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Dampalla CS, Kim Y, Zabiegala A, Howard DJ, Nguyen HN, Madden TK, Thurman HA, Cooper A, Liu L, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-Guided Design of Potent Coronavirus Inhibitors with a 2-Pyrrolidone Scaffold: Biochemical, Crystallographic, and Virological Studies. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11937-11956. [PMID: 38953866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Zoonotic coronaviruses are known to produce severe infections in humans and have been the cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 was the largest and latest contributor of fatal cases, even though MERS-CoV has the highest case-fatality ratio among zoonotic coronaviruses. These infections pose a high risk to public health worldwide warranting efforts for the expeditious discovery of antivirals. Hence, we hereby describe a novel series of inhibitors of coronavirus 3CLpro embodying an N-substituted 2-pyrrolidone scaffold envisaged to exploit favorable interactions with the S3-S4 subsites and connected to an invariant Leu-Gln P2-P1 recognition element. Several inhibitors showed nanomolar antiviral activity in enzyme and cell-based assays, with no significant cytotoxicity. High-resolution crystal structures of inhibitors bound to the 3CLpro were determined to probe and identify the molecular determinants associated with binding, to inform the structure-guided optimization of the inhibitors, and to confirm the mechanism of action of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamandi S Dampalla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Alexandria Zabiegala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Dennis J Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Trent K Madden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Hayden A Thurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Lijun Liu
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Kevin P Battaile
- NYX, New York Structural Biology Center, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - William C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu A, Pu Z, Ji Q, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang Y. Sivelestat improves acute lung injury by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302721. [PMID: 38935660 PMCID: PMC11210789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL). METHODS A rat model for ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was established. Pathological examination of lung tissue was conducted to assess lung injury. Blood gas in the arteries was measured using a blood analyzer. Changes in PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were carefully compared. ELISA assay was conducted to estimate cell adhesion and inflammation response. Finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay was used to determine the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. RESULTS ARDS in vivo model was successfully constructed by LPS injection. Compared with the sham group, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly lower in the vehicle group, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8 andTNF-αwere significantly increased. After treatment with different doses of sivelestat sodium, we found PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 were prominently increased, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α levels were decreased in the dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, compared with the vehicle group, the expression levels of Bax, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were significantly lower, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher after injection with sivelestat sodium. CONCLUSION Sivelestat sodium has an interventional effect on ALI in sepsis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zunguo Pu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hai’an People’s Hospital, Hai’an County, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Thomas J, Ghosh A, Ranjan S, Satija J. Cheminformatics approach to identify andrographolide derivatives as dual inhibitors of methyltransferases (nsp14 and nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9801. [PMID: 38684706 PMCID: PMC11058777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak has accelerated tremendous efforts to discover a therapeutic strategy that targets severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to control viral infection. Various viral proteins have been identified as potential drug targets, however, to date, no specific therapeutic cure is available against the SARS-CoV-2. To address this issue, the present work reports a systematic cheminformatic approach to identify the potent andrographolide derivatives that can target methyltransferases of SARS-CoV-2, i.e. nsp14 and nsp16 which are crucial for the replication of the virus and host immune evasion. A consensus of cheminformatics methodologies including virtual screening, molecular docking, ADMET profiling, molecular dynamics simulations, free-energy landscape analysis, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), and density functional theory (DFT) was utilized. Our study reveals two new andrographolide derivatives (PubChem CID: 2734589 and 138968421) as natural bioactive molecules that can form stable complexes with both proteins via hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. The toxicity analysis predicts class four toxicity for both compounds with LD50 value in the range of 500-700 mg/kg. MD simulation reveals the stable formation of the complex for both the compounds and their average trajectory values were found to be lower than the control inhibitor and protein alone. MMGBSA analysis corroborates the MD simulation result and showed the lowest energy for the compounds 2734589 and 138968421. The DFT and MEP analysis also predicts the better reactivity and stability of both the hit compounds. Overall, both andrographolide derivatives exhibit good potential as potent inhibitors for both nsp14 and nsp16 proteins, however, in-vitro and in vivo assessment would be required to prove their efficacy and safety in clinical settings. Moreover, the drug discovery strategy aiming at the dual target approach might serve as a useful model for inventing novel drug molecules for various other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anupam Ghosh
- NanoBio Research Lab, School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721301, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- NanoBio Research Lab, School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721301, India
| | - Jitendra Satija
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Thomas J, Kumar S, Satija J. Integrated molecular and quantum mechanical approach to identify novel potent natural bioactive compound against 2'-O-methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1999-2012. [PMID: 37129206 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, efforts are still in progress to find out a functional cure for the infection. Among the various protein targets, nsp16 capping protein is one of the vital targets for drug development as it protects the virus against the host cell nucleases and evading innate immunity. The nsp16 protein forms a heterodimer with a co-factor nsp10 and triggers 2'-O-methyltransferase activity which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl methionine into S-adenosyl homocysteine. The free methyl group is transferred to the 2'-O position on ribose sugar at the 5' end of mRNA to form the cap-1 structure which is essential for replication of the virus and evading the innate immunity of the host. In this study, we identify a potential lead natural bioactive compound against nsp16 protein by systematic cheminformatic analysis of more than 144k natural compounds. Virtual screening, molecular docking interactions, ADMET profiling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), free energy analysis and density functional theory analysis were used to discover the potential lead compound. Our investigation revealed that ZINC8952607 (methyl-[(6-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-yl)aminomethyl]BLAHone) has the greatest binding affinity and best pharmacokinetic parameters due to presence of carbazol and BLAHone (biaryl moiety). Further, time-dependent MD simulation analysis substantiates the stability and rigidness of nsp16 protein even after interaction with the lead compound. We believe that the compound ZINC8952607 might establish as a novel natural drug candidate against CoVID-19 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bio-Separation and Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jitendra Satija
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Tiwari G, Chauhan MS, Sharma D. In silico study of inhibition activity of boceprevir drug against 2019-nCoV main protease. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:1-12. [PMID: 38156366 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Boceprevir drug is a ketoamide serine protease inhibitor with a linear peptidomimetic structure that exhibits inhibition activity against 2019-nCoV main protease. This paper reports electronic properties of boceprevir and its molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics simulation analysis with protein receptor. For this, the equilibrium structure of boceprevir has been obtained by DFT at B3LYP and ωB97XD levels with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set in gas and water mediums. HOMO-LUMO and absorption spectrum analysis have been used to evaluate the boceprevir's toxicity and photosensitivity, respectively. Molecular docking simulation has been performed to test the binding affinity of boceprevir with 2019-nCoV MPRO; which rendered a variety of desirable binding locations between the ligand and target protein's residue positions. The optimum binding location has been considered for molecular dynamics simulation. The findings have been addressed to clarify the boceprevir drug efficacy against the 2019-nCoV MPRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Patna University, Patna-800005, India
| | | | - Dipendra Sharma
- Department of Physics, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India
