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Flippen A, Khasabova IA, Simone DA, Khasabov SG. Systemic administration of Resolvin D1 reduces cancer-induced bone pain in mice: Lack of sex dependency in pain development and analgesia. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70077. [PMID: 39101490 PMCID: PMC11299078 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bone cancer produces severe pain that is treated with opioids, but serious side effects limit opioid utilization. There is therefore a need to develop effective and safe non-opioid alternatives. The lipid mediator, Resolvin D1 (RvD1), could be a prospective candidate for cancer pain treatment. To assess RvD1 and other potential candidates, appropriate animal models that recapitulate clinical features must be used. Although several preclinical models of cancer pain have been developed, the influence of sex on the development of cancer pain and the effectiveness of RvD1 have not been studied. RESULTS Using a mouse model of fibrosarcoma growth in and around the calcaneus bone, we demonstrated that the mechanical hyperalgesia in the tumor-bearing hind paw develops independently of sex, except that it developed a little sooner in female mice. A single intravenous injection of RvD1 (0.001-10 μg/kg) decreased hyperalgesia in both sexes with similar potency (ED50 = 0.0015 μg/kg) and efficacy. Repeated daily administration of 10 μg/kg RvD1 prolonged the analgesic effect and completely abolished hyperalgesia. This was also independent of sex. CONCLUSION In this preclinical mouse model of bone cancer pain, the development of pain and the analgesic effectiveness of RvD1 are not influenced by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Flippen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Iryna A. Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Donald A. Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sergey G. Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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2
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Frago LM, Gómez-Romero A, Collado-Pérez R, Argente J, Chowen JA. Synergism Between Hypothalamic Astrocytes and Neurons in Metabolic Control. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38530221 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are no longer considered as passive support cells. In the hypothalamus, these glial cells actively participate in the control of appetite, energy expenditure, and the processes leading to obesity and its secondary complications. Here we briefly review studies supporting this conclusion and the advances made in understanding the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gómez-Romero
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ghodsi A, Hidalgo A, Libreros S. Lipid mediators in neutrophil biology: inflammation, resolution and beyond. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:175-192. [PMID: 38727155 PMCID: PMC11301784 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute inflammation is the body's first defense in response to pathogens or injury. Failure to efficiently resolve the inflammatory insult can severely affect tissue homeostasis, leading to chronic inflammation. Neutrophils play a pivotal role in eradicating infectious pathogens, orchestrating the initiation and resolution of acute inflammation, and maintaining physiological functions. The resolution of inflammation is a highly orchestrated biochemical process, partially modulated by a novel class of endogenous lipid mediators known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs mediate their potent bioactions via activating specific cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the multifaceted functions of SPMs, detailing their roles in expediting neutrophil apoptosis, promoting clearance by macrophages, regulating their excessive infiltration at inflammation sites, orchestrating bone marrow deployment, also enhances neutrophil phagocytosis and tissue repair mechanisms under both physiological and pathological conditions. We also focus on the novel role of SPMs in regulating bone marrow neutrophil functions, differentiation, and highlight open questions about SPMs' functions in neutrophil heterogeneity. SUMMARY SPMs play a pivotal role in mitigating excessive neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivity within pathological milieus, notably in conditions such as sepsis, cardiovascular disease, ischemic events, and cancer. This significant function highlights SPMs as promising therapeutic agents in the management of both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ghodsi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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4
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Signorini C, Pannuzzo G, Graziano ACE, Moretti E, Collodel G, Cardile V. Dietary Supplementation with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Delays the Phenotypic Manifestation of Krabbe Disease and Partially Restores Lipid Mediator Production in the Brain-Study in a Mouse Model of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7149. [PMID: 39000257 PMCID: PMC11241235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators from fatty acid oxidation have been shown to be associated with the severity of Krabbe disease (KD), a disorder linked to mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. This study aims to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on KD traits and fatty acid metabolism using Twitcher (Tw) animals as a natural model for KD. Wild-type (Wt), heterozygous (Ht), and affected Tw animals were treated orally with 36 mg n-3 PUFAs/kg body weight/day from 10 to 35 days of life. The end product of PUFA peroxidation (8-isoprostane), the lipid mediator involved in the resolution of inflammatory exudates (resolvin D1), and the total amount of n-3 PUFAs were analyzed in the brains of mice. In Tw mice, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs delayed the manifestation of disease symptoms (p < 0.0001), and in the bran, decreased 8-isoprostane amounts (p < 0.0001), increased resolvin D1 levels (p < 0.005) and increased quantity of total n-3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total brain n-3 PUFA levels were associated with disease severity (r = -0.562, p = 0.0001), resolvin D1 (r = 0.712, p < 0.0001), and 8-isoprostane brain levels (r = -0.690, p < 0.0001). For the first time in a natural model of KD, brain levels of n-3 PUFAs are shown to determine disease severity and to be involved in the peroxidation of brain PUFAs as well as in the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. It is also shown that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs leads to a slowing of the phenotypic presentation of the disease and restoration of lipid mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Elena Moretti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (V.C.)
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5
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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6
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Omega-3 ( n-3) Fatty Acid-Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:962. [PMID: 38612996 PMCID: PMC11013773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin-n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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7
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Paciello F, Pisani A, Rolesi R, Montuoro R, Mohamed-Hizam V, Boni G, Ripoli C, Galli J, Sisto R, Fetoni AR, Grassi C. Oxidative stress and inflammation cause auditory system damage via glial cell activation and dysregulated expression of gap junction proteins in an experimental model of styrene-induced oto/neurotoxicity. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38178142 PMCID: PMC10765700 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox imbalance and inflammation have been proposed as the principal mechanisms of damage in the auditory system, resulting in functional alterations and hearing loss. Microglia and astrocytes play a crucial role in mediating oxidative/inflammatory injury in the central nervous system; however, the role of glial cells in the auditory damage is still elusive. OBJECTIVES Here we investigated glial-mediated responses to toxic injury in peripheral and central structures of the auditory pathway, i.e., the cochlea and the auditory cortex (ACx), in rats exposed to styrene, a volatile compound with well-known oto/neurotoxic properties. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were treated with styrene (400 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks, 5/days a week). Electrophysiological, morphological, immunofluorescence and molecular analyses were performed in both the cochlea and the ACx to evaluate the mechanisms underlying styrene-induced oto/neurotoxicity in the auditory system. RESULTS We showed that the oto/neurotoxic insult induced by styrene increases oxidative stress in both cochlea and ACx. This was associated with macrophages and glial cell activation, increased expression of inflammatory markers (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors) and alterations in connexin (Cxs) and pannexin (Panx) expression, likely responsible for dysregulation of the microglia/astrocyte network. Specifically, we found downregulation of Cx26 and Cx30 in the cochlea, and high level of Cx43 and Panx1 in the ACx. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results provide novel evidence on the role of immune and glial cell activation in the oxidative/inflammatory damage induced by styrene in the auditory system at both peripheral and central levels, also involving alterations of gap junction networks. Our data suggest that targeting glial cells and connexin/pannexin expression might be useful to attenuate oxidative/inflammatory damage in the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pisani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Montuoro
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giammarco Boni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Audiology, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
