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Qi YB, Xu Z, Shen S, Wang Z, Wang Z. MYRF: A unique transmembrane transcription factor- from proteolytic self-processing to its multifaceted roles in animal development. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300209. [PMID: 38488284 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The Myelin Regulator Factor (MYRF) is a master regulator governing myelin formation and maintenance in the central nervous system. The conservation of MYRF across metazoans and its broad tissue expression suggest it has functions extending beyond the well-established role in myelination. Loss of MYRF results in developmental lethality in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and MYRF haploinsufficiency in humans causes MYRF-related Cardiac Urogenital Syndrome, underscoring its importance in animal development; however, these mechanisms are largely unexplored. MYRF, an unconventional transcription factor, begins embedded in the membrane and undergoes intramolecular chaperone mediated trimerization, which triggers self-cleavage, allowing its N-terminal segment with an Ig-fold DNA-binding domain to enter the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Recent research suggests developmental regulation of cleavage, yet the mechanisms remain enigmatic. While some parts of MYRF's structure have been elucidated, others remain obscure, leaving questions about how these motifs are linked to its intricate processing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan B Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ishibashi S, Kamei N, Tsuchikawa Y, Nakamae T, Akimoto T, Miyaki S, Adachi N. Myelin-Specific microRNA-23a/b Cluster Deletion Inhibits Myelination in the Central Nervous System during Postnatal Growth and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:402. [PMID: 38674338 PMCID: PMC11049049 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) comprising miR-23a/b clusters, specifically miR-23a and miR-27a, are recognized for their divergent roles in myelination within the central nervous system. However, cluster-specific miRNA functions remain controversial as miRNAs within the same cluster have been suggested to function complementarily. This study aims to clarify the role of miR-23a/b clusters in myelination using mice with a miR-23a/b cluster deletion (KO mice), specifically in myelin expressing proteolipid protein (PLP). Inducible conditional KO mice were generated by crossing miR-23a/b clusterflox/flox mice with PlpCre-ERT2 mice; the offspring were injected with tamoxifen at 10 days or 10 weeks of age to induce a myelin-specific miR-23a/b cluster deletion. Evaluation was performed at 10 weeks or 12 months of age and compared with control mice that were not treated with tamoxifen. KO mice exhibit impaired motor function and hypoplastic myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord at 10 weeks and 12 months of age. Simultaneously, significant decreases in myelin basic protein (MBP) and PLP expression occur in KO mice. The percentages of oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes are consistent between the KO and control mice. However, the proportion of oligodendrocytes expressing MBP is significantly lower in KO mice. Moreover, changes in protein expression occur in KO mice, with increased leucine zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 expression, decreased R-RAS expression, and decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. These findings highlight the significant influence of miR-23a/b clusters on myelination during postnatal growth and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Naosuke Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Yuji Tsuchikawa
- Orthopedics and Micro-Surgical Spine Center, Hiroshima City North Medical Center Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima 731-0293, Japan;
| | - Toshio Nakamae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
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3
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Fekete CD, Nishiyama A. Presentation and integration of multiple signals that modulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1041853. [PMID: 36451655 PMCID: PMC9701731 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is critical for fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Recent studies have revealed that myelin is not a static structure as previously considered but continues to be made and remodeled throughout adulthood in tune with the network requirement. Synthesis of new myelin requires turning on the switch in oligodendrocytes (OL) to initiate the myelination program that includes synthesis and transport of macromolecules needed for myelin production as well as the metabolic and other cellular functions needed to support this process. A significant amount of information is available regarding the individual intrinsic and extrinsic signals that promote OL commitment, expansion, terminal differentiation, and myelination. However, it is less clear how these signals are made available to OL lineage cells when needed, and how multiple signals are integrated to generate the correct amount of myelin that is needed in a given neural network state. Here we review the pleiotropic effects of some of the extracellular signals that affect myelination and discuss the cellular processes used by the source cells that contribute to the variation in the temporal and spatial availability of the signals, and how the recipient OL lineage cells might integrate the multiple signals presented to them in a manner dialed to the strength of the input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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4
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Huang H, He W, Tang T, Qiu M. Immunological Markers for Central Nervous System Glia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 39:379-392. [PMID: 36028641 PMCID: PMC10043115 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Wanjun He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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5
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Huang H, Wu H, He W, Zhou F, Yu X, Yi M, Du J, Xie B, Qiu M. Id2 and Id4 are not the major negative regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation during early central nervous system development. Glia 2021; 70:590-601. [PMID: 34889481 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin sheathes ensure the rapid conduction of neural impulse and provide nutritional support for neurons. Myelin sheathes are formed by differentiated oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system. During OL development, the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature OLs is controlled by both positive differentiation factors (drivers) and negative regulatory factors (brakes). Previous studies have suggested Id2 and Id4 as the key negative factors for OL differentiation. However, these conclusions were mainly based on in vitro studies and the reported OL phenotype in Id4 mutants appear to be mild. In this study, we systematically investigated the in vivo function of Id2 and Id4 genes in OL differentiation in their genetic mutants and in embryonic chicken spinal cord. Our results showed that disruption of Id4 has no effect on OL differentiation and maturation, whereas Id2 mutants and Id2/Id4 compound mutants display a mild and transient precocity of OL differentiation. In agreement with these loss-of-function studies, Id2, but not Id4, is weakly expressed in OPCs. Despite their minor roles in OL differentiation, forced expression of Id2 and Id4 in embryonic chicken spinal cords strongly inhibit the differentiation of OPCs. Taken together, our detailed functional and expressional studies strongly suggest that Id2 and Id4 are not the major in vivo repressors of OPC differentiation during animal development, shedding new light on the molecular regulation of early OL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianxian Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Hu N, Zou L. Multiple functions of Hes genes in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151848. [PMID: 34715307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The