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Stasiak A, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Gajda Z, Wagner W, Popiołek-Barczyk K, Kuder KJ, Latacz G, Juszczak M, Woźniak K, Karcz T, Szczepańska K, Jóźwiak-Bębenista M, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Łażewska D. AR71, Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligand-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Metabolic Stability, Toxicity, and Analgesic Action). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8035. [PMID: 39125607 PMCID: PMC11311998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The future of therapy for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) relies on new strategies targeting multiple pharmacological pathways. Our research led to obtaining the compound AR71 [(E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one], which has high affinity for human H3R (Ki = 24 nM) and selectivity towards histamine H1 and H4 receptors (Ki > 2500 nM), and showed anti-inflammatory activity in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells. The presented tests confirmed its antagonist/inverse agonist activity profile and good metabolic stability while docking studies showed the binding mode to histamine H1, H3, and H4 receptors. In in vitro tests, cytotoxicity was evaluated at three cell lines (neuroblastoma, astrocytes, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and a neuroprotective effect was observed in rotenone-induced toxicity. In vivo experiments in a mouse neuropathic pain model demonstrated the highest analgesic effects of AR71 at the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Additionally, AR71 showed antiproliferative activity in higher concentrations. These findings suggest the need for further evaluation of AR71's therapeutic potential in treating ND and CNS cancer using animal experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gajda
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wagner
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752 Łódź, Poland
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popiołek-Barczyk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil J. Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Juszczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 Str., 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Nazzi C, Avenanti A, Battaglia S. The Involvement of Antioxidants in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration: Mens Sana in Corpore Sano. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38929140 PMCID: PMC11200558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With neurodegenerative disorders being on the rise, a great deal of research from multiple fields is being conducted in order to further knowledge and propose novel therapeutic interventions. Among these investigations, research on the role of antioxidants in contrasting cognitive decline is putting forward interesting and promising results. In this review, we aim to collect evidence that focused on the role of a variety of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich foods in improving or stabilizing cognitive functions, memory, and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Specifically, we considered evidence collected on humans, either through longitudinal studies or randomized, placebo-controlled ones, which evaluated cognitive performance, memory abilities, or the progression level of neurodegeneration. Overall, despite a great deal of variety between study protocols, cohorts of participants involved, neuropsychological tests used, and investigated antioxidants, there is a solid trend that suggests that the properties of antioxidants may be helpful in hampering cognitive decline in older people. Thus, the help of future research that will further elucidate the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection will lead to the development of novel interventions that will take into account such findings to provide a more global approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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3
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Suleiman Khoury Z, Sohail F, Wang J, Mendoza M, Raake M, Tahoor Silat M, Reddy Bathinapatta M, Sadeghzadegan A, Meghana P, Paul J. Neuroinflammation: A Critical Factor in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cureus 2024; 16:e62310. [PMID: 39006715 PMCID: PMC11246070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive review of the signals and the paramount role neuroinflammation plays in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The study explores the sophisticated interactions between microglial, astrocytic, and dendritic cells and how neuroinflammation affects long-term neuronal damage and dysfunction. There are specific pathways related to the mentioned inflammatory processes, including Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcriptions, nuclear factor-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. Neuroinflammation is argued to be a double-edged sword, being not only a protective agent that prevents further neuron damage but also the causative factor in more cell injury development. This concept of contrasting inflammation with neuroprotection advocates for the use of therapeutic techniques that seek to modulate neuroinflammatory responses as part of the neurodegeneration treatment. The recent research findings are integrated with the established knowledge to help present a comprehensive image of neuroinflammation's impact on neurodegenerative diseases and its implications for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Sohail
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Jada Wang
- Department of Medicine, St. George's University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Moises Mendoza
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, VEN
| | - Mohammed Raake
- Department of Medicine, Annamalai University, Chennai, IND
| | | | | | - Amirali Sadeghzadegan
- Department of General Practice, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Patel Meghana
- Department of Medicine, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Janisha Paul
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, IND
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Kim KM, Hwang NH, Hyun JS, Shin D. Recent Advances in IRAK1: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects. Molecules 2024; 29:2226. [PMID: 38792088 PMCID: PMC11123835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) proteins are pivotal in interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways. They play essential roles in innate immunity and inflammation. This review analyzes and discusses the physiological functions of IRAK1 and its associated diseases. IRAK1 is involved in a wide range of diseases such as dry eye, which highlights its potential as a therapeutic target under various conditions. Various IRAK1 inhibitors, including Pacritinib and Rosoxacin, show therapeutic potential against malignancies and inflammatory diseases. The covalent IRAK1 inhibitor JH-X-119-01 shows promise in B-cell lymphomas, emphasizing the significance of covalent bonds in its activity. Additionally, the emergence of selective IRAK1 degraders, such as JNJ-101, provides a novel strategy by targeting the scaffolding function of IRAK1. Thus, the evolving landscape of IRAK1-targeted approaches provides promising avenues for increasingly safe and effective therapeutic interventions for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ja-Shil Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon 21935, Republic of Korea
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Zhao J, Chen Z, Li L, Sun B. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis and protective effects on neurodegenerative diseases of phenolic compounds in different parts of Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114251. [PMID: 38609229 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan.), an important commercial crop belonging to the genus of Diospyros in the Ebenaceae family, is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. In this study, the phenolic compounds from fruits, leaves, and calyces of persimmon were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, respectively. Furthermore, the role of phenolic extract from different parts of persimmon on neuroprotective activity in vitro, through against oxidative stress and anti-neuroinflammation effect was firstly evaluated. The results showed that 75 phenolic compounds, and 3 other kinds of compounds were identified, among which 44 of phenolic compounds were quantified from different parts of persimmon. It is the first time that epicatechin-epigallocatechin, catechin-epigallocatechin, catechin-epigallocatechin (A-type), and glycoside derivatives of laricitrin were identified in persimmon extract. The dominated phenolic compounds in three parts of persimmon were significantly different. All phenolic extracts from each part of persimmon showed strong neuroprotective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC-12 cells and LPS-induced BV2 cells. The fruit extract presented the strongest activity, followed by calyx and leaf extract. The systematic knowledge on the phytochemical composition along with activity evaluation of different parts of persimmon could contribute to their targeted selection and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhongling Chen
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingxi Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Pólo de Inovação de Dois Portos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, Dois Portos 2565-191, Portugal.
