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Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Mentxaka A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Reina G, Baixauli J, Casado M, Silva C, Escalada J, Catalán V. Decreased expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome is associated with increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in obesity with type 2 diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:77. [PMID: 38315242 PMCID: PMC10844155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated dysfunctional intestinal permeability contributes to systemic chronic inflammation leading to the development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasomes constitute essential components in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to determine the impact of the inflammasomes in the regulation of gut barrier dysfunction and metabolic inflammation in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Blood samples obtained from 80 volunteers (n = 20 normal weight, n = 21 OB without T2D, n = 39 OB with T2D) and a subgroup of jejunum samples were used in a case-control study. Circulating levels of intestinal damage markers and expression levels of inflammasomes as well as their main effectors (IL-1β and IL-18) and key inflammation-related genes were analyzed. The impact of inflammation-related factors, different metabolites and Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of inflammasomes and intestinal integrity genes was evaluated. The effect of blocking NLRP6 by using siRNA in inflammation was also studied. RESULTS Increased circulating levels (P < 0.01) of the intestinal damage markers endotoxin, LBP, and zonulin in patients with obesity decreased (P < 0.05) after weight loss. Patients with obesity and T2D exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) jejunum gene expression levels of NLRP6 and its main effector IL18 together with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of inflammatory markers. We further showed that while NLRP6 was primarily localized in goblet cells, NLRP3 was localized in the intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of Nlrp1, Nlrp3 and Nlrp6 in the small intestinal tract obtained from rats with diet-induced obesity were found. NLRP6 expression was regulated by taurine, parthenolide and A. muciniphila in the human enterocyte cell line CCL-241. Finally, a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the expression and release of MUC2 after the knockdown of NLRP6 was observed. CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of intestinal damage markers together with the downregulation of NLRP6 and IL18 in the jejunum in obesity-associated T2D suggest a defective inflammasome sensing, driving to an impaired epithelial intestinal barrier that may regulate the progression of multiple obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcos Casado
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Escalada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Becerril S, Cienfuegos JA, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy generates sustained improvement of glycemic control compared with sleeve gastrectomy in the diet-induced obese rat model. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:149-160. [PMID: 37935948 PMCID: PMC10810039 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has become a recognized and effective procedure for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our objective was to directly compare the caloric intake-independent effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with SG (SADI-S) on glucose tolerance in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the differences between bariatric surgery and caloric restriction.A total of 120 adult male Wistar rats with DIO and insulin resistance were randomly assigned to surgical (sham operation, SG, and SADI-S) and dietary (pair-feeding the amount of food eaten by animals undergoing the SG or SADI-S surgeries) interventions. Body weight and food intake were weekly monitored, and 6 weeks after interventions, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma insulin, adiponectin, GIP, GLP-1, and ghrelin levels were determined.The body weight of SADI-S rats was significantly (p < 0.001) lower as compared to the sham-operated, SG, and pair-fed groups. Furthermore, SADI-S rats exhibited decreased whole body fat mass (p < 0.001), lower food efficiency rates (p < 0.001), and increased insulin sensitivity, as well as improved glucose and lipid metabolism compared to that of the SG and pair-fed rats.SADI-S was more effective than SG, or caloric restriction, in improving glycemic control and metabolic profile, with a higher remission of insulin resistance as well as long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier A Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona, Spain.
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McGlone ER, Siebert M, Dore M, Hope DCD, Davies I, Owen B, Khoo B, Goldin R, Carling D, Bloom S, Le Gall M, Tan TM. Sleeve gastrectomy causes weight-loss independent improvements in hepatic steatosis. Liver Int 2023; 43:1890-1900. [PMID: 37208943 PMCID: PMC10947097 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) leads to improvement in hepatic steatosis, associated with weight loss. The aims of this study were to investigate whether VSG leads to weight-loss independent improvements in liver steatosis in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO); and to metabolically and transcriptomically profile hepatic changes in mice undergoing VSG. METHODS Mice with DIO were treated with VSG, sham surgery with subsequent food restriction to weight-match to the VSG group (Sham-WM), or sham surgery with return to unrestricted diet (Sham-Ad lib). Hepatic steatosis, glucose tolerance, insulin and glucagon resistance, and hepatic transcriptomics were investigated at the end of the study period and treatment groups were compared with mice undergoing sham surgery only (Sham-Ad lib). RESULTS VSG led to much greater improvement in liver steatosis than Sham-WM (liver triglyceride mg/mg 2.5 ± 0.1, 2.1 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.1 for Sham-AL, Sham-WM and VSG respectively; p = 0.003). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was improved following VSG only (51.2 ± 8.8, 36.3 ± 5.3, 22.3 ± 6.1 for Sham-AL, Sham-WM and VSG respectively; p = 0.03). The glucagon-alanine index, a measure of glucagon resistance, fell with VSG but was significantly increased in Sham-WM (9.8 ± 1.7, 25.8 ± 4.6 and 5.2 ± 1.2 in Sham Ad-lib, Sham-WM and VSG respectively; p = 0.0003). Genes downstream of glucagon receptor signalling which govern fatty acid synthesis (Acaca, Acacb, Me1, Acly, Fasn and Elovl6) were downregulated following VSG but upregulated in Sham-WM. CONCLUSIONS Changes in glucagon sensitivity may contribute to weight-loss independent improvements in hepatic steatosis following VSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose McGlone
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthieu Siebert
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMRS1149, Inserm, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Marian Dore
- Genomics FacilityMRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - David C. D. Hope
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Iona Davies
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bryn Owen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bernard Khoo
- Division of MedicineUniversity College London, Royal Free HospitalLondonUK
| | - Rob Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dave Carling
- Cellular Stress GroupMRC LMS, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen Bloom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, UMRS1149, Inserm, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Tricia M‐M. Tan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Otero A, Becerril S, Martín M, Cienfuegos JA, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Burrell MA, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Effect of guanylin peptides on pancreas steatosis and function in experimental diet-induced obesity and after bariatric surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185456. [PMID: 37274331 PMCID: PMC10233012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity contributes to ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose organs, including the pancreas. Pancreas steatosis associates with inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. An improvement of pancreatic steatosis and indices of insulin resistance is observed following bariatric surgery, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We sought to analyze whether guanylin (GUCA2A) and uroguanylin (GUCA2B), two gut hormones involved in the regulation of satiety, food preference and adiposity, are involved in the amelioration of pancreas fat accumulation after bariatric surgery. Methods Pancreas steatosis, inflammation, islet number and area were measured in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (n=125) subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution of guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and the expression of the guanylin system were evaluated in rat pancreata by real-time PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of guanylin and uroguanylin on factors involved in insulin secretion and lipogenesis was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells exposed to lipotoxic conditions. Results Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreas steatosis and inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and synthesis. An upregulation of GUCA2A and GUCY2C, but not GUCA2B, was observed in pancreata from rats with diet-induced obesity one month after sleeve gastrectomy. Interestingly, both guanylin and uroguanylin diminished the lipotoxicity in palmitate-treated RIN-m5F β-cells, evidenced by lower steatosis and downregulated lipogenic factors Srebf1, Mogat2 and Dgat1. Both guanylin peptides reduced insulin synthesis (Ins1 and Ins2) and release from RIN-m5F β-cells, but only guanylin upregulated Wnt4, a factor that controls β-cell proliferation and function. Discussion Together, sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic steatosis and improved β-cell function. Several mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis as well as the upregulation of GUCA2A in the pancreas, might explain this beneficial effect of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Otero
