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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Cui X, Li J, Wang C, Ishaq HM, Zhang R, Yang F. Relationship between sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 235:173695. [PMID: 38128765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a chronic recurrent encephalopathy, and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Among possible explanations, neuroinflammation caused by the disorders of brain central immune signaling has been identified as one possible mechanism of alcohol use disorder. As the basic components of cells and important bioactive molecules, sphingolipids are essential in regulating many cellular activities. Recent studies have shown that sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation may be involved in the development of alcohol use disorder. METHODS PubMed databases were searched for literature on sphingolipids and alcohol use disorder (alcohol abuse, alcohol addiction, alcohol dependence, and alcohol misuse) including evidence of the relationship between sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorder (formation, withdrawal, treatment). RESULTS Disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, including the different types of sphingolipids and regulatory enzyme activity, have been found in patients with alcohol use disorder as well as animal models, which in turn cause neuro-inflammation in the central nervous system. Thus, these disorders may also be an important mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder in patients. In addition, different sphingolipids may have different or even reverse effects on alcohol use disorder. CONCLUSIONS The sphingolipids-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of alcohol use disorder. This review proposes a potential approach to prevent and treat alcohol use disorders by manipulating sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoJian Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - JiaZhen Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - ChuanSheng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - RuiLin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Memos N, Avila JA, Rodriguez E, Serrano PA. Synaptic remodeling of GluA1 and GluA2 expression in the nucleus accumbens promotes susceptibility to cognitive deficits concomitant with downstream GSK3 β mediated neurotoxicity in female mice during abstinence from voluntary oral methamphetamine. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 8:100112. [PMID: 37842014 PMCID: PMC10569060 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimulant-use disorders can present with long-term cognitive and mental health deficits. Little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms perpetuating sex differences in cognitive and behavioral deficits in preclinical models of addiction to stimulants such as methamphetamine (MA). The current study investigated the neurochemical shifts underlying sex disparities in MA-induced working memory deficits and an addictive phenotype following abstinence from chronic MA abuse. We used our previously reported mouse model of voluntary oral methamphetamine administration (VOMA) consisting of an acquisition phase (days 1-14) characterized by escalating doses of MA and a binge phase (days 14-28) characterized by static doses. Female VOMA mice exhibited sustained MA consumption during the binge phase, demonstrating sex-specific vulnerabilities to the maintenance of MA addiction. The 8-arm radial maze was used to test spatial working memory performance following abstinence from VOMA. Results indicate working memory deficits correlated to higher MA consumption in females only. Hippocampal and accumbal tissue were collected and analyzed by immunoblotting. Female VOMA mice had decreased GluA1, but not GluA2, in the hippocampus, which may perpetuate synaptic destabilization and working memory deficits. Female-specific increases in GluA1 and p-GSK3β expression in accumbal tissue suggest vulnerability toward abstinence-induced drug craving and heightened downstream neurotoxicity. Our study reveals female-specific neurochemical shifts in hippocampal and accumbal AMPA receptor signaling following abstinence from chronic MA consumption that may perpetuate female susceptibility to MA-induced cognitive deficits. These data demonstrate a novel molecular pathway that would exacerbate memory deficits and perpetuate an addictive phenotype in female populations following MA abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Memos
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge A. Avila
- Undergraduate Research Center – Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edgar Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Peter A. Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Smucny J, Maddock RJ. Spectroscopic meta-analyses reveal novel metabolite profiles across methamphetamine and cocaine substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109900. [PMID: 37148676 PMCID: PMC11187716 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to study metabolite alterations in stimulant (methamphetamine and cocaine) substance use disorders (SUDs) for over 25 years, data-driven consensus regarding the nature and magnitude of these alterations is lacking. METHOD In this meta-analysis, we examined associations between SUD and regional metabolites (N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline, myo-inositol, creatine, glutamate, and glutamate+glutamine (glx)) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), frontal white matter (FWM), occipital cortex, and basal ganglia as measured by 1 H-MRS. We also examined moderating effects of MRS acquisition parameters (echo time (TE), field strength), data quality (coefficient of variation (COV)), and demographic/clinical variables. RESULTS A MEDLINE search revealed 28 articles that met meta-analytic criteria. Significant effects included lower mPFC NAA, higher mPFC myo-inositol, and lower mPFC creatine in SUD relative to people without SUD. mPFC NAA effects were moderated by TE, with larger effects at longer TEs. For choline, although no group effects were observed, effect sizes in the mPFC were related to MRS technical indicators (field strength, COV). No effects of age, sex, primary drug of use (methamphetamine vs. cocaine), duration of use, or duration of abstinence were observed. Evidence for moderating effects of TE and COV may have implications for future MRS studies in SUDs. CONCLUSIONS The observed metabolite profile in methamphetamine and cocaine SUD (lower NAA and creatine with higher myo-inositol) parallels that observed in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting these drugs are associated with neurometabolic differences similar to those characterizing these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Richard J Maddock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
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Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Roodsari SK, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, George O, Sanford LD, Guo ML. Cocaine Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and CRF Signaling in a Region- and Sex-Dependent Manner in Rat Brain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1800. [PMID: 37509440 PMCID: PMC10376186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine, one of the most abused drugs worldwide, is capable of activating microglia in vitro and in vivo. Several neuroimmune pathways have been suggested to play roles in cocaine-mediated microglial activation. Previous work showed that cocaine activates microglia in a region-specific manner in the brains of self-administered mice. To further characterize the effects of cocaine on microglia and neuroimmune signaling in vivo, we utilized the brains from both sexes of outbred rats with cocaine self-administration to explore the activation status of microglia, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling, and NF-κB levels in the striatum and hippocampus (HP). Age-matched rats of the same sex (drug naïve) served as controls. Our results showed that cocaine increased neuroinflammation in the striatum and HP of both sexes with a relatively higher increases in male brains. In the striatum, cocaine upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity and CRF levels in males but not in females. In contrast, cocaine increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity in the HP of females but not in males, and no effects on CRF signaling were observed in this region of either sex. Interestingly, cocaine increased NF-κB levels in the striatum and HP with no sex difference. Taken together, our results provide evidence that cocaine can exert region- and sex-specific differences in neuroimmune signaling in the brain. Targeting neuroimmune signaling has been suggested as possible treatment for cocaine use disorders (CUDs). Our current results indicate that sex should be taken into consideration when determining the efficacy of these new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Dempsey
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Dorela D Shuboni-Mulligan
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Vilca SJ, Margetts AV, Pollock TA, Tuesta LM. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of microglia in substance use disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103838. [PMID: 36893849 PMCID: PMC10247513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are widely known for their role in immune surveillance and for their ability to refine neurocircuitry during development, but a growing body of evidence suggests that microglia may also play a complementary role to neurons in regulating the behavioral aspects of substance use disorders. While many of these efforts have focused on changes in microglial gene expression associated with drug-taking, epigenetic regulation of these changes has yet to be fully understood. This review provides recent evidence supporting the role of microglia in various aspects of substance use disorder, with particular focus on changes to the microglial transcriptome and the potential epigenetic mechanisms driving these changes. Further, this review discusses the latest technical advances in low-input chromatin profiling and highlights the current challenges for studying these novel molecular mechanisms in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara J Vilca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Alexander V Margetts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Tate A Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Luis M Tuesta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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7
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Guo C, Chen L, Wang Y. Substance abuse and neurodegenerative diseases: focus on ferroptosis. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1519-1528. [PMID: 37100932 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulants and alcohol are widely abused substances with the adverse effects on global public health. Substance abuse seriously harms people's health and causes various diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and diverse, usually involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metal homeostasis disorder, and neuro-inflammation. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain unclear, which is a major obstacle to therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative processes and to identify the therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention. Ferroptosis is a regulatory cell necrosis caused by iron ion catalysis and lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is thought to be associated with nervous system diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. This review overviewed the ferroptosis process and explored the relationship of ferroptosis with substance abuse and neurodegenerative diseases, which provides a new way to study the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases induced by alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine (MA), and also provides the potential therapeutic targets for substance abuse-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Ray S, Sil S, Kannan M, Periyasamy P, Buch S. Role of the gut-brain axis in HIV and drug abuse-mediated neuroinflammation. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11092. [PMID: 38389809 PMCID: PMC10880759 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Drug abuse and related disorders are a global public health crisis affecting millions, but to date, limited treatment options are available. Abused drugs include but are not limited to opioids, cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and alcohol. Drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV-1/AIDS) are inextricably linked. Extensive research has been done to understand the effect of prolonged drug use on neuronal signaling networks and gut microbiota. Recently, there has been rising interest in exploring the interactions between the central nervous system and the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the existing research that points toward the potential role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-linked drug abuse and subsequent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical data about gut dysbiosis as a consequence of drug abuse in the context of HIV-1 has been discussed in detail, along with its implications in various neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding this interplay will help elucidate the etiology and progression of drug abuse-induced neurodegenerative disorders. This will consequently be beneficial in developing possible interventions and therapeutic options for these drug abuse-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Ray
