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Lara-Castor L, Micha R, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, Zhang J, Sharib JR, Erndt-Marino J, Cash SB, Barquera S, Mozaffarian D. Intake of sugar sweetened beverages among children and adolescents in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018: population based study. BMJ 2024; 386:e079234. [PMID: 39111807 PMCID: PMC11305379 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-079234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify global intakes of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and trends over time among children and adolescents. DESIGN Population based study. SETTING Global Dietary Database. POPULATION Children and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018, jointly stratified at subnational level by age, sex, parental education, and rural or urban residence. RESULTS In 2018, mean global SSB intake was 3.6 (standardized serving=248 g (8 oz)) servings/week (1.3 (95% uncertainly interval 1.0 to 1.9) in south Asia to 9.1 (8.3 to 10.1) in Latin America and the Caribbean). SSB intakes were higher in older versus younger children and adolescents, those resident in urban versus rural areas, and those of parents with higher versus lower education. Between 1990 and 2018, mean global SSB intakes increased by 0.68 servings/week (22.9%), with the largest increases in sub-Saharan Africa (2.17 servings/week; 106%). Of 185 countries included in the analysis, 56 (30.3%) had a mean SSB intake of ≥7 servings/week, representing 238 million children and adolescents, or 10.4% of the global population of young people. CONCLUSION This study found that intakes of SSBs among children and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries increased by 23% from 1990 to 2018, parallel to the rise in prevalence of obesity among this population globally. SSB intakes showed large heterogeneity among children and adolescents worldwide and by age, parental level of education, and urbanicity. This research should help to inform policies to reduce SSB intake among young people, particularly those with larger intakes across all education levels in urban and rural areas in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the growing problem of SSBs for public health in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lara-Castor
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renata Micha
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Frederick Cudhea
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Miller
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peilin Shi
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia R Sharib
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josh Erndt-Marino
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Barquera
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Dugandzic R, Konstantelos N, Yu Y, Lavigne E, Srugo S, Lang JJ, Larsen K, Pollock T, Villeneuve P, Thomson EM, MacPherson M, Dales R, Cakmak S. Associations between paediatric obesity, chemical mixtures and environmental factors, in a national cross-sectional study of Canadian children. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13117. [PMID: 38872449 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst single chemical exposures are suspected to be obesogenic, the combined role of chemical mixtures in paediatric obesity is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the potential associations between chemical mixtures and obesity in a population-based sample of Canadian children. METHODS We ascertained biomonitoring and health data for children aged 3-11 from the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2007 to 2019. Several chemicals of interest were measured in blood or urine and paediatric obesity was defined based on measured anthropometrics. Using quantile-based G computational analysis, we quantified the effects of three chemical mixtures selected a priori. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental factors identified through a directed acyclic graph. Results are presented through adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS We included 9147 children. Of these, 24.1% were overweight or obese. Exposure to the mixture of bisphenol A, acrylamide, glycidamide, metals, parabens and arsenic increased the risk of childhood overweight or obesity by 45% (95% CI 1.09, 1.93), obesity by 109% (95% CI 1.27, 3.42) and central obesity by 82% (95% CI 1.30, 2.56). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of early childhood chemical exposures in paediatric obesity and the potential combined effects of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Dugandzic
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Konstantelos
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamei Yu
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Srugo
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Larsen
- Office of Environmental Health, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Pollock
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Dales
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabit Cakmak
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Costa PCT, Duarte DB, Viana das Neves TAF, Moraes RCSD, Toscano LDLT, Arruda Neta ADCPD, Baccin Martins VJ, de Brito Alves JL. Assessment of Biochemical, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Children with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2477. [PMID: 39125359 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as dietary intake in Brazilian children diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and compared them with their counterparts without SIBO. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with 106 children aged 7 to 10 years. A glucose-hydrogen breath test was performed to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Anthropometric and dietary characteristics were assessed. Blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters and cytokines were measured. RESULTS The occurrence of SIBO was 13.2%. Age, BMI, BMI/age WC, BFP, sex and biochemical markers were similar between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative children (p > 0.05). High consumption of ultra-processed foods tended to be higher in SIBO-positive compared to SIBO-negative children (47.8 ± 8.2 vs. 42.6 ± 9.5, p = 0.06). Serum levels of IL-17 were higher in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [69.5 (5.4-125.7) vs. 53.4 (2.3-157.7), p = 0.03], while serum levels of IL-10 were lower in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [2.3 (0.6-7.2) vs. 5.7 (0.5-30.8), p = 0.04]. Finally, in a logistic regression adjusted for sex, BMI and age, consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03) and IL-6 levels (p = 0.003) were found to contribute to the occurrence of SIBO. CONCLUSION this study identified for the first time an occurrence of 13% of SIBO in children living in the northeastern region of Brazil and showed that consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum levels of IL-6 may influence the occurrence of the SIBO in the pediatrics population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Trindade Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Davyson Barbosa Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Mirabelli KM, Schultz BK, Schoemann AM, Bell SR, Lazorick S. Psychometric Properties of a Wellness Behavior Rating Scale for Young Adolescents. Eval Health Prof 2024:1632787241263372. [PMID: 39030071 DOI: 10.1177/01632787241263372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Technology (PANT) survey, developed by researchers to track weight management behaviors among youth. Data from 2,039 middle school students (M age = 12.4, SD = .5; 51.4% girls) were analyzed to explore and then confirm the factor structure of the PANT survey. We also examined the bivariate associations between the PANT survey, body mass index (BMI), and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiorespiratory Endurance Run (PACER). Results suggest that the PANT survey is comprised of two factors-Physical Activity and Healthy Choices-each with adequate internal consistency (α = .79 and 0.86, respectively). The Physical Activity subscale appears to be significantly associated with both z-BMI (r = -0.10, p < .001) and the PACER (r = 0.33, p < .001) in the anticipated directions, but the criterion validity of the Healthy Choices subscale is less clear. We discuss these findings and explore future directions for developing meaningful self-report wellness behavior scales for youth.
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Stewart R, Conway DI, Macpherson LMD, Sherriff A. Obesity and dental caries in childhood: trends in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities-a multicohort population-wide data linkage study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:642-648. [PMID: 38724064 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify levels of coexisting obesity and caries experience in children in Scotland, and any associated socioeconomic inequalities over the years 2011/2012-2017/2018. DESIGN A multicohort population-wide data linkage study. SETTING Local authority primary schools in Scotland. PATIENTS 335 361 primary 1 (approximately 5 years old) schoolchildren in Scotland between 2011/2012 and 2017/2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and inequalities in coexisting caries and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of coexisting obesity and caries experience was 3.4% (n=11 494 of 335 361) and did not change over the 7 years. Children living in the 20% most deprived areas had more than sixfold greater odds of coexisting obesity and caries experience than children from the 20% least deprived areas (adjusted OR=6.63 (95% CI=6.16 to 7.14; p<0.001)). There was a large persistent socioeconomic gradient across the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation groups, with the Slope and Relative Indices of Inequality remaining unchanged over the 7 cohort years. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in oral health in children in Scotland, the prevalence of coexisting obesity and caries experience has remained static, with large persistent inequalities. These conditions are likely to signal increased risk of chronic conditions including multimorbidity in adulthood and therefore early identification of children most at risk and timely intervention tackling common risk factors should be developed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stewart
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David I Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorna M D Macpherson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Zhang T, Ye H, Pang X, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang Y, Zheng C, Jiao J, Xu X. Seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity: results from a Nationwide Cohort Study. Nutr J 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 39010085 PMCID: PMC11251353 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity has been linked to various detrimental health consequences. While there is established evidence of a negative correlation between seafood consumption and obesity in adults, the current research on the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the association between seafood intake in childhood/adolescence and the risk of obesity in a Chinese nationwide cohort. METHODS We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from the year of 1997 to 2015. Seafood consumption was evaluated through 3-day 24-hour recalls. In our study, overweight/obesity status was determined based on the Chinese Criteria of Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 586-2018), while abdominal obesity status was determined according to the Chinese Criteria of Waist Circumference Screening Threshold among Children and Adolescents (WS/T 611-2018). RESULTS During an average follow-up of 7.9 years, 404 cases developed overweight/obesity among 2206 participants in the seafood-overweight/obesity analysis, while 381 cases developed abdominal obesity among 2256 participants in the seafood-abdominal-obesity analysis. The high-consumer group was associated with 35% lower risk of overweight/obesity risk and 26% lower risk of abdominal obesity after fully adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with the non-consumer group. Considering different cooking methods, boiled seafood consumption was associated with 43% lower risk of overweight/obesity and 23% lower risk of abdominal obesity in the fully adjusted model, while stir-fried seafood did not demonstrate a statistical significance. CONCLUSION Higher intake of seafood in childhood/adolescents, particularly in a boiled way, was associated with lower obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Haiyan People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hao L, Li M, Gu H, Li J. Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction ameliorates obesity via modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid degradation through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106874. [PMID: 39002709 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction (DHXD) is the representative clinical formula for treating epigastric oppression. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of DHXD on obesity and attempt to investigate its potential mechanism. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated and high-fat diet-induced obese rat model was established. DHXD was used for treatment and tunicamycin, the activator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was adopted to investigate the related regulatory mechanism. Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay. Oil-Red O staining was performed to determine lipid accumulation. Glycerol production and Triglyceride content were measured using their commercial kits. Western blot was conducted to examine the expression of critical proteins. Results indicated that DHXD could greatly reduce intracellular lipid droplets and triglyceride in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, the elevated expression of mature adipocytes markers, PPARγ, aP2, during adipogenesis was decreased by DHXD treatment. In addition, DHXD aggravated the lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, as evidenced by the upregulated ATGL expression and the downregulated HSL expression. Besides, DHXD inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in 3T3-L1 cells. Further experiments indicated that the impacts of DHXD on adipocyte differentiation and lipid degradation were partly abolished by tunicamycin. Finally, DHXD alleviated lipid accumulation and ER stress in obese rats. In conclusion, DHXD ameliorates obesity via modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid degradation through inhibiting ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Fangshan District Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing 102400, PR China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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Onay T, Beyazıt U, Uçar A, Bütün Ayhan A. Obesity in childhood: associations with parental neglect, nutritional habits, and obesity awareness. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1430418. [PMID: 39015536 PMCID: PMC11250508 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1430418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships underlying the dynamic between obesity and parental neglect in terms of nutritional habits and obesity awareness are unclear. Parental neglect remains a significant subject of concern that needs to be examined in the context of obesity. Methods The aim was to examine the relationships between childhood obesity, parental neglect, children's eating habits and obesity. The study group consisted of 404 children and their parents from Ankara, Turkiye. As data collection tools, an Individual Information Form, Obesity Awareness Scale, the Parents Form of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behaviors Scale were administered. In addition, information on the children's body mass indexes was obtained by anthropometric measurements and the findings were recorded on the questionnaires of each child. Results It was found that 98 (24.3%) of the children included in the study were overweight and 63 (15.6%) were obese. The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that in the underweight and overweight group, the parents' perception of their child's weight predicted body mass index in children, and in the obese group, along with the parents' perception of their child's weight, the age and gender of the child, eating fast, obesity in the family and parental neglect were also predictors. Conclusion Practitioners such as nurses, dietitians and child developmentalists working in schools should consider weight problems in children as one of the indicators of parental neglect and should implement interventive efforts to enhance parental supervision of children at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Onay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Utku Beyazıt
- Child Development Department, Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Uçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aynur Bütün Ayhan
- Child Development Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Alalawi A, Blank L, Goyder E. Umbrella review of international evidence for the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304513. [PMID: 38870155 PMCID: PMC11175402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and physical inactivity among children and young people are public health concerns. Despite the wide variety of interventions available to promote physical activity, little is known about which interventions are most effective. This review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on school-based interventions that aim to increase physical activity among children and young people aged 6 to 18 years. METHODS A systematic review of reviews was undertaken. We searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between December 2017 and January 2024 using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers, who also conducted data extraction and quality assessments. We focused on outcomes like changes in physical activity levels and body mass index to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS A total of 23 reviews examining school-based physical activity interventions met the inclusion criteria, comprising 15 systematic reviews and 8 meta-analyses. All reviews (N = 23) were implemented in the school setting: three in primary schools, seven in secondary schools, and thirteen targeted both primary and secondary schools. The findings demonstrated that six reviews reported a statistical increase in physical activity levels among the target population, and one review found a decrease in body mass index. The most promising interventions focused on physical activity included within the school curriculum and were characterised as long-term interventions. 20 out of 23 reviews assessed the quality of primary studies. CONCLUSION Some interventions were promising in promoting physical activity among school-aged children and young people such as Daily Mile, Active Break, and Active transport while multi-component interventions seem to be positively effective in reducing BMI. Future efforts should focus on long-term, theory-driven programmes to ensure sustainable increases in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alalawi
- Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Al Qunfudah Health Sciences College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lindsay Blank
- Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Roumi Z, Salimi Z, Mahmoudi Z, Mobarakeh KA, Ladaninezhad M, Zeinalabedini M, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Shamsi‐Goushki A, Saeedirad Z, Bahar B, Khoshdooz S, Kalantari N, Azizi Tabesh G, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. Efficacy of a Comprehensive Weight Reduction Intervention in Male Adolescents With Different FTO Genotypes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00483. [PMID: 38556726 PMCID: PMC10982462 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FTO gene polymorphisms may influence the effects of lifestyle interventions on obesity. The present study aimed to assess the influence of the rs9930506 FTO gene polymorphism on the success of a comprehensive weight loss intervention in male adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS This study was carried out on 96 adolescent boys with overweight and obesity who were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 53) and control (n = 43) groups. The blood samples of the participants were collected, and the FTO gene was genotyped for the rs9930506 polymorphism. A comprehensive lifestyle intervention including changes in diet and physical activity was performed for 8 weeks in the intervention group. RESULTS Following the lifestyle intervention, BMI and fat mass decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (both p < 0.05), while no change was found in weight, height or body muscle percentage between the groups. The participants in the intervention group with the AA/AG genotype and not in carriers of the GG genotype had a significantly higher reduction in BMI (-1.21 vs. 1.87 kg/m2, F = 4.07, p < 0.05) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The intervention in individuals with the AA/AG genotype has been significantly effective in weight loss compared with the control group. The intervention had no association effect on anthropometric indices in adolescents with the GG genotype of the FTO rs9930506 polymorphism. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of the registry: National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Trial registration number: IRCT2016020925699N2; Date of registration: 24/04/2016; URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/21447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Ladaninezhad
- School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mobina Zeinalabedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Shamsi‐Goushki
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Saeedirad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical ScienceRashtIran
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Genomic Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Chen M, Strodl E, Yang W, Yin X, Wen G, Sun D, Xian D, Zhao Y, Chen W. Independent and Joint Effects of Prenatal Incense-Burning Smoke Exposure and Children's Early Outdoor Activity on Preschoolers' Obesity. TOXICS 2024; 12:329. [PMID: 38787109 PMCID: PMC11126066 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Incense burning is a significant source of indoor air pollution in many Asian regions. There is emerging evidence that maternal prenatal exposure to incense-burning smoke may be a risk factor for childhood obesity. We aimed to extend this new line of research by investigating the independent and joint effect of incense-burning smoke exposure, and children's outdoor activity in early life, on preschoolers' obesity. A total of 69,637 mother-child dyads were recruited from all kindergartens in the Longhua District of Shenzhen, China. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, maternal exposure to incense-burning smoke (IBS) during pregnancy, and frequency and duration of outdoor activity at the age of 1-3 years was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, the heights and weights of the children were measured by the research team. Logistic regression models and cross-over analyses were conducted to investigate the independent and combined effects of maternal exposure to incense-burning smoke during pregnancy and children's early outdoor activity on obesity in preschoolers. We found that prenatal exposure to incense-burning smoke increased the risk of the presence of obesity in preschoolers' (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03-1.23). Additionally, lower frequencies (<3 times/week) or shorter durations (<60 min/time) of outdoor activity from the age of 1-3 years were significantly associated with the presence of obesity, with AORs of 1.24 (95% CI =1.18-1.32) and 1.11 (95% CI = 1.05-1.17), respectively. Furthermore, the cross-over analysis showed that prenatal exposure to IBS combined with a lower frequency of early outdoor activity (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.31-1.66) or a shorter duration of outdoor activity during ages of 1-3 years (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.39) increased the risk of obesity in preschoolers. Finally, additive interactions between prenatal exposure to IBS and postnatal outdoor activity on obesity were identified. Our study indicates that maternal exposure to incense-burning smoke during pregnancy and early lower postanal outdoor activity may independently and jointly increase the risk of obesity among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Weikang Yang
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xiaona Yin
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Guomin Wen
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Dengli Sun
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Danxia Xian
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yafen Zhao
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- School of Health Management, Xinhua College of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510080, China
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12
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Eo YS, Kim MS. Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity in Later School-Aged Children: Focus on Lifestyle Behaviours and Psychosocial Characteristics. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:912. [PMID: 38727468 PMCID: PMC11083297 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study analysed the 12th wave (2019) of data from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. A total of 1174 children were selected as the subjects of the study. The results concerning the identifying factors influencing overweight and obesity in later school-aged children revealed that when compared to boys, girls were 1.66 times more likely to be overweight or obese. Moreover, for every one-hour increase in media usage time, the likelihood of being overweight or obese increased by 1.23 times, and for every one-point increase in body dissatisfaction, the probability of being overweight or obese increased by 2.07 times. However, among personality traits, neuroticism was associated with a 0.96 times lower likelihood of being overweight or obese. These findings underscore the significance of considering not only lifestyle factors but also psychosocial characteristics such as body dissatisfaction and neuroticism as predictive factors for overweight and obesity in later school-aged children, providing a basis for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sook Eo
- College of Nursing, Dongguk University-WISE, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myo-Sung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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13
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Fu J, Sun S, Zhu S, Wang R, Chen D, Chen R, Xue R, Lv W, Zhang Y, Huang T, Hu X, Jiang T, Wen L, Su L, He Z, Zhao G, Zou W. Relationship between 24-h activity behavior and body fat percentage in preschool children: based on compositional data and isotemporal substitution analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1063. [PMID: 38627707 PMCID: PMC11022470 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the dose‒response relationship between 24-h activity behaviors and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese preschool children using a compositional isotemporal substitution model (ISM). METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 881 children aged 3-6 from urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province were sampled. Activity behaviors, including sedentary behavior (SB), low-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), were measured using accelerometers. Sleep patterns were assessed through questionnaires, and BFP was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The study employed compositional data analysis (CoDA) and ISM to estimate the impact of reallocating durations of different activity behaviors on BFP. RESULTS Higher BFP was found in urban vs. rural children, decreasing with age. Overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% and 7.6%, respectively, above national averages. MVPA and LPA were negatively correlated with BFP, while SB was positively correlated. A 30-min MVPA reduction significantly increased zBFR, particularly in overweight children. Gender-specific nuances revealed that boys' MVPA negatively influenced zBFP (β = -0.155), P < 0.05), while girls' SB positively impacted zBFP (β = 0.636, P < 0.01). Isotemporal simulations emphasized amplified effects in overweight children, with boys' zBFR rising rapidly when MVPA was substituted and girls displaying a notable substitution effect between SB and LPA. CONCLUSION BFP is closely linked to 24-h activity behaviors, notably in overweight and obese preschoolers. ISM identified MVPA as a critical influencer, with a 30-min reduction substantially increasing BFP. Gender disparities were evident, implicating MVPA in boys and LPA and SB in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Fu
