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Li R, Yi Q, Wang J, Miao Y, Chen Q, Xu Y, Tao M. Paeonol promotes longevity and fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans through activating the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116368. [PMID: 38471269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Paeonol, as one of the most abundant plant-derived polyphenols, has multiple bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the anti-aging effects and related mechanisms of paeonol are rarely reported. In this study, we found that paeonol significantly prolonged the mean lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) by 28.49% at a dose of 200 μM. Moreover, paeonol promoted the health of C. elegans by increasing the body bending and pharyngeal pumping rates and reducing the lipofuscin accumulation level. Meanwhile, paeonol induced the expression of stress-related genes or proteins by activating the transcription factors DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1/Nrf2, and HSF-1, which in turn enhanced oxidative and thermal stress tolerance. The mechanism behind the anti-aging effect of paeonol occurred by down-regulating the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Our findings shed new light on the application of paeonol for longevity promotion and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Yi
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Miao
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchan Chen
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Bioengineering/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Specialty Flowers Biological Breeding, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Detection Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Kim HR, Ingram JL, Que LG. Effects of Oxidative Stress on Airway Epithelium Permeability in Asthma and Potential Implications for Patients with Comorbid Obesity. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:481-499. [PMID: 37181453 PMCID: PMC10171222 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s402340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
20 million adults and 4.2 million children in the United States have asthma, a disease resulting in inflammation and airway obstruction in response to various factors, including allergens and pollutants and nonallergic triggers. Obesity, another highly prevalent disease in the US, is a major risk factor for asthma and a significant cause of oxidative stress throughout the body. People with asthma and comorbid obesity are susceptible to developing severe asthma that cannot be sufficiently controlled with current treatments. More research is needed to understand how asthma pathobiology is affected when the patient has comorbid obesity. Because the airway epithelium directly interacts with the outside environment and interacts closely with the immune system, understanding how the airway epithelium of patients with asthma and comorbid obesity is altered compared to that of lean asthma patients will be crucial for developing more effective treatments. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress plays a role in two chronic inflammatory diseases, obesity and asthma, and propose a mechanism for how these conditions may compromise the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein R Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ingram
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Loretta G Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharide Prolongs Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052235. [PMID: 36903481 PMCID: PMC10005289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum coll.et hemsl., Polygonatum sibiricum Red. or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and has a long history of medication. Raw Polygonati Rhizoma (RPR) numbs the tongue and stings the throat, while prepared Polygonati Rhizoma (PPR) can remove the numbness of the tongue, and at the same time enhance its functions of invigorating the spleen, moistening the lungs and tonifying the kidneys. There are many active ingredients in Polygonati Rhizoma (PR), among which polysaccharide is one of the most important active ingredients. Therefore, we studied the effect of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide (PRP) on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and found that polysaccharide in PPR (PPRP) was more effective than Polysaccharide in RPR (RPRP) in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans, reducing the accumulation of lipofuscin, and increasing the frequency of pharyngeal pumping and movement. The further mechanism study found that PRP can improve the anti-oxidative stress ability of C. elegans, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans, and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results of quantitative real-time PCR(q-PCR) experiments suggested that PRP may prolong the lifespan of C. elegans by down-regulating daf-2 and activating daf-16 and sod-3, and the transgenic nematode experiments were consistent with its results, so it was hypothesized that the mechanism of age delaying effect of PRP was related to daf-2, daf-16 and sod-3 of the insulin signaling pathway. In short, our research results provide a new idea for the application and development of PRP.
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Naryzhnaya NV, Koshelskaya OA, Kologrivova IV, Suslova TE, Kharitonova OA, Andreev SL, Gorbunov AS, Kurbatov BK, Boshchenko AA. Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Epicardial Adipocytes Is Associated with an Increase in Postprandial Glycemia, Postprandial Insulin, and a Decrease in Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082054. [PMID: 36009601 PMCID: PMC9405686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This work investigates the relations between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) adipocytes and parameters of glucose/insulin metabolism, circulating adipokines levels, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); establishing significant determinants describing changes in ROS EAT in this category of patients. Material and methods. This study included 19 patients (14 men and 5 women, 53−72 y.o., 6 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2; 5 patients with prediabetes), with CAD, who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. EAT adipocytes were isolated by the enzymatic method from intraoperative explants obtained during coronary artery bypass grafting. The size of EAT adipocytes and ROS level were determined. Results. The production of ROS by EAT adipocytes demonstrated a direct correlation with the level of postprandial glycemia (rs = 0.62, p < 0.05), and an inverse correlation with serum adiponectin (rs = −0.50, p = 0.026), but not with general and abdominal obesity, EAT thickness, and dyslipidemia. Regression analysis demonstrated that the increase in ROS of EAT adipocytes occurs due to the interaction of the following factors: postprandial glycemia (β = 0.95), postprandial insulin (β = 0.24), and reduced serum adiponectin (β = −0.20). EAT adipocytes in patients with diabetes and prediabetes manifested higher ROS production than in patients with normoglycemia. Although there was no correlation between the production of ROS by EAT adipocytes and Gensini score in the total group of patients, higher rates of oxidative stress were observed in EAT adipocytes from patients with a Gensini score greater than median Gensini score values (≥70.55 points, Gr.B), compared to patients with less severe coronary atherosclerosis (<70.55 points, Gr.A). Of note, the frequency of patients with diabetes and prediabetes was higher among the patients with the most severe coronary atherosclerosis (Gr.B) than in the Gr.A. Conclusions. Our data have demonstrated for the first time that systemic impairments of glucose/insulin metabolism and a decrease in serum adiponectin are significant independent determinants of oxidative stress intensity in EAT adipocytes in patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis. The possible input of the interplay between oxidative stress in EAT adipocytes and metabolic disturbances to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis requires further investigation.