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Elnosary ME, Shreadah MA, Ashour ML, Nabil-Adam A. Predictions based on inflammatory cytokine profiling of Egyptian COVID-19 with 2 potential therapeutic effects of certain marine-derived compounds. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111072. [PMID: 38006751 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS A worldwide coronavirus pandemic has affected many healthcare systems in 2019 (COVID-19). Following viral activation, cytokines and chemokines are released, causing inflammation and tissue death, particularly in the lungs, resulting in severe COVID-19 symptoms such as pneumonia and ARDS. COVID-19 induces the release of several chemokines and cytokines in different organs, such as the cardiovascular system and lungs. RESEARCH IDEA COVID-19 and its more severe effects, such as an elevated risk of death, are more common in patients with metabolic syndrome and the elderly. Cytokine storm and COVID-19 severity may be mitigated by immunomodulation targeting NF-κB activation in conjunction with TNF- α -inhibition. In severe cases of COVID-19, inhibiting the NF-κB/TNF- α, the pathway may be employed as a therapeutic option. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study will elaborate on the Egyptian pattern for COVID-19 patients in the first part of our study. An Egyptian patient with COVID-19 inflammatory profiling will be discussed in the second part of this article using approved marine drugs selected to inhabit the significant inflammatory signals. A biomarker profiling study is currently being performed on Egyptian patients with SARS-COV-2. According to the severity of the infection, participants were divided into four groups. The First Group was non-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Control, n = 16), the Second Group was non-intensive care patients (non-ICU, n = 16), the Third Group was intensive care patients (ICU, n = 16), and the Fourth Group was ICU with endotracheal intubation (ICU + EI, n = 16). To investigate COVID-19 inflammatory biomarkers for Egyptian patients, several inflammatory, oxidative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were measured. The following are examples of blood tests: CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6., IL-Ib, CD8, NF-κB, MDA, and total antioxidants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the current study revealed many logical findings, such as the elevation of CRP, Ferritin, D-dimer, TNF- α, CD8, IL-6, IL-, NF-κB, and MDA. Where a significant increase showed in ICU group results (23.05 ± 0.30, 2.35 ± 0.86, 433.4 ± 159.3, 26.67 ± 3.51, 7.52 ± 1.48, 7.49 ± 1.04, 5.76 ± 1.31, 7.41 ± 0.73) respectively, and also ICU group results (54.75 ± 3.44, 0.65 ± 0.13, 460.2 ± 121.42, 27.43 ± 2.52, 8.63 ± 2.68, 10.65 ± 2.75, 5.93 ± 1.4, 10.64 ± 0.86) respectively, as well as ICU + EI group results (117.63 ± 11.89, 1.22 ± 0.65, 918.8 ± 159.27, 26.68 ± 2.00, 6.68 ± 1.08, 11.68 ± 6.16, 6.23 ± 0.07, 22.41 ± 1.39),respectively.The elevation in laboratory biomarkers of cytokines storm in three infected groups with remarkable increases in the ICU + EI group was due to the elevation of oxidative stress and inflammatory storm molecules, which lead to highly inflammatory responses, specifically in severe patients of COVID-19. Another approach to be used in the current study is investigating new computational drug compounds for SARS-COV-2 protective agents from the marine environment. The results revealed that (Imatinib and Indinavir) had the highest affinity toward Inflammatory molecules and COVID-19 proteins (PDB ID: -7CZ4 and 7KJR), which may be used in the future as possible COVID-19 drug candidates. CONCLUSION The investigated inflammatory biomarkers in Egyptian COVID-19 patients showed a strong correlation between IL6, TNF-α, NF-κB, CRB, DHL, and ferritin as COVID-19 biomarkers and determined the severity of the infection. Also, the oxidative /antioxidant showed good biomarkers for infection recovery and progression of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Elnosary
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Attia Shreadah
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asmaa Nabil-Adam
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt.
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Mueller JK, Ahrens KF, Bauer M, Baune BT, Borgwardt S, Deckert J, Domschke K, Ellwanger R, Fallgatter A, Frodl T, Gallinat J, Gottschalk R, Grabe HJ, Hasan A, Herpertz SC, Hurlemann R, Jessen F, Kambeitz J, Kircher T, Kornhuber J, Lieb K, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Rupprecht R, Scherbaum N, Schlang C, Schneider A, Schomerus G, Thoma A, Unterecker S, Walter M, Walter H, Reif A, Reif-Leonhard C. Prevalence of COVID-19 and Psychotropic Drug Treatment in Psychiatric In-patients in Germany in 2020: Results from a Nationwide Pilot Survey. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 56:227-238. [PMID: 37944561 DOI: 10.1055/a-2177-3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with a pre-existing mental disorder, an increased risk for a first manifestation of a psychiatric disorder in COVID-19 patients, a more severe course of COVID-19 and an increased mortality have been described. Conversely, observations of lower COVID-19 incidences in psychiatric in-patients suggested protective effects of psychiatric treatment and/or psychotropic drugs against COVID-19. METHODS A retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 24 German psychiatric university hospitals. Between April and December 2020 (the first and partly second wave of COVID-19), the effects of COVID-19 were assessed on psychiatric in-patient care, the incidence and course of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, and treatment with psychotropic drugs. RESULTS Patients (n=36,322) were admitted to the hospitals. Mandatory SARS-CoV-2 tests before/during admission were reported by 23 hospitals (95.8%), while 18 (75%) conducted regular testing during the hospital stay. Two hundred thirty-two (0.6%) patients were tested SARS-CoV-2-positive. Thirty-seven (16%) patients were receiving medical treatment for COVID-19 at the psychiatric hospital, ten (4.3%) were transferred to an intermediate/intensive care unit, and three (1.3%) died. The most common prescription for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was for second-generation antipsychotics (n=79, 28.2%) and antidepressants (SSRIs (n=38, 13.5%), mirtazapine (n=36, 12.9%) and SNRIs (n=29, 10.4%)). DISCUSSION Contrary to previous studies, our results showed a low number of infections and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-positive psychiatric patients. Several preventive measures seem effective to protect this vulnerable group. Our observations are compatible with the hypothesis of a protective effect of psychotropic drugs against COVID-19 as the overall mortality and need for specific medical treatment was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane K Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Kira F Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH, University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Gottschalk
- Health Protection Authority, City of Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Thoma
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité University Clinic Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Christine Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
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Vernia F, Ashktorab H, Cesaro N, Monaco S, Faenza S, Sgamma E, Viscido A, Latella G. COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Tract: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Manifestations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1709. [PMID: 37893427 PMCID: PMC10608106 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since its first report in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, COVID-19 has become a pandemic, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although the virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal symptoms are also common. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic search of English literature up to January 2023 using Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on papers that analyzed the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract. Results: Our review highlights that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects the gastrointestinal tract and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, loss of taste, and increased liver enzymes. These symptoms result from mucosal barrier damage, inflammation, and changes in the microbiota composition. The exact mechanism of how the virus overcomes the acid gastric environment and leads to the intestinal damage is still being studied. Conclusions: Although vaccination has increased the prevalence of less severe symptoms, the long-term interaction with SARS-CoV-2 remains a concern. Understanding the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the gastrointestinal tract is essential for future management of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vernia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Nicola Cesaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Monaco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Susanna Faenza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sgamma
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Shehzadi K, Saba A, Yu M, Liang J. Structure-Based Drug Design of RdRp Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:22. [PMID: 37318607 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide pandemic since 2019, spreading rapidly and posing a significant threat to human health and life. With over 6 billion confirmed cases of the virus, the need for effective therapeutic drugs has become more urgent than ever before. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is crucial in viral replication and transcription, catalysing viral RNA synthesis and serving as a promising therapeutic target for developing antiviral drugs. In this article, we explore the inhibition of RdRp as a potential treatment for viral diseases, analysing the structural information of RdRp in virus proliferation and summarizing the reported inhibitors' pharmacophore features and structure-activity relationship profiles. We hope that the information provided by this review will aid in structure-based drug design and aid in the global fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shehzadi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Afsheen Saba
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, China.