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Afjadi MN, Dabirmanesh B, Uversky VN. Therapeutic approaches in proteinopathies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 206:341-388. [PMID: 38811085 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A family of maladies known as amyloid disorders, proteinopathy, or amyloidosis, are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates containing cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils in many organs and tissues. Often, proteins that have been improperly formed or folded make up these fibrils. Nowadays, most treatments for amyloid illness focus on managing symptoms rather than curing or preventing the underlying disease process. However, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of amyloid diseases have led to the development of innovative therapies that target the emergence and accumulation of amyloid fibrils. Examples of these treatments include the use of small compounds, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and others. In the end, even if the majority of therapies for amyloid diseases are symptomatic, greater research into the biology behind these disorders is identifying new targets for potential therapy and paving the way for the development of more effective treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang D, Li Y, Xing J, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, Fan H. Neuroinflammation of Microglial Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:1478. [PMID: 38611758 PMCID: PMC11013124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is clinically characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenesis of AD is intricate and not yet fully understood. Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, is believed to play a crucial role in increasing the risk, triggering the onset, and hastening the progression of AD. Modulating microglial activation and regulating microglial energy metabolic disorder are seen as promising strategies to intervene in AD. The application of anti-inflammatory drugs and the targeting of microglia for the prevention and treatment of AD has emerged as a new area of research interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of neuroinflammation of microglial regulation in the development of AD, exploring the connection between microglial energy metabolic disorder, neuroinflammation, and AD development. Additionally, the advancements in anti-inflammatory and microglia-regulating therapies for AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuhan Zeng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China;
| | - Jieyu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuejia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Speers AB, Wright KM, Brandes MS, Kedjejian N, Matthews DG, Caruso M, Harris CJ, Koike S, Nguyen T, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Mode of administration influences plasma levels of active Centella asiatica compounds in 5xFAD mice while markers of neuroinflammation remain unaltered. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1277626. [PMID: 38591068 PMCID: PMC10999680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1277626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A water extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban [Apiaceae] (CAW) has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging, the magnitude of which is influenced by whether CAW is delivered in the drinking water or the diet. These cognitive benefits are accompanied by improvements in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the brain, two pathways related to the neuroinflammatory response. The effect of CAW on neuroinflammation, however, has not been directly studied. Here, we investigated the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice and compared plasma levels of CAW's active compounds following two modes of CAW administration. Methods Eight-to-nine-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates were administered CAW in their diet or drinking water (0 or 1,000 mg/kg/day) for five weeks. Immunohistochemistry was performed for β-amyloid (Aβ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I (GSL I) in the cortex and hippocampus. Gene expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, TREM2, AIF1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CD36, C3AR1, RAGE, CCR6, CD3E) was measured in the deep grey matter. Results CAW decreased cortical Aβ plaque burden in female 5xFAD mice administered CAW in the drinking water but had no effect on Aβ plaques in other treatment groups. CAW did not impact elevated levels of GFAP or GSL I in 5xFAD mice, regardless of sex, brain region, or mode of CAW administration. In the deep grey matter, CAW increased C3AR1 expression in 5xFAD females administered CAW in the drinking water and decreased IL-1β expression in 5xFAD males administered CAW in the diet. CAW had no effect, however, on gene expression levels of any other inflammatory mediator in the deep grey, for either sex or mode of CAW administration. Mice administered CAW in the drinking water versus the diet had significantly higher plasma levels of CAW compounds. Discussion CAW had little impact on the neuroinflammatory markers selected for evaluation in the present study, suggesting that the cognitive benefits of CAW may not be mediated by an anti-inflammatory effect or that additional molecular markers are needed to fully characterize the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Speers
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nareg Kedjejian
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christopher J. Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Seiji Koike
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Tiberi A, Borgonovo G, Testa G, Pacifico P, Jacob A, Di Caprio M, Totaro V, Calvello M, Cattaneo A, Capsoni S. Reversal of neurological deficits by painless nerve growth factor in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Brain 2024; 147:122-134. [PMID: 37633263 PMCID: PMC10766238 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disease, affecting 1 in over 10 000 females born worldwide, caused by de novo mutations in the X-chromosome-located methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene. Despite the great effort put forth by the scientific community, a therapy for this devastating disease is still needed. Here, we tested the therapeutic effects of a painless mutein of the nerve growth factor (NGF), called human NGF painless (hNGFp), via a non-invasive intranasal delivery in female MeCP2+/- mice. Of note, previous work had demonstrated a broad biodistribution of hNGFp in the mouse brain by the nasal delivery route. We report that (i) the long-term lifelong treatment of MeCP2+/- mice with hNGFp, starting at 2 months of age, increased the chance of survival while also greatly improving behavioural parameters. Furthermore, when we assessed the phenotypic changes brought forth by (ii) a short-term 1-month-long hNGFp-treatment, starting at 3 months of age (right after the initial presentation of symptoms), we observed the rescue of a well known neuronal target population of NGF, cholinergic neurons in the medial septum. Moreover, we reveal a deficit in microglial morphology in MeCP2+/- mice, completely reversed in treated animals. This effect on microglia is in line with reports showing microglia to be a TrkA-dependent non-neuronal target cell population of NGF in the brain. To understand the immunomodulatory activity of hNGFp, we analysed the cytokine profile after hNGFp treatment in MeCP2+/- mice, to discover that the treatment recovered the altered expression of key neuroimmune-communication molecules, such as fractalkine. The overall conclusion is that hNGFp delivered intranasally can ameliorate symptoms in the MeCP2+/- model of Rett syndrome, by exerting strong neuroprotection with a dual mechanism of action: directly on target neurons and indirectly via microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tiberi
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Borgonovo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Pacifico
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ajesh Jacob
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valentino Totaro
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Capsoni
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Chimthanawala NMA, Haria A, Sathaye S. Non-invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: a New-Age Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:212-223. [PMID: 37596437 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly population. It gradually leads to memory loss, loss of thinking ability, and an overall cognitive decline. However, exhaustive literature is available to suggest that pathological changes in the brain occur decades before the first clinical symptoms appear. This review provides insight into the non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of AD that have been successfully studied in populations across the globe. These biomarkers have been detected in the blood, saliva, breath, and urine samples. Retinal imaging techniques are also reported. In this study, PubMed and Google scholar were the databases employed using keywords "Alzheimer's disease," "neurodegeneration," "non-invasive biomarkers," "early diagnosis," "blood-based biomarkers," and "preclinical AD," among others. The evaluation of these biomarkers will provide early diagnosis of AD in the preclinical stages due to their positive correlation with brain pathology in AD. Early diagnosis with reliable and timely intervention can effectively manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyamat M A Chimthanawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akash Haria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Jiang J, Pan H, Shen F, Tan Y, Chen S. Ketogenic diet alleviates cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice via the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2767-2772. [PMID: 37449643 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline and chronic inflammation within the brain. The ketogenic diet, a widely recognized therapeutic intervention for refractory epilepsy, has recently been proposed as a potential treatment for a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. However, the efficacy of ketogenic diet in treating Alzheimer's disease and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The current investigation aimed to explore the effect of ketogenic diet on cognitive function and the underlying biological mechanisms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Male amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice were randomly assigned to either a ketogenic diet or control diet group, and received their respective diets for a duration of 3 months. The findings show that ketogenic diet administration enhanced cognitive function, attenuated amyloid plaque formation and proinflammatory cytokine levels in APP/PS1 mice, and augmented the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45 derived factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway while suppressing the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that ketogenic diet may have a therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease by ameliorating the neurotoxicity associated with Aβ-induced inflammation. This study highlights the urgent need for further research into the use of ketogenic diet as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanxia Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Lab of Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Immunochemistry, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Ma X, Shin YJ, Yoo JW, Park HS, Kim DH. Extracellular vesicles derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis induce trigeminal nerve-mediated cognitive impairment. J Adv Res 2023; 54:293-303. [PMID: 36796586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG)-infected periodontitis is in close connection with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PG-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) contain inflammation-inducing virulence factors, including gingipains (GPs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). OBJECTIVES To understand how PG could cause cognitive decline, we investigated the effects of PG and pEVs on the etiology of periodontitis and cognitive impairment in mice. METHODS Cognitive behaviors were measured in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tasks. Biomarkers were measured using ELISA, qPCR, immunofluorescence assay, and pyrosequencing. RESULTS pEVs contained neurotoxic GPs and inflammation-inducible fimbria protein and LPS. Gingivally exposed, but not orally gavaged, PG or pEVs caused periodontitis and induced memory impairment-like behaviors. Gingival exposure to PG or pEVs increased TNF-α expression in the periodontal and hippocampus tissues. They also increased hippocampal GP+Iba1+, LPS+Iba1+, and NF-κB+Iba1+ cell numbers. Gingivally exposed PG or pEVs decreased BDNF, claudin-5, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression and BDNF+NeuN+ cell number. Gingivally exposed fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled pEVs (F-pEVs) were detected in the trigeminal ganglia and hippocampus. However, right trigeminal neurectomy inhibited the translocation of gingivally injected F-EVs into the right trigeminal ganglia. Gingivally exposed PG or pEVs increased blood LPS and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, they caused colitis and gut dysbiosis. CONCLUSION Gingivally infected PG, particularly pEVs, may cause cognitive decline with periodontitis. PG products pEVs and LPS may be translocated into the brain through the trigeminal nerve and periodontal blood pathways, respectively, resulting in the cognitive decline, which may cause colitis and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, pEVs may be a remarkable risk factor for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong-Wook Yoo
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dong-daemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Sun J, Ince MN, Abraham C, Barrett T, Brenner LA, Cong Y, Dashti R, Dudeja PK, Elliott D, Griffith TS, Heeger PS, Hoisington A, Irani K, Kim TK, Kapur N, Leventhal J, Mohamadzadeh M, Mutlu E, Newberry R, Peled JU, Rubinstein I, Sengsayadeth S, Tan CS, Tan XD, Tkaczyk E, Wertheim J, Zhang ZJ. Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans: report of an expert meeting. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2267180. [PMID: 37842912 PMCID: PMC10580853 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2267180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report summarizes the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) field-based meeting titled "Modulating microbiome-immune axis in the deployment-related chronic diseases of Veterans." Our Veteran patient population experiences a high incidence of service-related chronic physical and mental health problems, such as infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), various forms of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, neurologic conditions, end-stage organ failure, requiring transplantation, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We report the views of a group of scientists who focus on the current state of scientific knowledge elucidating the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned disorders, novel therapeutic targets, and development of new approaches for clinical intervention. In conclusion, we dovetailed on four research areas of interest: 1) microbiome interaction with immune cells after hematopoietic cell and/or solid organ transplantation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection, 2) intestinal inflammation and its modification in IBD and cancer, 3) microbiome-neuron-immunity interplay in mental and physical health, and 4) microbiome-micronutrient-immune interactions during homeostasis and infectious diseases. At this VA field-based meeting, we proposed to explore a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional, collaborative strategy to initiate a roadmap, specifically focusing on host microbiome-immune interactions among those with service-related chronic diseases to potentially identify novel and translatable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M. Nedim Ince