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Meister BM, Hong SG, Shin J, Rath M, Sayoc J, Park JY. Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:37-50. [PMID: 35283364 PMCID: PMC8987461 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is associated with capillary and mitochondrial derangement, resulting in deposition of immune cells (M1-stage macrophages) and excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of these dysfunctional adipose tissues has been linked to the development of obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of human mortality and morbidity in modern society. Mechanistically, vascular rarefaction and mitochondrial incompetency (for example, low mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, defective mitochondrial respiratory function, and excess production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species) are frequently observed in adipose tissue of obese patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise is a potent behavioral intervention for preventing and reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, our understanding of potential cellular mechanisms of exercise, which promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, is at the beginning stage. In this review, we hypothesize that exercise can induce unique physiological stimuli that can alter angiogenesis and mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissues and ultimately promote the development and progression of healthy adipogenesis. We summarize recent reports on how regular exercise can impose differential processes that lead to the formation of either healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue and discuss key knowledge gaps that warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Meister
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Soon-Gook Hong
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junchul Shin
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan Rath
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sayoc
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gautheron J, Lima L, Akinci B, Zammouri J, Auclair M, Ucar SK, Ozen S, Altay C, Bax BE, Nemazanyy I, Lenoir V, Prip-Buus C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Lascols O, Fève B, Vigouroux C, Noel E, Jéru I. Loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity disrupts adipocyte differentiation and induces insulin-resistant lipoatrophic diabetes. BMC Med 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35341481 PMCID: PMC8958798 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), encoded by the TYMP gene, is a cytosolic enzyme essential for the nucleotide salvage pathway. TP catalyzes the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides, thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine, to thymine and uracil. Biallelic TYMP variants are responsible for Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in most patients by gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, ultimately leading to death. Studies on the impact of TYMP variants in cellular systems with relevance to the organs affected in MNGIE are still scarce and the role of TP in adipose tissue remains unexplored. METHODS Deep phenotyping was performed in three patients from two families carrying homozygous TYMP variants and presenting with lipoatrophic diabetes. The impact of the loss of TP expression was evaluated using a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP knockout (KO) strategy in human adipose stem cells (ASC), which can be differentiated into adipocytes in vitro. Protein expression profiles and cellular characteristics were investigated in this KO model. RESULTS All patients had TYMP loss-of-function variants and first presented with generalized loss of adipose tissue and insulin-resistant diabetes. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated TP KO in ASC abolished adipocyte differentiation and decreased insulin response, consistent with the patients' phenotype. This KO also induced major oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial functions, and promoted cellular senescence. This translational study identifies a new role of TP by demonstrating its key regulatory functions in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The implication of TP variants in atypical forms of monogenic diabetes shows that genetic diagnosis of lipodystrophic syndromes should include TYMP analysis. The fact that TP is crucial for adipocyte differentiation and function through the control of mitochondrial homeostasis highlights the importance of mitochondria in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France.
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lara Lima
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Baris Akinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jamila Zammouri
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sema Kalkan Ucar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samim Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Altay
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bridget E Bax
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Inserm, US24/CNRS UMS 3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Hospices Civils, UM Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge, CHU de Lyon, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Esther Noel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, 27 rue Chaligny 75571, 12, Paris Cedex, France.
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière - Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France.
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Elkhedir A, Iqbal A, Albahi A, Tao M, Rong L, Xu X. Capsaicinoid-Glucosides of Fresh Hot Pepper Promotes Stress Resistance and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:30-36. [PMID: 35119578 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, capsaicin-glucoside and dihydro-capsaicin-glucoside derived from fresh hot-red pepper were isolated and identified using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/PDA. Synchronized worms were treated with capsaicinoid-glucosides (CG), and then lifespan and stress resistance were examined. The 50 µg/ml concentration of CG-intake could effectively protect the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) against stresses factors including oxidation and heat as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing the survival of CG-treated worms under stress. Enhancing stress resistance in CG-treated worms could be due to the increased expressions of stress-related genes in C. elegans such as daf-16, skn-1 and their downstream target genes (sod-3, hsp-16.2, gst-4 and gcs-1). Lifespan study of different C. elegans strains and RT-PCR showed that the CG-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors. The study is a step forward in exploring the stress resistance and anti-aging properties of this beneficial extract. Thus, this study will be useful in formulating remedies for stresses factors and age associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeen Elkhedir
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aamir Iqbal
- College of Agricultural and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amgad Albahi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Rong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Nuwaylati D, Alnami A, Ajabnoor M, Elsamanoudy A. The Interplay of Vitamin D Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Co-Morbidities. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114127. [PMID: 34836382 PMCID: PMC8618094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to clarify the interplay between obesity, vitamin D deficiency, cellular senescence, and obesity-related metabolic consequences, mainly subclinical atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity is a significant global health problem that involves cellular, environmental, behavioral, and genetic elements. The fundamental cause of obesity throughout all life stages is an energy imbalance, and its consequences are countless and, foremost, very common. Obesity has been comprehensively studied in the literature given its association with low serum vitamin D, with many proposed mechanisms linking the two conditions. Moreover, markers of exaggerated cellular senescence have been proven to accumulate in obese individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis initiates an early stage that ends in serious cardiac events, and obesity, low vitamin D, and senescent cells largely contribute to its associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, NAFLD signifies the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and studies have highlighted the important role of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and cellular senescence in its development. Therefore, we outlined the most important mechanisms tying these conditions to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Dina Nuwaylati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-59-506-2375
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10
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Li Q, Hagberg CE, Silva Cascales H, Lang S, Hyvönen MT, Salehzadeh F, Chen P, Alexandersson I, Terezaki E, Harms MJ, Kutschke M, Arifen N, Krämer N, Aouadi M, Knibbe C, Boucher J, Thorell A, Spalding KL. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nat Med 2021; 27:1941-1953. [PMID: 34608330 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The expansion of adipose tissue in obesity is due to an increase in both adipocyte progenitor differentiation and mature adipocyte cell size. Adipocytes, however, are thought to be unable to divide or enter the cell cycle. We demonstrate that mature human adipocytes unexpectedly display a gene and protein signature indicative of an active cell cycle program. Adipocyte cell cycle progression associates with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, with a concomitant increase in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear DNA content. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in vitro or in humans, however, is associated with subsequent cell cycle exit, leading to a premature senescent transcriptomic and secretory profile in adipocytes. Premature senescence is rapidly becoming recognized as an important mediator of stress-induced tissue dysfunction. By demonstrating that adipocytes can activate a cell cycle program, we define a mechanism whereby mature human adipocytes senesce. We further show that by targeting the adipocyte cell cycle program using metformin, it is possible to influence adipocyte senescence and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Silva Cascales