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8
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Chen E, Zhou D, Deng R. Serum resolvin D1 potentially predicts neurofunctional recovery, the risk of recurrence and death in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:10. [PMID: 38124765 PMCID: PMC10731167 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) represses inflammation, oxidative damage and neural injury related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) progression. The present study aimed to explore the association of serum RvD1 with disease features, neurological recovery and prognosis in patients with AIS. A total of 212 patients with newly diagnosed AIS, whose serum RvD1 was quantified at admission and at discharge using an ELISA were enrolled in the current study. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was noted at 3 months after patient enrolment (M3), and patients were followed up for a median duration of 11.4 (range, 1.1-21.0) months. The median RvD1 in patients with AIS at admission was 1.07 (range, 0.11-9.29) ng/ml and it was negatively correlated with the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (r=-0.160; P=0.009) and C-reactive protein level (r=-0.272; P<0.001), but it was not correlated with comorbidities or other biochemical indexes. RvD1 at admission was lower in patients with mRS >2 at M3 (P=0.001), recurrence (P=0.001) or death (P=0.032) compared with that in patients without the aforementioned characteristics, which had a general ability to estimate mRS >2 at M3 [area under curve (AUC), 0.633], as well as lower risk of recurrence (AUC, 0.745) and death (AUC, 0.757) according to receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The median RvD1 was raised to 1.70 (range, 0.30-16.62) ng/ml at discharge. RvD1 at discharge was able to forecast mRS >2 at M3 (AUC, 0.678) and was able to predict the risk of recurrence (AUC, 0.796) and death (AUC, 0.826) in the ROC curve analyses. Increased serum RvD1 was associated with an attenuated inflammation status, and predicted improved neurological recovery, and lower risk of recurrence and death in patients with AIS. More specifically, its level at discharge exhibits a better prognostic utility than that at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Deng
- Health Management, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
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9
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Pan SW, Hu LS, Wang H, Li RT, He YJ, Shang Y, Dai ZL, Chen LX, Xiong W. Resolvin D1 Induces mTOR-independent and ATG5-dependent Autophagy in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1096-1106. [PMID: 37924386 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activation state of microglia is known to occupy a central position in the pathophysiological process of cerebral inflammation. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, autophagy has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuroinflammation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a promising therapeutic mediator that has been shown to exert substantial anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities. However, whether RvD1-mediated resolution of inflammation in microglia is related to autophagy regulation needs further investigation. The present study aimed to explore the effect of RvD1 on microglial autophagy and its corresponding pathways. METHODS Mouse microglial cells (BV-2) were cultured, treated with RvD1, and examined by Western blotting, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS RvD1 promoted autophagy in both BV-2 cells and mouse primary microglia by favoring the maturation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes. Importantly, RvD1 had no significant effect on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Furthermore, RvD1-induced mTOR-independent autophagy was confirmed by observing reduced cytoplasmic calcium levels and suppressed calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) activation. Moreover, by downregulating ATG5, the increased phagocytic activity induced by RvD1 was demonstrated to be tightly controlled by ATG5-dependent autophagy. CONCLUSION The present work identified a previously unreported mechanism responsible for the role of RvD1 in microglial autophagy, highlighting its therapeutic potential against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Sha Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Li-Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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10
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Yurube T, Han I, Sakai D. Concepts of Regeneration for Spinal Diseases in 2023. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16335. [PMID: 38003526 PMCID: PMC10671128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is our pleasure to announce the publication of the Special Issue "Regeneration for Spinal Diseases 3.0" in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan;
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11
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Jia X, Li Z, Shen X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang L. High-intensity swimming alleviates nociception and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of chronic post-ischemia pain by activating the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2535-2544. [PMID: 37282487 PMCID: PMC10360102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise effectively alleviates chronic pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome type-I. However, the mechanism of exercise-induced analgesia has not been clarified. Recent studies have shown that the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 promotes relief of pathologic pain by binding to chemerin receptor 23 in the nervous system. However, whether the resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis is involved in exercise-induced analgesia in complex regional pain syndrome type-I has not been demonstrated. In the present study, a mouse model of chronic post-ischemia pain was established to mimic complex regional pain syndrome type-I and subjected to an intervention involving swimming at different intensities. Chronic pain was reduced only in mice that engaged in high-intensity swimming. The resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis was clearly downregulated in the spinal cord of mice with chronic pain, while high-intensity swimming restored expression of resolvin E1 and chemerin receptor 23. Finally, shRNA-mediated silencing of chemerin receptor 23 in the spinal cord reversed the analgesic effect of high-intensity swimming exercise on chronic post-ischemic pain and the anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These findings suggest that high-intensity swimming can decrease chronic pain via the endogenous resolvin E1-chemerin receptor 23 axis in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiafeng Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Chen L, Huang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, You X, Zou L, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang X, Huang Y. Resolvin D1 promotes the resolution of inflammation in the ACLF rat model by increasing the proportion of Treg cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1076. [PMID: 38018579 PMCID: PMC10659757 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) causes organ system failures in patients and increases the risk of mortality. One of the main predictors of ACLF development in patients is the severity of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the rat model of ACLF. METHODS The ACLF rats were induced by first intraperitoneally (ip) injecting CCl4 and porcine serum for 6 weeks to establish the chronic liver injury, followed by once administration (ip) of lipopolysaccharide and d-galactose d-GalN to cause acute liver injury (ALI). An hour before the ALI-induced treatment, rats were administrated (ip) with 0.9% saline or different doses of RvD1 (0.3 or 1 µg/kg). Afterward, the control and treated rats were killed and samples were collected. Biochemical analysis, hematoxylin-eosin and Sirius red staining, flow cytometry assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the rat liver histopathological injury, the percentage of Treg cells in the spleen, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of transcription factors and immunologic cytokines in liver. RESULTS The necroinflammatory scores and the serum levels of transaminase significantly increased in ACLF rats compared with those in control rats. These impaired changes observed in ACLF rats could be attenuated by the administration of a low dose of RvD1 before the induction of ALI, which was associated with the increased proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen together with the increased gene expression ratio of Foxp3/RORγt and decreased mRNA level of Il-17a and Il-6 in the liver. CONCLUSION A low dose of RvD1 can promote the resolution of inflammation in ACLF rats by increasing the proportion of Treg cells. RvD1, therefore, may be used as a potential drug for the treatment of patients with ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Chen
- Department of Infectious DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Internal NeurologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Xueye You
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Laiyu Zou
- Department of Infectious DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Yuehong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Institute of Digestive DiseaseFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors and Upper Gastrointestinal DiseasesFuzhouChina
