xenograft mice with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [18F]DPA714. We also studied the BAT uptake of [18F]DPA714 in CT26, A549 and LLC tumor models. The dynamic distribution of [18F]FDG is quite variable among animals, even in mice of the same tumor model (%ID/g-mean: mean ± SDM, 8.61 ± 8.90, n = 16). Contrarily, [18F]DPA714 produced high-quality and stable BAT imaging in different tumor models and different animals of the same model. Interestingly, %ID/g-mean of [18F]DPA714 in BAT was significantly higher on day 26 than that on day 7 in CT26 xenograft model. Taken together, these results strongly indicate the potential feasibility of [18F]DPA714 PET imaging in investigating BAT and energy metabolism during tumor progression in preclinical and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Niu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haiqun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Ba
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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32
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Nishio M, Saeki K. The Remaining Mysteries about Brown Adipose Tissues. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112449. [PMID: 33182625 PMCID: PMC7696203 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is a thermogenic fat tissue originally discovered in small hibernating mammals, is believed to exert anti-obesity effects in humans. Although evidence has been accumulating to show the importance of BAT in metabolism regulation, there are a number of unanswered questions. In this review, we show the remaining mysteries about BATs. The distribution of BAT can be visualized by nuclear medicine examinations; however, the precise localization of human BAT is not yet completely understood. For example, studies of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans have shown that interscapular BAT (iBAT), the largest BAT in mice, exists only in the neonatal period or in early infancy in humans. However, an old anatomical study illustrated the presence of iBAT in adult humans, suggesting that there is a discrepancy between anatomical findings and imaging data. It is also known that BAT secretes various metabolism-improving factors, which are collectively called as BATokines. With small exceptions, however, their main producers are not BAT per se, raising the possibility that there are still more BATokines to be discovered. Although BAT is conceived as a favorable tissue from the standpoint of obesity prevention, it is also involved in the development of unhealthy conditions such as cancer cachexia. In addition, a correlation between browning of mammary gland and progression of breast cancers was shown in a xenotransplantation model. Therefore, the optimal condition should be carefully determined when BAT is considered as a measure the prevention of obesity and improvement of metabolism. Solving BAT mysteries will open a new door for health promotion via advanced understanding of metabolism regulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Nishio
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Kumiko Saeki
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3202-7181
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33
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Hai W, Wu X, Shi S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Li B, Xu Y, Peng J. The effects of season change and fasting on Brown adipose tissue FDG-PET in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Peixoto da Silva S, Santos JMO, Costa E Silva MP, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:619-635. [PMID: 32142217 PMCID: PMC7296264 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age-related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Costa E Silva
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD) and Tumour Biobank, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), Porto, Portugal
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35
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Adami GF, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Camerini G, Cordera R. Adipose Tissue Composition in Obesity and After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 29:3030-3038. [PMID: 31190263 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is a complex organ that regulates food intake and energy expenditure as well as induces low-grade inflammation. This review deals with changes in the composition and activity of the adipose organ after bariatric surgery, focusing on epicardial and ectopic fat and on relationships between white and brown adipose tissues. Postoperative improvements of ectopic fat and epicardial fat size and composition account for the metabolic recovery and the decreased cardiovascular risk. Following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion, a proportional increase in the size and activity of the metabolically active brown adipose tissue was observed, most likely related to the postoperative rearrangement of the entero-hormonal pattern with an increase of GLP-1 production: this aspect would promote the postoperative weight loss and maintenance of post-surgery benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Franco Adami
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 8, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedale-Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 8, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedale-Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 8, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedale-Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camerini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 8, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedale-Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renzo Cordera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 8, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedale-Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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36
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Icard P, Schussler O, Loi M, Bobbio A, Mansuet Lupo A, Wislez M, Iannelli A, Fournel L, Damotte D, Alifano M. Pre-Disease and Pre-Surgery BMI, Weight Loss and Sarcopenia Impact Survival of Resected Lung Cancer Independently of Tumor Stage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E266. [PMID: 31979060 PMCID: PMC7072703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower pre-surgery Body Mass Index (BMI) and low muscle mass impact negatively long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated their influence on survival after major lung resection for NSCLC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was made on 304 consecutive patients. RESULTS Underweight, normal, overweight and obese patients represented 7.6%, 51.6%, 28.6%, and 12.6% of the pre-disease population. Weight loss and gain were recorded in 5% and 44.4% of patients, respectively. Low muscle mass was more frequently associated with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.000001). Overall survival was positively affected by pre-disease (p = 0.036) and pre-surgery (p = 0.017) BMI > 25 kg/m2, and, even more, in case of BMI > 25 kg/m2 and increasing weight (p = 0.012). Long-term outcome was negatively influenced by low muscle mass (p = 0.042) and weight loss (p = 0.0052) as well as age (p = 0.017), ASA categories (p = 0.025), extent of resection (p = 0.0001), pleural invasion (p = 0.0012) and higher pathologic stage (p < 0.0001). Three stepwise multivariable models confirmed the independent favorable prognostic value of higher pre-disease (RR 0.66[0.49-0.89], p = 0.006) and pre-surgery BMI (RR 0.72[0.54-0.98], p = 0.034), and the absence of low muscle mass (RR 0.56[0.37-0.87], p = 0.0091). CONCLUSIONS Body reserves assessed by simple clinical markers impact survival of surgically treated NSCLC. Strategies improving body fat and muscular mass before surgery should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Medical School, Inserm UMR 1199, Biology and Innovative Therapies of Locally Advanced Cancers University Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Humanitas Hospital, Milan 20089, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bobbio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Audrey Mansuet Lupo
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (A.M.L.); (D.D.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marie Wislez
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Nice University Hospital, 06000 Nice, France;
- Department of nutrition, University of Nice Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Pathology Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (A.M.L.); (D.D.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; (P.I.); (O.S.); (A.B.); (L.F.)