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Lang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleni Terezaki
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Krämer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Carole Knibbe
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INRIA, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Blanco MB, Greene LK, Schopler R, Williams CV, Lynch D, Browning J, Welser K, Simmons M, Klopfer PH, Ehmke EE. On the modulation and maintenance of hibernation in captive dwarf lemurs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5740. [PMID: 33707506 PMCID: PMC7952597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, photoperiod signals environmental seasonality and is a strong selective "zeitgeber" that synchronizes biological rhythms. For animals facing seasonal environmental challenges and energetic bottlenecks, daily torpor and hibernation are two metabolic strategies that can save energy. In the wild, the dwarf lemurs of Madagascar are obligate hibernators, hibernating between 3 and 7 months a year. In captivity, however, dwarf lemurs generally express torpor for periods far shorter than the hibernation season in Madagascar. We investigated whether fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) housed at the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) could hibernate, by subjecting 8 individuals to husbandry conditions more in accord with those in Madagascar, including alternating photoperiods, low ambient temperatures, and food restriction. All dwarf lemurs displayed daily and multiday torpor bouts, including bouts lasting ~ 11 days. Ambient temperature was the greatest predictor of torpor bout duration, and food ingestion and night length also played a role. Unlike their wild counterparts, who rarely leave their hibernacula and do not feed during hibernation, DLC dwarf lemurs sporadically moved and ate. While demonstrating that captive dwarf lemurs are physiologically capable of hibernation, we argue that facilitating their hibernation serves both husbandry and research goals: first, it enables lemurs to express the biphasic phenotypes (fattening and fat depletion) that are characteristic of their wild conspecifics; second, by "renaturalizing" dwarf lemurs in captivity, they will emerge a better model for understanding both metabolic extremes in primates generally and metabolic disorders in humans specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Blanco
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. .,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Lydia K Greene
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay Welser
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | | | - Peter H Klopfer
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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12
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Wang H, Zhang S, Zhai L, Sun L, Zhao D, Wang Z, Li X. Ginsenoside extract from ginseng extends lifespan and health span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2021; 12:6793-6808. [PMID: 34109970 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00576f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition intervention has become a potential strategy to improve healthspan and prolong lifespan. Ginseng has been used for thousands of years and developed as a functional food to provide various protective effects to humans. An extract of total ginsenosides (TGS), a mixture of the main active ginsenosides from ginseng, has wide biological activities and health benefits for age-related diseases, including antioxidation and improvements in mitochondrial function. However, the molecular mechanism of TGS for prolonging lifespan and improving fitness and how exactly this is achieved under normal and stress conditions remain largely unclear. In this study, wild-type and mutant C. elegans strains are used to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of TGS-mediated longevity, health benefits, and stress resistance. The results showed that treatment with TGS at 0.2 mg mL-1 from the stage of day four to death significantly extended the lifespan of worms by 14.02% without effects on bacterial metabolism and food intake. Furthermore, TGS treatment obviously improved age-associated mobility, muscle fiber organization, lipofuscin accumulation, and enhanced resistance under oxidative stress. Importantly, these effects of TGS were achieved by activating the signaling pathways of anti-oxidant regulation and longevity, including the NRF2/SKN-1, SIRT1/SIR 2.1, and FOXO/DAF-16 signaling pathways. Finally, it was found that Rg1, Re, and Rb1 were the major effective components of anti-oxidative activity and longevity. Collectively, the protective effect of ginsenoside extract in healthy aging and stress responses provides new insights for the development and practical application of ginseng functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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13
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Zarbafian M, Dayan S, Fabi SG. Teachings from COVID-19 and aging-An oxidative process. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3171-3176. [PMID: 32997887 PMCID: PMC7536979 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As of June 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has totaled over 9 000 000 cases and 470 000 deaths globally (ref. 1). Emerging data from COVID‐19 patients have suggested a clear role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2, the pathogenic agent of COVID‐19. Several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging, have been associated with an increase in baseline oxidative stress, likely explaining why such individuals at risk for poor outcomes with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Similarly, the concept of oxidative stress remains one of the best supported theories to explain the mechanism behind aging. Oxidative stress through both endogenous and exogenous sources has known deleterious effects in both aging and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Herein, we will review the role of oxidative stress as a key player in both aging and COVID‐19 and highlight why some individuals may have better or poorer outcomes because of this. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic pathways for effectively anti‐aging as we take away from our learnings on COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Zarbafian
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Dayan
- Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sabrina G Fabi
- Volunteer Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Goldman Butterwick Groff Fabi Wu & Boen Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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The role of adipose tissue senescence in obesity- and ageing-related metabolic disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:315-330. [PMID: 31998947 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue as the largest energy reservoir and endocrine organ is essential for maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis, but these metabolic functions decline with ageing and obesity. Adipose tissue senescence is one of the common features in obesity and ageing. Although cellular senescence is a defensive mechanism preventing tumorigenesis, its occurrence in adipose tissue causatively induces defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokines production and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. In addition to these paracrine effects, adipose tissue senescence also triggers systemic inflammation and senescence as well as insulin resistance in the distal metabolic organs, resulting in Type 2 diabetes and other premature physiological declines. Multiple cell types including mature adipocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells and progenitor cells gradually senesce at different levels in different fat depots with ageing and obesity, highlighting the heterogeneity and complexity of adipose tissue senescence. In this review, we discuss the causes and consequences of adipose tissue senescence, and the major cell types responsible for adipose tissue senescence in ageing and obesity. In addition, we summarize the pharmacological approaches and lifestyle intervention targeting adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of obesity- and ageing-related metabolic diseases.
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15
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Long-lived post-mitotic cell aging: is a telomere clock at play? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111256. [PMID: 32380018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to stress for both dividing and post-mitotic cells. Noteworthy, long-lived post-mitotic cells (collectively named LLPMCs), which can live for decades in the organism, can exhibit a distinct type of cellular aging characterized by a progressive functional decline not associated to an overt senescence phenotype. The age-related drivers of senescence and aging in LLPMCs remain largely unknown. There is evidence that an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to dysfunctional mitochondria, coupled with an inherent inability of cellular-degradation mechanisms to remove damaged molecules, is responsible for senescence and aging in LLPMC. Although telomeric DNA shortening, by nature linked to cell division, is generally not considered as a driver of LLPMC aging and senescence, we discuss recent reports revealing the existence of age-related telomere changes in LLPMC. These findings reveal unexpected roles for telomeres in LLPMC function and invite us to consider the hypothesis of a complex telomere clock involved in both dividing and non-dividing cell aging.