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Reid MM, Kautzmann MAI, Andrew G, Obenaus A, Mukherjee PK, Khoutorova L, Ji JX, Roque CR, Oria RB, Habeb BF, Belayev L, Bazan NG. NPD1 Plus RvD1 Mediated Ischemic Stroke Penumbra Protection Increases Expression of Pro-homeostatic Microglial and Astrocyte Genes. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3555-3573. [PMID: 37270727 PMCID: PMC10477115 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotection to attenuate or block the ischemic cascade and salvage neuronal damage has been extensively explored for treating ischemic stroke. However, despite increasing knowledge of the physiologic, mechanistic, and imaging characterizations of the ischemic penumbra, no effective neuroprotective therapy has been found. This study focuses on the neuroprotective bioactivity of docosanoid mediators: Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), Resolvin D1 (RvD1), and their combination in experimental stroke. Molecular targets of NPD1 and RvD1 are defined by following dose-response and therapeutic window. We demonstrated that treatment with NPD1, RvD1, and combination therapy provides high-grade neurobehavioral recovery and decreases ischemic core and penumbra volumes even when administered up to 6 h after stroke. The expression of the following genes was salient: (a) Cd163, an anti-inflammatory stroke-associated gene, was the most differentially expressed gene by NPD1+RvD1, displaying more than a 123-fold upregulation in the ipsilesional penumbra (Lisi et al., Neurosci Lett 645:106-112, 2017); (b) 100-fold upregulation takes place in astrocyte gene PTX3, a key regulator of neurogenesis and angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia (. Rodriguez-Grande et al., J Neuroinflammation 12:15, 2015); and (c) Tmem119 and P2y12, two markers of homeostatic microglia, were found to be enhanced by ten- and fivefold, respectively (Walker et al. Int J Mol Sci 21:678, 2020). Overall, we uncovered that protection after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) by the lipid mediators elicits expression of microglia and astrocyte-specific genes (Tmem119, Fcrls, Osmr, Msr1, Cd68, Cd163, Amigo2, Thbs1, and Tm4sf1) likely participating in enhancing homeostatic microglia, modulating neuroinflammation, promoting DAMP clearance, activating NPC differentiation and maturation, synapse integrity and contributing to cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigan M Reid
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Marie-Audrey I Kautzmann
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gethein Andrew
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Larissa Khoutorova
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jeff X Ji
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Cassia R Roque
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oria
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bola F Habeb
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier St, Suite 9B16, Room 935A, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, Neuroscience Center of Excellence, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Jeong SY, Lee HL, Wee S, Lee H, Hwang G, Hwang S, Yoon S, Yang YI, Han I, Kim KN. Co-Administration of Resolvin D1 and Peripheral Nerve-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids as a Therapeutic Strategy in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10971. [PMID: 37446149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), primarily caused by trauma, leads to permanent and lasting loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Current therapeutic strategies are focused on mitigating secondary injury, a crucial aspect of SCI pathophysiology. Among these strategies, stem cell therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential. This study builds on our previous work, which demonstrated the functional recovery and neuronal regeneration capabilities of peripheral nerve-derived stem cell (PNSC) spheroids, which are akin to neural crest stem cells, in SCI models. However, the limited anti-inflammatory capacity of PNSC spheroids necessitates a combined therapeutic approach. As a result, we investigated the potential of co-administering resolvin D1 (RvD1), known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, with PNSC spheroids. In vitro analysis confirmed RvD1's anti-inflammatory activity and its inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies involving a rat SCI model demonstrated that combined therapy of RvD1 and PNSC spheroids outperformed monotherapies, exhibiting enhanced neuronal regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects as validated through behavior tests, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Thus, our findings suggest that the combined application of RvD1 and PNSC spheroids may represent a novel therapeutic approach for SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Jeong
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lan Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWon Wee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeYeong Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - GwangYong Hwang
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - SaeYeon Hwang
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - SolLip Yoon
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Yang
- Paik Imje Memorial Institute for Clinical Research, InJe University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Keung-Nyun Kim
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Yu D, Jiang F, Xu W, He P, Chen F, Liu X, Bao X. Declined Serum Resolvin D1 Levels to Predict Severity and Prognosis of Human Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1463-1476. [PMID: 37396872 PMCID: PMC10314781 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s417630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resolvin D1 (RvD1) possesses anti-inflammatory properties and may be neuroprotective. This study was designed to ascertain the potential role of serum RvD1 in the evaluation of aSAH severity and prognosis of human aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods In this prospective observational study, serum RvD1 levels were measured in 123 patients with aSAH and in 123 healthy volunteers. Six-month neurological function was assessed using extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE). A prognostic prediction model was appraised using a series of evaluative tools, such as a nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve, calibration curve, restricted cubic spline, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistics. Results Serum RvD1 levels were markedly lower in patients than in controls (median, 0.54 versus 1.47 ng/mL; P<0.001). Serum RvD1 levels were independently correlated with Hunt-Hess scores (beta, -0.154; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.198--0.109; VIF, 1.769; P=0.001), modified Fisher scores (beta, -0.066; 95% CI, -0.125--0.006; VIF, 1.567; P=0.031) and 6-month GOSE scores (beta, 1.864; 95% CI, 0.759-2.970; VIF, 1.911; P=0.001) and were independently predictive of a poor prognosis (GOSE scores of 1-4) (odds ratio, 0.137; 95% CI, 0.023-0.817; P=0.029). Serum RvD1 levels significantly distinguished the risk of a worse prognosis, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.750 (95% CI, 0.664-0.824). Using the Youden method, serum RvD1 levels < 0.6 ng/mL was effective in predicting worse prognosis with 84.1% sensitivity and 62.0% specificity. Moreover, the model containing serum RvD1 levels, Hunt-Hess scores and modified Fisher scores was efficient, reliable and beneficial in prognostic prediction using a series of the afore-mentioned evaluative tools. Conclusion A decline in serum RvD1 levels following aSAH is closely correlated with illness severity and independently predicts a worse outcome in patients with aSAH, implying that serum RvD1, as a prognostic biomarker of aSAH, may be of clinical value in aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingyou He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, People’s Republic of China
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Li W, Shan H, Ma Y, Lv X, Zhu S. Prognostic significance of serum resolvin D1 levels in patients with acute supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 547:117446. [PMID: 37329942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has anti-inflammatory properties and may be neuroprotective. This study was designed to assess usability of serum RvD1 as a prognostic biomarker after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS In this prospective, observational study of 135 patients and 135 controls, serum RvD1 levels were measured. Its relations to severity, early neurologic deterioration (END) and poststroke 6-month worse outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores of 3-6) were determined via multivariate analysis. Predictive effectiveness was evaluated based on area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Patients had markedly lower serum RvD1 levels than controls (median, 0.69 ng/ml versus 2.15 ng/ml). Serum RvD1 levels were independently correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) [β, -0.036; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.060--0.013; VIF, 2.633; t=-3.025; P=0.003] and hematoma volume (β, -0.019; 95% CI, -0.056--0.009; VIF, 1.688; t=-2.703; P=0.008). Serum RvD1 levels substantially discriminated risks of END and worse outcome with AUCs at 0.762 (95% CI, 0.681-0.831) and 0.783 (95% CI, 0.704-0.850) respectively. A RvD1 cut-off value of 0.85 ng/ml was effective in predicting END with a sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 48.4% and its levels <0.77 ng/ml distinguished patients at risk of worse outcome with a sensitivity of 84.5% and specificity of 63.6%. Under restricted cubic spline, serum RvD1 levels were linearly related to risk of END and worse outcome (both P>0.05). Serum RvD1 levels and NIHSS scores independently predicted END with odds ratio (OR) values of 0.082 (95% CI, 0.010-0.687) and 1.280 (95% CI, 1.084-1.513) respectively. Serum RvD1 levels (OR, 0.075; 95% CI, 0.011-0.521), hematoma volume (OR, 1.084; 95% CI, 1.035-1.135) and NIHSS scores (OR, 1.240; 95% CI, 1.060-1.452) were independently associated with worse outcome. END prediction model containing serum RvD1 levels and NIHSS scores, and prognostic prediction model containing serum RvD1 levels, hematoma volumes and NIHSS scores displayed efficient predictive ability with AUCs at 0.828 (95% CI, 0.754-0.888) and 0.873 (95% CI, 