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shunli Sun
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shenggen Zhu
- Physical Education Institute, Xinyu University, No.2666 Sunshine Avenue, Xinyu, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Delong Chen
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wendi Lv
- School of Sports and Health, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, NoJiangxi, China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Technology Road, Fujian Normal University, No.1, University Town, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianle Jiang
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Jiangxi Province Sports Science Medical Center, No.28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqiang Su
- Physical Education Institute, Jiangxi Normal University, No.99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zihao He
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No.48 Information Road, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guanggao Zhao
- Physical Education Institute, Nanchang University, No.999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Weilu Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Gymnastics Sports Management Center, 28 Fuzhou Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Darling JC, Rudolf MCJ, Rubino F, Greenough A. Tackling obesity while preventing obesity stigma. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2023-325894. [PMID: 38589199 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health problem. Prevalence is rising in children and young people, with lifelong health impacts and implications for paediatric clinical practice. Obesity stigma is increasingly acknowledged as a problem within health services. Health professionals can inadvertently contribute to this stigma, which is harmful and in itself can promote weight gain. A complex web of factors contributes to obesity, and a simplistic approach exclusively focused on personal responsibility, diet and exercise is unhelpful. A more nuanced, sensitive and informed approach is needed, with careful use of language and non-judgemental partnership working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Darling
- Division of Women's and Children's Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Paediatric Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Mary C J Rudolf
- Department of Population Health, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Galil Elyon, Israel
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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De Ryck E, Ghosh M, Nawrot TS, Reimann B, Koppen G, Verachtert E, Devlieger R, Godderis L, Pauwels S. Effects of exposure to environmental factors on obesity-related growth parameters and leptin (LEP) methylation in children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123465. [PMID: 38309423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing. Therefore, gaining more information on the role of environmental parameters is key. With overexpression of leptin (encoded by LEP) in obesity, LEP methylation might be altered by environmental exposures. This study aims to assess effects of ambient air pollution and nearby greenness on obesity-related growth and LEP methylation in early childhood. We monitored 120 mother-child pairs from conception until the age of five. Buccal swabs and anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at six months, one year, and five years old. Buccal DNA was extracted to determine LEP methylation levels. Estimates of air pollution and nearby greenness were calculated using high-resolution models. Effects of air pollution and nearby greenness on growth or LEP methylation were investigated using linear mixed effects models. Positive associations were shown for air pollution between conception and age one on impedance in six-month-olds and one-year-olds in the crude model. PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 (PM10) and ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) positively associated with waist-hip-ratio and waist circumference at age five in the fully adjusted model. In early childhood, closest distance to forest negatively, and urban green and forest positively associated with weight-for-length, body mass index, and fat percentage in five-year-olds in the fully adjusted model. No significant associations for noise, and walkability on growth were seen. Negative associations were shown for smaller green clusters and positive associations for greater green clusters on LEP methylation in one-year-olds. For forest distance, walkability, noise, or all green on LEP methylation, no significant associations were found. Evidence is provided that ambient air pollution might have a significant effect on impedance and waist-hip-ratio, suggesting an increased risk of childhood obesity. Based on LEP methylation, greater green clusters might associate with a decreased risk of childhood obesity, while smaller green clusters showed the opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi De Ryck
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Reimann
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Els Verachtert
- Environmental Modelling Unit, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Leuven - University Hospitals of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Sara Pauwels
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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16
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Foraita R, Witte J, Börnhorst C, Gwozdz W, Pala V, Lissner L, Lauria F, Reisch LA, Molnár D, De Henauw S, Moreno L, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Pigeot I, Didelez V. A longitudinal causal graph analysis investigating modifiable risk factors and obesity in a European cohort of children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6822. [PMID: 38514750 PMCID: PMC10957936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a complex disorder that appears to be influenced by an interacting system of many factors. Taking this complexity into account, we aim to investigate the causal structure underlying childhood obesity. Our focus is on identifying potential early, direct or indirect, causes of obesity which may be promising targets for prevention strategies. Using a causal discovery algorithm, we estimate a cohort causal graph (CCG) over the life course from childhood to adolescence. We adapt a popular method, the so-called PC-algorithm, to deal with missing values by multiple imputation, with mixed discrete and continuous variables, and that takes background knowledge such as the time-structure of cohort data into account. The algorithm is then applied to learn the causal structure among 51 variables including obesity, early life factors, diet, lifestyle, insulin resistance, puberty stage and cultural background of 5112 children from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort across three waves (2007-2014). The robustness of the learned causal structure is addressed in a series of alternative and sensitivity analyses; in particular, we use bootstrap resamples to assess the stability of aspects of the learned CCG. Our results suggest some but only indirect possible causal paths from early modifiable risk factors, such as audio-visual media consumption and physical activity, to obesity (measured by age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores) 6 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Janine Witte
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wencke Gwozdz
- Department of Consumer Research, Communication and Food Sociology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- El-Erian Institute of Behavioural Economics and Policy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Didelez
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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17
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Bijlani C, Vrinten C, Junghans C, Chang K, Lewis E, Mulla U, Seferidi P, Laverty AA, Vamos EP. Changes in diet and physical activity following a community-wide pilot intervention to tackle childhood obesity in a deprived inner-London ward. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:800. [PMID: 38481177 PMCID: PMC10938768 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local authorities in England have an important role in shaping healthy local environments contributing to childhood obesity. This study examined changes in diet and physical activity in primary school children following a three-year, complex, community-based intervention in Golborne ward, the second most deprived ward in London. METHODS The Go-Golborne intervention aimed to shape the local environment across multiple settings with the engagement of a large number of local government and community stakeholders in a joint approach. Activities focused on six co-created themes to make changes to local environments and reduce sugary snacks and beverage consumption, increase fruit and vegetable intake, promote healthy snacks, increase active play and travel, and reduce screen time. We analysed changes in self-reported diet and physical activity, collected annually between 2016 and 2019, from 1,650 children aged 6-11 years through six local schools, who all received the intervention. We used multilevel, linear and logistic random-slope regression models adjusted for time on study, baseline age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation quintile, school, and baseline weight status. RESULTS After three years of follow-up, there were reductions in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (adjusted beta -0·43 occasions/day, 95% CI -0·55 to -0·32), fruit and vegetable consumption (adjusted beta -0.22 portions, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.001) and car travel to and from school (adjusted OR 0·19, 95% CI 0·06 to 0·66), while screen time increased (high versus moderate/low: OR 2·30, 95% CI 1·36 to 3·90). For other behavioural outcomes, there was no statistically significant evidence of changes. CONCLUSION Local authorities have substantial powers to make positive changes to the obesogenic environment but programmes remain under-evaluated. Results from the ambitious Go-Golborne intervention demonstrated mixed results in health behaviours following programme implementation. These results underline the importance of a coordinated and comprehensive policy response to support changes in wider environmental and social conditions as well as appropriate and holistic evaluations of initiatives to inform local actions on obesogenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Bijlani
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) School of Public Health Research (SPHR), London, UK.
| | - Charlotte Vrinten
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Cornelia Junghans
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Northwest London, London, UK
| | - Kiara Chang
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | | | - UmmeZeinab Mulla
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Paraskevi Seferidi
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Eszter P Vamos
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, Imperial College London, 3rd Floor Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
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18
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Piesch L, Stojan R, Zinner J, Büsch D, Utesch K, Utesch T. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Body Mass Index of Primary School Children from Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38429549 PMCID: PMC10907325 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is associated with various health outcomes. Restrictive measures to contain the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, like lockdowns and school closures, affected children's daily structure, physical activity, dietary habits, and sleep quality, possibly exacerbating risk factors for childhood obesity and higher body mass index (BMI) in children. Poor socioeconomic conditions may have led to relatively higher risk for elevated BMI levels following pandemic measures. In this study, the impact of measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the BMI of third graders was investigated regarding children's socioeconomic background (SEB). METHODS Data from 41,728 children (8.84 ± 0.56 years, 20,431 female) were collected in the context of a cohort study. Children were tested either before the pandemic (preCOVID: Sept2017-March2020, n = 26,314), or following the first (postLDI: Aug2020-Dec2020, n = 6657) or second lockdown in Germany (postLDII: Aug2021-Jan2022, n = 8757). SEB was based on the official school type classification of the state of Berlin. Outcome was BMI standard deviation scores (SDS). RESULTS Significant effects of Time and SEB revealed elevated BMIs in postLDI (M = 0.23, p = 0.011) and postLDII (M = 0.22, p = 0.011) compared to preCOVID (M = 0.17) cohorts and higher BMIs for children with lower SEB (b = - 0.13, p < 0.001). A significant Time × SEB interaction indicated that the effect of SEB on children's BMI increased in response to lockdowns, especially in postLDII (b = - 0.05, p = 0.006). Results suggest that the COVID-19-related measures lead to increased BMI in children, and that children of lower SEB were at particular risk for higher BMIs following lockdowns. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the dependency of children's BMI on societal circumstances. Over the course of two lockdowns in Germany, children have experienced BMI increments, particularly in low socioeconomic areas. Authorities are called into action to counteract increasing rates of childhood weight by promoting physical activity of children and establishing related post-pandemic offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Piesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Stojan
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Zinner
- Deutsche Hochschule für Gesundheit und Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Büsch
- Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Utesch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Utesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Bispinghof 5/6, 48143, Münster, Germany.