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16
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Barinda AJ, Ikeda K, Nugroho DB, Wardhana DA, Sasaki N, Honda S, Urata R, Matoba S, Hirata KI, Emoto N. Endothelial progeria induces adipose tissue senescence and impairs insulin sensitivity through senescence associated secretory phenotype. Nat Commun 2020; 11:481. [PMID: 31980643 PMCID: PMC6981212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is thought to play a crucial role in an ageing-associated decline of organ functions; however, whether vascular senescence is causally implicated in age-related disease remains unclear. Here we show that endothelial cell (EC) senescence induces metabolic disorders through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence-messaging secretomes from senescent ECs induced a senescence-like state and reduced insulin receptor substrate-1 in adipocytes, which thereby impaired insulin signaling. We generated EC-specific progeroid mice that overexpressed the dominant negative form of telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 under the control of the Tie2 promoter. EC-specific progeria impaired systemic metabolic health in mice in association with adipose tissue dysfunction even while consuming normal chow. Notably, shared circulation with EC-specific progeroid mice by parabiosis sufficiently transmitted the metabolic disorders into wild-type recipient mice. Our data provides direct evidence that EC senescence impairs systemic metabolic health, and thus establishes EC senescence as a bona fide risk for age-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agian Jeffilano Barinda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Dhite Bayu Nugroho
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Donytra Arby Wardhana
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Sakiko Honda
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryota Urata
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017, Japan
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17
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Berlanga-Acosta JA, Guillén-Nieto GE, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Mari Y, Bringas-Vega ML, Berlanga-Saez JO, García del Barco Herrera D, Martinez-Jimenez I, Hernandez-Gutierrez S, Valdés-Sosa PA. Cellular Senescence as the Pathogenic Hub of Diabetes-Related Wound Chronicity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573032. [PMID: 33042026 PMCID: PMC7525211 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is constantly increasing at a rate that outpaces genetic variation and approaches to pandemic magnitude. Skin cells physiology and the cutaneous healing response are progressively undermined in diabetes which predisposes to lower limb ulceration, recidivism, and subsequent lower extremities amputation as a frightened complication. The molecular operators whereby diabetes reduces tissues resilience and hampers the repair mechanisms remain elusive. We have accrued the notion that diabetic environment embraces preconditioning factors that definitively propel premature cellular senescence, and that ulcer cells senescence impair the healing response. Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress/mitochondrial and DNA damage may act as major drivers sculpturing the senescent phenotype. We review here historical and recent evidences that substantiate the hypothesis that diabetic foot ulcers healing trajectory, is definitively impinged by a self-expanding and self-perpetuative senescent cells society that drives wound chronicity. This society may be fostered by a diabetic archetypal secretome that induces replicative senescence in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells are also susceptible to major diabetic senescence drivers, which accounts for the inability of these cells to appropriately assist in diabetics wound healing. Thus, the use of autologous stem cells has not translated in significant clinical outcomes. Novel and multifaceted therapeutic approaches are required to pharmacologically mitigate the diabetic cellular senescence operators and reduce the secondary multi-organs complications. The senescent cells society and its adjunctive secretome could be an ideal local target to manipulate diabetic ulcers and prevent wound chronification and acute recidivism. This futuristic goal demands harnessing the diabetic wound chronicity epigenomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Berlanga-Acosta
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Gerardo E. Guillén-Nieto
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Mari
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
| | - Jorge O. Berlanga-Saez
- Applied Mathematics Department, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diana García del Barco Herrera
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Indira Martinez-Jimenez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
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18
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The anti-aging effects of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:600-604. [PMID: 31446102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-aging activity of marine macroalgae Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GP) on Caenorhabditis elegans was evaluated by observing the lifespan, reproduction, pharyngeal pumping and stress response of worms. Moreover, quantitative fluorescence of polyglutamic acid and nuclear localization of DAF-16 were observed. The results showed that GP treatment enhanced the mean lifespan by over 16.47% and significantly increased the reproduction duration of worm in the high dose group (1000 μg/mL). GP exhibited little potent effects under the thermotolerance and oxidative stress. The number of polyglutamic acid aggregates in three dosage groups decreased by 24.82%, 32.08% and 30.93% (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The middle dose group strongly induced DAF-16 nuclear translocation over intermediate and cytosolic localizations compared to the control (p < 0.001). It was inferred that GP extended the adult lifespan of wild-type and polyQ nematodes through the insulin pathway DAF-16.
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19
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In vitro model of chronological aging of adipocytes: Interrelationships with hypoxia and oxidation. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Conte M, Martucci M, Sandri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. The Dual Role of the Pervasive "Fattish" Tissue Remodeling With Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30863366 PMCID: PMC6400104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by dramatic changes in body mass composition that include a general increase of the total fat mass. Within the fat mass, a change in the proportions of adipose tissues also occurs with aging, affecting body metabolism, and playing a central role in many chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. In mammals, fat accumulates as white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, which differ both in morphology and function. While WAT is involved in lipid storage and immuno-endocrine responses, BAT is aimed at generating heat. With advancing age BAT declines, while WAT increases reaching the maximum peak by early old age and changes its distribution toward a higher proportion of visceral WAT. However, lipids tend to accumulate also within lipid droplets (LDs) in non-adipose tissues, including muscle, liver, and heart. The excess of such ectopic lipid deposition and the alteration of LD homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related diseases. It is not clear why age-associated tissue remodeling seems to lean toward lipid deposition as a "default program." However, it can be noted that such remodeling is not inevitably detrimental. In fact, such a programmed redistribution of fat throughout life could be considered physiological and even protective, in particular at extreme old age. In this regard, it has to be considered that an excessive decrease of subcutaneous peripheral fat is associated with a pro-inflammatory status, and a decrease of LD is associated with lipotoxicity leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. At variance, a balanced rate of fat content and distribution has beneficial effects for health and metabolic homeostasis, positively affecting longevity. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge on the mechanisms of the age-related changes in lipid distribution and we will discuss how fat mass negatively or positively impacts on human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Conte
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Yang ZZ, Yu YT, Lin HR, Liao DC, Cui XH, Wang HB. Lonicera japonica extends lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:310-322. [PMID: 30266681 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (LJ) is widely used as the local medicine to improve body and prevent ills in China, but mechanisms of its healthy beneficial effects remain largely unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-aging and healthspan promoting activities of 75% ethanol extract of LJ (LJ-E) in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that LJ-E (500 μg/mL) treatment enhanced the mean lifespan of worms by over 21.87% and significantly improved age-associated physiological functions in C. elegans. The 500 μg/mL concentration of LJ-E enhanced the survival rates under oxidative and thermal stresses, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and fat accumulation in the worms. Gene-specific mutant studies showed that LJ-E-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on mev-1, daf-2, daf-16, and hsf-1, but not eat-2 genes. LJ-E could upregulate stress-inducible genes, viz., hsp-16.2, sod-3 and mtl-1. Moreover, we found that the D1086.10 protein interacted with superoxide dismutase (SOD)-3 by functional protein association networks analysis according to RNA-sequencing results. It was confirmed that D1086.10 was needed to promote longevity, and positively regulated expression of sod-3 by using D1086.10 mutants. Furthermore, LJ-E significantly delayed amyloid β-protein induced paralysis in CL4176 strain. Given the important role of autophagy in aging and protein homeostasis, we observed that LJ-E could remarkably increase the mRNA expression of autophagy gene bec-1 in CL4176 strain, and decrease expression of autophagy substrate p62 protein by more than 40.0% in BC12921 strain. Finally, we found that combination composed of three major compounds (54 μg/mL chlorogenic acid, 15 μg/mL 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 7.5 μg/mL 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid) of 500 μg/mL LJ-E could significantly delay paralysis in CL4176 worms caused by Aβ toxicity, comparable to that of LJ-E. Overall, our study may have important implications in using Lonicera japonica to promote healthy aging and have a potency to design therapeutics for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Ting Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Ru Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - De-Chun Liao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Huan Cui
