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Wang Y, Yu X, Huang Z, Peng J, Zhou L, Cai L, Zhao X, Zhang P. Berberine-doped montmorillonite nanosheet for photoenhanced antibacterial therapy and wound healing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:774-782. [PMID: 39059283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections pose a substantial threat to human health, particularly with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel approaches for the efficient treatment of bacterial diseases. This study presents a therapeutic approach involving BBR@MMT nanosheets (NSs), wherein montmorillonite (MMT) was loaded with berberine (BBR) through an ion intercalation reaction to sterilize and promote wound healing. BBR@MMT exhibits nano-enzymatic-like catalytic activity, is easy to synthesize, and requires low reaction conditions. This nanocomplex showed photodynamic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The in vitro experiments indicated that BBR@MMT was able to effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) through the production of ROS when exposed to white light. Meanwhile, BBR@MMT inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and scavenged free radicals via its SOD-like activity. In vivo results showed that BBR@MMT NSs were capable of effectively promoting the wound-healing process in infected mice under white light irradiation. Hence, it can be concluded that photodynamic therapy based on BBR@MMT NSs with nano-enzymatic activity has the potential to be used in treating infections and tissue repair associated with drug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinghua Yu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaofeng Peng
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Leiji Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Luohu Shenzhen 518024, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Mohamad-Fauzi N, Shaw C, Foutouhi SH, Hess M, Kong N, Kol A, Storey DB, Desai PT, Shah J, Borjesson D, Murray JD, Weimer BC. Salmonella enhances osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1077350. [PMID: 37009487 PMCID: PMC10055666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1077350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair and regeneration has garnered great attention. While MSCs are likely to interact with microbes at sites of tissue damage and inflammation, like in the gastrointestinal system, the consequences of pathogenic association on MSC activities have yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of pathogenic interaction on MSC trilineage differentiation paths and mechanisms using model intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica ssp enterica serotype Typhimurium. The examination of key markers of differentiation, apoptosis, and immunomodulation demonstrated that Salmonella altered osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation pathways in human and goat adipose-derived MSCs. Anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative responses were also significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in MSCs during Salmonella challenge. These results together indicate that Salmonella, and potentially other pathogenic bacteria, can induce pathways that influence both apoptotic response and functional differentiation trajectories in MSCs, highlighting that microbes have a potentially significant role as influencers of MSC physiology and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claire Shaw
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Soraya H. Foutouhi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matthias Hess
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nguyet Kong
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dylan Bobby Storey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Prerak T. Desai
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dori Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James D. Murray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: James D. Murray, ; Bart C. Weimer,
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3
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Liang J, Gao Y, Feng Z, Zhang B, Na Z, Li D. Reactive oxygen species and ovarian diseases: Antioxidant strategies. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102659. [PMID: 36917900 PMCID: PMC10023995 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly produced in mitochondria and are involved in various physiological activities of the ovary through signaling and are critical for regulating the ovarian cycle. Notably, the imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system contributes to the development of ovarian diseases. These contradictory effects have critical implications for potential antioxidant strategies that aim to scavenge excessive ROS. However, much remains to be learned about how ROS causes various ovarian diseases to the application of antioxidant therapy for ovarian diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms of ROS generation and maintenance of homeostasis in the ovary and its associated physiological effects. Additionally, we have highlighted the pathological mechanisms of ROS in ovarian diseases and potential antioxidant strategies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yingzhuo Gao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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4
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Dysregulated balance in Th17/Treg axis of Pristane-induced lupus mouse model, are mesenchymal stem cells therapeutic? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109699. [PMID: 36867923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in general and targeted immunosuppressive therapies, limiting all mainstay treatment options in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases has necessitated the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged with unique properties, including a solid propensity to reduce inflammation, exert immunomodulatory effects, and repair injured tissues. METHODS An animal model of acquired SLE mice was induced via intraperitoneal immunization with Pristane and affirmed by measuring specific biomarkers. Bone marrow (BM) MSCs were isolated from healthy BALB/c mice and cultured in vitro, then were identified and confirmed by flow cytometry and cytodifferentiation. Systemic MSCs transplantation was performed and then several parameters were analyzed and compared, including specific cytokines (IL-17, IL-4, IFN-ɣ, TGF-β) at the serum level, the percentage of Th cell subsets (Treg/Th17, Th1/Th2) in splenocytes, and also the relief of lupus nephritis, respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry analysis and by hematoxylin & eosin staining and also immunofluorescence assessment. Experiments were carried out with different initiation treatment time points (early and late stages of disease). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The rate of proteinuria, anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and serum creatinine levels decreased with BM-MSCs transplantation. These results were associated with attenuated lupus renal pathology in terms of reducing IgG and C3 deposition and lymphocyte infiltration. Our findings suggested that TGF-β (associated with lupus microenvironment) can contribute to MSC-based immunotherapy by modulating the population of TCD4+ cell subsets. Obtained results indicated that MSCs-based cytotherapy could negatively affect the progression of induced SLE by recovering the function of Treg cells, suppressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocyte function, and downregulating their pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION MSC-based immunotherapy showed a delayed effect on the progression of acquired SLE in a lupus microenvironment-dependent manner. Allogenic MSCs transplantation revealed the ability to re-establish the balance of Th17/Treg, Th1/Th2 and restore the plasma cytokines network in a pattern dependent on disease conditions. The conflicting results of early versus advanced therapy suggest that MSCs may produce different effects depending on when they are administered and their activation status.
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5
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Kano F, Hashimoto N, Liu Y, Xia L, Nishihara T, Oki W, Kawarabayashi K, Mizusawa N, Aota K, Sakai T, Azuma M, Hibi H, Iwasaki T, Iwamoto T, Horimai N, Yamamoto A. Therapeutic benefits of factors derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth for radiation-induced mouse xerostomia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2706. [PMID: 36792628 PMCID: PMC9932159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers is frequently associated with adverse effects on the surrounding normal tissue. Irreversible damage to radiation-sensitive acinar cells in the salivary gland (SG) causes severe radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX). Currently, there are no effective drugs for treating RIX. We investigated the efficacy of treatment with conditioned medium derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) in a mouse RIX model. Intravenous administration of SHED-CM, but not fibroblast-CM (Fibro-CM), prevented radiation-induced cutaneous ulcer formation (p < 0.0001) and maintained SG function (p < 0.0001). SHED-CM treatment enhanced the expression of multiple antioxidant genes in mouse RIX and human acinar cells and strongly suppressed radiation-induced oxidative stress. The therapeutic effects of SHED-CM were abolished by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (p < 0.0001). Notably, quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry shotgun proteomics of SHED-CM and Fibro-CM identified eight proteins activating the endogenous antioxidant system, which were more abundant in SHED-CM than in Fibro-CM (p < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibodies against those activators reduced antioxidant activity of SHED-CM (anti-PDGF-D; p = 0.0001, anti-HGF; p = 0.003). Our results suggest that SHED-CM may provide substantial therapeutic benefits for RIX primarily through the activation of multiple antioxidant enzyme genes in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Kano
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Yao Liu
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Linze Xia
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Takaaki Nishihara
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Wakana Oki
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504 Japan
| | - Keita Kawarabayashi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Mizusawa
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Aota
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonori Iwasaki
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
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6
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Aragón-González A, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Its Involvement in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315271. [PMID: 36499600 PMCID: PMC9737531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized and dynamic compartment which regulates the uptake of molecules and solutes from the blood. The relevance of the maintenance of a healthy BBB underpinning disease prevention as well as the main pathomechanisms affecting BBB function will be detailed in this review. Barrier disruption is a common aspect in both neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders. Throughout this review, conditions altering the BBB during the earliest and latest stages of life will be discussed, revealing common factors involved. Due to the barrier's role in protecting the brain from exogenous components and xenobiotics, drug delivery across the BBB is challenging. Potential therapies based on the BBB properties as molecular Trojan horses, among others, will be reviewed, as well as innovative treatments such as stem cell therapies. Additionally, due to the microbiome influence on the normal function of the brain, microflora modulation strategies will be discussed. Finally, future research directions are highlighted to address the current gaps in the literature, emphasizing the idea that common therapies for both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathologies exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)114-222-2257; Fax: +44-(0)114-222-2290
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7
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Regmi S, Liu DD, Shen M, Kevadiya BD, Ganguly A, Primavera R, Chetty S, Yarani R, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Strategies and limitations. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1011225. [PMID: 36277497 PMCID: PMC9584646 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1011225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of age-related dementia and is characterized by progressive brain damage that gradually destroys memory and the ability to learn, which ultimately leads to the decline of a patient’s ability to perform daily activities. Although some of the pharmacological treatments of AD are available for symptomatic relief, they are not able to limit the progression of AD and have several side effects. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic option for treating AD due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. MSCs not only secret neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors to promote the survival of neurons, but they also transfer functional mitochondria and miRNAs to boost their bioenergetic profile as well as improve microglial clearance of accumulated protein aggregates. This review focuses on different clinical and preclinical studies using MSC as a therapy for treating AD, their outcomes, limitations and the strategies to potentiate their clinical translation.
