1
|
Patel BK, Patel KH, Lee CN, Moochhala S. Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10076. [PMID: 39337561 PMCID: PMC11432184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota's role as a primary determinant of athletes' health, which has piqued interest in the hypothesis that it correlates with athletes' physical performance. Athletes' physical performances could be impacted by the metabolic activity of the assortment of microbes found in their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets of an athlete's physiology, including immune response, gut membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, and the gut-brain axis. Several physiological variables govern the gut microbiota; hence, an intricately tailored and complex framework must be implemented to comprehend the performance-microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and physical fitness, revealing that athletes who engage in regular physical activity exhibit a richer diversity of gut microbes, particularly within the Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared to their sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, it is challenging to implement an unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding an athlete to accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles the research on the effects of gut microbiota modulation on performance in sports and illustrates how different supplementation strategies for gut microbiota have the ability to improve athletic performance by enhancing physical capacities. In addition to promoting athletes' overall health, this study evaluates the existing literature in an effort to shed light on how interventions involving the gut microbiota can dramatically improve performance on the field. The findings should inform both theoretical and practical developments in the fields of sports nutrition and training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Kadamb Haribhai Patel
- Temasek Polytechnic, School of Applied Sciences, 21 Tampines Ave 1, Singapore 529757, Singapore;
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sangkuanun T, Tipbunjong C, Yasuhiko K, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Dragon fruit-derived oligosaccharides alter hemocyte-mediated immunity and expression of genes related to innate immunity and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105251. [PMID: 39168396 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic that enhances the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna, increases the expression of genes involved in immunity, and reduces oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of DFO on the expression of innate immunity- (Toll, Pelle, proPO, A2M, and CTL), oxidative stress- (Mn-SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis-related genes (NOS1, NOS2, and arginase) as well as NO localization and number of hemocytes in D. magna. For this ten-day-old D. magna were treated with 0 or 9 mg l-1 of DFO for 24 and 85 h. Gene expression levels, NO intensity and localization, and total hemocytes were evaluated. After 24 h, the expression of Toll and proPO increased significantly (p < 0.05), while that of C-type lectins (CTL) was reduced (p < 0.05). At 85 h, Mn-SOD and CTL expressions were markedly suppressed (p < 0.05). NO was mostly localized in the foregut, midgut, hindgut, and carapace. The expression of NOS1 was reduced after 24 h (p < 0.05). In addition, NO intensity at 24 h was insignificantly lower than the control (p > 0.05). At 85 h, the expression of NOS1, NOS2, and arginase was higher than control, but NO intensity did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the total hemocyte count elevated remarkably at 85 h (p < 0.05). Our study suggested that 9 mg l-1 of DFO could alter the expression of the genes related to innate immunity, oxidative stress, and NO synthesis in D. magna and significantly stimulate hemocyte production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kato Yasuhiko
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 562-0082, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 562-0082, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia J, Cui Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Deng B, Han S. The Function of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Canine Intestinal Health and Their Evaluation Criteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1248. [PMID: 38930630 PMCID: PMC11205510 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining homeostasis within the intestinal microbiota is imperative for assessing the health status of hosts, and dysbiosis within the intestinal microbiota is closely associated with canine intestinal diseases. In recent decades, the modulation of canine intestinal health through probiotics and prebiotics has emerged as a prominent area of investigation. Evidence indicates that probiotics and prebiotics play pivotal roles in regulating intestinal health by modulating the intestinal microbiota, fortifying the epithelial barrier, and enhancing intestinal immunity. This review consolidates literature on using probiotics and prebiotics for regulating microbiota homeostasis in canines, thereby furnishing references for prospective studies and formulating evaluation criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sufang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tomczyk G, Niczyporuk JS, Kozdruń W, Sawicka-Durkalec A, Bocian Ł, Barabasz M, Michalski M. Probiotic supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens. J Vet Res 2024; 68:147-154. [PMID: 38525219 PMCID: PMC10960262 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The broiler chicken digestive tract microbiome maintains the bird's immunity. Its composition has been shown to be important not only for the immune system but also for the gastrointestinal function and productivity of broiler chickens. If the microbiome is populated by supplementation with Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Saccharomyces spp. - microorganisms with probiotic properties and alternatives to antibiotics - the immune system is stimulated. The use of probiotic supplements in the broiler production cycle can boost bird immunity and prevent adenovirus infection. The resilience of broiler chickens in different feeding schemes including supplementation with these microorganisms was assessed. Material and Methods Four groups of Ross 308 chickens vaccinated on the standard scheme were investigated over 42 days. Group P received probiotics, prebiotics and vitamins; group AO received antibiotics; group P&AO received probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and antibiotics; and the control group C received none of these. The birds' immunocompetence against common viral poultry pathogens and their immune response to an experimental challenge with a field strain of infectious bronchitis was evaluated by ELISA and production parameters were recorded. Results Mortality was only observed in the control group and was 10%. All birds from the P, P&AO and AO groups responded to the challenge as would be expected of appropriately immunised chickens. Conclusion The obtained results indicated that supplementation with synbiotic products and vitamins can enhance broiler chicken immunity and result in better production parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Łukasz Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
SAWANGWAN T, KAJADMAN D, KULCHANANIMIT R. Determination of prebiotic properties of rice bran extract. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:222-226. [PMID: 38966046 PMCID: PMC11220324 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated and compared the prebiotic properties of a rice bran extract obtained through commercial xylanase extraction in comparison with water extraction. Prebiotic properties were evaluated by probiotic growth stimulation (Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and gastrointestinal pathogen inhibition (Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli). The rice bran extract obtained with xylanase (RB1) displayed significantly higher total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents than those obtained with water (RB2; p<0.05). After extraction for 30 min, RB1 exhibited the highest total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis revealed that RB1 primarily contained xylose, while RB2 contained less glucose and lacked other sugar derivatives. RB1 proved effective in stimulating the growth of L. casei and L. plantarum, surpassing even inulin (a commercial prebiotic). Furthermore, it demonstrated a high potential for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic B. cereus and E. coli, comparable to inulin. In contrast, RB2 exhibited lower inhibitory capacity against B. cereus and E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thornthan SAWANGWAN
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng
University, 2086 Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Daleena KAJADMAN
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng
University, 2086 Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Ratchanon KULCHANANIMIT
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng
University, 2086 Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zang T, Han L, Lu Z, Tan L, Liang D, Shen X, Liao X, Liu Y, Ren H, Sun J. The History and Prediction of Prebiotics and Postbiotics: A Patent Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:380. [PMID: 38337666 PMCID: PMC10857523 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics and postbiotics have gained attention as functional food additives due to their substantial influence on the gut microbiome and potential implications for human health on a broader scale. In addition, the number of patents for these additives has also increased, yet their functional classification has been problematic. In this study, we classified 2215 patents granted from 2001 to 2020 by functionality to enable predictions of future development directions. These patents encompassed subjects as diverse as feed supplementation, regulation of intestinal homeostasis, prevention of gastrointestinal ailments, targeted drug administration and augmentation of drug potency. The progression of patents issued during this time frame could be divided into three phases: occasional accounts prior to 2001, a period from 2001 to 2013 during which an average of 42 patents were issued annually, followed by a surge exceeding 140 patents annually after 2013. The latter increase has indicated that pre- and post-biotics have been recognized as biologically relevant. Patent mining therefore can enable forecasts of the future trajectory of these biologics and provide insights to evaluate their advancement. Moreover, this research is the first attempt to generalize and predict the directions of prebiotics and postbiotics using patent information and offers a comprehensive perspective for the potential utilization of prebiotics and postbiotics across a wide variety of fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Han