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Muthukumar Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Namba MD, Phillips MN, Chen PJ, Blass BE, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. HIV gp120 impairs nucleus accumbens neuroimmune function and dopamine D3 receptor-mediated inhibition of cocaine seeking in male rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100062. [PMID: 36909738 PMCID: PMC9997483 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine Use Disorders (CUDs) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cocaine and the HIV envelope protein gp120 each induce distinct deficits to mesocorticolimbic circuit function and motivated behavior; however, little is known regarding how they interact to dysregulate these functions or how such interactions impact pharmacotherapeutic efficacy. We have previously shown that the selective, weak partial agonist of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), MC-25-41, attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats. Here, we sought to characterize changes in striatal neuroimmune function in gp120-exposed rats across abstinence from operant access to cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) or sucrose (45 mg/pellet), and to examine the impact of gp120 exposure on MC-25-41-reduced cocaine seeking. After establishing a history of cocaine or sucrose self-administration, rats received intracerebroventricular gp120 infusions daily the first 5 days of abstinence and were sacrificed either on day 6 or after 21 days of forced abstinence and a cue-induced cocaine seeking test. We demonstrated that MC-25-41 treatment attenuated cue-induced cocaine seeking among control rats but not gp120-exposed rats. Moreover, postmortem analysis of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neuroimmune function indicated cocaine abstinence- and gp120-induced impairments, and the expression of several immune factors within the NAc core significantly correlated with cocaine-seeking behavior. We conclude that cocaine abstinence dysregulates striatal neuroimmune function and interacts with gp120 to inhibit the effectiveness of a D3R partial agonist in reducing cocaine seeking. These findings highlight the need to consider comorbidities, such as immune status, when evaluating the efficacy of novel pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Megan N Phillips
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Blass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Herrera-Imbroda J, Flores-López M, Ruiz-Sastre P, Gómez-Sánchez-Lafuente C, Bordallo-Aragón A, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Mayoral-Cleríes F. The Inflammatory Signals Associated with Psychosis: Impact of Comorbid Drug Abuse. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020454. [PMID: 36830990 PMCID: PMC9953424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis and substance use disorders are two diagnostic categories whose association has been studied for decades. In addition, both psychosis spectrum disorders and drug abuse have recently been linked to multiple pro-inflammatory changes in the central nervous system. We have carried out a narrative review of the literature through a holistic approach. We used PubMed as our search engine. We included in the review all relevant studies looking at pro-inflammatory changes in psychotic disorders and substance use disorders. We found that there are multiple studies that relate various pro-inflammatory lipids and proteins with psychosis and substance use disorders, with an overlap between the two. The main findings involve inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, endocannabinoids, eicosanoids, lysophospholipds and/or bacterial products. Many of these findings are present in different phases of psychosis and in substance use disorders such as cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamines, alcohol and nicotine. Psychosis and substance use disorders may have a common origin in an abnormal neurodevelopment caused, among other factors, by a neuroinflammatory process. A possible convergent pathway is that which interrelates the transcriptional factors NFκB and PPARγ. This may have future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Herrera-Imbroda
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Flores-López
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Sastre
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (C.G.-S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Gómez-Sánchez-Lafuente
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (C.G.-S.-L.)
| | - Antonio Bordallo-Aragón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral-Cleríes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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11
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Li X, Qian Y, Shen W, Zhang S, Han H, Zhang Y, Liu S, Lv S, Zhang X. Mechanism of SET8 Activates the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE Signaling Pathway to Promote the Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4420592. [PMID: 36936537 PMCID: PMC10023234 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4420592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common injury of the central nervous system (CNS), and astrocytes are relatively abundant glial cells in the CNS that impairs the recovery of motor function after SCI. It was confirmed that the oxidative stress of mitochondria leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which plays a key role in the motor function of astrocytes. However, the mechanism by which oxidative stress affects astrocyte motility after SCI is still unexplained. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of SET8-regulated oxidative stress on astrocyte autophagy levels after SCI in rats and the potential mechanisms of action. Methods We used real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining to analyze SET8, Keap1, and Nrf2 expression at the cellular level and in SCI tissues. ChIP to detect H4K20me1 enrichment in the Keap1 promoter region under OE-SET8 (overexpression of SET8) conditions. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of signature proteins of astrocytes, proteins associated with autophagy, proteins associated with glial scar formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells using DHE staining, and astrocyte number, morphological alterations, and induction of glial scar formation processes using immunofluorescence. In addition, the survival rate of neurons after SCI in rats was examined by using NiSSl staining. Results OE-SET8 upregulates the enrichment of H4K20me1 in Keap1, inhibits Keap1 expression, activates the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway to suppress ROS accumulation, inhibits oxidative stress-induced autophagy and glial scar formation in astrocytes, and leads to reduced neuronal loss, which promoted the recovery and improvement of motor function after SCI in rats. Conclusion Overexpression of SET8 alleviated oxidative stress by regulating Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, inhibited astrocyte autophagy levels, and reduced glial scar formation as well as neuronal loss, thereby promoting improved recovery of motor function after SCI. Thus, the SET8/H4K20me1 regulatory function may be a promising cellular therapeutic intervention point after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Wanling Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Han
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Shaokun Lv
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine of Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Qujing, 655000 Yunnan, China
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12
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King SG, Gaudreault PO, Malaker P, Kim JW, Alia-Klein N, Xu J, Goldstein RZ. Prefrontal-habenular microstructural impairments in human cocaine and heroin addiction. Neuron 2022; 110:3820-3832.e4. [PMID: 36206758 PMCID: PMC9671835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is central to adaptive reward- and aversion-driven behaviors, comprising a hub for higher-order processing networks involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Despite an established role in preclinical models of cocaine addiction, the translational significance of the Hb and its connectivity with the PFC in humans is unclear. Using diffusion tractography, we detailed PFC structural connectivity with the Hb and two control regions, quantifying tract-specific microstructural features in healthy and cocaine-addicted individuals. White matter was uniquely impaired in PFC-Hb projections in both short-term abstainers and current cocaine users. Abnormalities in this tract further generalized to an independent sample of heroin-addicted individuals and were associated, in an exploratory analysis, with earlier onset of drug use across the addiction subgroups, potentially serving as a predisposing marker amenable for early intervention. Importantly, these findings contextualize a plausible PFC-Hb circuit in the human brain, supporting preclinical evidence for its impairment in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G King
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junqian Xu
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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13
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Webb SM, Sacramento AD, McCloskey MA, Wroten MG, Ploense KL, Kippin TE, Ben-Shahar O, Szumlinski KK. The incubation of cocaine craving is dissociated from changes in glial cell markers within prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3:100030. [PMID: 36034166 PMCID: PMC9410194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M. Webb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Arianne D. Sacramento
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Megan A. McCloskey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Melissa G. Wroten
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Kyle L. Ploense
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
| | - Osnat Ben-Shahar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9625, USA
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14
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Krapacher FA, Fernández‐Suárez D, Andersson A, Carrier‐Ruiz A, Ibáñez CF. Convergent dopamine and ALK4 signaling to PCBP1 controls FosB alternative splicing and cocaine behavioral sensitization. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110721. [PMID: 35730718 PMCID: PMC10545536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔfosB is an alternatively spliced product of the FosB gene that is essential for dopamine-induced reward pathways and that acts as a master switch for addiction. However, the molecular mechanisms of its generation and regulation by dopamine signaling are unknown. Here, we report that dopamine D1 receptor signaling synergizes with the activin/ALK4/Smad3 pathway to potentiate the generation of ΔFosB mRNA in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) via activation of the RNA-binding protein PCBP1, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Concurrent activation of PCBP1 and Smad3 by D1 and ALK4 signaling induced their interaction, nuclear translocation, and binding to sequences in exon-4 and intron-4 of FosB mRNA. Ablation of either ALK4 or PCBP1 in MSNs impaired ΔFosB mRNA induction and nuclear translocation of ΔFosB protein in response to repeated co-stimulation of D1 and ALK4 receptors. Finally, ALK4 is required in NAc MSNs of adult mice for behavioral sensitization to cocaine. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism for ΔFosB generation and drug-induced sensitization through convergent dopamine and ALK4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking University School of Life SciencesBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
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15
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Rosa MLP, Machado CA, Asth L, Toscano ECB, da Silva Oliveira B, Marzano LAS, Ferreira RN, Teixeira AL, Moreira FA, Miranda AS. A three-compartment apparatus alters the brain concentration of cytokines and neurotrophic factors in cocaine-induced CPP in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 369:577914. [PMID: 35717736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-induced neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of drug addiction. Evidence suggests that the immune response contributes for memory consolidation related to place preference behavior underlying cocaine administration in mice. Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a protocol extensively used to study the rewarding and/or aversive motivational effects of drug abuse in rodents, reproducing cocaine-seeking behavior in humans. Besides the variety of apparatus used in the CPP protocol, whether different types of apparatus are able to induce the same conditioned behavior response and neurobiological changes remains to be fully explored. We hypothesize that the immune response is involved in the cocaine-induced CPP and that the type of apparatus might influence this response. Herein, two- and three-compartment apparatuses were tested using the behavioral model of CPP. Cocaine-induced CPP was demonstrated in both apparatuses. However, mice injected with cocaine had decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and GDNF in the pre-frontal cortex, and decreased CX3CL1 in the striatum, in the CPP protocol using three compartments compared to controls. While similar levels were seen in the CPP protocol using two compartments. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the type of apparatus might influence the investigation of neurobiological mechanisms associated with cocaine-induced CPP. Our data also suggest that the three compartment-apparatus seems to be a more appropriate model to investigate the neuroinflammatory response related to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda L P Rosa
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Eliana C B Toscano
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisas em Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, UFJF, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, USP, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A S Marzano
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil.