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Martín
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Becerril S, Tuero C, Cienfuegos JA, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Improved Adipose Tissue Function after Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911641. [PMID: 36232953 PMCID: PMC9570280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has been recognized as the safest and most effective procedure for controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in carefully selected patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with SG (SADI-S) on the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese rats. A total of 35 four-week-old male Wistar rats were submitted to surgical interventions (sham operation, SG and SADI-S) after 4 months of being fed a high-fat diet. Body weight, metabolic profile and the expression of molecules involved in the control of subcutaneous white (SCWAT), brown (BAT) and beige (BeAT) adipose tissue function were analyzed. SADI-S surgery was associated with significantly decreased amounts of total fat pads (p < 0.001) as well as better control of lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the SG counterparts. An improved expression of molecules involved in fat browning in SCWAT and in the control of BAT and BeAT differentiation and function was observed following SADI-S. Together, our findings provide evidence that the enhanced metabolic improvement and their continued durability after SADI-S compared to SG rely, at least in part, on the improvement of the BeAT phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlota Tuero
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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6
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An Z, Wang H, Mokadem M. Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Mechanism of Energy and Glucose Regulation Post Bariatric Surgery. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:770690. [PMID: 34887725 PMCID: PMC8649921 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.770690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though lifestyle changes are the mainstay approach to address obesity, Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most effective and durable treatments facing this pandemic and its associated metabolic conditions. The traditional classifications of bariatric surgeries labeled them as “restrictive,” “malabsorptive,” or “mixed” types of procedures depending on the anatomical rearrangement of each one of them. This conventional categorization of bariatric surgeries assumed that the “restrictive” procedures induce their weight loss and metabolic effects by reducing gastric content and therefore having a smaller reservoir. Similarly, the “malabsorptive” procedures were thought to induce their main energy homeostatic effects from fecal calorie loss due to intestinal malabsorption. Observational data from human subjects and several studies from rodent models of bariatric surgery showed that neither of those concepts is completely true, at least in explaining the multiple metabolic changes and the alteration in energy balance that those two surgeries induce. Rather, neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been postulated to underly the physiologic effects of those two most performed bariatric procedures. In this review, we go over the role the autonomic nervous system plays- through its parasympathetic and sympathetic branches- in regulating weight balance and glucose homeostasis after SG and RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo An
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
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7
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Zhang MW, Fan BS, Yu JG. Case Report: Miles Surgery Ameliorates High Blood Pressure in a Rectal Carcinoma Patient With Essential Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:762959. [PMID: 34796217 PMCID: PMC8593111 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.762959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major causes of public health problems. Multiple factors affecting gastrointestinal tract function are involved in hypertension. Emerging studies have manifested that gut intervention may play significant roles in regulating blood pressure but the underlying mechanisms are complex and not fully clear. Here, we report a case of 66 years old male who had a long history of hypertension and received Miles surgery for rectal carcinoma. The blood pressure of this patient was returned to normal levels after the operation. The possible reasons could be the modulation of sympathetic tone and the gut microbiota-brain axis. This report provides evidence about the relevance between hypertension and gut intervention particularly in the colorectal sites and gives hints for investigating the possible mechanisms of hypertension and the novel strategy for blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Frühbeck G, Mentxaka A, Ahechu P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Unamuno X, Cienfuegos JA, Casado M, Burrell MA, Martín M, Baixauli J, Valentí V, Moncada R, Reina G, Silva C, Catalán V. The Differential Expression of the Inflammasomes in Adipose Tissue and Colon Influences the Development of Colon Cancer in a Context of Obesity by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6431-6446. [PMID: 34880645 PMCID: PMC8646233 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s335882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes maintain tissue homeostasis and their altered regulation in the colon, and the adipose tissue (AT) leads to chronic activation of inflammatory pathways promoting colon cancer (CC) development. We aimed to analyze the potential involvement of inflammasomes in obesity-associated CC. METHODS Ninety-nine volunteers [61 with obesity (OB) and 38 normoponderal (NP)] further subclassified according to the approved protocol for the diagnosis of CC (58 without CC and 41 with CC) were included in the case-control study. RESULTS CC (P<0.01) and obesity (P<0.01) were accompanied by increased mRNA levels of NLRP3, NLRP6, ASC, IL1B and NOD2 in VAT. Contrarily, patients with CC exhibited a downregulation of NLRP6 and IL18 in their colon. Additionally, we revealed that the decreased Nlrp1 (P<0.05), Nlrp3 (P<0.01) and Nlrp6 (P<0.01) mRNA levels in the colon from obese rats significantly increase (P<0.05) after caloric restriction. Adipocyte-conditioned media obtained from subjects with obesity reduced (P<0.01) the mRNA of NLRP3 as well as molecules involved in maintaining the intestinal integrity (MUC2, CLDN1 and TJP1) and the anti-inflammatory factors FGF21, KLF4, and IL33 and in HT-29 cells. We also found that the knockdown of NLRP6 in HT-29 cells significantly upregulated (P<0.05) the mRNA of NLRP1 and NLRP3 and inhibited (P<0.05) the expression levels of MUC2. Finally, we showed that the incubation of HT-29 with Akkermansia muciniphila influence (P<0.05) the inflammasome expression profile as well as intestinal integrity-related genes and aberrant inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that the downregulated levels of NLRP6 and IL18 in the colon from patients with CC may be responsible for a reduced intestinal-barrier integrity, triggering local inflammation, which in turn acts on the dysfunctional AT in obesity, increasing the expression of different inflammasome components and flaring up a vicious cycle of uncontrollable inflammatory cascades that favours a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Ahechu
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Medical Engineering Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Casado
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A Burrell
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Martín
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Valentí
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Microbiology Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity increases the risk of hypertension. However, blood pressure decreases before any significant loss of body weight after bariatric surgery. We review the mechanisms of the temporal dissociation between blood pressure and body weight after bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS Restrictive and bypass bariatric surgery lower blood pressure and plasma leptin levels within days of the procedure in both hypertensive and normotensive morbidly obese patients. Rapidly decreasing plasma leptin levels and minimal loss of body weight point to reduced sympathetic nervous system activity as the underlying mechanism of rapid blood pressure decline after bariatric surgery. After the early rapid decline, blood pressure does not decrease further in patients who, while still obese, experience a steady loss of body weight for the subsequent 12 months. The divergent effects of bariatric surgery on blood pressure and body weight query the role of excess body weight in the pathobiology of the obesity phenotype of hypertension. The decrease in blood pressure after bariatric surgery is moderate and independent of body weight. The lack of temporal relationship between blood pressure reduction and loss of body weight for 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy questions the nature of the mechanisms underlying obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samson
