1
|
Zhou K, Zhang Q, Yuan Z, Yan Y, Zhao Q, Wang J. Plasma fatty acids and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Mendelian randomization investigation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1368942. [PMID: 38764473 PMCID: PMC11099612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1368942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood, and pathogenesis is not fully understood. Observational studies suggest an association between fatty acids abnormalities and ADHD, but there are contradictions and differences between these findings. To address this uncertainty, we employed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between fatty acids and ADHD. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly correlated with fatty acid levels from the CHARGE Consortium as our instruments. The outcome data were sourced from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) dataset on ADHD, comprising 225,534 individuals, with 162,384 cases and 65,693 controls. Inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were employed to estimate the causal relationship between fatty acids and ADHD. Cochran's Q-test was used to quantify heterogeneity of instrumental variables. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger intercept tests, leave-one-out analyses, and funnel plots. Results The MR analysis revealed no significant associations between genetically predicted levels of various saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including omega-3 and omega-6) and ADHD risk in the CHARGE and PGC cohorts. Notably, an initial association with Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) (OR = 1.009, p = 0.032 by IVW) did not persist after correction for multiple testing (adjusted p-value = 0.286). Sensitivity analysis supported our findings, indicating robustness. Moreover, there was a lack of evidence supporting a causal link from ADHD to fatty acids. Conclusion While our study on the basis of genetic data does not provide evidence to support the causal role of fatty acids in ADHD, it does not preclude their potential involvement in reducing the risk of ADHD. Further research is needed to explore this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yurou Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du M, Gong M, Wu G, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) vs Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Comprehensive Review of Potential Advantages in Molecular Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Production Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5503-5525. [PMID: 38442367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively characterized due to its many biological activities and health benefits, but conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is still not well understood. However, CLnA has shown to be more effective than CLA as a potential functional food ingredient. Current research has not thoroughly investigated the differences and advantages between CLnA and CLA. This article compares CLnA and CLA based on molecular characteristics, including structural, chemical, and metabolic characteristics. Then, the in vivo research evidence of CLnA on various health benefits is comprehensively reviewed and compared with CLA in terms of effectiveness and mechanism. Furthermore, the potential of CLnA in production technology and product protection is analyzed. In general, CLnA and CLA have similar physicochemical properties of conjugated molecules and share many similarities in regulation effects and pathways of various health benefits as well as in the production methods. However, their specific properties, regulatory capabilities, and unique mechanisms are different. The superior potential of CLnA must be specified according to the practical application patterns of isomers. Future research should focus more on the advantageous characteristics of different isomers, especially the effectiveness and safety in clinical applications in order to truly exert the potential value of CLnA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Machado M, Sousa S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Anti-obesity potential of a yogurt functionalized with a CLNA-rich pomegranate oil. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113364. [PMID: 37803704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate oil is rich in conjugated linolenic acids, compounds which have attracted attention due to their potential applicability in obesity management as they are capable of modulating leptin and adiponectin secretion and regulate fatty acids storage and glucose metabolism. Among the possible bioactive foodstuffs capable of delivering these bioactive compounds yogurts have shown potential. Thus, the purpose of this work was to develop functional yogurts through the addition of pomegranate oil either in its free or encapsulated (used as a protective strategy against oxidation and gastrointestinal tract passage) forms. To that end, the pomegranate oil (free and encapsulated) was incorporated in yogurt and the functional yogurt capacity to modulate hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte metabolism (in terms of lipolysis, and adipokines secretion) and immune response was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pomegranate oil's incorporation led to an improvement in the yogurts' nutritional values, with a reduction in its atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes (more than 78% for atherogenic and 76% for thrombogenic index) and an enhancement of its hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (more than 62%) when compared to the control yogurt. Furthermore, data also showed for the first time how these functional yogurts promoted modulation of metabolic processes post GIT as they were capable of reducing by 40% triglycerides accumulation in steatosis-induced Hep G2 cells and by 30 % in differentiated adipocytes. Moreover, samples also showed a capacity to modulate the leptin and adiponectin secretion (56 % of increase in adiponectin) and reduce the IL-6 secretion (ca 44%) and TNF-α (ca 12%) in LPS-stimulated cells. Thus, the CLNA-rich yogurt here developed showed potential as a viable nutraceutical alternative for obesity management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rodriguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghorani V, Saadat S, Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, El-Seedi H, Boskabady MH. Phytochemical Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory, Immunoregulatory, and Antioxidant Effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A Comprehensive Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2075444. [PMID: 37693918 PMCID: PMC10484659 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2075444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea) or purslane is a plant from the Portulacaceae family, which is used as food and traditional medicine for various diseases. This review article provides comprehensive information on the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of P. oleracea and its constituents. The literature survey of the different databases until the end of June 2023 was explored based on the keywords including the "P. oleracea, purslane, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties." The plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and some other compounds. The results indicated that P. oleracea and its constituents showed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties through reduction of inflammatory mediators including interferon gama (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Improvement in cytokines' serum levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4) and increased IgG and IgM serum levels, as well as reduction of IgE, phospholipase A2, and total protein were demonstrated for P. oleracea. The plant and its constituents also improved oxidative stress by reduction of oxidant and increase of antioxidant markers. P. oleracea could be considered as an effective remedy for various inflammatory and immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cairone F, Salvitti C, Iazzetti A, Fabrizi G, Troiani