HES proteins (hairy and Enhancer of split (E(spl)) homologs) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Family members HES1, 3, and 5 are all critical regulators of nervous system development. The Hes genes exhibit oscillatory expression levels, and this dynamic expression allows for the complex regulation of numerous downstream genes such as Ascl1, Neurog2, Olig2 involved in the differentiation of specific cell types. In addition, HES proteins act as hubs for the molecule crosstalk among Notch, Wnt, and other signaling pathways that regulate nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Shao Q, Zhao M, Pei W, Pu Y, Liu M, Liu W, Yu Z, Chen K, Liu H, Deng B, Cao L. Pinocembrin Promotes OPC Differentiation and Remyelination via the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1314-1324. [PMID: 34091810 PMCID: PMC8423946 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exacerbation of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is closely associated with obstruction of the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). To discover novel therapeutic compounds for enhancing remyelination by endogenous OPCs, we screened for myelin basic protein expression using cultured rat OPCs and a library of small-molecule compounds. One of the most effective drugs was pinocembrin, which remarkably promoted OPC differentiation and maturation without affecting cell proliferation and survival. Based on these in vitro effects, we further assessed the therapeutic effects of pinocembrin in animal models of demyelinating diseases. We demonstrated that pinocembrin significantly ameliorated the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and enhanced the repair of demyelination in lysolectin-induced lesions. Further studies indicated that pinocembrin increased the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Taken together, our results demonstrated that pinocembrin promotes OPC differentiation and remyelination through the phosphorylated mTOR pathway, and suggest a novel therapeutic prospect for this natural flavonoid product in treating demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Changhai Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The 983rd Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Forces of the PLA, Tianjin, 300142, China
| | - Wenwen Pei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongwang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The 988th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Forces of the PLA, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Benqiang Deng
- Changhai Stroke Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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8
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Jiang T, Sun S, Chen Y, Qian Y, Guo J, Dai R, An D. Microbial diversity characteristics and the influence of environmental factors in a large drinking-water source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144698. [PMID: 33493910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the influence of environmental factors on the microbial community in water sources is crucial, it is seldom evaluated. The seasonal relationship between microbial diversity of bacteria and fungi and environmental factors was investigated in a large drinking-water reservoir using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Forty-one bacterial phyla and nine fungal phyla were analyzed in the Qingcaosha Reservoir, Shanghai, China. The predominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria, with the maximum relative abundance of 46%, 36.6%, 16.1%, and 14.9%, respectively. Actinobacteria were observed to be the predominant bacterial phylum during spring and summer. The maximum relative abundance of unclassified fungi appeared in summer (98.8%), which was higher than that of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (11.7% and 8.2%, respectively). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed that the structural similarity in the bacterial community was greater during summer and winter; however, the fungal community exhibited a greater similarity during spring and summer. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB), an olfactory compound produced by microorganisms, was detected at a concentration of 8.97 ng/L during summer, which was slightly lower than the olfactory threshold (10 ng/L). The positive correlation between Actinobacteria and unclassified fungi and 2-MIB (p < 0.05) confirmed that Actinobacteria and unclassified fungi produced 2-MIB. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 1.48-1.94 mg/L, and the maximum concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 2.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Chloroflexi were negatively correlated with COD (p < 0.05) but positively correlated with TP (p < 0.01). Nitrospirae were negatively correlated with COD (p < 0.05), but positively correlated with TN (p < 0.05). Among the classified fungi, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota (p < 0.05), and Chytridiomycota (p < 0.01) were positively correlated with TP. Therefore, the relative abundance of predominant bacteria was affected by various environmental factors; however, fungi were mainly influenced by TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Sainan Sun
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yunkun Qian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Ruihua Dai
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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HIFα Regulates Developmental Myelination Independent of Autocrine Wnt Signaling. J Neurosci 2020; 41:251-268. [PMID: 33208471 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0731-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing CNS is exposed to physiological hypoxia, under which hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is stabilized and plays a crucial role in regulating neural development. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of HIFα in developmental myelination remain incompletely understood. A previous concept proposes that HIFα regulates CNS developmental myelination by activating the autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, by analyzing a battery of genetic mice of both sexes, we presented in vivo evidence supporting an alternative understanding of oligodendroglial HIFα-regulated developmental myelination. At the cellular level, we found that HIFα was required for developmental myelination by transiently controlling upstream OPC differentiation but not downstream oligodendrocyte maturation and that HIFα dysregulation in OPCs but not oligodendrocytes disturbed normal developmental myelination. We demonstrated that HIFα played a minor, if any, role in regulating canonical Wnt signaling in the oligodendroglial lineage or in the CNS. At the molecular level, blocking autocrine Wnt signaling did not affect HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation and myelination. We further identified HIFα-Sox9 regulatory axis as an underlying molecular mechanism in HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation. Our findings support a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated CNS myelination from the previous Wnt-dependent view to a Wnt-independent one and unveil a previously unappreciated HIFα-Sox9 pathway in regulating OPC differentiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Promoting disturbed developmental myelination is a promising option in treating diffuse white matter injury, previously called periventricular leukomalacia, a major form of brain injury affecting premature infants. In the developing CNS, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is a key regulator that adapts neural cells to physiological and pathologic hypoxic cues. The role and mechanism of HIFα in oligodendroglial myelination, which is severely disturbed in preterm infants affected with diffuse white matter injury, is incompletely understood. Our findings presented here represent a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated developmental myelination and suggest the potential of intervening with an oligodendroglial HIFα-mediated signaling pathway to mitigate disturbed myelination in premature white matter injury.
