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Zedde M, Grisendi I, Assenza F, Napoli M, Moratti C, Di Cecco G, Pavone C, Bonacini L, D'Aniello S, Pezzella FR, Romano A, Pavesi G, Valzania F, Pascarella R. Cerebellar mutism syndrome caused by bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage in adults: a case report and review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4161-4171. [PMID: 38724752 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a frequent complication of surgical intervention on posterior fossa in children. It has been only occasionally reported in adults and its features have not been fully characterized. In children and in young adults, medulloblastoma is the main reason for neurosurgery. A single case of postsurgical CMS is presented in an adult patient with a cerebellar hemorrhage and a systematic review of the published individual cases of CMS in adults was done. Literature review of individual cases found 30 patients, 18/30 (60%) males, from 20 to 71 years at diagnosis. All but one case was post-surgical, but in one of the post-surgical cases iatrogenic basilar artery occlusion was proposed as cause for CMS. The causes were: primary tumors of the posterior fossa in 16/22 (72.7%) metastasis in 3/30 (10%), ischemia in 3/30 (10%) cerebellar hemorrhage in 3/30 (10%), and benign lesions in 2/30 (6.7%) patients. 8/30 patients (26.7%) were reported as having persistent or incomplete resolution of CMS within 12 months. CMS is a rare occurrence in adults and spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage has been reported in 3/30 (10%) adult patients. The generally accepted hypothesis is that CMS results from bilateral damage to the dentate nucleus or the dentate-rubro-thalamic tract, leading to cerebro-cerebellar diaschisis. Several causes might contribute in adults. The prognosis of CMS is slightly worse in adults than in children, but two thirds of cases show a complete resolution within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Assenza
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Cecco
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pavone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Bonacini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Serena D'Aniello
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Romano
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pavesi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Pranjić M, Leung J, Tam KL, Polatajko H, Welsh T, Chau T, Thaut M. Children with developmental coordination disorder display atypical interhemispheric connectivity during conscious and subconscious rhythmic auditory-motor synchronization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19954. [PMID: 39198494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) display difficulties in perception-action coupling when engaging in tasks requiring predictive timing. We investigated the influence of awareness on auditory-motor adjustments to small and large rhythmic perturbations in the auditory sequence to examine whether children synchronize their movements automatically or through planning and whether those adjustments occur consciously or subconsciously. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to assess functional connectivity patterns underlying different adjustment strategies. Thirty-two children aged 7-11 participated, including children with DCD and their typically developing (TD) peers with and without musical training. All children automatically adjusted their motor responses to small rhythmic perturbations by employing the anticipatory mode, even when those changes were consciously undetectable. Planned adjustments occurred only when children consciously detected large fluctuations (Δ 20%), which required a shift from predictive to reactive strategies. Compared to TD peers, children with DCD showed reduced interhemispheric connectivity during planned adjustments and displayed similar neural patterns regardless of task constraints. Notably, they benefited from rhythmic entrainment despite having increased variability and lower perceptual acuity. Musical training was associated with enhanced auditory-perceptual timing, reduced variability, and increased interhemispheric coherence. These insights are important for the therapeutic application of auditory/rhythm-based interventions in children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pranjić
- Music and Health Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jason Leung
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ka Lun Tam
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helene Polatajko
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy Welsh
- Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Thaut
- Music and Health Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Castro-Pascual IC, Ferramola ML, Altamirano FG, Cargnelutti E, Devia CM, Delgado SM, Lacoste MG, Anzulovich AC. Circadian organization of clock factors, antioxidant defenses, and cognitive genes expression, is lost in the cerebellum of aged rats. Possible targets of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of age-related cerebellar disorders. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149195. [PMID: 39182901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive deficits, impaired locomotion, and gait disorders. Although oxidative stress and circadian disruption are involved in both normal aging and the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, just a very few studies explore the consequences of aging on circadian rhythms in the cerebellum. Here, we investigated age-dependent changes in the circadian organization of the molecular clock, antioxidant defenses and synaptic plasticity-related factors, in the rat cerebellum, and discussed the impact of that altered temporal organization on the cognitive function of this brain area. Particularly, we examined the circadian patterns of Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) protein levels, Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) gene expression, GPx and Catalase (CAT) enzymes activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and its Tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) circadian expression. Endogenously-driven circadian rhythms of BMAL1, GPx4, CAT, GSH, and Bdnf/TrkB factors, were observed in the young rat cerebellum. The rhythms' acrophases show a circadian organization that might be crucial for the daily cerebellar-dependent cognitive functions. Notably, aging disrupted circadian rhythms and the temporal organization of BMAL1, antioxidant defenses, and cognitive Bdnf/TrkB gene expression. Increased oxidative stress and disruption of clock-controlled rhythms during aging, might precede and cause the loss of circadian organization in the aged cerebellum. We expect our results highlight circadian rhythms of the studied factors as new targets for the treatment of age-dependent cerebellar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana L Ferramola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, IMIBIO-SL (CONICET-UNSL), Argentina.
| | | | - Ethelina Cargnelutti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, IMIBIO-SL (CONICET-UNSL), Argentina
| | - Cristina M Devia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, IMIBIO-SL (CONICET-UNSL), Argentina
| | - María G Lacoste
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, IMIBIO-SL (CONICET-UNSL), Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Chronobiology, IMIBIO-SL (CONICET-UNSL), Argentina.
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Colucci F, Stefanelli S, Contaldi E, Gozzi A, Marchetti A, Pugliatti M, Laudisi M, Antenucci P, Capone JG, Gragnaniello D, Sensi M. Cognition in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 (SCA1) and 2 (SCA2): A Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4880. [PMID: 39201022 PMCID: PMC11355496 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia patients has been reported since the early-disease stage. We aimed to assess cognitive differences in SCA1 and SCA2 patients. Methods: We performed neuropsychological (NPS) and neurophysiological (auditory event-related potentials, aERPs) assessments in 16 SCA1 and 18 SCA2 consecutive patients. Furthermore, clinical information (age at onset, disease duration, motor disability) was collected. Results: NPS tests yielded scores in the normal range in both groups but with lower scores in the Frontal Assessment Battery (p < 0.05) and Visual Analogue Test for Anosognosia for motor impairment (p < 0.05) in SCA1, and the Trail Making Test (p < 0.01), Raven's progressive matrices (p < 0.01), Stroop (p < 0.05), and emotion attribution tests (p < 0.05) in SCA2. aERPs showed lower N100 amplitude (p < 0.01) and prolonged N200 latency (p < 0.01) in SCA1 compared with SCA2. Clinically, SCA2 had more severe motor disability than SCA1 in the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Scale. Conclusions: SCA2 showed more significant difficulties in attentional, visuospatial, and emotional function, and greater motor impairment. In contrast, SCA1 showed less cognitive flexibility/phasic ability, probably affected by a more severe degree of dysarthria. The same group revealed less neural activity during nonconscious attentional processing (N100-N200 data), suggesting greater involvement of sensory pathways in discriminating auditory stimuli. NFS did not correlate with NPS findings, implying an independent relationship. However, the specific role of the cerebellum and cerebellar symptoms in NPS test results deserves more focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Colucci
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Stefanelli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (J.G.C.); (D.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Contaldi
- Centro Parkinson e Parkinsonismi, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Gozzi
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Alessia Marchetti
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Michele Laudisi
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Pietro Antenucci
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (M.L.); (P.A.)
| | - Jay Guido Capone
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (J.G.C.); (D.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (J.G.C.); (D.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariachiara Sensi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (J.G.C.); (D.G.); (M.S.)