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenuew, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Karnika Ayinapudi
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenuew, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenuew, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Tanaka M. Improving obesity and blood pressure. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:79-89. [PMID: 31649313 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated hypertension is a serious public health concern. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity, especially in the kidneys, is an important mechanism linking obesity to hypertension. Some adipokines play important roles in elevating blood pressure (BP). Hyperinsulinemia caused by insulin resistance stimulates sodium reabsorption, enhances sodium retention, and increases circulating plasma volume. Hyperinsulinemia also stimulates both the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the SNS, resulting in the acceleration of atherosclerosis through the hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells, which contributes to increased peripheral vascular resistance. Obesity is associated with increased RAAS activity despite volume overload, as the tissue RAASs are stimulated in obese hypertensive individuals. Mineralocorticoid receptor-associated hypertension must also be considered in obese patients with resistant hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Some components of the gut microbiota contribute to BP control; therefore, gut dysbiosis caused by obesity might lead to increased BP. The ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat is higher in Japanese patients than in Caucasian patients, which may explain why Japanese patients are more susceptible to metabolic disorders even though they are less obese than Caucasian individuals. Obesity-associated kidney dysfunction directly increases BP, leading to further deterioration of kidney function. A bodyweight reduction of more than 3% or 5 kg significantly lowers BP. Gastrointestinal bypass surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity and its related metabolic disorders, including hypertension. Because both obesity and hypertension are representative lifestyle-related disorders, lifestyle modification, especially to improve obesity, should be performed first as a treatment for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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11
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Du J, Hu C, Bai J, Peng M, Wang Q, Zhao N, Wang Y, Wang G, Tao K, Wang G, Xia Z. Intestinal Glucose Absorption Was Reduced by Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy via Decreased Gastric Leptin Secretion. Obes Surg 2019; 28:3851-3861. [PMID: 29915972 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unique effects of gastric resection after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on type 2 diabetes mellitus remain unclear. This work aimed to investigate the effects of VSG on gastric leptin expression and intestinal glucose absorption in high-fat diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. HFD mice were randomized into VSG and sham-operation groups, and the relevant parameters were measured at 8 weeks postoperation. RESULTS Higher gastric leptin expression and increased intestinal glucose transport were observed in the HFD mice. Furthermore, VSG reduced gastric leptin expression and the intestinal absorption of alimentary glucose. Both exogenous leptin replenishment during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the addition of leptin into the everted isolated jejunum loops in vitro restored the glucose transport capacity in VSG-operated mice, and this effect was abolished when the glucose transporter GLUT2 was blocked with phloretin. Moreover, phloretin almost completely suppressed glucose transport in the HFD mice. Intestinal immunohistochemistry in the obese mice showed increased GLUT2 and diminished sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) in the apical membrane of enterocytes. Decreased GLUT2 and enhanced SGLT1 were observed following VSG. VSG also reduced the phosphorylation status of protein kinase C isoenzyme β II (PKCβ II) in the jejunum, which was stimulated by the combination of leptin and glucose. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that the decreased secretion of gastric leptin in VSG results in a decrease in intestinal glucose absorption via modulation of GLUT2 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chaojie Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Miaomiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zefeng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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12
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Hypertension is related to impaired metabolic homeostasis and can be regarded as a metabolic disorder. This review presents possible mechanisms by which metabolic disorders increase blood pressure (BP) and discusses the importance of the gut as a novel modulator of BP. Recent Findings Obesity and high salt intake are major risk factors for hypertension. There is a hypothesis of “salt-induced obesity”; i.e., high salt intake may tie to obesity. Heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, especially in the kidney and brain, increases BP in obese patients. Adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to hypertension. Adiponectin induced by a high-salt diet may decrease sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 expression in the kidney, which results in reducing BP. High salt can change secretions of adipokines and RAAS-related components. Evidence has been accumulating linking the gastrointestinal tract to BP. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin decrease BP in both rodents and humans. The sweet taste receptor in enteroendocrine cells increases SGLT1 expression and stimulates sodium/glucose absorption. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves glycemic and BP control due to reducing the activity of SGLT1. Na/H exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) increases BP by stimulating the intestinal absorption of sodium. Gastrin functions as an intestinal sodium taste sensor and inhibits NHE3 activity. Intestinal mineralocorticoid receptors also regulate sodium absorption and BP due to changing ENaC activity. Gastric sensing of sodium induces natriuresis, and gastric distension increases BP. Changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota contribute to hypertension. A high-salt/fat diet may disrupt the gut barrier, which results in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and increased BP. Gut microbiota regulates BP by secreting vasoactive hormones and short-chain fatty acids. BP-lowering effects of probiotics and antibiotics have been reported. Bariatric surgery improves metabolic disorders and hypertension due to increasing GLP-1 secretion, decreasing leptin secretion and SNS activity, and changing gut microbiome composition. Strategies targeting the gastrointestinal system may be therapeutic options for improving metabolic abnormalities and reducing BP in humans. Summary SNS, brain, adipocytes, RAAS, the kidney, the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota play important roles in regulating BP. Most notably, the gut could be a novel target for treatment of hypertension as a metabolic disorder.
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13
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Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Angiogenesis and Adipose Tissue Health in an Obese Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Obes Surg 2019; 29:2942-2951. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Fuchs T, Loureiro MDP, Macedo LE, Nocca D, Nedelcu M, Costa-Casagrande TA. Modelos animais na síndrome metabólica. Rev Col Bras Cir 2018; 45:e1975. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O conhecimento sobre modelos animais para estudo metabólico representa a base da pesquisa nessa área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar os principais modelos animais a serem utilizados no estudo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. Para isso, pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed foi realizada usando as palavras-chave “animal models”, “obesity”, "metabolic syndrome”, e “bariatric surgery”. Várias espécies de animais podem ser usadas para o estudo de distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, os roedores, tanto modelos monogênicos quanto modelos de obesidade induzida por dieta (DIO), são os animais mais utilizados nessa área. Animais monogênicos são a melhor escolha se apenas um aspecto estiver sendo avaliado. Animais DIO tendem a demonstrar melhor a interação entre doença, ambiente e gene. No entanto, eles ainda não são totalmente eficazes para a compreensão de todos os mecanismos dessa doença.