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16
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Roodsari SK, Cheng Y, Reed KM, Wellman LL, Sanford LD, Kim WK, Guo ML. Sleep Disturbance Alters Cocaine-Induced Locomotor Activity: Involvement of Striatal Neuroimmune and Dopamine Signaling. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051161. [PMID: 35625897 PMCID: PMC9138453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders have high comorbidity with drug addiction and function as major risk factors for developing drug addiction. Recent studies have indicated that both sleep disturbance (SD) and abused drugs could activate microglia, and that increased neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Whether microglia are involved in the contribution of chronic SDs to drug addiction has never been explored. In this study, we employed a mouse model of sleep fragmentation (SF) with cocaine treatment and examined their locomotor activities, as well as neuroinflammation levels and dopamine signaling in the striatum, to assess their interaction. We also included mice with, or without, SF that underwent cocaine withdrawal and challenge. Our results showed that SF significantly blunted cocaine-induced locomotor stimulation while having marginal effects on locomotor activity of mice with saline injections. Meanwhile, SF modulated the effects of cocaine on neuroimmune signaling in the striatum and in ex vivo isolated microglia. We did not observe differences in dopamine signaling in the striatum among treatment groups. In mice exposed to cocaine and later withdrawal, SF reduced locomotor sensitivity and also modulated neuroimmune and dopamine signaling in the striatum. Taken together, our results suggested that SF was capable of blunting cocaine-induced psychoactive effects through modulating neuroimmune and dopamine signaling. We hypothesize that SF could affect neuroimmune and dopamine signaling in the brain reward circuitry, which might mediate the linkage between sleep disorders and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (S.K.R.); (Y.C.); (K.M.R.)
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (S.K.R.); (Y.C.); (K.M.R.)
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
| | - Kirstin M. Reed
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (S.K.R.); (Y.C.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Laurie L. Wellman
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (S.K.R.); (Y.C.); (K.M.R.)
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.); (W.-K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-757-446-5891
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17
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Zhao X, Zhang F, Kandel SR, Brau F, He JJ. HIV Tat and cocaine interactively alter genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression and exacerbate learning and memory impairments. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110765. [PMID: 35508123 PMCID: PMC9615417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use is a major comorbidity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). In this study, we show that cocaine exposure worsens the learning and memory of doxycycline-inducible and brain-specific HIV Tat transgenic mice (iTat) and results in 14,838 hypermethylated CpG-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 15,800 hypomethylated CpG-related DMRs, which are linked to 52 down- and 127 upregulated genes, respectively, in the hippocampus of iTat mice. These genes are mostly enriched at the neuronal function-, cell morphology-, and synapse formation-related extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor-ligand interaction pathway and mostly impacted in microglia. The accompanying neuropathological changes include swollen dendritic spines, increased synaptophysin expression, and diminished glial activation. We also find that sex (female) and age additively worsen the behavioral and pathological changes. These findings together indicate that chronic cocaine and long-term Tat expression interactively contribute to HAND, likely involving changes of DNA methylation and ECM receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Suresh R Kandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Frédéric Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis 06560, France
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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18
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Zhu C, Li H, Kong X, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang F. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist on Cocaine Use Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819470. [PMID: 35300299 PMCID: PMC8921771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health challenge with a high relapse rate and lack of effective pharmacotherapies; therefore, there is a substantial need to identify novel medications to treat this epidemic. Since the advent of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors (GLP-1Rs) agonists (GLP-1RAs), their potential has been extensively explored and expanded. In this review, we first summarized the biological effects of GLP-1, GLP-1Rs, and GLP-1RAs. Subsequently, the recent literature examining the behavioral effects and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of GLP-1RAs on CUD was reviewed. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are promising in regulating dopamine release, dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression and function, mesolimbic reward system and GABAergic neurons, and maladaptive behaviors in animal models of self-administration and conditioned place preference. In addition, the emerging role of GLP-1RAs in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines was reported. These findings indicate that GLP-1RAs perform essential functions in the modulation of cocaine-seeking and cocaine-taking behaviors likely through multifaceted mechanisms. Although the current preclinical evidence provides convincing evidence to support GLP-1RA as a promising pharmacotherapy for CUD, other questions concerning clinical availability, impact and specific mechanisms remain to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuerui Kong
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Yinchuan, China.,Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Monick AJ, Joyce MR, Chugh N, Creighton JA, Morgan OP, Strain EC, Marvel CL. Characterization of basal ganglia volume changes in the context of HIV and polysubstance use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4357. [PMID: 35288604 PMCID: PMC8921181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and psychoactive substances can impact the integrity of the basal ganglia (BG), a neural substrate of cognition, motor control, and reward-seeking behaviors. This study assessed BG gray matter (GM) volume as a function of polysubstance (stimulant and opioid) use and HIV status. We hypothesized that comorbid polysubstance use and HIV seropositivity would alter BG GM volume differently than would polysubstance use or HIV status alone. We collected structural MRI scans, substance use history, and HIV diagnoses. Participants who had HIV (HIV +), a history of polysubstance dependence (POLY +), both, or neither completed assessments for cognition, motor function, and risk-taking behaviors (N = 93). All three clinical groups showed a left-lateralized pattern of GM reduction in the BG relative to controls. However, in the HIV + /POLY + group, stimulant use was associated with increased GM volume within the globus pallidus and putamen. This surpassed the effects from opioid use, as indicated by decreased GM volume throughout the BG in the HIV-/POLY + group. Motor learning was impaired in all three clinical groups, and in the HIV + /POLY + group, motor learning was associated with increased caudate and putamen GM volume. We also observed associations between BG GM volume and risk-taking behaviors in the HIV + /POLY- and HIV-/POLY + groups. The effects of substance use on the BG differed as a function of substance type used, HIV seropositivity, and BG subregion. Although BG volume decreased in association with HIV and opioid use, stimulants can, inversely, lead to BG volume increases within the context of HIV.