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu Tan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dunsheng Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofan Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (T.Z.); (L.H.); (Z.L.); (L.T.); (D.L.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (H.R.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yılmaz B, Sırbu A, Altıntaş Başar HB, Goksen G, Chabı IB, Kumagaı H, Ozogul F. Potential roles of cereal bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: A review of the current knowledge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38148641 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2292790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in both developed and underdeveloped countries with a 9.3% prevalence. Unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles are among the most common reasons for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet plays a crucial role in both the etiology and treatment of T2DM. There are several recommendations regarding the carbohydrate intake of patients with T2DM. One of them is about reducing the total carbohydrate intake and/or changing the type of carbohydrate to reduce the glycaemic index. Cereals are good sources of carbohydrates in the diet with a significant amount of soluble and non-soluble fiber content. Apart from fiber, it has been shown that the bioactive compounds present in cereals such as proteins, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and tocols have beneficial impacts in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Moreover, cereal by-products especially the by-products of milling processes, which are bran and germ, have been reported to have anti-diabetic activities mainly because of their fiber and polyphenols content. Considering the potential functions of cereals in patients with T2DM, this review focuses on the roles of cereal bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Alexandrina Sırbu
- FMMAE Ramnicu Valcea, Constantin Brancoveanu University of Pitesti, Valcea, Romania
| | | | - Gülden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ifagbémi Bienvenue Chabı
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Valorization of Food Bio-Ingredients, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Jericho Cotonou, Benin
| | - Hitomi Kumagaı
- Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
AL-Smadi K, Leite-Silva VR, Filho NA, Lopes PS, Mohammed Y. Innovative Approaches for Maintaining and Enhancing Skin Health and Managing Skin Diseases through Microbiome-Targeted Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1698. [PMID: 38136732 PMCID: PMC10741029 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin microbiome is crucial in maintaining skin health, and its disruption is associated with various skin diseases. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers and compounds found in certain foods that promote the activity and growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut or skin. On the other hand, live microorganisms, known as probiotics, benefit in sustaining healthy conditions when consumed in reasonable quantities. They differ from postbiotics, which are by-product compounds from bacteria that release the same effects as their parent bacteria. The human skin microbiome is vital when it comes to maintaining skin health and preventing a variety of dermatological conditions. This review explores novel strategies that use microbiome-targeted treatments to maintain and enhance overall skin health while managing various skin disorders. It is important to understand the dynamic relationship between these beneficial microorganisms and the diverse microbial communities present on the skin to create effective strategies for using probiotics on the skin. This understanding can help optimize formulations and treatment regimens for improved outcomes in skincare, particularly in developing solutions for various skin problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadeejeh AL-Smadi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (V.R.L.-S.)
| | - Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (V.R.L.-S.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP-Diadema, Diadema CEP 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (N.A.F.); (P.S.L.)
| | - Newton Andreo Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP-Diadema, Diadema CEP 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (N.A.F.); (P.S.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Patricia Santos Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP-Diadema, Diadema CEP 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (N.A.F.); (P.S.L.)
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.A.-S.); (V.R.L.-S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091787. [PMID: 37174325 PMCID: PMC10178086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term, high-intensity exercise can trigger stress response pathways in multiple organs, including the heart and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, and neuroendocrine system, thus affecting their material and energy metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and endocrine function, and reducing exercise function. As a natural, safe, and convenient nutritional supplement, probiotics have been a hot research topic in the field of biomedical health in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that probiotic supplementation improves the health of the body through the gut-brain axis and the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation may also improve the stress response and motor function of the body. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in material and energy metabolism, intestinal barrier function, immunity, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine function, and the health status of the body, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kapoor MP, Yamaguchi H, Ishida H, Mizutani Y, Timm D, Abe A. The effects of prebiotic partially hydrolyzed guar gum on skin hydration: A randomized, open-label, parallel, controlled study in healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
|
11
|
Wang H, Chen K, Ning M, Wang X, Wang Z, Yue Y, Yuan Y, Yue T. Intake of Pro- and/or Prebiotics as a Promising Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200474. [PMID: 36349520 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, posing a serious threat to human life. It is widely believed that dietary factors may be crucial modifiers of CRC risk, with pro-and/or prebiotics being especially promising. In this review, a synthesis of CRC prevention and treatment of strategies relying on usage of pro- and/or prebiotics supplements is given, as well as discuss mechanisms underlying the contribution of pro-and/or prebiotics to the suppression of colonic carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a framework for personalizing such supplements according to the composition of an individual's gut microbiome is suggested. Various factors including diversity of one's intestinal microflora, integrity of their intestinal barrier, and the presence of mutagenic/carcinogenic/genotoxic and beneficial compounds are known to have a prominent influence on the development of CRC; thus, clarifying the role of pro- and/or prebiotics will yield valuable insight toward optimizing interventions for enhanced patient outcomes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengge Ning
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Xi'an Gaoxin No.1 High School, Xi'an, 71000, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oleskin AV, Boyang C. Microalgae in Terms of Biomedical Technology: Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Metabiotics. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022; 58:813-825. [PMID: 36531290 PMCID: PMC9734902 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Green, red, brown, and diatomic algae, as well as cyanobacteria, have been in the focus of attention of scientists and technologists for over 5 decades. This is due to their importance as efficient and economical producers of food additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biofertilizers, biofuels, and wastewater bioremediation agents. Recently, the role of microalgae has increasingly been considered in terms of their probiotic function, i.e., of their ability to normalize the functioning of the microbiota of humans and agricultural animals and to produce biologically active substances, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and immunostimulators. A separate brief subsection of the review deals with the potential functions of microalgae with respect to the brain and psyche, i.e., as psychobiotics. Moreover, algal polysaccharides and some other compounds can be broken down to short fragments that will stimulate the development of useful intestinal microorganisms, i.e., function as efficient prebiotics. Finally, many components of microalgal cells and chemical agents produced by them can exert important health-promoting effects per se, which indicates that they are as potentially valuable metabiotics (the term preferred by late Prof. B.A. Shenderov), which are alternatively denoted as postbiotics in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Oleskin
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cao Boyang
- Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dietary shredded steam-exploded pine particle supplementation as a strategy to mitigate chronic cyclic heat stress by modulating gut microbiota in broilers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19704. [PMID: 36385125 PMCID: PMC9669035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the availability of underutilized waste for the economic use of livestock feed can be important in countries where feed grain production is scarce. Modulating the gut microbiota through the fibrous content present in these wastes may help mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress (HS). Here, we investigated the effects of dietary steam-exploded pine particle (SPP), a value-added waste product, on the performance, gut health, and cecum microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. Ross 308 broilers (n = 180) at 29 days of age were distributed into three dietary treatment groups (0%, 1%, and 2% SPP) and two temperature conditions (NT: 21 °C; CHS: 31 °C) and grown for seven days. CHS, but not SPP, adversely affected performance parameters, but SPP did not interactively modulate these results. On the contrary, both differently affected other parameters. CHS resulted in increased rectal temperature, total protein in serum, and Nox4 gene expression, whereas 2% SPP increased GLP-2 and the Nox4 gene expression in the duodenum in comparison to 0% and 1% SPP. CHS significantly modified the beta-diversity of cecal microbiota while 1% SPP supplementation in diets increased the abundance of the favorable bacterial genera in chicken. Concludingly, CHS adversely affects growth performances, gut health, stress-related genes, and cecal microbiota while dietary 1% SPP may facilitate the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the cecum of broilers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shinde VK, Vamkudoth KR. Maltooligosaccharide forming amylases and their applications in food and pharma industry. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3733-3744. [PMID: 36193376 PMCID: PMC9525542 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are low molecular weight carbohydrates with a wide range of health benefits due to their excellent bio-preservative and prebiotic properties. The popularity of functional oligosaccharides among modern consumers has resulted in impressive market demand. Organoleptic and prebiotic properties of starch-derived oligosaccharides are advantageous to food quality and health. The extensive health benefits of oligosaccharides offered their applications in the food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industry. Maltooligosaccharides and isomaltooligosaccharides comprise 2-10 glucose units linked by α-1-4 and α-1-6 glycoside bonds, respectively. Conventional biocatalyst-based oligosaccharides processes are often multi-steps, consisting of starch gelatinization, hydrolysis and transglycosylation. With higher production costs and processing times, the current demand cannot meet on a large-scale production. As a result, innovative and efficient production technology for oligosaccharides synthesis holds paramount importance. Malto-oligosaccharide forming amylase (EC 3.2.1.133) is one of the key enzymes with a dual catalytic function used to produce oligosaccharides. Interestingly, Malto-oligosaccharide forming amylase catalyzes glycosidic bond for its transglycosylation to its inheritance hydrolysis and alternative biocatalyst to the multistep technology. Genetic engineering and reaction optimization enhances the production of oligosaccharides. The development of innovative and cost-effective technologies at competitive prices becomes a national priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya K. Shinde
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR), Anusandhanbhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Vamkudoth
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR), Anusandhanbhavan, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bamigbade GB, Subhash AJ, Kamal-Eldin A, Nyström L, Ayyash M. An Updated Review on Prebiotics: Insights on Potentials of Food Seeds Waste as Source of Potential Prebiotics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185947. [PMID: 36144679 PMCID: PMC9505924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are a group of biological nutrients that are capable of being degraded by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When prebiotics are ingested, either as a food additive or as a supplement, the colonic microflora degrade them, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are simultaneously released in the colon and absorbed into the blood circulatory system. The two major groups of prebiotics that have been extensively studied in relation to human health are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The candidature of a compound to be regarded as a prebiotic is a function of how much of dietary fiber it contains. The seeds of fruits such as date palms have been reported to contain dietary fiber. An increasing awareness of the consumption of fruits and seeds as part of the daily diet, as well as poor storage systems for seeds, have generated an enormous amount of seed waste, which is traditionally discarded in landfills or incinerated. This cultural practice is hazardous to the environment because seed waste is rich in organic compounds that can produce hazardous gases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of seed wastes in prebiotic production, consequently reducing the environmental hazards posed by these wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athira Jayasree Subhash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura Nyström
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Soufi S, García J, Muíños A, López-Alonso M. Marine Macroalgae in Rabbit Nutrition—A Valuable Feed in Sustainable Farming. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182346. [PMID: 36139209 PMCID: PMC9495136 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Commercial rabbit farming has faced critical challenges in the last few years, during which the ban on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal feed has added to the weakness of the production system and a decrease in consumption of rabbit meat. Considering the potential role of macroalgae as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, this review paper aims to evaluate the use of macroalgae in rabbit farming. It specifically focuses on how macroalgae can be used sustainably to improve rabbit health as an economically viable alternative that could help guarantee the future of this high-value sector. Abstract The rabbit meat industry has faced critical challenges in the last few years, during which the ban on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal feed has added to the weakness of the production system and a decrease in consumption of rabbit meat. This review paper highlights the potential value of macroalgae in the rabbit farming sector as an alternative to the use of antibiotics to improve rabbit health. In line with sustainable agriculture programmes, the use of seaweed in rabbit nutrition may improve gut health according to the One Health approach, whereby consumers and the environment could receive tangible benefits. The inclusion of algae in animal feed has experimentally proven to help to reduce intestinal dysbiosis. However, further studies evaluating the prebiotic effects of algal components on gut health and also identifying the compounds directly responsible for the antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of algae are still needed. Furthermore, the inclusion of marine algae in rabbit food could potentially become a commercial marketing strategy that could attract new consumers who are concerned about environmental sustainability and who are looking for different, high-quality foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Al-Soufi
- Departmento de Patoloxía Animal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroalimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Senda del Rey 18, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta López-Alonso
- Departmento de Patoloxía Animal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fasitasari M, Subagio HW, Suprihati S. The role of synbiotics in improving inflammatory status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 34:263-275. [PMID: 35671251 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that grows from the epithelial cells of nasopharynx. NPC has the ability to modify its metabolism and leads the patient to suffer from malnutrition and cachexia, therefore aggravates the occurrence of impaired inflammatory response. Currently, available treatments for NPC are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. Despite of its efficacy, these regimens have been known to elicit various inflammation-related side effects including infection, diarrhea, and mucositis. It has long been established that increased activity of inflammatory response is associated to low survival rate in both early and advanced stage of cancer. Furthermore, uncontrolled and dysregulated inflammatory response are significantly correlated with malignant progression of cancer. Considering how pivotal inflammation to malignancy progression, there is a need for effective strategies to modulate inflammatory response. Various strategies have been proposed to improve immune response in NPC patients including dietary supplementation of synbiotics. Synbiotics refers to the manipulation of both probiotics and prebiotics to provide a synergistic benefit to the host by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. There is a growing number of evidences related to the potential of synbiotics in modulating the pro-inflammatory response and improve immune systems in a variety of conditions, including cancer. In this study, we will discuss the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma occurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minidian Fasitasari
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty of Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Suprihati Suprihati
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty of Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Noorbakhsh H, Khorasgani MR. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) polysaccharides: a review on Chemical structure and nutritional properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
19
|