A, Pepi F, Cesa S. In-Depth Chemical Characterization of Punica granatum L. Seed Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081592. [PMID: 37107387 PMCID: PMC10138243 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit seeds belonging to the pomegranate cultivar "Granata" were subjected to extraction and oily component analysis, with the aim of obtaining information about their composition. The presence of conjugated isomers of linolenic acid (CLNA isomers) in the oily phase extracted from the seeds gives a high added value to this part of the fruit, which is too often considered and treated as waste. The separated seeds were subjected to a classic Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane or extraction with supercritical CO2, assisted by ethanol. The resulting oils were evaluated by 1H and 13C-NMR and AP-MALDI-MS techniques. Differences in the triacylglycerols composition, with particular regard to punicic acid and other CLNA content, were studied in depth. Results showed the prevalence of punicic acid in the triacylglycerol mixture up to the 75%, with clear preponderance in the extract by supercritical fluids. Consequently, other CLNA isomers are, altogether, two-fold less represented in the supercritical extract than in the Soxhlet one. The two oily residues were subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE) and to HPLC-DAD analysis for the polyphenolic isolation and characterization. In addition to HPLC analysis, which showed different content and composition, DPPH analysis to evaluate the antiradical potential showed that the extract obtained with supercritical CO2 was much more active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Iazzetti
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' Foundation-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Troiani
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pepi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koza J, Jurgoński A. Asteraceae Seeds as Alternative Ingredients in a Fibre-Rich Diet: Protein Quality and Metabolic Effects in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073275. [PMID: 37050040 PMCID: PMC10096475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We verified whether milk thistle seeds and pot marigold seeds provided valuable components for a fibre-rich diet and how their addition affected body composition, nitrogen balance and lipid metabolism in rats. Growing rats were fed a control diet (5% fibre) or three fibre-rich diets (24% fibre), which contained cellulose as the sole source of fibre (24%; positive control), milk thistle seeds (32%) or pot marigold seeds (39%). All diets were balanced in macronutrients, including total protein content (9%), which was half of the amount recommended for rats to maximise protein absorption and utilisation, and the ratio of plant protein to animal protein (approx. 1:1). After 4 weeks, dietary pot marigold seeds reduced body weight gain, which translated into lower gains of body fat and lean mass in rats (all at p ≤ 0.05). Protein digestibility differed among individual fibre-rich diets (p ≤ 0.05), with the lowest result having been recorded for dietary pot marigold seeds (73%), followed by dietary milk thistle seeds (78%), and the highest result having been recorded for dietary soybean protein isolate (control protein source, 89%). Nitrogen retention was higher with dietary soybean protein isolate (53%) and dietary milk thistle seeds (47%) than with dietary pot marigold seeds (38%) (p ≤ 0.05). In the caecal digesta, the concentrations of the major short-chain fatty acids were almost or >2-fold higher after dietary milk thistle seeds and pot marigold seeds than after the positive control diet (all at p ≤ 0.05). Dietary pot marigold seeds enlarged the liver and increased the plasma activities of liver enzymes but reduced hepatic lipid contents (all at p ≤ 0.05). Certain Asteraceae seeds provide components of varied nutritional quality, with milk thistle seeds being a relatively good source of protein and both types of seeds being a source of fermentable fibre. Pot marigold seeds have potential anti-obesogenic effects, but with the risk of damaging internal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Koza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Untargeted Metabolomics Based Prediction of Therapeutic Potential for Apigenin and Chrysin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044066. [PMID: 36835484 PMCID: PMC9967419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prominent flavonoids apigenin and chrysin have been demonstrated to have systemic benefits. Our previous work was first to establish the impact of apigenin and chrysin on cellular transcriptome. In the current study, we have revealed the ability of apigenin and chrysin to alter the cellular metabolome based on our untargeted metabolomics. Based on our metabolomics data, both these structurally related flavonoids demonstrate diverging and converging properties. Apigenin demonstrated the potential to possess anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant properties through the upregulation of intermediate metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid pathways. Chrysin, on the other hand, exhibited abilities to inhibit protein and pyrimidine synthesis along with downregulation of gluconeogenesis pathways based on the altered metabolites detected. Chrysin-mediated metabolite changes are mostly due to its ability to modulate L-alanine metabolism and the urea cycle. On the other hand, both the flavonoids also demonstrated converging properties. Apigenin and chrysin were able to downregulate metabolites involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and uric acid synthesis, namely 7-dehydrocholesterol and xanthosine, respectively. This work will provide understanding regarding the diverse therapeutic potential of these naturally occurring flavonoids and help us in curbing an array of metabolic complications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bölükbaşı ŞC, Dumlu B, Yağanoğlu AM. Improved biological value of eggs due to the addition of pomegranate seed oil to laying-hen diets. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:121-129. [PMID: 37124942 PMCID: PMC10134752 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-121-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the addition of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) at different levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mL kg - 1 ) to laying-hen rations on performance values, egg quality criteria, egg shelf life, some enzyme activity, and the fatty acid composition of yolks were investigated. In the study, 96 Lohman LSL laying hens at 64 weeks of age were used. The trial consisted of four groups, each containing 24 hens. Chickens were given feed and water ad libitum during the 8-week experiment. The first group was the control group and was fed with a basal diet, while the other groups were fed with feeds with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL kg - 1 PSO added to the basal feed, respectively. The lowest feed consumption and the highest egg weight were determined in the 1 mL kg - 1 PSO group. The highest feed conversion ratio, the lowest eggshell weight, and the shell-breaking strength were determined in the 0.5 mL kg - 1 PSO group. It was determined that the egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the groups to which pomegranate seed oil was added was significantly lower than the control group on the 28th day of storage. The lowest glutation (GSH) and catalase values were found in the control group, and the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was found in the 1 mL kg - 1 PSO group. It was determined that the addition of PSO to the diet significantly increased the rate of saturated fatty acids (SEFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) in yolk. The results showed that the addition of 1 mL kg - 1 pomegranate seed oil to the feeds decreased feed consumption, increased egg weight, and positively affected the shelf life of the egg. In short, the addition of PSO had a positive effect on shelf life, and it increased punicic acid and CLA levels without reducing egg quality.