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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22
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Gao Y, Cao Y, Cui X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Huang F, Wang X, Wen J, Xie K, Xu P, Guo X, You L, Ji C. miR-199a-3p regulates brown adipocyte differentiation through mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:155-164. [PMID: 29753771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of functional brown adipocytes in mammals illuminates their therapeutic potential for combating obesity and its associated diseases. However, on account of the limited amount and activity in adult humans of brown adipocyte depots, identification of miRNAs and characterization their regulatory roles in human brown adipogenesis are urgently needed. This study focused on the role of microRNA (miR)-199a-3p in human brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic capacity. A decreased expression pattern of miR-199a-3p was consistently observed during the differentiation course of brown adipocytes in mice and humans. Conversely, its level was induced during the differentiation course of human white pre-adipocytes derived from visceral fat. miR-199a-3p expression was relatively abundant in interscapular BAT (iBAT) and differentially regulated in the activated and aging BAT in mice. Additionally, miR-199a-3p expression level in human brown adipocytes was observed decreased upon thermogenic activation and increased by aging-related stimuli. Using primary pre-adipocytes, miR-199a-3p over-expression was capable of attenuating lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression as well as impairing brown adipocytes' metabolic characteristics as revealed by decreased mitochondrial DNA content and respiration. Suppression of miR-199a-3p by a locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified-anti-miR led to increased differentiation and thermogenesis in human brown adipocytes. By combining target prediction and examination, we identified mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) as a direct target of miR-199a-3p that affected brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Our results point to a novel role for miR-199a-3p and its downstream effector mTOR in human brown adipocyte differentiation and maintenance of thermogenic characteristics, which can be manipulated as therapeutic targets against obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yahui Zhou
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Fangyan Huang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
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23
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Maslov LN, Naryzhnaya NV, Boshchenko AA, Popov SV, Ivanov VV, Oeltgen PR. Is oxidative stress of adipocytes a cause or a consequence of the metabolic syndrome? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2018; 15:1-5. [PMID: 30479968 PMCID: PMC6240632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is accompanied by oxidative stress in animals and humans. The main source of ROS in experimental metabolic syndrome is NADPH oxidase and possibly adipocyte mitochondria. It is now documented that oxidative stress induces insulin resistance of adipocytes and increases secretion of leptin, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by adipocytes. It was established that oxidative stress induces a decrease in adiponectin production by adipocytes. It has also been shown that obesity itself can induce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can cause an alteration of intracellular signaling in adipocytes that apparently leads to the formation of insulin resistance of adipocytes. Chronic stress, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, angiotensin-II, TNF-α also play an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress of adipocytes. Oxidative stress is not only a consequence of metabolic syndrome, but also a reason and a foundational link in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alla A Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Peter R Oeltgen
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Obesity and type-2 diabetes as inducers of premature cellular senescence and ageing. Biogerontology 2018; 19:447-459. [PMID: 30054761 PMCID: PMC6223730 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is now considered as a major mechanism in the development and progression of various diseases and this may include metabolic diseases such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. The presence of obesity and diabetes is a major risk factor in the development of additional health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and cancer. Since senescent cells can drive disease development, obesity and diabetes can potentially create an environment that accelerates cell senescence within other tissues of the body. This can consequently manifest as age-related biological impairments and secondary diseases. Cell senescence in cell types linked with obesity and diabetes, namely adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells will be explored, followed by a discussion on the role of obesity and diabetes in accelerating ageing through induction of premature cell senescence mediated by high glucose levels and oxidised low-density lipoproteins. Particular emphasis will be placed on accelerated cell senescence in endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells with relation to cardiovascular disease and proximal tubular cells with relation to kidney disease. A summary of the potential strategies for therapeutically targeting senescent cells for improving health is also presented.
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25
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The Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Oxidative Stress Related to Aging: Implications in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072139. [PMID: 30041449 PMCID: PMC6073138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging has been associated with a series of pathophysiological processes causing general decline in the overall health of the afflicted population. The cumulative line of evidence suggests an important role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of the aging process and metabolic abnormalities, exacerbating adipocyte dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and associated complications at the same time. In recent years, robust have established the implication of Na/K-ATPase signaling in causing oxidative stress and alterations in cellular mechanisms, in addition to its distinct pumping function. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and exploring the possible sources of pro-oxidants may allow for developing therapeutic targets in these processes and formulate novel intervention strategies for patients susceptible to aging and associated complications, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. The attenuation of oxidative stress with targeted treatment options can improve patient outcomes and significantly reduce economic burden.
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26
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Briones L, Andrews M, Pizarro F, Arredondo-Olguín M. Expression of genes associated with inflammation and iron metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells induced with macrophages-conditioned medium, glucose and iron. Biometals 2018; 31:595-604. [PMID: 29730778 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, with an increased volume of total adipose tissue, especially visceral, which secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Hepcidin (Hpc), a main iron metabolism regulator, is synthetized by an IL-6 stimuli, among others, in liver and adipose tissue, favoring an association between the inflammatory process and iron metabolism. Still there are questions remain regarding the interaction of these factors. Our aim was to study the effect of a macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) on adipocyte cells challenged with glucose and/or iron. We studied the mRNA relative abundance of genes related to inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells challenged with Fe (40 µM), glucose (20 mM) or Fe/glucose (40 µM/20 mM) with or without MCM for 24 h. We also measured the intracellular iron levels under these conditions. Our results showed that when adipocytes were challenged with MCM, glucose and/or Fe, the intracellular iron and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased. These responses were higher when all the stimuli were combined with MCM from macrophages. Thus, we showed that combined high glucose/high Fe alone or with MCM may contribute to an increase on intracellular iron and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 differentiated cells, by increased mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, Hpc and reducing adiponectin levels, enhancing the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Briones
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile.,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health Science and Food, University of Bío-Bío, Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Andrews
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile
| | - F Pizarro
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile
| | - M Arredondo-Olguín
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Nutrition Institute and Food Technology, INTA, University of Chile, El Líbano, 5524, Santiago, Macul, Chile.