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10
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Liang J, Wu Y, Lan K, Dong C, Wu S, Li S, Zhou HB. Antiviral PROTACs: Opportunity borne with challenge. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100092. [PMID: 37398636 PMCID: PMC10308200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degradation of pathogenic proteins by hijacking of the ubiquitin-proteasome-system has become a promising strategy in drug design. The overwhelming advantages of PROTAC technology have ensured a rapid and wide usage, and multiple PROTACs have entered clinical trials. Several antiviral PROTACs have been developed with promising bioactivities against various pathogenic viruses. However, the number of reported antiviral PROTACs is far less than that of other diseases, e.g., cancers, immune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, possibly because of the common deficiencies of PROTAC technology (e.g., limited available ligands and poor membrane permeability) plus the complex mechanism involved and the high tendency of viral mutation during transmission and replication, which may challenge the successful development of effective antiviral PROTACs. This review highlights the important advances in this rapidly growing field and critical limitations encountered in developing antiviral PROTACs by analyzing the current status and representative examples of antiviral PROTACs and other PROTAC-like antiviral agents. We also summarize and analyze the general principles and strategies for antiviral PROTAC design and optimization with the intent of indicating the potential strategic directions for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsen Liang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yihe Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chune Dong
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shu Li
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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11
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Canal-Rivero M, Vázquez-Hernández J, León-Gómez M, Maraver-Ayala S, Fernández-Portes L, Sánhez-Benítez S, Garrido-Torres N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Crespo-Facorro B. Epidemiology of infection, transmission and COVID-19 outcomes among mental health users and workers in a comprehensive network of long-term mental health facilities: Retrospective observational population-base study. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:1-7. [PMID: 36736100 PMCID: PMC9852313 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality have been reported among users and workers of long-term care facilities. The main objective of this work was to explore the prevalence and temporal pattern of COVID-19 in comprehensive network of long-term mental health facilities in Spain. Secondly, we aimed to estimate the effect of having a severe mental health diagnosis on prevalence and COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS A cohort of 2552 participants were followed-up over a one-year. Sociodemographic and clinical data related to COVID-19 were recollected using a proforma. Frequency analyses were used to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 disease. Multivariable binary regression models sequentially adjusted by gender and age were employed to explore the potential role of severe mental health diagnosis on COVID-19 outcomes. RESULTS Workers had higher risk of testing positive than mental health users (odds ratio [OR] 1.57 [95 % CI 1.01-2.43; p < 0.05] who presented an equivalent risk of testing positive after accounting for age and gender (OR 1.62 [95 % CI 0.98-2.66; p = 0.06]. CONCLUSIONS The significant lower prevalence of COVID-19 among mental health users could be explained by the measures implemented to prevent COVID-19 as well as by the possible role that antipsychotic treatment could play in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Canal-Rivero
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Hernández
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Integración Social de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (FAISEM), Andalusia, Spain
| | - Marta León-Gómez
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Maraver-Ayala
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Integración Social de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (FAISEM), Andalusia, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Portes
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Integración Social de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (FAISEM), Andalusia, Spain
| | - Soraya Sánhez-Benítez
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Integración Social de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (FAISEM), Andalusia, Spain
| | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Mental Health Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Ma Y, Zhong J. Logistic tensor decomposition with sparse subspace learning for prediction of multiple disease types of human-virus protein-protein interactions. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6961474. [PMID: 36573486 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection involves a large number of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the virus and the host, and the identification of these PPIs plays an important role in revealing viral infection and pathogenesis. Existing computational models focus on predicting whether human proteins and viral proteins interact, and rarely take into account the types of diseases associated with these interactions. Although there are computational models based on a matrix and tensor decomposition for predicting multi-type biological interaction relationships, these methods cannot effectively model high-order nonlinear relationships of biological entities and are not suitable for integrating multiple features. To this end, we propose a novel computational framework, LTDSSL, to determine human-virus PPIs under different disease types. LTDSSL utilizes logistic functions to model nonlinear associations, sets importance levels to emphasize the importance of observed interactions and utilizes sparse subspace learning of multiple features to improve model performance. Experimental results show that LTDSSL has better predictive performance for both new disease types and new triples than the state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the case study further demonstrates that LTDSSL can effectively predict human-viral PPIs under various disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024 , China
| | - Junjiang Zhong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024 , China
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13
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Kumar M, Roy A, Rawat RS, Alok A, Tetala KKR, Biswas NR, Kaur P, Kumar S. Identification and structural studies of natural inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA methyltransferase (NSP16). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13965-13975. [PMID: 34766876 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1997821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic RNA viruses are emerging as one of the major threats and posing challenges to human community. RNA viruses have an exceptionally shorter generation time and easy to adapt in host cells. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a long RNA virus, has shown us how difficult it is to overcome this kind of pandemic without understanding the viral infection and replication mechanisms. It is essential to comprehend replications of the viral genome, including RNA polymerization and the final capping process. The mRNAs of SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses are protected at their 5'-ends by cap structure. The cap-like system plays a significant role in viral translational process, viral RNA stability, and scatting in detecting innate immune recognition in host cells. Two coronavirus enzymes, Nsp14 and Nsp16, critically help in the formation of capping and are considered as potential drug targets for antiviral therapy. Natural and herbal medicines have a past record of treating various acute respiratory diseases. In this work, we have exploited 56000 natural compounds to screen potential inhibitors against NSP16. In silico virtual screening, docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed to understand how these potential inhibitors are bound to NSP16. We observed that the most highly screened compound binds to protein molecules with a high dock score, primarily through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, as previously reported for NSP16. Compound-13 (2-hydroxy-N-({1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]piperidin-3-yl}methyl)-5-methylbenzamide) and compound-51 (N-(2-isobutoxybenzyl)-N,2-dimethyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide) occupied in active site along with good pharmokinetices properties. In conclusion, the selected compounds could be used as a novel therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anik Roy
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Rawat
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Alok
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Biswas
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (IGIMS), Patna, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Niemann B, Puleo A, Stout C, Markel J, Boone BA. Biologic Functions of Hydroxychloroquine in Disease: From COVID-19 to Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122551. [PMID: 36559044 PMCID: PMC9787624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), initially utilized in the treatment of malaria, have now developed a long list of applications. Despite their clinical relevance, their mechanisms of action are not clearly defined. Major pathways by which these agents are proposed to function include alkalinization of lysosomes and endosomes, downregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression, high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) inhibition, alteration of intracellular calcium, and prevention of thrombus formation. However, there is conflicting data present in the literature. This is likely the result of the complex overlapping pathways between these mechanisms of action that have not previously been highlighted. In fact, prior research has focused on very specific portions of particular pathways without describing these in the context of the extensive CQ/HCQ literature. This review summarizes the detailed data regarding CQ/HCQ's mechanisms of action while also providing insight into the overarching themes. Furthermore, this review provides clinical context to the application of these diverse drugs including their role in malaria, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, thrombus formation, malignancies, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney Niemann
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-1254
| | - Amanda Puleo
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Conley Stout
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Justin Markel
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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15