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Asaridou SS, Cler GJ, Wiedemann A, Krishnan S, Smith HJ, Willis HE, Healy MP, Watkins KE. Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Children With Developmental Language Disorder. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 5:774-794. [PMID: 39175782 PMCID: PMC11338306 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle to learn their native language for no apparent reason. While research on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder has focused on the role of corticostriatal systems, little is known about the role of the cerebellum in DLD. Corticocerebellar circuits might be involved in the disorder as they contribute to complex sensorimotor skill learning, including the acquisition of spoken language. Here, we used diffusion-weighted imaging data from 77 typically developing and 54 children with DLD and performed probabilistic tractography to identify the cerebellum's white matter tracts: the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles. Children with DLD showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP), fiber tracts that carry motor and sensory input via the inferior olive to the cerebellum. Lower FA in DLD was driven by lower axial diffusivity. Probing this further with more sophisticated modeling of diffusion data, we found higher orientation dispersion but no difference in neurite density in the ICP of children with DLD. Reduced FA is therefore unlikely to be reflecting microstructural differences in myelination, rather the organization of axons in these pathways is disrupted. ICP microstructure was not associated with language or motor coordination performance in our sample. We also found no differences in the middle and superior peduncles, the main pathways connecting the cerebellum with the cortex. To conclude, it is not corticocerebellar but atypical olivocerebellar white matter connections that characterize DLD and suggest the involvement of the olivocerebellar system in speech and language acquisition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomi S. Asaridou
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel J. Cler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Wiedemann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saloni Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, UK
| | - Harriet J. Smith
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanna E. Willis
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Máiréad P. Healy
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate E. Watkins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tchetchenian A, Zekelman L, Chen Y, Rushmore J, Zhang F, Yeterian EH, Makris N, Rathi Y, Meijering E, Song Y, O'Donnell LJ. Deep multimodal saliency parcellation of cerebellar pathways: Linking microstructure and individual function through explainable multitask learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e70008. [PMID: 39185598 PMCID: PMC11345609 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parcellation of human cerebellar pathways is essential for advancing our understanding of the human brain. Existing diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography parcellation methods have been successful in defining major cerebellar fibre tracts, while relying solely on fibre tract structure. However, each fibre tract may relay information related to multiple cognitive and motor functions of the cerebellum. Hence, it may be beneficial for parcellation to consider the potential importance of the fibre tracts for individual motor and cognitive functional performance measures. In this work, we propose a multimodal data-driven method for cerebellar pathway parcellation, which incorporates both measures of microstructure and connectivity, and measures of individual functional performance. Our method involves first training a multitask deep network to predict various cognitive and motor measures from a set of fibre tract structural features. The importance of each structural feature for predicting each functional measure is then computed, resulting in a set of structure-function saliency values that are clustered to parcellate cerebellar pathways. We refer to our method as Deep Multimodal Saliency Parcellation (DeepMSP), as it computes the saliency of structural measures for predicting cognitive and motor functional performance, with these saliencies being applied to the task of parcellation. Applying DeepMSP to a large-scale dataset from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult study (n = 1065), we found that it was feasible to identify multiple cerebellar pathway parcels with unique structure-function saliency patterns that were stable across training folds. We thoroughly experimented with all stages of the DeepMSP pipeline, including network selection, structure-function saliency representation, clustering algorithm, and cluster count. We found that a 1D convolutional neural network architecture and a transformer network architecture both performed comparably for the multitask prediction of endurance, strength, reading decoding, and vocabulary comprehension, with both architectures outperforming a fully connected network architecture. Quantitative experiments demonstrated that a proposed low-dimensional saliency representation with an explicit measure of motor versus cognitive category bias achieved the best parcellation results, while a parcel count of four was most successful according to standard cluster quality metrics. Our results suggested that motor and cognitive saliencies are distributed across the cerebellar white matter pathways. Inspection of the final k = 4 parcellation revealed that the highest-saliency parcel was most salient for the prediction of both motor and cognitive performance scores and included parts of the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles. Our proposed saliency-based parcellation framework, DeepMSP, enables multimodal, data-driven tractography parcellation. Through utilising both structural features and functional performance measures, this parcellation strategy may have the potential to enhance the study of structure-function relationships of the cerebellar pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Tchetchenian
- Biomedical Image Computing Group, School of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Leo Zekelman
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | | | - Nikos Makris
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erik Meijering
- Biomedical Image Computing Group, School of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yang Song
- Biomedical Image Computing Group, School of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lauren J. O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Dentate Nucleus in Normal and Abnormal Cerebellar Function? Neurology 2024; 103:e209636. [PMID: 38954796 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
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8
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Rong L, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Xie Q, Liang Z, Zhao X. Altered Function and Structure of the Cerebellum Associated with Gut-Brain Regulation in Crohn's Disease: a Structural and Functional MRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01715-9. [PMID: 39096431 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This study employed structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate changes in the function and structure of the cerebellum associated with gut-brain axis (GBA) regulation in patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). The study comprised 20 CD patients, including 12 with active disease (CD-A) and 8 in remission (CD-R), as well as 21 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was utilized for structural analysis of cerebellar gray matter volume, while independent component analysis (ICA) was applied for functional analysis of cerebellar functional connectivity (FC). The results showed significant GMV reduction in the left posterior cerebellar lobe across all CD patients compared to HCs, with more pronounced differences in the CD-A subgroup. Additionally, an increase in mean FC of the cerebellar network was observed in all CD patients, particularly in the CD-A subgroup, which demonstrated elevated FC in the vermis and bilateral posterior cerebellum. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between cerebellar FC and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and a trend toward a negative association with the reciprocal of the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score in CD patients. The study's findings suggest that the cerebellum may play a role in the abnormal regulation of the GBA in CD patients, contributing to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying CD and highlighting the cerebellum's potential role in modulating gut-brain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghui Liang
- Department of Radiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Vásquez E, Oresti GM, Paez MD, Callegari EA, Masone D, Muñoz EM. Impact of aging on the GABA B receptor-mediated connectome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.606013. [PMID: 39131332 PMCID: PMC11312617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.606013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
GABA B receptors (GABABRs) are heterodimeric seven-transmembrane receptors that interact with a range of proteins and form large protein complexes on cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. As the brain ages, membrane cholesterol levels exhibit alterations, although it remains unclear how these changes impact protein-protein interactions and downstream signaling. Herein, we studied the structural bases for the interaction between GABABR and the KCC2 transporter, including their protein expression and distribution, and we compared data between young and aged rat cerebella. Also, we analyzed lipid profiles for both groups, and we used molecular dynamics simulations on three plasma membrane systems with different cholesterol concentrations, to further explore the GABABR-transporter interaction. Based on our results, we report that a significant decrease in GABAB2 subunit expression occurs in the aged rat cerebella. After performing a comparative co-immunoprecipitation analysis, we confirm that GABABR and KCC2 form a protein complex in adult and aged rat cerebella, although their interaction levels are reduced substantially as the cerebellum ages. On the other hand, our lipid analyses reveal a significant increase in cholesterol and sphingomyelin levels of the aged cerebella. Finally, we used the Martini coarse-grained model to conduct molecular dynamics simulations, from which we observed that membrane cholesterol concentrations can dictate whether the GABABR tail domains physically establish G protein-independent contacts with a transporter, and the timing when those associations eventually occur. Taken together, our findings illustrate how age-related alterations in membrane cholesterol levels affect protein-protein interactions, and how they could play a crucial role in regulating GABABR's interactome-mediated signaling. Significance Statement This study elucidates age-related changes in cerebellar GABAB receptors (GABABRs), KCC2, and plasma membrane lipids, shedding light on mechanisms underlying neurological decline. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal how membrane lipids influence protein-protein interactions, offering insights into age-related neurodegeneration. The findings underscore the broader impact of cerebellar aging on motor functions, cognition, and emotional processing in the elderly. By elucidating plasma membrane regulation and GABAergic dynamics, this research lays the groundwork for understanding aging-related neurological disorders and inspires further investigation into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vásquez
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M. Oresti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María D. Paez
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Callegari
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Estela M. Muñoz
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
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10
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Abstract
The cerebellum has a well-established role in controlling motor functions, including coordination, posture, and the learning of skilled movements. The mechanisms for how it carries out motor behavior remain under intense investigation. Interestingly though, in recent years the mechanisms of cerebellar function have faced additional scrutiny since nonmotor behaviors may also be controlled by the cerebellum. With such complexity arising, there is now a pressing need to better understand how cerebellar structure, function, and behavior intersect to influence behaviors that are dynamically called upon as an animal experiences its environment. Here, we discuss recent experimental work that frames possible neural mechanisms for how the cerebellum shapes disparate behaviors and why its dysfunction is catastrophic in hereditary and acquired conditions-both motor and nonmotor. For these reasons, the cerebellum might be the ideal therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Kim
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Detlef H Heck
- Center for Cerebellar Network Structure and Function in Health and Disease, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Program in Developmental Biology, and Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
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11
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Nicholas J, Amlang C, Lin CYR, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Desai N, Pan MK, Kuo SH, Shohamy D. The Role of the Cerebellum in Learning to Predict Reward: Evidence from Cerebellar Ataxia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1355-1368. [PMID: 38066397 PMCID: PMC11161554 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings in animals have challenged the traditional view of the cerebellum solely as the site of motor control, suggesting that the cerebellum may also be important for learning to predict reward from trial-and-error feedback. Yet, evidence for the role of the cerebellum in reward learning in humans is lacking. Moreover, open questions remain about which specific aspects of reward learning the cerebellum may contribute to. Here we address this gap through an investigation of multiple forms of reward learning in individuals with cerebellum dysfunction, represented by cerebellar ataxia cases. Nineteen participants with cerebellar ataxia and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed two separate tasks that required learning about reward contingencies from trial-and-error. To probe the selectivity of reward learning processes, the tasks differed in their underlying structure: while one task measured incremental reward learning ability alone, the other allowed participants to use an alternative learning strategy based on episodic memory alongside incremental reward learning. We found that individuals with cerebellar ataxia were profoundly impaired at reward learning from trial-and-error feedback on both tasks, but retained the ability to learn to predict reward based on episodic memory. These findings provide evidence from humans for a specific and necessary role for the cerebellum in incremental learning of reward associations based on reinforcement. More broadly, the findings suggest that alongside its role in motor learning, the cerebellum likely operates in concert with the basal ganglia to support reinforcement learning from reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nicholas
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, Quad 3D, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Christian Amlang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th St, Rm 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chi-Ying R Lin