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Terrence Barrett
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Reza Dashti
- Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Elliott
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Medicine/Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hoisington
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System-Nashville VA, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA, TX, San Antonio
| | - Ece Mutlu
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rodney Newberry
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan U. Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Salyka Sengsayadeth
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Medicine/Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System-Nashville VA, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA, TX, San Antonio
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Tucson VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chen Sabrina Tan
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lowa city, IA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Tkaczyk
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason Wertheim
- Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Tucson VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Chen L, Sun Y, Li J, Liu S, Ding H, Wang G, Li X. Assessing Cannabidiol as a Therapeutic Agent for Preventing and Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:2672. [PMID: 38067101 PMCID: PMC10705747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative condition causing cognitive and memory decline. With small-molecule drugs targeting Aβ proving ineffective, alternative targets are urgently needed. Neuroinflammation, which is central to AD's pathology, results in synaptic and neuronal damage, highlighting the importance of addressing inflammation and conserving neuronal integrity. Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from cannabis, is noted for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, having shown efficacy in neuropathic pain management for epilepsy. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of CBD in AD and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we aimed to contribute valuable insights for incorporating AD prevention recommendations into future CBD nutritional guidelines. Aβ1-42 was employed for in vivo or in vitro model establishment, CBD treatment was utilized to assess the therapeutic efficacy of CBD, and RNA-seq analysis was conducted to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanism. CBD mitigates Aβ-induced cognitive deficits by modulating microglial activity, promoting neurotrophic factor release, and regulating inflammatory genes. The administration of CBD demonstrated a protective effect against Aβ toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, along with an amelioration of cognitive impairment in mice. These findings support the potential inclusion of CBD in future nutritional guidelines for Alzheimer's disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jinran Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hancheng Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
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15
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Alkhalifa AE, Al-Ghraiybah NF, Odum J, Shunnarah JG, Austin N, Kaddoumi A. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16288. [PMID: 38003477 PMCID: PMC10671257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous system's vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) before the onset of dementia or neurodegeneration. The intricate relationship between the BBB and the pathogenesis of AD, especially in the context of neurovascular coupling and the overlap of pathophysiology in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, underscores the urgency to understand the BBB's role more deeply. Preserving or restoring the BBB function emerges as a potentially promising strategy for mitigating the progression and severity of AD. Molecular and genetic changes, such as the isoform ε4 of apolipoprotein E (ApoEε4), a significant genetic risk factor and a promoter of the BBB dysfunction, have been shown to mediate the BBB disruption. Additionally, receptors and transporters like the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) have been implicated in AD's pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor to shed light on the intricate pathogenic and therapeutic connections between AD and the BBB. We also delve into the latest developments and pioneering strategies targeting the BBB for therapeutic interventions, addressing its potential as a barrier and a carrier. By providing an integrative perspective, we anticipate paving the way for future research and treatments focused on exploiting the BBB's role in AD pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.E.A.); (N.F.A.-G.); (J.O.); (J.G.S.); (N.A.)
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16
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X. Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:111. [PMID: 37800614 PMCID: PMC10558228 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis poses a persistent obstacle to drug development. In recent times, neuroinflammation has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of AD, and the targeting of inflammation has become a viable approach for the prevention and management of AD. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the literature between October 2012 and October 2022, identifying a total of 96 references, encompassing 91 distinct pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their potential impact on AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Research has shown that pharmaceuticals have the potential to ameliorate AD by reducing neuroinflammation mainly through regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF‑κB, MAPK, NLRP3, PPARs, STAT3, CREB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and their respective signaling pathways. Among them, tanshinone IIA has been extensively studied for its anti‑inflammatory effects, which have shown significant pharmacological properties and can be applied clinically. Thus, it may hold promise as an effective drug for the treatment of AD. The present review elucidated the inflammatory signaling pathways of pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in AD and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. This underscores the auspicious potential of pharmaceuticals in ameliorating AD by impeding neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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17
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Liu J, Geraghty JR, Schram S, Cropper HC, Lei J, Loeb JA, Song F. Prevention of Alzheimer Pathology by Blocking Neuregulin Signaling on Microglia. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0422-23.2023. [PMID: 37903620 PMCID: PMC10644371 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0422-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque formation, microglial activation, and synaptic loss are pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease; however, removing plaques has had little clinical benefit. Here, we show that neuregulin-1, a glial growth factor, induces inflammatory cytokines and promotes phagocytic activity in vitro and augments microglial activation and plaque formation in 5XFAD Alzheimer's mice. Brain-specific targeting of neuregulin-1 by intraventricular delivery of a novel neuregulin-1 fusion protein antagonist, GlyB4, significantly alters microglial morphology and function to a nonpathogenic morphology in early-stage 5XFAD mice and prevents plaques from forming. Once plaques have already formed, GlyB4 reduces new plaque formation and prevents synaptic loss. Selective, targeted disruption of neuregulin-1 signaling on brain microglia with GlyB4 could be a novel "upstream" approach to slow or stop disease progression in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Joseph R Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sarah Schram
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Justin Lei
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jeffrey A Loeb
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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18
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Cahoon DS, Rabin BM, Fisher DR, Shukitt-Hale B. Effects of HZE-Particle Exposure Location and Energy on Brain Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Radiat Res 2023; 200:431-443. [PMID: 37758038 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00041.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts on exploratory missions will be exposed to particle radiation of high energy and charge (HZE particles), which have been shown to produce neurochemical and performance deficits in animal models. Exposure to HZE particles can produce both targeted effects, resulting from direct ionization of atoms along the particle track, and non-targeted effects (NTEs) in cells that are distant from the track, extending the range of potential damage beyond the site of irradiation. While recent work suggests that NTEs are primarily responsible for changes in cognitive function after HZE exposures, the relative contributions of targeted and non-targeted effects to neurochemical changes after HZE exposures are unclear. The present experiment was designed to further explore the role of targeted and non-targeted effects on HZE-induced neurochemical changes (inflammation and oxidative stress) by evaluating the effects of exposure location and particle energy/linear energy transfer (LET). Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats received head-only or body-only exposures to 56Fe particles [600 MeV/n (75 cGy) or 1,000 MeV/n (100 cGy)] or 48Ti particles [500 MeV/n (50 cGy) or 1,100 MeV/n (75 cGy)] or no irradiation (0 cGy). Twenty-four h after irradiation, rats were euthanized, and the brain was dissected for analysis of HZE-particle-induced neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Results showed that exposure to 56Fe and 48Ti ions produced changes in measurements of brain inflammation [glial fibrillary astrocyte protein (GFAP)], oxidative stress [NADPH-oxidoreductase-2 (NOX2)] and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)]. However, radiation effects varied depending upon the specific measurement, brain region, and exposure location. Although overall exposures of the head produced more detrimental changes in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress than exposures of the body, body-only exposures also produced changes relative to no irradiation, and the effect of particle energy/LET on neurochemical changes was minimal. Results indicate that both targeted and non-targeted effects are important contributors to neurochemical changes after head-only exposure. However, because there were no consistent neurochemical changes as a function of changes in track structure after head-only exposures, the role of direct effects on neuronal function is uncertain. Therefore, these findings, although in an animal model, suggest that NTEs should be considered in the estimation of risk to the central nervous system (CNS) and development of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Cahoon
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Maryland 02111
| | - Bernard M Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250
| | - Derek R Fisher
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Maryland 02111
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Maryland 02111
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Varma M, Ugale V, Shaukat J, Hollmann M, Shete P, Shravage B, Tayade S, Kumbhar A, Butcher R, Jani V, Sonavane U, Joshi R, Lokwani D, Kulkarni P. Novel alkyl-substituted 4-methoxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones: Multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176028. [PMID: 37657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting mental ability and interrupts neurocognitive functions. Treating multifactorial conditions of AD with a single-target-directed drug is highly difficult. Thus, a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) development strategy has been developed as a promising approach for the treatment of AD. Herein, we have synthesized two novel thiosemicarbazones as MTDLs and reported their bioactivities against diverse neuropathological events involved in AD. In vitro studies revealed that both compounds exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity (AChE, IC50 = 15.98 μM, MZET and IC50 = 30.23 μM, MZMT), well supported by a detailed computational study. Both analogs have shown good thermodynamic behaviour and stability through interactions with characteristic amino acid residues throughout simulation of 100 ns against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. In an electrophysiology assay, these analogs have shown a characteristic inhibitory response against the GluN1-1a + GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Pre-treatment of BV-2 microglial cells with MZET effectively decreased nitrite production compared to nitrite produced by lipopolysaccharide-treated cells alone. Further, the effect of MZMT and MZET on autophagy regulation was determined using stably transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. MZET significantly enhanced the autophagy flux in neuroblastoma cells. A significant decrease in copper-catalysed oxidation of amyloid-β in presence of synthesized thiosemicarbazones was also observed. Collectively, our findings indicated that these analogs have potential as effective anti-AD candidates and can be used as a prototype to develop more safer multi-targeted anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokshada Varma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Vinod Ugale
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India; Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Javeria Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Padmaja Shete
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Bhupendra Shravage
- Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Sakharam Tayade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Avinash Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Ray Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Vinod Jani
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC Medical & Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Deepak Lokwani
- Rajashri Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Savitribai Phule Pune University, G. G. Agharkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India.