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15
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Mosqueda-Solís A, Sánchez J, Reynés B, Palou M, Portillo MP, Palou A, Picó C. Hesperidin and capsaicin, but not the combination, prevent hepatic steatosis and other metabolic syndrome-related alterations in western diet-fed rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15100. [PMID: 30305645 PMCID: PMC6180094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the potential effects of hesperidin and capsaicin, independently and in combination, to prevent the development of obesity and its related metabolic alterations in rats fed an obesogenic diet. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (animals fed a standard diet), WD (animals fed a high fat/sucrose (western) diet), HESP (animals fed a western diet + hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day)), CAP (animals fed a western diet + capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day)), and HESP + CAP (animals fed a western diet + hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day) + capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day)). Hesperidin and capsaicin were administered by gavage. Capsaicin decreased body fat gain and prevented insulin resistance, whereas hesperidin showed little effect on body fat gain and no apparent effects on insulin resistance. No additive effects were observed with the combination. Capsaicin and hesperidin, separately, improved blood lipid profile, diminished hepatic lipid accumulation, and prevented non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in western diet-fed rats, but the combination showed lower effects. Hesperidin alone, and to a lesser extent capsaicin or the combination, displayed hypotensive effects in western diet-fed rats. In conclusion, capsaicin and hesperidin, separately, exhibit health beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in western diet-fed rats, but the effects are mitigated with the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010, Palma, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010, Palma, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010, Palma, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, 07010, Palma, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Cabrera A, Vives M, Molina A, París M, Raga E, Sánchez A, Sabench F, Del Castillo D. Gastric Plication and Sleeve Gastrectomy in an Experimental Model of Obesity: New Insights into Weight Loss, Intake and Metabolic Results. Obes Surg 2018; 28:3259-3267. [PMID: 29961179 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) is a bariatric surgical technique based on the anatomical principles of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), but its effects on the metabolic profile are still uncertain. The aim of our study is to compare the changes in weight, metabolic parameters and gastric histology following intervention by gastric plication (GP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in an experimental model of obesity. METHODS To conduct the study, 32 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River®) were fattened by means of a cafeteria diet and randomly assigned to the following experimental groups: group 1: GP (n = 12); group 2: SG (n = 12) and group 3: sham (n = 8). RESULTS Unlike the SG group, the GP group attained the weight of the sham group at the end of the experiment (week 16). The GP group continued to eat more cafeteria diet than the SG group. In addition, the SG group achieved better glycaemic control than the GP group. Significantly higher plasma ghrelin levels were observed at week 16 in the GP group than in the SG group (2.29 ± 0.5 vs 1.07 ± 0.4, p < 0.05), which also occurred for the glucagon plasmatic levels (62.71 ± 36.2 vs 24.63 ± 9.3, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GP is not as effective as SG and cannot be considered a metabolic surgery due to observed hormonal variations. The animals subjected to a GP continued to have a high appetite for the cafeteria diet unlike the animals submitted to an SG. Hormonal mechanisms possibly related to glucagon and ghrelin may be involved in this metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Vives
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Molina
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M París
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E Raga
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - F Sabench
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - D Del Castillo
- Surgery Service, University Hospital of Sant Joan, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
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17
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Xiong S, Li Q, Liu D, Zhu Z. Gastrointestinal Tract: a Promising Target for the Management of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:31. [PMID: 28349378 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension remains elusive. Current treatments on hypertension have only achieved modest reductions. Facilitating theoretical research and looking for new therapeutic strategy are urgently needed. Besides food digestion and nutrients absorption, the gastrointestinal tract (GI) has been shown to influence the status of the central nervous system, immune system, metabolism, and cardiovascular homeostasis. Emerging findings demonstrate that endogenous factors derived from GI including gut hormones, autonomic nerve, and gut microbiota play important roles in the regulation of vascular function and/or blood pressure. Meanwhile, evidences from clinical practice and experimental study have found that intervention in GI through metabolic surgery, probiotics consumption, and dietary modification can efficiently ameliorate or even remit hypertension and related cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, we propose that GI might be an initiating organ of hypertension and a promising target for the management of hypertension. Further, illuminating this concept may aid to understand the pathogenesis and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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18
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Li L, Wang X, Bai L, Yu H, Huang Z, Huang A, Luo Y, Wang J. The Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Metabolism and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:1082561. [PMID: 29670912 PMCID: PMC5835276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1082561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose metabolism and changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. METHODS GK rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SG, SG pair-fed plus sham surgery (PF-sham), and ad libitum-fed no surgery (control). Food intake, body weight, blood glucose, GLP-1 and insulin levels, and GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were compared. RESULTS The SG rats exhibited lower postoperative food intake, body weight, and fasting glucose than did the control rats (P < 0.05). SG significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance (P < 0.05). Plasma GLP-1 levels were higher in SG rats than in control or PF-sham rats in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P < 0.05). Blood glucose levels expressed as a percentage of baseline were higher in SG rats than in control rats after exendin (9-39) administration (P < 0.05). The levels of GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were higher in SG rats than in PF-sham and control rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Improvement of glucose metabolism by SG was associated with increased GLP-1 secretion. SG contributes to an increase in plasma GLP-1 levels via increased GLP-1 expression in the mucosa of the jejunum and/or ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anpei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Moncada R, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Méndez-Giménez L, Ramírez B, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Gil MJ, Fernández S, Cienfuegos JA, Valentí V, Frühbeck G. Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Body Weight and Improves Metabolic Profile also in Obesity-Prone Rats. Obes Surg 2017; 26:1537-48. [PMID: 26433590 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to obesity is associated with a notable inter-individual variation. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on weight loss and metabolic profile in obesity-prone (OP) rats vs animals that are non-susceptible to obesity (NSO). METHODS Young male Wistar rats (n = 101) were put in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) programme with ad libitum access to a high-fed diet (HFD) during 12 months. Body weight and food intake were regularly registered. Thereafter, rats were ranked by final body weight to identify the obesity-prone (OP) (n = 13) and non-susceptible to obesity (NSO) (n = 14) animals. OP and NSO rats were submitted to surgical interventions (sham operation, SG and pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized rats). Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure, body temperature, fat pads weight, and metabolic profiling were analysed 4 weeks after surgical or dietary interventions. RESULTS SG in both OP and NSO rats decreased body weight as compared to sham and pair-fed groups (P < 0.05), mainly due to reductions in subcutaneous and perirenal fat mass (P < 0.001). Total weight loss achieved in sleeve-gastrectomized OP and NSO rats was higher than that of pair-fed ones (P < 0.05), showing that the SG effect goes beyond caloric restriction. In this regard, sleeve-gastrectomized rats exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increased basal rectal temperature together with upregulated brown adipose tissue Ucp-1 protein expression levels. A significant (P < 0.05) improvement in insulin sensitivity was also observed in both OP and NSO animals that underwent SG as compared with pair-fed counterparts. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence that obesity-prone rats also benefit from surgery responding effectively to SG, as evidenced by the significant body weight reduction and the metabolic profile improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moncada
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Méndez-Giménez
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Jesús Gil
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Secundino Fernández
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier A Cienfuegos
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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20
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Sleeve Gastrectomy Decreases Body Weight, Whole-Body Adiposity, and Blood Pressure Even in Aged Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2017; 26:1549-58. [PMID: 26439733 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and obesity are two conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to analyze whether an advanced age affects the beneficial effects of sleeve gastrectomy on weight loss and blood pressure in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Young (6-month-old) and old (18-month-old) male Wistar DIO rats (n = 101) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve gastrectomized animals). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean (MBP) blood pressure values and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious, resting animals by non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmography before and 4 weeks after surgical or dietary interventions. RESULTS Aging was associated with higher (P < 0.05) body weight and subcutaneous and perirenal fat mass as well as mild cardiac hypertrophy. Sleeve gastrectomy induced a reduction in body weight, whole-body adiposity, and serum total ghrelin in both young and old DIO rats. The younger group achieved a higher excess weight loss than the older group (164 ± 60 vs. 82 ± 17 %, P < 0.05). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in insulin resistance, SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR without changes in heart weight was observed after sleeve gastrectomy independently of age. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy without increased operative risk in body weight and blood pressure reduction even in aged animals via endocrine changes that go beyond the mere caloric restriction.
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21
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Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Camões SP, da Silva IV, Rodrigues C, Moncada R, Valentí V, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Miranda JP, Soveral G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Role of aquaporin-7 in ghrelin- and GLP-1-induced improvement of pancreatic β-cell function after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1394-1402. [PMID: 28584298 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Glycerol is a key metabolite for lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues as well as for pancreatic insulin secretion. We examined the role of aquaporin-7 (AQP7), the main glycerol channel in β-cells, and AQP12, an aquaporin related to pancreatic damage, in the improvement of pancreatic function and steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy in diet-induced obese rats. SUBJECTS/METHODS Male Wistar obese rats (n=125) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution and expression of AQPs in the rat pancreas were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of ghrelin isoforms and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on insulin secretion, triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and AQP expression was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells. RESULTS Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, steatosis and insulin secretion. Lower ghrelin and higher GLP-1 concentrations were also found after bariatric surgery. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin increased TG content, whereas GLP-1 increased insulin release in RIN-m5F β-cells. Sleeve gastrectomy was associated with an upregulation of AQP7 together with a normalization of the increased AQP12 levels in the rat pancreas. Interestingly, ghrelin and GLP-1 repressed AQP7 and AQP12 expression in RIN-m5F β-cells. AQP7 protein was negatively correlated with intracellular lipid accumulation in acylated ghrelin-treated cells and with insulin release in GLP-1-stimulated β-cells. CONCLUSIONS AQP7 upregulation in β-cells after sleeve gastrectomy contributes, in part, to the improvement of pancreatic steatosis and insulin secretion by increasing intracellular glycerol used for insulin release triggered by GLP-1 rather than for ghrelin-induced TG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Moncada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Valentí
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology &Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are growing epidemics in the modern world. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment for obesity have disappointing long-term results and albeit drugs for hypertension are usually very effective, the necessity of multiple pills and frequent side effects make the adherence to treatment a huge challenge for healthcare systems. Bariatric/metabolic surgery is a very effective treatment and an exponential number of studies have been showing its positive impact beyond weight loss, mainly on type 2 diabetes. There is also growing evidence suggesting that bariatric/metabolic surgery is associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events, but the impact on hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome usually derive from trials' secondary end points. Taking this limitation in mind, bariatric/metabolic surgery action on blood pressure is reaching a significant proportion of hypertension resolution or improvement. In this review, we discussed the current evidence on the impact of bariatric/metabolic surgery on blood pressure control and pointed out perspectives in this research area.
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23
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Cavin JB, Bado A, Le Gall M. Intestinal Adaptations after Bariatric Surgery: Consequences on Glucose Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:354-364. [PMID: 28209316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract can play a direct role in glucose homeostasis by modulating the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and by producing the incretin hormones. In recent years, numerous studies have focused on intestinal adaptation following bariatric surgeries. Changes in the number of incretin (glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) producing cells have been reported, which could result in the modified hormonal response seen after surgery. In addition, the rate of absorption and the intestinal regions exposed to sugars may affect the time course of appearance of glucose in the blood. This review gives new insights into the direct role of the GI tract in the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery, in the context of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Cavin
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - André Bado
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France
| | - Maude Le Gall
- Inserm UMR 1149, UFR de Médecine Paris Diderot, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Unity AP-HP, F-75890 Paris, France.