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Natasha Desai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th St, Rm 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cerebellar Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 W. 168th St, Rm 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, Quad 3D, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Mastrangelo S, Peruzzi L, Guido A, Iuvone L, Attinà G, Romano A, Maurizi P, Chieffo DPR, Ruggiero A. The Role of the Cerebellum in Advanced Cognitive Processes in Children. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1707. [PMID: 39200172 PMCID: PMC11351585 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, a growing body of evidence from anatomical, physiological, and functional neuroimaging studies has increasingly indicated that the cerebellum is actively involved in managing higher order cognitive functions and regulating emotional responses. It has become clear that when children experience congenital or acquired cerebellar lesions, these injuries can lead to a variety of cognitive and emotional disorders, manifesting in different combinations. This underscores the cerebellum's essential role not only throughout developmental stages but particularly in facilitating learning processes, highlighting its critical importance beyond its traditional association with motor control. Furthermore, the intricate neural circuits within the cerebellum are believed to contribute to the fine-tuning of motor actions and coordination but are also increasingly recognized for their involvement in cognitive processes such as attention, language, and problem solving. Recent research has highlighted the importance of cerebellar health and integrity for optimal functioning across various domains of the human experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Peruzzi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Guido
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Iuvone
- IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, 50143 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Alberto Romano
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.); (A.G.); (G.A.); (A.R.); (P.M.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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13
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Gittis AH, Sillitoe RV. Circuit-Specific Deep Brain Stimulation Provides Insights into Movement Control. Annu Rev Neurosci 2024; 47:63-83. [PMID: 38424473 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-092823-104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a method in which electrical stimulation is delivered to specific areas of the brain, is an effective treatment for managing symptoms of a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical access to neural circuits during DBS provides an opportunity to study the functional link between neural circuits and behavior. This review discusses how the use of DBS in Parkinson's disease and dystonia has provided insights into the brain networks and physiological mechanisms that underlie motor control. In parallel, insights from basic science about how patterns of electrical stimulation impact plasticity and communication within neural circuits are transforming DBS from a therapy for treating symptoms to a therapy for treating circuits, with the goal of training the brain out of its diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn H Gittis
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Departments of Neuroscience, Pathology & Immunology, and Pediatrics; and Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Guan Y, Li J, Wei Y, Shi PT, Yang C, Yun X, Quan Q, Wang WJ, Yu XG, Wei M. Brain functional connectivity alterations in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148956. [PMID: 38657888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroimaging have illustrated that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries could impact the central nervous system (CNS), causing neuroplastic changes in the brain beyond the traditionally understood biomechanical consequences. While most of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have focused on localized cortical activity changes post-injury, emerging research has suggested disruptions in functional connectivity across the brain. However, these prior investigations, albeit pioneering, have been constrained by two limitations: a reliance on small-sample participant cohorts, often limited to two to three patients, potentially limiting the generalizability of findings, and an adherence to region of interest based analysis, which may overlook broader network interactions. To address these limitations, our study employed resting-state fMRI to assess whole-brain functional connectivity in 15 ACL-injured patients, comparing them to matched controls using two distinct network analysis methods. Using Network-Based Statistics, we identified widespread reductions in connectivity that spanned across multiple brain regions. Further modular connectivity analysis showed significant decreases in inter-modular connectivity between the sensorimotor and cerebellar modules, and intra-modular connectivity within the default-mode network in ACL-injured patients. Our results thus highlight a shift from localized disruptions to network-wide dysfunctions, suggesting that ACL injuries induce widespread CNS changes. This enhanced understanding has the potential to stimulate the development of strategies aiming to restore functional connectivity and improve recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xing Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin-Guang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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15
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Lv S, Tai H, Sun J, Zhuo Z, Duan Y, Liu S, Wang A, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Mapping macrostructural and microstructural brain alterations in patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:1373-1382. [PMID: 38866958 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare complex neurodegenerative disorder presents with various radiological features. The study aimed to investigate the structural abnormalities in NIID using multi-shell diffusion MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with adult-onset NIID and 32 healthy controls were included. Volumetric and diffusion MRI measures, including volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), orientation dispersion index (ODI), and isotropic volume fraction (ISOVF) of six brain structures, including cortex, subcortical GM, cerebral WM, cerebellar GM and WM, and brainstem, were obtained and compared between NIID and healthy controls. Associations between MRI measures and clinical variables were investigated. RESULTS Brain lesions of NIID included corticomedullary junction lesions on DWI, confluent leukoencephalopathy, lesions on callosum, cerebellar middle peduncle, cerebellar paravermal area and brainstem, and brain atrophy. Compared to healthy controls, NIID showed extensive volume loss of all the six brain regions (all p < 0.001); lower FA in cerebral WM (p < 0.001); higher MD in all WM regions; lower ODI in cortex (p < 0.001); higher ODI in subcortical GM (p < 0.001) and brainstem (p = 0.016); lower ICVF in brainstem (p = 0.001), and cerebral WM (p < 0.001); higher ISOVF in all the brain regions (p < 0.001). Higher MD of cerebellar WM was associated with worse cognitive level as evaluated by MoCA scores (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS NIID patients demonstrated widespread brain atrophy but heterogeneous diffusion alterations. Cerebellar WM integrity impairment was correlated with the cognitive decline. The findings of the current study offer a sophisticated picture of brain structural alterations in NIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Tai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizheng Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Duan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaocheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaou Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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16
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Pike NA, Roy B, Cabrera-Mino C, Halnon NJ, Lewis AB, Shao X, Wang DJJ, Kumar R. Compromised Cerebral Arterial Perfusion, Altered Brain Tissue Integrity, and Cognitive Impairment in Adolescents with Complex Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:236. [PMID: 39195144 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11080236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) show brain tissue injuries in regions associated with cognitive deficits. Alteration in cerebral arterial perfusion (CAP), as measured by arterial transit time (ATT), may lead to perfusion deficits and potential injury. Our study aims to compare ATT values between CCHD patients and controls and assess the associations between ATT values, MD values, and cognitive scores in adolescents with CCHD. (2) Methods: 37 CCHD subjects, 14-18 years of age, who had undergone surgical palliation and 30 healthy controls completed cognitive testing and brain MRI assessments using a 3.0-Tesla scanner. ATT values and regional brain mean diffusivity [MD] were assessed for the whole brain using diffusion tensor imaging. (3) Results: The mean MoCA values [23.1 ± 4.1 vs. 28.1 ± 2.3; p < 0.001] and General Memory Index, with a subscore of WRAML2 [86.8 ± 15.4 vs. 110.3 ± 14.5; p < 0.001], showed significant cognitive deficits in CCHD patients compared to controls. The mean global ATT was significantly higher in CCHD patients versus controls (mean ± SD, s, 1.26 ± 0.11 vs. 1.19 ± 0.11, p = 0.03), respectively. The partial correlations between ATT values, MD values, and cognitive scores (p < 0.005) showed significant associations in areas including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortices, cerebellum, caudate, anterior and mid cingulate, insula, thalamus, and lingual gyrus. (4) Conclusions: Adolescents with CCHD had prolonged ATTs and showed correlation with clinical measurements of cognitive impairment and MRI measurements of brain tissue integrity. This suggests that altered CAP may play a role in brain tissue injury and cognitive impairment after surgical palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Pike
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Bhaswati Roy
- Departments of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Nancy J Halnon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alan B Lewis
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Radiological Sciences & Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Błaszczyk M, Ochwat K, Necka S, Kwiecińska M, Ostrowski P, Bonczar M, Żytkowski A, Walocha J, Mituś J, Koziej M. The Arterial Anatomy of the Cerebellum-A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 39199457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, a major feature of the hindbrain, lies posterior to the pons and medulla and inferior to the posterior part of the cerebrum. It lies beneath the tentorium cerebelli in the posterior cranial fossa and consists of two lateral hemispheres connected by the vermis. The cerebellum is primarily supplied by three arteries originating from the vertebrobasilar system: the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). However, variations of the cerebellar arteries may occur, such as duplication of the SCA, SCA creating a common trunk with the posterior cerebral artery, triplication of the AICA, and agenesis of PICA, amongst others. Knowledge of the arterial anatomy of the cerebellum is crucial, as inadequate blood supply to this region can result in diminished motor functioning, significantly impacting the quality of life for patients. The present study demonstrated the importance of adequate anatomical knowledge of the arteries supplying the cerebellum. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to gather articles on the anatomical characteristics and variations of the arterial supply of the cerebellum. It is the most comprehensive and up-to-date review available in the literature. The possible variations of these vessels may be clinically silent or present with clinical symptoms such as neurovascular compression syndromes of the cranial nerves and aneurysms. With a comprehensive understanding of the cerebellar arterial system, physicians can enhance their diagnostic and treatment capabilities, ultimately leading to more effective management of cerebellar vascular-related issues and other neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Błaszczyk
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kajetan Ochwat
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sandra Necka
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Kwiecińska
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Patryk Ostrowski
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Bonczar
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żytkowski
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 90-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mituś
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koziej
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikołaja Kopernika 12, 33-332 Kraków, Poland
- Youthoria, Youth Research Organization, 30-363 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Xue R, Tang X, Tang J, Zhang S, Liao X, Chen X, Li L, Li X. Climbing Fiber Activation Induced by Footshock in the Cerebellar Vermis Lobule IV/V of Freely Moving Mice. Physiol Res 2024; 73:449-459. [PMID: 39027961 PMCID: PMC11299787 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parallel fibers (PFs) in the cerebellar cortex are involved in a series of coordinated responses in the fear conditioning paradigm induced by footshock. However, whether footshock can activate cerebellar climbing fibers (CFs) remains unclear. In this study, we recorded calcium (Ca2+) activity in CFs by optical fiber photometry in the cerebellar vermis lobule IV/V of freely moving mice with footshock stimulation. We found that the activation of CFs in the lobule IV/V was highly correlated with footshock stimulation but not with the sound stimulation used as a control. This result suggests that afferent information from CFs might be associated with the motor initiation of fear-related behaviors or fear emotion itself. Thus, our results suggest that a characteristic CF signal in the cerebellar cortex might be related to fear processing or footshock-related behaviors (such as startle responses or pain sensation).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xue
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. or
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19