Omak G, Yilmaz-Ersan L. Effect of Cordyceps militaris on formation of short-chain fatty acids as postbiotic metabolites. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1142-1150. [PMID: 35192422 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2033992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the growth-promoting-effect of Cordyceps militaris, known as a medicinal mushroom, on Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. To evaluate the best growth-promoting activity of the test substrates including glucose, inulin, and at different concentrations of C. militaris (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), the cell counts, optical density (OD), prebiotic activity scores, and postbiotics (lactic, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids) were determined. The highest cell count was found for L. casei in media containing 0.5% C. militaris and for L. acidophilus in media containing 1% C. militaris. In the case of both strains, the OD values of the medium with C. militaris (1%) and (2%) increased similar to those of glucose. The prebiotic activity scores for both strains were positive. The concentration of lactic acid ranged from 0.56 to 8.07 g L-1 for L. casei and 0.82 to 5.38 g L-1 for L. acidophilus. Moreover, propionic acid was the highest among short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by both strains. According to the results of the present study, the tested Lactobacillus species can utilize C. militaris as carbon source and is able to form postbiotics in the media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Omak
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Yilmaz-Ersan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Swaroopa C, Kashmira L, Vikas G, Rajan W. Assessment of the prebiotic potential of seed coats from green gram ( Vigna radiata) and black gram ( Vigna mungo). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:583-588. [PMID: 35185178 PMCID: PMC8814214 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients which beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria. In the present work, an attempt is made to show the in-vitro prebiotic ability of husks of the pulses, Green Gram (Vigna radiata) and Black Gram (Vigna mungo), using the known standard probiotic strains: Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Pediococcus acidilactici ATCC 8042. The husks are found to be resistant to in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and thus contain non-digestible constituents, and support the growth of beneficial microorganisms commonly present in the gastrointestinal tract. Pediococcus sp. showed growth up to 80% relative to inulin for the husks. The study also demonstrates the antioxidant activity of husks that can be an additional health benefit. Thus, the husks could be considered as potential prebiotic candidates. This work is the foremost of its kind to demonstrate the prebiotic activities of Green Gram and Black Gram husks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lad Kashmira
- Department of Microbiology, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
| | - Ghattargi Vikas
- National Centre for Cell Science, National Centre for Microbial Resource, Pune, India
| | - Walhe Rajan
- Department of Microbiology, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh RP, Shadan A, Ma Y. Biotechnological Applications of Probiotics: A Multifarious Weapon to Disease and Metabolic Abnormality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1184-1210. [PMID: 36121610 PMCID: PMC9483357 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of live microorganisms "Probiotics" for health benefits and well-being is increasing worldwide. Their use as a therapeutic approach to confer health benefits has fascinated humans for centuries; however, its conceptuality gradually evolved with methodological advancement, thereby improving our understanding of probiotics-host interaction. However, the emerging concern regarding safety aspects of live microbial is enhancing the interest in non-viable or microbial cell extracts, as they could reduce the risks of microbial translocation and infection. Due to technical limitations in the production and formulation of traditionally used probiotics, the scientific community has been focusing on discovering new microbes to be used as probiotics. In many scientific studies, probiotics have been shown as potential tools to treat metabolic disorders such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, digestive disorders (e.g., acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhea), and allergic disorders (e.g., eczema) in infants. However, the mechanistic insight of strain-specific probiotic action is still unknown. In the present review, we analyzed the scientific state-of-the-art regarding the mechanisms of probiotic action, its physiological and immuno-modulation on the host, and new direction regarding the development of next-generation probiotics. We discuss the use of recently discovered genetic tools and their applications for engineering the probiotic bacteria for various applications including food, biomedical applications, and other health benefits. Finally, the review addresses the future development of biological techniques in combination with clinical and preclinical studies to explain the molecular mechanism of action, and discover an ideal multifunctional probiotic bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Afreen Shadan
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Supplemental Aspergillus Lipase and Protease Preparations Display Powerful Bifidogenic Effects and Modulate the Gut Microbiota Community of Rats. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus-derived protease and lipase, which are involved in the production of Aspergillus-fermented foods, are consumed as digestive enzyme supplements. A marked bifidogenic effect of supplemental Aspergillus protease preparation (AP) in rats fed with a high-fat diet was identified. This study was conducted to examine whether the consumption of Aspergillus-derived lipase exerts similar bifidogenic effect. Rats were fed diets supplemented with either an Aspergillus-derived lipase preparation (AL) or AP at 0.1% for two weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that supplemental AL and AP markedly influenced cecal microbial community. At the phylum level, treatment with AL and AP resulted in a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but a higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria than the control rats (p < 0.05). At the genus level, AL and AP remarkedly elevated the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Enterococcus, but significantly reduced those of Oscillospira, Dorea, and Coprobacillus (p < 0.05). These modulations were similar to those reported by several studies with typical prebiotic oligosaccharides. Notably, the bifidogenic effect of AL was much greater than that of AP. Our results show that the two different Aspergillus-derived preparations, AL and AP, have strong bifidogenic effects and can change the microbiota’s composition.
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of Bacillus subtilis, butyrate, mannan-oligosaccharide, and naked oat (ß-glucans) on growth performance, serum parameters, and gut health of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101506. [PMID: 34731741 PMCID: PMC8571078 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four nonantibiotic alternative growth promoters for broiler chickens were evaluated. Ross 308 chicks were fed a control diet (mainly corn and soybean meal) or a diet supplemented with a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis Gallipro DSM 17299), encapsulated butyric acid (Novyrate C), mannan-oligosaccharide (Actigen MOS) or formulated with 20% naked oat (starter diet) and 30% naked oat (grower and finisher). The study was carried out as a complete random blocked design with 10 pens for each diet, 45 birds per pen. Compared to the control, the naked oat diet improved the average daily gain by 16% during the starter phase (up to d 10). The probiotic did so during the grower phase as did butyric acid in the finisher phase (up to d 34). For the experiment overall, the probiotic decreased average daily gain slightly. The best improvement in feed conversion ratio was obtained in the butyrate group (5%). No significant treatment effect on crop pH or on mortality was observed. The naked oat diet gave a slightly lower cecum pH on d 34. The MOS supplement decreased jejunal mass on d 34 and increased villus length (34%) and villus height/crypt depth ratio (32%) measured on d 10. Naked oat, butyric acid and MOS diets all reduced serum endotoxin levels. The probiotic increased serum C-reactive protein. All noncontrol diets reduced serum malondialdehyde. The naked oat diet reduced d 34 litter pH by about 0.3. Some effects of the proposed non-antibiotic growth promoters have been observed and could contribute to livestock performance. Their exact modes of action remained to be defined.
Collapse
|
24
|
β-Mannanase BoMan26B from Bacteroides ovatus produces mannan-oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential from galactomannan and softwood β-mannans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Goel A, Kim BJ, Ncho CM, Jeong CM, Gupta V, Jung JY, Ha SY, Lee DH, Yang JK, Choi YH. Dietary Supplementation of Shredded, Steam-Exploded Pine Particles Decreases Pathogenic Microbes in the Cecum of Acute Heat-Stressed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082252. [PMID: 34438711 PMCID: PMC8388391 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome stimulates nutrient metabolism and could effectively generate heat tolerance in chickens. This study investigates the effects of dietary steam-exploded pine particle (SPP) supplementation and subsequent acute heat stress on productive performance and cecum microbiome in broilers. Eight-day Ross 308 broilers were distributed in three groups with 0%, 1%, and 2% SPP in diets. On the 41st day, forty birds were allocated to four groups with ten birds each. The treatments were control diet at thermoneutral temperature (0% NT) and acute heat-stressed (HS) birds fed control (0% HS), 1% (1% HS), and 2% (2% HS) SPP. Parameters recorded were body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), rectal temperature (RT), relative organ weight, and metagenome analysis from cecum samples. Percent difference in BW, FI, and RT was decreased in HS birds. Metagenome analysis revealed similar richness and diversity in microbial communities. The relative abundance of the bacterial genus such as Limosilactobacillus, Drancourtella, and Ihubacter was increased while that of Alistipes, Alkalibacter, Lachnotalea, and Turicibacter was decreased in SPP supplemented HS birds. Concludingly, the production performance of broilers is negatively influenced during HS, and 2% dietary SPP supplementation may reduce the adverse effects of HS by modifying the microbiota in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (J.-K.Y.)