Collapse
|
9
|
Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Shahed FAZN, Shoeb HH, El-Shawwa MM. Effect of isotretinoin (Netlook) on the testis of adult male albino rats and the role of omega 3 supplementation: A histological and biochemical study. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5213-5221. [PMID: 36098243 PMCID: PMC9575098 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotretinoin is an oral retinoid which used across the world in the treatment of patients especially adolescents complaining of acne. In spite of the prevalent clinical use of isotretinoin, the generation of oxidative stress with the affection of several organs leads to the limitation and restriction of its use. Omega-3 (N-3) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) with powerful antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes occurring in the rat testis following isotretinoin intake and to evaluate the role of omega 3 supplementation in ameliorating testicular damage. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I is the control group, group II received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water and group III received isotretinoin (1.0 mg/kg/day) and omega 3 (400 mg/kg/day). Testis samples were collected and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. The blood samples were collected for biochemical assessments. Results indicated that isotretinoin caused histological changes in all stages of spermatogenesis and alterations of the hormonal assay. These changes in the rat testis which were corrected by omega 3 use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala H Shoeb
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M El-Shawwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Machado M, Costa EM, Silva S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Pomegranate Oil’s Potential as an Anti-Obesity Ingredient. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154958. [PMID: 35956908 PMCID: PMC9370579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, pomegranate oil has obtained more attention due to its content of conjugated linolenic acids and possible application in the prevention of many diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential ability of pomegranate oil to modulate obesity-related metabolism and immune response using in vitro models. In this regard, pomegranate oil was characterized in terms of fatty acids profile, tocopherols and phytosterols, and antioxidant capacity. After evaluation of the safety profile, pomegranate oil’s capacity to modulate obesity-related metabolism was evaluated through adipolysis and adipokines secretion quantification in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes and hepatic lipid accumulation assay in Hep G2 hepatocytes. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in Caco-2 cells by quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. This oil showed high antioxidant capacity and was mainly composed of conjugated fatty acid, namely punicic acid. Its chemical composition was responsible for its capacity to reduce the lipid accumulation in Hep G2 cells and 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. In short, pomegranate oil shows great potential for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals targeting obesity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pewan SB, Otto JR, Kinobe RT, Adegboye OA, Malau-Aduli AEO. Nutritional Enhancement of Health Beneficial Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Muscle, Liver, Kidney, and Heart of Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA Lambs Fed Pellets Fortified with Omega-3 Oil in a Feedlot System. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090912. [PMID: 34571789 PMCID: PMC8465306 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The problem addressed in this research was the possibility of enhancing the nutritional value and health beneficial omega-3 long-chain fatty acid content of lamb and its edible components. The aims and objectives were to evaluate the omega-3 contents of muscle, liver, kidney, and heart of lot-fed Tattykeel Australian White lambs of the MARGRA brand, in response to dietary supplementation with or without omega-3 oil fortified pellets. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of omega-3 oil in feedlot diets of lambs enhances the human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of edible muscle tissue and organs without compromising meat quality or shelf life. These results are valuable to society because of increased functionality, health benefits, micro-marbling, tender, mouth-melting taste, and high-end eating quality experience of MARGRA lamb tissues and organs. Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional enhancement of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) composition of edible lamb Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, heart, kidney, and liver in response to dietary supplementation of lot-fed lambs with or without omega-3 oil fortified pellets. The hypothesis tested was that fortifying feedlot pellets with omega-3 oil will enhance the human health beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA composition of edible lamb muscle tissue and organs. Seventy-five Tattykeel Australian White lambs exclusive to the MARGRA brand, with an average body weight of 30 kg at six months of age, were randomly assigned to the following three dietary treatments of 25 lambs each, and lot-fed as a cohort for 47 days in a completely randomized experimental design: (1) Control grain pellets without oil plus hay; (2) Omega-3 oil fortified grain pellets plus hay; and (3) Commercial whole grain pellets plus hay. All lambs had ad libitum access to the basal hay diet and water. Post-slaughter fatty acid composition of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, liver, kidney, and heart were determined using thee gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry technique. Results indicated significant variations (p < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles between tissues and organs. Omega-3 oil fortified pellets significantly (p < 0.05) increased ≥C20 n-3 LC-PUFA (C20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoate, EPA + C22:5n3 docosapentaenoate, DPA + C22:6n3 docosahexanoate DHA); C18:3n-3 alpha-linolenate, ALA; C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid, CLA; total monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA; polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA contents; and reduced the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in all lamb organs and tissues without impacting shelf-life. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of omega-3 oil in feedlot diets of lambs enhances the human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of edible muscle tissue and organs without compromising meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach Benjamin Pewan
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Private Mail Bag 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Roger Otto
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
| | - Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (S.B.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-747-815-339
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yunes RA, Poluektova EU, Vasileva EV, Odorskaya MV, Marsova MV, Kovalev GI, Danilenko VN. A Multi-strain Potential Probiotic Formulation of GABA-Producing Lactobacillus plantarum 90sk and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150 with Antidepressant Effects. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:973-979. [PMID: 31677091 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, a number of studies conclusively show that certain bacterial strains, mainly from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, influence the functioning of the central nervous system, leading to changes in beahvior, nociception and the cognitive abilities of humans and animals. Such strains serve as the basis for developing probiotics with a curative potential for the central nervous system - psychobioitcs. However, the question of how to find such strains and which criteria to use for their selection remains unanswered. Some compounds produced by bacteria, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, are potential mediators between bacterial cells and the host. Previously, we established that some species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are capable of producing GABA. We presumed that GABA-producing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are great candidates to use as psychobiotics. Therefore, we selected the strains Lactobacillus plantarum 90sk and Bifidobacterium adolescentis 150 as efficient GABA producers. The goal of this work was to assess the probiotic properties of the selected strains as well as their antidepressive effects in mice. We established that the ingestion of the probiotic composition based on the selected strains by BALB/c mice for 2 weeks reduced depressive-like behavior in the forced swimming test; the effect was similar to that of fluoxetine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Yunes
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - E U Poluektova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E V Vasileva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M V Odorskaya
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M V Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G I Kovalev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V N Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072198. [PMID: 34206809 PMCID: PMC8308283 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.