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20
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Marusich JA, Gay EA, Stewart DA, Blough BE. Sex differences in inflammatory cytokine levels following synthetic cathinone self-administration in rats. Neurotoxicology 2022; 88:65-78. [PMID: 34742947 PMCID: PMC8748414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones are used as stimulants of abuse. Many abused drugs, including stimulants, activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription leading to increases in NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the level of inflammation appears to correlate with length of abuse. The purpose of this study was to measure the profile of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and TNF-α in brain and plasma to examine if drug exposure alters inflammatory markers. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) (0.1 mg/kg/infusion), 4-methylmethcathinone (4MMC) (0.5 mg/kg/infusion), or saline through autoshaping, and then self-administered for 21 days during 1 h (short access; ShA) or 6 h (long access; LgA) sessions. Separate rats were assigned to a naïve control group. Cytokine levels were examined in amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, and plasma. Rats acquired synthetic cathinone self-administration, and there were no sex differences in drug intake. Synthetic cathinone self-administration produced sex differences in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and TNF-α levels. There were widespread increases in inflammatory cytokines in the brains of male rats compared to females, particularly for 4MMC, whereas females were more likely to show increased inflammatory cytokines in plasma compared to saline groups than males. Furthermore, these sex differences in cytokine levels were more common after LgA access to synthetic cathinones than ShA. These results suggest that synthetic cathinone use likely produces sex-selective patterns of neuroinflammation during the transition from use to abuse. Consequently, treatment need may differ depending on the progression of synthetic cathinone abuse and based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Marusich
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elaine A. Gay
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Bruce E. Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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21
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Canedo T, Portugal CC, Socodato R, Almeida TO, Terceiro AF, Bravo J, Silva AI, Magalhães JD, Guerra-Gomes S, Oliveira JF, Sousa N, Magalhães A, Relvas JB, Summavielle T. Astrocyte-derived TNF and glutamate critically modulate microglia activation by methamphetamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2358-2370. [PMID: 34400780 PMCID: PMC8581027 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a powerful illicit psychostimulant, widely used for recreational purposes. Besides disrupting the monoaminergic system and promoting oxidative brain damage, Meth also causes neuroinflammation, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Aberrant activation of microglia, the largest myeloid cell population in the brain, is a common feature in neurological disorders triggered by neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of microglia elicited by Meth in the adult mouse brain. We found that binge Meth exposure caused microgliosis and disrupted risk assessment behavior (a feature that usually occurs in individuals who abuse Meth), both of which required astrocyte-to-microglia crosstalk. Mechanistically, Meth triggered a detrimental increase of glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes (in a process dependent on TNF production and calcium mobilization), promoting microglial expansion and reactivity. Ablating TNF production, or suppressing astrocytic calcium mobilization, prevented Meth-elicited microglia reactivity and re-established risk assessment behavior as tested by elevated plus maze (EPM). Overall, our data indicate that glial crosstalk is critical to relay alterations caused by acute Meth exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Canedo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Cabral Portugal
- Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Socodato
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Oliveira Almeida
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Terceiro
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Bravo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Silva
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Duarte Magalhães
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Guerra-Gomes
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,grid.410922.c0000 0001 0180 6901IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,ESS.PP, Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Morissette F, Mongeau-Pérusse V, Rizkallah E, Thébault P, Lepage S, Brissette S, Bruneau J, Dubreucq S, Stip E, Cailhier JF, Jutras-Aswad D. Exploring cannabidiol effects on inflammatory markers in individuals with cocaine use disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2101-2111. [PMID: 34331010 PMCID: PMC8505631 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health issue associated with physical, social, and psychological problems. Excessive and repeated cocaine use induces oxidative stress leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained substantial interest for its anti-inflammatory properties, safety, and tolerability profile. However, CBD anti-inflammatory properties have yet to be confirmed in humans. This exploratory study is based on a single-site randomized controlled trial that enrolled participants with CUD between 18 and 65 years, randomized (1:1) to daily receive either CBD (800 mg) or placebo for 92 days. The trial was divided into a 10-day detoxification (phase I) followed by a 12-week outpatient follow-up (phase II). Blood samples were collected from 48 participants at baseline, day 8, week 4, and week 12 and were analyzed to determine monocytes and lymphocytes phenotypes, and concentrations of various inflammatory markers such as cytokines. We used generalized estimating equations to detect group differences. Participants treated with CBD had lower levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.017), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.032), intermediate monocytes CD14+CD16+ (p = 0.024), and natural killer CD56negCD16hi (p = 0.000) compared with participants receiving placebo. CD25+CD4+T cells were higher in the CBD group (p = 0.007). No significant group difference was observed for B lymphocytes. This study suggests that CBD may exert anti-inflammatory effects in individuals with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Morissette
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Violaine Mongeau-Pérusse
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Elie Rizkallah
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Paméla Thébault
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lepage
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Suzanne Brissette
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Simon Dubreucq
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,University Institute on Addictions, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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23
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The Blood-Brain Barrier: Much More Than a Selective Access to the Brain. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2154-2174. [PMID: 34677787 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic structure, collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit. It is responsible for the exchange of blood, oxygen, ions, and other molecules between the peripheral circulation and the brain compartment. It is the main entrance to the central nervous system and as such critical for the maintenance of its homeostasis. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier is a characteristic of several neurovascular pathologies. Moreover, physiological changes, environmental factors, nutritional habits, and psychological stress can modulate the tightness of the barrier. In this contribution, we summarize our current understanding of structure and function of this important component of the brain. We also describe the neurological deficits associated with its damage. A special emphasis is placed in the effect of the exposure to xenobiotics and pollutants in the permeability of the barrier. Finally, current protective strategies as well as the culture models to study this fascinating structure are discussed.
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24
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in Cocaine-Mediated Potentiation on Behavioral Changes in CX3CR1-Deficient Mice. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100963. [PMID: 34683104 PMCID: PMC8540128 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the primary immunocompetent cells of the brain, are suggested to play a role in the development of drug addiction. Previous studies have identified the microglia-derived pro-inflammatory factor IL1β can promote the progression of cocaine addiction. Additionally, the activation status of microglia and “two-hit hypothesis” have been proposed in the field of drug addiction to explain how early life stress (ELS) could significantly increase the incidence of drug addiction in later life. However, the mechanisms underlying microglia prime and full activation and their roles in drug addiction remain greatly unexplored. Here, we employed CX3CR1-GFP mice (CX3CR1 functional deficiency, CX3CR1−/−) to explore whether primed microglia could potentiate cocaine-mediated behavioral changes and the possible underlying mechanisms. CX3CR1−/− mice revealed higher hyperlocomotion activity and conditional place preference than wild-type (WT) mice did under cocaine administration. In parallel, CX3CR1−/− mice showed higher activity of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome than WT mice. Interestingly, CX3CR1 deficiency itself could prime NLRP3 signaling by increasing the expression of NLPR3 and affect lysosome biogenesis under basal conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the functional status of microglia could have an impact on cocaine-mediated reward effects, and NLRP3 inflammasome activity was associated with this phenomenon. This study was consistent with the two-hit hypothesis and provided solid evidence to support the involvement of microglia in drug addiction. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating or blocking the development of drug addiction.
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25
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Narayanan M, Kulkarni R, Jiang S, Kashanchi F, Prasad A. Cocaine augments neuro-inflammation via modulating extracellular vesicle release in HIV-1 infected immune cells. Retrovirology 2021; 18:26. [PMID: 34530855 PMCID: PMC8444590 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular Vesicles (EV) recently have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 syndromes, including neuroinflammation and HIV-1 associated neurological disorder (HAND). Cocaine, an illicit stimulant drug used worldwide is known to exacerbate these HIV-1 associated neurological syndromes. However, the effects of cocaine on EV biogenesis and roles of EVs in enhancing HIV-1 pathogenesis are not yet well defined. Results Here, we investigated the effects of cocaine on EV biogenesis and release in HIV-1 infected immune cells and explored their roles in elicitation of neuroinflammation. We found that cocaine significantly augmented the release of EVs from uninfected and HIV-1 infected T-cells, DCs and macrophages. Further analysis of the molecular components of EVs revealed enhanced expression of adhesion molecules integrin β1 and LFA-1 in those EVs derived from cocaine treated cells. Intriguingly, in EVs derived from HIV-1 infected cells, cocaine treatment significantly increased the levels of viral genes in EVs released from macrophages and DCs, but not in T-cells. Exploring the molecular mechanism to account for this, we found that DCs and macrophages showed enhanced expression of the cocaine receptor Sigma 1-Receptor compared to T-cells. In addition, we found that cocaine significantly altered the integrity of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in HIV-1 infected macrophages and DCs compared to untreated HIV-1 infected cells. Characterizing further the molecular mechanisms involved in how cocaine increased EV release, we found that cocaine decreased the expression of the interferon-inducible protein BST-2; this resulted in altered trafficking of intracellular virus containing vesicles and EV biogenesis and release. We also observed EVs released from cocaine treated HIV-1 infected macrophages and DCs enhanced HIV-1 trans-infection to T-cells compared to those from untreated and HIV-1 infected cells. These EVs triggered release of proinflammatory cytokines in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and altered monolayer integrity. Conclusions Taken together, our results provide a novel mechanism which helps to elucidate the enhanced prevalence of neurological disorders in cocaine using HIV-1 infected individuals and offers insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies against HAND in these hosts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-021-00570-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Narayanan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rutuja Kulkarni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shuxian Jiang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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26
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Apóstol Del Rosal GD, Limón ID, Martínez I, Patricio-Martínez A. The Chronic Oral Administration of Clobenzorex or Amphetamine Decreases Motor Behavior and Induces Glial Activation in the Striatum Without Dopaminergic Degeneration. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1405-1417. [PMID: 34279823 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Described as amphetamine-like due to their structural and stimulant similarities, clobenzorex is one of the five most-commonly used drugs in Mexico for the treatment of obesity. Various studies have shown that amphetamines induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in the striatum, symptoms which are associated with motor damage. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic clobenzorex administration on motor behaviors, TH immunoreactivity, gliosis, and the neurodegenerative process in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The present research was conducted on three experimental groups of male Wistar rats: the vehicle group, the amphetamine group (2 mg/kg), and the clobenzorex group (30 mg/kg). All groups were subject to oral administration every 24 h for 31 days. Motor activity and motor coordination were evaluated in the open field test and the beam walking test, respectively. The animals were euthanized after the last day of treatment to enable the extraction of their brains for the evaluation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, the immunoreactivity of the glial cells, and the neurodegeneration of both the striatum and SNpc via amino-cupric-silver stain. The results obtained show that amphetamine and clobenzorex administration decrease motor activity and motor coordination in the beam walking test and cause increased gliosis in the striatum, while no significant changes were observed in terms of immunoreactivity to TH and neurodegeneration in both the striatum and SNpc. These results suggest that the chronic administration of clobenzorex may decrease motor function in a manner similar to amphetamine, via the neuroadaptive and non-neurotoxic changes caused to the striatum under this administration scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grego David Apóstol Del Rosal