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Chen D, Liu C, Wang F, Li P, Wei Z, Nie D, Liu P, Liu H. Structure-function interrelationships and associated neurotransmitter profiles in drug-naïve benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes patients. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10954-7. [PMID: 39009880 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the interrelationships between structural and functional changes as well as the potential neurotransmitter profile alterations in drug-naïve benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECTS) patients. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional MRI data from 20 drug-naïve BECTS patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs) were acquired. Parallel independent component analysis (P-ICA) was used to identify covarying components among gray matter volume (GMV) maps and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) maps. Furthermore, we explored the spatial correlations between GMV/fALFF changes derived from P-ICA and neurotransmitter maps in JuSpace toolbox. RESULTS A significantly positive correlation (p < 0.001) was identified between one structural component (GMV_IC6) and one functional component (fALFF_IC4), which showed significant group differences between drug-naïve BECTS patients and HCs (GMV_IC6: p < 0.01; fALFF_IC4: p < 0.001). GMV_IC6 showed increased GMV in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, thalamus, and precentral gyrus as well as fALFF_IC4 had enhanced fALFF in the cerebellum in drug-naïve BECTS patients compared to HCs. Moreover, significant correlations between GMV alterations in GMV_IC6 and the serotonin (5HT1a: p < 0.001; 5HT2a: p < 0.001), norepinephrine (NAT: p < 0.001) and glutamate systems (mGluR5: p < 0.001) as well as between fALFF alterations in fALFF_IC4 and the norepinephrine system (NAT: p < 0.001) were detected. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest co-altered structural/functional components that reflect the correlation of language and motor networks as well as associated with the serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The relationship between anatomical brain structure and intrinsic neural activity was evaluated using a multimodal fusion analysis and neurotransmitters which might provide an important window into the multimodal neural and underlying molecular mechanisms of benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes. KEY POINTS Structure-function relationships in drug-naïve benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECTS) patients were explored. The interrelated structure-function components were found and correlated with the serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate systems. Co-altered structural/functional components reflect the correlation of language and motor networks and correlate with the specific neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoli Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingxin Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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20
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Xue M, Li J, Li X, Cui Z, Gao JH, Yang G. Heritability of functional gradients in the human subcortico-cortical connectivity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:854. [PMID: 38997510 PMCID: PMC11245549 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human subcortex plays a pivotal role in cognition and is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. However, the heritability of functional gradients based on subcortico-cortical functional connectivity remains elusive. Here, leveraging twin functional MRI (fMRI) data from both the Human Connectome Project (n = 1023) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 936) datasets, we construct large-scale subcortical functional gradients and delineate an increased principal functional gradient pattern from unimodal sensory/motor networks to transmodal association networks. We observed that this principal functional gradient is heritable, and the strength of heritability exhibits a heterogeneous pattern along a hierarchical unimodal-transmodal axis in subcortex for both young adults and children. Furthermore, employing a machine learning framework, we show that this heterogeneous pattern of the principal functional gradient in subcortex can accurately discern the relationship between monozygotic twin pairs and dizygotic twin pairs with an accuracy of 76.2% (P < 0.001). The heritability of functional gradients is associated with the anatomical myelin proxied by MRI-derived T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio mapping in subcortex. This study provides new insights into the biological basis of subcortical functional hierarchy by revealing the structural and genetic properties of the subcortical functional gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mufan Xue
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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21
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Nossa G, Monsivais H, Lee CG, Francis G, Wells EM, Park JH, Dydak U. Do toenail manganese and iron levels reflect brain metal levels or brain metabolism in welders? Neurotoxicology 2024; 104:45-55. [PMID: 39002648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of welding fumes can cause metal accumulation in the brain, leading to Parkinsonian-like symptoms. Metal accumulation and altered neurochemical profiles have been observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in highly exposed welders, being associated with decreased motor function and cognition. While MRI is impractical to use as a health risk assessment tool in occupational settings, toenail metal levels are easier to assess and have been demonstrated to reflect an exposure window of 7-12 months in the past. Yet, it is unclear whether toenail metal levels are associated with brain metal levels or changes in metabolism, which are the root of potential health concerns. This study investigates whether toenail manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) levels, assessed at several time points, correlate with brain Mn and Fe levels, measured by MRI, as well as brain GABA, glutamate (Glu), and glutathione (GSH) levels, measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), in seventeen Mn-exposed welders. Quantitative T1 and R2* MRI maps of the whole brain, along with GABA, Glu, and GSH MRS measurements from the thalamus and cerebellum were acquired at baseline (T0). Toenail clippings were collected at T0 and every three months after the MRI for a year to account for different exposure periods being reflected by toenail clippings and MRI. Spearman correlations of toenail metal levels were run against brain metal and metabolite levels, but no significant associations were found for Mn at any timepoint. Cerebellar GSH positively correlated with toenail Fe clipped twelve months after the MRI (p = 0.05), suggesting an association with Fe exposure at the time of the MRI. Neither thalamic GABA nor Glu correlated with toenail Fe levels. In conclusion, this study cannot support toenail Mn as a proxy for brain Mn levels or metabolic changes, while toenail Fe appears linked to brain metabolic alterations, underscoring the importance of considering other metals, including Fe, in studying Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Nossa
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Humberto Monsivais
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Grace Francis
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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22
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Mishra I, Feng B, Basu B, Brown AM, Kim LH, Lin T, Raza MA, Moore A, Hahn A, Bailey S, Sharp A, Bournat JC, Poulton C, Kim B, Langsner A, Sathyanesan A, Sillitoe RV, He Y, Chopra AR. The cerebellum modulates thirst. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01700-9. [PMID: 38987435 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellum, a phylogenetically ancient brain region, has long been considered strictly a motor control structure. Recent studies have implicated the cerebellum in cognition, sensation, emotion and autonomic function, making it an important target for further investigation. Here, we show that cerebellar Purkinje neurons in mice are activated by the hormone asprosin, leading to enhanced thirst, and that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of Purkinje neurons induces rapid manifestation of water drinking. Purkinje neuron-specific asprosin receptor (Ptprd) deletion results in reduced water intake without affecting food intake and abolishes asprosin's dipsogenic effect. Purkinje neuron-mediated motor learning and coordination were unaffected by these manipulations, indicating independent control of two divergent functions by Purkinje neurons. Our results show that the cerebellum is a thirst-modulating brain area and that asprosin-Ptprd signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for the management of thirst disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bijoya Basu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda M Brown
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda H Kim
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mir Abbas Raza
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Amelia Moore
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Abigayle Hahn
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Samantha Bailey
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Alaina Sharp
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Juan C Bournat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claire Poulton
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amos Langsner
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron Sathyanesan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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23
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Zhou D, Hua T, Tang H, Yang R, Huang L, Gong Y, Zhang L, Tang G. Gender and age related brain structural and functional alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae283. [PMID: 38997211 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of age and gender on the brain in children with autism spectrum disorder using magnetic resonance imaging. 185 patients with autism spectrum disorder and 110 typically developing children were enrolled. In terms of gender, boys with autism spectrum disorder had increased gray matter volumes in the insula and superior frontal gyrus and decreased gray matter volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus and thalamus. The brain regions with functional alterations are mainly distributed in the cerebellum, anterior cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and putamen. Girls with autism spectrum disorder only had increased gray matter volumes in the right cuneus and showed higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the paracentral lobule, higher regional homogeneity and degree centrality in the calcarine fissure, and greater right frontoparietal network-default mode network connectivity. In terms of age, preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited hypo-connectivity between and within auditory network, somatomotor network, and visual network. School-aged children with autism spectrum disorder showed increased gray matter volumes in the rectus gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, and suboccipital gyrus, as well as increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity in the calcarine fissure and precentral gyrus and decreased in the cerebellum and anterior cingulate gyrus. The hyper-connectivity between somatomotor network and left frontoparietal network and within visual network was found. It is essential to consider the impact of age and gender on the neurophysiological alterations in autism spectrum disorder children when analyzing changes in brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yujiao Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201103, China
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24
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Wan X, Zeng Y, Wang J, Tian M, Yin X, Zhang J. Structural and functional abnormalities and cognitive profiles in older adults with early-onset and late-onset focal epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae300. [PMID: 39052362 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the patterns of changes in structure, function, and cognitive ability in early-onset and late-onset older adults with focal epilepsy (OFE). This study first utilized the deformation-based morphometry analysis to identify structural abnormalities, which were used as the seed region to investigate the functional connectivity with the whole brain. Next, a correlation analysis was performed between the altered imaging findings and neuropsychiatry assessments. Finally, the potential role of structural-functional abnormalities in the diagnosis of epilepsy was further explored by using mediation analysis. Compared with healthy controls (n = 28), the area of reduced structural volume was concentrated in the bilateral cerebellum, right thalamus, and right middle cingulate cortex, with frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes also affected in early-onset focal epilepsy (n = 26), while late-onset patients (n = 31) displayed cerebellar, thalamic, and cingulate atrophy. Furthermore, correlation analyses suggest an association between structural abnormalities and cognitive assessments. Dysfunctional connectivity in the cerebellum, cingulate cortex, and frontal gyrus partially mediates the relationship between structural abnormalities and the diagnosis of early-onset focal epilepsy. This study identified structural and functional abnormalities in early-onset and late-onset focal epilepsy and explored characters in cognitive performance. Structural-functional coupling may play a potential role in the diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wan
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanwei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuyang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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25
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Fan B, Zhou X, Pang L, Long Q, Lv C, Zheng J. Aberrant functional hubs and related networks attributed to cognitive impairment in patients with anti‑N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate receptor encephalitis. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:104. [PMID: 38827495 PMCID: PMC11140295 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis results in severe neuropsychiatric symptoms and persistent cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. The present study utilized the degree centrality (DC), functional connectivity (FC) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to further explore neurofunctional symptoms in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. A total of 29 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled for neuropsychological assessment and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans. DC, FC and MVPA were examined to investigate cerebral functional activity and distinguish neuroimaging characteristics between the patient and HC groups based on the rs-fMRI data. Compared with the HCs, the patients exhibited cognitive deficits, anxiety and depression. In the DC analysis, the patients exhibited significantly decreased DC strength in the left rectus gyrus, left caudate nucleus (LCN) and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus, as well as increased DC strength in the cerebellar anterior lobe, compared with the HCs. In the subsequent FC analysis, the LCN showed decreased FC strength in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and right precuneus. Furthermore, correlation analysis indicated that disrupted cerebral functional activity was significantly correlated with the alerting effect and Hamilton Depression Scale score. Using DC maps and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the MVPA classifier exhibited an area under curve of 0.79, and the accuracy classification rate was 76.36%, with a sensitivity of 79.31% and a specificity of 78.18%. The present study revealed that the disrupted functional activity of hub and related networks in the cerebellum, including the default mode network and executive control network, contributed to deficits in cognition and emotion in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In conclusion, the present study provided imaging evidence and primary diagnostic markers for pathological and compensatory mechanisms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, with the aim of improving the understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qijia Long
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Caitiao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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26