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10
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Mei R, Fu J, Jiang C, Yang J, Zheng K, Yang A, Qiu M, Zhao X. TAPP1 Represses the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte and its Deficiency Accelerates Myelin Regeneration after Demyelinating Injuries. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:385-388. [PMID: 33190191 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Chunxia Jiang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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11
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Gholami S, Mirian M, Eftekhari SM, Aliomrani M. Apamin administration impact on miR-219 and miR-155-3p expression in cuprizone induced multiple sclerosis model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9013-9019. [PMID: 33174081 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease that attacks the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate miR-219 and miR-155-3p expression levels involved in the myelination process following the administration of apamin peptide in the model of multiple sclerosis disease. Forty-four 8 week C57BL/6 male mice (22 ± 5 g) randomly divided into six groups. Apamin (100 µg/kg/BW) was administered intraperitoneally as a co-treatment during phase I (demyelination) or post-treatment phase II (remyelination) twice a week in cuprizone induced MS model. At the end of study myelin content and microRNA expression levels were measured with LFB staining and quantitative Real-Time PCR method, respectively. It was observed that the intended microRNAs were dysregulated during the different phases of disease induction. After 6 weeks of cuprizone exposure, miR-219 downregulated in phase I in comparison with the negative control. On the other hand, the apamin co-treatment significantly inhibit the miR-155-3p upregulation during the phase I as compared with the cuprizone group (p < 0.0001). Apamin has more impact on the miR155-3p reduction in phase I than miR-219 elevation in phase II. It could be considered as a therapeutic option for decreasing plaque formation during the exacerbation phase of the MS disease. Apamin has more impact on the miR155-3p reduction in phase I than miR-219 elevation in phase II. It could be considered as a therapeutic option for decreasing plaque formation during the exacerbation phase of the MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Gholami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Room 117, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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12
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Mepyans M, Andrzejczuk L, Sosa J, Smith S, Herron S, DeRosa S, Slaugenhaupt SA, Misko A, Grishchuk Y, Kiselyov K. Early evidence of delayed oligodendrocyte maturation in the mouse model of mucolipidosis type IV. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044230. [PMID: 32586947 PMCID: PMC7406328 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene that encodes the endolysosomal transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1, or TRPML1. MLIV results in developmental delay, motor and cognitive impairments, and vision loss. Brain abnormalities include thinning and malformation of the corpus callosum, white-matter abnormalities, accumulation of undegraded intracellular 'storage' material and cerebellar atrophy in older patients. Identification of the early events in the MLIV course is key to understanding the disease and deploying therapies. The Mcoln1-/- mouse model reproduces all major aspects of the human disease. We have previously reported hypomyelination in the MLIV mouse brain. Here, we investigated the onset of hypomyelination and compared oligodendrocyte maturation between the cortex/forebrain and cerebellum. We found significant delays in expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers Mag, Mbp and Mobp in the Mcoln1-/- cortex, manifesting as early as 10 days after birth and persisting later in life. Such delays were less pronounced in the cerebellum. Despite our previous finding of diminished accumulation of the ferritin-bound iron in the Mcoln1-/- brain, we report no significant changes in expression of the cytosolic iron reporters, suggesting that iron-handling deficits in MLIV occur in the lysosomes and do not involve broad iron deficiency. These data demonstrate very early deficits of oligodendrocyte maturation and critical regional differences in myelination between the forebrain and cerebellum in the mouse model of MLIV. Furthermore, they establish quantitative readouts of the MLIV impact on early brain development, useful to gauge efficacy in pre-clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Mepyans
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Livia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jahree Sosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sierra Smith
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shawn Herron
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Samantha DeRosa
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert Misko
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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13
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Zhang C, Huang H, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Lu W, Qiu M. The transcription factor NKX2-2 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation through domain-specific interactions with transcriptional corepressors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1879-1888. [PMID: 31932307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain protein NK2 homeobox 2 (NKX2-2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the control of cell fate specification and differentiation in many tissues. In the developing central nervous system, this developmentally important transcription factor functions as a transcriptional repressor that governs oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin gene expression, but the roles of various NKX2-2 structural domains in this process are unclear. In this study, using in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and coimmunoprecipitation, we determined the structural domains that mediate the repressive functions of murine NKX2-2 and identified the transcriptional corepressors that interact with it in OL cells. Through in ovo electroporation in embryonic chicken spinal cords, we demonstrate that the N-terminal Tinman domain and C-terminal domain synergistically promote OL differentiation by recruiting distinct transcriptional corepressors, including enhancer of split Groucho 3 (GRG3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and DNA methyltransferase 3 α (DNMT3A). We also observed that the NK2-specific domain suppresses the function of the C-terminal domain in OL differentiation. These findings delineate the distinct NKX2-2 domains and their roles in OL differentiation and suggest that NKX2-2 regulates differentiation by repressing gene expression via multiple cofactors and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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14
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Xiao G, Du J, Wu H, Ge X, Xu X, Yang A, Zhu Y, Hu X, Zheng K, Zhu Q, Qiu M. Differential Inhibition of Sox10 Functions by Notch-Hes Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:653-662. [PMID: 31782037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, the terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Recent studies have suggested that the Notch-Hes signaling pathway influences the maturation of oligodendrocytes in culture and during development. However, the specific Notch receptors and their downstream effectors Hes genes that are involved in oligodendrocyte maturation have not been investigated systematically. In this study, we showed that Notch1 and Notch3 are expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during gliogenesis, and Hes5 is the major Notch downstream transcription factor that is transiently expressed in OPCs. Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes5 proteins in embryonic chicken spinal cord suppressed both the endogenous and Sox10-induced Mbp gene expression. Unexpectedly, overexpression of NICD/Hes5 did not inhibit Sox10 induction of Olig2 expression and Myrf induced Mbp expression, suggesting the differential inhibitory effects of NICD/Hes5 signaling on Sox10 activation of myelin-related genes and early progenitor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiu Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xinqi Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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15
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Chen TJ, Kula B, Nagy B, Barzan R, Gall A, Ehrlich I, Kukley M. In Vivo Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by the AMPA-Receptor Subunit GluA2. Cell Rep 2019; 25:852-861.e7. [PMID: 30355492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) remains enigmatic. We modified the properties of AMPARs at axon-OPC synapses in the mouse corpus callosum in vivo during the peak of myelination by targeting the GluA2 subunit. Expression of the unedited (Ca2+ permeable) or the pore-dead GluA2 subunit of AMPARs triggered proliferation of OPCs and reduced their differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Expression of the cytoplasmic C-terminal (GluA2(813-862)) of the GluA2 subunit (C-tail), a modification designed to affect the interaction between GluA2 and AMPAR-binding proteins and to perturb trafficking of GluA2-containing AMPARs, decreased the differentiation of OPCs without affecting their proliferation. These findings suggest that ionotropic and non-ionotropic properties of AMPARs in OPCs, as well as specific aspects of AMPAR-mediated signaling at axon-OPC synapses in the mouse corpus callosum, are important for balancing the response of OPCs to proliferation and differentiation cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jiun Chen
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ruxandra Barzan
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Gall
- Learning and Memory Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Learning and Memory Group, Hertie Institute for Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, IBBS, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Learning and Memory Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Learning and Memory Group, Hertie Institute for Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, IBBS, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Kukley
- Group of Neuron Glia Interaction, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been hypothesized to be a result of altered connectivity in the brain. Recent imaging studies suggest accelerated maturation of the white matter in young children with ASD, with underlying mechanisms unknown. Myelin is an integral part of the white matter and critical for connectivity; however, its role in ASD remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated myelin development in a model of idiopathic ASD, the BTBR mice. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that fiber tracts in the frontal brain of the BTBR mice had increased volume at postnatal day 6, but the difference reduced over time, reminiscent of the findings in young patients. We further identified that myelination in the frontal brain of both male and female neonatal BTBR mice was increased, associated with elevated levels of myelin basic protein. However, myelin pattern was unaltered in adult BTBR mice, revealing accelerated developmental trajectory of myelination. Consistently, we found that signaling of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was reduced in the frontal brain of neonatal BTBR mice. However, levels of microRNA species known to regulate PDGFRα signaling and myelination were unaltered. Together, these results suggest that precocious myelination could potentially contribute to increased volume and connectivity of the white matter observed in young children with ASD.