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Taibe NS, Kord MA, Badawy MA, Shytaj IL, Elhefnawi MM. Progress, pitfalls, and path forward of drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666221132736. [PMID: 36282077 PMCID: PMC9597285 DOI: 10.1177/17534666221132736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic a public health emergency of international concern. The viral outbreak led in turn to an exponential growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, that is, a multiorgan disease that has led to more than 6.3 million deaths worldwide, as of June 2022. There are currently few effective drugs approved for treatment of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 patients. Many of the compounds tested so far have been selected through a drug repurposing approach, that is, by identifying novel indications for drugs already approved for other conditions. We here present an up-to-date review of the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussing their mechanism of action and their most important preclinical and clinical results. Reviewed compounds were chosen to privilege those that have been approved for use in SARS-CoV-2 patients or that have completed phase III clinical trials. Moreover, we also summarize the evidence on some novel and promising repurposed drugs in the pipeline. Finally, we discuss the current stage and possible steps toward the development of broadly effective drug combinations to suppress the onset or progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Samir Taibe
- Biotechnology-Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maimona A. Kord
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Elkhatib WF, Abdelkareem SS, Khalaf WS, Shahin MI, Elfadil D, Alhazmi A, El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS. Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting. Virol J 2022; 19:167. [PMID: 36280866 PMCID: PMC9589879 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of the highly lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-2) as corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) reminded us of the history of other pandemics that happened in the last century (Spanish flu) and stayed in the current century, which include Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome (SARS), Middle-East-Respiratory-Syndrome (MERS), Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19). We review in this report the newest findings and data on the origin of pandemic respiratory viral diseases, reservoirs, and transmission modes. We analyzed viral adaption needed for host switch and determinants of pathogenicity, causative factors of pandemic viruses, and symptoms and clinical manifestations. After that, we concluded the host factors associated with pandemics morbidity and mortality (immune responses and immunopathology, ages, and effect of pandemics on pregnancy). Additionally, we focused on the burdens of COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (quarantine, mass gatherings, facemasks, and hygiene), and medical interventions (antiviral therapies and vaccines). Finally, we investigated the nanotechnology between COVID-19 analysis and immune system boosting (Nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial NPs as antivirals and immune cytokines). This review presents insights about using nanomaterials to treat COVID-19, improve the bioavailability of the abused drugs, diminish their toxicity, and improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Shereen S Abdelkareem
- Department of Alumni, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona I Shahin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Tymaa, Tabuk University, Tymaa, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dounia Elfadil
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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17
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Strömich L, Wu N, Barahona M, Yaliraki SN. Allosteric Hotspots in the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167748. [PMID: 35843284 PMCID: PMC9288249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is of great interest in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the virus. Most efforts have been centred on inhibiting the binding site of the enzyme. However, considering allosteric sites, distant from the active or orthosteric site, broadens the search space for drug candidates and confers the advantages of allosteric drug targeting. Here, we report the allosteric communication pathways in the main protease dimer by using two novel fully atomistic graph-theoretical methods: Bond-to-bond propensity, which has been previously successful in identifying allosteric sites in extensive benchmark data sets without a priori knowledge, and Markov transient analysis, which has previously aided in finding novel drug targets in catalytic protein families. Using statistical bootstrapping, we score the highest ranking sites against random sites at similar distances, and we identify four statistically significant putative allosteric sites as good candidates for alternative drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Strömich
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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18
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A systemic review on liquid crystals, nanoformulations and its application for detection and treatment of SARS - CoV- 2 (COVID - 19). J Mol Liq 2022; 362:119795. [PMID: 35832289 PMCID: PMC9265145 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has instigated major health problems and prompted WHO to proclaim a worldwide medical emergency. The knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 fundamental structure, aetiology, its entrance mechanism, membrane hijacking and immune response against the virus, are important parameters to develop effective vaccines and medicines. Liquid crystals integrated nano-techniques and various nanoformulations were applied to tackle the severity of the virus. It was reported that nanoformulations have helped to enhance the effectiveness of presently accessible antiviral medicines or to elicit a fast immunological response against COVID-19 virus. Applications of liquid crystals, nanostructures, nanoformulations and nanotechnology in diagnosis, prevention, treatment and tailored vaccine administration against COVID-19 which will help in establishing the framework for a successful pandemic combat are reviewed. This review also focuses on limitations associated with liquid crystal-nanotechnology based systems and suggests the possible ways to address these limitations. Also, topical advancements in the ground of liquid crystals and nanostructures established diagnostics (nanosensor/biosensor) are discussed in detail.
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19
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Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
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20
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Mohammed AO, Abo-Idrees MI, Makki AA, Ibraheem W, Alzain AA. Drug repurposing against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking, MM-GBSA calculations and molecular dynamics. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1553-1567. [PMID: 35789829 PMCID: PMC9243907 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
A virus called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causing organism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has severely affected human life and threatened public health. The pandemic took millions of lives worldwide and caused serious negative effects on human society and the economy. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are interesting targets due to their crucial role in viral replication and growth. Since there is only one approved therapy for COVID-19, drug repurposing is a promising approach to finding molecules with potential activity against COVID-19 in a short time and at minimal cost. In this study, virtual screening was performed on the ChEMBL library containing 9923 FDA-approved drugs, using various docking filters with different accuracy. The best drugs with the highest docking scores were further examined for molecular dynamics (MD) studies and MM-GBSA calculations. The results of this study suggest that nadide, cangrelor and denufosol are promising potential candidates against COVID-19. Further in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies of these candidates would help to discover safe and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
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21
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Acharya A, Kutateladze TG, Byrareddy SN. Combining antiviral drugs with BET inhibitors is beneficial in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infection. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL DISCOVERY 2022; 2:e66. [PMID: 35633739 PMCID: PMC9137278 DOI: 10.1002/ctd2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 500 million cases and 6 million deaths. Several antiviral therapies and vaccines have been developed to mitigate the spread of this infection. However, new approaches are required to battle emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants containing mutations that can reduce the vaccines' efficacy. The use of a combination of viral drugs with inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathways has emerged as one of the promising novel approaches. We recently showed that SF2523, a dual activity small molecule that inhibits PI3K and BRD4, acts synergistically with the antiviral drugs remdesivir and MU-UNMC-2. Our findings suggest that the mTOR pathways are necessary for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in human cells and targeting PI3K/BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins) alone or combined with antiviral therapies is beneficial in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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22
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Cheng X, Cao Q, Liao SS. An overview of literature on COVID-19, MERS and SARS: Using text mining and latent Dirichlet allocation. J Inf Sci 2022; 48:304-320. [PMID: 38603038 PMCID: PMC7464068 DOI: 10.1177/0165551520954674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 is one of the most serious global threats to public health in this century. During this crisis, specialists in information science could play key roles to support the efforts of scientists in the health and medical community for combatting COVID-19. In this article, we demonstrate that information specialists can support health and medical community by applying text mining technique with latent Dirichlet allocation procedure to perform an overview of a mass of coronavirus literature. This overview presents the generic research themes of the coronavirus diseases: COVID-19, MERS and SARS, reveals the representative literature per main research theme and displays a network visualisation to explore the overlapping, similarity and difference among these themes. The overview can help the health and medical communities to extract useful information and interrelationships from coronavirus-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cheng
- Business School, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong, China
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23
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Juneja M, Suthar T, Pardhi VP, Ahmad J, Jain K. Emerging trends and promises of nanoemulsions in therapeutics of infectious diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:793-812. [PMID: 35587031 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are prevalent and have contributed to high morbidity rates by creating havoc like the COVID-19, 1918 influenza and Black Death (the plague) pandemics. Antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, the emergence of co-infections and the high cost of antimicrobial therapies are major threats to the health of people worldwide while impacting overall healthcare and socioeconomic development. One of the most common ways to address this issue lies in improving existing antimicrobial drug-delivery systems. Nanoemulsions and their modified forms have been successfully employed for the delivery of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases. In this article, the authors comprehensively reviewed how nanoemulsion-based formulation systems are shifting the paradigm for therapeutics and diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Juneja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Teeja Suthar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Vishwas P Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keerti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