| | - Beom-June Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
| | - Chris-Major Ncho
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
| | - Chae-Mi Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jung
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Si-Young Ha
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Dong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (A.G.); (B.-J.K.); (C.-M.N.); (C.-M.J.); (V.G.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of prebiotics encapsulated with probiotics on encapsulation efficiency, microbead size, and survivability: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
27
|
Widyastuti Y, Febrisiantosa A, Tidona F. Health-Promoting Properties of Lactobacilli in Fermented Dairy Products. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673890. [PMID: 34093496 PMCID: PMC8175972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus have been employed in food fermentation for decades. Fermented dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, are products of high value known as functional food and widely consumed due to their positive health impact. Fermentation was originally based on conversion of carbohydrate into organic acids, mostly lactic acid, intended to preserve nutrient in milk, but then it develops in other disclosure of capabilities associates with health benefit. It is expected that during the manufacture of fermented dairy products, some bioactive peptides from milk protein are released through proteolysis. Lactobacilli have been recognized and received increasing attention as probiotics by balancing gut microbial population. Information of molecular mechanisms of genome sequence focusing on the microbial that normally inhabit gut may explain as to how these bacteria positively give impact on improving host health. Recent post-biotics concept revealed that health benefit can also be associated after bacterial lysis. This mini review focuses on the contribution of lactobacilli in dairy fermentation with health-promoting properties on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantyati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Andi Febrisiantosa
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Flavio Tidona
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mekkara Nikarthil Sudhakaran S, Bukkan DS. A review on nutritional composition, antinutritional components and health benefits of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13743. [PMID: 33934386 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Green gram is rich in proteins, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals and contains a low amount of fat. Since it is rich in protein, it can be considered as the meat alternative for vegetarians. Besides being a nutritious food, green gram possesses potential health benefits such as antioxidant, anticancerous, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities. Green gram has prebiotic and nutraceutical properties. It contains an appreciable amount of galactooligosaccharides that are capable of enhancing the growth of beneficial gut microbiota. Different researchers already developed functional foods such as mung bean milk and non-diary probiotic drinks from green gram. It can also be used as a carrier material to deliver probiotic bacteria to the gut. Apart from these applications, green gram is used in cosmetics, land reclamation and incorporated into different foods such as jams, jellies, noodles, etc. Green gram is also a major ingredient used in China's traditional health foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Green gram is rich in proteins, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals and contains a low amount of fat. Since it is rich in protein, it can be considered as the meat alternative for vegetarians. Besides being a nutritious food, green gram possesses potential health benefits such as antioxidant, anticancerous, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities. Green gram has prebiotic and nutraceutical properties. It contains an appreciable amount of oligosaccharides that are capable of enhancing the growth of beneficial gut microbiota. Different researchers already developed functional foods such as mung bean milk and non-diary probiotic drinks from green gram. It can also be used as a carrier material to deliver probiotic bacteria to the gut. Apart from these applications, green gram is used in cosmetics and land reclamation and incorporated into different foods such as jams, jellies, noodles, etc. Green gram is also a major ingredient used in China's traditional health foods.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rani L, Mondal AC. Unravelling the role of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease progression: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:100-112. [PMID: 33417973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have shown interest in bi-directional interaction between the brain and gut, called "gut-brain axis". Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that disturbances in this axis is found to be associated with the Parkinson's disease (PD). Several clinical investigations revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. It has been suggested that aggregation of misfolded protein α-syn, the neuropathological hallmark of PD, might begin in gut and propagates to the CNS via vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. Emerging evidences also suggest that initiation and progression of PD may be due to inflammation originating from gut. It has been shown that microbial gut dysbiosis causes the production of various pathogenic microbial metabolites which elevates pro-inflammatory environment in the gut that promotes neuroinflammation in the CNS. These observations raise the intriguing question - how gut microbial dysbiosis could contribute to PD progression. In this context, various microbiota-targeted therapies are under consideration that can re-establish the intestinal homeostasis which may have greater promise in the prevention and treatment of PD. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in the initiation, progression of PD and current therapeutic intervention to deplete the severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linchi Rani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Impact of Inulin and a Novel Synbiotic (Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain 1026 and Inulin) on the Development and Functional State of the Gastrointestinal Canal of Calves. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:8848441. [PMID: 33505647 PMCID: PMC7806388 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8848441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful management of the dairy industry is closely related to rearing healthy calves. The proper development of the gastrointestinal canal is crucial to reach this goal. One of the strategies to promote this development is the addition of feed additives to the diet. This research aimed to determine the impact of prebiotic inulin and a new, not commercially available synbiotic (mix of prebiotic inulin and probiotic S. cerevisiae strain 1026) on the development of the gastrointestinal canal of calves by comparing the weight of the stomach, its relative ratio to body weight and evaluating pH, and histological changes in different parts of the gastrointestinal canal and assess whether or not the addition of inulin to the yeast S. cerevisiae improves the abovementioned parameters. We used prebiotic inulin (6 g) and a synbiotic (prebiotic inulin 6 g and probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026, 5 g). The 56-day long research was conducted with fifteen crossbreed calves (32 ± 6 days old) organized in the control group (CoG), the prebiotic group (PreG), and the synbiotic group (SynG). We determined pH, morphological parameters of different parts of the digestive canal, and morphometric parameters of the stomach. The addition of prebiotic inulin to calves' diet causes the increase of pH in rumen, abomasum, and intestines but when inulin was added to S. cerevisiae, pH decreased and was even lower than in the control group. Prebiotic inulin and its synbiotic with yeast S. cerevisiae positively impact the development of almost all morphological structures of rumen saccus dorsalis, rumen saccus ventralis, and intestine; moreover, calves from the synbiotic group showed better results in virtually all parameters. However, both inulin and synbiotic did not affect the weight and relative weight of different parts of the stomach. Tested synbiotic has the potential to promote the development of the rumen and other parts of the digestive canal of calves.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pujari R, Banerjee G. Impact of prebiotics on immune response: from the bench to the clinic. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:255-273. [PMID: 32996638 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the immunomodulatory role exerted by prebiotics in regulating the immune response. In this review, we describe the mechanistic and clinical studies that decipher the cell signaling pathways implicated in the process. Prebiotic fibers are conventionally known to serve as substrate for probiotic commensal bacteria that release of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract along with several other metabolites. Subsequently, they then act on the local as well as the systemic immune cells and the gut-associated epithelial cells, primarily through G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated pathways. However, other pathways including histone deacetylase inhibition and inflammasome pathway have also been implicated in regulating the immunomodulatory effect. The prebiotics can also induce a microbiota-independent effect by directly acting on the gut-associated epithelial and innate immune cells through the Toll-like receptors. The cumulative effect results in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity and modulation of innate immunity through secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, switches in macrophage polarization and function, neutrophil recruitment and migration, dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell differentiation. Extending these in vitro and ex vivo observations, some prebiotics have been well investigated, with successful human and animal trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in health endpoints across populations. This review discusses scientific insights into the association between prebiotics, innate immunity and gut microbiome from in vitro to human oral intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Pujari
- Innovation Centre, Tata Chemicals Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gautam Banerjee
- Innovation Centre, Tata Chemicals Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207618. [PMID: 33086688 PMCID: PMC7589951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota encompasses a diverse community of bacteria that carry out various functions influencing the overall health of the host. These comprise nutrient metabolism, immune system regulation and natural defence against infection. The presence of certain bacteria is associated with inflammatory molecules that may bring about inflammation in various body tissues. Inflammation underlies many chronic multisystem conditions including obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation may be triggered by structural components of the bacteria which can result in a cascade of inflammatory pathways involving interleukins and other cytokines. Similarly, by-products of metabolic processes in bacteria, including some short-chain fatty acids, can play a role in inhibiting inflammatory processes. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the relationship between the gut microbiota and inflammatory molecules and to highlight relevant knowledge gaps in this field. Based on the current literature, it appears that as the gut microbiota composition differs between individuals and is contingent on a variety of factors like diet and genetics, some individuals may possess bacteria associated with pro-inflammatory effects whilst others may harbour those with anti-inflammatory effects. Recent technological advancements have allowed for better methods of characterising the gut microbiota. Further research to continually improve our understanding of the inflammatory pathways that interact with bacteria may elucidate reasons behind varying presentations of the same disease and varied responses to the same treatment in different individuals. Furthermore, it can inform clinical practice as anti-inflammatory microbes can be employed in probiotic therapies or used to identify suitable prebiotic therapies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Leal-Martínez F, Franco D, Peña-Ruiz A, Castro-Silva F, Escudero-Espinosa AA, Rolón-Lacarrier OG, López-Alarcón M, De León X, Linares-Eslava M, Ibarra A. Effect of a Nutritional Support System (Diet and Supplements) for Improving Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Foods 2020; 9:E1449. [PMID: 33066040 PMCID: PMC7601161 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with cerebral palsy (CP) do not respond to physical therapy due to deterioration in their nutritional status, secondary to gastrointestinal disorders and the catabolic state of the disease itself. However, basic treatments only contemplate the energy requirements and do not consider supplementation with glutamine, zinc, selenium, colecalciferol, spirulina, omega 3 or even vegetal proteins. OBJECTIVE In this study, we determined the effect of using a nutritional support system (NSS): diet and supplements, on the gross motor function in children with CP with spastic diparesic and Gross Motor Function Classification System III (GMFCS III). METHODS An exploratory study was performed. Thirty patients (from 4 to 12 years old) were randomly assigned to: (1) dietary surveillance (FG), (2) deworming and WHO diet (CG), or (3) deworming and the NSS (IG). Gross motor function was evaluated using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) scale. RESULTS The IG-treated group presented a significant improvement in standing and walking parameters analyzed in the GMFM compared with FG and CG groups. Fifty percent of the IG-treated patients managed to walk, while in the other groups, no patients were able to walk. CONCLUSIONS The NSS used in the present work improves gross motor function and promotes walking in patients with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Leal-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Denise Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Andrea Peña-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Fabiola Castro-Silva
- Departamento de Terapia Física, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico; (F.C.-S.); (A.A.E.-E.)