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17
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Li S, Zheng J, Chai L, Lin M, Zeng R, Lu J, Bian J. Rapid and Efficient Differentiation of Rodent Neural Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:79-93. [DOI: 10.1159/000499364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) may have beneficial effects in cell replacement therapy of neurodegenerative disease owing to their unique capability to differentiate into myelinogenic oligodendrocytes (OLs) in response to extrinsic signals. Therefore, it is of significance to establish an effective differentiation methodology to generate highly pure OPCs and OLs from some easily accessible stem cell sources. To achieve this goal, in this study, we present a rapid and efficient protocol for oligodendroglial lineage differentiation from mouse neural stem cells (NSCs), rat NSCs, or mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neuroepithelial stem cells. In a defined culture medium containing Smoothened Agonist, basic fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA, OPCs could be generated from the above stem cells over a time course of 4–6 days, achieving a cell purity as high as ∼90%. In particular, these derived OPCs showed high expandability and could further differentiate into myelin basic protein-positive OLs within 3 days or alternatively into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes within 7 days. Furthermore, transplantation of rodent NSC-derived OPCs into injured spinal cord indicated that it is a feasible strategy to treat spinal cord injury. Our results suggest a differentiation strategy for robust production of OPCs and OLs from rodent stem cells, which could provide an abundant OPC source for spinal cord injury.
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18
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Fang N, Cheng J, Zhang C, Chen K, Zhang C, Hu Z, Bi R, Furber KL, Thangaraj M, Nazarali AJ, Ji S. Sirt2 epigenetically down-regulates PDGFRα expression and promotes CG4 cell differentiation. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1095-1109. [PMID: 31020898 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1609818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that Sirt2 enhanced the outgrowth of cellular processes and MBP expression in CG4 cells, where Sirt2 expression is suppressed by transcription factor Nkx2.2. However, the detailed mechanism of Sirt2 facilitating oligodendroglial cell differentiation remained unclear. In the present study, we observed that Sirt2 partially translocated into the nuclei when CG4 cells were induced to differentiate. Sirt2 was detected at the CpG island of PDGFRα promoter via ChIP assay during the cells differentiation process rather than during the state of growth. Sirt2 deacetylated protein(s) bound to the promoter of PDGFRα and simultaneously appeared to facilitate histone3 K27 tri-methylation, both of which are suppressive signatures on gene transcription activation. In bisulfate assay, we identified that Sirt2 significantly induced DNA methylation of PDGFRα promoter compared with the control. Consistently, Sirt2 overexpression down-regulated PDGFRα expression in CG4 cells. The knock-down of PDGFRα or Sirt2 over-expression repressed cell proliferation, but knock-down of Sirt2 promoted cell proliferation. Taken together, Sirt2 translocated into the nuclei while the cells initiated a differentiation process, facilitating CG4 cell differentiation partially through epigenetic modification and suppression of PDGFRα expression. The repression of PDGFRα expression mediated by Sirt2 appeared to facilitate a transition of cellular processes, i.e. from a proliferating progenitor state to a post-mitotic state in CG4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China.,b Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng China
| | - Junjun Cheng
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Chu Zhang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Keyuan Chen
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Zichao Hu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Ran Bi
- c College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Kendra L Furber
- c College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Merlin Thangaraj
- c College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Adil J Nazarali
- c College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Basic Medical School, Henan University , Kaifeng , China.,b Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng China.,c College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Neuroscience Research Cluster , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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19
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Ge X, Xiao G, Huang H, Du J, Tao Y, Yang A, Wu H, Zhang Z, Qiu M. Stage-dependent regulation of oligodendrocyte development and enhancement of myelin repair by dominant negative Master-mind 1 protein. Glia 2019; 67:1654-1666. [PMID: 31038233 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling has been implicated in the inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin gene expression during early development. However, inactivation of a particular Notch or Hes gene only produces a mild phenotype in oligodendrocyte development possibly due to the functional redundancies among closely related family members. To uncover the full role of Notch signaling in myelin development and regeneration, we generated the Sox10rtTA/+ ; TetO-dnMAML1 double transgenic mice in which expression of dominant negative Master-mind 1 (dnMAML1) gene can be selectively induced in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for complete blockade of Notch signaling. It is found that dnMAML1 expression leads to robust precocious OL differentiation and premature axonal myelination in the spinal cord, possibly by upregulating Nkx2.2 and downregulating Pdgfra expression. Unexpectedly, at late embryonic stages, dnMAML1 expression dramatically increased the number of OPCs, indicating a stage-dependent effect of Notch signaling on OPC proliferation. In addition, dnMAML1 also significantly enhances axonal remyelination following chemical-induced demyelination, providing a promising therapeutic target for lesion repair in demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanxiu Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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20
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Jure I, De Nicola AF, Labombarda F. Progesterone effects on the oligodendrocyte linage: all roads lead to the progesterone receptor. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2029-2034. [PMID: 31397329 PMCID: PMC6788243 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new role has emerged for progesterone after discovering its potent actions away from reproduction in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. The aim of the present report is to discuss progesterone’s mechanisms of action involved in myelination, remyelination and neuroinflammation. The pivotal role of the classic progesterone receptor is described and evidence is compiled about progesterone’s direct effects on oligodendrocyte linage and its indirect effects on oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by decreasing the neuroinflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jure
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendocrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendocrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Labombarda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendocrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Jure I, De Nicola AF, Labombarda F. Progesterone effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation in injured spinal cord. Brain Res 2018; 1708:36-46. [PMID: 30527678 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord lesions result in chronic demyelination as a consequence of secondary injury. Although oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate the differentiation program fails. Successful differentiation implies progressive decrease of transcriptional inhibitors followed by upregulation of activators. Progesterone emerges as an anti-inflammatory and pro-myelinating agent which improves locomotor outcome after spinal cord injury. In this study, we have demonstrated that spinal cord injury enhanced oligodendrocyte precursor cell number and decreased mRNA expression of transcriptional inhibitors (Id2, Id4, hes5). However, mRNA expression of transcriptional activators (Olig2, Nkx2.2, Sox10 and Mash1) was down-regulated 3 days post injury. Interestingly, a differentiation factor such as progesterone increased transcriptional activator mRNA levels and the density of Olig2- expressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The differentiation program is regulated by extracellular signals which modify transcriptional factors and epigenetic players. As TGFβ1 is a known oligodendrocyte differentiation factor which is regulated by progesterone in reproductive tissues, we assessed whether TGFβ1 could mediate progesterone remyelinating actions after the lesion. Notwithstanding that astrocyte, oligodendrocyte precursor and microglial cell density increased after spinal cord injury, the number of these cells which expressed TGFβ1 remained unchanged regarding sham operated rats. However, progesterone treatment increased TGFβ1 mRNA expression and the number of astrocytes and microglial TGFβ1 expressing cells which would indirectly enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation. Therefore, TGFβ1 arises as a potential mediator of progesterone differentiating effects on oligodendrocyte linage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jure