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8
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Wang H, Cao X, Guo J, Yang X, Sun X, Fu Z, Qin A, Wu Y, Zhao J. BNTA alleviates inflammatory osteolysis by the SOD mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effect on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939929. [PMID: 36249770 PMCID: PMC9559729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation and overproliferation of osteoclast in inflammatory bone diseases lead to osteolysis and bone mass loss. Although current pharmacological treatments have made extensive advances, limitations still exist. N-[2-bromo-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-thienyl]-2-chlorobenzamide (BNTA) is an artificially synthesized molecule compound that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we presented that BNTA can suppress intracellular ROS levels through increasing ROS scavenging enzymes SOD1 and SOD2, subsequently attenuating the MARK signaling pathway and the transcription of NFATc1, leading to the inhibition of osteoclast formation and osteolytic resorption. Moreover, the results also showed an obvious restrained effect of BNTA on RANKL-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, which indirectly mediated osteoclastogenesis. In line with the in vitro results, BNTA protected LPS-induced severe bone loss in vivo by enhancing scavenging enzymes, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, and decreasing osteoclast formation. Taken together, all of the results demonstrate that BNTA effectively represses oxidation, regulates inflammatory activity, and inhibits osteolytic bone resorption, and it may be a potential and exploitable drug to prevent inflammatory osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yujie Wu
- *Correspondence: Yujie Wu, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- *Correspondence: Yujie Wu, ; Jie Zhao,
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9
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Shiri E, Pasbakhsh P, Borhani-Haghighi M, Alizadeh Z, Nekoonam S, Mojaverrostami S, Pirhajati Mahabadi V, Mehdi A, Zibara K, Kashani IR. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination by Targeting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1467-1481. [PMID: 32594382 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The main causes of MS disease progression, demyelination, and tissue damage are oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, the latter are considered as important therapeutic targets. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess antioxidative properties and are able to target mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the effect of transplanting Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs in a demyelination mouse model of MS in which mice were fed cuprizone (CPZ) for 12 weeks. CPZ is a copper chelator that impairs the activity of cytochrome oxidase, decreases oxidative phosphorylation, and produces degenerative changes in oligodendrocytes, leading to toxic demyelination similar to those found in MS patients. Results showed that MSCs caused a significant increase in the percentage of myelinated areas and in the number of myelinated fibers in the corpus callosum of the CPZ + MSC group, compared to the CPZ group, as assessed by Luxol fast blue staining and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, transplantation of MSCs significantly increased the number of oligodendrocytes while decreasing astrogliosis and microgliosis in the corpus callosum of the CPZ + MSC group, evaluated by immunofluorescence. Moreover, the mechanism by which MSCs exert these physiological effects was found to be through abolishing the effect of CPZ on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, malondialdehyde significantly decreased while glutathione and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in CPZ + MSC mice group, in comparison witth the CPZ group alone. Furthermore, cell therapy with MSC transplantation increased the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis transcripts PGC1α, NRF1, MFN2, and TFAM. In summary, these results demonstrate that MSCs may attenuate MS by promoting an antioxidant response, reducing oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shiri
- Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zohreh Alizadeh
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saied Nekoonam
- Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mehdi
- PRASE and Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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10
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Ammar LA, Nahlawi MI, Shayya NW, Ghadieh HE, Azar NS, Harb F, Eid AA. Immunomodulatory Approaches in Diabetes-Induced Cardiorenal Syndromes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:630917. [PMID: 33585587 PMCID: PMC7876252 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.630917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory approaches are defined as all interventions that modulate and curb the immune response of the host rather than targeting the disease itself with the aim of disease prevention or treatment. A better understanding of the immune system continues to offer innovative drug targets and methods for immunomodulatory interventions. Cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition that defines disorders of the heart and kidneys, both of which communicate with one another through multiple pathways in an interdependent relationship. Cardiorenal syndrome denotes the confluence of heart-kidney relationships across numerous interfaces. As such, a dysfunctional heart or kidney has the capacity to initiate disease in the other organ via common hemodynamic, neurohormonal, immunological, and/or biochemical feedback pathways. Understanding how immunomodulatory approaches are implemented in diabetes-induced cardiovascular and renal diseases is important for a promising regenerative medicine, which is the process of replacing cells, tissues or organs to establish normal function. In this article, after a brief introduction on the immunomodulatory approaches in diseases, we will be reviewing the epidemiology and classifications of cardiorenal syndrome. We will be emphasizing on the hemodynamic factors and non-hemodynamic factors linking the heart and the kidneys. In addition, we will be elaborating on the immunomodulatory pathways involved in diabetes-induced cardiorenal syndrome namely, RAS, JAK/STAT, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we will be addressing possible therapeutic approaches that target the former pathways in an attempt to modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama A Ammar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad I Nahlawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar W Shayya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Then C, Herder C, Then H, Thorand B, Huth C, Heier M, Meisinger C, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Roden M, Stumvoll M, Maalmi H, Meitinger T, Lechner A, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is inversely associated with biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the population-based KORA F4 study. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1618-1625. [PMID: 34221377 PMCID: PMC8248959 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uromodulin is a kidney-specific glycoprotein synthesized in tubular cells of
Henle’s loop exerting nephroprotective and immunomodulatory
functions in the urinary tract. A small amount of uromodulin is also
released into the systemic circulation, where its physiological role is
unknown. Serum uromodulin (sUmod) has been associated with metabolic risk
factors and with cardiovascular events and mortality, where these
associations were partly stronger in men than in women. In this study, we
investigated the associations of sUmod with biomarkers of subclinical
inflammation in a population-based sample of women and men. Methods Associations of sUmod with 10 biomarkers of subclinical inflammation were
assessed in 1065 participants of the Cooperative Health Research in the
Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study aged 62–81 years using
linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, estimated
glomerular filtration rate and diabetes. Analyses were performed in the
total study sample and stratified by sex. Results sUmod was inversely associated with white blood cell count, high-sensitive
C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α,
myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase-3, IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-22
after multivariable adjustment and correction for multiple testing
(P < 0.001 for each observation). There was a trend
towards a stronger association of sUmod with pro-inflammatory markers in men
than in women, with a significant P for sex interaction (<0.001)
regarding the relation of sUmod with IL-6. Conclusions sUmod was inversely associated with biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in
older participants of the KORA F4 study. The association of sUmod with IL-6
differed between women and men. Future research should focus on whether the
immunomodulatory properties of sUmod are one explanation for the association
of sUmod with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Then
- Mathematics department, Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Haifa Maalmi
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, München, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Stavely R, Nurgali K. The emerging antioxidant paradigm of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:985-1006. [PMID: 32497410 PMCID: PMC7445024 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (multipotent stromal cells; MSCs) have been under investigation for the treatment of diverse diseases, with many promising outcomes achieved in animal models and clinical trials. The biological activity of MSC therapies has not been fully resolved which is critical to rationalizing their use and developing strategies to enhance treatment efficacy. Different paradigms have been constructed to explain their mechanism of action, including tissue regeneration, trophic/anti-inflammatory secretion, and immunomodulation. MSCs rarely engraft and differentiate into other cell types after in vivo administration. Furthermore, it is equivocal whether MSCs function via the secretion of many peptide/protein ligands as their therapeutic properties are observed across xenogeneic barriers, which is suggestive of mechanisms involving mediators conserved between species. Oxidative stress is concomitant with cellular injury, inflammation, and dysregulated metabolism which are involved in many pathologies. Growing evidence supports that MSCs exert antioxidant properties in a variety of animal models of disease, which may explain their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, evidence of the antioxidant effects of MSCs in in vivo and in vitro models is explored and potential mechanisms of these effects are discussed. These include direct scavenging of free radicals, promoting endogenous antioxidant defenses, immunomodulation via reactive oxygen species suppression, altering mitochondrial bioenergetics, and donating functional mitochondria to damaged cells. Modulation of the redox environment and oxidative stress by MSCs can mediate their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties and may offer an explanation to the diversity in disease models treatable by MSCs and how these mechanisms may be conserved between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Lu XX, Zhao SZ. Gene-based Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cornea Disease. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:7-19. [PMID: 30543166 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666181213120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the main blinding ocular diseases, corneal blindness resulted from neovascularization that disrupts the angiogenic privilege of corneal avascularity. Following neovascularization, inflammatory cells are infiltrating into cornea to strengthen corneal injury. How to maintain corneal angiogenic privilege to treat corneal disease has been investigated for decades. METHODOLOGY Local administration of viral and non-viral-mediated anti-angiogenic factors reduces angiogenic protein expression in situ with limited or free of off-target effects upon gene delivery. Recently, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied to treat corneal diseases. Once MSCs are manipulated to express certain genes of interest, they could achieve superior therapeutic efficacy after transplantation. DISCUSSION In the text, we first introduce the pathological development of corneal disease in the aspects of neovascularization and inflammation. We summarize how MSCs become an ideal candidate in cell therapy for treating injured cornea, focusing on cell biology, property and features. We provide an updated review of gene-based therapies in animals and preclinical studies in the aspects of controlling target gene expression, safety and efficacy. Gene transfer vectors are potent to induce candidate protein expression. Delivered by vectors, MSCs are equipped with certain characters by expressing a protein of interest, which facilitates better for MSC-mediated therapeutic intervention for the treatment of corneal disease. CONCLUSION As the core of this review, we discuss how MSCs could be engineered to be vector system to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficiency after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital and Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital and Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
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14
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Sah SK, Agrahari G, Kim TY. Insights into superoxide dismutase 3 in regulating biological and functional properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32128111 PMCID: PMC7045732 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied and implicated for the cell-based therapy in several diseases due to theirs immunomodulatory properties. Embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells have either ethical issues or concerns regarding the formation of teratomas, introduction of mutations into genome during prolonged culture, respectively which limit their uses in clinical settings. On the other hand, MSCs also encounter certain limitation of circumscribed survival and reduced immunomodulatory potential during transplantation. Plethora of research is undergoing to improve the efficacy of MSCs during therapy. Several compounds and novel techniques have been employed to increase the therapeutic potency of MSCs. MSCs secreted superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) may be the mechanism for exhibiting direct antioxidant activities by MSCs. SOD3 is a well known antioxidant enzyme and recently known to possess immunomodulatory properties. Along with superoxide scavenging property, SOD3 also displays anti-angiogenic, anti-chemotactic and anti-inflammatory functions in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic manners. In this review, we summarize the emerging role of SOD3 secreted from MSCs and SOD3’s effects during cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- 1Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032 USA.,2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav Agrahari
- 2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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15
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Elshaer SL, Evans W, Pentecost M, Lenin R, Periasamy R, Jha KA, Alli S, Gentry J, Thomas SM, Sohl N, Gangaraju R. Adipose stem cells and their paracrine factors are therapeutic for early retinal complications of diabetes in the Ins2 Akita mouse. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:322. [PMID: 30463601 PMCID: PMC6249931 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-stage diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by neurovascular defects. In this study, we hypothesized that human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) positive for the pericyte marker CD140b, or their secreted paracrine factors, therapeutically rescue early-stage DR features in an Ins2Akita mouse model. METHODS Ins2Akita mice at 24 weeks of age received intravitreal injections of CD140b-positive ASCs (1000 cells/1 μL) or 20× conditioned media from cytokine-primed ASCs (ASC-CM, 1 μL). Age-matched wildtype mice that received saline served as controls. Visual function experiments and histological analyses were performed 3 weeks post intravitreal injection. Biochemical and molecular analyses assessed the ASC-CM composition and its biological effects. RESULTS Three weeks post-injection, Ins2Akita mice that received ASCs had ameliorated decreased b-wave amplitudes and vascular leakage but failed to improve visual acuity, whereas Ins2Akita mice that received ASC-CM demonstrated amelioration of all aforementioned visual deficits. The ASC-CM group demonstrated partial amelioration of retinal GFAP immunoreactivity and DR-related gene expression but the ASC group did not. While Ins2Akita mice that received ASCs exhibited occasional (1 in 8) hemorrhagic retinas, mice that received ASC-CM had no adverse complications. In vitro, ASC-CM protected against TNFα-induced retinal endothelial permeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated several anti-inflammatory proteins including TSG-6 being highly expressed in cytokine-primed ASC-CM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs or their secreted factors mitigate retinal complications of diabetes in the Ins2Akita model. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether ASCs or their secreted factors are safe and effective therapeutic modalities long-term as current locally delivered therapies fail to effectively mitigate the progression of early-stage DR. Nonetheless, our study sheds new light on the therapeutic mechanisms of adult stem cells, with implications for assessing relative risks/benefits of experimental regenerative therapies for vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L. Elshaer
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - William Evans
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | | | - Raji Lenin
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Ramesh Periasamy
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Kumar Abhiram Jha
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Shanta Alli
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Jordy Gentry
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Samuel M. Thomas
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Nicolas Sohl
- Cell Care Therapeutics, Inc., Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite#768, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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16
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Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1483791. [PMID: 30112360 PMCID: PMC6077677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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17
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Herder C, Kannenberg JM, Huth C, Carstensen-Kirberg M, Rathmann W, Koenig W, Strom A, Bönhof GJ, Heier M, Thorand B, Peters A, Roden M, Meisinger C, Ziegler D. Myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase-3, cardiometabolic risk factors, and distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy: The KORA F4/FF4 study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3000. [PMID: 29577557 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been proposed as important pathomechanism of cardiometabolic diseases and distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). However, the relevance of biomarkers of oxidative stress has not been investigated in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of the prooxidant myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) with cardiometabolic risk factors and with prevalence and incidence of DSPN. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses comprised 1069 participants (40.3% with prediabetes and 20.5% with type 2 diabetes) of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006-2008), 181 of whom had DSPN at baseline. Prospective analyses included 524 individuals without DSPN at baseline who also participated in the KORA FF4 study (2013-2014), 132 of whom developed DSPN during the 6.5-year follow-up. Serum MPO and SOD3 were measured by ELISA, and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors and DSPN were estimated by using linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Higher MPO and SOD levels showed multiple positive associations with cardiometabolic risk factors including age, indices of obesity, insulin resistance, serum lipids, renal dysfunction, and biomarkers of inflammation. Higher MPO levels were associated with prevalent DSPN (fully adjusted OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.10; 1.72] per doubling of MPO). Higher baseline SOD3 levels were related to incident DSPN (age and sex-adjusted OR 2.14 [1.02; 4.48] per doubling of SOD3), which was partially explained by cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Systemic levels of both pro- and antioxidant enzymes appear involved in cardiometabolic risk and development of DSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia M Kannenberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maren Carstensen-Kirberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gidon J Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Strom A, Kaul K, Brüggemann J, Ziegler I, Rokitta I, Püttgen S, Szendroedi J, Müssig K, Roden M, Ziegler D. Lower serum extracellular superoxide dismutase levels are associated with polyneuropathy in recent-onset diabetes. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e394. [PMID: 29147011 PMCID: PMC5704187 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic neuropathy, but translational evidence in recent-onset diabetes is scarce. We aimed to determine whether markers of systemic oxidative stress are associated with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) in recent-onset diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, we measured serum concentrations of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in 107 type 1 and 215 type 2 diabetes patients from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort and 37 glucose-tolerant individuals (controls). DSPN was defined by electrophysiological and clinical criteria (Toronto Consensus, 2011). SOD3 and GSH concentrations were lower in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with concentrations in controls (P<0.0001). In contrast, the TBARS concentration was higher in participants with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes compared with levels in controls (P<0.0001). In addition, the SOD3 concentration was higher in participants with type 1 diabetes compared to concentrations in those with type 2 diabetes (P<0.0001). A low SOD3 concentration was associated with DSPN in individuals with type 1 diabetes (β=-0.306, P=0.002), type 2 diabetes (β=-0.164, P=0.017), and in both groups combined (β=-0.206, P=0.0003). Lower SOD3 concentrations were associated with decreased motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in men and, to a lesser degree, with reduced sensory NCV in women with diabetes. In conclusion, several biomarkers of oxidative stress are altered in recent-onset diabetes, with only a lower SOD3 concentration being linked to the presence of DSPN, suggesting a role for reduced extracellular antioxidative defense against superoxide in the early development of DSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Brüggemann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iris Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ilka Rokitta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Püttgen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - for the GDS Group5