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19
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Banany M, Kang M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. A systematic review of school-based weight-related interventions in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Syst Rev 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38355590 PMCID: PMC10865693 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at alarming levels in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar). Weight-related interventions are urgently required in these countries to tackle childhood overweight and obesity and their-related consequences. To date, no systematic review has synthesised school-based weight-related interventions in the six GCC countries. This study aims to systematically review school-based, weight-related interventions conducted in the GCC countries, investigating the intervention characteristics, components, and outcomes. METHODS Medline, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature published in English without date restriction and Google Scholar for grey literature using combined Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords under five relevant concepts including population, setting, interventions, outcomes, and geographical location. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), records were identified, screened for eligibility, and included in this review. Using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors. RESULTS Out of 1303 initially identified records, eight peer-reviewed articles and three doctoral theses were included in this review. The age of the students in the included studies ranged between 5 to 19 years, and the sample sizes between 28 and 3,967 students. The studies included between one and thirty public and private schools. Of the included studies, six were randomised controlled trials, four pre-post studies and one used a post-study design. Only four of the eleven studies were theory based. The included studies reported various improvements in the students' weight or weight-related lifestyle behaviours, such as healthier dietary choices, increased physical activity, and decreased sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the potential effectiveness of school-based interventions in the GCC countries. However, a thorough evaluation of these studies revealed significant methodological limitations that must be acknowledged in interpreting these results. Future studies in this field should be theory-based and use more rigorous evaluation methods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020156535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Melissa Kang
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Ochoa-Moreno I, Taheem R, Woods-Townsend K, Chase D, Godfrey KM, Modi N, Hanson M. Projected health and economic effects of the increase in childhood obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic in England: The potential cost of inaction. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296013. [PMID: 38265978 PMCID: PMC10807834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young children rose sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we estimate the potential future health and economic effects of these trends in England. METHODS Using publicly available annual Body Mass Index (BMI) data from 2006-2022, we calculated the increase in overweight/obesity prevalence (BMI ≥85th reference percentile) during the COVID-19 pandemic among children aged 4-5 and 10-11, and variation by deprivation and ethnicity. We projected the impact of child BMI trends on adult health measures to estimate added lifelong medical and social costs. RESULTS During 2020-2021 there were steep increases in overweight and obesity prevalence in children. By 2022, overweight and obesity prevalence in children aged 4-5 returned to expected levels based on pre-pandemic trends. However, overweight and obesity prevalence in children aged 10-11 persisted and was 4 percentage points (p<0.001) higher than expected, representing almost 56,000 additional children. The increase was twice as high in the most compared with the least deprived areas. The additional lifelong healthcare cost in this cohort will amount to £800 million with a cost to society of £8.7 billion. We did not find an increase in maternal obesity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, however, prevalence grew faster in the post pandemic period. DISCUSSION The return of overweight and obesity prevalence to pre-pandemic trends in children aged 4-5 provides a clear policy target for effective intervention to tackle this growing and serious population health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ochoa-Moreno
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Ravita Taheem
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton City Council, Civic Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Woods-Townsend
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton Education School, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Chase
- Southampton City Council, Civic Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Modi
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hanson
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Rathi N, Kansal S, Worsley A. Indian fathers are involved in nurturing healthy behaviours in adolescents: A qualitative inquiry. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38178085 PMCID: PMC10768344 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian adolescents exhibit unhealthy food behaviours and inactive lifestyles which increase their risk of developing obesity and associated negative health consequences. The family food environment represents a vital setting to nurture healthy lifestyle behaviours in adolescents, with parents influencing their adolescents' dietary and physical activity behaviours. Yet, much of the existing evidence exploring parental influences predominantly focuses on mothers while fathers' engagement in instilling healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours is understudied, more so in the context of developing economies like India. Therefore, this qualitative study was designed to understand Indian fathers' views on instilling healthy behaviours in their children. METHODS Convenience sampling along with snowball sampling techniques were employed to recruit fathers of adolescents aged 10-19 years from Kolkata city, India. Informed by the research aim and review of literature, an interview guide was developed and pre-tested. Interviews were carried out either in person or virtually (Zoom/telephone) in English/Hindi/Bengali as per the preference of the participants. All interactions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English for the purpose of data analysis. The transcripts were analysed thematically using NVivo software program. Themes were identified using both inductive and deductive approaches. RESULTS A total 36 fathers participated in the interviews. Seven main themes were identified: (i) Involvement of fathers in adolescent upbringing (i.e. engagement in meal preparation, food shopping, educational activities, physical activity); (ii) Family food environment (i.e. setting food rules, having meals with children, making food available); (iii) Challenges to instilling healthy behaviours in adolescents (i.e. adolescents' sedentary lifestyle and liking for unhealthy foods); (iv) Barriers to routine involvement in adolescent upbringing (i.e. time constraints due to paid employment, poor socio-economic status); (v) Adolescent nutrition education: (vi) Dual burden of malnutrition (i.e. awareness of malnutrition, no knowledge about government-led health programs for adolescents); (vii) Paternal knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The emerging themes reveal that Indian fathers played a crucial role in instilling healthy dietary and physical activity behaviour in their adolescents through various parenting practices such as purchasing nutritious food, enforcing food rules, disseminating nutrition-related knowledge, and encouraging adolescents to participate in moderate-to-vigorous intensity outdoor sports. This provides strong support for the inclusion of fathers in sustainable family-focused lifestyle interventions to maximise the nurturing care required by adolescents as well as assist in normalising the representation of fathers in health and welfare policies designed for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rathi
- Department of Home Science, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sangeeta Kansal
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anthony Worsley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 3220, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Tang C, Han M, Wang Y, Zhao K, Liu J, Tian J, Wang H, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Urinary neonicotinoids and metabolites are associated with obesity risk in Chinese school children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108366. [PMID: 38061247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides. Laboratory studies have suggested that neonicotinoids are one potential obesogen, but relevant data are limited in human. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between exposure to neonicotinoids and childhood obesity. METHODS We investigated 442 children in Shanghai, East China and measured eight neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, and imidaclothiz) and four metabolites (N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam, N-desmethyl-clothianidin, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, and 5-OH-imidacloprid) in urine. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to identify general overweight/obesity and central obesity, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models based on generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the associations of urinary neonicotinoids and metabolites with BMI z-score, WC z-score, general overweight/obesity, and central obesity. RESULTS Children with a positive detection of clothianidin and its metabolite had a marginally higher BMI z-score (regression coefficient (β): 0.08, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.01, 0.14) after adjusted for relevant covariates. After creatinine-adjusted concentration was trichotomized, compared to children with a negative detection, children in the high urinary concentration of acetamiprid and its metabolite had a low BMI z-score (β: -0.19, 95%CI: -0.30, -0.08), children in the medium urinary concentration of neonicotinoids and metabolites other than thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, and their metabolites had a marginally higher BMI z-score (β: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.46), a higher WC z-score (β: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.33), and a higher odds of central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.63), and children in the medium urinary concentration of all neonicotinoids and metabolites had a higher odds of central obesity (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.33). Some associations showed sex- and age- related differences. CONCLUSION Urinary neonicotinoids and metabolites were found to be differently associated with obesity-related indexes, which suggested that exposure to neonicotinoids might have a mixed effect on childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Yang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanping Wang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning District, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Minghui Han
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiacheng Tian
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hexing Wang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1G5Z3, Canada.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Mondal S, Basu S, Ghosh S, Guria S, Mukherjee S. Diethyl phthalate, a plasticizer, induces adipocyte inflammation and apoptosis in mice after long-term dietary administration. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23561. [PMID: 37942807 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic diseases is increasing alarmingly in recent times. Parallel to nutritional excess and sedentary lifestyle, the random usage of several endocrine disrupting chemicals including plasticizers is reported to be closely associated with metabolic diseases. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a widely used plasticizer in a host of consumer and daily care products. Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy storage and whole-body metabolism. The impairment of adipose function is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, and related metabolic diseases. Recently, exposure to certain phthalate esters has been linked to the development of obesity and diabetes, although there are contradictions and the mechanisms are not clearly understood. In an effort to ascertain the metabolic consequences of chronic phthalate exposure and the underlying mechanism, the present study was designed to examine the effects of long-term dietary consumption of DEP in adipocytes. DEP-treated mice were hyperglycemic but nonobese; their body weight initially increased which subsequently was reduced compared to control. DEP exposure at lower levels impaired adipogenesis by downregulating the key transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and its downstream insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, thereby severely compromising adipocyte function. The activation of master regulator nuclear factor κB led to rise in proinflammatory cytokines. We found that DEP triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through activated cytochrome c-Apaf1-caspase 9-caspase 3 axis in adipocytes. Taken together, our data revealed that chronic administration of dietary DEP could unleash adverse metabolic outcomes by initiating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the adipocytes, thus leading to adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyadeep Basu
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Songita Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Suktara Guria
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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24