Collapse
|
15
|
The Egg Yolk Content in ω-3 and Conjugated Fatty Acids Can Be Sustainably Increased upon Long-Term Feeding of Laying Hens with a Diet Containing Flaxseeds and Pomegranate Seed Oil. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051134. [PMID: 34069647 PMCID: PMC8160806 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term feeding trials examining the incorporation of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) into the diet of laying hens are lacking. In the present study, we compared two diets in sixty-six red Sex-Link hens (33 hens/treatment), fed for 26 weeks. The control diet was high in oleic acid, while the test diet was high in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and punicic acid (PunA). No significant differences were observed between treatments for hens’ performance, egg weight and yolk weight. In contrast, dietary ALA and PunA resulted in a significant increase in n-3 PUFA, rumenic acid (RmA) and PunA contents in egg yolk, as well as in the liver, heart, muscle and adipose tissue of the hens. Other conjugated dienes resulting from the metabolism of PunA or RmA also accumulated in the egg yolk and tissues. Unlike DHA, which was exclusively distributed in phospholipids, ALA, RmA and PunA were preferably distributed in triglycerides.
Collapse
|
16
|
Measuring Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Production by Bifidobacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2278:87-100. [PMID: 33649950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1274-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) has been linked to positive health effects based on biomedical, in vitro, and clinical studies. Of note, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are the most widely characterized fatty acids as geometric isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA occur naturally in ruminant fats, dairy products, and hydrogenated oils. Concerning CLAs, it is known that bacterial biohydrogenation, a process whereby ruminal bacteria or starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria have the ability to synthesize CLA by altering the chemical structure of essential fatty acids via enzymatic mechanisms, produces a multitude of isomers with desirable properties. Bifidobacterium species are classed as food grade microorganisms and some of these strains harness molecular determinants that are responsible for the bioconversion of free fatty acids to CLAs. However, molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Reports pertaining to CLAs have been attributed to suppressing tumor growth, delaying the onset of diabetes mellitus and reducing body fat in obese individuals. Given the increased attention for their bioactive properties, we describe in this chapter the qualitative and quantitative methods used to identify and quantify CLA isomers produced by bifidobacterial strains in supplemented broth media. These approaches enable rapid detection of potential CLA producing strains and accurate measurement of fatty acids in biological matrices.
Collapse
|
17
|
Unsaturated fatty acids as a co-therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2909-2916. [PMID: 33821440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is standard treatments for many malignancies. However, in most cases, this method is not able to induce apoptosis and in many cases, with cancer recurrence, leads to patient death. There are several procedure to control and suppress malignant cells, but among these methods, administration of ɷ-3 fatty acids and ɷ-6 fatty due to their destructive effects on cancer cells is more prominent. Many clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acids in cardiovascular disorders, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and in most cancers such as colon, breast, prostate and other malignancies. Studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a toxic effect on cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of how ɷ- fatty acids affect cancer cells is still unknown. In this review alternative issues of malignancies co-treatments agents such as PUFAs have been studied. Also, the latest known PUFAs mechanisms on malignancies have been described.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lepionka T, Białek M, Czauderna M, Białek A. Pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract supplemented in diet influence the lipid profile and intensity of peroxidation in livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106495. [PMID: 33045366 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite promising health effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BM) used for centuries as food and traditional medicine, neither mechanism of action nor safety has been fully recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of diet supplementation with PSO and BM on fatty acid, conjugated fatty acid and cholesterol content in rat' livers, since liver is crucial for lipid metabolism. Oxidation indicators (malondialdehyde, oxysterols and tocopherols) were also determined. Lipid profiles did not reveal the presence of punicic acid, while other conjugated dienes and trienes, including rumenic acid, were determined. Both supplementation and exposition to carcinogen significantly increased cholesterol and reduced selected oxysterols levels, simultaneously increasing malondialdehyde content in animals suffering from cancer. Impact of PSO and BM on oxidative status varied depending on carcinogen exposure and coexisting neoplastic process, which is important, due to the growing interest in their use in prevention and therapy of various diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Salvatore SR, Rowart P, Schopfer FJ. Mass spectrometry-based study defines the human urine nitrolipidome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:327-337. [PMID: 33131723 PMCID: PMC10895545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA) are an endogenous class of signaling mediators formed mainly during digestion and inflammation. The signaling actions of NO2-FA have been extensively studied, but their detection and characterization lagged. Several different nitrated fatty acid species have been reported in animals and humans, but their formation remains controversial, and a systemic approach to define the endogenous pool of NO2-FA is needed. Herein, we screened for endogenous NO2-FA in urine from healthy human volunteers as this is the main excretion route for NO2-FA and its metabolites, and it provides an excellent matrix for evaluation. Only isomers of two fatty acids, conjugated linoleic and linolenic acid were found to be nitrated. Several, previously unknown, nitrated species were identified and confirmed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, fragmentation analysis, and compared to synthetic nitrated standards, the main group corresponding to nitrated conjugated linolenic acid (NO2-CLnA). In contrast, we were unable to confirm the presence of previously reported nitrated omega-3's, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and α- and γ-linolenic acid, suggesting that their biological formation and presence in humans should be re-evaluated. Metabolite analysis of NO2-CLnA in human urine identified cysteine adducts and β-oxidation products, which were compared to the metabolic products of nitrated standards obtained using primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, NO2-CLnA isomers belong to two defined groups, are electrophilic, participate in Michael addition reactions and account for 39% of total urinary NO2-FA, highlighting their relative abundance and possible role in cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Özer CO, Kılıç B. Optimization of pH, time, temperature, variety and concentration of the added fatty acid and the initial count of added lactic acid Bacteria strains to improve microbial conjugated linoleic acid production in fermented ground beef. Meat Sci 2021; 171:108303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