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Dusi N, Esposito CM, Delvecchio G, Prunas C, Brambilla P. Case report and systematic review of cerebellar vermis alterations in psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:223-231. [PMID: 38266159 PMCID: PMC11136271 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar alterations, including both volumetric changes in the cerebellar vermis and dysfunctions of the corticocerebellar connections, have been documented in psychotic disorders. Starting from the clinical observation of a bipolar patient with cerebellar hypoplasia, the purpose of this review is to summarize the data in the literature about the association between hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and psychotic disorders [schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD)]. METHODS A bibliographic search on PubMed has been conducted, and 18 articles were finally included in the review: five used patients with BD, 12 patients with SCZ and one subject at psychotic risk. RESULTS For SCZ patients and subjects at psychotic risk, the results of most of the reviewed studies seem to suggest a gray matter volume reduction coupled with an increase in white matter volumes in the cerebellar vermis, compared to healthy controls. Instead, the results of the studies on BD patients are more heterogeneous with evidence showing a reduction, no difference or even an increase in cerebellar vermis volume compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS From the results of the reviewed studies, a possible correlation emerged between cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and psychotic disorders, especially SCZ, ultimately supporting the hypothesis of psychotic disorders as neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | | | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
- Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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27
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Haneda A, Hoots JK, Hagy HA, Lacy M. Case report: Neuropsychological assessment in a patient with 4H leukodystrophy. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1272-1289. [PMID: 37974060 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2279697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: POLR3-HLD or 4H leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and caused by variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, or POLR3K genes. Neurological and non-neurological clinical features and disease severity vary. While previous studies reference variable cognition, this is the first report of 4H detailing a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Method: The current study presents a 20-year-old, English-speaking, right-handed, non-Hispanic White female with 12 years of education with genetically confirmed 4H POLR3B-related leukodystrophy without hormonal replacement treatment. Results: At age 4, developmental delays, ataxia, hearing loss, and abnormal dentition were present. Imaging, endocrinology, and neurologic examinations revealed hypomyelination, reduced cerebellar volume, delayed bone age density, osteopenia, and evidence of adrenarche without signs of true puberty. Neuropsychological assessment at age 20 revealed global cognitive impairment with intellectual, attention, verbal memory retrieval, construction, executive (e.g. processing speed, sustained attention) and math computation deficits, along with behavioral dysregulation. Conclusion: We present the first detailed neuropsychological assessment of a patient with 4H leukodystrophy. The neuropsychological assessment revealed cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive deficits aligning with hypomyelination observed on imaging. Further longitudinal studies are needed to shed light on the neurobehavioral presentation associated with this disorder to assist care providers, patients, and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Haneda
- Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer K Hoots
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah A Hagy
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
- Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Lacy
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
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Winter S, Mahzarnia A, Anderson RJ, Han ZY, Tremblay J, Stout J, Moon HS, Marcellino D, Dunson DB, Badea A. APOE, Immune Factors, Sex, and Diet Interact to Shape Brain Networks in Mouse Models of Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.04.560954. [PMID: 39005377 PMCID: PMC11244909 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents complex challenges due to its multifactorial nature, poorly understood etiology, and late detection. The mechanisms through which genetic, fixed and modifiable risk factors influence susceptibility to AD are under intense investigation, yet the impact of unique risk factors on brain networks is difficult to disentangle, and their interactions remain unclear. To model multiple risk factors including APOE genotype, age, sex, diet, and immunity we leveraged mice expressing the human APOE and NOS2 genes, conferring a reduced immune response compared to mouse Nos2. Employing graph analyses of brain connectomes derived from accelerated diffusion-weighted MRI, we assessed the global and local impact of risk factors in the absence of AD pathology. Aging and a high-fat diet impacted extensive networks comprising AD-vulnerable regions, including the temporal association cortex, amygdala, and the periaqueductal gray, involved in stress responses. Sex impacted networks including sexually dimorphic regions (thalamus, insula, hypothalamus) and key memory-processing areas (fimbria, septum). APOE genotypes modulated connectivity in memory, sensory, and motor regions, while diet and immunity both impacted the insula and hypothalamus. Notably, these risk factors converged on a circuit comprising 63 of 54,946 total connections (0.11% of the connectome), highlighting shared vulnerability amongst multiple AD risk factors in regions essential for sensory integration, emotional regulation, decision making, motor coordination, memory, homeostasis, and interoception. These network-based biomarkers hold translational value for distinguishing high-risk versus low-risk participants at preclinical AD stages, suggest circuits as potential therapeutic targets, and advance our understanding of network fingerprints associated with AD risk. Significance Statement Current interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) do not provide a cure, and are delivered years after neuropathological onset. Addressing the impact of risk factors on brain networks holds promises for early detection, prevention, and revealing putative therapeutic targets at preclinical stages. We utilized six mouse models to investigate the impact of factors, including APOE genotype, age, sex, immunity, and diet, on brain networks. Large structural connectomes were derived from high resolution compressed sensing diffusion MRI. A highly parallelized graph classification identified subnetworks associated with unique risk factors, revealing their network fingerprints, and a common network composed of 63 connections with shared vulnerability to all risk factors. APOE genotype specific immune signatures support the design of interventions tailored to risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Winter
- Statistical Science, Trinity School, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710 USA
| | - Ali Mahzarnia
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710. USA
| | - Robert J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710. USA
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710. USA
| | - Jessica Tremblay
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710. USA
| | - Jacques Stout
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hae Sol Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - David B. Dunson
- Statistical Science, Trinity School, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710 USA
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710. USA
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Pollatou A, Holland CM, Stockton TJ, Peterson BS, Scheinost D, Monk C, Spann MN. Mapping Early Brain-Body Interactions: Associations of Fetal Heart Rate Variation with Newborn Brainstem, Hypothalamic, and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2363232024. [PMID: 38604780 PMCID: PMC11140686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2363-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the body's physiology, including cardiovascular function. As the ANS develops during the second to third trimester, fetal heart rate variability (HRV) increases while fetal heart rate (HR) decreases. In this way, fetal HR and HRV provide an index of fetal ANS development and future neurobehavioral regulation. Fetal HR and HRV have been associated with child language ability and psychomotor development behavior in toddlerhood. However, their associations with postbirth autonomic brain systems, such as the brainstem, hypothalamus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), have yet to be investigated even though brain pathways involved in autonomic regulation are well established in older individuals. We assessed whether fetal HR and HRV were associated with the brainstem, hypothalamic, and dACC functional connectivity in newborns. Data were obtained from 60 pregnant individuals (ages 14-42) at 24-27 and 34-37 weeks of gestation using a fetal actocardiograph to generate fetal HR and HRV. During natural sleep, their infants (38 males and 22 females) underwent a fMRI scan between 40 and 46 weeks of postmenstrual age. Our findings relate fetal heart indices to brainstem, hypothalamic, and dACC connectivity and reveal connections with widespread brain regions that may support behavioral and emotional regulation. We demonstrated the basic physiologic association between fetal HR indices and lower- and higher-order brain regions involved in regulatory processes. This work provides the foundation for future behavioral or physiological regulation research in fetuses and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Pollatou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Cristin M Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Thirsten J Stockton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06506
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Marisa N Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
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30
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Garg P, Jamal F, Srivastava P. RNA-Seq data analysis reveals novel nonsense mutations in the NPR3 gene leading to the progression of intellectual disability disorder. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30755. [PMID: 38765165 PMCID: PMC11101858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a progressive disorder that affects around 1-3% of the world's population. The heterogeneity of intellectual disability makes it difficult to diagnose as a complete disease. Genetic factors and major mutations play a noticeable role in the development and progression of ID. There is a high need to explore novel variants that may lead to new insights into the progressive aspects of ID. In the current course of study, 31 samples of ID from different studies available on GEO (GSE77742, GSE74263, GSE90682, GSE98476, GSE108887, GSE145710, and PRJEB21964) datasets were taken for the study. These datasets were analyzed for differential gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The SNPs of high impact were compared with the differentially expressed genes. Comparison leads to the identification of the priority gene ie NPR3 gene. The identified priority gene further was evaluated for the effect of the mutation using a Mutation Taster. Structure comparison analysis of the wild and mutated proteins of the NPR3 gene was further carried out by UCSF Chimera. Structural analysis reveals the anomalies in protein expression affecting the regulations of the NPR3 gene. These findings identified a novel nonsense mutation (E222*) in the downregulated NPR3 gene that leads to anomalies in the regulation of its protein expression. This missense mutation reveals a major role in causing ID. Our study concludes that the decrease in the expression of the NPR3 gene causes delayed sensory, motor, and physiological functions of the human brain leading to neurodevelopmental delay that causes ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prekshi Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224001, UP, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
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31
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Sefik E, Duan K, Li Y, Sholar B, Evans L, Pincus J, Ammar Z, Murphy MM, Klaiman C, Saulnier CA, Pulver SL, Goldman-Yassen AE, Guo Y, Walker EF, Li L, Mulle JG, Shultz S. Structural deviations of the posterior fossa and the cerebellum and their cognitive links in a neurodevelopmental deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8. [PMID: 38744992 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
High-impact genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders provide biologically-defined entry points for mechanistic investigation. The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) is one such variant, conferring a 40-100-fold increased risk for schizophrenia, as well as high risk for autism and intellectual disability. However, the mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental disability remain largely unknown. Here, we report the first in vivo quantitative neuroimaging study in individuals with 3q29Del (N = 24) and neurotypical controls (N = 1608) using structural MRI. Given prior radiology reports of posterior fossa abnormalities in 3q29Del, we focused our investigation on the cerebellum and its tissue-types and lobules. Additionally, we compared the prevalence of cystic/cyst-like malformations of the posterior fossa between 3q29Del and controls and examined the association between neuroanatomical findings and quantitative traits to probe gene-brain-behavior relationships. 3q29Del participants had smaller cerebellar cortex volumes than controls, before and after correction for intracranial volume (ICV). An anterior-posterior gradient emerged in finer grained lobule-based and voxel-wise analyses. 3q29Del participants also had larger cerebellar white matter volumes than controls following ICV-correction and displayed elevated rates of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts and mega cisterna magna findings independent of cerebellar volume. Cerebellar white matter and subregional gray matter volumes were associated with visual-perception and visual-motor integration skills as well as IQ, while cystic/cyst-like malformations yielded no behavioral link. In summary, we find that abnormal development of cerebellar structures may represent neuroimaging-based biomarkers of cognitive and sensorimotor function in 3q29Del, adding to the growing evidence identifying cerebellar pathology as an intersection point between syndromic and idiopathic forms of neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yiheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brittney Sholar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsey Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan Pincus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zeena Ammar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celine A Saulnier
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neurodevelopmental Assessment & Consulting Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stormi L Pulver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam E Goldman-Yassen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Longchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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32