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Halkjær SI, Refslund Danielsen M, de Knegt VE, Andersen LO, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Krogfelt KA, Cortes D, Petersen AM. Multi-strain probiotics during pregnancy in women with obesity influence infant gut microbiome development: results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337968. [PMID: 38591920 PMCID: PMC11005804 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been described to influence host health and prevent the risk of obesity by gut microbiome (GM) modulation. In a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled feasibility study, we investigated whether Vivomixx® multi-strain probiotics administered to 50 women with obesity during pregnancy altered the GM composition and perinatal health outcomes of their infants up to 9 months after birth. The mothers and infants were followed up with four visits after birth: at 3 d, and at 3, 6, and 9 months after delivery. The infants were monitored by anthropometric measurements, fecal sample analysis, and questionnaires regarding health and diet.The study setup after birth was feasible, and the women and infants were willing to participate in additional study visits and collection of fecal samples during the 9-month follow-up. In total, 47 newborns were included for microbiome analysis.Maternal prenatal Vivomixx® administration did not alter infant GM diversity nor differential abundance, and the probiotic strains were not vertically transferred. However, the infant GM exhibited a decreased prevalence of the obesity-associated genera, Collinsella, in the probiotic group and of the metabolic health-associated Akkermansia in the placebo group, indicating that indirect community-scale effects of Vivomixx® on the GM of the mothers could be transferred to the infant.Moreover, 3 d after birth, the GM of the infant was influenced by mode of delivery and antibiotics administered during birth. Vaginally delivered infants had increased diversity and relative abundance of the metabolic health-associated Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides while having a decreased relative abundance of Enterococcus compared with infants delivered by cesarean section. Maternal antibiotic administration during birth resulted in a decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriumin the GM of the infants. In conclusion, this study observed potential effects on obesity-associated infant GM after maternal probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Victoria E. de Knegt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lee O’Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hengameh Chloé Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Czepielewski LS. Childhood BMI, adolescent depression, and body dissatisfaction. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:3-4. [PMID: 38101871 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia S Czepielewski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto de Psicologia, Serviço Social, Saúde e Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
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de Frel DL, Wicks H, Bakk Z, van Keulen N, Atsma DE, Janssen VR. Identifying barriers and facilitators to adopting healthier dietary choices in clinical care: a cross-sectional observational study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1178134. [PMID: 38188877 PMCID: PMC10767758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1178134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Adopting healthier diets can drastically improve societal health. Our environment plays a crucial role in daily dietary choices and hospitals in particular can stimulate patients to adopt healthier eating habits. Unfortunately, no robust clinically applicable cuing tools exist to help guide in-hospital dietary interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify patient-related barriers and facilitators to adopting healthier dietary choices. Methods and results This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on the cardiology ward of a university medical center between June 2020 and January 2021. Of the 594 patients asked and the 312 completed surveys on healthy eating intentions, 285 responses were considered for analysis. Notably, the majority of respondents were male (68.8%), with an average hospital stay of 3.3 days. The results indicate that cardiac patients attribute significantly greater influence on their dietary behavior to doctors compared to other caregivers, including dieticians (X2 = 37.09, df = 9, p < 0.001). Also, younger patients (below 70 years of age) were more inclined to plan changing dietary behavior than older patients. Most mentioned facilitators for adopting a healthier diet were more information/counseling, help in preparing food, support from family and friends, and more emphasis from a doctor. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of involving doctors in formulating dietary policies and patient-directed interventions within hospital settings. It also sheds light on the barriers and facilitators for promoting healthier dietary behaviors among patients during their hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L. de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hope Wicks
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsa Bakk
- Section of Methodology and Statistics, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Keulen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Design, Organization and Strategy, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Veronica R. Janssen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Androja L, Bavčević T, Jurčev Savičević A, Bavčević D, Ninčević J, Buljan A, Nonković D, Rodrigues V, Karin Ž. Body Mass Index Trends before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Primary School Students in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 38201879 PMCID: PMC10780733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, childhood obesity has become a serious problem, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper aimed to examine whether body mass index (BMI) was higher during the pandemic (2020-2022) than in the pre-pandemic period (2012/2013-2019) using trends related to sex, urban-rural area, and physical activity (PA). This study included data from physical examinations of an entire population of primary school children from Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia) over a period of 10 years. There were 103,804 students from the first, fifth, and eighth grades who participated in the analysis. During the pandemic, the BMI of all the students increased, except for eighth-grade girls. Generations of eighth graders have had significantly different BMIs throughout the past decade. We found that first graders were overweight and obese in urban areas, while in rural areas, this problem was experienced by upper grades. Girls were more overweight and obese in the first and eighth grades, but boys experienced this more in the fifth grade. Reduced PA influenced an increase in BMI in both sexes, especially in girls. During the pandemic, this situation became worse. This study could be useful to experts for the creation of new policies for Split-Dalmatia County and surrounding regions that are similar economically and culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Androja
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Department of Sports Management, Aspira University of Applied Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonči Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Jurčev Savičević
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Bavčević
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Ninčević
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Buljan
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Diana Nonković
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vitor Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3030-222 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Željka Karin
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.A.)
- Teaching Institute for Public Health of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Morales-Alducin M, Flores Peña Y, Gutiérrez Valverde JM, Trujillo Hernández PE, Ángel García J. [Parenting stress, maternal feeding styles related to preschooler body mass index]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1159-1165. [PMID: 37522436 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child's BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in prescho.
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Tapia-González A, Vélez-Ixta JM, Bueno-Hernández N, Piña-Escobedo A, Briones-Garduño JC, de la Rosa-Ruiz L, Aguayo-Guerrero J, Mendoza-Martínez VM, Snowball-del-Pilar L, Escobedo G, Meléndez-Mier G, Méndez-García LA, García-Mena J, Esquivel-Velázquez M. Maternal Consumption of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners during Pregnancy Is Associated with Alterations in the Colostrum Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4928. [PMID: 38068786 PMCID: PMC10708104 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) provide a sweet taste to foods and beverages without significantly adding calories. Still, their consumption has been linked to modifications in adult's and children's gut microbiota and the disruption of blood glucose control. Human milk microbiota are paramount in establishing infants' gut microbiota, but very little is known about whether the consumption of sweeteners can alter it. To address this question, we sequenced DNA extracted colostrum samples from a group of mothers, who had different levels of NNS consumption, using the Ion Torrent Platform. Our results show that the "core" of colostrum microbiota, composed of the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Cutibacteium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, remains practically unchanged with the consumption of NNS during pregnancy, but specific genera display significant alterations, such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. A significant increase in the unclassified archaea Methanobrevibacter spp. was observed as the consumption frequency of NNS increased. The increase in the abundance of this archaea has been previously linked to obesity in Mexican children. NNS consumption during pregnancy could be related to changes in colostrum microbiota and may affect infants' gut microbiota seeding and their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tapia-González
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | - Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | | | - Leticia de la Rosa-Ruiz
- Banco de Leche Humana y Lactancia, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - José Aguayo-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Viridiana M. Mendoza-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Lenin Snowball-del-Pilar
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Guillermo Meléndez-Mier
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Monterrey, Monterrey 64460, Mexico;
| | - Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.M.V.-I.); (A.P.-E.)
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica e Inmunometabolismo, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.T.-G.); (N.B.-H.); (L.S.-d.-P.); (G.E.); (L.A.M.-G.)
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Bertrand-Protat S, Chen J, Jonquoy A, Frayon S, Thu Win Tin S, Ravuvu A, Caillaud C, Galy O. Prevalence, causes and contexts of childhood overweight and obesity in the Pacific region: a scoping review. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:52. [PMID: 38031554 PMCID: PMC10685071 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15361.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major threat to health and development and account for 75% of deaths in the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs). Childhood obesity has been identified as a main risk factor for NCDs later in life. This review compiled overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence (anthropometric data) for children aged six to 12 years old living in the Pacific region and identified possible related causes. Methods We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for articles published between January 1980 and August 2022. We also searched for technical reports from Ministries of Health. Guided by the eligibility criteria, two authors independently read the selected articles and reports to extract and summarise relevant information related to overweight and obesity. Results We selected 25 articles, two worldwide analyses of population-based studies and four national reports. Information revealed that childhood OWOB prevalence reached 55% in some PICTs. This review also indicated that age, gender and ethnicity were linked to children's weight status, while dietary practices, sleep time and level of physical activity played a role in OWOB development, as well as the living environment (socio-economic status and food availability), parenting practices and education level. Conclusion This review highlighted that anthropometric data are limited and that comparisons are difficult due to the paucity of surveys and non-standardized methodology. Main causes of overweight and obesity are attributed to individual characteristics of children and behavioural patterns, children's socio-economic environment, parenting practices and educational level. Reinforcement of surveillance with standardised tools and metrics adapted to the Pacific region is crucial and further research is warranted to better understand root causes of childhood OWOB in the Pacific islands. More robust and standardized anthropometric data would enable improvements in national strategies, multisectoral responses and innovative interventions to prevent and control NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Bertrand-Protat
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Juliana Chen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurélie Jonquoy
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Stéphane Frayon
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Si Thu Win Tin
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Amerita Ravuvu
- Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang B, Jin Y, Li J, Yang F, Lu H, Zhou J, Liu S, Shen Z, Yu X, Yuan T. Exploring environmental obesogenous effects of organic ultraviolet filters on children from a case-control study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139883. [PMID: 37672813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been globally recognized that obesity has become a major public health concern, especially childhood obesity. There is limited information, however, regarding the exposure risk of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters, a kind of emerging contaminant, on childhood obesity. This study would be made on 284 obese and 220 non-obese Chinese children with eight organic UV filters at urinary levels. The eight organic UV filters, including 2-Ethylhexyl 4-aminobenzoate (PABA-E), octisalate (EHS), homosalate (HMS), 2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), amiloxate (IAMC), octocrylene (OC) and 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) were identified in urine samples with detection rates ranged from 35.32% to 100%, among which PABA-E, HMS, IAMC and OC were firstly detected in children' s urine. And the urinary UV filters concentration was associated with genders, living sites, guardian education levels, household income, and dietary factors. Urinary EHMC concentrations and childhood obesity were positively associated for girls [Adjusted OR = 2.642 (95% CI: 1.019, 6.853)], while OC concentrations and childhood obesity were negatively associated for girls [Adjusted OR = 0.022 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.817)]. The results suggest that EHMC exposure may be an environmental obesogen for girls. Moreover, two statistical models were used separately to evaluate the impact of UV filter mixtures on childhood obesity, including the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and the quantile g-computation (qgcomp) model. The negative association between UV filter mixtures and childhood obesity was proposed from both BKMR and qgcomp models. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are called upon to discern the individual and mixture impacts of organic UV filters on childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yihui Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinyang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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32