Walnuts have high levels of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA) and the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, LA). Previous research has demonstrated that pre-treatment of BV-2 microglia with walnut extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia. As an extension of that study, the effects of walnut-associated fatty acids on BV-2 microglia were assessed. BV-2 murine microglia cells were treated with LA, ALA, or a combination of LA+ALA prior to or after exposure to LPS. Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in cell-conditioned media. Cyclooxeganse-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were assessed in BV-2 microglia. Both LA and ALA protected against LPS-induced increases in NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha when used before LPS exposure. When BV-2 microglia were treated with fatty acids after LPS, only COX-2 and TNF-alpha were significantly attenuated by the fatty acids. There was no synergism of LA+ALA, as the LA+ALA combination was no more effective than LA or ALA alone. Fatty acids, like those found in walnuts, may protect against production of cytotoxic intermediates and cell-signaling molecules from microglia and may prove beneficial for preventing age- or disease-related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ability of tannins to modulate ruminal lipid metabolism and milk and meat fatty acid profiles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Białek A, Białek M, Czerwonka M, Lepionka T, Tytz N, Kucharczyk K, Tober E, Kaszperuk K, Banaszkiewicz T. Giblets and abdominal fat of pomegranate seed oil fed chickens as a source of bioactive fatty acids. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:520-534. [PMID: 33107124 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to determine whether chickens' (broilers Ross 308, n = 180, sex ratio 1:1) diet modification with different doses of grape or pomegranate seed oil will favourable change fatty acids and cholesterol content in selected giblets (liver and heart) or wastes (adipose tissue). It was also verify whether generated changes would make the giblets and wastes more valuable as dietary components or by-products for food industry. From 22 to 42 day of life, five diets were administered to chickens. Control grower diet (CON) contained 5% of soy oil, whereas in the experimental grower diets part of soy oil (1.5% or 2%) was replaced with specific amount of grape or pomegranate seed oil (GRAP 1.5; GRAP 2.0; POM 1.5; POM 2.0 respectively). Fatty acids and cholesterol content were determined with gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. Pomegranate seed oil improved fatty acids profile more favourably than grape seed oil, which makes it a valuable additive in chickens' feeding. Abdominal fat of pomegranate seed oil supplemented chickens appeared to be the richest sources of rumenic acid and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which allows to suggest its use in manufacturing of meat products to obtain foodstuffs rich in those essential nutrients. In principal component analysis (PCA), two principal components: PC1 and PC2, which were enough to explain 29.91% of variance of initial variables, allowed to a good separation of chickens fed with both doses of pomegranate seed oil from animals from control and grape seed oil fed groups. Because poultry addresses all nutritional, institutional and consumer requirements, enrichment of giblets in rumenic acid by pomegranate seed oil incorporation into chickens' diet may provide a valuable dietary source of bioactive fatty acids for consumers, especially of low-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Lepionka
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Food and Nutrition, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Tytz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Tober
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Karol Kaszperuk
- Institute of Zootechnics and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Teresa Banaszkiewicz
- Institute of Zootechnics and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vahvaselkä M, Leskinen H, Mäkilä L, Kallio H, Laakso S, Yang B. Microbial enrichment of blackcurrant press residue with conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1602-1610. [PMID: 33030792 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to investigate the isomerization of linoleic (LA) and linolenic acids (LNAs) into their conjugated isomers by Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 20270 and utilize this feature for microbial enrichment of blackcurrant press residue (BCPR) with health-beneficial conjugated fatty acids. METHODS AND RESULTS First, the ability of P. freudenreichii to isomerize 0·4 mg ml-1 of LA and LNA was studied in lactate growth medium. Free LA and α-LNA were efficiently converted into conjugated linoleic (CLA) and α-linolenic acid (α-CLNA), being the predominant isomers c9,t11-CLA and c9,t11,c15-CLNA, respectively. The bioconversion of α-LNA by P. freudenreichii was more efficient in terms of formation rate, yield and isomer-specificity. Thereafter, free LA and LNAs obtained from hydrolysed BCPR neutral lipids, by lipolytically active oat flour, were subjected to microbial isomerization in BCPR slurries. In 10% (w/v) slurries, a simultaneous enrichment in c9,t11-CLA and c9,t11,c15-CLNA of up to 0·51 and 0·29 mg ml-1 was observed from starting levels of 0·96 mg LA ml-1 and 0·37 mg α-LNA ml-1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that growing cultures of P. freudenreichii DSM 20270 are able to simultaneously enrich BCPR with health-beneficial conjugated isomers of LA and α-LNA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates that microbial isomerization technique can be utilized to enrich lipid-containing plant materials with bioactive compounds and thereby enable valorization of low value plant-based side streams from food industry into value-added food ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vahvaselkä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Leskinen
- Milk Production, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - L Mäkilä
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Laakso
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - B Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hughes RL, Arnold CD, Young RR, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Fan YM, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Malamba-Banda C, Kable ME, Dewey KG. Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14861. [PMID: 32908192 PMCID: PMC7481312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An unhealthy gut microbial community may act as a barrier to improvement in growth and health outcomes in response to nutritional interventions. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the infant microbiota modified the effects of a randomized controlled trial of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) in Malawi on growth and inflammation at 12 and 18 months, respectively. We characterized baseline microbiota composition of fecal samples at 6 months of age (n = 506, prior to infant supplementation, which extended to 18 months) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region. Features of the gut microbiota previously identified as being involved in fatty acid or micronutrient metabolism or in outcomes relating to growth and inflammation, especially in children, were investigated. Prior to correction for multiple hypothesis testing, the effects of LNS on growth appeared to be modified by Clostridium (p-for-interaction = 0.02), Ruminococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.007), and Firmicutes (p-for-interaction = 0.04) and effects on inflammation appeared to be modified by Faecalibacterium (p-for-interaction = 0.03) and Streptococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.004). However, after correction for multiple hypothesis testing these findings were not statistically significant, suggesting that the gut microbiota did not alter the effect of LNS on infant growth and inflammation in this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca R Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ken Maleta
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mary E Kable