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av. San Claudio Edificio BIO-1 C.U. Col. Jardines de San Manuel A.P, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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27
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Zhu C, Tao H, Rong S, Xiao L, Li X, Jiang S, Guo B, Wang L, Ding J, Gao C, Chang H, Sun T, Wang F. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Exendin-4 Ameliorates Cocaine-Mediated Behavior by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694476. [PMID: 34349653 PMCID: PMC8327264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exendin-4 (Ex4), a long-lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, was reported to exert favourable actions on inhibiting cocaine-associated rewarding and reinforcing effects of drug in animal models of addiction. However, the therapeutic potential of different dose of GLP-1 receptor agonist Ex4 in different behavioral paradigms and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. Herein, we firstly investigated the effects of Ex4 on cocaine-induced condition place preference (CPP) as well as extinction and reinstatement in male C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanism of these actions of Ex4. The paradigm of cocaine-induced CPP was established using 20 mg/kg cocaine or saline alternately during conditioning, while the reinstatement paradigm was modeled using 10 mg/kg cocaine on the reinstatement day. Different dose of Ex4 was administrated intraperitoneally either during conditioning or during extinction state or only on the test day. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the potential effects of Ex4 on maladaptive behaviors of cocaine, the TLR4-related inflammation within the hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence staining, and the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were detected by Western blotting. As a consequence, systemic administration of different dose of Ex4 was sufficient to inhibit the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced CPP, facilitate the extinction of cocaine-associated reward and attenuate reinstatement of cocaine-induced behavior. Furthermore, Ex4 treatment diminished expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which were up-regulated by cocaine exposure. Altogether, our results indicated that Ex4 effectively ameliorated cocaine-induced behaviors likely through neurobiological mechanisms partly attributable to the inhibition of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β in mice. Consequently, our findings improved our understanding of the efficacy of Ex4 for the amelioration of cocaine-induced behavior and suggested that Ex4 may be applied as a drug candidate for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shikuo Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Second Hospital, Chendu, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinxiao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shucai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baorui Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caibing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haigang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Wang YC, Chiu WC, Cheng CN, Lee C, Chih Wei Huang A. Examination of neuroinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus for the paradoxical effects of reward and aversion induced by morphine. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136076. [PMID: 34153368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that abused drugs could simultaneously induce the paradoxical effect-reward and aversion. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala, and hippocampus were involved in this paradoxical effect by abused drugs. However, no research examined whether neuroinflammatory changes in the mPFC [including cingulate cortex area 1 (Cg1); prelimbic cortex (PrL); infralimbic cortex (IL)], basolateral amygdala, and hippocampus [e.g., CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)] after morphine-induced reward in conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion in conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The results showed that after morphine administration, the consumption of a 0.1% saccharin solution decreased; the mean time spent in the morphine-paired side compartment of the CPP box increased, indicating that morphine simultaneously induced the paradoxical effects of reward and aversion. The PrL and IL of the mPFC, the BLA of the amygdala, the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus but not the Cg1 presented hyperactive IL-1β expression in response to morphine's aversion and reward. The mPFC, amygdala, and hippocampus may appear neuroinflammation activity following morphine-induced paradoxical effect-reward in CPP and aversion in CTA. The present data may provide a better understanding of the relationship between neuroinflammation and morphine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-N Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhong-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chiang Lee
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County 26247, Taiwan
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Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Nagy EK, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650785. [PMID: 33935636 PMCID: PMC8082184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity and contribute to substance abuse-related behaviors. Immune signaling within the brain and the periphery critically regulates homeostasis of the nervous system. Perturbations in immune signaling can induce neuroinflammation or immunosuppression, which dysregulate nervous system function including neural processes associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). In this review, we discuss the literature that demonstrates a role of neuroimmune signaling in regulating learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing specific cytokine signaling within the central nervous system. We then highlight recent preclinical studies, within the last 5 years when possible, that have identified immune mechanisms within the brain and the periphery associated with addiction-related behaviors. Findings thus far underscore the need for future investigations into the clinical potential of immunopharmacology as a novel approach toward treating SUDs. Considering the high prevalence rate of comorbidities among those with SUDs, we also discuss neuroimmune mechanisms of common comorbidities associated with SUDs and highlight potentially novel treatment targets for these comorbid conditions. We argue that immunopharmacology represents a novel frontier in the development of new pharmacotherapies that promote long-term abstinence from drug use and minimize the detrimental impact of SUD comorbidities on patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Erin K. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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May AC, Burrows K, Figueroa-Hall LK, Kirlic N, White EJ, Smith R, Ekhtiari H, Paulus MP, Savitz J, Stewart JL. Sex differences in circulating inflammatory mediators as a function of substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108610. [PMID: 33631550 PMCID: PMC8026624 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUD) with comorbid depression and anxiety are linked to poor treatment outcome and relapse. Although some depressed individuals exhibit elevated blood-based inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and C reactive protein [CRP]), few studies have examined whether the presence of SUD exacerbates inflammation. METHODS Treatment-seeking individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and/or SUD (N = 160; 80 % with MDD) recruited into the Tulsa 1000 study provided blood samples, participated in clinical interviews, and completed a questionnaire battery querying symptoms of current psychopathology and emotional processing. Analyses followed a multistep process. First, groups were created on the presence versus absence of 1+ lifetime SUD diagnoses: SUD+ (37 F, 43 M) and SUD- (60 F, 20 M). Second, a principal component analysis (PCA) of questionnaire data resulted in two factors, one indexing negative emotionality/withdrawal motivation and one measuring positive emotionality/approach motivation. Third, SUD groups, extracted PCA factors, and nuisance covariates (age, body mass index [BMI], nicotine use, psychotropic medication [and hormone/contraception use in females]) were entered as simultaneous predictors of blood-based inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CRP). RESULTS Within females, SUD + exhibited higher IL-8 and IL-10 but lower CRP levels than SUD-. In contrast, SUD was not associated with biomarker levels in males. Across sexes, higher BMI was linked to higher IL-6 and CRP levels, and within the five biomarkers, IL-6 and CRP shared the most variance. CONCLUSION These findings point to sex-specific inflammatory profiles as a function of SUD that may provide new targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C May
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Evan J White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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31
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Vannan A, Powell GL, Dell'Orco M, Wilson MA, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Neisewander JL. microRNA regulation related to the protective effects of environmental enrichment against cocaine-seeking behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108585. [PMID: 33647589 PMCID: PMC8042572 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are "master post-transcriptional regulators" of gene expression. Here we investigate miRNAs involved in the incentive motivation for cocaine elicited by exposure to cocaine-associated cues. METHODS We conducted NanoString nCounter analyses of microRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell of male rats that had been tested for cue reactivity in a previous study. These rats had been trained to self-administer cocaine while living in isolate housing, then during a subsequent 21-day forced abstinence period they either stayed under isolate housing or switched to environmental enrichment (EE), as this EE intervention is known to decrease cocaine seeking. This allowed us to create groups of "high" and "low" cocaine seekers using a median split of cocaine-seeking behavior. RESULTS Differential expression analysis across high- and low-seekers identified 33 microRNAs that were differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens shell. Predicted mRNA targets of these microRNAs are implicated in synaptic plasticity, neuronal signaling, and neuroinflammation signaling, and many are known addiction-related genes. Of the 33 differentially-expressed microRNAs, 8 were specifically downregulated in the low-seeking group and another set of 8 had expression levels that were significantly correlated with cocaine-seeking behavior. CONCLUSION These findings not only confirm the involvement of previously identified microRNAs (e.g., miR-212, miR-495) but also reveal novel microRNAs (e.g., miR-3557, miR-377) that alter, or are altered by, processes associated with cocaine-seeking behavior. Further research examining the mechanisms involved in these microRNA changes and their effects on signaling may reveal novel therapeutic targets for attenuating drug craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vannan
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory L Powell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Michela Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Ahearn OC, Watson MN, Rawls SM. Chemokines, cytokines and substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 220:108511. [PMID: 33465606 PMCID: PMC7889725 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious pharmacotherapies for the treatment of substance use disorders need to be expanded and improved. Non-neuronal cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, have emerged as therapeutic targets for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat dependence and relapse that accompanies chronic drug use. Cytokines and chemokines are neuroimmune factors expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia that demonstrate promising clinical utility as therapeutic targets for substance use disorders. In this review, we describe a role for cytokines and chemokines in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of alcohol, opioids, and psychostimulants. We also discuss emerging cytokine- and chemokine-based therapeutic strategies that differ from conventional strategies directed toward transporters and receptors within the dopamine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and GABA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Ahearn
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mia N. Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott M. Rawls
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Noradrenergic correlates of chronic cocaine craving: neuromelanin and functional brain imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:851-859. [PMID: 33408330 PMCID: PMC8027452 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have implicated noradrenergic (NA) dysfunction in cocaine addiction. In particular, the NA system plays a central role in motivated behavior and may partake in the regulation of craving and drug use. Yet, human studies of the NA system are scarce, likely hampered by the difficulty in precisely localizing the locus coeruleus (LC). Here, we used neuromelanin imaging to localize the LC and quantified LC neuromelanin signal (NMS) intensity in 44 current cocaine users (CU; 37 men) and 59 nondrug users (NU; 44 men). We also employed fMRI to investigate cue-induced regional responses and LC functional connectivities, as quantified by generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI), in CU. Imaging data were processed by published routines and the findings were evaluated with a corrected threshold. We examined how these neural measures were associated with chronic cocaine craving, as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ). Compared to NU, CU demonstrated higher LC NMS for all probabilistic thresholds defined of 50-90% of the peak. In contrast, NMS of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) did not show significant group differences. Drug as compared to neutral cues elicited higher activations of many cortical and subcortical regions, none of which were significantly correlated with CCQ score. Drug vs. neutral cues also elicited "deactivation" of bilateral parahippocampal gyri (PHG) and PHG gPPI with a wide array of cortical and subcortical regions, including the ventral striatum and, with small volume correction, the LC. Less deactivation of the PHG (r = 0.40, p = 0.008) and higher PHG-LC gPPI (r = 0.44, p = 0.003) were positively correlated with the CCQ score. In contrast, PHG-VTA/SN connectivity did not correlate with the CCQ score. Together, chronic cocaine exposure may induce higher NMS intensity, suggesting neurotoxic effects on the LC. The correlation of cue-elicited PHG LC connectivity with CCQ score suggests a noradrenergic correlate of chronic cocaine craving. Potentially compensating for memory functions as in neurodegenerative conditions, cue-elicited PHG LC circuit connectivity plays an ill-adaptive role in supporting cocaine craving.