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24
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McGavigan AK, Henseler ZM, Garibay D, Butler SD, Jayasinghe S, Ley RE, Davisson RL, Cummings BP. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy reduces blood pressure and hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:235-243. [PMID: 28093508 PMCID: PMC5374323 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), causes remarkable improvements in cardiometabolic health, including hypertension remission. However, the mechanisms responsible remain undefined and poorly studied. Therefore, we developed and validated the first murine model of VSG that recapitulates the blood pressure-lowering effect of VSG using gold-standard radiotelemetry technology. We used this model to investigate several potential mechanisms, including body mass, brain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling and brain inflammatory signaling, which are all critical contributors to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated hypertension. Mice fed on a high-fat diet underwent sham or VSG surgery and radiotelemeter implantation. Sham mice were fed ad libitum or were food restricted to match their body mass to VSG-operated mice to determine the role of body mass in the ability of VSG to lower blood pressure. Blood pressure was then measured in freely moving unstressed mice by radiotelemetry. VSG decreased energy intake, body mass and fat mass. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was reduced in VSG-operated mice compared with both sham-operated groups. VSG-induced reductions in MAP were accompanied by a body mass-independent decrease in hypothalamic ER stress, hypothalamic inflammation and sympathetic nervous system tone. Assessment of gut microbial populations revealed VSG-induced increases in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Enterococcus, and decreases in Adlercreutzia. These results suggest that VSG reduces blood pressure, but this is only partly due to the reduction in body weight. VSG-induced reductions in blood pressure may be driven by a decrease in hypothalamic ER stress and inflammatory signaling, and shifts in gut microbial populations. Summary: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice decreases blood pressure independent of body mass, which may be due to a decrease in hypothalamic ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K McGavigan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zachariah M Henseler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Darline Garibay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robin L Davisson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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25
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Basso N, Soricelli E, Castagneto-Gissey L, Casella G, Albanese D, Fava F, Donati C, Tuohy K, Angelini G, La Neve F, Severino A, Kamvissi-Lorenz V, Birkenfeld AL, Bornstein S, Manco M, Mingrone G. Insulin Resistance, Microbiota, and Fat Distribution Changes by a New Model of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Obese Rats. Diabetes 2016; 65:2990-3001. [PMID: 27431457 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic surgery improves insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes possibly because of weight loss. We performed a novel sleeve gastrectomy in rats that resects ∼80% of the glandular portion, leaving the forestomach almost intact (glandular gastrectomy [GG]) and compared subsequent metabolic remodeling with a sham operation. GG did not affect body weight, at least after 10 weeks; improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity likely through increased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and AMPK phosphorylation; and reduced ectopic fat deposition and hepatic glycogen overaccumulation. Body adipose tissue was redistributed, with reduction of intraabdominal fat. We found a reduction of circulating ghrelin levels, increased GLP-1 plasma concentration, and remodeling of gut microbiome diversity characterized by a lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus and a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella These data suggest that at least in rat, the glandular stomach plays a central role in the improvement of insulin resistance, even if obesity persists. GG provides a new model of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Basso
- Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Soricelli
- Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Castagneto-Gissey
- Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casella
- Surgical-Medical Department for Digestive Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Severino
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Kamvissi-Lorenz
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Andrea L Birkenfeld
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K. Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Frikke-Schmidt H, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. Does bariatric surgery improve adipose tissue function? Obes Rev 2016; 17:795-809. [PMID: 27272117 PMCID: PMC5328428 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity. Not only do these types of surgeries produce significant weight loss but also they improve insulin sensitivity and whole body metabolic function. The aim of this review is to explore how altered physiology of adipose tissue may contribute to the potent metabolic effects of some of these procedures. This includes specific effects on various fat depots, the function of individual adipocytes and the interaction between adipose tissue and other key metabolic tissues. Besides a dramatic loss of fat mass, bariatric surgery shifts the distribution of fat from visceral to the subcutaneous compartment favoring metabolic improvement. The sensitivity towards lipolysis controlled by insulin and catecholamines is improved, adipokine secretion is altered and local adipose inflammation as well as systemic inflammatory markers decreases. Some of these changes have been shown to be weight loss independent, and novel hypothesis for these effects includes include changes in bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota and central regulation of metabolism. In conclusion bariatric surgery is capable of improving aspects of adipose tissue function and do so in some cases in ways that are not entirely explained by the potent effect of surgery. © 2016 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - C N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - R J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Bussey CE, Withers SB, Aldous RG, Edwards G, Heagerty AM. Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1377-85. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Bussey
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.E.B., S.B.W., R.G.A., A.M.H.), and Faculty of Life Sciences (G.E.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah B. Withers
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.E.B., S.B.W., R.G.A., A.M.H.), and Faculty of Life Sciences (G.E.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Aldous
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.E.B., S.B.W., R.G.A., A.M.H.), and Faculty of Life Sciences (G.E.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Edwards
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.E.B., S.B.W., R.G.A., A.M.H.), and Faculty of Life Sciences (G.E.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony M. Heagerty
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (C.E.B., S.B.W., R.G.A., A.M.H.), and Faculty of Life Sciences (G.E.), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Hepatic Steatosis by Improving the Coordinated Regulation of Aquaglyceroporins in Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2015; 25:1723-34. [PMID: 25736229 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol constitutes an important metabolite for the control of lipid accumulation and glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of aquaglyceroporins, which are glycerol channels mediating glycerol efflux in adipocytes (AQP3 and AQP7) and glycerol influx (AQP9) in hepatocytes, in the improvement of adiposity and hepatic steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Male Wistar DIO rats (n = 161) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions [fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals]. The tissue distribution and expression of AQPs in biopsies of epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous (SCWAT) white adipose tissue and liver were analyzed by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four weeks after surgery, DIO rats undergoing sleeve gastrectomy showed a reduction in body weight, whole-body adiposity, and hepatic steatosis. DIO was associated with a tendency towards an increase in EWAT AQP3 and SCWAT AQP7 and a decrease in hepatic AQP9. Sleeve gastrectomy downregulated AQP7 in both fat depots and upregulated AQP3 in EWAT, without changing hepatic AQP9. Aqp7 transcript levels in EWAT and SCWAT were positively associated with adiposity and glycemia, while Aqp9 mRNA was negatively correlated with markers of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Our results show, for the first time, that sleeve gastrectomy, a widely applied bariatric surgery procedure, restores the coordinated regulation of fat-specific AQP7 and liver-specific AQP9, thereby improving whole-body adiposity and hepatic steatosis.