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24
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Alavizadeh SH, Doagooyan M, Zahedipour F, Torghabe SY, Baharieh B, Soleymani F, Gheybi F. Antisense technology as a potential strategy for the treatment of coronaviruses infection: With focus on COVID-19. IET Nanobiotechnol 2022; 16:67-77. [PMID: 35274474 PMCID: PMC9007150 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 and the increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 infections all over the world, researchers are struggling to investigate effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this infection. Targeting viral small molecules that are involved in the process of infection is a promising strategy. Since many host factors are also used by SARS-CoV-2 during various stages of infection, down-regulating or silencing these factors can serve as an effective therapeutic tool. Several nucleic acid-based technologies including short interfering RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, DNAzymes, and ribozymes have been suggested for the control of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other respiratory viruses. The antisense technology also plays an indispensable role in the treatment of many other diseases including cancer, influenza, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarised the potential applications of antisense technology for the treatment of coronaviruses and specifically COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmaceutical NanotechnologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Maham Doagooyan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and NanotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Molecular MedicineBiotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and NanotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Shima Yahoo Torghabe
- Department of Basic SciencesSari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
| | - Bahare Baharieh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and NanotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Firooze Soleymani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and NanotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Fatemeh Gheybi
- Nanotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and NanotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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25
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Al-Otaibi JS, Mary YS, Mary S, Trivedi R, Chakraborty B, Yadav R, Celik I, Soman S. DFT and MD investigations of the biomolecules of phenothiazine derivatives: interactions with gold and water molecules and investigations in search of effective drug for SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35470781 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2068649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical analyses of two phenothiazine derivatives, 10-[3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl]phenothiazine-2-carbonitrile (CYM) and 2-[4-[3-(2-chlorophenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol (PAZ) are reported using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Spectroscopic studies, different electronic and chemical parameters are predicted. Red and yellow in electrostatic potential plot is in rings and oxygen atom in PAZ and C≡N and rings in CYM are sensitive to nucleophilic attacks. The blue in hydrogen atoms refer to electrophilic attack in both PAZ and CYM. Stability of the protein-ligand complex formed with these derivatives and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was investigated using MD simulation. Radius of gyration of C-alpha atom of 6VW1 displayed the conformational convergence toward a compact structure leading to stable 6VW1-ligand complex which are also in agreement with root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values. Localized area predicts reactive sites for Au and H2O molecules interaction with these compounds for further practical applications. Charge density is localized on both molecules and also tries to move toward Au-Au dimer and water molecule and such they are expected to contribute to the sensing performance. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ravi Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sreejit Soman
- Stemskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, Hariyana, India
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26
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Walbi IA, Albarqi HA, Alghanim NS, Albadi MA, Al Maimouni HM, Alkahtani SA, Alshabi AM, Alali AS, Alqahtani F, Al-Najjar AH, Hazzazi MA, Alanazi DS, Sabei AA, Alsaweed OS, Alajra RK, Alqhtani H. Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221090363. [PMID: 35387504 PMCID: PMC8998490 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of its reported anti-viral activity. This study examined the association of chronic HCQ use with the incidence and complications of COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus who visited rheumatology clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2019 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups based on HCQ use. Data were obtained from the electronic health record and by interviews with patients. The primary study objective was the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications from March 2020 to February 2021. Results Almost 11% of the study cohort was positive for COVID-19, and the incidence of COVID-19 was similar between HCQ users (11.11%) and nonusers (10.86%). Disease complication rates were similar in the study arms, and they mainly included fever, dry cough, fatigue, and breathing difficulty. Conclusions This study revealed no significant association between chronic HCQ use and the incidence of COVID-19, and disease complications were similar in the study arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A Walbi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Albarqi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayef Saleh Alghanim
- Consultant, Rheumatology Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzooq Abdullah Albadi
- Consultant internist and rheumatologist, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Mohammed Al Maimouni
- Consultant, Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Assistant Professor of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mohamed Alshabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer S Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hassan Al-Najjar
- Drug & Poison Information Center Supervisor, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Hazzazi
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Vitreoretinal Division, Department of Vitreoretinal, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deemah S Alanazi
- Senior Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Sabei
- Senior Registrar, Ministry of Health, First Health cluster, Western Riyadh Dental Complex, Periodontic Division, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer S Alsaweed
- Laboratory Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf K Alajra
- Laboratory Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alqhtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Yang C, Qiu X, Fan H, Jiang M, Lao X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z. Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:243-251. [PMID: 32316751 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1747602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xue Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Haoran Fan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Mei Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Lao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi MedicalUniversity, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yukeng Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
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28
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Quan Y, Li L, Yin Z, Chen S, Yi J, Lang J, Zhang L, Yue Q, Zhao J. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae as a Respiratory Medicine: Is There a Potential Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:784335. [PMID: 35126123 PMCID: PMC8811224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae (BFC) is one of the most used Chinese medicines for lung disease, and exerts antitussive, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, and antioxidant effects, which is an ideal therapeutic drug for respiratory diseases such as ARDS, COPD, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Through this review, it is found that the therapeutic mechanism of BFC on respiratory diseases exhibits the characteristics of multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-signaling pathways. In particular, the therapeutic potential of BFC in terms of intervention of “cytokine storm”, STAT, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that ACE is involved in. In the “cytokine storm” of SARS-CoV-2 infection there is an intense inflammatory response. ACE2 regulates the RAS by degradation of Ang II produced by ACE, which is associated with SARS-CoV-2. For COVID-19, may it be a potential drug? This review summarized the research progress of BFC in the respiratory diseases, discussed the development potentiality of BFC for the treatment of COVID-19, explained the chemical diversity and biological significance of the alkaloids in BFC, and clarified the material basis, molecular targets, and signaling pathways of BFC for the respiratory diseases. We hope this review can provide insights on the drug discovery of anti-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Quan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhujun Yin
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirui Lang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhua Yue
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junning Zhao,