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20
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Palomino-Antolín A, Decouty-Pérez C, Farré-Alins V, Narros-Fernández P, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Álvarez-Rubal M, Valencia I, López-Muñoz F, Ramos E, Cuadrado A, Casas AI, Romero A, Egea J. Redox Regulation of Microglial Inflammatory Response: Fine Control of NLRP3 Inflammasome through Nrf2 and NOX4. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1729. [PMID: 37760032 PMCID: PMC10525647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly relevant within the past few years. In this context, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in the activation of inflammatory responses by promoting the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. We hypothesized that the interplay between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) may play a critical role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammatory responses. After priming mixed glial cultures with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cells were stimulated with ATP, showing a significant reduction of IL1-β release in NOX4 and Nrf2 KO mice. Importantly, NOX4 inhibition using GKT136901 also reduced IL-1β release, as in NOX4 KO mixed glial cultures. Moreover, we measured NOX4 and NLRP3 expression in wild-type mixed glial cultures following LPS treatment, observing that both increased after TLR4 activation, while 24 h treatment with tert-butylhydroquinone, a potent Nrf2 inducer, significantly reduced NLRP3 expression. LPS administration resulted in significant cognitive impairment compared to the control group. Indeed, LPS also modified the expression of NLRP3 and NOX4 in mouse hippocampus. However, mice treated with GKT136901 after LPS impairment showed a significantly improved discrimination index and recovered the expression of inflammatory genes to normal levels compared with wild-type animals. Hence, we here validate NOX4 as a key player in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting NOX4 pharmacological inhibition as a potent therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Palomino-Antolín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Céline Decouty-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Víctor Farré-Alins
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - María Álvarez-Rubal
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Inés Valencia
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” UAM-CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Casas
- Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Egea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.-A.); (C.D.-P.); (V.F.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.)
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21
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Ma L, Jiang X, Huang Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Pei H, Cao Y, Wang H, Li H. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115244. [PMID: 37516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive function that is associated with the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Gut microbiota comprises of a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microorganisms can participate in gut-brain axis activities, thereby affecting cognitive function and associated behaviours. Increasing evidence has indicated that gut dysbiosis can jeopardise host immune responses and promote inflammation, which may be an initiating factor for the onset and evolution of AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a promising resource which encompasses immense chemical diversity and multiple-target characteristics for the treatment of AD. Many TCMs regulate the gut microbiota during treatment of diseases, indicating that gut microbiota may be an important target for TCM efficacy. In this review, we summarised the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD and the effects of TCM in treating AD by regulating the gut microbiota. We anticipate that this review will provide novel perspectives and strategies for future AD research and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hui Pei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huichan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, PR China.
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22
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Rodríguez-Ruiz ER, Herrero-Labrador R, Fernández-Fernández AP, Serrano-Masa J, Martínez-Montero JA, González-Nieto D, Hana-Vaish M, Benchekroun M, Ismaili L, Marco-Contelles J, Martínez-Murillo R. The Proof-of-Concept of MBA121, a Tacrine-Ferulic Acid Hybrid, for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12254. [PMID: 37569630 PMCID: PMC10419016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Great effort has been devoted to the synthesis of novel multi-target directed tacrine derivatives in the search of new treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein we describe the proof of concept of MBA121, a compound designed as a tacrine-ferulic acid hybrid, and its potential use in the therapy of AD. MBA121 shows good β-amyloid (Aβ) anti-aggregation properties, selective inhibition of human butyrylcholinesterase, good neuroprotection against toxic insults, such as Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and H2O2, and promising ADMET properties that support translational developments. A passive avoidance task in mice with experimentally induced amnesia was carried out, MBA121 being able to significantly decrease scopolamine-induced learning deficits. In addition, MBA121 reduced the Aβ plaque burden in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic male mice. Our in vivo results relate its bioavailability with the therapeutic response, demonstrating that MBA121 is a promising agent to treat the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelina R. Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Ana P. Fernández-Fernández
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Julia Serrano-Masa
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - José A. Martínez-Montero
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mayuri Hana-Vaish
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Mohamed Benchekroun
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive de Besançon, Groupe Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive de Besançon, Groupe Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Murillo
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
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23
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Ma X, Kim JK, Shin YJ, Son YH, Lee DY, Park HS, Kim DH. Alleviation of Cognitive Impairment-like Behaviors, Neuroinflammation, Colitis, and Gut Dysbiosis in 5xFAD Transgenic and Aged Mice by Lactobacillus mucosae and Bifidobacterium longum. Nutrients 2023; 15:3381. [PMID: 37571319 PMCID: PMC10421059 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) may cause gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Gut inflammation-suppressing probiotics alleviate neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein, to understand whether anti-inflammatory probiotics Lactobacillus mucosae NK41 and Bifidobacterium longum NK46, which suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, could alleviate cognitive impairment, we first examined their effects on cognitive function, gut inflammation, and gut microbiota composition in 5xFAD-transgenic mice. Oral administration of NK41 or NK46 decreased cognitive impairment-like behaviors, hippocampal amyloid-β (Aβ), TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, hippocampal NF-κB+Iba1+ cell population, and Aβ accumulation, while hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and IL-10 expression and BDNF+NeuN+ cell population increased. They also decreased TNF-α and IL-1β expression and NF-κB+CD11c+ cell population in the colon. They also reduced fecal and blood LPS levels and gut Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia populations (including Akkkermansiaceae), which are positively associated with hippocampal TNF-α and fecal LPS levels and negatively correlated with hippocampal BDNF level. However, they increased Odoribactericeae, which positively correlated with BDNF expression level and TNF-α to IL-10 expression ratio. The combination of NK41 and NK46 (4:1, NKc), which potently inhibited TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages, additively alleviated cognitive impairment-like behaviors in 5xFAD-transgenic or aged mice. NKc increased hippocampal BDNF+NeuN+ cell population and BDNF expression in 5xFAD-transgenic or aged mice, while hippocampal TNF-α and IL-1β expression decreased. NKc also decreased TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the colon and LPS levels in the blood and feces. These findings suggest that gut bacteria and its product LPS may be closely connected with occurrence of cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation and the combination of NK41 and NK46 can additively alleviate cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation by inducing NF-κB-suppressed BDNF expression and suppressing LPS-producing gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoo Son
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Liu JJ, Long YF, Xu P, Guo HD, Cui GH. Pathogenesis of miR-155 on nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:122. [PMID: 37452431 PMCID: PMC10347850 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and is the primary cause of dementia. It is clinically characterized by the memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial and executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and so on. Incidence of this disease was bound up with age, genetic factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction, and other basic diseases, but the exact etiology has not been clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that were involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs have been extensively studied as noninvasive potential biomarkers for disease due to their relative stability in bodily fluids. In addition, they play a significant role in the physiological and pathological processes of various neurological disorders, including stroke, AD, and Parkinson's disease. MiR-155, as an important pro-inflammatory mediator of neuroinflammation, was reported to participate in the progression of β-amyloid peptide and tau via regulating immunity and inflammation. In this review, we put emphasis on the effects of miR-155 on AD and explore the underlying biological mechanisms which could provide a novel approach for diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun-Fan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guo-Hong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Yang P, Liao C, Hu Q, Zhang J, Yang H, Xian S, Mao S. Benzene, 1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl) Attenuates D-galactose /AlCl 3-induced Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Improving ExpressionofMemory-Related Proteins. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00262-2. [PMID: 37327966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by decreased learning ability and memory deficits. Our previous findings suggested that benzene, 1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl) (BTY) can ameliorate the dysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory neurons associated with neurological diseases. On this basis, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of BTY on AD and explored the underlying mechanism. This study included in vitro and in vivo experiments. BTY could maintain cell morphology, improve cell survival rate, reduce cell damage, and inhibit cell apoptosis in vitro experiments. Further, BTY has good pharmacological activity in vivo experiments, of which behavioral experiments showed that BTY could improve AD-like mice's learning and memory abilities. Besides, histopathological experiments indicated that BTY could maintain the morphology and function of neurons, reduce amyloid β-protein 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation, and decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, western blot experiments showed that BTY could inhibit the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and promote the expression of memory-related proteins. In conclusion, this study indicated that BTY may be a promising drug candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Can Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qinrui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuze Xian
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shengjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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26