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Jabeen A, Afzal MS, Pathan SA. A Review of the Role of Built Environment and Temperature in the Development of Childhood Obesity. Cureus 2023; 15:e49657. [PMID: 38161805 PMCID: PMC10756253 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of obesity is rising globally and is studied widely, yet the evidence for the association of environmental factors (both built and natural) with childhood obesity remains inconsistent. A relation with temperature as a proxy for natural environmental factors for obesity has not been reviewed previously. The purpose of this review was to assimilate updated evidence on environmental factors of childhood obesity. Three databases, MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched for articles related to the effect of built environment and temperature on childhood obesity in 6-12-year-olds published in the last five years. Twelve studies were identified: four longitudinal and eight cross-sectional. The studies were appraised using the National Institute of Health Quality (NIH) Assessment Tool. A review of included studies showed that built environmental features like higher residential and population density, higher intersection density, more playgrounds, and all park features like the presence or availability of parks, high number of parks, proximity to parks, and an increased park land area, showed a protective association against childhood obesity while land use mix showed a promoting association for the development of childhood obesity. Inconclusive evidence was observed for other built environmental features. The search strategy did not retrieve any literature published in the past five years studying the association between temperature and the development of childhood obesity. Standardization of definitions of exposure and outcome measures is recommended. Further research studying the relationship between environmental temperature and the development of childhood obesity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Jabeen
- Public Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, GBR
- Emergency Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | | | - Sameer A Pathan
- Emergency Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
- Emergency Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, GBR
- Emergency Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, AUS
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Drouka A, Brikou D, Causeret C, Al Ali Al Malla N, Sibalo S, Ávila C, Alcat G, Kapetanakou AE, Gurviez P, Fellah-Dehiri N, Masson M, Kontogianni MD, Yannakoulia M. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1676. [PMID: 37892339 PMCID: PMC10605522 DOI: 10.3390/children10101676 10.3390/儿童10101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to summarize existing literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions, implemented in Europe, under the aim of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in children (6-10 years old). A search of PubMed, Scopus, EFSA and Google Scholar databases was performed for studies published from January 2016 to June 2022. Specific search terms and exclusion criteria were used. Based on the results, diet and physical activity interventions had favorable effects on a series of health outcomes, including anthropometric parameters, biomarkers, eating behavior and self-efficacy. Diet-only interventions had a positive impact specifically on eating habits, mostly on water consumption. Most successful interventions lasted for 1 school year, and they were characterized by parental involvement and teachers' training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Concha Ávila
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Alcat
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Patricia Gurviez
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nawel Fellah-Dehiri
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marine Masson
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
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34
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Drouka A, Brikou D, Causeret C, Al Ali Al Malla N, Sibalo S, Ávila C, Alcat G, Kapetanakou AE, Gurviez P, Fellah-Dehiri N, Masson M, Kontogianni MD, Yannakoulia M. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1676. [PMID: 37892339 PMCID: PMC10605522 DOI: 10.3390/children10101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to summarize existing literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions, implemented in Europe, under the aim of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in children (6-10 years old). A search of PubMed, Scopus, EFSA and Google Scholar databases was performed for studies published from January 2016 to June 2022. Specific search terms and exclusion criteria were used. Based on the results, diet and physical activity interventions had favorable effects on a series of health outcomes, including anthropometric parameters, biomarkers, eating behavior and self-efficacy. Diet-only interventions had a positive impact specifically on eating habits, mostly on water consumption. Most successful interventions lasted for 1 school year, and they were characterized by parental involvement and teachers' training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Concha Ávila
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Alcat
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Patricia Gurviez
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nawel Fellah-Dehiri
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marine Masson
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
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Habib-Mourad C, Maliha C, Kassis A, Nguyen AT, Ammar D, Haji E, AlTarazi L, Totah S, Hwalla N. A randomised controlled school-based nutritional intervention in five Middle Eastern countries: Ajyal Salima improved students' dietary and physical activity habits. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2036-2047. [PMID: 37622209 PMCID: PMC10564613 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the Ajyal Salima school intervention on nutrition and physical activity outcomes in children aged 9–11 years. DESIGN The study was a 1-year cluster-randomised controlled trial. Ajyal Salima used a multi-component approach including classroom activities, family programme and food service adaptation. Outcomes included daily intake of breakfast, frequency of healthy and unhealthy food consumption, frequency of physical activity, knowledge score and self-efficacy score. Intervention and control groups were compared for all main outcomes and a post-intervention qualitative evaluation assessed strengths and limitations of the intervention components. SETTING Schools in five countries – Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. PARTICIPANTS Schools were selected by Ministries of Health and Education within their jurisdictions. Forty-five intervention schools (6052 students) and forty-six control schools (6200 students) were included in the analysis. RESULTS The intervention group had a significantly higher odds of consuming breakfast daily (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·35, 1·90), consuming healthy foods (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·39, 1·84) and a decreased odds of consuming unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages (OR, 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·60, 0·81). Additionally, school children in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, were 47 % more likely to exercise outside school hours (OR 95 % CI = 1·47, 1·23, 1·76). Lastly, children in the intervention group had a significantly improved nutritional knowledge score and improved self-efficacy by 1·3 score unit and 1·1 score unit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Ajyal Salima intervention led to significant improvements in dietary and physical activity habits among school children and increased nutritional knowledge scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Habib-Mourad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Carla Maliha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, 142 York Road, Beaconsfield, Canada
| | - Anh Thi Nguyen
- The Association for Canadian Studies and Metropolis Institute, 50-1980 Sherbrooke, Street West Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diala Ammar
- Department of health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eman Haji
- Ministry of Health, Building 929, Road 1015, Sanabis410, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Lina AlTarazi
- Royal Health Awareness Society, Muhammad As-Saeed Al-Batayni St., Amman11821, Jordan
| | | | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut1107 2020, Lebanon
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Caldú X, Prats-Soteras X, García-García I, Prunell-Castañé A, Sánchez-Garre C, Cano N, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Ottino-González J, Garolera M, Jurado MÁ. Body mass index, systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106298. [PMID: 37295218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive body weight has been related to lower cognitive performance. One of the mechanisms through which excess body weight may affect cognition is inflammation. HYPOTHESIS Our hypothesis is that both body mass index (BMI) and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers will be negatively related to cognitive performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Users of the public health centres of the Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (Terrassa, Spain) between 2010 and 2017 aged 12-21 years. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and five adolescents (46 normoweight, 18 overweight, 41 obese). MEASUREMENTS Levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and fibrinogen were determined from blood samples. Cognitive performance was evaluated and six cognitive composites were obtained: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, decision-making, verbal memory, and fine motor speed. A single multivariate general lineal model was used to assess the influence of the four inflammatory biomarkers, as well as participants' BMI, sex, and age on the 6 cognitive indexes. RESULTS An inverse relationship between BMI and inhibitory control (F = 5.688, p = .019; β = -0.212, p = .031), verbal memory (F = 5.404, p = .022; β = -0.255, p = .009) and fine motor speed (F = 9.038, p = .003; β = -0.319, p = .001) was observed. Levels of TNFα and fibrinogen were inversely related to inhibitory control (F = 5.055, p = .027; β = -0.226, p = .021) and verbal memory (F = 4.732, p = .032; β = -0.274, p = .005), respectively. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study, the use of cognitive tests designed for clinical purposes, and the use of BMI as a proxy for adiposity are limitations of our study that must be taken into account when interpreting results. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that some components of executive functions, together with verbal memory, are sensitive to specific obesity-related inflammatory agents at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Prats-Soteras
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel García-García
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Clinique la Prairie, Montreux, Rue du Lac 142, 1815 Clarens, Switzerland
| | - Anna Prunell-Castañé
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Garre
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Pediàtrica, Departament de Pediatria, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Neus Cano
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Encarnació Tor
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Av del Vallès 451, 08226 Terrassa, Spain
| | - María-José Sender-Palacios
- Centre d'Atenció Primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Av del Vallès 451, 08226 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Division of Endocrinology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States
| | - Maite Garolera
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain; Brain, Cognition and Behavior Clinical Research Group, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Ctra Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Hong J, Gong Q, Gao H, Wang J, Guo Y, Jiang D, Zhang Y. Association between Dietary Behavior and Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1617. [PMID: 37892280 PMCID: PMC10605267 DOI: 10.3390/children10101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ningbo students and explore the association between students' dietary behavior and overweight and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 7299 students were recruited, including 3755 males and 3544 females. A questionnaire on student health status and influencing factors was used to investigate dietary behavior. Logistic regression analysis investigated the relationship between dietary behavior and overweight and obesity. Age, gender, area, grade, sleep duration, and physical activity were adjusted in the multivariate regression models. RESULTS This study revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ningbo students was 16.14% and 9.88%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis results showed that regular consumption of sugary beverages was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.023-1.542, p = 0.029). The research indicated that skipping breakfast was considered a risk factor for obesity (OR = 2.102, 95% CI: 1.087-4.065, p = 0.027). After adjusting for age, gender, area, and grade and continuing to adjust for sleep duration and physical activity, the results showed that consuming fried food at least once a day increased the risk of obesity (OR = 1.494, 95% CI: 1.050-2.125, p = 0.026; OR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.065-2.158, p = 0.021, respectively). This study found that the frequency of breakfast and the consumption of fried food, fresh vegetables, and fruits were not significantly associated with being overweight (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that dietary behavior was related to overweight and obesity among Ningbo students. Further studies and more government support are required to confirm this study's findings and address the current overweight/obesity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongfeng Road 237, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, China; (J.H.); (Q.G.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (Y.G.); (D.J.)