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dept. of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 C1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Labombarda
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dept. of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 C1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Interactive Repression of MYRF Self-Cleavage and Activity in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation by TMEM98 Protein. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9829-9839. [PMID: 30249802 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0154-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is essential for the rapid propagation of action potentials in the vertebrate CNS. Myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) is one of the critical factors that control OL differentiation and myelin maintenance. Previous studies showed that MYRF is a membrane-bound transcription factor associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After self-cleavage, the N-fragment of MYRF is released from the ER and translocated into the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor to activate myelin gene expression. At present, it remains unknown whether MYRF self-cleavage and functional activation can be regulated during OL differentiation. Here, we report that TMEM98, an ER-associated transmembrane protein, is capable of binding to the C-terminal of MYRF and inhibiting its self-cleavage and N-fragment nuclear translocation. In the developing CNS, TMEM98 is selectively expressed in early maturing OLs in mouse pups of either sex. Forced expression of TMEM98 in embryonic chicken spinal cord of either sex suppresses endogenous OL differentiation and MYRF-induced ectopic expression of myelin genes. These results suggest that TMEM98, through inhibiting the self-cleavage of MYRF, functions as a negative feedback regulator of MYRF in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT MYRF protein is initially synthesized as an ER-associated membrane protein that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage to release the N-fragment, which is then transported into the nucleus and activates the transcription of myelin genes. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the self-cleavage and function of MYRF in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation have remained unknown. In this study, we present the molecular and functional evidence that TMEM98 membrane protein physically interacts with MYRF in the ER and subsequently blocks its self-cleavage, N-terminal nuclear translocation, and functional activation of myelin gene expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the regulation of MYRF self-proteolytic activity and function by an interacting protein, providing new insights into the molecular regulation of OL differentiation and myelinogenesis.
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Saeb S, Azari H, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Ghanbari A, Ebrahimi S, Mokarram P. 9-cis-Retinoic Acid and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 Improve the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells into Oligodendrocytes through the Inhibition of the Notch and Wnt Signaling Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:523-532. [PMID: 30214105 PMCID: PMC6123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes could be improved by inhibiting signaling pathways such as Wnt and Notch. 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) can ameliorate oligodendrogenesis. We investigated whether they could increase oligodendrogenesis by inhibiting the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. METHODS Cortical neural stem cells were isolated from 14-day-old rat embryos and cultured using the neurosphere assay. The cells were treated in 4 different conditions for 1 week: the negative control group received only the basic fibroblast growth factor, the positive control group received only T3 without growth factors, the RA group was treated with 9-cis-RA, and the Vit D3 group was treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. The effects of 9-cis-RA and 1,25(OH)2D3 on the level of the myelin basic protein (MBP) and the gene expression of the SOX10, MBP gene, HES5, and LRP6 were studied using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of the SOX10, MBP, and MBP gene were significantly increased in the treated groups compared with the negative control group; the increase was similar in the 9-cis-RA group and the positive control group. Furthermore, 9-cis-RA significantly decreased the expression of the HES5 gene, a Notch signaling pathway transcription factor, and 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced the expression of the LRP6 gene, a Wnt signaling pathway co-receptor. CONCLUSION It seems that 9-cis-RA and 1,25(OH)2D3 are good candidates to improve the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Saeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | | | - Amir Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ebrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
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24
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Li N, Han J, Tang J, Ying Y. IGFBP-7 inhibits the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4742-4750. [PMID: 29280192 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells that form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. Myelin sheath plays important role in nervous system and loss of it in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to impairment of movement. Understanding the signals and factors that regulate OL differentiation can help to address novel strategies for improving myelin repair in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 7 (IGFBP-7) in differentiating OL precursor cells (OPCs). It was found that oligodendrocyte precursors undergoing differentiation were accompanied by selective expression of IGFBP-7. In addition, knockdown of IGFBP-7 promoted differentiation of oligodendrocytes and increased formation of myelin in cultured cells. In contrast, excessive expression of IGFBP-7 inhibited differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of IGFBP-7 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells increased transcription of Wnt target genes and promoted β-Catenin nuclear translocation. These findings suggest that IGFBP-7 negatively regulates differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Jinzhou Maternal and Children Healthy Care Hospital, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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González-Fernández E, Jeong HK, Fukaya M, Kim H, Khawaja RR, Srivastava IN, Waisman A, Son YJ, Kang SH. PTEN negatively regulates the cell lineage progression from NG2 + glial progenitor to oligodendrocyte via mTOR-independent signaling. eLife 2018; 7:32021. [PMID: 29461205 PMCID: PMC5839742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming CNS glia, are highly vulnerable to cellular stresses, and a severe myelin loss underlies numerous CNS disorders. Expedited OL regeneration may prevent further axonal damage and facilitate functional CNS repair. Although adult OL progenitors (OPCs) are the primary players for OL regeneration, targetable OPC-specific intracellular signaling mechanisms for facilitated OL regeneration remain elusive. Here, we report that OPC-targeted PTEN inactivation in the mouse, in contrast to OL-specific manipulations, markedly promotes OL differentiation and regeneration in the mature CNS. Unexpectedly, an additional deletion of mTOR did not reverse the enhanced OL development from PTEN-deficient OPCs. Instead, ablation of GSK3β, another downstream signaling molecule that is negatively regulated by PTEN-Akt, enhanced OL development. Our results suggest that PTEN persistently suppresses OL development in an mTOR-independent manner, and at least in part, via controlling GSK3β activity. OPC-targeted PTEN-GSK3β inactivation may benefit facilitated OL regeneration and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz González-Fernández
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Hey-Kyeong Jeong
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Rabia R Khawaja
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Isha N Srivastava