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Sarkar P, Redondo J, Kemp K, Ginty M, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ, Rice CM. Reduced neuroprotective potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell secretome with ex vivo expansion, age and progressive multiple sclerosis. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:21-28. [PMID: 28917625 PMCID: PMC5758344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials using ex vivo expansion of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are in progress for several neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Given that environment alters MSC function, we examined whether in vitro expansion, increasing donor age and progressive MS affect the neuroprotective properties of the MSC secretome. METHODS Comparative analyses of neuronal survival in the presence of MSC-conditioned medium (MSCcm) isolated from control subjects (C-MSCcm) and those with MS (MS-MSCcm) were performed following (1) trophic factor withdrawal and (2) nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS Reduced neuronal survival following trophic factor withdrawal was seen in association with increasing expansion of MSCs in vitro and MSC donor age. Controlling for these factors, there was an independent, negative effect of progressive MS. In nitric oxide neurotoxicity, MSCcm-mediated neuroprotection was reduced when C-MSCcm was isolated from higher-passage MSCs and was negatively associated with increasing MSC passage number and donor age. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of MSCcm was lost when MSCs were isolated from patients with MS. DISCUSSION Our findings have significant implications for MSC-based therapy in neurodegenerative conditions, particularly for autologous MSC therapy in MS. Impaired neuroprotection mediated by the MSC secretome in progressive MS may reflect reduced reparative potential of autologous MSC-based therapy in MS and it is likely that the causes must be addressed before the full potential of MSC-based therapy is realized. Additionally, we anticipate that understanding the mechanisms responsible will contribute new insights into MS pathogenesis and may also be of wider relevance to other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sarkar
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Juliana Redondo
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin Kemp
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Ginty
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Neil J Scolding
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire M Rice
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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20
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Wang M, Chen J, Liu C, Qiu J, Wang X, Chen P, Xu C. A Graphene Quantum Dots-Hypochlorite Hybrid System for the Quantitative Fluorescent Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700709. [PMID: 28597508 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants play a major part in the prevention and impairment of oxidative stress-induced damages and diseases. Evaluating the antioxidants activity/capacity in food and biological fluid is proved to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of these oxidative stress-induced diseases. Herein, a graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-hypochlorite system to detect the antioxidants including nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in the biological fluid is proposed. The detection principle is based on the fact that antioxidants can protect the fluorescence of GQDs from hypochlorite-caused quenching by acting as the scavengers of hypochlorite. The GQDs-hypochlorite system allows the accurate quantification of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of commercial drinks as well as the extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) secretion upon stimulation of cytokines or hyperglycemia. This system shows the excellent analytical recoveries for commercial drinks (>89.9%) and good consistency with ELISA testing for SOD secretion in cell-conditioned medium. These results demonstrate the ability and reliability of the GQD-hypochlorite system for detecting and quantifying TAC in real drinks and complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Jianding Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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21
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Kemp K, Dey R, Cook A, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Factors Restore Function to Human Frataxin-Deficient Cells. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 16:840-851. [PMID: 28456899 PMCID: PMC5498643 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited neurological disorder characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. At present, no therapy has been shown to reduce disease progression. Strategies being trialled to treat Friedreich's ataxia include drugs that improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative injury. In addition, stem cells have been investigated as a potential therapeutic approach. We have used siRNA-induced knockdown of frataxin in SH-SY5Y cells as an in vitro cellular model for Friedreich's ataxia. Knockdown of frataxin protein expression to levels detected in patients with the disorder was achieved, leading to decreased cellular viability, increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, dysregulation of key anti-oxidant molecules and deficiencies in both cell proliferation and differentiation. Bone marrow stem cells are being investigated extensively as potential treatments for a wide range of neurological disorders, including Friedreich's ataxia. The potential neuroprotective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were therefore studied using our frataxin-deficient cell model. Soluble factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells protected against cellular changes induced by frataxin deficiency, leading to restoration in frataxin levels and anti-oxidant defences, improved survival against oxidative stress and stimulated both cell proliferation and differentiation down the Schwann cell lineage. The demonstration that mesenchymal stem cell-derived factors can restore cellular homeostasis and function to frataxin-deficient cells further suggests that they may have potential therapeutic benefits for patients with Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kemp
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Rimi Dey
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Amelia Cook
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Neil Scolding
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurosciences office, University of Bristol, 1st floor, Learning and Research building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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Zachar L, Bačenková D, Rosocha J. Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:231-240. [PMID: 28008279 PMCID: PMC5170601 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising source of cells in regenerative medicine. They have large potential to differentiate into various tissue-specific populations and may be isolated from diverse tissues in desired quantities. As cells of potential autologous origin, they allow recipients to avoid the alloantigen responses. They also have the ability to create immunomodulatory microenvironment, and thus help to minimize organ damage caused by the inflammation and cells activated by the immune system. Our knowledge about the reparative, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs is advancing. At present, there is a very comprehensible idea on how MSCs affect the immune system, particularly in relation to the tissue and organ damage on immunological basis. Hitherto a number of effective mechanisms have been described by which MSCs influence the immune responses. These mechanisms include a secretion of soluble bioactive agents, an induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, as well as induction of anergy and apoptosis. MSCs are thus able to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Soluble factors that are released into local microenvironment with their subsequent paracrine effects are keys to the activation. As a result, activated MSCs contribute to the restoration of damaged tissues or organs through various mechanisms facilitating reparative and regenerative processes as well as through immunomodulation itself and differentiation into the cells of the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Zachar
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Darina Bačenková
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Rosocha
- Associated Tissue Bank of Faculty of Medicine of P. J. Šafárik University and University Hospital of L. Pasteur, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Dampening Arthritis Progression. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3162743. [PMID: 27847522 PMCID: PMC5101398 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3162743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to immunomodulate cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune systems promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. During the last decade, MSCs have been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo in experimental animal model of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Based on these studies, MSCs are currently widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by complex deregulation of the immune systems. However, the therapeutic properties of MSCs in arthritis are still controverted. These controversies might be due to the diversity of MSC sources and isolation protocols used, the time, the route and dose of MSC administration, the variety of the mechanisms involved in the MSCs suppressive effects, and the complexity of arthritis pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of the interactions between MSCs and the different immune cells associated with arthritis pathogenesis and the possible means described in the literature that could enhance MSCs therapeutic potential counteracting arthritis development and progression.