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Sahoo BM, Bhattamisra SK, Das S, Tiwari A, Tiwari V, Kumar M, Singh S. Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging Tool for Accelerating Drug Research. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e170122200314. [PMID: 35040405 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220117161308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug discovery and development process is an expensive, complex, time-consuming and risky. There are different techniques involved in the drug development process which include random screening, computational approach, molecular manipulation and serendipitous research. Among these methods, the computational approach is considered as an efficient strategy to accelerate and economize the drug discovery process. OBJECTIVE This approach is mainly applied in various phases of drug discovery process including target identification, target validation, lead identification and lead optimization. Due to increase in the availability of information regarding various biological targets of different disease states, computational approaches such as molecular docking, de novo design, molecular similarity calculation, virtual screening, pharmacophore-based modeling and pharmacophore mapping have been applied extensively. METHODS Various drug molecules can be designed by applying computational tools to explore the drug candidates for treatment of Coronavirus infection. The world health organization has announced the novel corona virus disease as COVID-19 and declared it as pandemic globally on 11 February 2020. So, it is thought of interest to scientific community to apply computational methods to design and optimize the pharmacological properties of various clinically available and FDA approved drugs such as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ritonavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, carfilzomib, baraticinib, prulifloxacin, etc for effective treatment of COVID-19 infection. RESULTS Further, various survey reports suggest that the extensive studies are carried out by various research communities to find out the safety and efficacy profile of these drug candidates. CONCLUSION This review is focused on the study of various aspects of these drugs related to their target sites on virus, binding interactions, physicochemical properties etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa Mohan Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760010, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Jagannathpur, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarita Das
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur- 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Devasthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur-263148, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- Devasthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur, Rudrapur-263148, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala-133207, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Shri Sai College of Pharmacy, Handia, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 221503, India
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30
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Taechangam N, Kol A, Arzi B, Borjesson DL. Multipotent Stromal Cells and Viral Interaction: Current Implications for Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:214-227. [PMID: 34347271 PMCID: PMC8335712 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in therapy for their immunomodulatory properties, but their usage in infectious viral diseases is less explored. This review aimed to collate the current novel use of MSCs in virus-associated conditions, including MSC's susceptibility to virus infection, antiviral properties of MSCs and their effects on cell-based immune response and implementation of MSC therapy in animal models and human clinical trials of viral diseases. Recent discoveries shed lights on MSC's capability in suppressing viral replication and augmenting clearance through enhancement of antiviral immunity. MSC therapy may maintain a crucial balance between aiding pathogen clearance and suppressing hyperactive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopmanee Taechangam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Dori L. Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
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31
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McKee KA, Crocker CE, Tibbo PG. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) prescribing trends during COVID-19 restrictions in Canada: a retrospective observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:633. [PMID: 34930204 PMCID: PMC8687150 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on how mental health services are delivered to patients throughout Canada. The reduction of in-person healthcare services have created unique challenges for individuals with psychotic disorders that require regular clinic visits to administer and monitor long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications. METHODS To better understand how LAI usage was impacted, national and provincial patient-level longitudinal prescribing data from Canadian retail pharmacies were used to examine LAI prescribing practices during the pandemic. Prescribing data on new starts of medication, discontinuations of medications, switches between medications, antipsychotic name, concomitant medications, payer plan, gender and age were collected from January 2019 to December 2020 for individuals ≥18-years of age, and examined by month, as well as by distinct pandemic related epochs characterized by varying degrees of public awareness, incidence of COVID-19 infections and public health restrictions. RESULTS National, and provincial level data revealed that rates of LAI prescribing including new starts, discontinuations and switches between LAI products remained highly stable (i.e., no statistically significant differences) throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Equal numbers of LAI new starts and discontinuations prior to and during the pandemic suggests prescribing of LAI antipsychotics, for those already in care, continued unchanged throughout the pandemic. The observed consistency of LAI prescribing contrasts with other areas of healthcare, such as cardiovascular and diabetes care, which experienced decreases in medication prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. McKee
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Candice E. Crocker
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2 Canada ,grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Philip G. Tibbo
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2E2 Canada
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Ahmad B, Ul Hassan N, Sehar B, Zeb F, E Nayab D, Siddiqui FA. Effect of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19. Clin Med Res 2021; 19:179-182. [PMID: 34933950 PMCID: PMC8691430 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2021.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) having mild to moderate symptoms.Methods: This blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from June 1-15, 2020. A total of 150 hospitalized patients were enrolled after diagnoses with COVID-19 through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were divided into three groups: hydroxychloroquine plus general care (HGC, n=50), chloroquine plus general care (CGC, n=50); and only general care (OGC, n=50). The HGC group received treatment with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg every 12 hours for day one and 200 mg for the next 4 days. The CGC group received treatment with chloroquine 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days. The OGC group was kept as a control with only general care. After 12 days, the patients were screened for development of CRS through detection of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum samples by using Roche cobas e411 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.Results: The mean duration from onset of symptoms to randomization was 7.65 days (SD = 3.287 days; range, 2-15 days). The mean age of patients was 37.57 (range 19-63) years. Results showed that out of a total 150 patients, only 10 patients (6%, mean=1.93; CI=1.89-1.97, P=0.651) developed CRS in all study groups. Four patients (8%) developed CRS in the HGC group, 2 patients (4%) in the CGC group, and 4 patients (8%) in the OGC group. There was no significant difference in the mean level of CRS among study groups.Conclusion: Administration of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine has no effect in reducing the development of CRS in patients with COVID-19 having mild to moderate symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi-Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ul Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi-Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Public Health, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi-Pakistan
| | - Falak Zeb
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi-Pakistan
| | - Dur E Nayab
- Department of Paediatrics, Medic Hospital Rawalpindi
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Javelot H, Straczek C, Meyer G, Gitahy Falcao Faria C, Weiner L, Drapier D, Fakra E, Fossati P, Weibel S, Dizet S, Langrée B, Masson M, Gaillard R, Leboyer M, Llorca PM, Hingray C, Haffen E, Yrondi A. Psychotropics and COVID-19: An analysis of safety and prophylaxis. L'ENCEPHALE 2021; 47:564-588. [PMID: 34548153 PMCID: PMC8410507 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychotropics during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised two questions, in order of importance: first, what changes should be made to pharmacological treatments prescribed to mental health patients? Secondly, are there any positive side effects of these substances against SARS-CoV-2? Our aim was to analyze usage safety of psychotropics during COVID-19; therefore, herein, we have studied: (i) the risk of symptomatic complications of COVID-19 associated with the use of these drugs, notably central nervous system activity depression, QTc interval enlargement and infectious and thromboembolic complications; (ii) the risk of mistaking the iatrogenic impact of psychotropics with COVID-19 symptoms, causing diagnostic error. Moreover, we provided a summary of the different information available today for these risks, categorized by mental health disorder, for the following: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, ADHD, sleep disorders and suicidal risk. The matter of psychoactive substance use during the pandemic is also analyzed in this paper, and guideline websites and publications for psychotropic treatments in the context of COVID-19 are referenced during the text, so that changes on those guidelines and eventual interaction between psychotropics and COVID-19 treatment medication can be reported and studied. Finally, we also provide a literature review of the latest known antiviral properties of psychotropics against SARS-CoV-2 as complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Javelot
- Établissement public de santé Alsace Nord, 141, avenue Strasbourg, 67170 Brumath, France; Laboratoire de toxicologie et pharmacologie neuro cardiovasculaire, centre de recherche en biomédecine de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Eugène-Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Straczek
- Département de pharmacie, CHU d'Henri-Mondor, université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, 1, rue Gustave-Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France; Inserm U955, institut Mondor de recherche biomédical, neuropsychiatrie translationnelle, 8, rue du Général-Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - G Meyer
- Service pharmacie, établissement public de santé Alsace Nord, 141, avenue Strasbourg, 67170 Brumath, France; Service pharmacie, CHU de Strasbourg, 1, porte de L'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Gitahy Falcao Faria
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), avenue Pedro-Calmon, 550 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Weiner
- Clinique de psychiatrie, hôpitaux universitaire de Strasbourg, 1, porte de L'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Drapier
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie adulte, centre hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, rue du Moulin-de-Joué, 35700 Rennes, France; EA 4712, comportements et noyaux gris centraux, université de Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Professeur Léon-Bernard, CS 34317, campus santé de Villejean, 35043 Rennes cedex, France
| | - E Fakra
- Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 37, rue Michelet, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - P Fossati
- Inserm U1127, ICM, service de psychiatrie adultes, groupe hospitalier pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Weibel