- Inserm U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France;
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Zwickl H, Zwickl-Traxler E, Pecherstorfer M. Is Neuronal Histamine Signaling Involved in Cancer Cachexia? Implications and Perspectives. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1409. [PMID: 31921666 PMCID: PMC6933599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present evidence in support of our hypothesis that the neuronal histaminergic system might be involved in cancer cachexia1. To build our premise, we present the research and the reasonable inferences that can be drawn from it in a section by section approach starting from one of the key issues related to cachexia, increased resting energy expenditure (REE), and progressing to the other, anorexia. Based on an extensive survey of the literature and our own deliberations on the abovementioned topics, we investigate whether histamine signaling might be the mechanism used by a tumor to hijack the body's thermogenic machinery. Our hypothesis in short is that hypothalamic histaminergic neurons are stimulated by inputs from the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), which senses tumor traits early in cancer development. Histamine release in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus primarily activates brown adipose tissue (BAT), triggering a highly energy demanding mechanism. Chronic activation of BAT, which, in this context, refers to intermittent and/or low grade activation by the sympathetic nervous system, leads to browning of white adipose tissue and further enhances thermogenic potential. Aberrant histamine signaling not only triggers energy-consuming processes, but also anorexia. Moreover, since functions such as taste, smell, and sleep are governed by discrete structures of the brain, which are targeted by distinct histaminergic neuron populations even relatively minor symptoms of cachexia, such as sleep disturbances and taste and smell distortions, also might be ascribed to aberrant histamine signaling. In late stage cachexia, the sympathetic tone in skeletal muscle breaks down, which we hypothesize might be caused by a reduction in histamine signaling or by the interference of other cachexia related mechanisms. Histamine signaling thus might delineate distinct stages of cachexia progression, with the early phase marked by a PSNS-mediated increase in histamine signaling, increased sympathetic tone and symptomatic adipose tissue depletion, and the late phase characterized by reduced histamine signaling, decreased sympathetic tone and symptomatic muscle wasting. To support our hypothesis, we review the literature from across disciplines and highlight the many commonalities between the mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia and current research findings on the regulation of energy homeostasis (particularly as it relates to hypothalamic histamine signaling). Extrapolating from the current body of knowledge, we develop our hypothetical framework (based on experimentally falsifiable assumptions) about the role of a distinct neuron population in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. Our hope is that presenting our ideas will spark discussion about the pathophysiology of cachexia, cancer's devastating and intractable syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Zwickl
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zwickl-Traxler
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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Vercalsteren E, Vranckx C, Frederix L, Lox M, Lijnen HR, Scroyen I, Hemmeryckx B. Advanced-age C57BL/6JRj mice do not develop obesity upon western-type diet exposure. Adipocyte 2019; 8:105-113. [PMID: 30860940 PMCID: PMC6768272 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1590893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health-threat for every age group. It is well known that young mice (10-12 weeks of age) fed a western-type diet (WD) become obese and develop higher cholesterol levels and liver steatosis whereas insulin sensitivity is reduced. Less is known, however, about the effect of a WD on advanced-age mice. Therefore, 10 week-old (young) and 22 month-old (advanced-age), male C57BL/6JRj mice were kept on either a WD or a control diet (SFD) for 15 weeks. In contrast to young mice, advanced-age mice on WD did not show a higher body weight or adipose tissue (AT)-masses, suggesting a protection against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were not affected upon WD-feeding. A WD, however, did induce more hepatic lipid accumulation as well as increased hepatic expression of the macrophage marker F4/80, in advanced-age mice. There were no significant differences in mRNA levels of uncoupling protein-1 or F4/80 in brown AT (BAT) or of several intestinal integrity markers in colon suggesting that the protection against obesity is not due to excessive BAT or to impaired intestinal absorption of fat. Thus, advanced-age mice, in contrast to their younger counterparts, appeared to be protected against diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vercalsteren
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vranckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Roger Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Scroyen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gennaro N, Pepe G, Antunovic L. 18F-FDG uptake of brown fat and cancer: casualty or causality? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1395-1396. [PMID: 30848328 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Gennaro