0.805-0.924) respectively. Such two models were visually shown via building two nomograms. Using Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve and decision curve, the models were comparatively stable and had clinical benefit. CONCLUSION There is a dramatical declination of serum RvD1 levels after ICH, which is tightly related to stroke severity and is independently predictive of poor clinical outcome, implying that serum RvD1 may be of clinical significance as a prognostic marker of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yijun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Suijun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Garifulin R, Davleeva M, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Markosyan V, Shevchenko R, Minyazeva I, Minekayev T, Lavrov I, Islamov R. Evaluation of the Autologous Genetically Enriched Leucoconcentrate on the Lumbar Spinal Cord Morpho-Functional Recovery in a Mini Pig with Thoracic Spine Contusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051331. [PMID: 37239001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) can be observed distant, rostral, or caudal to the epicenter of injury. These remote areas represent important therapeutic targets for post-traumatic spinal cord repair. The present study aimed to investigate the following in relation to SCI: distant changes in the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscles. METHODS The changes in the spinal cord, the tibial nerve, and the hind limb muscles were evaluated in control SCI animals and after intravenous infusion of autologous leucoconcentrate enriched with genes encoding neuroprotective factors (VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM), which previously demonstrated a positive effect on post-traumatic restoration. RESULTS Two months after thoracic contusion in the treated mini pigs, a positive remodeling of the macro- and microglial cells, expression of PSD95 and Chat in the lumbar spinal cord, and preservation of the number and morphological characteristics of the myelinated fibers in the tibial nerve were observed and were aligned with hind limb motor recovery and reduced soleus muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION Here, we show the positive effect of autologous genetically enriched leucoconcentrate-producing recombinant neuroprotective factors on targets distant to the primary lesion site in mini pigs with SCI. These findings open new perspectives for the therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil Garifulin
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Davleeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage Markosyan
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Roman Shevchenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Minyazeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tagir Minekayev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Lavrov
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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Xiong W, Wang H, Zhang H, Xing Y, Gao W, Chen L, Chen L, Dai Z. Resolvin D1 attenuates depressive-like behavior in LPS-challenged mice by promoting microglial autophagy. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01234-9. [PMID: 37103692 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been proven that neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation is the pathogenesis of depression associated with sepsis. An endogenous lipid mediator known as resolvin D1 (RvD1) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects in a sepsis model. However, it remains unknown if the effects of RvD1 on inflammatory responses are regulated by microglial autophagy. The current study investigated the role of RvD1-induced microglial autophagy in neuroinflammation. The findings showed that RvD1 reverses LPS-induced autophagy inhibition in microglia. RvD1 treatment significantly inhibits inflammatory responses by preventing NF-κB nuclear translocation and microglial M1 phenotypic transition. RvD1 exhibits an attenuation of neurotoxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models of sepsis. Following RvD1 injection, depressive-like behaviors in SAE mice were significantly improved. Notably, the aforesaid effects of RvD1 were eliminated by 3-MA, demonstrating that microglial autophagy was modulated. In conclusion, our findings shed new light on the involvement of microglial autophagy in SAE and emphasize the potential benefits of RvD1 as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lengfeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to provide an update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective studies and three new meta-analyses suggest that fish or n-3 PUFA intake are associated with a reduction in development of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in those with mild cognitive impairment showed benefit on cognitive decline, whereas there was no benefit in Alzheimer's disease. In cognitively healthy individuals with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD), 3.36 g EPA and DHA daily slowed cognitive ageing by 2.5 years. Of 15 RCTs in cognitively healthy individuals age more than 55 years, seven reported benefit, whereas eight did not. Potential mechanisms for differences in outcomes include dose, trial duration, apolipoproteinE genotype, sex, stage and rate of cognitive decline, cognitive testing employed and individual characteristics. The downstream product of DHA, neuroprotectin D1, may be involved in beneficial effects. SUMMARY Patients with early memory complaints or a family history of dementia and those with CAD should be counselled on the potential benefits of fish intake and supplementation with n-3 PUFA. ApolipoproteinE4 carriers may especially benefit from DHA supplementation prior to development of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Anand S, Azam Ansari M, Kumaraswamy Sukrutha S, Alomary MN, Anwar Khan A, Elderdery AY. Resolvins Lipid Mediators: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer and Parkinson Disease. Neuroscience 2022; 507:139-148. [PMID: 36372297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and resolution are highly programmed processes involving a plethora of immune cells. Lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid metabolism play a pivotal role in orchestrating the signaling cascades in the game of inflammation. The majority of the studies carried out so far on inflammation were aimed at inhibiting the generation of inflammatory molecules, whereas recent research has shifted more towards understanding the resolution of inflammation. Owing to chronic inflammation as evident in neuropathophysiology, the resolution of inflammation together with the class of lipid mediators actively involved in its regulation has attracted the attention of the scientific community as therapeutic targets. Both omega-three polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, orchestrate a vital regulatory role in inflammation development. Resolvins derived from these fatty acids comprise the D-and E-series resolvins. A growing body of evidence using in vitro and in vivo models has revealed the pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory potential of resolvins. This systematic review sheds light on the synthesis, specialized receptors, and resolution of inflammation mediated by resolvins in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sambamurthy Kumaraswamy Sukrutha
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Technology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar Anwar Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Liu C, Fan D, Lei Q, Lu A, He X. Roles of Resolvins in Chronic Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314883. [PMID: 36499209 PMCID: PMC9738788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory response is beneficial to the organism, while an excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response can lead to the nonspecific killing of tissue cells. Therefore, promoting the resolution of inflammation is an important mechanism for protecting an organism suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolvins are a series of endogenous lipid mediums and have the functions of inhibiting a leukocyte infiltration, increasing macrophagocyte phagocytosis, regulating cytokines, and alleviating inflammatory pain. By promoting the inflammation resolution, resolvins play an irreplaceable role throughout the pathological process of some joint inflammation, neuroinflammation, vascular inflammation, and tissue inflammation. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to study different subtypes of resolvins in different directions, the differences in the action targets between the different subtypes are rarely compared. Hence, this paper reviews the generation of resolvins, the characteristics of resolvins, and the actions of resolvins under a chronic inflammatory response and clinical translation of resolvins for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200052, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (X.H.)
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22
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The Role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase and Its Various Metabolites Generated from Multiple Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Substrates in Inflammatory Responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4589191. [PMID: 36199753 PMCID: PMC9527411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4589191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is a member of the lipoxygenase family, which can catalyze a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to produce different metabolites, such as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-HETE, lipoxin (LX), hepoxilin, resolvin, protectin, and maresins. 12/15-LOX and its metabolites take part in inflammatory responses and mediate related signalling pathways, playing an essential role in various inflammatory diseases. So the definition, catalytic substrates, metabolites of 12/15-lipoxygenase, and their roles in inflammatory responses are reviewed in this article.