- Immunity and Disease Prevention, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Shekoohi N, Banach M. Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels May Not Affect Cardiovascular Events: Results From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Nutr 2020; 7:123. [PMID: 32984395 PMCID: PMC7492609 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Several observational studies evaluated the links between serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and cardiovascular events with controversial results. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to obtain unconfounded estimates of the causal associations of genetically determined serum MUFAs with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), cardioembolic stroke (CS), and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: Four MUFAs were studied (i.e., 10-heptadecenoate, myristoleic, oleic, and palmitoleic acid). Data from the largest genome-wide association studies on MUFAs, CHD, MI, and stroke were analyzed. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, as well as MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier were applied. To rule out the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the leave-one-out method was also performed. Results: Genetically higher-serum 10-heptadecenoate levels did not affect the risk of CHD (IVW = Beta: −0.304, p = 0.185), MI (IVW = Beta: −0.505, p = 0.066), CS (IVW = Beta: −0.056, p = 0.945), and IS (IVW = Beta: −0.121, p = 0.767). Similarly, no significant associations were observed for myristoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: 0.008; MI: IVW = Beta: 0.041; CS: IVW = Beta: 0.881; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.162), oleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: −0.2417; MI: IVW = Beta: −0.119; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.059; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.008491), and palmitoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: −0.06957; MI: IVW = Beta: −0.01255; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.042; IS: IVW = Beta: −0.1862). A low likelihood of heterogeneity and pleiotropy was reported, and the observed associations were not driven by single SNPs. Conclusions: In the present MR analysis, serum MUFA levels were not associated with the risk of CHD, MI, CS, and IS. Further research, evaluating more MUFAs, is required to elucidate the links between MUFAs and CVD to contribute to health policy decisions in reducing CVD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niloofar Shekoohi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Łódz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anh NV, Victor D, Anh VTN, Ludmina D, Phuong DTL, Olga K. Thladiantha Seed Oils - New Source of Conjugated Fatty Acids: Characterization of Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acids. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:993-1000. [PMID: 32788518 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, seed oils of Thladiantha nudiflora and Thladiantha dubia were found to contain 55.5 and 44.4% mole of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acids, respectively. The presence of moieties of conjugated fatty acids was confirmed by a series from physical methods: UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The triacylglycerols (TAGs) isolated of the seed oils were studied by RP-HPLC with diode array and mass spectrometric detections. It was shown that all 15 TAGs of Thladiantha dubia contain moieties of conjugated fatty acids - punicic, (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid (35.6% mole) and 8.9% mole α-eleostearic, (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid. Meanwhile, 24 TAGs of Thladiantha nudiflora seed oil contain both acids in approximately equal proportions (27.4:28.2 % mole). The enrichment for polyunsaturated fatty acids of the hydrolysis product of the seed oils due to urea inclusion complex formation was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Anh
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University
| | - Deineka Victor
- Institute of Pharmacy Chemistry and Biology, Belgorod National Research University
| | - Vu Thi Ngoc Anh
- Faculty of Physical-Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University).,Faculty of Pharmacy, Buon Ma Thuot University
| | - Deineka Ludmina
- Institute of Pharmacy Chemistry and Biology, Belgorod National Research University
| | - Doan Thi Lan Phuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology
| | - Kovalchukova Olga
- Faculty of Physical-Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu B, Wang K, Han L, Zhou B, Yang J, Li S. Pomegranate seed oil stabilized with ovalbumin glycated by inulin: Physicochemical stability and oxidative stability. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
29
|
Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Todorov H, Kollar B, Bayer F, Brandão I, Mann A, Mohr J, Pontarollo G, Formes H, Stauber R, Kittner JM, Endres K, Watzer B, Nockher WA, Sommer F, Gerber S, Reinhardt C. α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet Influences Microbiota Composition and Villus Morphology of the Mouse Small Intestine. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030732. [PMID: 32168729 PMCID: PMC7146139 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, the influence of an ALA-rich diet on intestinal microbiota composition and its impact on small intestine morphology are not fully understood. In the current study, we kept adult C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks on an ALA-rich or control diet. Characterization of the microbial composition of the small intestine revealed that the ALA diet was associated with an enrichment in Prevotella and Parabacteroides. In contrast, taxa belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus, had significantly lower abundance compared to control diet. Metagenome prediction indicated an enrichment in functional pathways such as bacterial secretion system in the ALA group, whereas the two-component system and ALA metabolism pathways were downregulated. We also observed increased levels of ALA and its metabolites eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid, but reduced levels of arachidonic acid in the intestinal tissue of ALA-fed mice. Furthermore, intestinal morphology in the ALA group was characterized by elongated villus structures with increased counts of epithelial cells and reduced epithelial proliferation rate. Interestingly, the ALA diet reduced relative goblet and Paneth cell counts. Of note, high-fat Western-type diet feeding resulted in a comparable adaptation of the small intestine. Collectively, our study demonstrates the impact of ALA on the gut microbiome and reveals the nutritional regulation of gut morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Todorov
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Center for Computational Sciences in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.T.); (S.G.)
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Borkenberg 14, 61440 Oberursel, Germany
| | - Bettina Kollar
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Inês Brandão
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro Alimentar (CATAA), Zona Industrial de Castelo Branco, Rua A, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Julia Mohr
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Henning Formes
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Roland Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jens M. Kittner
- Medical Department 2 (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Endocrinology) Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Grafenstr. 9, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzer
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Center for Computational Sciences in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-8280
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
YOSHIME LT, MELO ILPD, SATTLER JAG, TORRES RP, MANCINI-FILHO J. Bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacities of seed oils from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
32
|