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Kasatkin VN, Romanova EN, Glebova EV, Deviaterikova AA, Tolchennikova VV, Sharapkova AA, Manukyan PA, Karpova NM, Sarkisyan RA, Karelin AF. Effects of cognitive-motor intervention for pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors: results of a pilot study. J Neurooncol 2024; 168:57-67. [PMID: 38489149 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of cognitive-motor intervention on the cognitive and motor abilities of pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors. The study involved patients aged 7 to 18 years with cognitive deficits who had completed primary treatment for posterior fossa tumors. 25 participants (Mage=11.3 ± 2.93, 64% male; 17 medulloblastoma, 1 ependymoma, 1 desmoplastic medulloblastoma, 6 piloid astrocytoma; 22 in remission (Mmonths =45), 3 in stabilization (Mmonths=49)) were recruited from the Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance. The intervention consisted of two phases with a 3-month break for home training, and a total duration of 6 months. Each phase lasted 7 weeks and included two assessment procedures (pre- and post-intervention) and 10 training sessions over a period of 5 weeks (two 3-hour sessions per week). At baseline and pre- and post-intervention, all participants underwent a battery of cognitive and motor tests. Each training session included gross motor training (GMT), graphomotor training (GT), and cognitive-motor training (CMT). Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test for repeated measures and post-hoc Durbin-Conover test. The results indicated significant improvements in visuospatial working memory, visual attention, eye-hand coordination, semantic verbal fluency, auditory-motor synchronization, reaction time, and a decrease in the rate of ataxia. These improvements remained stable even in the absence of direct intervention. The findings demonstrate positive effects and feasibility of the intervention and suggest the need for further research in this area including randomized controlled feasibility studies with a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Kasatkin
- Cognitive Development and Neurorehabilitation Foundation (Foundation CRANE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta N Romanova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Glebova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena A Deviaterikova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera V Tolchennikova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Sharapkova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of English Linguistics, Philological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Piruza A Manukyan
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Karpova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roza A Sarkisyan
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander F Karelin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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Peña-Casanova J, Sánchez-Benavides G, Sigg-Alonso J. Updating functional brain units: Insights far beyond Luria. Cortex 2024; 174:19-69. [PMID: 38492440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. To meet this objective, several issues were reviewed: the theory of functional systems and the contributions of phylogenesis and embryogenesis to the brain's functional organization. This review revealed several facts. In the first place, the relationship/integration of basic homeostatic needs with complex forms of behavior. Secondly, the multi-scale hierarchical and distributed organization of the brain and interactions between cells and systems. Thirdly, the phylogenetic role of exaptation, especially in basal ganglia and cerebellum expansion. Finally, the tripartite embryogenetic organization of the brain: rhinic, limbic/paralimbic, and supralimbic zones. Obviously, these principles of brain organization are in contradiction with attempts to establish separate functional brain units. The proposed new model is made up of two large integrated complexes: a primordial-limbic complex (Luria's Unit I) and a telencephalic-cortical complex (Luria's Units II and III). As a result, five functional units were delineated: Unit I. Primordial or preferential (brainstem), for life-support, behavioral modulation, and waking regulation; Unit II. Limbic and paralimbic systems, for emotions and hedonic evaluation (danger and relevance detection and contribution to reward/motivational processing) and the creation of cognitive maps (contextual memory, navigation, and generativity [imagination]); Unit III. Telencephalic-cortical, for sensorimotor and cognitive processing (gnosis, praxis, language, calculation, etc.), semantic and episodic (contextual) memory processing, and multimodal conscious agency; Unit IV. Basal ganglia systems, for behavior selection and reinforcement (reward-oriented behavior); Unit V. Cerebellar systems, for the prediction/anticipation (orthometric supervision) of the outcome of an action. The proposed brain units are nothing more than abstractions within the brain's simultaneous and distributed physiological processes. As function transcends anatomy, the model necessarily involves transition and overlap between structures. Beyond the classic approaches, this review includes information on recent systemic perspectives on functional brain organization. The limitations of this review are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Peña-Casanova
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Test Barcelona Services, Teià, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Sigg-Alonso
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Queretaro, Mexico
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Tramontano M, Argento O, Manocchio N, Piacentini C, Orejel Bustos AS, De Angelis S, Bossa M, Nocentini U. Dynamic Cognitive-Motor Training versus Cognitive Computer-Based Training in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial with 2-Month Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2664. [PMID: 38731193 PMCID: PMC11084403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies underscore the intricate relationship between cognitive and motor impairments in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), often exacerbated by CNS damage compromising neural connections. These cognitive-motor deficits contribute to reduced efficiency in daily activities and heightened risks of falls and accidents. The combination of challenging cognitive-motor training in a more ecological setting could improve cognitive functions in people with MS (PwMS). Objective: This study aims to compare the impact of dynamic cognitive-motor training versus computer-based cognitive training on overall cognitive efficiency in PwMS. Methods: Thirty-eight PwMS were recruited through the neurorehabilitation services of an Institute of research and health. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to the Cognitive-Motor group (CMg) and Cognitive Therapy group (CTg). Participants underwent three training sessions per week for four weeks, each lasting 50 min. The primary outcome was a comprehensive cognitive assessment using the Cognitive Impairment Index (CII), and the secondary outcomes were the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Questionnaire MSQOL-54 and the Stroop Color Word Interference Test (SCWT). Results: Significant differences in the CII scores across T0, T1, and T2, as indicated by Friedman's test (χ2(2) = 14.558, p = .001), were found in the CMg. A significant difference in the change in health subscale of the MSQOL-54 was observed when comparing the groups across T0, T1, and T2 (χ2(2) = 6.059, p = .048). There were also statistically significant differences for the emotional well-being (χ2(2) = 7.581, p = .023) and health distress (χ2(2) = 11.902, p = .003) subscales. Post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for the former at T1 vs. T0 (Z = -2.502, p = .012 and for the latter at T2 vs. T0 (Z = -2.670, p = .008), respectively. Conclusions: Our results support the combination of cognitive-motor training to enhance cognitive functional outcomes and quality of life compared to computer-based cognitive training in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tramontano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ornella Argento
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
- Research Center CBPT, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Manocchio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Piacentini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
| | - Amaranta Soledad Orejel Bustos
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara De Angelis
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
| | - Michela Bossa
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
| | - Ugo Nocentini
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (O.A.); (C.P.); (A.S.O.B.); (S.D.A.); (M.B.); (U.N.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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35
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Moe A, Rayasam A, Sauber G, Shah RK, Doherty A, Yuan CY, Szabo A, Moore BM, Colonna M, Cui W, Romero J, Zamora AE, Hillard CJ, Drobyski WR. Type 2 cannabinoid receptor expression on microglial cells regulates neuroinflammation during graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175205. [PMID: 38662453 PMCID: PMC11142740 DOI: 10.1172/jci175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a recognized complication of immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, chimeric antigen receptor therapy, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While T cells and inflammatory cytokines play a role in this process, the precise interplay between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system that propagates inflammation in the central nervous system remains incompletely understood. Using a murine model of GVHD, we demonstrate that type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) signaling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. In these studies, we identify that CB2R expression on microglial cells induces an activated inflammatory phenotype that potentiates the accumulation of donor-derived proinflammatory T cells, regulates chemokine gene regulatory networks, and promotes neuronal cell death. Pharmacological targeting of this receptor with a brain penetrant CB2R inverse agonist/antagonist selectively reduces neuroinflammation without deleteriously affecting systemic GVHD severity. Thus, these findings delineate a therapeutically targetable neuroinflammatory pathway and have implications for the attenuation of neurotoxicity after GVHD and potentially other T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bob M. Moore
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Langlois ET, Bennequin D, de Marco G. Role of the Cerebellum in the Construction of Functional and Geometrical Spaces. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01693-y. [PMID: 38625534 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The perceptual and motor systems appear to have a set of movement primitives that exhibit certain geometric and kinematic invariances. Complex patterns and mental representations can be produced by (re)combining some simple motor elements in various ways using basic operations, transformations, and respecting a set of laws referred to as kinematic laws of motion. For example, point-to-point hand movements are characterized by straight hand paths with single-peaked-bell-shaped velocity profiles, whereas hand speed profiles for curved trajectories are often irregular and more variable, with speed valleys and inflections extrema occurring at the peak curvature. Curvature and speed are generically related by the 2/3 power law. Mathematically, such laws can be deduced from a combination of Euclidean, affine, and equi-affine geometries, whose neural correlates have been partially detected in various brain areas including the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. The cerebellum has been found to play an important role in the control of coordination, balance, posture, and timing over the past years. It is also assumed that the cerebellum computes forward internal models in relationship with specific cortical and subcortical brain regions but its motor relationship with the perceptual space is unclear. A renewed interest in the geometrical and spatial role of the cerebellum may enable a better understanding of its specific contribution to the action-perception loop and behavior's adaptation. In this sense, we complete this overview with an innovative theoretical framework that describes a possible implementation and selection by the cerebellum of geometries adhering to different mathematical laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Torkhani Langlois
- LINP2, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, 200 avenue de la République, Nanterre, 92000, France
| | - Daniel Bennequin
- Equipe Géométrie et Dynamique, Paris-Cité, UFR de Mathématiques, Bâtiment Sophie Germain, 8 place Aurélie Nemours, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Giovanni de Marco
- LINP2, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, 200 avenue de la République, Nanterre, 92000, France.
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Hadjiosif AM, Gibo TL, Smith MA. The cerebellum acts as the analog to the medial temporal lobe for sensorimotor memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.11.553008. [PMID: 38645006 PMCID: PMC11030252 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellum is critical for sensorimotor learning. The specific contribution that it makes, however, remains unclear. Inspired by the classic finding that, for declarative memories, medial temporal lobe structures provide a gateway to the formation of long-term memory but are not required for short-term memory, we hypothesized that, for sensorimotor memories, the cerebellum may play an analogous role. Here we studied the sensorimotor learning of individuals with severe ataxia from cerebellar degeneration. We dissected the memories they formed during sensorimotor learning into a short-term temporally-volatile component, that decays rapidly with a time constant of just 15-20sec and thus cannot lead to long-term retention, and a longer-term temporally-persistent component that is stable for 60 sec or more and leads to long-term retention. Remarkably, we find that these individuals display dramatically reduced levels of temporally-persistent sensorimotor memory, despite spared and even elevated levels of temporally-volatile sensorimotor memory. In particular, we find both impairment that systematically increases with memory window duration over shorter memory windows (<12 sec) and near-complete impairment of memory maintenance over longer memory windows (>25 sec). This dissociation uncovers a new role for the cerebellum as a gateway for the formation of long-term but not short-term sensorimotor memories, mirroring the role of the medial temporal lobe for declarative memories. It thus reveals the existence of distinct neural substrates for short-term and long-term sensorimotor memory, and it explains both newly-identified trial-to-trial differences and long-standing study-to-study differences in the effects of cerebellar damage on sensorimotor learning ability. Significance Statement A key discovery about the neural underpinnings of memory, made more than half a century ago, is that long-term, but not short-term, memory formation depends on neural structures in the brain's medial temporal lobe (MTL). However, this dichotomy holds only for declarative memories - memories for explicit facts such as names and dates - as long-term procedural memories - memories for implicit knowledge such as sensorimotor skills - are largely unaffected even with substantial MTL damage. Here we demonstrate that the formation of long-term, but not short-term, sensorimotor memory depends on a neural structure known as the cerebellum, and we show that this finding explains the variability previously reported in the extent to which cerebellar damage affects sensorimotor learning.