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23
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Roohbakhsh A, Etemad L, Karimi G. Resolvin D1: A key endogenous inhibitor of neuroinflammation. Biofactors 2022; 48:1005-1026. [PMID: 36176016 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After the initiation of inflammation, a series of processes start to resolve the inflammation. A group of endogenous lipid mediators, namely specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators is at the top list of inflammation resolution. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), is one of the lipid mediators with significant anti-inflammatory properties. It is produced from docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the body. In this article, we aimed to review the most recent findings concerning the pharmacological effects of RvD1 in the central nervous system with a focus on major neurological diseases and dysfunctions. A literature review of the past studies demonstrated that RvD1 plasma level changes during mania, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, RVD1 and its epimer, aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1), have significant therapeutic effects on experimental models of ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, memory dysfunction, pain, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of RvD1 and AT-RvD1 were mostly induced at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations implying the significant potency of these lipid mediators in treating diseases with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137430. [PMID: 35806435 PMCID: PMC9267073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts’ integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice’s hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by “rejuvenating” the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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25
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Radbakhsh S, Katsiki N, Santos RD, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros CS, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on specialized pro-resolving mediators: An additional pathway leading to resolution of inflammation. Metabolism 2022; 132:155211. [PMID: 35533891 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statins are a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as improvement of endothelial function and plaque stabilization have also been proposed as parts of the pleiotropic effects of statins. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are endogenous lipid-derived molecules originating from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid that trigger and modulate the resolution of inflammation. Impaired SPM biosynthesis can lead to excessive or chronic inflammation and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Exogenous administration of SPMs, including lipoxin, maresin, protectin, have been shown to improve both bacterial and viral infections, mainly in preclinical models, thus minimizing inflammation. Statin-triggered-SPM production in several in vitro and in vivo models may represent another anti-inflammatory pathway involving these drugs. This commentary discusses scientific publications on the effects of statins on SPMs and the resolution of inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Western Australia, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Emre C, Arroyo-García LE, Do KV, Jun B, Ohshima M, Alcalde SG, Cothern ML, Maioli S, Nilsson P, Hjorth E, Fisahn A, Bazan NG, Schultzberg M. Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:245. [PMID: 35314851 PMCID: PMC8938447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained microglial activation and increased pro-inflammatory signalling cause chronic inflammation and neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resolution of inflammation follows neutralization of pathogens and is a response to limit damage and promote healing, mediated by pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs). Since resolution is impaired in AD brains, we decided to test if intranasal administration of pro-resolving LMs in the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model for AD could resolve inflammation and ameliorate pathology in the brain. A mixture of the pro-resolving LMs resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, RvD2, maresin 1 (MaR1) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) was administered to stimulate their respective receptors. We examined amyloid load, cognition, neuronal network oscillations, glial activation and inflammatory factors. The treatment ameliorated memory deficits accompanied by a restoration of gamma oscillation deficits, together with a dramatic decrease in microglial activation. These findings open potential avenues for therapeutic exploration of pro-resolving LMs in AD, using a non-invasive route. Intranasal administration of pro-resolving lipid mediators improves memory deficits and reduce microglial activation in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Emre
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Luis E Arroyo-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khanh V Do
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam.,PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11313, Vietnam
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Makiko Ohshima
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Gómez Alcalde
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Megan L Cothern
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Visintin R, Ray SK. Specific microRNAs for Modulation of Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020247. [PMID: 35204010 PMCID: PMC8870708 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently a major challenge, with a severe lack of effective therapies for yielding meaningful improvements in function. Therefore, there is a great opportunity for the development of novel treatment strategies for SCI. The modulation of autophagy, a process by which a cell degrades and recycles unnecessary or harmful components (protein aggregates, organelles, etc.) to maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to a changing microenvironment, is thought to have potential for treating many neurodegenerative conditions, including SCI. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short ribonucleotide transcripts for targeting of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for silencing, shows prevention of the translation of mRNAs to the corresponding proteins affecting various cellular processes, including autophagy. The number of known miRNAs and their targets continues to grow rapidly. This review article aims to explore the relationship between autophagy and SCI, specifically with the intent of identifying specific miRNAs that can be useful to modulate autophagy for neuroprotection and the improvement of functional recovery in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett Visintin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-216-3420; Fax: +1-803-216-3428
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28
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Oh H, Cho W, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Resolvin D3 Improves the Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through AMPK/Autophagy-Associated Attenuation of ER Stress. SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4149178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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29
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Nelson B, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Thompson A, Yung AR, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Cotter D, Amminger GP. The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:147-156. [PMID: 34624483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample. In addition, a mediation analysis was performed to examine whether previously reported associations between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes were mediated via plasma immune markers. Clinical outcomes for CHR participants in the NEURAPRO clinical trial were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Schedule for the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scales. The erythrocyte omega-3 index [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers were quantified at baseline (n = 268) and 6 month follow-up (n = 146) by gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. In linear regression models, the baseline plasma concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-15, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were negatively associated with baseline omega-3 index. In addition, 6-month change in IL-12p40 and TNF-α showed a negative association with change in omega-3 index. In longitudinal analyses, the baseline and 6 month change in omega-3 index was negatively associated with VCAM-1 and TNF-α respectively at follow-up. Mediation analyses provided little evidence for mediating effects of plasma immune markers on the relationship between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes (psychotic symptoms and functioning) in CHR participants. Our results indicate a predominantly anti-inflammatory relationship of omega-3 FAs on plasma inflammatory status in CHR individuals, but this did not appear to convey clinical benefits at 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Both immune and non-immune biological effects of omega-3 FAs would be resourceful in understanding the clinical benefits of omega-3 FAs in CHR papulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Bokobza C, Joshi P, Schang AL, Csaba Z, Faivre V, Montané A, Galland A, Benmamar-Badel A, Bosher E, Lebon S, Schwendimann L, Mani S, Dournaud P, Besson V, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Van Steenwinckel J. miR-146b Protects the Perinatal Brain against Microglia-Induced Hypomyelination. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:48-65. [PMID: 34741343 PMCID: PMC9298799 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In the premature newborn, perinatal inflammation mediated by microglia contributes significantly to neurodevelopmental injuries including white matter injury (WMI). Brain inflammation alters development through neuroinflammatory processes mediated by activation of homeostatic microglia toward a pro‐inflammatory and neurotoxic phenotype. Investigating immune regulators of microglial activation is crucial to find effective strategies to prevent and treat WMI. Methods Ex vivo microglial cultures and a mouse model of WMI induced by perinatal inflammation (interleukin‐1‐beta [IL‐1β] and postnatal days 1–5) were used to uncover and elucidate the role of microRNA‐146b‐5p in microglial activation and WMI. Results A specific reduction in vivo in microglia of Dicer, a protein required for microRNAs maturation, reduces pro‐inflammatory activation of microglia and prevents hypomyelination in our model of WMI. Microglial miRNome analysis in the WMI model identified miRNA‐146b‐5p as a candidate modulator of microglial activation. Ex vivo microglial cell culture treated with the pro‐inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to overexpression of immunomodulatory miRNA‐146b‐5p but its drastic reduction in the microglial extracellular vesicles (EVs). To increase miRNA‐146b‐5p expression, we used a 3DNA nanocarrier to deliver synthetic miRNA‐146b‐5p specifically to microglia. Enhancing microglial miRNA‐146b‐5p overexpression significantly decreased LPS‐induced activation, downregulated IRAK1, and restored miRNA‐146b‐5p levels in EVs. In our WMI model, 3DNA miRNA‐146b‐5p treatment significantly prevented microglial activation, hypomyelination, and cognitive defect induced by perinatal inflammation. Interpretations These findings support that miRNA‐146b‐5p is a major regulator of microglia phenotype and could be targeted to reduce the incidence and the severity of perinatal brain injuries and their long‐term consequences. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:48–65
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bokobza
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Faivre
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Montané
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anne Galland
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Lebon
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Shyamala Mani
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,Curadev Pharma, Pvt. Ltd, Noida, India
| | | | - Valerie Besson
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR-S1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Paris, France
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Shati AA, El-Kott AF, Alkhateeb MA. Resolvin D1 prevents cadmium chloride-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats by activation/upregulation of PTEN-induced suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:275-290. [PMID: 34570918 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of resolvin D1 (RVD1) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss in rats and investigated if such protection is mediated by modulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 18/group) were divided as control, control + RVD1, CdCl2 , CdCl2 + RVD1 and CdCl2 + RVD1 + bpV(pic), a PTEN inhibitor. All treatments were conducted for 4 weeks. Resolvin D1 improved the memory function as measured by Morris water maze (MWM), preserved the structure of CA1 area of the hippocampus, and increased hippocampal levels of RVD1 in the CdCl2 -treated rats. Resolvin D1 also suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukine-6 (IL-6), inhibited nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, stimulated levels of glutathione (GSH), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and Bcl2 but reduced the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 in hippocampi of CdCl2 -treated rats. Concomitantly, it stimulated levels and activity of PTEN and reduced the phosphorylation (activation) of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in hippocampi of CdCl2 -treated rats. In conclusion, RVD1 attenuates CdCl2 -induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats mainly by activating PTEN-induced suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, an effect that seems secondary to its' anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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33