Yang B, Chen H, Gao H, Ren Q, Zhang H, Chen W. Genetic determinates for conjugated linolenic acid production in Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:191-201. [PMID: 31561280 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the genetic determinates for conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) production in Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058, a high CLNA producer. METHODS AND RESULTS After culturing with α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the medium, the fatty acid compositions of supernatant fluid and cell pellets were analysed via GC-MS. cis9,trans11,cis15-CLNA was identified to be the predominant isomer. And during CLNA production, 10-hydroxy-cis12-cis15-octadecenoic acid (10-HOEA) and 10-oxo-cis12-cis15-octadecenoic acid (10-OXOA) were accumulated. The E. coli recombinants harbouring genes encoding myosin-cross-reactive antigen (MCRA), short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase (DH) and acetoacetate decarboxylase (DC), respectively, were analysed for their roles in CLNA production. The results indicated that MCRA converted ALA to 10-HOEA, following converted to 10-OXOA by DH. While with the combination of three recombinants, ALA could be transformed into CLNA plus 10-HOEA and 10-OXOA. When the three genes were deleted, none of the L. plantarum ZS2058 knockout mutants could produce any CLNA, after complementation, and all the complementary mutants recovered the CLNA-production ability at similar levels as the wild strain. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 produced CLNA from ALA with 10-HOEA and 10-OXOA as intermediates. The triple-component isomerase of MCRA, DH and DC was the unique genetic determinant for CLNA generation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The current results firstly provided conclusive evidence that the triple-component isomerase complex was shared by both CLA and CLNA production in lactobacilli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alaşalvar H, Erinç H, Salur F, Özbey A. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Microwave‐Assisted and Ultrasound‐Assisted Alkali Isomerization: Effects of Microwave Power and Ultrasound Amplitude. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Alaşalvar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Hakan Erinç
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Fatma Salur
- Institute of Natural and Applied SciencesNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özbey
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Teh HE, Yokoyama WH, German JB, McHugh TH, Pan Z. Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Expeller-Pressed and Solvent-Extracted Fruit Seed Oils and Defatted Pomegranate Seed Meals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6150-6159. [PMID: 31117552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumptions of fruit seed oils and meals could potentially improve cardiovascular health by reducing plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The study objective was to compare the effectiveness of expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted grape, tomato, pomegranate seed oils, and defatted pomegranate meals in lowering plasma and hepatic cholesterol using hamster models. Hamsters were fed with fruit seed oils (FSO), defatted pomegranate seed meals (PDM), or control diets. After a 3-week feeding period, plasma total triglycerides of treatment diets were significantly lower. FSO also reduced total, very-low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL), and LDL-cholesterols, while PDM only lowered VLDL-cholesterols. Decreases in low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratios were also observed in most treatments. In liver, triglycerides, total, and free cholesterol levels did not vary between control and treatments. There were no significant differences in lipid modulating properties between solvent-extracted and expeller-pressed oils. In conclusion, partial replacements of saturated fat in high-fat diets with tomato, pomegranate, and grape seed oils could effectively reduce plasma triglyceride levels and improve HDL/LDL ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wallace H Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | | | - Tara H McHugh
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dhar Dubey KK, Sharma G, Kumar A. Conjugated Linolenic Acids: Implication in Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6091-6101. [PMID: 31070027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) including both conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLNAs) have various health promoting effects. These beneficial effects are comprised by their antioxidant, antiatherogenecity, anticarcinogenic activities, etc. Several reports indicate that CLNAs such as eleostearic acid, punicic acid, jacaric acid, and calendic acid possess anticancer properties. These CLNAs are produced and accumulated in seeds of certain commonly available plants. This review discusses their role in chemoprevention of cancer. Using in vitro as well as in vivo models of cancer, bioactivities of these CLNAs have been explored in detail. CLNAs have been shown to have potent anticancer activity as compared to the CLAs. Although the molecular basis of these effects has been summarized here, more detailed studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Further clinical trials are obligatory for assessing the safety and efficacy of CLNAs as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K Dhar Dubey
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology , Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida - 201303 , India
| | - Girish Sharma
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology , Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida - 201303 , India
- Amity Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Research , Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida - 201303 , India
| | - Aruna Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Amity Institute of Biotechnology , Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida - 201303 , India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
de O. Silva L, Ranquine LG, Monteiro M, Torres AG. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil enriched with conjugated linolenic acid (cLnA), phenolic compounds and tocopherols: Improved extraction of a specialty oil by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
37
|
Ares-Yebra A, Garabal JI, Carballo J, Centeno JA. Formation of conjugated linoleic acid by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from an artisanal cheese: Evaluation in miniature cheeses. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Vázquez L, Corzo-Martínez M, Arranz-Martínez P, Barroso E, Reglero G, Torres C. Bioactive Lipids. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
39
|
Białek M, Czauderna M, Białek A. Partial replacement of rapeseed oil with fish oil, and dietary antioxidants supplementation affects concentrations of biohydrogenation products and conjugated fatty acids in rumen and selected lamb tissues. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
40
|
Petri RM, Vahmani P, Yang HE, Dugan MER, McAllister TA. Changes in Rumen Microbial Profiles and Subcutaneous Fat Composition When Feeding Extruded Flaxseed Mixed With or Before Hay. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1055. [PMID: 29887841 PMCID: PMC5981202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extruded flaxseed (25%) and ground hay (75%) were each fed (DM basis) either together in a total mixed ration (TMR) or as flaxseed first followed by hay (non-TMR) to three pens of eight crossbred steers (n = 24 per diet) for 240 days. Compared to TMR, feeding non-TMR enriched subcutaneous fat with α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and its biohydrogenation intermediates including vaccenic acid [trans(t)11-18:1], rumenic acid [cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid] and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA). Rumen microbial analysis using QIIME indicated that 14 genera differed (P ≤ 0.05) between TMR and the non-TMR. Azoarcus and Streptococcus were the only genera which increased in relative abundance in the TMR fed steers, whereas Methanimicrococcus, Moryella, Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Succinivibrio, Suttenella, and TG5 decreased as compared to steers fed the non-TMR. Among these, Moryella, Succiniclasticum, and Succinivibrio, spp. were correlated with fatty acid profiles, specifically intermediates believed to be components of the major biohydrogenation pathway for ALA (i.e., t11, c15-18:2, c9, t11, c15-18:3, and total CLnA). In addition, negative correlations were found between the less abundant Ruminoccocus-like OTU60 and major ALA biohydrogenation intermediates, as well as positive correlations with several intermediates from alternative pathways that did not involve the formation of trans 11 double bonds. The present results suggest a number of pathways for ALA biohydrogenation are operating concurrently in the rumen, with their balance being influenced by diet and driven by less abundant species rather than members of the core bacterial population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Petri
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Hee Eun Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ribeiro SC, Stanton C, Yang B, Ross RP, Silva CC. Conjugated linoleic acid production and probiotic assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Pico cheese. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Bayat A, Tapio I, Vilkki J, Shingfield K, Leskinen H. Plant oil supplements reduce methane emissions and improve milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets without affecting milk yield. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1136-1151. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