- Training School in Radiology, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Pepe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Lidija Antunovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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Shankar K, Kumar D, Gupta S, Varshney S, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Gupta AP, Vishwakarma AL, Gayen JR, Gaikwad AN. Role of brown adipose tissue in modulating adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:354-364. [PMID: 30822393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results in the chronic activation of innate immune system and subsequently sets in diabetes. Aim of the study was to investigate the immunometabolic role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the obesity. We performed both BAT transplantation as well as extirpation experiments in the mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We carried out immune cell profiling in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). BAT transplantation reversed HFD-induced increase in body weight gain and insulin resistance without altering diet intake. Importantly, BAT transplantation attenuated the obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation in terms of decreased pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages, cytotoxic CD8a T-cells and restored anti-inflammatory regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the eWAT. BAT transplantation also improved endogenous BAT activity by elevating protein expression of browning markers (UCP-1, PRDM16 and PGC1α) in it. In addition, BAT transplantation promoted the eWAT expression of various genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (such as Elvol3 and Tfam,). In contrast, extirpation of the interscapular BAT exacerbated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (by increasing M1 macrophages, CD8a T-cell and decreasing Tregs in eWAT). Taken together, our results suggested an important role of BAT in combating obesity-associated metabolic complications. These results open a novel therapeutic option to target obesity and related metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanchita Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anand Prakash Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Abstract
Cachexia is a systemic condition that occurs during many neoplastic diseases, such as cancer. Cachexia in cancer is characterized by loss of body weight and muscle and by adipose tissue wasting and systemic inflammation. Cancer cachexia is often associated with anorexia and increased energy expenditure. Even though the cachectic condition severely affects skeletal muscle, a tissue that accounts for ~40% of total body weight, it represents a multi-organ syndrome that involves tissues and organs such as white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, bone, brain, liver, gut and heart. Indeed, evidence suggests that non-muscle tissues and organs, as well as tumour tissues, secrete soluble factors that act on skeletal muscle to promote wasting. In addition, muscle tissue also releases various factors that can interact with the metabolism of other tissues during cancer. In this Review, we examine the effect of non-muscle tissues and inter-tissue communication in cancer cachexia and discuss studies aimed at developing novel therapeutic strategies for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Higareda-Almaraz JC, Karbiener M, Giroud M, Pauler FM, Gerhalter T, Herzig S, Scheideler M. Norepinephrine triggers an immediate-early regulatory network response in primary human white adipocytes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:794. [PMID: 30390616 PMCID: PMC6215669 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) signaling has a key role in white adipose tissue (WAT) functions, including lipolysis, free fatty acid liberation and, under certain conditions, conversion of white into brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes. However, acute effects of NE stimulation have not been described at the transcriptional network level. RESULTS We used RNA-seq to uncover a broad transcriptional response. The inference of protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction networks allowed us to identify a set of immediate-early genes (IEGs) with high betweenness, validating our approach and suggesting a hierarchical control of transcriptional regulation. In addition, we identified a transcriptional regulatory network with IEGs as master regulators, including HSF1 and NFIL3 as novel NE-induced IEG candidates. Moreover, a functional enrichment analysis and gene clustering into functional modules suggest a crosstalk between metabolic, signaling, and immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our network biology approach explores for the first time the immediate-early systems level response of human adipocytes to acute sympathetic activation, thereby providing a first network basis of early cell fate programs and crosstalks between metabolic and transcriptional networks required for proper WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- NMR laboratory, Institute of Myology, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian M. Pauler
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Present Address: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- NMR laboratory, Institute of Myology, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
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Cordero OJ, Varela-Calviño R. Oral hygiene might prevent cancer. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00879. [PMID: 30417145 PMCID: PMC6218413 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many evidences support that species from the Human Oral Microbiome Database such as Fusobacterium nucleatum or Bacteroides, linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastasis. These typically oral species are invasive anaerobes that form biofilms in their virulent state. Aspirin (a NSAID) has been recently included into routine CRC prevention rationale. NSAIDs can prevent the growth of neoplastic lesions by inhibiting COX enzymes and another set of recently identified COX-independent targets, which include the WNT, AMPK and MTOR signaling pathways, the crosstalk between nucleoli and NF-κB transcriptional activity in apoptosis, and the biochemistry of platelets. These are signaling pathways related to tumor-promoting inflammation. In this process, pathogens or simple deregulation of the microbiota play an important role in CRC. Aspirin and other NSAIDs are efficient inhibitors of biofilm formation and able to control periodontitis development preventing inflammation related to the microbiota of the gingival tissue, so its seems plausible to include this pathway in the mechanisms that aspirin uses to prevent CRC. We propose arguments suggesting that current oral hygiene methods and other future developments against periodontitis might prevent CRC and probably other cancers, alone or in combination with other options; and that the multidisciplinary studies needed to prove this hypothesis might be relevant for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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