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Leuti A, Fava M, Pellegrini N, Maccarrone M. Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717993. [PMID: 34456731 PMCID: PMC8385637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and neuroinflammation are critical mechanisms in the generation of neuropathic pain that is experienced in several chronic diseases. The aberrant inflammation that triggers this pathophysiologic process can be tracked down to an exacerbated immune response, which establishes a vicious cycle and continuously recruits inflammatory cells by inducing chronic tissue damage. Recently, impairment of the cellular and molecular machinery orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)-i.e., endogenous lipids termed resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins that confine the inflammatory cascades in space and time during the "resolution of inflammation"-has emerged as a crucial event in the derangement of the inflammatory homeostasis and the onset of chronic inflammation and pain. Indeed, a deviant inflammatory response that is not adequately controlled by the resolution network leads to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids that, opposite to SPMs, lead to neuropathic pain. Interestingly, in the last two decades convincing evidence has demonstrated that SPMs antagonize the in vivo activity of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and, overall, exert potent anti-hyperalgesic effects in a number of pain-associated paradigms of disease, such as arthritis and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, as well as in many experimental models of pain like mechanical allodynia, chemical pain, heat hypersensitivity and phase 1 and 2 inflammatory pain. Of note, accumulated evidence supports a synergy between SPMs and other signalling pathways, such as those mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and those triggered by opioid receptors, suggesting that the cascade of events where inflammation and pain perception take part might be ways more intricated than originally expected. Here, we aim at presenting a state-of-the-art view of SPMs, their metabolism and signalling, in the context of cellular and molecular pathways associated to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Fava
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Niccolò Pellegrini
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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34
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Sun Q, Yan H, Chen F, Jiang F, Chen W, Li D, Guo Y. Restoration of Proresolution Pathway with Exogenous Resolvin D1 Prevents Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Decline by Attenuating Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720249. [PMID: 34366871 PMCID: PMC8343131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane (SEV), a commonly used volatile anesthetic, has been shown to cause cognitive decline in diabetic rats by aggregating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation could be a consequence of failure to resolve inflammation by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including resolvin D1 (RvD1). Here we first examined whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) alters RvD1 proresolution pathway. Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and non-diabetic Wistar rats received control or 2.6% SEV exposure for 4 h. Seven days after exposure, GK control rats, compared with Wistar control rats, had significantly lower RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and decreased RvD1 receptor FPR2 expression in the hippocampus. SEV increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in Wistar rats but not in GK rats. We next examined whether RvD1 treatment of GK rats can prevent SEV-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. GK rats received control, SEV or SEV and once-daily treatment with exogenous RvD1 (0.2 ug/kg, ip) for 7 days. RvD1 administration markedly increased RvD1 levels in plasma and CSF and FPR2 expression in the hippocampus in GK rats received SEV. Compared with GK control rats, GK rats received SEV exhibited shorter freezing times in trace fear conditioning task, which was accompanied by increased microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus. RvD1 administration attenuated SEV-induced increases in microglia activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus, preventing cognitive decline in GK rats. Notably, neither SEV nor RvD1 altered metabolic parameters in GK rats. The results suggest that RvD1 proresolution pathway is impaired in the brain of diabetic GK rats. which may enhance the susceptibility to SEV, contributing to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Restoration of RvD1 proresolution pathway in diabetic GK rats with exogenous RvD1 can prevent SEV-induced cognitive decline by attenuating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongdan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Falong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongmin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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35
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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36
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Basak S, Mallick R, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Maternal Supply of Both Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Is Required for Optimal Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2021; 13:2061. [PMID: 34208549 PMCID: PMC8234848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, both docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) are preferentially deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. Although the structural and functional roles of DHA in brain development are well investigated, similar roles of ARA are not well documented. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-functional roles and their levels in the gene expression and signaling pathways of the brain have been continuously emanating. In addition to DHA, the importance of ARA has been much discussed in recent years for fetal and postnatal brain development and the maternal supply of ARA and DHA. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanistic cross talks are not clearly known yet. This review describes the importance of ARA, in addition to DHA, in supporting the optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500 007, India;
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India; (A.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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37
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Mastromarino M, Lacivita E, Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M. G-Protein Coupled Receptors Involved in the Resolution of Inflammation: Ligands and Therapeutic Perspectives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2090-2103. [PMID: 32682373 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200719014433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states, including neurodegenerative disorders. The recent concept of "resolution of inflammation" is offering a conceptual change for the diagnosis and the development of new therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation terminates the inflammatory response promoting the return to tissue homeostasis through the action of several classes of mediators, termed specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), that include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. SPMs provide "stop signals" that reduce the number of immune cells at the site of insult and increase the clearance of apoptotic cells through phagocytosis. SPMs elicit their effects through the interaction with specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The elucidation of the pathways downstream of the GPCRs involved in the resolution of chronic inflammation is opening novel opportunities to generate novel anti-inflammatory agents. This review focuses on the SPMs and the receptors through which their effects are mediated. The medicinal chemistry of the modulators of the GPCRs involved in the resolution of inflammation will be illustrated, by highlighting the potential for developing new antiinflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Mastromarino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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38
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Derada Troletti C, Enzmann G, Chiurchiù V, Kamermans A, Tietz SM, Norris PC, Jahromi NH, Leuti A, van der Pol SMA, Schouten M, Serhan CN, de Vries HE, Engelhardt B, Kooij G. Pro-resolving lipid mediator lipoxin A 4 attenuates neuro-inflammation by modulating T cell responses and modifies the spinal cord lipidome. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109201. [PMID: 34077725 PMCID: PMC8491454 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic neuro-inflammatory character of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that the natural process to resolve inflammation is impaired. This protective process is orchestrated by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), but to date, the role of SPMs in MS remains largely unknown. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that treatment with the SPM lipoxin A4 (LXA4) ameliorates clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and inhibits CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, we show that LXA4 potently reduces encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 effector functions, both in vivo and in isolated human T cells from healthy donors and patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Finally, we demonstrate that LXA4 affects the spinal cord lipidome by significantly reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators during EAE. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insight into LXA4-mediated amelioration of neuro-inflammation and highlight the potential clinical application of LXA4 for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Derada Troletti
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul C Norris
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn Schouten
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gijs Kooij
- MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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39
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David S, López-Vales R. Bioactive Lipid Mediators in the Initiation and Resolution of Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 466:273-297. [PMID: 33951502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of the response to CNS trauma. It is also an important hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases in which inflammation contributes to the progression of pathology. Inflammation in the CNS can contribute to secondary damage and is therefore an excellent therapeutic target for a range of neurological conditions. Inflammation in the nervous system is complex and varies in its fine details in different conditions. It involves a wide variety of secreted factors such as chemokines and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and different cell types that include resident cell of the CNS, as well as immune cells recruited from the peripheral circulation. Added to this complexity is the fact that some aspects of inflammation are beneficial, while other aspects can induce secondary damage in the acute, subacute and chronic phases. Understanding these aspects of the inflammatory profile is essential for developing effective therapies. Bioactive lipids constitute a large group of molecules that modulate the initiation and the resolution of inflammation. Dysregulation of these bioactive lipid pathways can lead to excessive acute inflammation, and failure to resolve this by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators can lead to the development of chronic inflammation. The focus of this review is to discuss the effects of bioactive lipids in spinal cord trauma and their potential for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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40
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Catale C, Bisicchia E, Carola V, Viscomi MT. Early life stress exposure worsens adult remote microglia activation, neuronal death, and functional recovery after focal brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:89-103. [PMID: 33677027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) is a devastating condition resulting in severe functional impairments that strongly vary among patients. Patients' features, such as age, social and cultural environment, and pre-existing psychiatric conditions may be particularly relevant for determining prognosis after CNS trauma. Although several studies demonstrated the impact of adult psycho-social stress exposure on functional recovery after CNS damage, no data exist regarding the long-term effects of the exposure to such experience at an early age. Here, we assessed whether early life stress (ELS) hampers the neuroinflammatory milieuand the functional recovery after focal brain injury in adulthood by using a murine model of ELS exposure combined with hemicerebellectomy (HCb), a model of remote damage. We found that ELS permanently altered microglia responses such that, once experienced HCb, they produced an exaggerated remote inflammatory response - consistent with a primed phenotype - associated with increased cell death and worse functional recovery. Notably, prevention of microglia/macrophages activation by GW2580 treatment during ELS exposure significantly reduced microglia responses, cell death and improved functional recovery. Conversely, GW2580 treatment administered in adulthood after HCb was ineffective in reducing inflammation and cell death or improving functional recovery. Our findings highlight that ELS impacts the immune system maturation producing permanent changes, and that it is a relevant factor modulating the response to a CNS damage. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the interaction between ELS and brain injury with the aim of developing targeted treatments to improve functional recovery after CNS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Catale
- Department of Psychology, Ph.D. Program in "Behavioral Neuroscience", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Carola
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, University "Cattolica Del S. Cuore", Rome, Italy.