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27
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Dolivo D, Hernandez S, Dominko T. Cellular lifespan and senescence: a complex balance between multiple cellular pathways. Bioessays 2017; 38 Suppl 1:S33-44. [PMID: 27417120 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study of cellular senescence and proliferative lifespan is becoming increasingly important because of the promises of autologous cell therapy, the need for model systems for tissue disease and the implication of senescent cell phenotypes in organismal disease states such as sarcopenia, diabetes and various cancers, among others. Here, we explain the concepts of proliferative cellular lifespan and cellular senescence, and we present factors that have been shown to mediate cellular lifespan positively or negatively. We review much recent literature and present potential molecular mechanisms by which lifespan mediation occurs, drawing from the fields of telomere biology, metabolism, NAD(+) and sirtuin biology, growth factor signaling and oxygen and antioxidants. We conclude that cellular lifespan and senescence are complex concepts that are governed by multiple independent and interdependent pathways, and that greater understanding of these pathways, their interactions and their convergence upon specific cellular phenotypes may lead to viable therapies for tissue regeneration and treatment of age-related pathologies, which are caused by or exacerbated by senescent cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dolivo
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Hernandez
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
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28
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Metabolic and genomic adaptations to winter fattening in a primate species, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:221-230. [PMID: 28925409 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic changes leading to obesity remains a major world health issue. Among such mechanisms, seasonality is quite underestimated although it corresponds to the manifestation of extreme metabolic flexibility in response to a changing environment. Nevertheless, the changes induced by such flexibility are far to be understood, especially at the level of insulin signaling, genomic stability or inflammation. METHODS Here, we investigated the metabolic regulations displayed by a seasonal primate species, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) that exhibits pronounced changes in body mass during the 6-month winter season: a fattening period followed by a spontaneous fat loss, without ever reaching pathological stages. RESULTS Such body weight modulations result from a combination of behavioral (food intake) and physiological (endocrine changes, switch between carb and lipid oxidation) adjustments that spontaneously operate during winter. Conversely to classical models of obesity, insulin sensitivity is paradoxically preserved during the obesogenic phase. Fat loss is associated with increased metabolic activity, especially in brown adipose tissue, and induced increased oxidative stress associated with telomere length dynamic. Furthermore, liver gene expression analysis revealed regulations in metabolic homeostasis (beta-oxidation, insulin signaling, cholesterol and lipid metabolism) but not for genes involved in inflammatory process (for example, Ifng, Tnf, Nfkb1). CONCLUSION Altogether, these results show that mouse lemurs undergo deep physiological and genomic seasonal changes, without ever reaching a pathological stage. Further investigation is needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms, which may well be highly relevant for human therapeutic strategies.
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29
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Salazar J, Bermúdez V, Calvo M, Olivar LC, Luzardo E, Navarro C, Mencia H, Martínez M, Rivas-Ríos J, Wilches-Durán S, Cerda M, Graterol M, Graterol R, Garicano C, Hernández J, Rojas J. Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population. F1000Res 2017; 6:1337. [PMID: 29375810 PMCID: PMC5760971 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12170.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10
-10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - María Calvo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Eliana Luzardo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Heysa Mencia
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Martínez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas-Ríos
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Sandra Wilches-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Marcos Cerda
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Modesto Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Rosemily Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Carlos Garicano
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Juan Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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30
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Salazar J, Bermúdez V, Calvo M, Olivar LC, Luzardo E, Navarro C, Mencia H, Martínez M, Rivas-Ríos J, Wilches-Durán S, Cerda M, Graterol M, Graterol R, Garicano C, Hernández J, Rojas J. Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population. F1000Res 2017; 6:1337. [PMID: 29375810 PMCID: PMC5760971 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12170.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10 -10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - María Calvo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Eliana Luzardo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Heysa Mencia
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Martínez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas-Ríos
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Sandra Wilches-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Marcos Cerda
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Modesto Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Rosemily Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Carlos Garicano
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Juan Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Salazar J, Bermúdez V, Calvo M, Olivar LC, Luzardo E, Navarro C, Mencia H, Martínez M, Rivas-Ríos J, Wilches-Durán S, Cerda M, Graterol M, Graterol R, Garicano C, Hernández J, Rojas J. Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population. F1000Res 2017; 6:1337. [PMID: 29375810 PMCID: PMC5760971 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12170.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2. Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10 -10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - María Calvo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Eliana Luzardo
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Heysa Mencia
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Martínez
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas-Ríos
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Sandra Wilches-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Marcos Cerda
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Modesto Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Rosemily Graterol
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Carlos Garicano
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Juan Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine-Metabolic Research Center, , University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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A Holistic Approach to Antiaging as an Adjunct to Antiaging Procedures: A Review of the Literature. Dermatol Surg 2017; 43:475-484. [PMID: 28359075 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a multifactorial process and depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Procedural options for diminishing signs of intrinsic aging and cosmetic rejuvenation have expanded dramatically. However, less attention is paid to counseling patients on options for mitigating extrinsic factors related to aging. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review changes that occur with intrinsic and extrinsic aging, and provide evidence-based holistic counseling recommendations that can be used synergistically with aesthetic procedures to maximize antiaging interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was conducted for articles on intrinsic and extrinsic aging as it relates to skin, fat, muscle, and bone. Key clinical trials and studies on the effect of diet, hormones, exercise, sleep, stress, dental hygiene, smoking, pollution, and oxidative stress on the aging process are reviewed, and treatment recommendations are summarized based on available evidence. RESULTS Conventional cosmetic procedures and cosmeceuticals work together with nutritious diet, exercise, dental hygiene, hormonal balance, stress reduction, smoking and pollution avoidance, and healthy sleep patterns for a better effect on antiaging. CONCLUSION A combination approach of multiple nonsurgical modalities along with healthy lifestyle recommendations to minimize intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors allows cosmetic practitioners to target multiple facets of aging concurrently and maximize the aesthetic interventions cosmetic dermatologists/practitioners provide.