- Clinique de psychiatrie, hôpitaux universitaire de Strasbourg, 1, porte de L'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Dizet
- Centre de ressources et d'expertise en psychopharmacologie (CREPP) Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Chalon-sur-Saône, France; Service Pharmacie, CHS de Sevrey, 55, rue Auguste-Champio, 71100 Sevrey, France
| | - B Langrée
- Service pharmacie, centre hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, rue du Moulin-de-Joué, 35700 Rennes, France; Clinique du Château de Garches, Nightingale Hospitals-Paris, 11, bis rue de la Porte-Jaune, 92380 Garches, France
| | - M Masson
- SHU, GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; GHU psychiatrie et neurosciences, université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Gaillard
- Conseil national des universités (CNU), 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - M Leboyer
- Inserm, DMU IMPACT, IMRB, translational neuropsychiatry, fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, 40, rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France; CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P M Llorca
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1, rue Lucie- et Raymond-Aubrac, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, 1, rue Docteur Archambault, 54520 Laxou, France
| | - C Hingray
- Département de neurologie, CHU de Nancy, 25, rue Lionnois, 54000 Nancy, France; CIC-1431 Inserm, service de psychiatrie, CHU de Besançon, 3, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - E Haffen
- Laboratoire de neurosciences, université de Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise-Paré, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - A Yrondi
- Unité ToNIC, UMR 1214 CHU Purpan-Pavillon Baudot, place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France
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Gul S, Ozcan O, Asar S, Okyar A, Barıs I, Kavakli IH. In silico identification of widely used and well-tolerated drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors for direct use in clinical trials. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:6772-6791. [PMID: 32752938 PMCID: PMC7484590 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite strict measures taken by many countries, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be an issue of global concern. Currently, there are no clinically proven pharmacotherapies for coronavirus disease 2019, despite promising initial results obtained from drugs such as azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Therefore, the repurposing of clinically approved drugs for use against SARS-CoV-2 has become a viable strategy. Here, we searched for drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by in silico screening of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved drug library. Well-tolerated and widely used drugs were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate drug-protein interactions and their persistence under physiological conditions. Tetracycline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, dutasteride, nelfinavir, and paliperidone formed stable interactions with 3CLpro based on MD simulation results. Similar analysis with RdRp showed that eltrombopag, tipranavir, ergotamine, and conivaptan bound to the enzyme with high binding free energies. Docking results suggest that ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, bromocriptine, dutasteride, conivaptan, paliperidone, and tipranavir can bind to both enzymes with high affinity. As these drugs are well tolerated, cost-effective, and widely used, our study suggests that they could potentially to be used in clinical trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Asar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Barıs
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Siddiqui AJ, Jahan S, Ashraf SA, Alreshidi M, Ashraf MS, Patel M, Snoussi M, Singh R, Adnan M. Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:6828-6841. [PMID: 32752944 PMCID: PMC7484586 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spread of new coronavirus infection starting December 2019 as novel SARS-CoV-2, identified as the causing agent of COVID-19, has affected all over the world and been declared as pandemic. Approximately, more than 8,807,398 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and 464,483 deaths have been reported globally till the end of 21 June 2020. Until now, there is no specific drug therapy or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19. However, some potential antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, antifilarial drug ivermectin and antiviral drugs have been tested by many research groups worldwide for their possible effect against the COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin have been identified to act by creating the acidic condition in cells and inhibiting the importin (IMPα/β1) mediated viral import. There is a possibility that some other antimalarial drugs/antibiotics in combination with immunomodulators may help in combatting this pandemic disease. Therefore, this review focuses on the current use of various drugs as single agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, umifenovir, teicoplanin, nitazoxanide, doxycycline, and dexamethasone) or in combinations with immunomodulators additionally. Furthermore, possible mode of action, efficacy and current stage of clinical trials of various drug combinations against COVID-19 disease has also been discussed in detail.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saquib Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Al Dawadimi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Ameen F, Mamidala E, Davella R, Vallala S. Rilpivirine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 protein targets: A potential multi-target drug. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1454-1460. [PMID: 34326009 PMCID: PMC8294774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is lacking efficient medication although certain medications are used to relief its symptoms. OBJECTIVES We tested an FDA-approved antiviral medication namely rilpivirine to find a drug against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS The inhibition of rilpivirine against multiple SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets was studied using in silico method. The binding attraction of the protein-ligand complexes were calculated using molecular docking analysis. RESULTS Docking rilpivirine with main protease (Mpro), papin like protease (PLpro), sprike protein (Spro), human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), and RNA dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) yielded binding energies of -8.07, -8.40, -7.55, -9.11, and -8.69 kcal/mol, respectively. The electrostatic interaction is the key force in stabilizing the RdRp-rilpivirine complex, while van der Waals interaction dominates in the ACE2 rilpivirine case. Our findings suggest that rilpivirine can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting not only ACE2, but also RdRp and other targets, and therefore, it can be used to invoke altered mechanisms at the pre-entry and post-entry phases. CONCLUSION As a result of our in silico molecular docking study, we suggest that rilpivirine is a compound that could act as a powerful inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 targets. Although in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to verify this prediction we believe that this antiviral drug may be used in preclinical trials to fight against SARS coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Estari Mamidala
- Infectious Diseases Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506 009 TS, India
| | - Rakesh Davella
- Infectious Diseases Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506 009 TS, India
| | - Shravan Vallala
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Talwar D, Kumar S, Acharya S, Hulkoti V, Annadatha A. Sirolimus in a Renal Transplant Recipient Infected With COVID-19: A Blessing in Disguise? Cureus 2021; 13:e17102. [PMID: 34527488 PMCID: PMC8432414 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised status Is often associated with severe coronavirus infection given the inability of the immune system to combat the deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with multiple comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease along with patients on immunosuppressants or chemotherapy are at higher risk of getting infected during the ongoing pandemic with more probability of adverse outcomes. However, we report a rare case of a renal transplant recipient who was on sirolimus and contracted coronavirus disease (COVID-19). His immunosuppressants were continued and he was managed with antiviral, steroids and low molecular weight heparin and the patient responded well to the treatment and recovered completely after a span of one week. Use of sirolimus in a patient with renal transplant recipient helped in preventing intensification of the severity in COVID-19 attributing to its inhibiting effect on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which he was using post his renal transplant, therefore, proving to be a blessing in disguise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Vidyashree Hulkoti
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Akhilesh Annadatha
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Fuzimoto AD. An overview of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of Artemisia annua, its antiviral action, protein-associated mechanisms, and repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:375-388. [PMID: 34479848 PMCID: PMC8378675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia annua and its phytocompounds have a rich history in the research and treatment of malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other diseases. Currently, the World Health Organization recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment for multi-drug-resistant malaria. Due to the various research articles on the use of antimalarial drugs to treat coronaviruses, a question is raised: would A. annua and its compounds provide anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) properties? PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles that investigated the antiviral effects and mechanisms of A. annua and its phytochemicals against SARS-CoVs. Particularly, articles that evidenced the herb’s role in inhibiting the coronavirus-host proteins were favored. Nineteen studies were retrieved. From these, fourteen in silico molecular docking studies demonstrated potential inhibitory properties of artemisinins against coronavirus-host proteins including 3CLPRO, S protein, N protein, E protein, cathepsin-L, helicase protein, nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3), nsp10, nsp14, nsp15, and glucose-regulated protein 78 receptor. Collectively, A. annua constituents may impede the SARS-CoV-2 attachment, membrane fusion, internalization into the host cells, and hinder the viral replication and transcription process. This is the first comprehensive overview of the application of compounds from A. annua against SARS-CoV-2/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) describing all target proteins. A. annua’s biological properties, the signaling pathways implicated in the COVID-19, and the advantages and disadvantages for repurposing A. annua compounds are discussed. The combination of A. annua’s biological properties, action on different signaling pathways and target proteins, and a multi-drug combined-therapy approach may synergistically inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and assist in the COVID-19 treatment. Also, A. annua may modulate the host immune response to better fight the infection.