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41
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Tiberi M, Chiurchiù V. Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators and Glial Cells: Emerging Candidates for Brain Homeostasis and Repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:673549. [PMID: 33981203 PMCID: PMC8107215 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.673549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are known to play critical roles in the central nervous system development, homeostasis and response to injury. In addition to their well-defined functions in synaptic signaling, blood-brain barrier control and myelination, it is now becoming clear that both glial cells also actively produce a wide range of immune-regulatory factors and engage in an intricate communication with neurons, microglia or with infiltrated immune cells, thus taking a center stage in both inflammation and resolution processes occurring within the brain. Resolution of inflammation is operated by the superfamily of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), that include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins, and that altogether activate a series of cellular and molecular events that lead to spontaneous regression of inflammatory processes and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review the manifold effects of SPMs on modulation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, along with the mechanisms through which they either inhibit inflammatory pathways or induce the activation of protective ones. Furthermore, the possible role of SPMs in modulating the cross-talk between microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes is also summarized. This SPM-mediated mechanism uncovers novel pathways of immune regulation in the brain that could be further exploited to control neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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42
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Wickstead ES, Irving MA, Getting SJ, McArthur S. Exploiting formyl peptide receptor 2 to promote microglial resolution: a new approach to Alzheimer's disease treatment. FEBS J 2021; 289:1801-1822. [PMID: 33811735 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and dementia are among the most significant current healthcare challenges given the rapidly growing elderly population, and the almost total lack of effective therapeutic interventions. Alzheimer's disease pathology has long been considered in terms of accumulation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau, but the importance of neuroinflammation in driving disease has taken greater precedence over the last 15-20 years. Inflammatory activation of the primary brain immune cells, the microglia, has been implicated in Alzheimer's pathogenesis through genetic, preclinical, imaging and postmortem human studies, and strategies to regulate microglial activity may hold great promise for disease modification. Neuroinflammation is necessary for defence of the brain against pathogen invasion or damage but is normally self-limiting due to the engagement of endogenous pro-resolving circuitry that terminates inflammatory activity, a process that appears to fail in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we discuss the potential for a major regulator and promoter of resolution, the receptor FPR2, to restrain pro-inflammatory microglial activity, and propose that it may serve as a valuable target for therapeutic investigation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murray A Irving
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
| | - Stephen J Getting
- College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
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43
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Specialized, pro-resolving mediators as potential therapeutic agents for alleviating fibromyalgia symptomatology. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:977-990. [PMID: 33565588 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a hypothesis on a novel strategy in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN A narrative review. SETTING FM as a disease remains a challenging concept for numerous reasons, including undefined etiopathogenesis, unclear triggers and unsuccessful treatment modalities. We hypothesize that the inflammatome, the entire set of molecules involved in inflammation, acting as a common pathophysiological instrument of gut dysbiosis, sarcopenia, and neuroinflammation, is one of the major mechanisms underlying FM pathogenesis. In this setup, dysbiosis is proposed as the primary trigger of the inflammatome, sarcopenia as the peripheral nociceptive source, and neuroinflammation as the central mechanism of pain sensitization, transmission and symptomatology of FM. Whereas neuroinflammation is highly-considered as a critical deleterious element in FM pathogenesis, the presumed pathogenic roles of sarcopenia and systemic inflammation remain controversial. Nevertheless, sarcopenia-associated processes and dysbiosis have been recently detected in FM individuals. The prevalence of pro-inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood has been repeatedly observed in FM individuals, supporting an idea on the role of inflammatome in FM pathogenesis. As such, failed inflammation resolution might be one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In accordance, the application of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) seems most suitable for this goal. CONCLUSIONS The capability of various SPMs to prevent and attenuate pain has been repeatedly demonstrated in laboratory animal experiments. Since SPMs suppress inflammation in a manner that does not compromise host defense, they could be attractive and safe candidates for the alleviation of FM symptomatology, probably in combination with anti-dysbiotic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Fishbein A, Hammock BD, Serhan CN, Panigrahy D. Carcinogenesis: Failure of resolution of inflammation? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107670. [PMID: 32891711 PMCID: PMC7470770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer and is recognized as a key characteristic of carcinogens. However, the failure of resolution of inflammation in cancer is only recently being understood. Products of arachidonic acid and related fatty acid metabolism called eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosanoids, critically regulate inflammation, as well as its resolution. The resolution of inflammation is now appreciated to be an active biochemical process regulated by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators which combat infections and stimulate tissue repair/regeneration. Environmental and chemical human carcinogens, including aflatoxins, asbestos, nitrosamines, alcohol, and tobacco, induce tumor-promoting inflammation and can disrupt the resolution of inflammation contributing to a devastating global cancer burden. While mechanisms of carcinogenesis have focused on genotoxic activity to induce mutations, nongenotoxic mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress promote genotoxicity, proliferation, and mutations. Moreover, carcinogens initiate oxidative stress to synergize with inflammation and DNA damage to fuel a vicious feedback loop of cell death, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, stimulation of resolution of inflammation may prevent carcinogenesis by clearance of cellular debris via macrophage phagocytosis and inhibition of an eicosanoid/cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory mediators. Controlling the host inflammatory response and its resolution in carcinogen-induced cancers will be critical to reducing carcinogen-induced morbidity and mortality. Here we review the recent evidence that stimulation of resolution of inflammation, including pro-resolution lipid mediators and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors, may be a new chemopreventive approach to prevent carcinogen-induced cancer that should be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fishbein
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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45
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Liu GJ, Tao T, Zhang XS, Lu Y, Wu LY, Gao YY, Wang H, Dai HB, Zhou Y, Zhuang Z, Hang CH, Li W. Resolvin D1 Attenuates Innate Immune Reactions in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1963-1977. [PMID: 33411245 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive inflammation is a major cause contributing to early brain injury (EBI) and is associated with negative or catastrophic outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Resolvin D1 (RvD1) exerts strong anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects on either acute or chronic inflammation of various origin. Henceforth, we hypothesized that RvD1 potentially attenuates excessive inflammation in EBI following SAH. Therefore, we generated a filament perforation SAH model and administered 3 different doses (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 nmol) of RvD1 after experimental SAH. Neurological scores, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier integrity were evaluated; besides, neutrophil infiltration, neuronal deaths, and microglial pro-inflammatory polarization were observed using histopathology or immunofluorescence staining, western blots, and qPCR. After confirming the effectiveness of RvD1 in SAH, we administered the FPR2-specific antagonist Trp-Arg-Trp-Trp-Trp-Trp-NH2 (WRW4) 30 min before SAH establishment to observe whether this compound could abolish the anti-inflammatory effect of RvD1. Altogether, our results showed that RvD1 exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect and markedly reduced neutrophil infiltration and microglial pro-inflammatory activation, leading to remarkable improvements in neurological function and brain tissue restoration. After addition of WRW4, the anti-inflammatory effects of RvD1 were abolished. These results indicated that RvD1 could exert a good anti-inflammatory effect and alleviate EBI, which suggested that RvD1 might be a novel therapeutic alternative for SAH-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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46