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Lyu J, Wan Z, Liu Z, Zhou S, Feng X, Gao A, Lin Y, Zhang F, Wang H. Effect of a Multifaceted Intervention on Children's Body Image and the Mediating Role of Body Image in Changes in Adiposity Indicators. Nutrients 2023; 15:3951. [PMID: 37764735 PMCID: PMC10534561 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides genetic factors and energy-related behaviors, psycho-cultural factors are also important in obesity etiology. Previous studies have suggested that improving body image might be an effective method for managing body weight. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multifaceted intervention on the body image of children and explore whether body image played a mediating role in changes in adiposity indicators. This study was embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial, involving 1287 children from 24 primary schools in three cities in China (Beijing, Changzhi and Urumqi). The 9-month multifaceted intervention on childhood obesity included five components (three targeted children and two targeted environments), and randomization was performed by an independent person who was blinded to the schools. Two indicators (body size perception and body size expectation) were chosen to characterize body image and were measured by Ma figural stimuli at baseline and the end of the trial. Changes in body image indicators were classified as conducive to weight loss or not. Other anthropometric measures and self-reported behaviors were also collected at both time points. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. Compared to the controls (n = 648), the proportion of body size perception conducive to weight loss increased in the intervention group (n = 639), with an odds ratio of 2.42 (95%CI: 1.70~3.45, p < 0.001). The proportion of body size expectation conducive to weight loss also increased more in the intervention group than in the controls (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.14~2.66, p = 0.010). In children whose baseline nutritional status was "normal weight with higher BMI" or "overweight/obese", the improvements in body size perception and body size expectation partly mediated the association between the intervention and changes in BMI, BMI Z score, waist circumference and body fat percentage (p < 0.05). This multifaceted study effectively improved the body image of children, which, in turn, led to beneficial changes in adiposity indicators. For the first time, body size perception and body size expectation have been confirmed to be important factors associated with the beneficial effect of a childhood obesity intervention, suggesting that body image components should be generalized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlang Lyu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zhongshang Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
| | | | - Aiyu Gao
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 236499, China;
| | - Yi Lin
- Urumqi Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Urumqi 830003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Mentougou Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing 102300, China;
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 046000, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.)
- Peking University Health Science Center-Weifang Joint Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Weifang 261000, China
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Kolseth ÅJ, Kulseth S, Stafne SN, Mørkved S, Salvesen KÅ, Evensen KAI. Physical health and neurodevelopmental outcome in 7-year-old children whose mothers were at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:1193-1202. [PMID: 37469191 PMCID: PMC10407026 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk of metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus and overweight. However, few have examined the outcome of children whose mothers were at risk of GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate how mothers' risk of developing GDM affects physical health and neurodevelopment of the children at 7 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a follow-up study of a multicenter randomized controlled trial including 855 pregnant women, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital in Norway from 2007 to 2009. Risk factors for developing GDM included age >40 years, diabetes in near family, previous child with birthweight ≥4500 g and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 . Data on GDM risk factors were available for 750 women, who were divided into a risk group if they had one or more risk factors for developing GDM (n = 238) and a no risk (n = 512) group. At 7 years of age, 72 children born to mothers in the risk group and 194 children born to mothers in the no risk group participated. The children's height, weight and physical activity were reported by their parents. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed by using the Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire, which includes motor skills, executive functions, perception, memory, language, social skills, and emotional/behavioral problems. RESULTS Most women had only one risk factor for GDM, and pre-pregnancy overweight was the most prevalent risk factor. Children of mothers in the risk group had higher birthweight and length. At the 7-year follow-up, they had a higher weight and BMI, and the odds ratio of being overweight was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.1-8.3). There was no group difference in the children's physical activity and their neurodevelopmental outcomes were similar. CONCLUSIONS We found higher BMI and increased risk of overweight in children born to mothers with one or more risk factors for developing GDM. A focus on preventing pre-pregnancy overweight should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Jensen Kolseth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Signe Kulseth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Siv Mørkved
- Clinic of Clinical Services, St. Olavs HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Kjell Åsmund Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Kari Anne I. Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs HospitalTrondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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Racil G, Russo L, Migliaccio GM, Signorelli P, Larion A, Padulo J, Jlid MC. High-Intensity Interval Training in Female Adolescents with Moderate or Severe Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1495. [PMID: 37761456 PMCID: PMC10528164 DOI: 10.3390/children10091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate- or high-intensity interval training (MIIT or HIIT) on anthropometric and biological measurements in four groups of females with obesity. Fifty-seven participants were divided into a moderate obesity group (MOG, n = 29) and a severe obesity group (SOG, n = 28). Two sub-groups were established to practice HIIT and MIIT programs (SOGHI, n = 14; SOGMI, n = 14; MOGHI, n = 14; MOGMI, n = 15). During the training sessions, each group performed two sets of 4 × 1 min intervals on a cycle ergometer. The intervals were conducted at 65% and 85% of the heart rate reserve (HRR) for MIIT and HIIT, respectively. Between each repetition, there was an active recovery phase at 50% HRR, and, between sets, there was a 4 min period of free pedaling. All groups significantly improved their anthropometric data, while only MOGHI and SOGHI significantly improved their lean body mass (LBM) and blood lactate (BL), with p ˂ 0.05; the higher percentage of change in blood insulin levels (-25.49 and -25.34) and the homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance index (-31.42 and -28.88) were noted. Only MOGHI showed improvements in growth hormone (GH) and blood glucose (p < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with body fat percentage (r = -0.76 and r = -0.72) and waist circumference (r = -0.77 and r = -0.82), respectively. We may conclude that HIIT was an effective method of managing anthropometric and biological parameters, as confirmed by the pronounced body fat reduction in the moderate obesity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01) “Sport Performance, Health & Society” Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 1000, Tunisia; (G.R.); (M.C.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy;
| | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Chedly Jlid
- Research Unit (UR 17JS01) “Sport Performance, Health & Society” Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 1000, Tunisia; (G.R.); (M.C.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
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Raju SA, Sanders SR, Bolton-Raju KS, Bowker-Howell FJ, Hall LR, Newton M, Neill GS, Holland WJ, Howford KL, Bolton EV, Arora P, Raju AS, Shah PJ, Azmy IAF, Sanders DS. A Cohort Study of the Diversity in Animated Films From 1937 to 2021: In a World Less Enchanted Can We Be More Encanto? Cureus 2023; 15:e43548. [PMID: 37719586 PMCID: PMC10502396 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to gender stereotypes in the media can develop and reinforce these attitudes in children. Individuals who are overweight, have health conditions, or are from a minority ethnic group (IMEG) are both underrepresented and poorly portrayed in the media. Role models can raise the aspirations of young children both professionally and in taking ownership of their health. We aimed to assess how the portrayal and diversity of characters in Disney, Pixar, and Dreamworks animated films have changed over time. Method A cohort study of all main characters in Disney, Pixar, and Dreamworks feature-length, theatrical, animated films from 1937 to 2021 was conducted. The portrayal of characters (R-score divided into negative, neutral, and positive -1, 0, and 1, respectively) was scored. The proportion of individuals with certain protected characteristics (sex, increased body mass index, physical or mental health conditions, being from an IMEG or part of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual, and queer community) was also recorded. Results In total, 116 films and 1,275 characters were included. From the 1930s to 2020s, the proportion of women in films increased (16.7% to 47.3%, p=0.008) and their representation was more positive (mean R-score = -0.10 (SD:0.692) versus 0.49 (SD:0.837), p<0.001, respectively). The portrayal of overweight individuals has improved to a neutral position (mean R-score: -0.67 to 0.0). Both physical and mental illnesses are better portrayed (mean R-score: -0.18 to 0.34, p=0.004 and 0.5 to 1.0, p= 0.019, respectively). IMEGs introduced in 1953 now play more than just negative roles (mean R-score = -1 to 0.76, p=0.008). There is only one explicitly stated homosexual character. The most diverse film is Encanto. Conclusion This is the first study to comprehensively assess the diversity of animated film characters. We have identified an improvement in diversity and the way diverse individuals are portrayed which we hope continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneil A Raju
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Samira R Sanders
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Kathryn S Bolton-Raju
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Freya J Bowker-Howell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Lara R Hall
- Department of History, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Millie Newton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Gary S Neill
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - William J Holland
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Katie L Howford
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Emma V Bolton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Pranav Arora
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Aneil S Raju
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Premal J Shah
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, GBR
| | - Iman Ahmed F Azmy
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chesterfield, GBR
| | - David S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, GBR
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, GBR
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Samodra YL, Hsu HC, Chuang KY, Chuang YC. Family economic trajectories and body mass index in Indonesia: Evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys 2 to 5. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102262. [PMID: 37273523 PMCID: PMC10236453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indonesia faces the double burdens of childhood obesity and malnutrition. A family's socioeconomic status has been suggested to be one of the most influential factors contributing to childhood nutritional problems. This study aimed to: 1) identify the distinct trajectories of family economics; and 2) assess whether a family's economic trajectory influences children's body mass index (BMI). We analyzed trajectory patterns of family economic levels from 1997 to 2015 among 846 children aged under 3 years in 1997 using data from Indonesian Family Life Surveys. Trajectory patterns were identified with Group-Based Trajectory Modeling using the traj plug-in in STATA software. The BMI was classified according to 2007 World Health Organization growth standards. Adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs) of family economic level trajectories and children's BMI were calculated using multinomial logistic regressions. We identified three distinct trajectories of family economic level: stable poorest, stable middle, and increasing richest. In the total sample, there were no significant relationships between a family's income trajectory and children's BMI in the adjusted models. A significant relationship existed for male children, but not for female children, of compared to the poorest family trajectory group, male children in the increasing richest trajectory group were more likely to be overweight/obese (aRRR 6.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-30.62) after adjusting for age and BMI. The present results highlight the importance of early interventions to minimize the potential adverse impacts of excessive BMI later in adulthood.