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Kuharić M, Ivić V, Zjalić M, Matić A, Drenjančević I, Vari SG, Včev A, Heffer M. HIPPOCAMPAL GANGLIOSIDE COMPOSITION IS ALTERED BY METFORMIN AND LIRAGLUTIDE TREATMENT IN A HIGH-FAT HIGH-SUGAR DIET RAT MODEL. Acta Clin Croat 2023; 62:184-192. [PMID: 38304364 PMCID: PMC10829952 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has many deleterious effects on the central nervous system, including the initiation and potentiation of neurodegeneration. While the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been extensively researched with many insights into the effects of amyloids and neurofibrillary tangles, the connection between the two pathogenic entities has not yet been fully elucidated. Gangliosides are commonly found in neuronal membranes and myelin, specifically in lipid rafts that have been linked to pathological amyloidogenesis. In this study, 64 Sprague Dawley rats with equal sex distribution were separated into four sex-specific groups, as follows: control group on standard diet; group on high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHSD); group on HFHSD treated with metformin; and group on HFHSD treated with liraglutide. Free-floating immunohistochemistry of the rat hippocampi was performed to analyze group-specific and sex-specific changes in the composition of the four most common gangliosides found in neuronal membranes and myelin sheaths, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. The groups on HFHSD showed glucose tolerance impairment and body weight increase at the end of the experiment, whereas the groups treated with pharmacotherapeutics had better insulin sensitivity and decreases in body weight by the end of the experiment. Most changes were observed for GM1 and GD1b. Positive immunoreactivity for GM1 was observed in the male group treated with liraglutide in regions where it is not physiologically found. The changes observed following HFHSD and liraglutide treatment were suggestive of ganglioside restructuring that might have implications on pathological amyloidogenesis. Metformin treatment did not significantly alter the hippocampal ganglioside composition in either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuharić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sandor G Vari
- International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
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Twarowski B, Herbet M. Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer's Disease-Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6518. [PMID: 37047492 PMCID: PMC10095343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases of senile dementia in the world. It is an incurable process, most often leading to death. This disease is multifactorial, and one factor of this is inflammation. Numerous mediators secreted by inflammatory cells can cause neuronal degeneration. Neuritis may coexist with other mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to disease progression, and may also directly underlie AD. Although much has been established about the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain unexplained. The work is devoted in particular to the pathomechanism of inflammation and its role in diagnosis and treatment. An in-depth and detailed understanding of the pathomechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease may help in the development of diagnostic methods for early diagnosis and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Lonnemann N, Korte M, Hosseini S. Repeated performance of spatial memory tasks ameliorates cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114218. [PMID: 36403672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a burden on the public health system because it is a neurodegenerative disease that is incurable and for which there is no successful treatment. AD patients suffer from symptoms for many years, with progressive loss of cognitive and functional abilities. In addition to the features of AD, described as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammatory processes, genetic factors, and lifestyle also play important roles. Increasing evidence for lifestyle factors includes possible changes due to smoking, social engagement, and physical activity. METHODS Morris water maze behavioral tasks were performed to analyze the formation of spatial memory. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with a remarkable increase in amyloid-β production associated with certain behavioral abnormalities comparable to AD symptoms and age-matched wild-type littermates were trained several times at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age and compared with untrained groups at 9 and 12 months of age. Performance during the acquisition phase, in the reference memory test, and in searching strategies were analyzed. RESULTS 9- and 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice showed cognitive impairment, especially in the reference memory test and searching strategies. This cognitive deterioration was reversed in 9- and 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice that had been previously trained several times. Even in the reversal test, in which memory formation must be adapted to the new platform position, several trained APP/PS1 mice performed better. CONCLUSION Repeated spatial memory training in the water maze showed positive effects on memory formation in APP/PS1 mice. Interestingly, the cohort that had been previously trained several times was able to use increased hippocampus-dependent strategies, similar to the WT mice. This may suggest that cognitively demanding and physically active tasks can improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allocryptopine via the Target on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis/GNB5/AKT/NF-κB/Apoptosis in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020464. [PMID: 36831001 PMCID: PMC9952939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allocryptopine (ALL) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata(Willd). R. Br., which has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection properties. However, the mechanism by which ALL ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. Here, we used network pharmacology and quantitative proteomic approaches to investigate the effect of ALL on IBD pathogenesis. Network pharmacology predicted potential targets and signaling pathways of ALL's anti-IBD effects. As predicted by network pharmacology, gene ontology (GO) analysis, in terms of the proteomic results, showed that the immune response in mucosa and antimicrobial humoral response were enriched. Further study revealed that the ALL-related pathways were the chemokine signaling pathway and apoptosis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In addition, we identified AKT1 as a hub for the critical pathways through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Similar to mesalazine (MES), Western blot verified that ALL downregulated upstream chemokine CX3CL1 and GNB5 content to reduce phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB, as well as the degree of apoptosis, to improve inflammatory response in the colon. Our research may shed light on the mechanism by which ALL inhibits the CX3CL1/GNB5/AKT2/NF-κB/apoptosis pathway and improves the intestinal barrier to reduce colitis response and act on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis to achieve neuroprotection.
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Raschka T, Sood M, Schultz B, Altay A, Ebeling C, Fröhlich H. AI reveals insights into link between CD33 and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1009894. [PMID: 36780558 PMCID: PMC9956604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling biological mechanisms is a key for disease understanding and drug-target identification. However, formulating quantitative models in the field of Alzheimer's Disease is challenged by a lack of detailed knowledge of relevant biochemical processes. Additionally, fitting differential equation systems usually requires time resolved data and the possibility to perform intervention experiments, which is difficult in neurological disorders. This work addresses these challenges by employing the recently published Variational Autoencoder Modular Bayesian Networks (VAMBN) method, which we here trained on combined clinical and patient level gene expression data while incorporating a disease focused knowledge graph. Our approach, called iVAMBN, resulted in a quantitative model that allowed us to simulate a down-expression of the putative drug target CD33, including potential impact on cognitive impairment and brain pathophysiology. Experimental validation demonstrated a high overlap of molecular mechanism predicted to be altered by CD33 perturbation with cell line data. Altogether, our modeling approach may help to select promising drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Raschka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Meemansa Sood
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruce Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Aybuge Altay
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Ebeling
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Sheng S, Ma Y, Zou Y, Hu F, Chen L. Protective effects of blocking PD-1 pathway on retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094132. [PMID: 36741384 PMCID: PMC9889850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) double knockout (dKO) has a protective effect on RGCs in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension (COHT). Methods We used superparamagnetic iron oxide to induce COHT in mice. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and activation of microglia were evaluated using western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining of the mouse retina. In addition, we also conducted transcriptome sequencing and further gene expression analyses using the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) database. Results In the mouse model of COHT, PD-L1/PD-L2 prevented the apoptosis of RGCs to some extent. Blocking the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway also increased the number of anti-inflammatory M2-activated microglia and enhanced the phosphorylation of its related pathway signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6. Sequencing results showed that this protective effect may have been achieved by regulating the NF-B, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), PI3K/Akt and toll-like receptor signaling pathway etc. Conclusion Blocking the PD-1 pathway has a protective effect on RGCs in the mouse model of COHT induced by superparamagnetic iron oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key National Health Coucil (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixian Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key National Health Coucil (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key National Health Coucil (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key National Health Coucil (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Key National Health Coucil (NHC) Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & Ears, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ling Chen,
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Gironacci MM. Mas receptor endocytosis and signaling in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:49-65. [PMID: 36631200 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte homeostasis and is mainly composed by two axes mediating opposite effects. The pressor axis, constituted by angiotensin (Ang) II and the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), exerts vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative and pro-inflammatory actions, while the depressor/protective axis, represented by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) and the Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R), opposes the actions elicited by the pressor arm. The MasR belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. To avoid receptor overstimulation, GPCRs undergo internalization and trafficking into the cell after being stimulated. Then, the receptor may induce other signaling cascades or it may even interact with other receptors, generating distinct biological responses. Thus, control of a GPCR regarding space and time affects the specificity of the signals transduced by the receptor and the ultimate cellular response. The present chapter is focused on the signaling and trafficking pathways of MasR under physiological conditions and its participation in the pathogenesis of numerous brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Rukavina Mikusic
- From Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Gironacci