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Mason B, Calhoun C, Woytowicz V, Pina L, Kanda R, Dunn C, Alves A, Donaldson ST. CXCR4 inhibition with AMD3100 attenuates amphetamine induced locomotor activity in adolescent Long Evans male rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247707. [PMID: 33647040 PMCID: PMC7920371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent psychostimulant abuse has been on the rise over the past decade. This trend has demonstrable ramifications on adolescent behavior and brain morphology, increasing risk for development of addiction during adolescence and in later adulthood. Neuroimmune substrates are implicated in the etiology of substance use disorders. To add to this body of work, the current study was developed to explore the role of a chemokine receptor, CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4), in the development of amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization. We targeted CXCR4 as it is implicated in developmental processes, dopaminergic transmission, neuroimmune responses, and the potentiation of psychostimulant abuse pathology. To evaluate the role of CXCR4 activity on the development of AMPH sensitization, a CXCR4 antagonist (Plerixafor; AMD3100) was administered to rats as a pretreatment variable. Specifically, adolescent Long Evans male rats (N = 37) were divided into four groups: (1) AMD3100 (IP, 4.0 mg/kg) + AMPH (IP, 4.0 mg/kg), (2) saline (SAL; 0.9% NaCl) + AMPH, (3) AMD3100 + SAL, and (4) SAL + SAL. Animals were first habituated to locomotor activity (LMA) chambers, then injected with a pretreatment drug (AMD3100 or SAL) followed by AMPH or SAL every other for four days. After a one-week withdrawal period, all animals were administered a low challenge dose of AMPH (IP, 1.0 mg/kg). AMPH-injected rats displayed significantly more locomotor activity compared to controls across all testing days. CXCR4 antagonism significantly attenuated AMPH-induced locomotor activity. On challenge day, AMD3100 pre-treated animals exhibited diminutive AMPH-induced locomotor activity compared to SAL pre-treated animals. Postmortem analyses of brain tissue revealed elevated CXCR4 protein levels in the striatum of all experimental groups. Our results implicate CXCR4 signaling in the development of AMPH sensitization and may represent an important therapeutic target for future research in psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mason
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Corey Calhoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Victoria Woytowicz
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Latifa Pina
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roshninder Kanda
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Curtis Dunn
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio Alves
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - S. Tiffany Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Assis MA, Díaz D, Ferrado R, Ávila-Zarza CA, Weruaga E, Ambrosio E. Transplantation with Lewis bone marrow induces the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in male F344 resistant rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:23-34. [PMID: 33278561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges to understand drug addiction is defining the biological mechanisms that underlie individual differences in recidivism. Studies of these mechanisms have mainly focused on the brain, yet we demonstrate here a significant influence of the peripheral immune system on this phenomenon. Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats have different immunological profiles and they display a distinct vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine, with F344 more resistant to reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior. Bone marrow from male LEW and F344 rats was transferred to male F344 rats (F344/LEW-BM and F344/F344-BM, respectively), and these rats were trained to self-administer cocaine over 21 days. Following extinction, these animals received a sub-threshold primer dose of cocaine to evaluate reinstatement. F344/LEW-BM but not F344/F344-BM rats reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior, in conjunction with changes in their peripheral immune cell populations to a profile that corresponded to that of the LEW donors. After cocaine exposure, higher CD4+ T-cells and lower CD4+CD25+ T-cells levels were observed in F344/LEW-BM rats referred to control, and the splenic expression of Il-17a, Tgf-β, Tlr-2, Tlr-4 and Il-1β was altered in both groups. We propose that peripheral T-cells respond to cocaine, with CD4+ T-cells in particular undergoing Th17 polarization and generating long-term memory, these cells releasing mediators that trigger central mechanisms to induce reinstatement after a second encounter. This immune response may explain the high rates of recidivism observed despite long periods of detoxification, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability and resilience of specific individuals, and opening new perspectives for personalized medicine in the treatment of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Assis
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
| | - David Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Ferrado
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Grupo de Estadística Aplicada, Departamento de Estadísticas, USAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Jedema HP, Song X, Aizenstein HJ, Bonner AR, Stein EA, Yang Y, Bradberry CW. Long-Term Cocaine Self-administration Produces Structural Brain Changes That Correlate With Altered Cognition. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:376-385. [PMID: 33012519 PMCID: PMC7855373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enduring question from cross-sectional clinical studies is whether the structural and functional differences often observed between cocaine users and healthy control subjects result from a history of drug use or instead reflect preexisting differences. To assess causality from drug exposure, true predrug baseline imaging and neurocognitive assessments are needed. METHODS We addressed this fundamental question of causality using longitudinal anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and neurocognitive assessments in rhesus macaques. Cognitive tasks employed were stimulus reversal learning as a measure of cognitive flexibility/inhibitory control and delayed match to sample as a measure of visual working memory. Time points examined were before and following 12 months of chronic cocaine (n = 8) or water (n = 6) self-administration. A magnetic resonance imaging-only time point was also obtained following 2 years of forced abstinence. RESULTS We identified localized patterns of gray matter density (GMD) changes that were largely concordant with cross-sectional clinical studies. These included decreases in orbitofrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and temporal cortex. There was also a prominent increase in GMD in the caudate putamen. GMD decreases were significantly correlated with cognitive impairments across individuals only in select cortical regions. Following abstinence, changes in GMD in some regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala, were persistent and thus may play an important role in risk of relapse following extended abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine use is causal in producing regional changes in GMD, and those changes appear to drive cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank P. Jedema
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Alexandra R. Bonner
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Current address, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Charles W. Bradberry
- Dept of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore MD, USA,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh PA, USA,corresponding author: 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224; ; ph: 443-740-2519
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Blockade Reduces Cocaine-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2215-2230. [PMID: 33417223 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is a major health crisis that is associated with increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. While the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating neuroinflammation is well-recognized, whether cocaine induces this response remains unexplored. Based on the premise that cocaine induces both reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as microglial activation, we hypothesized that cocaine-mediated microglial activation involves both ROS and NLRP3 signaling pathways. We examined activation of the NLRP3 pathway in microglia exposed to cocaine, followed by validation in mice administered either cocaine or saline for 7 days, with or without pretreatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, and in postmortem cortical brain tissues of chronic cocaine-dependent humans. We found that microglia exposed to cocaine exhibited significant induction of NLRP3 and mature IL-1β expression. Intriguingly, blockade of ROS (Tempol) attenuated cocaine-mediated priming of NLRP3 and microglial activation (CD11b). Blockade of NLRP3 by both pharmacological (MCC950) as well as gene silencing (siNLRP3) approaches underpinned the critical role of NLRP3 in cocaine-mediated activation of inflammasome and microglial activation. Pretreatment of mice with MCC950 followed by cocaine administration for 7 days mitigated cocaine-mediated upregulation of mature IL-1β and CD11b, in both the striatum and the cortical regions. Furthermore, cortical brain tissues of chronic cocaine-dependent humans also exhibited upregulated expression of the NLRP3 pathway mediators compared with non-cocaine dependent controls. Collectively, these findings suggest that cocaine activates microglia involving the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation. NLRP3 can thus be considered as a potential therapeutic target for alleviating cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Blum K, Gold MS, Cadet JL, Baron D, Bowirrat A, Thanos PK, Brewer R, Badgaiyan RD, Gondré-Lewis MC. Dopaminylation in Psychostimulant Use Disorder Protects Against Psychostimulant Seeking Behavior by Normalizing Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) Dopamine Expression. CURRENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 11:11-17. [PMID: 36046837 PMCID: PMC9426774 DOI: 10.2174/2211556009666210108112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated cocaine administration changes histone acetylation and methylation on Lys residues and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Recently Nestler's group explored histone Arg (R) methylation in reward processing models. Damez-Werno et al. (2016) reported that during human investigations and animal self-administration experiments, the histone mark protein-R-methyltransferase-6 (PRMT6) and asymmetric dimethylation of R2 on histone H3 (H3R2me2a) decreased in the rodent and cocaine-dependent human NAc. Overexpression of PRMT6 in D2-MSNs in all NAc neurons increased cocaine seeking, whereas PRMT6 overexpression in D1-MSNs protects against cocaine-seeking. HYPOTHESIS The hypothesis is that dopaminylation (H3R2me2a binding) occurs in psychostimulant use disorder (PSU), and the binding inhibitor Srcin1, like the major DRD2 A2 allelic polymorphism, protects against psychostimulant seeking behavior by normalizing nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine expression. DISCUSSION Numerous publications confirmed the association between the DRD2 Taq A1 allele (30-40 lower D2 receptor numbers) and severe cocaine dependence. Lepack et al. (2020) found that acute cocaine increases dopamine in NAc synapses, and results in histone H3 glutamine 5 dopaminylation (H3Q5dop) and consequent inhibition of D2 expression. The inhibition increases with chronic cocaine use and accompanies cocaine withdrawal. They also found that the Src kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (Srcin1 or p140CAP) during cocaine withdrawal reduced H3R2me2a binding. Consequently, this inhibited dopaminylation induced a "homeostatic brake." CONCLUSION The decrease in Src signaling in NAc D2-MSNs, (like the DRD2 Taq A2 allele, a well-known genetic mechanism protective against SUD) normalizes the NAc dopamine expression and decreases cocaine reward and motivation to self-administer cocaine. The Srcin1 may be an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University, Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington, University, School of Medicine, St. louis, MO., USA
| | - Jean L. Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Baron
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University, Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics, In-terdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology & Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addiction, Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Raymond Brewer
- Division of Precision Nutrition, GARS, IP, LLC., Austin, TX., USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marjorie C. Gondré-Lewis
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University, WashingtonD.C, USA
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, WashingtonD.C., USA