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Bodensohn L, Maurer A, Daamen M, Upadhyay N, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio U, Manunzio C, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Inverted U-shape-like functional connectivity alterations in cognitive resting-state networks depending on exercise intensity: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106156. [PMID: 38613926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute physical activity influences cognitive performance. However, the relationship between exercise intensity, neural network activity, and cognitive performance remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive performance. Twenty male athletes (27.3 ± 3.6 years) underwent cycling exercises of different intensities (high, low, rest/control) on different days in randomized order. Before and after, subjects performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a behavioral Attention Network Test (ANT). Independent component analysis and Linear mixed effects models examined rsFC changes within ten resting-state networks. No significant changes were identified in ANT performance. Resting-state analyses revealed a significant interaction in the Left Frontoparietal Network, driven by a non-significant rsFC increase after low-intensity and a significant rsFC decrease after high-intensity exercise, suggestive of an inverted U-shape relationship between exercise intensity and rsFC. Similar but trend-level rsFC interactions were observed in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and the Cerebellar Basal Ganglia Network. Explorative correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between rsFC increases in the right superior parietal lobule (part of DAN) and better ANT orienting in the low-intensity condition. Results indicate exercise intensity-dependent subacute rsFC changes in cognition-related networks, but their cognitive-behavioral relevance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 81, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 74, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Margot H, Pizano A, Amestoy A, Lacombe D, Berges C, Beneteau C, Innes AM. Investigations of an individual with a Marfanoid habitus, mild intellectual disability, and severe social anxiety identifies PCDHGA5 as a candidate neurodevelopmental disorder gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024:e32087. [PMID: 38591859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability (MHID) co-occur in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Among those, Lujan-Fryns, an X-linked genetic disorder associated with variants in MED12 was the first such syndrome identified. Accurate molecular diagnosis for these MHID syndromes remains a challenge due to significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We present a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with MHID and severe social anxiety. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, including morphotype assessment, cognitive, and psychometric and genetic testing, was conducted to provide a detailed understanding of the patient's complex clinical presentation. Psychometric assessments revealed severe social anxiety and various cognitive and emotional challenges. Despite some autism-like symptoms, the patient's clinical presentation was more aligned with mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing was inconclusive but identified a heterozygous de novo missense variant in the PCDHGA5 gene. This gene is not known in human pathology yet, but we also report a second patient with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder and a rare de novo variant which leads us to propose this as a candidate gene. Our findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of MHID. This case report underscores the need for objective clinical evaluations and standardized tools to better understand the complex clinical profiles of patients with NDDs. The identification of novel PCDHGA5 gene variants adds this gene's candidacy to the genetic landscape of MHID-NDD, warranting further investigation to determine its potential contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Margot
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Pizano
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anouck Amestoy
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Berges
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Arleo A, Bareš M, Bernard JA, Bogoian HR, Bruchhage MMK, Bryant P, Carlson ES, Chan CCH, Chen LK, Chung CP, Dotson VM, Filip P, Guell X, Habas C, Jacobs HIL, Kakei S, Lee TMC, Leggio M, Misiura M, Mitoma H, Olivito G, Ramanoël S, Rezaee Z, Samstag CL, Schmahmann JD, Sekiyama K, Wong CHY, Yamashita M, Manto M. Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Ageing. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:802-832. [PMID: 37428408 PMCID: PMC10776824 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the key roles of the cerebellum in motor, cognitive, and affective operations and given the decline of brain functions with aging, cerebellar circuitry is attracting the attention of the scientific community. The cerebellum plays a key role in timing aspects of both motor and cognitive operations, including for complex tasks such as spatial navigation. Anatomically, the cerebellum is connected with the basal ganglia via disynaptic loops, and it receives inputs from nearly every region in the cerebral cortex. The current leading hypothesis is that the cerebellum builds internal models and facilitates automatic behaviors through multiple interactions with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and spinal cord. The cerebellum undergoes structural and functional changes with aging, being involved in mobility frailty and related cognitive impairment as observed in the physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) affecting older, functionally-preserved adults who show slowness and/or weakness. Reductions in cerebellar volume accompany aging and are at least correlated with cognitive decline. There is a strongly negative correlation between cerebellar volume and age in cross-sectional studies, often mirrored by a reduced performance in motor tasks. Still, predictive motor timing scores remain stable over various age groups despite marked cerebellar atrophy. The cerebello-frontal network could play a significant role in processing speed and impaired cerebellar function due to aging might be compensated by increasing frontal activity to optimize processing speed in the elderly. For cognitive operations, decreased functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is correlated with lower performances. Neuroimaging studies highlight that the cerebellum might be involved in the cognitive decline occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of contributions of the cerebral cortex. Grey matter volume loss in AD is distinct from that seen in normal aging, occurring initially in cerebellar posterior lobe regions, and is associated with neuronal, synaptic and beta-amyloid neuropathology. Regarding depression, structural imaging studies have identified a relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebellar gray matter volume. In particular, major depressive disorder (MDD) and higher depressive symptom burden are associated with smaller gray matter volumes in the total cerebellum as well as the posterior cerebellum, vermis, and posterior Crus I. From the genetic/epigenetic standpoint, prominent DNA methylation changes in the cerebellum with aging are both in the form of hypo- and hyper-methylation, and the presumably increased/decreased expression of certain genes might impact on motor coordination. Training influences motor skills and lifelong practice might contribute to structural maintenance of the cerebellum in old age, reducing loss of grey matter volume and therefore contributing to the maintenance of cerebellar reserve. Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation techniques are increasingly being applied to enhance cerebellar functions related to motor, cognitive, and affective operations. They might enhance cerebellar reserve in the elderly. In conclusion, macroscopic and microscopic changes occur in the cerebellum during the lifespan, with changes in structural and functional connectivity with both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. With the aging of the population and the impact of aging on quality of life, the panel of experts considers that there is a huge need to clarify how the effects of aging on the cerebellar circuitry modify specific motor, cognitive, and affective operations both in normal subjects and in brain disorders such as AD or MDD, with the goal of preventing symptoms or improving the motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jessica A Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hannah R Bogoian
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Muriel M K Bruchhage
- Department of Psychology, Stavanger University, Institute of Social Sciences, Kjell Arholms Gate 41, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Box 89, De Crespigny Park, London, PO, SE5 8AF, UK
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department for Diagnostic Imaging, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Patrick Bryant
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Arnimallee 12, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chung
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pavel Filip
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Guell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Habas
- CHNO Des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
- Université Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen Ramanoël
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Zeynab Rezaee
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Colby L Samstag
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioural neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Clive H Y Wong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masatoshi Yamashita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
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de Oliveira IG, Queiroz LY, da Silva CCS, Cartágenes SC, Fernandes LMP, de Souza-Junior FJC, Bittencourt LO, Lima RR, Martins MD, Schmidt TR, Fontes-Junior EA, Maia CDSF. Ethanol binge drinking exposure during adolescence displays long-lasting motor dysfunction related to cerebellar neurostructural damage even after long-term withdrawal in female Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116316. [PMID: 38394853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the psychoactive substances most used by young individuals, usually in an intermittent and episodic manner, also called binge drinking. In the adolescent period, brain structures undergo neuromaturation, which increases the vulnerability to psychotropic substances. Our previous studies have revealed that ethanol binge drinking during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Thus, we explored the persistence of motor function impairment and cerebellum damage in the context of ethanol withdrawal periods (emerging adulthood and adult life) in adolescent female rats. Female Wistar rats (35 days old) received orally 4 cycles of ethanol (3.0 g/kg/day) or distilled water in 3 days on-4 days off paradigm (35th until 58th day of life). Motor behavioral tests (open field, grip strength, beam walking, and rotarod tests) and histological assays (Purkinje's cell density and NeuN-positive cells) were assessed on the 1-, 30-, and 60-days of binge alcohol exposure withdrawal. Our findings demonstrate that the adolescent binge drinking exposure paradigm induced cerebellar cell loss in all stages evaluated, measured through the reduction of Purkinje's cell density and granular layer neurons. The cerebellar tissue alterations were accompanied by behavioral impairments. In the early withdrawal, the reduction of spontaneous movement, incoordination, and unbalance was seen. However, the grip strength reduction was found at long-term withdrawal (60 days of abstinence). The cerebellum morphological changes and the motor alterations persisted until adulthood. These data suggest that binge drinking exposure during adolescence causes motor function impairment associated with cerebellum damage, even following a prolonged withdrawal, in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Yoshitome Queiroz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristiane Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio José Coelho de Souza-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tuany Rafaeli Schmidt
- Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
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Pallarès-Sastre M, García M, Rouco-Axpe I, Amayra I. A systematic review of social cognition in hereditary ataxia patients: Evidence from neuroimaging studies. Brain Res 2024; 1827:148765. [PMID: 38219813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallarès-Sastre
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maitane García
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Idoia Rouco-Axpe
- Neurology Service. Cruces University Hospital. BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Imanol Amayra
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, Garavan H, Keller KL. The Cerebellar Response to Visual Portion Size Cues Is Associated with the Portion Size Effect in Children. Nutrients 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38474866 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to eating more in response to large portions (i.e., the portion size effect) remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy consumed as portions increase. Associations were examined across brain regions traditionally implicated in appetite control (i.e., an appetitive network) as well as the cerebellum, which has recently been implicated in appetite-related processes. Children without obesity (i.e., BMI-for-age-and-sex percentile < 90; N = 63; 55% female) viewed images of larger and smaller portions of food during fMRI and, in separate sessions, ate four meals that varied in portion size. Individual-level linear and quadratic associations between intake (kcal, grams) and portion size (i.e., portion size slopes) were estimated. The response to portion size in cerebellar lobules IV-VI was associated with the quadratic portion size slope estimated from gram intake; a greater response to images depicting smaller compared to larger portions was associated with steeper increases in intake with increasing portion sizes. Within the appetitive network, neural responses were not associated with portion size slopes. A decreased cerebellar response to larger amounts of food may increase children's susceptibility to overeating when excessively large portions are served.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari A Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Morrone JM, Pedlar CR. EEG-based neurophysiological indices for expert psychomotor performance - a review. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106132. [PMID: 38219415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A primary objective of current human neuropsychological performance research is to define the physiological correlates of adaptive knowledge utilization, in order to support the enhanced execution of both simple and complex tasks. Within the present article, electroencephalography-based neurophysiological indices characterizing expert psychomotor performance, will be explored. As a means of characterizing fundamental processes underlying efficient psychometric performance, the neural efficiency model will be evaluated in terms of alpha-wave-based selective cortical processes. Cognitive and motor domains will initially be explored independently, which will act to encapsulate the task-related neuronal adaptive requirements for enhanced psychomotor performance associating with the neural efficiency model. Moderating variables impacting the practical application of such neuropsychological model, will also be investigated. As a result, the aim of this review is to provide insight into detectable task-related modulation involved in developed neurocognitive strategies which support heightened psychomotor performance, for the implementation within practical settings requiring a high degree of expert performance (such as sports or military operational settings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin M Morrone
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
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Oldrati V, Butti N, Ferrari E, Strazzer S, Romaniello R, Borgatti R, Urgesi C, Finisguerra A. Neurorestorative effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on social prediction of adolescents and young adults with congenital cerebellar malformations. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103582. [PMID: 38428326 PMCID: PMC10944181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence points to impairments of the predictive function exerted by the cerebellum as one of the causes of the social cognition deficits observed in patients with cerebellar disorders. OBJECTIVE We tested the neurorestorative effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on the use of contextual expectations to interpret actions occurring in ambiguous sensory sceneries in a sample of adolescents and young adults with congenital, non-progressive cerebellar malformation (CM). METHODS We administered an action prediction task in which, in an implicit-learning phase, the probability of co-occurrence between actions and contextual elements was manipulated to form either strongly or moderately informative expectations. Subsequently, in a testing phase, we probed the use of these contextual expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e., temporally occluded) actions. In a sham-controlled, within-subject design, participants received anodic or sham ctDCS during the task. RESULTS Anodic ctDCS, compared to sham, improved patients' ability to use contextual expectations to predict the unfolding of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the role of the cerebellum in using previously learned contextual associations to predict social events and document the efficacy of ctDCS to boost social prediction in patients with congenital cerebellar malformation. The study encourages the further exploration of ctDCS as a neurorestorative tool for the neurorehabilitation of social cognition abilities in neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders featured by macro- or micro-structural alterations of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Oldrati
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy.