- From Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Barber K, Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. The Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of the Chalcone Cardamonin for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 36672126 PMCID: PMC9856590 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) include a wide range of conditions that result from progressive damage to the neurons. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common NDs, and neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the major factors in the development and progression of the disease. Many naturally occurring phytochemical compounds exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with potential neuroprotective effects. Several plant species, including Alpinia katsumadai and Alpinia conchigera, contain cardamonin (CD). CD (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'methoxychalcone) has many therapeutic properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antibiotic activities. CD is a potent compound that can reduce OS and modulate the inflammatory processes that play a significant part in developing neurodegenerative diseases. CD has been shown to modulate a variety of signaling molecules involved in the development and progression of ND, including transcription factors (NF-kB and STAT3), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6), enzymes (COX-2, MMP-9, and ALDH1), and other proteins and genes (Bcl-2, XIAP, and cyclin D1). Additionally, CD effectively modulates miRNA levels and autophagy-related CD-protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration. In summary, this review provides mechanistic insights into CD's ability to modify multiple oxidative stress-antioxidant system pathways, Nrf2, and neuroinflammation. Additionally, it points to the possible therapeutic potential and preventive utilization of CD in neurodegenerative diseases, most specifically AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Barber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Campos HC, Ribeiro DE, Hashiguchi D, Glaser T, Milanis MDS, Gimenes C, Suchecki D, Arida RM, Ulrich H, Monteiro Longo B. Neuroprotective effects of resistance physical exercise on the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132825. [PMID: 37090809 PMCID: PMC10116002 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical exercise has beneficial effects by providing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses to AD. Most studies, however, have been conducted with aerobic exercises, and few have investigated the effects of other modalities that also show positive effects on AD, such as resistance exercise (RE). In addition to its benefits in developing muscle strength, balance and muscular endurance favoring improvements in the quality of life of the elderly, RE reduces amyloid load and local inflammation, promotes memory and cognitive improvements, and protects the cortex and hippocampus from the degeneration that occurs in AD. Similar to AD patients, double-transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice exhibit Αβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus, hyperlocomotion, memory deficits, and exacerbated inflammatory response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of RE intermittent training on the prevention and recovery from these AD-related neuropathological conditions in APP/PS1 mice. Methods For this purpose, 6-7-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and their littermates, negative for the mutations (CTRL), were distributed into three groups: CTRL, APP/PS1, APP/PS1+RE. RE training lasted four weeks and, at the end of the program, the animals were tested in the open field test for locomotor activity and in the object recognition test for recognition memory evaluation. The brains were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of Aβ plaques and microglia, and blood was collected for plasma corticosterone by ELISA assay. Results APP/PS1 transgenic sedentary mice showed increased hippocampal Aβ plaques and higher plasma corticosterone levels, as well as hyperlocomotion and reduced central crossings in the open field test, compared to APP/PS1 exercised and control animals. The intermittent program of RE was able to recover the behavioral, corticosterone and Aβ alterations to the CTRL levels. In addition, the RE protocol increased the number of microglial cells in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Despite these alterations, no memory impairment was observed in APP/PS1 mice in the novel object recognition test. Discussion Altogether, the present results suggest that RE plays a role in alleviating AD symptoms, and highlight the beneficial effects of RE training as a complementary treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Correia Campos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro - ICe, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena da Silva Milanis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Gimenes
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Henning Ulrich, ; Beatriz Monteiro Longo, ;
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Henning Ulrich, ; Beatriz Monteiro Longo, ;
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Li D, Yang H, Lyu M, Wang J, Xu W, Wang Y. Acupuncture Therapy on Dementia: Explained with an Integrated Analysis on Therapeutic Targets and Associated Mechanisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S141-S158. [PMID: 36776063 PMCID: PMC10473135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), remains a global health challenge. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of acupuncture therapy (AT) in improving dementia. Nevertheless, the therapeutic targets and integrated biological mechanisms involved remain ambiguous. OBJECTIVE To identify therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of AT in treating dementia by integrated analysis strategy. METHODS By the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AD, VaD, and molecular targets of AT active components, the acupuncture therapeutic targets associated with the biological response to AD and VaD were extracted. Therapeutic targets-based functional enrichment analysis was conducted, and multiple networks were constructed. AT-therapeutic crucial targets were captured by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The interactions between crucial targets with AT active components were verified by molecular docking. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that 132 and 76 acupuncture therapeutic targets were associated with AD and VaD. AT-therapeutic crucial targets including 58 for AD and 24 for VaD were captured by WGCNA, with 11 in shared, including NMU, GRP, TAC1, ADRA1D, and SST. In addition, 35 and 14 signaling pathways were significantly enriched by functional enrichment analysis, with 6 mutual pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, GABAergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels. CONCLUSION The improvement of AD and VaD by AT was associated with modulation of synaptic function, immunity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our study clarified the therapeutic targets of AT on dementia, providing valuable clues for complementing and combining pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqian Lyu
- Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Tiberi A, Carucci NM, Testa G, Rizzi C, Pacifico P, Borgonovo G, Arisi I, D’Onofrio M, Brandi R, Gan WB, Capsoni S, Cattaneo A. Reduced levels of NGF shift astrocytes toward a neurotoxic phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1165125. [PMID: 37143894 PMCID: PMC10151754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1165125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical for neuronal physiology during development and adulthood. Despite the well-recognized effect of NGF on neurons, less is known about whether NGF can actually affect other cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). In this work, we show that astrocytes are susceptible to changes in ambient levels of NGF. First, we observe that interfering with NGF signaling in vivo via the constitutive expression of an antiNGF antibody induces astrocytic atrophy. A similar asthenic phenotype is encountered in an uncleavable proNGF transgenic mouse model (TgproNGF#72), effectively increasing the brain proNGF levels. To examine whether this effect on astrocytes is cell-autonomous, we cultured wild-type primary astrocytes in the presence of antiNGF antibodies, uncovering that a short incubation period is sufficient to potently and rapidly trigger calcium oscillations. Acute induction of calcium oscillations by antiNGF antibodies is followed by progressive morphological changes similar to those observed in antiNGF AD11 mice. Conversely, incubation with mature NGF has no effect on either calcium activity nor on astrocytic morphology. At longer timescales, transcriptomic analysis revealed that NGF-deprived astrocytes acquire a proinflammatory profile. In particular, antiNGF-treated astrocytes show upregulation of neurotoxic transcripts and downregulation of neuroprotective mRNAs. Consistent with that data, culturing wild-type neurons in the presence of NGF-deprived astrocytes leads to neuronal cell death. Finally, we report that in both awake and anesthetized mice, astrocytes in layer I of the motor cortex respond with an increase in calcium activity to acute NGF inhibition using either NGF-neutralizing antibodies or a TrkA-Fc NGF scavenger. Moreover, in vivo calcium imaging in the cortex of the 5xFAD neurodegeneration mouse model shows an increased level of spontaneous calcium activity in astrocytes, which is significantly reduced after acute administration of NGF. In conclusion, we unveil a novel neurotoxic mechanism driven by astrocytes, triggered by their sensing and reacting to changes in the levels of ambient NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tiberi
- BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute - Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara D’Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute - Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- European Brain Research Institute - Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Wen-Biao Gan
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simona Capsoni
- BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute - Fondazione Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Cattaneo,
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Roy D, Kundu S, Mukherjee S. Development of Computational Correlations among Known Drug Scaffolds and their Target-Specific Non-Coding RNA Scaffolds of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:539-556. [PMID: 37870052 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050261526231013095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent development in sciences has also identified the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We proposed a novel method to identify AD pathway-specific statistically significant miRNAs from the targets of known AD drugs. Moreover, microRNA scaffolds and corresponding drug scaffolds of different pathways were also discovered. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to identify pathway-specific significant miRNAs. We generated feed-forward loop regulations of microRNA-TF-gene-based networks, studied the minimum free energy structures of pre-microRNA sequences, and clustered those microRNAs with their corresponding structural motifs of robust transcription factors. Conservation analyses of significant microRNAs were done, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. We identified 3'UTR binding sites and chromosome locations of these significant microRNAs. RESULTS In this study, hsa-miR-4261, hsa-miR-153-5p, hsa-miR-6766, and hsa-miR-4319 were identified as key miRNAs for the ACHE pathway and hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-6133, hsa-miR-4251, hsa-miR-3148, hsa-miR-10527-5p, hsa-miR-527, and hsa-miR-518a were identified as regulatory miRNAs for the NMDA pathway. These miRNAs were regulated by several AD-specific TFs, namely RAD21, FOXA1, and ESR1. It has been observed that anisole and adamantane are important chemical scaffolds to regulate these significant miRNAs. CONCLUSION This is the first study that developed a detailed correlation between known AD drug scaffolds and their AD target-specific miRNA scaffolds. This study identified chromosomal locations of microRNAs and corresponding structural scaffolds of transcription factors that may be responsible for miRNA co-regulation for Alzheimer's disease. Our study provides hope for therapeutic improvements in the existing microRNAs by regulating pathways and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus. EN-80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata- 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Shymodip Kundu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Swayambhik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