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Shin H Kang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
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26
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Hou X, Zhang R, Wang J, Li Y, Li F, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhou L. CLC-2 is a positive modulator of oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4515-4523. [PMID: 29344669 PMCID: PMC5802228 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelin-forming cells that are present within the central nervous system. Impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation into mature OLs is a major cause of demyelination diseases. Therefore, identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms of OPC differentiation is crucial to understand the processes of myelination and demyelination. It has been acknowledged that various extrinsic and intrinsic factors are involved in the control of OPC differentiation; however, the function of ion channels, particularly the voltage-gated chloride channel (CLC), in OPC differentiation and myelination are not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that CLC-2 may be a positive modulator of OPC differentiation and myelination. Western blotting results revealed that CLC-2 was expressed in both OPCs and OLs. Furthermore, CLC-2 currents (ICLC-2) were recorded in both types of cells. The inhibition of ICLC-2 by GaTx2, a blocker of CLC-2, was demonstrated to be higher in OPCs compared with OLs, indicating that CLC-2 may serve a role in OL differentiation. The results of western blotting and immunofluorescence staining also demonstrated that the expression levels of myelin basic protein were reduced following GaTx2 treatment, indicating that the differentiation of OPCs into OLs was inhibited following CLC-2 inhibition. In addition, following western blot analysis, it was also demonstrated that the protein expression of the myelin proteins yin yang 1, myelin regulatory factor, Smad-interacting protein 1 and sex-determining region Y-box 10 were regulated by CLC-2 inhibition. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that CLC-2 may be a positive regulator of OPC differentiation and able to contribute to myelin formation and repair in myelin-associated diseases by controlling the number and open state of CLC-2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zheng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Thom M, Liu J, Bongaarts A, Reinten RJ, Paradiso B, Jäger HR, Reeves C, Somani A, An S, Marsdon D, McEvoy A, Miserocchi A, Thorne L, Newman F, Bucur S, Honavar M, Jacques T, Aronica E. Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors in epilepsy: dysplasia or neoplasia? Brain Pathol 2017; 28:155-171. [PMID: 28833756 PMCID: PMC5887881 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a new pattern of neuronal tumour included in the recently revised WHO 2016 classification of tumors of the CNS. There are 15 reports in the literature to date. They are typically associated with late onset epilepsy and a neoplastic vs. malformative biology has been questioned. We present a series of ten cases and compare their pathological and genetic features to better characterized epilepsy‐associated malformations including focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) and low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors (LEAT). Clinical and neuroradiology data were reviewed and a broad immunohistochemistry panel was applied to explore neuronal and glial differentiation, interneuronal populations, mTOR pathway activation and neurodegenerative changes. Next generation sequencing was performed for targeted multi‐gene analysis to identify mutations common to epilepsy lesions including FCDII and LEAT. All of the surgical cases in this series presented with seizures, and were located in the temporal lobe. There was a lack of any progressive changes on serial pre‐operative MRI and a mean age at surgery of 45 years. The vacuolated cells of the lesion expressed mature neuronal markers (neurofilament/SMI32, MAP2, synaptophysin). Prominent labelling of the lesional cells for developmentally regulated proteins (OTX1, TBR1, SOX2, MAP1b, CD34, GFAPδ) and oligodendroglial lineage markers (OLIG2, SMI94) was observed. No mutations were detected in the mTOR pathway genes, BRAF, FGFR1 or MYB. Clinical, pathological and genetic data could indicate that MVNT aligns more with a malformative lesion than a true neoplasm with origin from a progenitor neuro‐glial cell type showing aberrant maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thom
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Joan Liu
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy J Reinten
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK.,Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padua Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Hans Rolf Jäger
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Cheryl Reeves
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Alyma Somani
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Shu An
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Derek Marsdon
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WCN1BG, UK
| | - Andrew McEvoy
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anna Miserocchi
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lewis Thorne
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fay Newman
- Neurosurgery Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Sorin Bucur
- Neurosurgery Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tom Jacques
- Neuropathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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28
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Zhang Y, Hoxha E, Zhao T, Zhou X, Alvarez-Bolado G. Foxb1 Regulates Negatively the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:53. [PMID: 28725186 PMCID: PMC5496944 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), neurons and astrocytes share a neural progenitor cell (NPC) in the early ventricular zone (VZ) of the embryonic neuroepithelium. Both switch to produce either of the three cell types and the generation of the right number of them undergo complex genetic regulation. The components of these regulatory cascades vary between brain regions giving rise to the unique morphological and functional heterogeneity of this organ. Forkhead b1 (Foxb1) is a transcription factor gene expressed by NPCs in specific regions of the embryonic neuroepithelium. We used the mutant mouse line Foxb1-Cre to analyze the cell types derived from Fobx1-expressing NPCs (the Foxb1 cell lineage) from two restricted regions, the medulla oblongata (MO; hindbrain) and the thalamus (forebrain), of normal and Foxb1-deficient mice. Foxb1 cell lineage derivatives appear as clusters in restricted regions, including the MO (hindbrain) and the thalamus (forebrain). Foxb1-expressing NPCs produce mostly oligodendrocytes (OL), some neurons and few astrocytes. Foxb1-deficient NPCs generate mostly OPC and immature OL to the detriment of neurons, astrocytes and mature OL. The axonal G-ratio however is not changed. We reveal Foxb1 as a novel modulator of neuronal and OL generation in certain restricted CNS regions. Foxb1 biases NPCs towards neuronal generation and inhibits OPC proliferation while promoting their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany.,Department of Urology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Elti Hoxha
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xunlei Zhou
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
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29
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Shultz RB, Wang Z, Nong J, Zhang Z, Zhong Y. Local delivery of thyroid hormone enhances oligodendrogenesis and myelination after spinal cord injury. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:036014. [PMID: 28358726 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes apoptosis of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs) and demyelination of surviving axons, resulting in conduction failure. Remyelination of surviving denuded axons provides a promising therapeutic target for spinal cord repair. While cell transplantation has demonstrated efficacy in promoting remyelination and functional recovery, the lack of ideal cell sources presents a major obstacle to clinical application. The adult spinal cord contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells and multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into mature, myelinating OLs. However, endogenous oligodendrogenesis and remyelination processes are limited by the upregulation of remyelination-inhibitory molecules in the post-injury microenvironment. Multiple growth factors/molecules have been shown to promote OL differentiation and myelination. APPROACH In this study we screened these therapeutics and found that 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine (T3) is the most effective in promoting oligodendrogenesis and OL maturation in vitro. However, systemic administration of T3 to achieve therapeutic doses in the injured spinal cord is likely to induce hyperthyroidism, resulting in serious side effects. MAIN RESULTS In this study we developed a novel hydrogel-based drug delivery system for local delivery of T3 to the injury site without eliciting systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Using a clinically relevant cervical contusion injury model, we demonstrate that local delivery of T3 at doses comparable to safe human doses promoted new mature OL formation and myelination after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Shultz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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30