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Zhou X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiang D, Wang H. Activation of κ-opioid receptor by U50,488H improves vascular dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25887435 PMCID: PMC4355970 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that activation of κ-opioid receptor (KOR) by U50,488H exhibits potential cardiovascular protective properties. However, the effects of U50,488H on vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) are still not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of U50,488H on vascular dysfunction in diabetic rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into control, DM, DM + vehicle, DM + U50,488H and DM + nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) groups. Streptozotocin injection was used to induce DM. Weight, blood glucose, blood pressure and plasma insulin for each group were measured. Arterial functions were assessed with isolated vessels mounted for isometric tension recordings. Angiotensin II (ANG II), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 translocation were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Activation of KOR by U50,488H reduced the enhanced contractility of aortas to KCl and noradrenaline and increased acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation, which could also protect the aortal ultrastructure in DM. U50,488H treatment resulted in reduction in ANG II, sICAM-1, IL-6 and IL-8 levels and elevation in NO levels, while these effects were abolished by nor-BNI treatment. Further more, eNOS phosphorylation was increased, and NF-κB p65 translocation was decreased after U50,488H treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that U50,488H may have therapeutic effects on diabetic vascular dysfunction by improving endothelial dysfunction and attenuating chronic inflammation, which may be dependent on phosphorylation of eNOS and downstream inhibition of NF-кB.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Streptozocin
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Dingcheng Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guang Zhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510011, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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30
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Zhang H, Pu Y, Chen J, Tong W, Cui Y, Sun F, Zheng Z, Li Q, Yang T, Meng C, Lu Z, Li L, Yan Z, Liu D, Zhu Z. Gastrointestinal intervention ameliorates high blood pressure through antagonizing overdrive of the sympathetic nerve in hypertensive patients and rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000929. [PMID: 25240055 PMCID: PMC4323786 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated the hypothesis that the favorable effects of gastrointestinal (GI) intervention on hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular (CV) disturbances are mediated by antagonizing overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Methods and Results Hypertensive patients with metabolic disturbances underwent laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) underwent RYGB or sham surgery. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated dilation, and anthropometric as well as laboratory parameters were measured at baseline and during follow‐up. Changes of BP and HR in response to cold stress, renal sympathetic nervous activity (RSNA), vasoconstriction induced by electrical field stimulation, microinjection of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and CV function and structure were examined in SHRs with or without surgery. Compared with baseline, BP and HR were significantly reduced in both hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and rats. Impaired endothelial‐dependent vasodilatation and metabolic disturbances in hypertensive patients were also ameliorated after surgery. CV disturbances were reversed by surgery in SHRs. Under acute cold exposure, the variations in BP and HR were smaller in surgically treated SHRs, compared to sham SHRs. RSNA and vasoconstriction induced by perivascular nerve stimulation as well as NTS‐mediated changes of BP were decreased in surgically treated SHRs, compared to sham SHR. Weight loss did not affect BP and RSNA in sham SHRs. Conclusions GI intervention ameliorates HTN in both hypertensive patients and rats by inhibiting overdrive of the SNS. Therefore, targeting gastrointestine could be a novel strategy to treat HTN with metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Zhang
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Yunfei Pu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Weidong Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (W.T.)
| | - Yuanting Cui
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Sun
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Changyuan Meng
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Li Li
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China (H.Z., Y.P., J.C., Y.C., F.S., Z.Z., Q.L., T.Y., C.M., Z.L., L.L., Z.Y., D.L., Z.Z.)
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Perathoner A, Weißenbacher A, Sucher R, Laimer E, Pratschke J, Mittermair R. Significant weight loss and rapid resolution of diabetes and dyslipidemia during short-term follow-up after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2014; 23:1966-72. [PMID: 23868141 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been established as the best option of treatment for morbid obesity. Recently, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become very popular because of good postoperative weight loss and low morbidity. The aim of this study was to report our single-center experience with SG regarding feasibility, morbidity, and outcome. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2011, 93 patients (68 female) with a median age of 46 years underwent laparoscopic SG at our department. Thirteen patients had a history of gastric banding with insufficient weight loss or band-related complications. Clinical outcome and laboratory findings were analyzed. RESULTS The mean preoperative and postoperative body mass index (BMI) was 44.1 ± 6.9 and 33.4 ± 6.8 kg/m(2), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean excessive body weight loss after a median follow-up of 11.9 months was 55.7 % ± 24.9 %. Three bleedings, two staple line leakages, and a deep wound infection required conversion to laparotomy (n = 1), reoperation (n = 4), or endoscopic stent implantation (n = 2). Resolution of diabetes and dyslipidemia was seen in 85 and 50 % of patients, respectively. Blood test results of HbA1c, cholesterols, triglycerides, and leptin showed significant postoperative improvement. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic SG represents a feasible bariatric procedure with good short-term weight loss, low morbidity rate, and efficient resolution of diabetes and dyslipidemia, especially in patients with lower BMI. The significant decrease of leptin necessitates further studies to understand the ambiguous role of leptin in bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perathoner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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Lancha A, Moncada R, Valentí V, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Becerril S, Ramírez B, Méndez-Giménez L, Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J. Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Osteopontin Circulating Levels and Expression in Adipose Tissue and Liver in Rats. Obes Surg 2014; 24:1702-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhou D, Jiang X, Ding W, Zhang D, Yang L, Zhen C, Lu L. Impact of bariatric surgery on ghrelin and obestatin levels in obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:569435. [PMID: 24672803 PMCID: PMC3941146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/569435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy on weight control by different bariatric surgeries and investigate the ghrelin and obestatin changes after these surgeries in obesity and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Obese rats were randomly assigned to receive sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 8), minigastric bypass (MGBP, n = 8), roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP, n = 8), and sham operation (SO, n = 4). Another 4 rats served as control. Besides, Goto-Kakisaki (GK) rats were also randomly divided into similar groups except for total gastrectomy (TG, n = 8) group. The results showed that in obese rats, weigh loss in RYGBP group was similar to that in MGBP group but larger than that in SG group. Ghrelin significantly increased in RYGB group, but obestatin increased in MGBP group. Ghrelin/obestatin ratio significantly decreased in SG group. In GK rats, weight loss was most obvious in TG group. Postoperatively, ghrelin was significantly increased in MGBP and RYGB groups but decreased in TG group. Obestatin also showed an increase in MGBP and RYGB groups. Ghrelin/obestatin in TG group decreased significantly. In conclusion, RYGB and MGBP may be more suitable for obese rats, but TG may be the best strategy for T2DM rats to control weight with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weixing Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- August First Physical Culture and Sports Team, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chengzhu Zhen