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Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Popiołek-Barczyk K, Linart Z, Filipek-Gorzała J, Rudnicka A, Siwek A, Werner T, Stark H, Chwastek J, Starowicz K, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Łażewska D. Anti-inflammatory effects of new human histamine H 3 receptor ligands with flavonoid structure on BV-2 neuroinflammation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:181-194. [PMID: 36370200 PMCID: PMC9925557 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglia play an important role in the neuroinflammation developed in response to various pathologies. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of the new human histamine H3 receptor (H3R) ligands with flavonoid structure in murine microglial BV-2 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The affinity of flavonoids (E243 -flavone and IIIa-IIIc-chalcones) for human H3R was evaluated in the radioligand binding assay. The cytotoxicity on BV-2 cell viability was investigated with the MTS assay. Preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammatory properties was screened by the Griess assay in an in vitro neuroinflammation model of LPS-treated BV-2 cells. The expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by real-time qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression of microglial cell markers were determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Chalcone derivatives showed high affinity at human H3R with Ki values < 25 nM. At the highest nontoxic concentration (6.25 μM) compound IIIc was the most active in reducing the level of nitrite in Griess assay. Additionally, IIIc treatment attenuated inflammatory process in murine microglia cells by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) at both the level of mRNA and protein level. Our immunocytochemistry studies revealed expression of microglial markers (Iba1, CD68, CD206) in BV-2 cell line. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of further research to accurately identify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Popiołek-Barczyk
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Linart
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Filipek-Gorzała
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rudnicka
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tobias Werner
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakub Chwastek
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Ceyzériat K, Zilli T, Millet P, Koutsouvelis N, Dipasquale G, Fossey C, Cailly T, Fabis F, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Tournier BB. Low-dose brain irradiation normalizes TSPO and CLUSTERIN levels and promotes the non-amyloidogenic pathway in pre-symptomatic TgF344-AD rats. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:311. [PMID: 36550510 PMCID: PMC9783748 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have recently evaluated the impact of low-dose brain radiation therapy (LD-RT) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) showing anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory effects of this treatment. Its effectiveness varied, however, depending on the LD-RT protocol used and the stage when the treatment was applied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 10 Gy delivered in five daily fractions of 2 Gy (a protocol previously shown to induce an improvement of cognitive performances) in 9-month-old TgF344-AD rats, modeling at a pre-symptomatic stage of the disease. We showed that at an early stage, LD-RT was able to lower levels of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-mediated neuroinflammation to normal ranges in addition to the secreted CLUSTERIN, another inflammatory protein also involved in Aβ aggregation. In addition, we demonstrated that LD-RT reduces all amyloid forms (~ - 60 to - 80%, P < 0.01; soluble and aggregated forms of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβoligomers). Interestingly, we showed for the first time that sAPPα levels were improved by the treatment, showing a higher activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway, that could favor neuronal survival. The current evidence confirms the capacity of LD-RT to successfully modulate two pathological hallmarks of AD, namely amyloid and neuroinflammation, when applied before symptoms onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ceyzériat
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Avenue de La Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988CIBM Center for BioMedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Avenue de La Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouvelis
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Dipasquale
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fossey
- grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076Centre d’Études et de Recherche Sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 1400 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076Centre d’Études et de Recherche Sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 1400 Caen, France ,grid.411149.80000 0004 0472 0160Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Cote de Nacre, 1400 Caen, France ,grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, IMOGERE, 1400 Caen, France ,Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Fabis
- grid.412043.00000 0001 2186 4076Centre d’Études et de Recherche Sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 1400 Caen, France
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988CIBM Center for BioMedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B. Tournier
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Avenue de La Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Hu HY, Zhang YR, Aerqin Q, Ou YN, Wang ZT, Cheng W, Feng JF, Tan L, Yu JT. Association between multimorbidity status and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 245,483 participants. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:505. [PMID: 36476644 PMCID: PMC9729184 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity (the presence of two or more long-term conditions [LTCs]) was suggested to exacerbate the neuronal injuries. The impact of multimorbidity on dementia has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between multimorbidity and dementia risk. We used the prospective data from 245,483 UK Biobank participants during a 9-year follow-up. Multimorbidity status was evaluated based on the LTC counts and multimorbidity patterns. Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to examine the associations of multimorbidity status with all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Participants with multimorbidity at baseline had higher risks of ACD and VD, and the risks were elevated with the increase of LTC counts (ACD: hazard ratios [HR] = 1.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.01-1.31 with 2 LTCs; HR = 1.18, CI = 1.01-1.39 with 3 LTCs; HR = 1.65, CI = 1.44-1.88 with ≥4 LTCs; VD: HR = 1. 66, CI = 1.24-2.21 with 2 LTCs; HR = 2.10, CI = 1.53-2.88 with 3 LTCs; HR = 3.17, CI = 2.43-4.13 with ≥4 LTCs). Participants with ≥4 LTCs also had a higher risk of AD (HR = 1.34, CI = 1.08-1.66]. Participants with the cardio-cerebrovascular/respiratory/metabolic/musculoskeletal/depressive multimorbidity were 1.46, 1.28, and 2.50 times more likely to develop ACD (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.28-1.67), AD (HR = 1.28, CI = 1.04-1.58), and VD (HR = 2.50, CI = 1.90-3.27), respectively. Those with tumor/genitourinary/digestive disorders had a 11% higher hazard of ACD (HR = 1.11, CI = 1.00-1.24) and a 73% elevated risk of VD (HR = 1.73, CI = 1.37-2.18). The prevention of LTC accumulation and the identification of specific multimorbidity patterns might be beneficial to the prevention of dementia and its subtypes, AD as well as VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ying Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bi W, Lei T, Cai S, Zhang X, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Wang L, Du H. Potential of astrocytes in targeting therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Princiotta Cariddi L, Mauri M, Cosentino M, Versino M, Marino F. Alzheimer’s Disease: From Immune Homeostasis to Neuroinflammatory Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13008. [PMID: 36361799 PMCID: PMC9658357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause in the world of progressive cognitive decline. Although many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been proposed, in recent years, neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to be an important contributing factor of Alzheimer’s Disease pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation can occur through the combined action of the Central Nervous System resident immune cells and adaptive peripheral immune system. In the past years, immunotherapies for neurodegenerative diseases have focused wrongly on targeting protein aggregates Aβ plaques and NFT treatment. The role of both innate and adaptive immune cells has not been fully clarified, but several data suggest that immune system dysregulation plays a key role in neuroinflammation. Recent studies have focused especially on the role of the adaptive immune system and have shown that inflammatory markers are characterized by increased CD4+ Teff cells’ activities and reduced circulating CD4+ Treg cells. In this review, we discuss the key role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the degeneration and regeneration mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, with a focus on how the crosstalk between these two systems is able to sustain brain homeostasis or shift it to a neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Princiotta Cariddi
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Mauri
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Versino
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Sette Laghi Hospital, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Boyd RJ, Avramopoulos D, Jantzie LL, McCallion AS. Neuroinflammation represents a common theme amongst genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:223. [PMID: 36076238 PMCID: PMC9452283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial diseases are characterized by inter-individual variation in etiology, age of onset, and penetrance. These diseases tend to be relatively common and arise from the combined action of genetic and environmental factors; however, parsing the convoluted mechanisms underlying these gene-by-environment interactions presents a significant challenge to their study and management. For neurodegenerative disorders, resolving this challenge is imperative, given the enormous health and societal burdens they impose. The mechanisms by which genetic and environmental effects may act in concert to destabilize homeostasis and elevate risk has become a major research focus in the study of common disease. Emphasis is further being placed on determining the extent to which a unifying biological principle may account for the progressively diminishing capacity of a system to buffer disease phenotypes, as risk for disease increases. Data emerging from studies of common, neurodegenerative diseases are providing insights to pragmatically connect mechanisms of genetic and environmental risk that previously seemed disparate. In this review, we discuss evidence positing inflammation as a unifying biological principle of homeostatic destabilization affecting the risk, onset, and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we discuss how genetic variation associated with Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease may contribute to pro-inflammatory responses, how such underlying predisposition may be exacerbated by environmental insults, and how this common theme is being leveraged in the ongoing search for effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Boyd
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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CX3CL1 Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibits Aβ1-42-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Pathological Damage through TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1949344. [PMID: 36118839 PMCID: PMC9477634 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1949344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most commonly seen neurodegenerative brain disorder. The paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) signify to trigger immunomodulation and neural regeneration. However, the role and mechanism of bone marrow MSC- (BMSC-) derived CX3CL1 in AD remains elusive. In this study, Aβ1-42-intervened SH-SY5Y cells were used for AD cell model construction. pcDNA-ligated CX3CL1 overexpression plasmids were transfected into BMSCs. The levels of soluble and membrane-bound CX3CL1 were detected by ELISA and Western blotting (WB), respectively. The growth, apoptosis, and pathology of AD model cells were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, morphology observation, biochemical examination, and WB. It was found that Aβ1-42 significantly reduced CX3CL1 expression either in soluble or membrane-bound form, cell viability, relative protein expression of synaptic markers, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px contents, as well as Trx protein expression; in addition, it enhanced the apoptosis rate, the relative expression of cleaved caspase-3, Aβ, tau, p-Tau, Iba1, MDA, TXNIP, and NLRP3 in SH-SY5Y cells; however, the above effects were prominently reversed by the coculture of BMSCs. Moreover, overexpression of CX3CL1 in BMSCs observably strengthened the corresponding tendency caused by BMSCs. In conclusion, through the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, CX3CL1 derived from BMSCs inhibited pathological damage in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y.