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Huang H, Teng P, Mei R, Yang A, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Qiu M. Tmeff2 is expressed in differentiating oligodendrocytes but dispensable for their differentiation in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:337. [PMID: 28336932 PMCID: PMC5428413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin elaborated by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS) is required for saltatory conduction of action potentials along neuronal axons. We found that TMEFF2, a transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains, is selectively expressed in differentiating/myelinating OLs. Previous studies showed that TMEFF2 is capable of binding to PDGFA, which plays important roles in the proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). However, molecular and genetic analysis revealed that Tmeff2 is a weak binder of PDGFA, and not required for OL differentiation and myelin gene expression in vivo. Together, our data suggested that Tmeff2 is specifically upregulated in OLs, but dispensable for OL differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Peng Teng
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- The College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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31
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Grishchuk Y, Peña KA, Coblentz J, King VE, Humphrey DM, Wang SL, Kiselyov KI, Slaugenhaupt SA. Impaired myelination and reduced brain ferric iron in the mouse model of mucolipidosis IV. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1591-601. [PMID: 26398942 PMCID: PMC4728313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal transient receptor potential ion channel mucolipin-1 (TRPML1). MLIV causes impaired motor and cognitive development, progressive loss of vision and gastric achlorhydria. How loss of TRPML1 leads to severe psychomotor retardation is currently unknown, and there is no therapy for MLIV. White matter abnormalities and a hypoplastic corpus callosum are the major hallmarks of MLIV brain pathology. Here, we report that loss of TRPML1 in mice results in developmental aberrations of brain myelination as a result of deficient maturation and loss of oligodendrocytes. Defective myelination is evident in Mcoln1(-/-) mice at postnatal day 10, an active stage of postnatal myelination in the mouse brain. Expression of mature oligodendrocyte markers is reduced in Mcoln1(-/-) mice at postnatal day 10 and remains lower throughout the course of the disease. We observed reduced Perls' staining in Mcoln1(-/-) brain, indicating lower levels of ferric iron. Total iron content in unperfused brain is not significantly different between Mcoln1(-/-) and wild-type littermate mice, suggesting that the observed maturation delay or loss of oligodendrocytes might be caused by impaired iron handling, rather than by global iron deficiency. Overall, these data emphasize a developmental rather than a degenerative disease course in MLIV, and suggest that there should be a stronger focus on oligodendrocyte maturation and survival to better understand MLIV pathogenesis and aid treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karina A Peña
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jessica Coblentz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Victoria E King
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel M Humphrey
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shirley L Wang
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kirill I Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Li H, Richardson WD. Evolution of the CNS myelin gene regulatory program. Brain Res 2015; 1641:111-121. [PMID: 26474911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized subcellular structure that evolved uniquely in vertebrates. A myelinated axon conducts action potentials many times faster than an unmyelinated axon of the same diameter; for the same conduction speed, the unmyelinated axon would need a much larger diameter and volume than its myelinated counterpart. Hence myelin speeds information transfer and saves space, allowing the evolution of a powerful yet portable brain. Myelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is controlled by a gene regulatory program that features a number of master transcriptional regulators including Olig1, Olig2 and Myrf. Olig family genes evolved from a single ancestral gene in non-chordates. Olig2, which executes multiple functions with regard to oligodendrocyte identity and development in vertebrates, might have evolved functional versatility through post-translational modification, especially phosphorylation, as illustrated by its evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine phospho-acceptor sites and its accumulation of serine residues during more recent stages of vertebrate evolution. Olig1, derived from a duplicated copy of Olig2 in early bony fish, is involved in oligodendrocyte development and is critical to remyelination in bony vertebrates, but is lost in birds. The origin of Myrf orthologs might be the result of DNA integration between an invading phage or bacterium and an early protist, producing a fusion protein capable of self-cleavage and DNA binding. Myrf seems to have adopted new functions in early vertebrates - initiation of the CNS myelination program as well as the maintenance of mature oligodendrocyte identity and myelin structure - by developing new ways to interact with DNA motifs specific to myelin genes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Myelin Evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Chen Y, Mei R, Teng P, Yang A, Hu X, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Zhao X. TAPP1 inhibits the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via suppressing the Mek/Erk pathway. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:517-26. [PMID: 26242484 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Loss of the myelin sheath in demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases can lead to severe impairment of movement. Understanding the extracellular signals and intracellular factors that regulate OL differentiation and myelination during development can help to develop novel strategies for enhancing myelin repair in neurological disorders. Here, we report that TAPP1 was selectively expressed in differentiating OL precursor cells (OPCs). TAPP1 knockdown promoted OL differentiation and myelin gene expression in culture. Conversely, over-expression of TAPP1 in immature OPCs suppressed their differentiation. Moreover, TAPP1 inhibition in OPCs altered the expression of Erk1/2 but not AKT. Taken together, our results identify TAPP1 as an important negative regulator of OPC differentiation through the Mek/Erk signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Chen
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ruyi Mei
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Involvement of MeCP2 in Regulation of Myelin-Related Gene Expression in Cultured Rat Oligodendrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:176-84. [PMID: 26140854 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a multifunctional protein which binds to methylated CpG, mutation of which cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, Rett syndrome. MeCP2 can function as both transcriptional activator and repressor of target gene. MeCP2 regulate gene expression in both neuron and glial cells in central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of CNS, are required for normal functioning of neurons and are regulated by several transcription factors during their differentiation. In current study, we focused on the role of MeCP2 as transcription regulator of myelin genes in cultured rat oligodendrocytes. We have observed expression of MeCP2 at all stages of oligodendrocyte development. MeCP2 knockdown in cultured oligodendrocytes by small interference RNA (siRNA) has shown increase in myelin genes (myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP)), neurotrophin (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), and transcriptional regulator (YY1) transcripts level, which are involved in regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Further, we also found that protein levels of MBP, PLP, DM-20, and BDNF also significantly upregulated in MeCP2 knockdown oligodendrocytes. Our study suggests that the MeCP2 acts as a negative regulator of myelin protein expression.