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24
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Gray A, Schloss RS, Yarmush M. Donor variability among anti-inflammatory pre-activated mesenchymal stromal cells. TECHNOLOGY 2016; 4:201-215. [PMID: 29732384 PMCID: PMC5932627 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547816500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive in part due to their immunomodulatory properties, achieved by their paracrine secretion of factors including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Despite promising pre-clinical data, demonstrating clinical efficacy has proven difficult. The current studies were designed to develop approaches to pre-induce desired functions from naïve MSCs and examine MSC donor variability, two factors contributing to this disconnect. MSCs from six human donors were pre-activated with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) at a concentration and duration identified as optimal or interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as a comparator. Their secretion of PGE2 after pre-activation and secondary exposure to pro-inflammatory molecules was measured. Modulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion from M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages by co-cultured pre-activated MSCs was also measured. Our results indicated that pre-activation of MSCs with IL-1β resulted in upregulated PGE2 secretion post exposure. Pre-activation with IL-1β or IFN-γ resulted in higher sensitivity to induction by secondary stimuli compared to no pre-activation. While IL-1β pre-activation led to enhanced MSC-mediated attenuation of macrophage TNF-α secretion, IFN-γ pre-activation resulted in enhanced TNF-α secretion. Donor variability was noted in PGE2 secretion and upregulation and the level of improved or impaired macrophage modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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25
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Ibitoye R, Kemp K, Rice C, Hares K, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: a review. Biomark Med 2016; 10:889-902. [PMID: 27416337 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide an up-to-date review of oxidative stress biomarkers in multiple sclerosis and thus identify candidate molecules with greatest promise as biomarkers of diagnosis, disease activity or prognosis. METHOD A semi-systematic literature search using PubMed and other databases. RESULTS Nitric oxide metabolites, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein carbonyl, 3-nitrotyrosine, isoprostanes, malondialdehyde and products of DNA oxidation have been identified across multiple studies as having promise as diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic markers in MS. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity of study design, particularly patient selection, limits comparability across studies. Further cohort studies are needed, and we would recommend promising markers be incorporated into future clinical trials to prospectively validate their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ibitoye
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Kevin Kemp
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire Rice
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Kelly Hares
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Neil Scolding
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alastair Wilkins
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol/Level 1, Learning & Research, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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26
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Jiang D, Muschhammer J, Qi Y, Kügler A, de Vries JC, Saffarzadeh M, Sindrilaru A, Beken SV, Wlaschek M, Kluth MA, Ganss C, Frank NY, Frank MH, Preissner KT, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Suppression of Neutrophil-Mediated Tissue Damage-A Novel Skill of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2393-406. [PMID: 27299700 PMCID: PMC5572139 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Though of prime interest, their potentially protective role on neutrophil-induced tissue damage, associated with high morbidity and mortality, has not been explored in sufficient detail. Here we report the therapeutic skill of MSCs to suppress unrestrained neutrophil activation and to attenuate severe tissue damage in a murine immune-complex mediated vasculitis model of unbalanced neutrophil activation. MSC-mediated neutrophil suppression was due to intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent engulfment of neutrophils by MSCs, decreasing overall neutrophil numbers. Similar to MSCs in their endogenous niche of murine and human vasculitis, therapeutically injected MSCs via upregulation of the extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), reduced super-oxide anion concentrations and consequently prevented neutrophil death, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and spillage of matrix degrading neutrophil elastase, gelatinase and myeloperoxidase. SOD3-silenced MSCs did not exert tissue protective effects. Thus, MSCs hold substantial therapeutic promise to counteract tissue damage in conditions with unrestrained neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Kügler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mona Saffarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Seppe Vander Beken
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Division of Genetics, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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The Favorable Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment on the Antioxidant Protective Mechanism in the Corneal Epithelium and Renewal of Corneal Optical Properties Changed after Alkali Burns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5843809. [PMID: 27057279 PMCID: PMC4736412 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5843809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LSCs) influence restoration of an antioxidant protective mechanism in the corneal epithelium and renewal of corneal optical properties changed after alkali burns. The injured rabbit corneas (with 0.25 N NaOH) were untreated or treated with nanofiber scaffolds free of stem cells, with nanofiber scaffolds seeded with bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs), with adipose tissue MSCs (Ad-MSCs), or with LSCs. On day 15 following the injury, after BM-MSCs or LSCs nanofiber treatment (less after Ad-MSCs treatment) the expression of antioxidant enzymes was restored in the regenerated corneal epithelium and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) were low. The central corneal thickness (taken as an index of corneal hydration) increased after the injury and returned to levels before the injury. In injured untreated corneas the epithelium was absent and numerous cells revealed the expressions of iNOS, MMP9, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and VEGF. In conclusion, stem cell treatment accelerated regeneration of the corneal epithelium, restored the antioxidant protective mechanism, and renewed corneal optical properties.
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28
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Reitinger S, Schimke M, Klepsch S, de Sneeuw S, Yani SL, Gaßner R, Ertl P, Lepperdinger G. Systemic impact molds mesenchymal stromal/stem cell aging. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:285-9. [PMID: 25910539 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an accruing emergence of non-functional tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) bring forth progenitors with multi-lineage differentiation potential, yet, they also exhibit anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Due to aging, altered tissue microenvironments constrict controlled stem cell proliferation and progenitor differentiation, thus diminishing the fitness of MSC. Therefore, deepening our understanding of metabolic, molecular and environmental factors impacting on MSC during human aging as well as providing new vistas on their role in promoting healthy aging and preventing age-associated disease is pivot. It is anticipated that integrative quantification of systemic parameters dominantly impacting on MSC will also enable effective personalized prognosis and provision of effective early medical interventions. Working along this line, it can be envisaged that standards in medical therapies can be individually adjusted by accounting not solely for the patient's chronological age or other physical parameters rather than specific physiological parameters which are believed to functionally shape stem cell niches within the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Reitinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Magdalena Schimke
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Klepsch
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Snezana de Sneeuw
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Stella Lukas Yani
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Robert Gaßner
- University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Austrian Institute for Technology, Muthgasse 11, Wien A-1190, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
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Gharibi T, Ahmadi M, Seyfizadeh N, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:113-21. [PMID: 25596473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Although the main cause of MS is not clear, studies suggest that MS is an autoimmune disease which attacks myelin sheath of neurons. There are different therapeutic regimens for MS patients including interferon (IFN)-β, glatiramer acetate (GA), and natalizumab. However, such therapies are not quite effective and are associated with some side effects. So which, there is no complete therapeutic method for MS patients. Regarding the potent immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ameliorative effects in experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE), it seems that MSCs may be a new therapeutic method in MS therapy. MSC transplantation is an approach to regulate the immune system in the region of CNS lesions. In this review, we have tried to discuss about the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and their therapeutic mechanisms in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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31