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Lonnemann N, Hosseini S, Ohm M, Geffers R, Hiller K, Dinarello CA, Korte M. IL-37 expression reduces acute and chronic neuroinflammation and rescues cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. eLife 2022; 11:75889. [PMID: 36040311 PMCID: PMC9481244 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) belongs to the IL-1 family but is not expressed in mice. We used a human IL-37 (hIL-37tg) expressing mouse, which has been subjected to various models of local and systemic inflammation as well as immunological challenges. Previous studies reveal an immunomodulatory role of IL-37, which can be characterized as an important suppressor of innate immunity. Here, we examined the functions of IL-37 in the central nervous system and explored the effects of IL-37 on neuronal architecture and function, microglial phenotype, cytokine production and behavior after inflammatory challenge by intraperitoneal LPS-injection. In wild-type mice, decreased spine density, activated microglial phenotype and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) were observed after LPS injection, whereas hIL-37tg mice showed no impairment. In addition, we crossed the hIL-37tg mouse with an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-37 under chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. Our results show that expression of IL-37 is able to limit inflammation in the brain after acute inflammatory events and prevent loss of cognitive abilities in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Ohm
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, United States
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Yang AJT, Mohammad A, Tsiani E, Necakov A, MacPherson REK. Chronic AMPK Activation Reduces the Expression and Alters Distribution of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152354. [PMID: 35954198 PMCID: PMC9367429 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal growth and synaptic function are dependent on precise protein production and turnover at the synapse. AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represents a metabolic node involved in energy sensing and in regulating synaptic protein homeostasis. However, there is ambiguity surrounding the role of AMPK in regulating neuronal growth and health. This study examined the effect of chronic AMPK activation on markers of synaptic function and growth. Retinoic-acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were treated with A-769662 (100 nM) or Compound C (30 nM) for 1, 3, or 5 days before AMPK, mTORC1, and markers for synapse function were examined. Cell morphology, neuronal marker content, and location were quantified after 5 days of treatment. AMPK phosphorylation was maintained throughout all 5 days of treatment with A-769662 and resulted in chronic mTORC1 inhibition. Lower total, soma, and neuritic neuronal marker contents were observed following 5 d of AMPK activation. Neurite protein abundance and distribution was lower following 5 days of A-769662 treatment. Our data suggest that chronic AMPK activation impacts synaptic protein content and reduces neurite protein abundance and distribution. These results highlight a distinct role that metabolism plays on markers of synapse health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. T. Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.J.T.Y.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Hook G, Reinheckel T, Ni J, Wu Z, Kindy M, Peters C, Hook V. Cathepsin B Gene Knockout Improves Behavioral Deficits and Reduces Pathology in Models of Neurologic Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:600-629. [PMID: 35710131 PMCID: PMC9553114 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a powerful lysosomal protease. This review evaluated CTSB gene knockout (KO) outcomes for amelioration of brain dysfunctions in neurologic diseases and aging animal models. Deletion of the CTSB gene resulted in significant improvements in behavioral deficits, neuropathology, and/or biomarkers in traumatic brain injury, ischemia, inflammatory pain, opiate tolerance, epilepsy, aging, transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and periodontitis AD models as shown in 12 studies. One study found beneficial effects for double CTSB and cathepsin S KO mice in a multiple sclerosis model. Transgenic AD models using amyloid precursor protein (APP) mimicking common sporadic AD in three studies showed that CTSB KO improved memory, neuropathology, and biomarkers; two studies used APP representing rare familial AD and found no CTSB KO effect, and two studies used highly engineered APP constructs and reported slight increases in a biomarker. In clinical studies, all reports found that CTSB enzyme was upregulated in diverse neurologic disorders, including AD in which elevated CTSB was positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction. In a wide range of neurologic animal models, CTSB was also upregulated and not downregulated. Further, human genetic mutation data provided precedence for CTSB upregulation causing disease. Thus, the consilience of data is that CTSB gene KO results in improved brain dysfunction and reduced pathology through blockade of CTSB enzyme upregulation that causes human neurologic disease phenotypes. The overall findings provide strong support for CTSB as a rational drug target and for CTSB inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for a wide range of neurologic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides a comprehensive compilation of the extensive data on the effects of deleting the cathepsin B (CTSB) gene in neurological and aging mouse models of brain disorders. Mice lacking the CTSB gene display improved neurobehavioral deficits, reduced neuropathology, and amelioration of neuronal cell death and inflammatory biomarkers. The significance of the compelling CTSB evidence is that the data consilience validates CTSB as a drug target for discovery of CTSB inhibitors as potential therapeutics for treating numerous neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Junjun Ni
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Zhou Wu
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Mark Kindy
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Christoph Peters
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Vivian Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
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A Microglial Function for the Nerve Growth Factor: Predictions of the Unpredictable. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111835. [PMID: 35681529 PMCID: PMC9180430 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the only immune cell population present in the brain parenchyma. Their vantage position in the central nervous system (CNS) enables these myeloid cells to perform the most disparate of tasks: from the classical immune functions of fighting infections and surveilling the extracellular space for pathogens and damage, to sculpting the neuronal circuitry by pruning unnecessary synapses and assisting neurons in spine formation, aiding in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. The neurotrophin field has always been dominated by the neurocentric view that the primary target of these molecules must be neurons: this holds true even for the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which owes its popularity in the neuroscience community to its trophic and tropic activity towards sensory and sympathetic neurons in the peripheral nervous system, and cholinergic neurons in the CNS. The increasing evidence that microglia are an integral part of neuronal computation calls for a closer look as to whether these glial cells are capable of responding directly to NGF. In this review, we will first outline evidence in support of a role for NGF as a molecule mediating neuroimmune communication. Then, we will illustrate some of those non-immune features that have made microglial cells one of the hottest topics of this last decade. In conclusion, we will discuss evidence in support of a microglial function for NGF.
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Jeong JH, Lee DH, Song J. HMGB1 signaling pathway in diabetes-related dementia: Blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ accumulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112933. [PMID: 35413600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the onset of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the similarities and relationship between diabetes and dementia as an important issue for treating diabetes-related cognitive deficits. Diabetes-related dementia exhibits several features, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ over-accumulation. High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a protein known to regulate gene transcription and cellular mechanisms by binding to DNA or chromatin via receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 can impact both neuropathology and diabetic alterations. Herein, we review the recent research regarding the roles of HMGB1-RAGE-TLR4 axis in diabetes-related dementia from several perspectives and emphasize the importance of the influence of HMGB1 in diabetes-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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