| | - Niccolò Butti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy; PhD Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrari
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Sandra Strazzer
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Via Margreth, 3, 33100 Udine, Italy; Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Cialdini 29, 33037 Pasian di Prato (UD), Italy
| | - Alessandra Finisguerra
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Cialdini 29, 33037 Pasian di Prato (UD), Italy
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Yang F, Zhao Z, Zhang D, Xiong Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang M, Pan T, Liu C, Liu K, Lin Y, Liu Y, Tu Q, Dang Y, Xia M, Mi D, Zhou W, Xu Z. Single-cell multi-omics analysis of lineage development and spatial organization in the human fetal cerebellum. Cell Discov 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38409116 PMCID: PMC10897198 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cerebellum encompasses numerous neurons, exhibiting a distinct developmental paradigm from cerebrum. Here we conducted scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq and spatial transcriptomic analyses of fetal samples from gestational week (GW) 13 to 18 to explore the emergence of cellular diversity and developmental programs in the developing human cerebellum. We identified transitory granule cell progenitors that are conserved across species. Special patterns in both granule cells and Purkinje cells were dissected multidimensionally. Species-specific gene expression patterns of cerebellar lobes were characterized and we found that PARM1 exhibited inconsistent distribution in human and mouse granule cells. A novel cluster of potential neuroepithelium at the rhombic lip was identified. We also resolved various subtypes of Purkinje cells and unipolar brush cells and revealed gene regulatory networks controlling their diversification. Therefore, our study offers a valuable multi-omics landscape of human fetal cerebellum and advances our understanding of development and spatial organization of human cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yashan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Da Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Shin JH, Kim H, Lee SY, Yoon WT, Park SW, Park S, Yoo D, Lee JY. Impaired cognitive flexibility and disrupted cognitive cerebellum in degenerative cerebellar ataxias. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae064. [PMID: 38454963 PMCID: PMC10919478 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a clinically unmet need for a neuropsychological tool that reflects the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in cerebellar degeneration. We investigated cognitive flexibility in degenerative cerebellar ataxia patients and aim to identify the pathophysiological correlates of cognitive dysfunction in relation to cerebellar cognitive circuits. We prospectively enrolled degenerative cerebellar ataxia patients with age-matched healthy controls who underwent 3 T 3D and resting-state functional MRI. All 56 participants were evaluated with the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and neuropsychological tests including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination. From MRI scans, we analysed the correlation of whole-brain volume and cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performances. A total of 52 participants (29 ataxia patients and 23 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test scores (total error percentage, perseverative error percentage, non-perseverative error percentage and categories completed), Trail Making Test A and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were significantly impaired in ataxia patients (P < 0.05) compared to age-matched healthy controls. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test error scores showed a significant correlation with the ataxia score (P < 0.05) controlling for age and sex. In volumetric analysis, the cerebellar right crus I, II, VIIb and VIII atrophy correlated with non-perseverative error percentage in the ataxia group. In functional connectivity analysis, the connectivity between crus I, II and VIIb of the cerebellum and bilateral superior parietal and superior temporal gyrus was significantly altered in ataxia patients. The functional connectivity between left crus II and VIIb of the cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal and superior frontal/parietal cortices showed a positive correlation with perseverative error percentage. The connectivity between left crus VIIb and pontine nucleus/middle cerebellar peduncle showed a significant negative correlation with non-perseverative error percentage in the ataxia group. The impaired cognitive flexibility represented by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was significantly impaired in degenerative cerebellar ataxia patients and correlated with disease severity. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance reflects hypoactivity of the cognitive cerebellum and disrupted cortico-cerebellar connectivity in non-demented patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Shin
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, South Korea
| | - Won Tae Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, South Korea
| | - Sun-Won Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Park
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, South Korea
| | - Dallah Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, South Korea
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Li ZH, Li B, Zhang XY, Zhu JN. Neuropeptides and Their Roles in the Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2332. [PMID: 38397008 PMCID: PMC10889816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more than 30 different types of neuropeptides have been identified in various cell types and circuits of the cerebellum, their unique functions in the cerebellum remain poorly understood. Given the nature of their diffuse distribution, peptidergic systems are generally assumed to exert a modulatory effect on the cerebellum via adaptively tuning neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity within cerebellar circuits. Moreover, cerebellar neuropeptides have also been revealed to be involved in the neurogenetic and developmental regulation of the developing cerebellum, including survival, migration, differentiation, and maturation of the Purkinje cells and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, cerebellar neuropeptides hold a critical position in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of many cerebellar-related motor and psychiatric disorders, such as cerebellar ataxias and autism. Over the past two decades, a growing body of evidence has indicated neuropeptides as potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate these diseases effectively. Therefore, this review focuses on eight cerebellar neuropeptides that have attracted more attention in recent years and have significant potential for clinical application associated with neurodegenerative and/or neuropsychiatric disorders, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, corticotropin-releasing factor, angiotensin II, neuropeptide Y, orexin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, and secretin, which may provide novel insights and a framework for our understanding of cerebellar-related disorders and have implications for novel treatments targeting neuropeptide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
| | - Bin Li
- Women and Children’s Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.-H.L.); (J.-N.Z.)
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Tariciotti L, Mattioli L, Viganò L, Gallo M, Gambaretti M, Sciortino T, Gay L, Conti Nibali M, Gallotti A, Cerri G, Bello L, Rossi M. Object-oriented hand dexterity and grasping abilities, from the animal quarters to the neurosurgical OR: a systematic review of the underlying neural correlates in non-human, human primate and recent findings in awake brain surgery. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1324581. [PMID: 38425673 PMCID: PMC10902498 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1324581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The sensorimotor integrations subserving object-oriented manipulative actions have been extensively investigated in non-human primates via direct approaches, as intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS), cytoarchitectonic analysis and anatomical tracers. However, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying complex motor behaviors is yet to be fully integrated in brain mapping paradigms and the consistency of these findings with intraoperative data obtained during awake neurosurgical procedures for brain tumor removal is still largely unexplored. Accordingly, there is a paucity of systematic studies reviewing the cross-species analogies in neural activities during object-oriented hand motor tasks in primates and investigating the concordance with intraoperative findings during brain mapping. The current systematic review was designed to summarize the cortical and subcortical neural correlates of object-oriented fine hand actions, as revealed by fMRI and PET studies, in non-human and human primates and how those were translated into neurosurgical studies testing dexterous hand-movements during intraoperative brain mapping. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched. Original articles were included if they: (1) investigated cortical activation sites on fMRI and/or PET during grasping task; (2) included humans or non-human primates. A second query was designed on the databases above to collect studies reporting motor, hand manipulation and dexterity tasks for intraoperative brain mapping in patients undergoing awake brain surgery for any condition. Due to the heterogeneity in neurosurgical applications, a qualitative synthesis was deemed more appropriate. Results We provided an updated overview of the current state of the art in translational neuroscience about the extended frontoparietal grasping-praxis network with a specific focus on the comparative functioning in non-human primates, healthy humans and how the latter knowledge has been implemented in the neurosurgical operating room during brain tumor resection. Discussion The anatomical and functional correlates we reviewed confirmed the evolutionary continuum from monkeys to humans, allowing a cautious but practical adoption of such evidence in intraoperative brain mapping protocols. Integrating the previous results in the surgical practice helps preserve complex motor abilities, prevent long-term disability and poor quality of life and allow the maximal safe resection of intrinsic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tariciotti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mattioli
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallo
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambaretti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciortino
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gay
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Conti Nibali
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallotti
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cerri
- MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Yang CJ, Yu HY, Hong TY, Cheng LK, Li WC, Yeh TC, Chen LF, Hsieh JC. Embodied metacognition as strengthened functional connection between neural correlates of metacognition and dance in dancers: exploring creativity implications. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1347386. [PMID: 38425447 PMCID: PMC10902139 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1347386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dance education fosters embodied metacognition, enhancing student's creativity. This study examines the crucial role of functional connectivity (FC) between the neural correlates of metacognition (NCM) and dance (NCD) as the neurological foundation for dancers' embodied metacognition. The investigation also explores whether these consolidated FCs inform the general creativity in dancers. Methods The research involved 29 dancers and 28 non-dancer controls. The study examined resting-state connections of the NCM through seed-based FC analysis. Correlation analyses were employed to investigate the connections between the targeted NCM-NCD FCs, initiated from the a priori NCM seed, and general creativity. Results Dancers demonstrated heightened FC between NCM and NCD compared to non-dancer controls. The targeted regions included the putamen, globus pallidus, posterior cerebellum, and anterior insula of NCD. The dancers exhibited higher originality scores. In dancers, the enhanced FC showed a negative correlation with originality and a positive correlation with flexibility. Conversely, the controls exhibited no significant correlations. Discussion Extended dance training enhances the NCM-NCD connection signifying embodied metacognition. This interconnectedness may serve as the neural predisposition for fostering general creativity performance in dancers. Dancers with heightened levels of originality could leverage the relatively weaker NCM-NCD FCs to facilitate better integration and coordination of creative cognitive processes. Our findings suggest that the consolidated functional connections as sculpted by domain-specific training may inform general creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Arts and Humanities Education, Taipei National University of the Arts, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Hong
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Li
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yeh
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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