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Poblete RA, Arenas M, Sanossian N, Freeman WD, Louie SG. The role of bioactive lipids in attenuating the neuroinflammatory cascade in traumatic brain injury. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7732250 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Despite this, there are no proven medical therapies in the pharmacologic management of TBI. A better understanding of disease pathophysiology might lead to novel approaches. In one area of increasing interest, bioactive lipids known to attenuate inflammation might serve as an important biomarker and mediator of disease after TBI. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of inflammation following TBI, the actions of endogenous bioactive lipids in attenuating neuroinflammation, and their possible therapeutic role in the management of TBI. In particular, specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) of inflammation represent endogenous compounds that might serve as important biomarkers of disease and potential therapeutic targets. We aim to discuss the current literature from animal models of TBI and limited human experiences that suggest that bioactive lipids and SPMs are mechanistically important to TBI recovery, and by doing so, aim to highlight the need for further clinical and translational research. Early investigations of dietary and parenteral supplementation of pro‐resolving bioactive lipids have been promising. Given the high morbidity and mortality that occurs with TBI, novel approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Poblete
- Department of Neurology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Los Angeles CaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcela Arenas
- Department of Neurology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Los Angeles CaliforniaUSA
| | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of Neurology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Los Angeles CaliforniaUSA
| | - William D. Freeman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic Florida 4500 San Pablo Road Jacksonville Florida32224USA
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CaliforniaUSA
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47
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Khasabova IA, Golovko MY, Golovko SA, Simone DA, Khasabov SG. Intrathecal administration of Resolvin D1 and E1 decreases hyperalgesia in mice with bone cancer pain: Involvement of endocannabinoid signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 151:106479. [PMID: 32745525 PMCID: PMC7669692 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pain produced by bone cancer is often severe and difficult to treat. Here we examined effects of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) or E1 (RvE1), antinociceptive products of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on cancer-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Experiments were performed using a mouse model of bone cancer produced by implantation of osteolytic ficrosarcoma into and around the calcaneus bone. Mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in the tumor-bearing paw were assessed by measuring withdrawal responses to a von Frey monofilament and to radiant heat applied on the plantar hind paw. RvD1, RvE1, and cannabinoid receptor antagonists were injected intrathecally. Spinal content of endocannabinoids was evaluated using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. RvD1 and RvE1 had similar antinociceptive potencies. ED50s for RvD1 and RvE1 in reducing mechanical allodynia were 0.2 pg (0.53 fmol) and 0.6 pg (1.71 fmol), respectively, and were 0.3 pg (0.8 fmol) and 0.2 pg (0.57 fmol) for reducing heat hyperalgesia. Comparisons of dose-response relationships showed equal efficacy for reducing mechanical allodynia, however, efficacy for reducing heat hyperalgesia was greater for of RvD1. Using UPLC-MS/MS we determined that RvD1, but not RvE1, increased levels of the endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in the spinal cord. Importantly, Resolvins did not alter acute nociception or motor function in naïve mice. Our data indicate, that RvD1 and RvE1 produce potent antiallodynia and antihyperalgesia in a model of bone cancer pain. RvD1 also triggers spinal upregulation of endocannabinoids that produce additional antinociception predominantly through CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna A Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Svetlana A Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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48
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Cioccari L, Luethi N, Masoodi M. Lipid Mediators in Critically Ill Patients: A Step Towards Precision Medicine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599853. [PMID: 33324417 PMCID: PMC7724037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated response to systemic inflammation is a common pathophysiological feature of most conditions encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent evidence indicates that a dysregulated inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of various ICU-related disorders associated with high mortality, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral and myocardial ischemia, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, persistent or non-resolving inflammation may lead to the syndrome of persistent critical illness, characterized by acquired immunosuppression, catabolism and poor long-term functional outcomes. Despite decades of research, management of many disorders in the ICU is mostly supportive, and current therapeutic strategies often do not take into account the heterogeneity of the patient population, underlying chronic conditions, nor the individual state of the immune response. Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators are recognized as key players in the generation and resolution of inflammation, and their signature provides specific information on patients' inflammatory status and immune response. Lipidomics is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to assess lipid metabolism and the interaction between metabolic changes and the immune system via profiling lipid mediators in clinical studies. Within the concept of precision medicine, understanding and characterizing the individual immune response may allow for better stratification of critically ill patients as well as identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of fatty acid-derived lipid mediators as endogenous regulators of the inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving response and future directions for use of clinical lipidomics to identify lipid mediators as diagnostic and prognostic markers in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cioccari
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Nora Luethi
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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49
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Harms AS, Kordower JH, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sulzer D, Mach RH. Inflammation in Experimental Models of α-Synucleinopathies. Mov Disord 2020; 36:37-49. [PMID: 33009855 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has long been associated with central nervous system pathology in α-synucleinopathy disorders including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. In the past decade, research-focused efforts in preclinical and experimental models have rallied around this idea, and considerable effort has been made to delineate critical neuroinflammatory processes. In this article, we discuss challenges in preclinical research, notably the use of animal models to recapitulate and dissect disease phenotypes as well as the need for more sensitive, reliable radiotracers to detect on-target efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments in both human Parkinson's disease as well as preclinical models. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Harms
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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50
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Resolvin D3 Promotes Inflammatory Resolution, Neuroprotection, and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:424-438. [PMID: 32964315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins, a new family from the endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), promote the resolution of the inflammatory response. Resolvin D3 (RvD3), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) product, has been known to suppress the inflammatory response. However, the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of RvD3 are not known in a model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of RvD3 in a mouse model of SCI. Processes associated with anti-inflammation and angiogenesis were studied in RAW 264.7 cells and the human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3, respectively. Additionally, female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to moderate compression SCI (20-g weight compression for 1 min) followed by intrathecal injection of vehicle or RvD3 (1 μg/20 μL) at 1 h post-SCI. RvD3 decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells and promoted an angiogenic effect in the hCMEC/D3 cell line. Treatment with RvD3 improved locomotor recovery and reduced thermal hyperalgesia in SCI mice compared with vehicle treatment at 14 days post-SCI. Remarkably, RvD3-treated mice exhibited reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL6, IL1β) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3). Also, RvD3-treated mice exhibited increased expression of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed a decreased level of gliosis (GFAP, Iba-1) and neuroinflammation (CD68, TGF-β) and enhanced neuroprotection. These data provide evidence that intrathecal injection of RvD3 represents a promising therapeutic strategy to promote inflammatory resolution, neuroprotection, and neurological functional recovery following SCI.
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