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Silva TPRD, Matozinhos FP, Guedes GR, Gratão LHA, Silva ADC, Vilela LA, Oliveira TRPRD, Grillo CDFC, Mendes LL. The association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and overweight in Brazilian adolescents: an analysis based on the grade of membership. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1937-1948. [PMID: 37436308 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023287.17402022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to analyze the coexistence of modifiable risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 12-to-17-year-old adolescents living in Brazil and their influence on overweight. National, cross-sectional, school-based epidemiological study focused on estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in 12 to 17 year old adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in Brazilian counties accounting for more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk factors among adolescents. The analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. According to the two herein generated profiles, adolescents classified under Profile 2 have shown behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet rich in Ultra-processed food intake ≥ 80% of the percentage of total caloric value. In addition, adolescents presenting CVD risk profile have shown increased likelihood of being overweight. The study has found coexistence of risk factors for CVD in Brazilian adolescents, with emphasis on tobacco smoking and alcoholic beverage intake. In addition, it heads towards the analysis of the association between CVD risk factors and health outcomes, such as overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Penido Matozinhos
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Gilvan Ramalho Guedes
- Departamento de Demografia, Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | | | - Ariene do Carmo Silva
- Grupo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Práticas em Ambiente Alimentar e Saúde, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Luisa Arantes Vilela
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, 324, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | | | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 190, 324, Santa Efigênia. 30130-100 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
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Lim H, Lee H, Kim J. A prediction model for childhood obesity risk using the machine learning method: a panel study on Korean children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10122. [PMID: 37344518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Young children are increasingly exposed to an obesogenic environment through increased intake of processed food and decreased physical activity. Mothers' perceptions of obesity and parenting styles influence children's abilities to maintain a healthy weight. This study developed a prediction model for childhood obesity in 10-year-olds, and identify relevant risk factors using a machine learning method. Data on 1185 children and their mothers were obtained from the Korean National Panel Study. A prediction model for obesity was developed based on ten factors related to children (gender, eating habits, activity, and previous body mass index) and their mothers (education level, self-esteem, and body mass index). These factors were selected based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prediction model was validated with an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve of 0.82 and an accuracy of 76%. Other than body mass index for both children and mothers, significant risk factors for childhood obesity were less physical activity among children and higher self-esteem among mothers. This study adds new evidence demonstrating that maternal self-esteem is related to children's body mass index. Future studies are needed to develop effective strategies for screening young children at risk for obesity, along with their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemoon Lim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Joungyoun Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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Mohd Saat NZ, Abd Talib R, Alarsan SF, Saadeh N, Shahrour G. Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Scoping Review. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2023; Volume 15:63-76. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s420370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
The prevalence of preobesity and obesity is rising globally, multiple epidemiologic studies have identified preobesity and obesity as predisposing factors to a number of noncommunicable diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of obesity in both children and adults in different regions of the world. We also explore the impact of obesity as a disease not only on physical and mental health but also its economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Alfaris
- King Fahad Medical City, 3895 Susah, Alwurud, Riyadh 12252-7111, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Naji Alamuddin
- RCSI Bahrain, King Hamad University Hospital, Alsayh, Sheikh Eisa Bin Salman Bridge, 7J62+X92, Bahrain
| | - Georgia Rigas
- St George Private Hospital, 1 South Street, Kogarah, New South Wales 2217, Australia
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Salm L, Nisbett N, Cuming K, Hrynick T, Lulache A, MacGregor H. A whole system approach to childhood obesity: how a supportive environment was created in the city of Brighton and Hove, United Kingdom. Food Secur 2023; 15:1-17. [PMID: 37362055 PMCID: PMC10113721 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a growing global challenge, and no country has yet reversed the upward trend in prevalence. The causes are multifaceted, spanning individual, societal, environmental, and political spheres. This makes finding solutions complex as traditional linear models of treatment and effect have proven only minimally successful or unfeasible at the population level. There is also a paucity of evidence of what works, and few examples of intervention that operate on a 'whole systems' level. The city of Brighton in the United Kingdom has experienced a downward trend in child obesity rates compared to national figures. The aim of this study was to explore what has led to successful change in the city. This was done through a review of local data, policy and programs, and thirteen key informant interviews with key stakeholders involved in the local food and healthy weight agenda. Our findings highlight key mechanisms that have plausibly contributed to a supportive environment for obesity reduction in Brighton according to key local policy and civil society actors. These mechanisms include; a commitment to early years intervention such as breastfeeding promotion; a supportive local political context; the ability to tailor interventions to community needs; governance structures and capacity that enable cross-sectoral collaboration; and a citywide framing of obesity solutions in the context of a 'whole system' approach. However, substantial inequalities persist in the city. Engaging families in areas of high deprivation and operating in an increasingly difficult context of national austerity are persistent challenges. This case study sheds light on some mechanisms of what a whole systems approach to obesity looks like in practice in a local context. This is of relevance to both policymakers and healthy weight practitioners across a spectrum of sectors who need to be engaged to tackle child obesity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12571-023-01361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Salm
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Nicholas Nisbett
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Tabitha Hrynick
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Alexandra Lulache
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Hayley MacGregor
- Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Uzun ME, Kara Ö, Şirin H, Kaymaz N. Examination of relationship factors between psychological resilience and social support in adolescent obesity. Arch Pediatr 2023:S0929-693X(23)00034-9. [PMID: 37061358 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems, and psychiatric conditions have been associated with obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate psychological resilience and possible related factors in adolescents with obesity. METHOD The study included 90 adolescents with obesity and 100 healthy adolescents of similar age. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Scale scores were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient test with SPSS-23. Multiple linear regression was performed to describe the relationships between variables. RESULTS The adolescents participating in the study were similar in terms of age and gender. Psychological resilience and social support in the obesity group were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). A negative relationship was found between body mass index (BMI) and resilience levels of adolescents with obesity, and a positive relationship was found between social support and resilience levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). The perceived family and significant other social support subscale scores of adolescents in the obesity group were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.023, respectively). The most related variable with the CYRM-28 was the level of perceived social support: standardized β = 0.409; t(151) = 5.626; p < 0.001. CONCLUSION A higher BMI has a negative effect on psychological resilience, and family support tends to be lower in these cases. New studies are needed to clarify whether this result is one of the causes of obesity or one of its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erdem Uzun
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Kara
- Department of Child Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hande Şirin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kaymaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Chiner E, Sancho-Chust JN, Pastor E, Esteban V, Boira I, Castelló C, Celis C, Vañes S, Torba A. Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062418. [PMID: 36983418 PMCID: PMC10054579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the clinical and polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (Group A) and comorbidities (Group B). METHODS A five-year prospective study using nocturnal polysomnography before and after treatment. RESULTS We included 168 patients: 121 in Group A and 47 in Group B, with differences in age (6.5 ± 3 vs. 8.6 ± 4 years; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (18 ± 4 vs. 20 ± 7 kg/m2; p < 0.05), neck circumference (28 ± 4 vs. 30 ± 5 cm; p < 0.05), and obesity (17% vs. 30%; p < 0.05). Group B patients were more likely to have facial anomalies (p < 0.001), macroglossia (p < 0.01), dolichocephaly (p < 0.01), micrognathia (p < 0.001), and prognathism (p < 0.05). Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 103 Group A patients (85%) and 28 Group B patients (60%) (p < 0.001). In B, 13 children (28%) received treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 2 (4%) with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), compared with 7 in Group A (6%) (p < 0.001). Maxillofacial surgery was more common in Group B (p < 0.01). Clinical and polysomnography parameters improved significantly in both groups after therapeutic intervention, though Group A showed better results. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and facial anomalies are more frequent in childhood OSA patients with comorbidities, who often require combination therapy, such as ventilation and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebi Chiner
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose N Sancho-Chust
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Pastor
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Violeta Esteban
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ignacio Boira
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Castelló
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carly Celis
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Sandra Vañes
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Anastasiya Torba
- Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang B, Wang X, Wang T. Neonatal cytokines associated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:102-107. [PMID: 36935337 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of childhood overweight and obesity has been increasing in recent years. Immune dysregulation has been demonstrated as a condition related to childhood obesity. Whether the neonatal immune status is related to infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age is unclear. METHODS To explore the relationship between neonatal cytokines and infant overweight and obesity, we conducted a prospective study in Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2015 to 2016. 514 neonates were recruited and their dried blood spots were collected after birth. Infants were grouped into normal size groups and overweight and obesity groups based on BMI at 1 year of age. 27 neonatal cytokines levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS 370 infants were included in final analysis. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), interleukin-17A (IL17A) and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels were independently associated with childhood overweight and obesity (OR =1.27, 95%CI 1.03, 1.57; OR =1.29, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.60; OR =0.69, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.96). Additionally, neonatal GCSF and IL17A levels were positively associated with increased BMI (β = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.19; β = 0.07, 95%CI 0.01, 013) and BMI z-scores (β = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.18; β = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01, 0.13). Neonatal PDGF-BB levels were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01) and BMI z-scores (β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.23, -0.01). The inverse probability weighting (IPW) was performed to account for potential selection bias of this study, and the results were consistent with the above mentioned findings. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal GCSF, IL17A and PDGF-BB levels were correlated with infant overweight and obesity at 1 year of age, suggesting that early life immune status play a significant role of late obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315899, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Minjuan Liu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Benjing Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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