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Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111297. [PMID: 33198269 PMCID: PMC7697917 DOI: 10.3390/v12111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both substance use disorder and HIV infection continue to affect many individuals. Both have untoward effects on the brain, and the two conditions often co-exist. In the brain, macrophages and microglia are infectable by HIV, and these cells are also targets for the effects of drugs of abuse, such as the psychostimulant methamphetamine. To determine the interaction of HIV and methamphetamine, we isolated microglia and brain macrophages from SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that were treated with or without methamphetamine. Cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing and results were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analysis. In the animals treated with methamphetamine, a significantly increased proportion of the microglia and/or macrophages were infected by SIV. In addition, gene encoding functions in cell death pathways were increased, and the brain-derived neurotropic factor pathway was inhibited. The gene expression patterns in infected cells did not cluster separately from uninfected cells, but clusters comprised of microglia and/or macrophages from methamphetamine-treated animals differed in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathways from those comprised of cells from untreated animals. Methamphetamine increases CNS infection by SIV and has adverse effects on both infected and uninfected microglia and brain macrophages, highlighting the dual and interacting harms of HIV infection and drug abuse on the brain.
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Małkiewicz MA, Małecki A, Toborek M, Szarmach A, Winklewski PJ. Substances of abuse and the blood brain barrier: Interactions with physical exercise. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:204-216. [PMID: 33038347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders pose a common medical, social and financial problem. Among the pathomechanisms of substance use disorders, the disruption and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier has been recently revealed. Physical exercise appears to be a relatively inexpensive and feasible way to implement behavioral therapy counteracting the blood-brain barrier impairment. Concomitantly, there are also studies supporting a potential protective role of selected substances of abuse in maintaining the blood-brain barrier integrity. In this review, we aim to provide a summary on the modulatory influence of physical exercise, a non-pharmacological intervention, on the blood-brain barrier alterations caused by substances of abuse. Further studies are needed to understand the precise mechanisms that underlie various effects of physical exercise in substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Małkiewicz
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Toborek
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Szarmach
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł J Winklewski
- 2-nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Alasmari F, Alsanea S, Masood A, Alhazzani K, Alanazi IO, Musambil M, Alfadda AA, Alshammari MA, Alasmari AF, Benabdelkamel H. Serum proteomic profiling of patients with amphetamine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108157. [PMID: 32652378 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphetamine use disorder has been recently classified as an epidemic condition. Amphetamine use/abuse has been associated with several neurological and inflammatory effects. However, the exact mechanism involved in these effects warrants further investigation. The aim of this study was to determine any alterations in the serum proteome of individuals classified as patients with amphetamine use disorder compared to that of control subjects. METHODS An untargeted proteomic approach employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the patterns of differentially expressed proteins. Serum samples were collected from 20 individuals (males) including 10 subjects with amphetamine use disorder and 10 healthy controls for the present study. RESULTS The analysis revealed 78 proteins with a significant difference in protein abundance between the amphetamine-addicted subjects and controls. Among them, 71 proteins were upregulated while 7 proteins remained downregulated in the amphetamine-addicted group. These proteins were further analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to investigate their correlation with other biomarkers. IPA revealed the correlation of altered proteins with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP2K1/K2), p38MAPK, protein kinase-B (PKB; Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. Importantly, these pathways are highly involved in neurological diseases, inflammatory responses, and cellular compromise. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the changes in the levels of serum proteins between amphetamine and control groups might affect cellular compromise, inflammatory response, and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- The National Center of Biotechnology (NCB), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohthash Musambil
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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Rania M, Petersen LV, Benros ME, Liu Z, Diaz L, Bulik CM. Psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with bullous pemphigoid and all bullous disorders in the Danish national registers. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:411. [PMID: 32819315 PMCID: PMC7439544 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease that takes a profound physical and mental toll on those affected. The aim of the study was to investigate the bidirectional association between BP and all bullous disorders (ABD) with a broad array of psychiatric disorders, exploring the influence of prescribed medications. METHODS This nationwide, register-based cohort study encompassed 6,470,450 individuals born in Denmark and alive from 1994 to 2016. The hazard ratios (HRs) of a subsequent psychiatric disorder in patients with BP/ABD and the reverse exposure and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS Several psychiatric disorders were associated with increased risk of subsequent BP (4.18-fold for intellectual disorders, 2.32-fold for substance use disorders, 2.01-fold for schizophrenia and personality disorders, 1.92-1.85-1.49-fold increased risk for organic disorders, neurotic and mood disorders), independent of psychiatric medications. The association between BP and subsequent psychiatric disorders was not significant after adjusting for BP medications, except for organic disorders (HR 1.27, CI 1.04-1.54). Similar results emerged with ABD. CONCLUSION Psychiatric disorders increase the risk of a subsequent diagnosis of BP/ABD independent of medications, whereas medications used for the treatment of BP/ABD appear to account for the subsequent onset of psychiatric disorders. Clinically, an integrated approach attending to both dermatological and psychiatric symptoms is recommended, and dermatologists should remain vigilant for early symptoms of psychiatric disorders to decrease mental health comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rania
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy ,Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Erikson Benros
- grid.4973.90000 0004 0646 7373Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhi Liu
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Departments of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Luis Diaz
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Departments of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Kong N, Bao Y, Zhao H, Kang X, Tai X, Shen Y. Methylphenidate causes cytotoxicity on photoreceptor cells via autophagy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:71-80. [PMID: 32748667 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120940357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is used as the first-line treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, there are concerns that this treatment may be associated with increased risk of retinal damage. This study was to investigate cytotoxicity of MPH on photoreceptor cells and explore its underlying mechanisms. MPH-caused cell toxicity was established in 661 W cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromid and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Oxidative stress was measured by the markers: glutathione (GSH) reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities as well as GSH, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels. Gene and protein expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, respectively. Results showed that MPH decreased 661 W cell viability, increased caspase-3/9 activities, and induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, MPH treatment increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3B) protein expression in 661 W cells, suggesting autophagy was induced. MPH treatment also upregulated p-JAK1/p-STAT1 protein expression. These data demonstrated that MPH could increase oxidative stress in photoreceptor cells to cause cell toxicity via autophagy, providing the scientific rationale for the photoreceptor cell damage caused by the MPH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, 477093Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, 477093Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Zhao
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of 66287Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - X Kang
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of 66287Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - X Tai
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of 66287Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Y Shen
- Center of Myopia, Affiliated Hospital of 66287Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Burkovetskaya ME, Liu Q, Vadukoot AK, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Kumar S, Miczek K, Buch S, Hopkins CR, Guo M. KVA-D-88, a Novel Preferable Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor, Decreases Cocaine-Mediated Reward Properties in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2231-2242. [PMID: 32609488 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction remains a major public concern throughout the world especially in developed countries. In the last three decades, significant achievements have led to a greater understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the development of cocaine addiction; however, there are no FDA-approved treatments available to reverse or block this brain disease due to either the unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy or severe side effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to cocaine elevates levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a neuroadaptative response in reward-related brain regions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, which elevate cAMP levels, have been shown to block cocaine-mediated behavioral changes related to psychoactive and reinforcing properties. Unfortunately, previously studied PDE4 inhibitors induce severe side-effects, which limit their clinical usage. In this study, we identified a novel PDE4B inhibitor, KVA-D-88, with an improved selectivity profile compared to previous compounds (e.g., rolipram). Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that this compound is brain penetrant and preferably acts on PDE4B compared to PDE4D in vitro, alluding to less unwanted side effects with KVA-D-88 in vivo. Interestingly, pretreatment with KVA-D-88 significantly inhibited cocaine-induced hyperlocomotor activity. In cocaine self-administering mice with differential schedules, KVA-D-88 strikingly decreased the number of active nose-pokes and cocaine infusions and reduced the break point. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that this novel PDE4 inhibitor, KVA-D-88, could inhibit cocaine-mediated rewarding effects implying its potential clinical usage for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Burkovetskaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Anish K. Vadukoot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Klaus Miczek
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 530 Boston Ave, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Minglei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
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Chivero ET, Liao K, Niu F, Tripathi A, Tian C, Buch S, Hu G. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-124 Attenuate Cocaine-Mediated Activation of Microglia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573. [PMID: 32850781 PMCID: PMC7409518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), a brain-enriched microRNA, is known to regulate microglial quiescence. Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been shown to activate microglia by downregulating miR-124, leading, in turn, to neuroinflammation. We thus rationalized that restoring the levels of miR-124 could function as a potential therapeutic approach for cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation. Delivering miRNA based drugs in the brain that are effective and less invasive, however, remains a major challenge in the field. Herein we engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) and loaded them with miR-124 for delivery in the brain. Approach involved co-transfection of mouse dendritic cells with Dicer siRNA and RVG-Lamp2b plasmid to deplete endogenous miRNAs and for targeting the CNS, respectively. Mouse primary microglia (mPm) were treated with purified engineered EVs loaded with either Cy5-miR-124 or Cy5-scrambled miRNA oligos in the presence or absence of cocaine followed by assessing EV uptake and microglial activation. In vivo studies involved pretreating mice intranasally with engineered EVs followed by cocaine injection (20 mg/kg, i.p.). mPm exposed to EV-miR-124 exhibited reduced expression of miR-124 targets - TLR4 and STAT3 as well as ERK-1/2 and Iba1. In cocaine administered mice, EV-Cy5-miR-124 delivered intranasally were detected in the CNS and significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers TLR4, MYD88, STAT3 and NF-kB p65 while also downregulating the microglial activation marker, Iba1. Collectively, these findings suggest that engineered EVs can deliver miR-124 into the CNS, thereby alleviating cocaine-mediated microglial activation. Manipulating EV miRNAs can thus be envisioned as an efficient means for delivery of RNA-based therapeutics to target organs.