| | - Andrea A. Escudero-Espinosa
- Departamento de Terapia Física, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico; (F.C.-S.); (A.A.E.-E.)
| | - Oscar G. Rolón-Lacarrier
- Departamento de Investigación y Enseñanza, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón (CRIT), Tlalnepantla de Baz 54010, Mexico;
| | - Mardia López-Alarcón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico;
| | - Ximena De León
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Mariana Linares-Eslava
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (D.F.); (A.P.-R.); (X.D.L.); (M.L.-E.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sangkuanun T, Wichienchot S, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Peerakietkhajorn S. Oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit modulate gut microbiota, reduce oxidative stress and stimulate toll-pathway related gene expression in freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:126-134. [PMID: 32335314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dragon fruit oligosaccharide (DFO) is an indigestible prebiotic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DFO on gut microbiota, oxidative stress and immune-related gene expression in Daphnia magna. The 10-day-old D. magna were treated with 0, 9, and 27 mg l-1 DFO for 85 h. The gut bacterial communities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation and the expressions of genes in Toll signaling pathway were observed. The results showed that D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO altered gut microbiota composition by increasing Limnohabitans and Lactobacillus, and significantly increased SOD activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the expressions of Toll2, Toll3, Toll5, Toll7 and Pelle genes were significantly increased in D. magna treated with 9 and 27 mg l-1 DFO. Our results suggested that DFO changed the composition of the gut microbiota of D. magna by increasing the beneficial bacteria. DFO also had the ability to stimulate innate immunity in D. magna by increasing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing the expression of immune-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanwarat Sangkuanun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Viana LM, Mothé CG, Mothé MG. Natural food for domestic animals: A national and international technological review. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Martín JF. Insight into the Genome of Diverse Penicillium chrysogenum Strains: Specific Genes, Cluster Duplications and DNA Fragment Translocations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3936. [PMID: 32486280 PMCID: PMC7312703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are eighteen species within the Penicillium genus section chrysogena, including the original penicillin producers Penicillium notatum (Fleming strain) and Penicillium chrysogenum NRRL 1951. Other wild type isolates of the Penicillium genus are relevant for the production of useful proteins and primary or secondary metabolites. The aim of this article is to characterize strain specific genes and those genes which are involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, particularly the mutations that have been introduced during the β-lactams strain improvement programs. RESULTS The available genomes of several classical and novel P. chrysogenum strains have been compared. The first genome sequenced was that of the reference strain P. chrysogenum Wis54-1255, which derives from the wild type P. chrysogenum NRRL 1951; its genome size is 32.19 Mb and it encodes 12,943 proteins. Four chromosomes were resolved in P. chrysogenum and P. notatum by pulse field gel electrophoresis. The genomes of three industrial strains have a similar size but contain gene duplications and truncations; the penicillin gene cluster copy number ranges from one in the wild type to twelve in the P. chrysogenum ASP-E1 industrial strain and is organized in head to tail tandem repeats. The genomes of two new strains, P. chrysogenum KF-25, a producer of antifungal proteins isolated from a soil sample, and P. chrysogenum HKF2, a strain with carbohydrate-converting activities isolated from a sludge treatment plant, showed strain specific genes. CONCLUSIONS The overall comparison of all available P. chrysogenum genomes indicates that there are a significant number of strain-specific genes, mutations of structural and regulatory genes, gene cluster duplications and DNA fragment translocations. This information provides important leads to improve the biosynthesis of enzymes, antifungal agents, prebiotics or different types of secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kittibunchakul S, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Structural Comparison of Different Galacto-oligosaccharide Mixtures Formed by β-Galactosidases from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4437-4446. [PMID: 32196339 PMCID: PMC7168588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The LacLM-type β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus helveticus DSM 20075 expressed in both Escherichia coli (EcoliBL21Lhβ-gal) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp609Lhβ-gal) was tested for their potential to form galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose. The Lh-GOS mixture formed by β-galactosidase from L. helveticus, together with three GOS mixtures produced using β-galactosidases of both the LacLM and the LacZ type from other lactic acid bacteria, namely, L. reuteri (Lr-GOS), L. bulgaricus (Lb-GOS), and Streptococcus thermophilus (St-GOS), as well as two GOS mixtures (Br-GOS1 and Br-GOS2) produced using β-galactosidases (β-gal I and β-gal II) from Bifidobacterium breve, was analyzed and structurally compared with commercial GOS mixtures analyzed in previous work (Vivinal GOS, GOS I, GOS III, and GOS V) using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with a refractive index (RI) detector (HPSEC-RI), and one-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. β-Galactosidases from lactic acid bacteria and B. breve displayed a preference to form β-(1→6)- and β-(1→3)-linked GOS. The GOS mixtures produced by these enzymes consisted of mainly DP2 and DP3 oligosaccharides, accounting for ∼90% of all GOS components. GOS mixtures obtained with β-galactosidases from lactic acid bacteria and B. breve were quite similar to the commercial GOS III mixture in terms of product spectrum and showed a broader product spectrum than the commercial GOS V mixture. These GOS mixtures also contained a number of GOS components that were absent in the commercial Vivinal GOS (V-GOS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medicine, Cluster Human Nutrition & Health, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- CarbExplore Research BV, Zernikepark 12, NL-9747 AN Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zavistanaviciute P, Lele V, Antanaitis R, Televičius M, Ruzauskas M, Zebeli Q, Bartkiene E. Separate and Synergic Effects of Lactobacillus uvarum LUHSS245 and Arabinogalactan on the In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties as Well as on the Fecal and Metabolic Profile of Newborn Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040593. [PMID: 32244560 PMCID: PMC7222814 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diarrhea is common problem for young calves. It causes economic losses to cattle producers because for a newborn calf, diarrhea can be fatal. For this reason, calf diarrhea is an expensive disorder, often requiring prolonged medical treatment. Furthermore, treatment often requires use of drugs and antibiotics, increasing public concerns of excessive usage of drugs in dairy farming, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, prevention remains the best option, and the preventative strategies against newborn diarrhea aim to increase the immunity and the gut health status early after birth. One common prophylactic strategy against diarrhea is the use health-enhancing supplements in the feed. Our hypothesis is that a combination of different origins and mechanisms of action (lactic acid bacteria as an antimicrobial agent and arabibogalactan as a prebiotic for good microbiota stabilization), can lead to improvement in newborn calves’ health parameters. In this study, the lactic acid bacteria strain, LUHS245, effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, as well being non-resistant to all the tested antibiotics. LUHS245, arabinogalactan, and its combination used for newborn calf feeding showed a desirable positive