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Sun S, Guo W, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Dai ZM. Dose-dependent regulation of oligodendrocyte specification by β-catenin signaling. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:271-3. [PMID: 25754147 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Sun
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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Lyubetska H, Zhang L, Kong J, Vrontakis M. An elevated level of circulating galanin promotes developmental expression of myelin basic protein in the mouse brain. Neuroscience 2015; 284:581-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yang W, Xiao L, Li C, Liu X, Liu M, Shao Q, Wang D, Huang A, He C. TIP30 inhibits oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation via cytoplasmic sequestration of Olig1. Glia 2014; 63:684-98. [PMID: 25530119 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is a prerequisite for both developmental myelination and adult remyelination in the central nervous system. The molecular mechanisms underlying OPC differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the thirty-kDa HIV-1 Tat interacting protein (TIP30) is a negative regulator in oligodendrocyte development. The TIP30(-/-) mice displayed an increased myelin protein level at postnatal day 14 and 21. By using a primary OPC culture system, we demonstrated that overexpression of TIP30 dramatically inhibited the stage progression of differentiating OPCs, while knockdown of TIP30 enhanced the differentiation of oligodendroglial cells remarkably. Moreover, overexpression of TIP30 was found to sequester the transcription factor Olig1 in the cytoplasm and weaken its nuclear translocation due to the interaction between TIP30 and Olig1, whereas knockdown of TIP30 led to more Olig1 localized in the nucleus in the initiation stage during OPC differentiation. In the cuprizone-induced demyelination model, there was a dramatic increase in NG2-expressing cells with nuclear location of Olig1 in the corpus callosum during remyelination. In contrast, within chronic demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis, TIP30 was abnormally expressed in NG2-expressing cells, and few nuclear Olig1 was observed in these cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that TIP30 plays a negative regulatory role in oligodendroglial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Peppard JV, Rugg CA, Smicker MA, Powers E, Harnish E, Prisco J, Cirovic D, Wright PS, August PR, Chandross KJ. High-content phenotypic screening and triaging strategy to identify small molecules driving oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:382-90. [PMID: 25394729 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114559490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the CNS and the primary cause of neurological disability in young adults. Loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes leads to neuronal dysfunction and death and is an important contributing factor to this disease. Endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which on differentiation are responsible for replacing myelin, are present in the adult CNS. As such, therapeutic agents that can stimulate OPCs to differentiate and remyelinate demyelinated axons under pathologic conditions may improve neuronal function and clinical outcome. We describe the details of an automated, cell-based, morphometric-based, high-content screen that is used to identify small molecules eliciting the differentiation of OPCs after 3 days. Primary screening was performed using rat CG-4 cells maintained in culture conditions that normally support a progenitor cell-like state. From a library of 73,000 diverse small molecules within the Sanofi collection, 342 compounds were identified that increased OPC morphological complexity as an indicator of oligodendrocyte maturation. Subsequent to the primary high-content screen, a suite of cellular assays was established that identified 22 nontoxic compounds that selectively stimulated primary rat OPCs but not C2C12 muscle cell differentiation. This rigorous triaging yielded several chemical series for further expansion and bio- or cheminformatics studies, and their compelling biological activity merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane V Peppard
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Catherine A Rugg
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi R&D, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | - Elaine Powers
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erica Harnish
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joy Prisco
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dragan Cirovic
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paul S Wright
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paul R August
- Lead Generation & Candidate Realization, Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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TGFβ signaling regulates the timing of CNS myelination by modulating oligodendrocyte progenitor cell cycle exit through SMAD3/4/FoxO1/Sp1. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7917-30. [PMID: 24899714 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0363-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on myelination has focused on identifying molecules capable of inducing oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in an effort to develop strategies that promote functional myelin regeneration in demyelinating disorders. Here, we show that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is crucial for allowing oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) cell cycle withdrawal, and therefore, for oligodendrogenesis and postnatal CNS myelination. Enhanced oligodendrogenesis and subcortical white matter (SCWM) myelination was detected after TGFβ gain of function, while TGFβ receptor II (TGFβ-RII) deletion in OPs prevents their development into mature myelinating OLs, leading to SCWM hypomyelination in mice. TGFβ signaling modulates OP cell cycle withdrawal and differentiation through the transcriptional modulation of c-myc and p21 gene expression, mediated by the interaction of SMAD3/4 with Sp1 and FoxO1 transcription factors. Our study is the first to demonstrate an autonomous and crucial role of TGFβ signaling in OL development and CNS myelination, and may provide new avenues in the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Hill RA, Nishiyama A. NG2 cells (polydendrocytes): listeners to the neural network with diverse properties. Glia 2014; 62:1195-210. [PMID: 24753030 PMCID: PMC4282324 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NG2 cells (polydendrocytes) are the fourth major non-neuronal cell type in the central nervous system parenchyma. They exhibit diverse properties, ranging from their well-established role as oligodendrocyte precursors to their ability to respond to neurotransmitters released by synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. The functional diversity of NG2 cells has prompted the question of whether they represent a single cellular entity or multiple distinct cell populations. This review first summarizes recent findings on the nature and mechanism underlying the diversity of NG2 cells with regard to their proliferative and differentiation behavior. This will be followed by a synopsis of observations on how their microenvironment, particularly neuronal activity, influences their dynamic behavior, and how these changes in NG2 cells could in turn influence neural function and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Boulanger JJ, Messier C. From precursors to myelinating oligodendrocytes: contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to white matter plasticity in the adult brain. Neuroscience 2014; 269:343-66. [PMID: 24721734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) are glial cells that metamorphose into myelinating oligodendrocytes during embryogenesis and early stages of post-natal life. OPCs continue to divide throughout adulthood and some eventually differentiate into oligodendrocytes in response to demyelinating lesions. There is growing evidence that OPCs are also involved in activity-driven de novo myelination of previously unmyelinated axons and myelin remodeling in adulthood. In this review, we summarize the interwoven factors and cascades that promote the activation, recruitment and differentiation of OPCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes in the adult brain based mostly on results found in the study of demyelinating diseases. The goal of the review was to draw a complete picture of the transformation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes to facilitate the study of this transformation in both the normal and diseased adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Messier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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GSK3β promotes the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via β-catenin-mediated transcriptional regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:507-19. [PMID: 24691545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are generated by the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The failure of OPC differentiation is a major cause of demyelinating diseases; thus, identifying the molecular mechanisms that affect OPC differentiation is critical for understanding the myelination process and repairing after demyelination. Although prevailing evidence shows that OPC differentiation is a highly coordinated process controlled by multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as growth factors, axon signals, and transcription factors, the intracellular signaling in OPC differentiation is still unclear. Here, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is an essential positive modulator of OPC differentiation. Both pharmacologic inhibition and knockdown of GSK3β remarkably suppressed OPC differentiation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assays and Ki67 staining showed that the effect of GSK3β on OPC differentiation was not via cell death. Conversely, activated GSK3β was sufficient to promote OPC differentiation. Our results also demonstrated that the transcription of myelin genes was regulated by GSK3β inhibition, accompanying accumulated nuclear β-catenin, and reduced the expression of transcriptional factors that are relevant to the expression of myelin genes. Taken together, our study identified GSK3β as a profound positive regulator of OPC differentiation, suggesting that GSK3β may contribute to the inefficient regeneration of oligodendrocytes and myelin repair after demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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