43
|
Combined Short-Path Distillation and Solvent-Assisted Crystallization of Beef Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
44
|
Identification of 14-dehydroergosterol as a novel anti-inflammatory compound inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13903. [PMID: 29066789 PMCID: PMC5654777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) have the ability to induce regulatory T cells and play an important role in preventing chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have identified a novel compound, 14-dehydroergosterol, from Koji, a Japanese traditional food material fermented with fungi. 14-dehydroergosterol is an ergosterol analogue with a conjugated double bond, but the activity of 14-dehydroergosterol is much higher than that of ergosterol. 14-dehydroergosterol induces the conversion of murine bone marrow (BM)-derived DCs and differentiated DCs into tolerogenic DCs, in which the production of IL-12 is suppressed and that of IL-10 is increased. In a co-culture experiment, DCs treated with 14-dehydroergosterol induced the conversion of naïve CD4-positive T cells into regulatory T cells. In a murine model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalopathy, 14-dehydroergosterol suppressed the clinical score and inflammatory responses of myeloid DCs and T cells to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. 14-dehydroergosterol-treated human DCs induced from PBMCs also showed a tolerogenic phenotype. This is the first report to identify a novel compound, 14-dehydroergosterol, that induces DCs to convert to a tolerogenic type. 14-dehydroergosterol is contained in various fermented foods based on Koji, so 14-dehydroergosterol might be a helpful aid to prevent chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
45
|
Vahmani P, Rolland D, McAllister T, Block H, Proctor S, Guan L, Prieto N, López-Campos Ó, Aalhus J, Dugan M. Effects of feeding steers extruded flaxseed on its own before hay or mixed with hay on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat and hamburger fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2017; 131:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Ferlay A, Bernard L, Meynadier A, Malpuech-Brugère C. Production of trans and conjugated fatty acids in dairy ruminants and their putative effects on human health: A review. Biochimie 2017; 141:107-120. [PMID: 28804001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of milk and dairy products is important in Western industrialised countries. Fat content is an important constituent contributing to the nutritional quality of milk and dairy products. In order to improve the health of consumers, there is high interest in improving their fatty acid (FA) composition, which depends principally on rumen and mammary metabolism. This paper reviews the lipid metabolism in ruminants, with a particular focus on the production of trans and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) in the rumen. After the lipolysis of dietary lipids, an extensive biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA occurs by rumen bacteria, leading to numerous cis and trans isomers of 18:1, non-conjugated of 18:2, CLA and CLnA. The paper examines the different putative pathways of ruminal biohydrogenation of cis9-18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and long-chain FA and the bacteria implicated. Then mechanisms relative to the de novo mammary synthesis are presented. Ruminant diet is the main factor regulating the content and the composition of milk fat. Effects of nature of forage and lipid supplementation are analysed in cows and small ruminants species. Finally, the paper briefly presents the effects of these FA on animal models and human cell lines. We describe the properties of ruminant trans 18:1, when compared to industrial trans 18:1, CLA and CLnA on human health from meta-analyses of intervention studies and then explore the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH Auvergne, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abaidoo‐Ayin HK, Boakye PG, Jones KC, Wyatt VT, Besong SA, Lumor SE. Compositional Analyses and Shelf‐Life Modeling of
Njangsa
(
Ricinodendron heudelotii
) Seed Oil Using the Weibull Hazard Analysis. J Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prince G. Boakye
- Dept. of Human Ecology Delaware State Univ. 1200 N Dupont Hwy Dover Del. 19901 U.S.A
| | - Kerby C. Jones
- Eastern Regional Research Center US Dept. of Agriculture 600 E Mermaid Ln Wyndmoor Pa. 19038 U.S.A
| | - Victor T. Wyatt
- Eastern Regional Research Center US Dept. of Agriculture 600 E Mermaid Ln Wyndmoor Pa. 19038 U.S.A
| | - Samuel A. Besong
- Dept. of Human Ecology Delaware State Univ. 1200 N Dupont Hwy Dover Del. 19901 U.S.A
| | - Stephen E. Lumor
- Dept. of Human Ecology Delaware State Univ. 1200 N Dupont Hwy Dover Del. 19901 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vetter W, Hammann S, Müller M, Englert M, Huang Y. The use of countercurrent chromatography in the separation of nonpolar lipid compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1501:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Białek A, Stawarska A, Bodecka J, Białek M, Tokarz A. Pomegranate seed oil influences the fatty acids profile and reduces the activity of desaturases in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:9-16. [PMID: 28559164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the influence of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - as conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) source, or conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and to examine the mechanism of their activity. The content of fatty acids, levels of biomarkers of lipids' oxidation and the activity of key enzymes catalyzing lipids metabolism were measured. Obtained results revealed that conjugated fatty acids significantly decrease the activity of Δ5-desaturase (p=0.0001) and Δ6-desaturase (p=0.0008) and pomegranate seed oil reduces their activity in the most potent way. We confirmed that diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil - a rich source of punicic acid leads to the increase of cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in livers (p=0.0003). Lack of side effects and beneficial influence on desaturases activity and fatty acids profile claim pomegranate seed oil to become interesting alternative for CLA as functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bodecka
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vahmani P, Aalhus JL, Rolland DC, McAllister TA, Prieto N, Block HC, Proctor SD, Guan LL, Dugan MER. Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n-3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates. Lipids 2017; 52:641-649. [PMID: 28547181 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC) vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty-eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non-TMR and fed ad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both SC and PR in non-TMR steers compared to TMR steers (P < 0.01). trans 18:1 isomers were more concentrated in PR than SC (14.4 vs 9.5 mol%; P < 0.01) and increased by 10 mol% in both fat depots for non-TMR (P < 0.01). Other BHI including non-methylene-interrupted 18:2 (atypical dienes), conjugated linoleic acids and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) were affected by diet × tissue interactions (P < 0.01). The CLnA and CLA contents were higher in both fat depots when feeding the non-TMR, but the effect of diet was more pronounced in PR than in SC (P < 0.01). Atypical dienes were highest in PR from non-TMR and lowest in TMR fed steers (4.3 and 3.6 mol%) with SC contents being intermediate. The sequential feeding of lipid supplement can thus profoundly affect the enrichment of PUFA and their BHI in beef fat and their differentially enrichment is also fat depot dependant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J L Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - D C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - N Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H C Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - S D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Institutes, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|