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liesheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Huang X, Weng P, Zhang H, Lu Y. Remodeling intestinal flora with sleeve gastrectomy in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:196312. [PMID: 25165722 PMCID: PMC4137729 DOI: 10.1155/2014/196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a complicated symbiotic system, intestinal flora is reported closely related to the development of type 2 diabetes recently. Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the approaches of bariatric surgery and could improve blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients. This study was to explore the relationship between remodeled intestinal flora and glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. METHODS 20 male diabetic rats were operated; 10 of them underwent sleeve gastrectomy, and 10 of them underwent sham operation. Meanwhile 10 male normal rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy as control. The animals' weight and FBG had been measured. The composition changes of intestinal flora were detected by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. RESULTS In diabetic rats, weight and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after sleeve gastrectomy. However, there was no significant change for weight and blood glucose in normal rats after operation. The intestinal flora of diabetic rats reduced in the proportion of Firmicutes and increased in the proportion of Bacteroidetes after sleeve gastrectomy. CONCLUSION The change of dominant microorganisms in intestinal flora might play an important role in the glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Pan Weng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huixin Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- *Yingli Lu:
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Rodríguez A. Novel molecular aspects of ghrelin and leptin in the control of adipobiology and the cardiovascular system. Obes Facts 2014; 7:82-95. [PMID: 24685565 PMCID: PMC5644879 DOI: 10.1159/000360837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and leptin show opposite effects on energy balance. Ghrelin constitutes a gut hormone that is secreted to the bloodstream in two major forms, acylated and desacyl ghrelin. The isoforms of ghrelin not only promote adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons but also directly stimulate the expression of several fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes, including ACC, FAS, LPL and perilipin, thereby stimulating intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation. Moreover, both acylated and desacyl ghrelin reduce TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy in adipocytes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of ghrelin in human adipose tissue. On the other hand, leptin is an adipokine with lipolytic effects. In this sense, leptin modulates via PI3K/Akt/mTOR the expression of aquaglyceroporins such as AQP3 and AQP7 that facilitate glycerol efflux from adipocytes in response to the lipolytic stimuli via its translocation from the cytosolic fraction (AQP3) or lipid droplets (AQP7) to the plasma membrane. Ghrelin and leptin also participate in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin operates as a cardioprotective factor with increased circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) causally related to LV remodeling during the progression to LVH. Additionally, leptin induces vasodilation by inducible NO synthase expression (iNOS) in the vascular wall. In this sense, leptin inhibits the angiotensin II-induced Ca(2+) increase, contraction and proliferation of VSMC through NO-dependent mechanisms. Together, dysregulation of circulating ghrelin isoforms and leptin resistance associated to obesity, type 2 diabetes, or the metabolic syndrome contribute to cardiometabolic derangements observed in these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- *Amaia Rodrèguez, PhD, Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona (Spain),
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Schneck AS, Iannelli A, Patouraux S, Rousseau D, Bonnafous S, Bailly-Maitre B, Le Thuc O, Rovere C, Panaia-Ferrari P, Anty R, Tran A, Gual P, Gugenheim J. Effects of sleeve gastrectomy in high fat diet-induced obese mice: respective role of reduced caloric intake, white adipose tissue inflammation and changes in adipose tissue and ectopic fat depots. Surg Endosc 2013; 28:592-602. [PMID: 24196540 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-013-3211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a popular bariatric procedure. The mechanisms responsible for weight loss and improvement of metabolic disturbances have still not been completely elucidated. We investigated the effect of SG on body weight, adipose tissue depots, glucose tolerance, and liver steatosis independent of reduced caloric intake in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. METHODS C57BI/6 J mice fed a high fat diet (45 %) for 33 weeks were divided into three groups: sleeve gastrectomy (SG, 13 mice), sham-operated ad libitum fed (SALF, 13 mice) and sham-operated pair fed (PFS, 13 mice). The animals were humanely killed 23 days after surgery. RESULTS In SG mice, food intake was reduced transiently, but weight loss was significant and persistent compared to controls (SG vs. PFS, P < 0.05; PFS vs. SALF, P < 0.05). SG mice showed improved glucose tolerance and lower levels of liver steatosis compared with controls (area under the curve, SG vs. PFS, P < 0.01; PFS vs. SALF, P < 0.05) (liver steatosis, SG vs. PFS, P < 0.05; PFS vs. SALF, P < 0.01). This was associated with a decrease in the ratios of the weight of pancreas, epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues to body weight, and an increase in the ratio of brown adipose tissue weight to body weight. Epididymal adipose tissue was also infiltrated by fewer activated T cells and by more anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells. Serum levels of fasting acyl ghrelin were still significantly decreased 3 weeks after surgery in SG mice compared to PFS mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reduced white adipose tissue inflammation, modification of adipose tissue development (brown vs. white adipose tissue), and ectopic fat are potential mechanisms that may account for the reduced caloric intake independent effects of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Schneck
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet, Pôle Digestif, Nice, France,
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Ionut V, Burch M, Youdim A, Bergman RN. Gastrointestinal hormones and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1093-103. [PMID: 23512841 PMCID: PMC4423817 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity continues to be a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. While recent statistics have demonstrated that obesity rates have begun to plateau, more severe classes of obesity are accelerating at a faster pace with important implications in regards to treatment. Bariatric surgery has a profound and durable effect on weight loss, being to date one of the most successful interventions for obesity. OBJECTIVE To provide updates to the possible role of gut hormones in post bariatric surgery weight loss and weight loss maintenance. DESIGN AND METHODS The current review examines the changes in gastro-intestinal hormones with bariatric surgery and the potential mechanisms by which these changes could result in decreased weight and adiposity. RESULTS The mechanism by which bariatric surgery results in body weight changes is incompletely elucidated, but it clearly goes beyond caloric restriction and malabsorption. CONCLUSION Changes in gastro-intestinal hormones, including increases in GLP-1, PYY, and oxyntomodulin, decreases in GIP and ghrelin, or the combined action of all these hormones might play a role in induction and long-term maintenance of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Ionut
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Wang D, Luo P, Wang Y, Li W, Wang C, Sun D, Zhang R, Su T, Ma X, Zeng C, Wang H, Ren J, Cao F. Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes via a cAMP/PKA/Rho-dependent mechanism. Diabetes 2013; 62:1697-708. [PMID: 23364453 PMCID: PMC3636622 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac microvascular function contributes to cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exhibits potential cardioprotective properties in addition to its glucose-lowering effect. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of GLP-1 on cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes and the underlying mechanism involved. Experimental diabetes was induced using streptozotocin in rats. Cohorts of diabetic rats received a 12-week treatment of vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) or exenatide (GLP-1 analog). Experimental diabetes attenuated cardiac function, glucose uptake, and microvascular barrier function, which were significantly improved by vildagliptin or exenatide treatment. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and cultured in normal or high glucose medium with or without GLP-1. GLP-1 decreased high-glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic index, as well as the levels of NADPH oxidase such as p47(phox) and gp91(phox). Furthermore, cAMP/PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity) was increased and Rho-expression was decreased in high-glucose-induced CMECs after GLP-1 treatment. In conclusion, GLP-1 could protect the cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the resultant microvascular barrier dysfunction in diabetes, which may contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and cardiac glucose metabolism in diabetes. The protective effects of GLP-1 are dependent on downstream inhibition of Rho through a cAMP/PKA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author: Feng Cao, , or Jun Ren, , or Haichang Wang,
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Rodríguez A, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Méndez-Giménez L, Ramírez B, Lancha A, Martín M, Burrell MA, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Comment on “Short-Term Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Caloric Restriction on Blood Pressure in Diet-Induced Obese Rats”. Obes Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Asakawa A, Kato I, Inui A. Comment on Short-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy and caloric restriction on blood pressure in diet-induced obese rats. Obes Surg 2012; 22:1788-9; author reply 1786-7. [PMID: 22956252 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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