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Strycharz J, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Sliwinska A. Is p53 Involved in Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance Formation? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9270549. [PMID: 28194257 PMCID: PMC5282448 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9270549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p53 constitutes an extremely versatile molecule, primarily involved in sensing the variety of cellular stresses. Functional p53 utilizes a plethora of mechanisms to protect cell from deleterious repercussions of genotoxic insults, where senescence deserves special attention. While the impressive amount of p53 roles has been perceived solely by the prism of antioncogenic effect, its presence seems to be vastly connected with metabolic abnormalities underlain by cellular aging, obesity, and inflammation. p53 has been found to regulate multiple biochemical processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Notably, p53-mediated metabolic effects are totally up to results of insulin action. Accumulating amount of data identifies p53 to be a factor activated upon hyperglycemia or excessive calorie intake, thus contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Prominent signs of its actions have been observed in muscles, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue being associated with attenuation of insulin signalling. p53 is of crucial importance for the regulation of white and brown adipogenesis simultaneously being a repressor for preadipocyte differentiation. This review provides a profound insight into p53-dependent metabolic actions directed towards promotion of insulin resistance as well as presenting experimental data regarding obesity-induced p53-mediated metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Strycharz
- Diabetes Student Scientific Society at the Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jozef Drzewoski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Sethi I, Bhat GR, Singh V, Kumar R, Bhanwer AJS, Bamezai RNK, Sharma S, Rai E. Role of telomeres and associated maintenance genes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 122:92-100. [PMID: 27816684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a multifactorial complex disorder, is emerging as a major cause of morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden across the world. Despite huge efforts in understanding genetics of T2DM, only ∼10% of the genetic factors have been identified so far. Telomere attrition, a natural phenomenon has recently emerged in understanding the pathophysiology of T2DM. It has been indicated that Telomeres and associated pathways might be the critical components in the disease etiology, though the mechanism(s) involved are not clear. Recent Genome Wide (GWAS) and Candidate Gene Case-Control Association Studies have also indicated an association of Telomere and associated pathways related genes with T2DM. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the telomere maintenance genes: TERT, TERC, TNKS, CSNK2A2, TEP1, ACD, TRF1 and TRF2, have shown strong association with telomere attrition in T2DM and its pathophysiology, in these studies. However, the assessment has been made within limited ethnicities (Caucasians, Han Chinese cohort and Punjabi Sikhs from South Asia), warranting the study of such associations in different ethnic groups. Here, we propose the possible mechanisms, in the light of existing knowledge, to understand the association of T2DM with telomeres and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itty Sethi
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - G R Bhat
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - Vinod Singh
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - A J S Bhanwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rameshwar N K Bamezai
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swarkar Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India.
| | - Ekta Rai
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India.
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Khatib SA, Rossi EL, Bowers LW, Hursting SD. Reducing the burden of obesity-associated cancers with anti-inflammatory long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:100-7. [PMID: 27448716 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today's world population has an unprecedented risk of dying from the consequences of being overweight and obese. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer are often accelerated because of excessive adiposity. Various biological mechanisms are implicated in the obesity-cancer link, particularly local and systemic inflammation as well as altered growth factor signaling pathways. In order to combat obesity-induced inflammation and the resulting increases in cancer risk and progression, the identification of safe and effective mechanism-based interventions is imperative. Notably, long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators, restore insulin sensitivity, and can prevent or delay tumorigenesis. Delineating the precise mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs suppress obesity-induced inflammation will help identify promising key mechanistic targets and intervention strategies to break the obesity-cancer link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Impact of 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole (3-AT)-Derived Increase in Hydrogen Peroxide Levels on Inflammation and Metabolism in Human Differentiated Adipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152550. [PMID: 27023799 PMCID: PMC4811533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, which is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Excessive H2O2 levels are degraded by catalase (CAT), the activity of which is decreased in obesity. We investigated the effects of inhibition of catalase activity on metabolism and inflammation by incubating human differentiated adipocytes with 10 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) for 24 h. As expected, the treatment decreased CAT activity and increased intracellular H2O2 levels significantly. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was also reduced, and the gene expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes GPX4 and peroxiredoxins (1, 3 and 5) were inhibited. Interestingly, this occurred along with lower mRNA levels of the transcription factors nuclear factor (erythroid 2-like 2) and forkhead box O, which are involved in redox homeostasis. However, superoxide dismutase activity and expression were increased. Moreover, 3-AT led to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and increased tumor necrosis alpha and interleukin 6 protein and gene expression levels, while lowering peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA and protein levels. These alterations were accompanied by an altered glucose and lipid metabolism. Indeed, adipocytes treated with 3-AT showed reduced basal glucose uptake, reduced glucose transporter type 4 gene and protein expression, reduced lipolysis, reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activation and reduced gene expression of lipases. Our results indicate that increased H2O2 levels caused by 3-AT treatment impair the antioxidant defense system, lower PPARγ expression and initiate inflammation, thus affecting glucose and lipid metabolism in human differentiated adipocytes.
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Tsai S, Clemente-Casares X, Revelo XS, Winer S, Winer DA. Are obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes autoimmune diseases? Diabetes 2015; 64:1886-97. [PMID: 25999531 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated insulin resistance predispose individuals to develop chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although these disorders affect a significant proportion of the global population, the underlying mechanisms of disease remain poorly understood. The discovery of elevated tumor necrosis factor-α in adipose tissue as an inducer of obesity-associated insulin resistance marked a new era of understanding that a subclinical inflammatory process underlies the insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction that precedes type 2 diabetes. Advances in the field identified components of both the innate and adaptive immune response as key players in regulating such inflammatory processes. As antigen specificity is a hallmark of an adaptive immune response, its role in modulating the chronic inflammation that accompanies obesity and type 2 diabetes begs the question of whether insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes can have autoimmune components. In this Perspective, we summarize current data that pertain to the activation and perpetuation of adaptive immune responses during obesity and discuss key missing links and potential mechanisms for obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes to be considered as potential autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tsai
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xavier S Revelo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Aulinas A, Ramírez MJ, Barahona MJ, Valassi E, Resmini E, Mato E, Santos A, Crespo I, Bell O, Surrallés J, Webb SM. Dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation markers are correlated with telomere length shortening in Cushing's syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120185. [PMID: 25799396 PMCID: PMC4370384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cushing’s syndrome (CS) increases cardiovascular risk (CVR) and adipocytokine imbalance, associated with an increased inflammatory state. Telomere length (TL) shortening is a novel CVR marker, associated with inflammation biomarkers. We hypothesized that inflammatory state and higher CVR in CS might be related to TL shortening, as observed in premature aging. Aim To evaluate relationships between TL, CVR and inflammation markers in CS. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 77 patients with CS (14 males, 59 pituitary-, 17 adrenal- and 1 ectopic-origin; 21 active disease) and 77 age-, gender-, smoking-matched controls were included. Total white blood cell TL was measured by TRF-Southern technique. Clinical data and blood samples were collected (lipids, adrenal function, glucose). Adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were available in a subgroup of patients (n=32). Correlations between TL and clinical features were examined and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of TL. Results Dyslipidemic CS had shorter TL than non-dyslipidemic subjects (7328±1274 vs 7957±1137 bp, p<0.05). After adjustment for age and body mass index, cured and active CS dyslipidemic patients had shorter TL than non-dyslipidemic CS (cured: 7187±1309 vs 7868±1104; active: 7203±1262 vs 8615±1056, respectively, p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglycerides negatively correlated with TL (r-0.279 and -0.259, respectively, p<0.05), as well as CRP and IL6 (r-0.412 and -0.441, respectively, p<0.05). No difference in TL according the presence of other individual CVR factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity) were observed in CS or in the control group. Additional TL shortening was observed in dyslipidemic obese patients who were also hypertensive, compared to those with two or less CVR factors (6956±1280 vs 7860±1180, respectively, p<0.001). Age and dyslipidemia were independent negative predictors of TL. Conclusion TL is shortened in dyslipidemic CS patients, further worse if hypertension and/or obesity coexist and is negatively correlated with increased inflammation markers. Increased lipids and a “low” grade inflammation may contribute to TL shortening and consequently to premature ageing and increased morbidity in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María-José Ramírez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), ISCIII, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Barahona