effect on newborn calf health parameters and it can be recommended in dairy farms for diarrhea prophylaxis. Abstract In this study, arabinogalactan (ARB) and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17-331, Acinetobacter baumanni 17-380, Proteus mirabilis, MRSA M87fox, Enterococcus faecalis 86, Enterococcus faecium 103, Bacillus cereus 18 01, and Streptococcus mutans) and resistance to antibiotics were evaluated and the role of their supplementation on the main metabolic and fecal variables of newborn calves was established. The animal trial involved 48 Holstein female calves randomly allocated in four homogeneous groups of 12 animals each, on the basis of body weight in the second day of life. Calves were fed with a standard milk replacer diet from the second day of life until 14th day, either unsupplemented or supplemented with 50 mL of LUHS245 (≥7.5 log10 CFU mL−1), 30 g of ARB, or with both (50 mL of LUHS245 and 30 g ARB). In vitro data showed that the LUHS245 inhibited the growth of Salmonella enterica and Bacillus cereus (inhibition zones 13.0 and 21.3 mm, respectively). Supplementation of LUHS245 and ARB either alone or together, lowered total bacterial count in the feces and reduced lactate and serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations in blood. This study showed that LUHS245 supplementation alone or together with ARB seemed to have some positive influence on certain health parameters in newborn calves. Further research with larger cohorts of animals is warranted to validate the beneficial effects of the tested supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.Z.); (V.L.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Lele
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.Z.); (V.L.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinarpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.Z.); (V.L.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-601-35837
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Atanasov AG, Souto EB, Novellino E, Capasso R, Santini A. An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2285. [PMID: 32225036 PMCID: PMC7177810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran, 48181 68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiménez-Avalos JA, Arrevillaga-Boni G, González-López L, García-Carvajal ZY, González-Avila M. Classical methods and perspectives for manipulating the human gut microbial ecosystem. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:234-258. [PMID: 32114770 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1724075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A healthy Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is a necessary condition for maintaining the orderly function of the whole body. Major alterations in the normal gut microbial composition, activity and functionality (dysbiosis) by an environmental or host-related disruptive event, can compromise metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological processes, causing disorders such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and depressive episodes. The restore or the maintaining of the homeostatic balance of Gut Microbiota (GM) populations (eubiosis) is possible through diet, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and even Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Although these "classic methods" represent an effective and accepted way to modulate GM, the complexity of HGME requires new approaches to control it in a more appropriate way. Among the most promising emergent strategies for modulating GM are the use of engineered nanomaterials (metallic nanoparticles (NP), polymeric-NP, quantum dots, micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes); phagotherapy (i.e., phages linked with the CRISPR/Cas9 system), and the use of antimicrobial peptides, non-antibiotic drugs, vaccines, and immunoglobulins. Here we review the current state of development, implications, advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of the different approaches for manipulating HGME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Zaira Yunuen García-Carvajal
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela González-Avila
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kang S, You HJ, Lee YG, Jeong Y, Johnston TV, Baek NI, Ku S, Ji GE. Production, Structural Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Butyl-Fructooligosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020445. [PMID: 31936703 PMCID: PMC7013684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, produced in mammalian intestinal tracts via fermentation of dietary fiber, are known biofunctional compounds in humans. However, the variability of fermentable fiber consumed on a daily basis and the diversity of gut microbiota within individuals often limits the production of short-chain fatty acids in the human gut. In this study, we attempted to enhance the butyrate levels in human fecal samples by utilizing butyl-fructooligosaccharides (B-FOS) as a novel prebiotic substance. Two major types of B-FOS (GF3-1B and GF3-2B), composed of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) bound to one or two butyric groups by ester bonds, were synthesized. Qualitative analysis of these B-FOS using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and low-resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectra (LR-FAB-MS), showed that the chemical structure of GF3-1B and GF3-2B were [O-(1-buty-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu] and [O-(1-buty)-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-(4-buty)-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu], respectively. The ratio of these two compounds was approximately 5:3. To verify their biofunctionality as prebiotic oligosaccharides, proliferation and survival patterns of human fecal microbiota were examined in vitro via 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis compared to a positive FOS control and a negative control without a carbon source. B-FOS treatment showed different enrichment patterns on the fecal microbiota community during fermentation, and especially stimulated the growth of major butyrate producing bacterial consortia and modulated specific butyrate producing pathways with significantly enhanced butyrate levels. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and ammonia production with related metabolic genes were greatly reduced with B-FOS and FOS treatment compared to the control group. These findings indicate that B-FOS differentially promotes butyrate production through the enhancement of butyrate-producing bacteria and their metabolic genes, and can be applied as a novel prebiotic compound in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sini Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tony V. Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (G.E.J.); Tel.: +1-615-904-8290 (S.K.); +82-2-880-6282 (G.E.J.)
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.J.)
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (G.E.J.); Tel.: +1-615-904-8290 (S.K.); +82-2-880-6282 (G.E.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Figueiredo FC, de Barros Ranke FF, de Oliva-Neto P. Evaluation of xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides on digestive enzymes hydrolysis and as a nutrient for different probiotics and Salmonella typhimurium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
43
|
Miguel GA, Álvarez-López C. Extraction and antioxidant activity of sericin, a protein from silk. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.05819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Sericin is a globular protein that represents 20% to 30% of the silk fiber from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoon. This protein is usually removed from the raw fiber and discarded by silk producers, a process known as degumming. However, sericin possesses significant biological properties that allows its application in various fields. The antioxidant activity is one of its most relevant benefits. Several authors have reported its anti-tyrosinase activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition and free radical neutralization. The antioxidant potential of sericin protein varies according to the extraction method used. Even though a wide variety of extraction techniques have been studied, simple technics including water at high temperature have exhibited efficient results. Furthermore, this method does not interfere with the safety of sericin for subsequent applications in food.