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Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Oxidative stress, redox regulation and diseases of cellular differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1607-21. [PMID: 25445706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within cells, there is a narrow concentration threshold that governs whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce toxicity or act as second messengers. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss current understanding of how ROS arise, facilitate cell signaling, cause toxicities and disease related to abnormal cell differentiation and those (primarily) sulfur based pathways that provide nucleophilicity to offset these effects. PRIMARY CONCLUSIONS Cellular redox homeostasis mediates a plethora of cellular pathways that determine life and death events. For example, ROS intersect with GSH based enzyme pathways to influence cell differentiation, a process integral to normal hematopoiesis, but also affecting a number of diverse cell differentiation related human diseases. Recent attempts to manage such pathologies have focused on intervening in some of these pathways, with the consequence that differentiation therapy targeting redox homeostasis has provided a platform for drug discovery and development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The balance between electrophilic oxidative stress and protective biomolecular nucleophiles predisposes the evolution of modern life forms. Imbalances of the two can produce aberrant redox homeostasis with resultant pathologies. Understanding the pathways involved provides opportunities to consider interventional strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 274 Calhoun Street MSC 141, Charleston, SC 29425-1410, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Hegyi B, Környei Z, Ferenczi S, Fekete R, Kudlik G, Kovács KJ, Madarász E, Uher F. Regulation of mouse microglia activation and effector functions by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2600-12. [PMID: 24870815 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stems or stromal cells (MSCs) are rare multipotent cells with potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Microglial cells (MGs) are specialized tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that continuously survey their environment with highly motile extensions. Recently, several studies have shown that MSCs are capable of reprogramming microglia into an "M2-like" phenotype characterized by increased phagocytic activity and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory mediators in vitro. However, the precise polarization states of microglia in the presence of MSCs under physiological or under inflammatory conditions remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that MSCs induce a mixed microglia phenotype defined as Arg1-high, CD86-high, CD206-high, IL-10-high, PGE2-high, MCP-1/CCL2-high, IL-1β-moderate, NALP-3-low, and TNF-α-low cells. These MSC-elicited MGs have high phagocytic activity and antigen-presenting ability. Lipopolysaccharide is able to shape this microglia phenotype quantitatively, but not qualitatively in the presence of MSCs. This unique polarization state resembles a novel regulatory microglia phenotype, which might contribute to the resolution of inflammation and to tissue repair in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Hegyi
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Center for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Nyamandi VZ, Johnsen VL, Hughey CC, Hittel DS, Khan A, Newell C, Shearer J. Enhanced stem cell engraftment and modulation of hepatic reactive oxygen species production in diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:721-9. [PMID: 23894091 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of dietary-induced obesity (DIO) on stem cell engraftment and the respective therapeutic potential of stem cell engraftment in DIO have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of DIO on the survival and efficacy of intravenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration in the conscious C57BL/6 mouse. METHODS Male mice consumed either a chow (CH) or high fat (HF, 60% kcal) diet for 18 weeks and were subsequently treated with MSC over a 6-day period. Key measurements included tissue-specific cell engraftment, glucose and insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. RESULTS MSC administration had no effect on inflammatory markers, glucose, or insulin sensitivity. DIO mice showed increases in MSC engraftment in multiple tissues compared with their CH counterparts. Engraftment was increased in the HF liver where MSC administration attenuated DIO-induced oxidative stress. These liver-specific alterations in HF-MSC were associated with increases in stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which contribute to cell survival and modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics. CONCLUSION Results suggest that MSC administration in DIO promotes engraftment and mitigates hepatic oxidative stress. These data invite further exploration into the therapeutic potential of stem cells for the treatment of DIO oxidative stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongai Z Nyamandi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Haddad R, Saldanha-Araujo F. Mechanisms of T-cell immunosuppression by mesenchymal stromal cells: what do we know so far? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:216806. [PMID: 25025040 PMCID: PMC4082893 DOI: 10.1155/2014/216806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, which can give rise to several cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. These cells can be found in a variety of adult and fetal tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood, and placenta. In recent years, the biological properties of MSCs have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide due to their potential application for treating a series of clinical situations. Among these properties, special attention should be given to the immunoregulatory potential of those cells. MSCs are able to act on all cells of the immune system, which includes the capacity to inhibit the proliferation and function of T-cells. This feature renders them natural candidates to treat several diseases in which cellular immune response is exacerbated. In this review, we outline the main mechanisms by which MSCs immunosuppress T-cell response, focusing on cell-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and regulatory T-cell generation. The influence of surface markers in the immunosuppression process and features of MSCs isolated from different sources are also discussed. Finally, the influences of toll-like receptors and cytokines on the inflammatory microenvironment are highlighted regarding the activation of MSCs to exert their immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Haddad
- 1Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, 72220-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- 2Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
- *Felipe Saldanha-Araujo:
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Rice CM, Kemp K, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: an evolving concept with implications for other neurodegenerative diseases. Lancet 2013; 382:1204-13. [PMID: 24095194 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a major cause of neurological disability, and particularly occurs in young adults. It is characterised by conspicuous patches of damage throughout the brain and spinal cord, with loss of myelin and myelinating cells (oligodendrocytes), and damage to neurons and axons. Multiple sclerosis is incurable, but stem-cell therapy might offer valuable therapeutic potential. Efforts to develop stem-cell therapies for multiple sclerosis have been conventionally built on the principle of direct implantation of cells to replace oligodendrocytes, and therefore to regenerate myelin. Recent progress in understanding of disease processes in multiple sclerosis include observations that spontaneous myelin repair is far more widespread and successful than was previously believed, that loss of axons and neurons is more closely associated with progressive disability than is myelin loss, and that damage occurs diffusely throughout the CNS in grey and white matter, not just in discrete, isolated patches or lesions. These findings have introduced new and serious challenges that stem-cell therapy needs to overcome; the practical challenges to achieve cell replacement alone are difficult enough, but, to be useful, cell therapy for multiple sclerosis must achieve substantially more than the replacement of lost oligodendrocytes. However, parallel advances in understanding of the reparative properties of stem cells--including their distinct immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, interactions with resident or tissue-based stem cells, cell fusion, and neurotrophin elaboration--offer renewed hope for development of cell-based therapies. Additionally, these advances suggest avenues for translation of this approach not only for multiple sclerosis, but also for other common neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Burden MS Stem Cell Laboratories and BrAMS Unit, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Rice CM, Cottrell D, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:1100-6. [PMID: 23418213 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been recognised as presenting great difficulties to our management of what is increasingly a treatable neurological disease. Here we review some basic and clinical aspects of primary progressive MS, and describe how the disorder in fact offers powerful insights and opportunities for better understanding multiple sclerosis, and from a practical perspective an invaluable clinical substrate for studying and treating progressive disability in MS. Difficult hurdles remain, however, and these too are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Rice
- University of Bristol Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Liu Q, Jin L, Mahon BH, Chordia MD, Shen FH, Li X. Novel treatment of neuroinflammation against low back pain by soluble fullerol nanoparticles. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013; 38:1443-51. [PMID: 23466506 PMCID: PMC3731423 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31828fc6b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in vitro study to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of fullerol on mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) under tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induction. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of a free radical scavenger, fullerol nanoparticles, to prevent DRG tissue and neuron inflammatory responses under TNF-α induction in vitro. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for clinician visits in Western societies. Symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly implicated as a cause of low back pain, as it results in DRG inflammation. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with DRG inflammation. METHODS With or without fullerol treatment, DRG tissue and DRG neurons isolated from wild-type C3H/HeNCrl (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) mice were cultured under TNF-α induction. The amount of intracellular ROS was measured with H2DCFDA (Life Technologies Corporation, Grand Island, NY) fluorescence staining. Cellular apoptosis was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. The expression of inflammatory as well as antioxidative enzyme genes in neurons was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, inflammatory cytokine expression in DRG tissue was determined by immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Fluorescence staining results indicated that TNF-α markedly increased the production of intracellular ROS and the number of apoptotic cells. Under fullerol treatment, cellular apoptosis was reduced along with concomitant suppression of ROS. The expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 β, interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2, was also inhibited by fullerol in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, fullerol-treated cells exhibited upregulation of antioxidative enzyme genes superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study clearly suggest that fullerol treatment suppresses the inflammatory responses of DRG and neurons, as well as cellular apoptosis by decreasing the level of ROS and potentially enhancing antioxidative enzyme gene expression. Therefore, fullerol has potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for low back pain treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihai Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Mahon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Francis H. Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Peñuelas O, Melo E, Sánchez C, Sánchez I, Quinn K, Ferruelo A, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Esteban A, Navajas D, Nin N, Lorente JA, Farré R. Antioxidant effect of human adult adipose-derived stromal stem cells in alveolar epithelial cells undergoing stretch. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 188:1-8. [PMID: 23643709 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar epithelial cells undergo stretching during mechanical ventilation. Stretch can modify the oxidative balance in the alveolar epithelium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant role of human adult adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) when human alveolar epithelial cells were subjected to injurious cyclic overstretching. METHODS A549 cells were subjected to biaxial stretch (0-15% change in surface area for 24h, 0.2Hz) with and without hADSCs. At the end of the experiments, oxidative stress was measured as superoxide generation using positive nuclear dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cell lysates, 8-isoprostane concentrations in supernatant, and 3-nitrotyrosine by indirect immunofluorescence in fixed cells. RESULTS Cyclically stretching of AECs induced a significant decrease in SOD activity, and an increase in 8-isoprostane concentrations, DHE staining and 3-nitrotyrosine staining compared with non-stretched cells. Treatment with hADSCs significantly attenuated stretch-induced changes in SOD activity, 8-isoprostane concentrations, DHE and 3-nitrotyrosine staining. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hADSCs have an anti-oxidative effect in human alveolar epithelial cells undergoing cyclic stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Peñuelas
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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Dey R, Kemp K, Gray E, Rice C, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Human mesenchymal stem cells increase anti-oxidant defences in cells derived from patients with Friedreich's ataxia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 11:861-71. [PMID: 22826109 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-012-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is, at present, incurable. Oxidative damage and inhibition of mitochondrial function are key determinants of cellular damage in FRDA, since there is greater sensitivity to oxidative stress in cells with frataxin deficiency. In addition, frataxin-deficient cells have an impaired ability to recruit antioxidant defences against endogenous oxidative stress. We have recently shown that factors derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes and offer protection against hydrogen peroxide-mediated injury in cells derived from patients with FRDA. Here we extend these studies and have performed a series of experiments showing that expression of superoxide dismutase (1 and 2) enzymes is reduced in FRDA cells but can be restored by treatment with conditioned medium from human MSCs. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that exposure to factors secreted by MSCs increases resistance to nitric oxide-induced oxidative stress in FRDA fibroblasts through, at least in part, restoring the expression of the superoxide dismuting enzymes and via modulation of PI(3) kinase/Akt pathways. These findings suggest that MSCs secrete factors that improve the cellular homeostasis of cells derived from FRDA patients and provide suitable support for their enhanced survival. This study further suggests the potential therapeutic use of MSCs in patients with FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Dey
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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40
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Uccelli A, Laroni A, Freedman MS. Mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for MS - progress to date. Mult Scler 2012; 19:515-9. [PMID: 23124791 DOI: 10.1177/1352458512464686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unmet need for therapies capable of repairing the central nervous system (CNS) damage occurring in many diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) has sparked the interest of the neurological community for stem cell-based therapies. An exhaustive amount of preclinical data has shown that the intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a subset of progenitor cells isolated from many mesodermal tissues, effectively ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, through the release of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules. Based on these results, several small pilot clinical trials in subjects with advanced MS have demonstrated that MSC administration is safe and provided an early signal of clinical effectiveness. The current aim of clinicians and scientists interested in the development of MSC-based strategies for the treatment of MS is to have the ultimate demonstration in large clinical trials that MSC can inhibit CNS inflammation and foster tissue repair as realized clinically, with functional recovery, or visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Italy.
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41
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Lepperdinger G. Developmental programs are kept alive during adulthood by stem cells: the aging aspect. Exp Gerontol 2012; 48:644-6. [PMID: 22819756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental for life-long preservation of cellular somatic maintenance. Tissue-borne stem cells replenish worn-out critical elements. Provided they remain fit over lifetime, enduring stem cell activities avert the emergence of age-associated chronic degenerative diseases and pathologies. Although experimentally still unclear, it is assumed that stem cells reside in protected niches. Freshly isolated mesenchymal stem cells exhibit donor-specific aberrations, which cannot solely be ascribed to differences in genetic background. Besides inevitably accumulating intrinsic modifications, the systemic environment also impacts on basic properties of mesenchymal stem cells such as their inherent multi-lineage differentiation potential. Chronic systemic aberrations over time comprise unwholesome influences, in particular in terms of regeneration and repair when stem cells recapitulate distinct developmental programs. During or thereafter, stem cells can diversify either because of insufficiently silencing activated building cycles, or by acquiring epigenetic deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Lepperdinger
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Neyestani TR, Ghandchi Z, Eshraghian MR, Kalayi A, Shariatzadeh N, Houshiarrad A. Evidence for augmented oxidative stress in the subjects with type 1 diabetes and their siblings: a possible preventive role for antioxidants. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1054-8. [PMID: 22781023 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to be involved in both development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its further complications. In this study, certain biomarkers of OS were compared among the subjects with T1D, their non-diabetic siblings and unrelated healthy controls. SUBJECTS/METHODS Known cases of T1D from both sexes aged 5-25 years were enrolled in a case-control study (n(1)=60). There were two control groups; non-diabetic siblings (n(2)=60) and unrelated apparently healthy subjects (n(3)=60). Anthropometric, dietary and laboratory assessments were done. RESULTS There was no significant difference in dietary data among the groups. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in T1D than both related and unrelated controls (1.6 ± 0.05, 1.7 ± 0.05 and 1.8 ± 0.06 mmol BSA equivalent/l, respectively, P=0.044). Both T1D subjects and their siblings showed lower glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels (median (interquartile range): 22.2 (28.6), 29.9 (23) and 41.8 (73.6) U/ml, respectively, P=0.006). On the contrary, superoxide dismutase concentrations were significantly higher in T1D group and the siblings than unrelated healthy controls (243 (45.3), 157.8 (176.9) and 27.9 (8.7) U/l, respectively, P<0.001). Serum concentrations of GSH correlated with energy intake in the siblings (r=0.521, P<0.001) and unrelated controls (r=0.268, P=0.042) but not in T1D group. The associations remained significant after controlling for blood glucose (r=0.437, P=0.001 and r=0.420, P=0.011, respectively) in both the groups. CONCLUSION Augmented OS in the siblings may indicate an increased requirement for antioxidants in genetically diabetes-prone subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Baiguera S, Jungebluth P, Mazzanti B, Macchiarini P. Mesenchymal stromal cells for tissue-engineered tissue and organ replacements. Transpl Int 2012; 25:369-82. [PMID: 22248229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a rare heterogeneous subset of pluripotent stromal cells that can be easily isolated from different adult tissues, in vitro expanded and differentiated into multiple lineages, are immune privileged and, more important, display immunomodulatory capacities. Because of this, they are the preferred cell source in tissue-engineered replacements, not only in autogeneic conditions, where they do not evoke any immune response, but especially in the setting of allogeneic organ and tissue replacements. However, more preclinical and clinical studies are requested to completely understand MSC's immune biology and possible clinical applications. We herein review the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, their possible mechanisms and potential clinical use for tissue-engineered organ and tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baiguera