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Endocrinology Department, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Resmini
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Santos
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Crespo
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bell
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), ISCIII, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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Qi Nan W, Ling Z, Bing C. The influence of the telomere-telomerase system on diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:849-64. [PMID: 25677239 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The telomere-telomerase system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of diabetes mellitus as well as in its vascular complications. Recent studies suggest that telomere shortening and abnormal telomerase activity occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, and targeting the telomere-telomerase system has become a prospective treatment for diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. This review highlights the significance of the telomere-telomerase system and supports its role as a possible therapeutic target for patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications Areas covered: This review covers the advances in understanding the telomere-telomerase system over the last 30 years and its significance in diabetes mellitus. In addition, it provides knowledge regarding the significance of the telomere-telomerase system in diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications as well as its role and mechanisms in oxidative stress, cell therapy and antioxidant activity Expert opinion: The telomere-telomerase system may be a potential therapeutic target that can protect against DNA damage and apoptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. DNA damage and apoptosis are associated with oxidative stress and are involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β cells, insulin resistance, and its vascular complications. Abnormalities in the telomere-telomerase system may be associated with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Therapies targeting telomere-telomerase system, telomerase reverse transcriptase transfection and alterative telomere lengthening must be identified before gene therapy can commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qi Nan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Endocrine Department , Chongqing, Post number: 400038 , China
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Jones DA, Prior SL, Barry JD, Caplin S, Baxter JN, Stephens JW. Changes in markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human visceral adipose tissue from subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:627-33. [PMID: 25458337 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the past 30 years, prevalence of obesity has almost trebled resulting in an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other co-morbidities. Visceral adipose tissue is believed to play a vital role, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate changes in markers of oxidative damage in human visceral adipose tissue to determine levels of oxidative burden that may be attributed to obesity and/or diabetes. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue samples from 61 subjects undergoing abdominal surgery grouped as lean, obese and obese with type 2 diabetes mellitus, were examined using 3 different markers of oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation, telomere length and Comet assay as markers of oxidative DNA damage. RESULTS No significant difference in MDA concentration, telomere length and DNA damage was observed between groups, although longer telomere lengths were seen in the obese with diabetes group compared to the obese group (P<0.05). Lower MDA concentration and longer telomere length were seen in subjects with diabetes compared to those without (P<0.05). DNA damage, analysed via Comet assay, was significantly lower in subjects with diabetes compared to those without (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A paradoxical decrease in oxidative stress and DNA damage was observed in samples from subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further work is required to investigate this further, however this phenomenon may be due to an up regulation of antioxidant defences in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - S L Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - J D Barry
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - S Caplin
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J N Baxter
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, caused by insults, such as: telomere erosion, oncogene activation, irradiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and viral infection. Extrinsic stimuli such as cell culture stress can also trigger this growth arrest. Senescence is thought to have evolved as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy, as it acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism during the reproductive age, but can promote organismal aging by disrupting tissue renewal, repair, and regeneration later in life. The mechanisms underlying the senescence growth arrest are broadly considered to involve p16(INK4A) -pRB and p53-p21(CIP1/WAF1/SDI1) tumor suppressor pathways; but it is not known what makes the senescence arrest stable and what the critical downstream targets are, as they are likely to be key to the establishment and maintenance of the senescent state. MYB-related protein B (B-MYB/MYBL2), a member of the myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, has recently emerged as a potential candidate for regulating entry into senescence. Here, we review the evidence which indicates that loss of B-MYB expression has an important role in causing senescence growth arrest. We discuss how B-MYB acts, as the gatekeeper, to coordinate transit through the cell cycle, in conjunction with the multivulval class B (MuvB) complex and FOXM1 transcription factors. We also evaluate the evidence connecting B-MYB to the mTOR nutrient signaling pathway and suggest that inhibition of this pathway leading to an extension of healthspan may involve activation of B-MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N. Mowla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Division of Cancer; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine; Imperial College London; Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | - Parmjit S. Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
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Larouche E, Hudon C, Goulet S. Potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an interdisciplinary perspective. Behav Brain Res 2014; 276:199-212. [PMID: 24893317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article is based on the premise that the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from its prodromal phase (mild cognitive impairment; MCI) is higher when adverse factors (e.g., stress, depression, and metabolic syndrome) are present and accumulate. Such factors augment the likelihood of hippocampal damage central in MCI/AD aetiology, as well as compensatory mechanisms failure triggering a switch toward neurodegeneration. Because of the devastating consequences of AD, there is a need for early interventions that can delay, perhaps prevent, the transition from MCI to AD. We hypothesize that mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) show promise with regard to this goal. The present review discusses the associations between modifiable adverse factors and MCI/AD decline, MBI's impacts on adverse factors, and the mechanisms that could underlie the benefits of MBI. A schematic model is proposed to illustrate the course of neurodegeneration specific to MCI/AD, as well as the possible preventive mechanisms of MBI. Whereas regulation of glucocorticosteroids, inflammation, and serotonin could mediate MBI's effects on stress and depression, resolution of the metabolic syndrome might happen through a reduction of inflammation and white matter hyperintensities, and normalization of insulin and oxidation. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests that the main reach of MBI over MCI/AD development involves the management of stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation. Future research must focus on achieving deeper understanding of MBI's mechanisms of action in the context of MCI and AD. This necessitates bridging the gap between neuroscientific subfields and a cross-domain integration between basic and clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Larouche
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Carol Hudon
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3
| | - Sonia Goulet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), 2601, de la Canardière (F-2400), Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3.
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Benavides M, Berciano-Guerrero M. Elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: overall issues and first-line chemotherapy options. COLORECTAL CANCER 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.13.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The aging phenomenon is resulting in an ever greater incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the elderly. Chronologic age is not the best or only way to define elderly patients because aging varies greatly. Comprehensive geriatric assessment has proved beneficial for more appropriate therapeutic options although its influence on treatment decisions and outcomes remains to be validated. Fit elderly patients with metastatic CRC derive similar benefits to their younger counterparts, but only one Phase III trial exists to define the best treatment. New strategies such as maintenance therapies, which are particularly appropriate in these patients, are needed. As very few data are available for the vulnerable/frail elderly population, it is important to better define these terms and the efficacy (if any) of treatment modalities in this group. Translational research in geriatric oncology must be improved in this heterogeneous population to identify biological and clinical correlates of cancer and aging, ameliorating personalized treatment in elderly metastatic CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Benavides
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
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