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Liang H, Tang WK, Chu WCW, Ernst T, Chen R, Chang L. Striatal and white matter volumes in chronic ketamine users with or without recent regular stimulant use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 213:108063. [PMID: 32498030 PMCID: PMC7686125 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found enlarged striatum and white matter in those with stimulants use disorders. Whether primarily ketamine users (Primarily-K) and ketamine users who co-used stimulants and other substances (K+PolyS) have abnormal brain volumes is unknown. This study aims to evaluate possible brain structural abnormalities, cognitive function and depressive symptoms, between Primarily-K and K+PolyS users. METHODS Striatal and white matter volumes were automatically segmented in 39 Primarily-K users, 41 K+PolyS users and 46 non-drug users (ND). Cognitive performance in 7 neurocognitive domains and depressive symptoms were also evaluated. RESULTS Ketamine users had larger caudates than ND-controls (Right: 1-way-ANCOVA-p=0.035; K+PolyS vs. ND, p=0.030; Linear trend for K+PolyS>Primarily-K>ND, p=0.011; Left: 1-way-ANCOVA-p=0.047, Primarily-K vs. ND p=0.051) and larger total white matter (1-way ANCOVA-p=0.009, Poly+K vs. Primarily-K, p=0.05; Poly+K vs. ND p=0.011; Linear trend for K+PolyS>Primarily-K >ND, p=0.004). Across all ketamine users, they performed poorer on Arithmetic, learning and memory tasks, and were more depressed than Non-users (p<0.001 to p=0.001). Greater lifetime ketamine usage correlated with more depressive symptoms (r=0.27, p=0.008). Larger white matter correlated with better learning across all participants (r=0.21, p=0.019), while larger right caudate correlated with lower depression scores in ketamine users (r=-0.28, p=0.013). CONCLUSION Ketamine users had larger caudates and total white matter than ND-controls. The even larger white matter in K+PolyS users suggests additive effects from co-use of ketamine and stimulants. However, across the ketamine users, since greater volumes were associated with better learning and less depressive symptom, the enlarged caudates and white matter might represent a compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Wai Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Winnie CW Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Soder HE, Berumen AM, Gomez KE, Green CE, Suchting R, Wardle MC, Vincent J, Teixeira AL, Schmitz JM, Lane SD. Elevated Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Older Adults with Cocaine Use Disorder as a Marker of Chronic Inflammation. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:32-40. [PMID: 31958903 PMCID: PMC7006975 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a non-specific, easy-to-obtain marker of inflammation associated with morbidity and mortality in systemic, psychiatric, and age-related inflammatory conditions. Given the growing trend of substance use disorder (SUD) in older adults, and the relationship between inflammation and SUD elevated NLR may serve as a useful inflammatory biomarker of the combined burden of aging and SUD. The present study focused on cocaine use disorder (CUD) to examine if cocaine adds further inflammatory burden among older adults, by comparing NLR values between older adults with CUD and a non-cocaine using, aged-matched, nationally representative sample. Methods The dataset included 107 (86% male) participants (aged 50-65 years) with cocaine use disorder. NLR was derived from complete blood count tests by dividing the absolute value of peripheral neutrophil concentration by lymphocyte concentration. For comparison, we extracted data from age-matched adults without CUD using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with immunocompromising conditions were excluded (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and sexually transmitted infections such as HIV). A doubly-robust inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) propensity score method was used to estimate group differences on NLR while controlling for potential confounding variables (age, gender, race, income, nicotine, marijuana and alcohol use). Results The IPWRA model revealed that the CUD sample had significantly elevated NLR in comparison to non-cocaine users, with a moderate effect size (β weight = 0.67). Conclusion Although non-specific, NLR represents a readily obtainable inflammatory marker for SUD research. CUD may add further inflammatory burden to aging cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Soder
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Amber M Berumen
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Kira E Gomez
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Charles E Green
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA.,epartment of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston,TX, USA
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Margaret C Wardle
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | | | - Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, TX, USA
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Correia C, Romieu P, Olmstead MC, Befort K. Can cocaine-induced neuroinflammation explain maladaptive cocaine-associated memories? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:69-83. [PMID: 31935376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent and intrusive memories define a number of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. In the latter, memory for drug-paired cues plays a critical role in sustaining compulsive drug use as these are potent triggers of relapse. As with many drugs, cocaine-cue associated memory is strengthened across presentations as cues become reliable predictors of drug availability. Recently, the targeting of cocaine-associated memory through disruption of the reconsolidation process has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy; reconsolidation reflects the active process by which memory is re-stabilized after retrieval. In addition, a separate line of work reveals that neuroinflammatory markers, regulated by cocaine intake, play a role in memory processes. Our review brings these two literatures together by summarizing recent findings on cocaine-associated reconsolidation and cocaine-induced neuroinflammation. We discuss the interactions between reconsolidation processes and neuroinflammation following cocaine use, concluding with a new perspective on treatment to decrease risk of relapse to cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Correia
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Romieu
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Dept. Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katia Befort
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Nolan RA, Reeb KL, Rong Y, Matt SM, Johnson HS, Runner K, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine activates NF-κB and primes the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary human macrophages. Brain Behav Immun Health 2019; 2. [PMID: 33665636 PMCID: PMC7929492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of innate immune genes in the brain is thought to be a major factor in the development of addiction to substances of abuse. As the major component of the innate immune system in the brain, aberrant activation of myeloid cells such as macrophages and microglia due to substance use may mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to the development of addiction. All addictive drugs modulate the dopaminergic system and our previous studies have identified dopamine as a pro-inflammatory modulator of macrophage function. However, the mechanism that mediates this effect is currently unknown. Inflammatory activation of macrophages and induction of cytokine production is often mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB, and prior studies have shown that dopamine can modulate NF-κB activity in T-cells and other non-immune cell lines. Here we demonstrated that dopamine can activate NF-κB in primary human macrophages, resulting in the induction of its downstream targets including the NLRP3 inflammasome and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These data also indicate that dopamine primes but does not activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. Activation of NF-κB was required for dopamine-mediated increases in IL-1β, as an inhibitor of NF-κB was able to abrogate the effects of dopamine on production of these cytokines. Connecting an increase in extracellular dopamine to NF-κB activation and inflammation suggests specific intracellular targets that could be used to ameliorate the inflammatory impact of dopamine in neuroinflammatory conditions associated with myeloid cell activation such as addiction. Dopamine exposure primes, but does not activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammasome priming can be mediated, at least partially, by a dopamine-induced increase in the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in primary human macrophages. Dopamine additively increases the impact of cytomegalovirus on NF-κB activation in macrophages. Dopamine priming increases IL-1β release in response to inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - K L Reeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - Y Rong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - S M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
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