Collapse
|
44
|
Gerasimidis K, Bryden K, Chen X, Papachristou E, Verney A, Roig M, Hansen R, Nichols B, Papadopoulou R, Parrett A. The impact of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the human gut microbiome and its fibre fermentation capacity. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3213-3230. [PMID: 31853641 PMCID: PMC7501109 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effect of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the gut microbiome and fibre fermentation capacity. Methods Faecal samples from 13 healthy volunteers were fermented in batch cultures with food additives (maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate-80, carrageenan-kappa, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide), sweeteners (aspartame-based sweetener, sucralose, stevia) and domestic hygiene products (toothpaste and dishwashing detergent). Short-chain fatty acid production was measured with gas chromatography. Microbiome composition was characterised with 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Acetic acid increased in the presence of maltodextrin and the aspartame-based sweetener and decreased with dishwashing detergent or sodium sulphite. Propionic acid increased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 and butyrate decreased dramatically with cinnamaldehyde and dishwashing detergent. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate and dishwashing detergent. Microbiome Shannon α-diversity increased with stevia and decreased with dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde. Sucralose, cinnamaldehyde, titanium dioxide, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent shifted microbiome community structure; the effects were most profound with dishwashing detergent (R2 = 43.9%, p = 0.008) followed by cinnamaldehyde (R2 = 12.8%, p = 0.016). Addition of dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde increased the abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella and decreased members of Firmicutes, including OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Addition of sucralose and carrageenan-kappa also increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and sucralose, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 did likewise to Bilophila. Polysorbate-80 decreased the abundance of OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Similar effects were observed with the concentration of major bacterial groups using qPCR. In addition, maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener and sodium benzoate promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium whereas sodium sulphite, carrageenan-kappa, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent had an inhibitory effect. Conclusions This study improves understanding of how additives might affect the gut microbiota composition and its fibre metabolic activity with many possible implications for human health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02161-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Katie Bryden
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Eleftheria Papachristou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Anais Verney
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Marine Roig
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Ben Nichols
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Rodanthi Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Alison Parrett
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tirone C, Pezza L, Paladini A, Tana M, Aurilia C, Lio A, D'Ippolito S, Tersigni C, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Di Simone N, Vento G. Gut and Lung Microbiota in Preterm Infants: Immunological Modulation and Implication in Neonatal Outcomes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2910. [PMID: 31921169 PMCID: PMC6920179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an aberrant gastrointestinal colonization has been found to be associated with an higher risk for postnatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and growth impairment in preterm infants. As a consequence, the reasons of intestinal dysbiosis in this population of newborns have increasingly become an object of interest. The presence of a link between the gut and lung microbiome's development (gut-lung axis) is emerging, and more data show as a gut-brain cross talking mediated by an inflammatory milieu, may affect the immunity system and influence neonatal outcomes. A revision of the studies which examined gut and lung microbiota in preterm infants and a qualitative analysis of data about characteristic patterns and related outcomes in terms of risk of growing impairment, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), and sepsis have been performed. Microbiota take part in the establishment of the gut barrier and many data suggest its immune-modulator role. Furthermore, the development of the gut and lung microbiome (gut-lung axis) appear to be connected and able to lead to abnormal inflammatory responses which have a key role in the pathogenesis of BPD. Dysbiosis and the gut predominance of facultative anaerobes appear to be crucial to the pathogenesis and subsequently to the prevention of such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tirone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Pezza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Paladini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Tana
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Aurilia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Ippolito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
SIANG SC, WAI LK, LIN NK, PHING PL. Effect of added prebiotic (Isomalto-oligosaccharide) and Coating of Beads on the Survival of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.27518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
47
|
Garcia‐Gonzalez M, Plou FJ, Cervantes FV, Remacha M, Poveda A, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Fernandez‐Lobato M. Efficient production of isomelezitose by a glucosyltransferase activity in Metschnikowia reukaufii cell extracts. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1274-1285. [PMID: 31576667 PMCID: PMC6801145 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metschnikowia reukaufii is a widespread yeast able to grow in the plants' floral nectaries, an environment of extreme conditions with sucrose concentrations exceeding 400 g l-1 , which led us into the search for enzymatic activities involved in this sugar use/transformation. New oligosaccharides were produced by transglucosylation processes employing M. reukaufii cell extracts in overload-sucrose reactions. These products were purified and structurally characterized by MS-ESI and NMR techniques. The reaction mixture included new sugars showing a great variety of glycosidic bonds including α-(1→1), α-(1→3) and α-(1→6) linkages. The main product synthesized was the trisaccharide isomelezitose, whose maximum concentration reached 81 g l-1 , the highest amount reported for any unmodified enzyme or microbial extract. In addition, 51 g l-1 of the disaccharide trehalulose was also produced. Both sugars show potential nutraceutical and prebiotic properties. Interestingly, the sugar mixture obtained in the biosynthetic reactions also contained oligosaccharides such as esculose, a rare trisaccharide with no previous NMR structure elucidation, as well as erlose, melezitose and theanderose. All the sugars produced are naturally found in honey. These compounds are of biotechnological interest due to their potential food, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaDepartamento de Biología Molecular (UAM‐CSIC)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Miguel Remacha
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaDepartamento de Biología Molecular (UAM‐CSIC)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Ana Poveda
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en BiocienciasParque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia48160DerioBiscaySpain
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en BiocienciasParque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia48160DerioBiscaySpain
| | - Maria Fernandez‐Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo OchoaDepartamento de Biología Molecular (UAM‐CSIC)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gomez-Zavaglia A, Prieto Lage MA, Jimenez-Lopez C, Mejuto JC, Simal-Gandara J. The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090406. [PMID: 31533320 PMCID: PMC6770939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in this field. Algae are not only of high ecological value but also of great economic importance. Possible applications of algae are very diverse and include anti-biofilm activity, production of biofuels, bioremediation, as fertilizer, as fish feed, as food or food ingredients, in pharmacology (since they show antioxidant or contraceptive activities), in cosmeceutical formulation, and in such other applications as filters or for obtaining minerals. In this context, algae as food can be of help to maintain or even improve human health, and there is a growing interest in new products called functional foods, which can promote such a healthy state. Therefore, in this search, one of the main areas of research is the extraction and characterization of new natural ingredients with biological activity (e.g., prebiotic and antioxidant) that can contribute to consumers' well-being. The present review shows the results of a bibliographic survey on the chemical composition of macroalgae, together with a critical discussion about their potential as natural sources of new functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calle 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Prieto Lage
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan C Mejuto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Indira M, Venkateswarulu TC, Abraham Peele K, Nazneen Bobby M, Krupanidhi S. Bioactive molecules of probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:306. [PMID: 31355115 PMCID: PMC6656846 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria residing in the gut environment do play a pivotal role in metabolic activities of the host. The metabolites produced by these bacteria affect the physiology and health of the host. The gut bacteria are exposed to environmental conditions where multiple factors such as lifestyle, stress, antibiotics, host genetics and infections have an influence on them. In case of pathogenesis of a disease, the gut bacterial composition is altered which leads to a diseased state. This stage is due to colonization of bacterial pathogens in the gut environment. The pathological condition can be alleviated by administering probiotic strains into the gut environment. The probiotic strains produce therapeutic molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, bacteriocins, enzymes, immunomodulatory compounds and short-chain fatty acids. This review discusses recent evidences of the impact of bioactive molecules produced by probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action in the gut environment to maintain homeostasis and health of the host without any effect on beneficial bacteria sharing the same niche. In addition, the manufacturing challenges of probiotic products for various applications are discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Indira
- Department of Bio-Technology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - T. C. Venkateswarulu
- Department of Bio-Technology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - K. Abraham Peele
- Department of Bio-Technology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Md. Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Bio-Technology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - S. Krupanidhi
- Department of Bio-Technology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| |
Collapse
|