- BIOAIRlab, European Center of Thoracic Research (CERT), University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Angel TE, Jacobs JM, Spudich SS, Gritsenko MA, Fuchs D, Liegler T, Zetterberg H, Camp DG, Price RW, Smith RD. The cerebrospinal fluid proteome in HIV infection: change associated with disease severity. Clin Proteomics 2012; 9:3. [PMID: 22433316 PMCID: PMC3353874 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a nearly universal feature of untreated systemic HIV infection with a clinical spectrum that ranges from chronic asymptomatic infection to severe cognitive and motor dysfunction. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has played an important part in defining the character of this evolving infection and response to treatment. To further characterize CNS HIV infection and its effects, we applied advanced high-throughput proteomic methods to CSF to identify novel proteins and their changes with disease progression and treatment. RESULTS After establishing an accurate mass and time (AMT) tag database containing 23,141 AMT tags for CSF peptides, we analyzed 91 CSF samples by LC-MS from 12 HIV-uninfected and 14 HIV-infected subjects studied in the context of initiation of antiretroviral therapy and correlated abundances of identified proteins a) within and between subjects, b) with all other proteins across the entire sample set, and c) with "external" CSF biomarkers of infection (HIV RNA), immune activation (neopterin) and neural injury (neurofilament light chain protein, NFL). We identified a mean of 2,333 +/- 328 (SD) peptides covering 307 +/-16 proteins in the 91 CSF sample set. Protein abundances differed both between and within subjects sampled at different time points and readily separated those with and without HIV infection. Proteins also showed inter-correlations across the sample set that were associated with biologically relevant dynamic processes. One-hundred and fifty proteins showed correlations with the external biomarkers. For example, using a threshold of cross correlation coefficient (Pearson's) ≤ -0.3 and ≥0.3 for potentially meaningful relationships, a total of 99 proteins correlated with CSF neopterin (43 negative and 56 positive correlations) and related principally to neuronal plasticity and survival and to innate immunity. Pathway analysis defined several networks connecting the identified proteins, including one with amyloid precursor protein as a central node. CONCLUSIONS Advanced CSF proteomic analysis enabled the identification of an array of novel protein changes across the spectrum of CNS HIV infection and disease. This initial analysis clearly demonstrated the value of contemporary state-of-the-art proteomic CSF analysis as a discovery tool in HIV infection with likely similar application to other neurological inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Angel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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Nightingale H, Kemp K, Gray E, Hares K, Mallam E, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Changes in expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD3 occur upon differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2026-35. [PMID: 22132904 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete SOD3 may help explain studies in which MSCs have direct antioxidant activities both in vivo and in vitro. SOD3 is an antioxidant enzyme that dismutes toxic free radicals produced during inflammatory processes. Therefore, MSC production and secretion of active and therapeutically significant levels of SOD3 would further support the use of MSCs as a cellular based antioxidant therapy. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate in vitro if MSC differentiation down the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages influences the expression of the antioxidant molecule SOD3. Human bone marrow MSCs and their differentiated progeny were cultured under standard conditions and both the SOD3 gene and protein expression examined. Following adipogenesis, cultures demonstrated that both SOD3 protein and gene expression are significantly increased, and conversely, following chondrogenesis SOD3 protein and gene expression is significantly decreased. Following osteogenesis there were no significant changes in SOD3 protein or gene expression. This in vitro study describes the initial characterization of SOD3 expression and secretion by differentiated MSCs. This should help guide further in vivo work establishing the therapeutic and antioxidative potential of MSC and their differentiated progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nightingale
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristo, Bristol, UK
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Eberle I, Moslem M, Henschler R, Cantz T. Engineered MSCs from Patient-Specific iPS Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:1-17. [PMID: 22915200 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenic cell population that can be isolated from various tissues of the body or can be generated from pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation. Various promising pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that MSCs might stimulate endogenous regeneration and/or act as anti-inflammatory agents, which could be of high therapeutic relevance for a number of diseases, including graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, inflammatory bowel diseases, or some forms of liver failure. Notably, conflicting results of various studies illustrated that the source of MSCs, the cultivation condition, and the way of administration have important effects on the desired clinical effect. Some of the involved molecular pathways have recently been elucidated and an artificial modulation of these pathways by engineered MSCs might result in superfunctional MSCs for enhanced endogenous regeneration or anti-inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize important findings of conventional MSCs for applications in gastroenterology and we describe the state-of-the-art for the generation of patient-derived iPS cells that eventually might provide genetically engineered superfunctional iPS cells for advanced cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Eberle
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, OE 8881, Cluster-of-Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Whone AL, Kemp K, Sun M, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect catecholaminergic and serotonergic neuronal perikarya and transporter function from oxidative stress by the secretion of glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2012; 1431:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wong VW, Rustad KC, Glotzbach JP, Sorkin M, Inayathullah M, Major MR, Longaker MT, Rajadas J, Gurtner GC. Pullulan hydrogels improve mesenchymal stem cell delivery into high-oxidative-stress wounds. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1458-66. [PMID: 21994074 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for wound repair are limited by inefficient delivery systems that fail to protect cells from the acute inflammatory environment. Here, a biomimetic hydrogel system is described that is based on the polymer pullulan, a carbohydrate glucan known to exhibit potent antioxidant capabilities. It is shown that pullulan hydrogels are an effective cell delivery system and improve mesenchymal stem cell survival and engraftment in high-oxidative-stress environments. The results suggest that glucan hydrogel systems may prove beneficial for progenitor-cell-based approaches to skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Wong
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kemp K, Mallam E, Hares K, Witherick J, Scolding N, Wilkins A. Mesenchymal stem cells restore frataxin expression and increase hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes in Friedreich ataxia fibroblasts. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26098. [PMID: 22016819 PMCID: PMC3189234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic advances in recent decades in understanding the genetics of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA)--a GAA triplet expansion causing greatly reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin--have thus far yielded no therapeutic dividend, since there remain no effective treatments that prevent or even slow the inevitable progressive disability in affected individuals. Clinical interventions that restore frataxin expression are attractive therapeutic approaches, as, in theory, it may be possible to re-establish normal function in frataxin deficient cells if frataxin levels are increased above a specific threshold. With this in mind several drugs and cytokines have been tested for their ability to increase frataxin levels. Cell transplantation strategies may provide an alternative approach to this therapeutic aim, and may also offer more widespread cellular protective roles in FRDA. Here we show a direct link between frataxin expression in fibroblasts derived from FRDA patients with both decreased expression of hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity. We demonstrate that normal human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce both an increase in frataxin gene and protein expression in FRDA fibroblasts via secretion of soluble factors. Finally, we show that exposure to factors produced by human MSCs increases resistance to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity in FRDA fibroblasts through, at least in part, restoring the expression of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1. These findings suggest, for the first time, that stem cells may increase frataxin levels in FRDA and transplantation of MSCs may offer an effective treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kemp
- Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Loria T, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Farina F, La Rocca G. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as candidates for beta cells regeneration: extending the differentiative and immunomodulatory benefits of adult mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:342-63. [PMID: 20972649 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders (i.e. are able to differentiate towards ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cytotypes) and are viewed as promising cells for regenerative medicine approaches in several diseases. Type I diabetes therapy should potentially benefit from such differentiated cells: the search for alternatives to organ/islet transplantation strategies via stem cells differentiation is an ongoing task, significant goals having been achieved in most experimental settings (e.g. insulin production and euglycaemia restoration), though caution is still needed to ensure safe and durable effects in vivo. MSC are obtainable in high numbers via ex vivo culture and can be differentiated towards insulin-producing cells (IPC). Moreover, recent reports evidenced that MSC possess immunomodulatory activities (acting on both innate and acquired immunity effectors) which should result in a reduction of the immunogenicity of transplanted cells, thus limiting rejection. Moreover it has been proposed that MSC administration should be used to attenuate the autoimmune processes which lead to the destruction of beta cells. This review illustrates the recent advances made in differentiating human MSC to IPC. In particular, we compare the effectiveness of the differentiation protocols applied, the markers and functional assays used to characterize differentiated progeny, and the in vivo controls. We further speculate on how MSC derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord may represent a more promising regenerative medicine tool, as recently demonstrated for endoderm-derived organs (as liver) in human subjects, also considering their peculiar immunomodulatory features compared to other MSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, PA 90127, Italy
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