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Dowarah J, Marak BN, Yadav UCS, Singh VP. Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105016. [PMID: 34144277 PMCID: PMC8143914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became controversial as they showed mixed clinical outcomes. In the present article, we have brought together some of the candidate therapeutic drugs being repurposed or used in the clinical trials and discussed their clinical efficacy and safety for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Brilliant N Marak
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India; Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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40
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Hanna J, Tipparaju P, Mulherkar T, Lin E, Mischley V, Kulkarni R, Bolton A, Byrareddy SN, Jain P. Risk Factors Associated with the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 and Its Variants in the Context of Cytokine Storm and Therapeutics/Vaccine Development Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:938. [PMID: 34452063 PMCID: PMC8402745 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent appearance of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has brought to light the importance of understanding this highly pathogenic agent to prevent future pandemics. This virus is from the same single-stranded positive-sense RNA family, Coronaviridae, as two other epidemic-causing viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. During this pandemic, one crucial focus highlighted by WHO has been to understand the risk factors that may contribute to disease severity and predict COVID-19 outcomes. In doing so, it is imperative to understand the virology of SARS-CoV-2 and the immunological response eliciting the clinical manifestation and progression of COVID-19. In this review, we provide clinical data-based analyses of how multiple risk factors (such as sex, race, HLA genotypes, blood groups, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, smoking, and asthma) contribute to the inflammatory overactivation and cytokine storm (frequently seen in COVID-19 patients) with a focus on the IL-6 pathway. We also draw comparisons to the virulence and pathophysiology of SARS and MERS to establish parallels in immune response and discuss the potential for therapeutic approaches that may limit disease progression in patients with higher risk profiles than others. Moreover, we cover the latest information on approved or upcoming COVID-19 vaccines. This paper also provides perspective on emerging variants and associated opportunistic infections such as black molds and fungus that have added to mortality in some parts of the world, such as India. This compilation of existing COVID-19 studies and data will provide an excellent referencing tool for the research, clinical, and public health communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hanna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Padmavathi Tipparaju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Tania Mulherkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Edward Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Victoria Mischley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Aliyah Bolton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.H.); (P.T.); (T.M.); (E.L.); (V.M.); (R.K.); (A.B.)
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41
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Chatterjee S, Mishra S, Chowdhury KD, Ghosh CK, Saha KD. Various theranostics and immunization strategies based on nanotechnology against Covid-19 pandemic: An interdisciplinary view. Life Sci 2021; 278:119580. [PMID: 33991549 PMCID: PMC8114615 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is still a major risk to human civilization. Besides the global immunization policy, more than five lac new cases are documented everyday. Some countries newly implement partial/complete nationwid lockdown to mitigate recurrent community spreading. To avoid the new modified stain of SARS-CoV-2 spreading, some countries imposed any restriction on the movement of the citizens within or outside the country. Effective economical point of care diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is vigorously required to mitigate viral spread. Besides struggling with repurposed medicines, new engineered materials with multiple unique efficacies and specific antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection may be fruitful to save more lives. Nanotechnology-based engineering strategy sophisticated medicine with specific, effective and nonhazardous delivery mechanism for available repurposed antivirals as well as remedial for associated diseases due to malfeasance in immuno-system e.g. hypercytokinaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review will talk about gloomy but critical areas for nanoscientists to intervene and will showcase about the different laboratory diagnostic, prognostic strategies and their mode of actions. In addition, we speak about SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, pathogenicity and host specific interation with special emphasis on altered immuno-system and also perceptualized, copious ways to design prophylactic nanomedicines and next-generation vaccines based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Chatterjee
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata-700006, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Kaustav Dutta Chowdhury
- Cyto-genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Ghosh
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Liatsos GD. Controversies’ clarification regarding ribavirin efficacy in measles and coronaviruses: Comprehensive therapeutic approach strictly tailored to COVID-19 disease stages. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:5135-5178. [PMID: 34307564 PMCID: PMC8283580 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum nucleoside antiviral drug with multimodal mechanisms of action, which supports its longevity and quality as a clinical resource. It has been widely administered for measles and coronavirus infections. Despite the large amount of data concerning the use of ribavirin alone or in combination for measles, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, the conclusions of these studies have been contradictory. Underlying reasons for these discrepancies include possible study design inaccuracies and failures and misinterpretations of data, and these potential confounds should be addressed.
AIM To determine the confounding factors of ribavirin treatment studies and propose a therapeutic scheme for COVID-19.
METHODS PubMed database was searched over a period of five decades utilizing the terms “ribavirin” alone or combined with other compounds in measles, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 infections. The literature search was performed and described according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were considered eligible when they reported on ribavirin dose regimens and/or specified outcomes concerning its efficacy and/or possible adverse-effects. In vitro and animal studies were also retrieved. A chapter on ribavirin’s pharmacology was included as well.
RESULTS In addition to the difficulties and pressures of an emerging pandemic, there is the burden of designing and conducting well-organized, double-blind, randomized controlled trials. Many studies have succumbed to specific pitfalls, one of which was identified in naturally ribavirin-resistant Vero cell lines in in vitro studies. Other pitfalls include study design inconsistent with the well-established clinical course of disease; inappropriate pharmacology of applied treatments; and the misinterpretation of study results with misconceived generalizations. A comprehensive treatment for COVID-19 is proposed, documented by thorough, long-term investigation of ribavirin regimens in coronavirus infections.
CONCLUSION A comprehensive treatment strictly tailored to distinct disease stages was proposed based upon studies on ribavirin and coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Liatsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Hippokration" General Hospital, Athens 11527, Attiki, Greece
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Maity S, Saha A. Therapeutic Potential of Exploiting Autophagy Cascade Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675419. [PMID: 34054782 PMCID: PMC8160449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created a worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with nearly 136 million cases and approximately 3 million deaths. Recent studies indicate that like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 also hijacks or usurps various host cell machineries including autophagy for its replication and disease pathogenesis. Double membrane vesicles generated during initiation of autophagy cascade act as a scaffold for the assembly of viral replication complexes and facilitate RNA synthesis. The use of autophagy inhibitors - chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine initially appeared to be as a potential treatment strategy of COVID-19 patients but later remained at the center of debate due to high cytotoxic effects. In the absence of a specific drug or vaccine, there is an urgent need for a safe, potent as well as affordable drug to control the disease spread. Given the intricate connection between autophagy machinery and viral pathogenesis, the question arises whether targeting autophagy pathway might show a path to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review we will discuss about our current knowledge linking autophagy to coronaviruses and how that is being utilized to repurpose autophagy modulators as potential COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhik Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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44
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Geronimo I, Vidossich P, Donati E, Vivo M. Computational investigations of polymerase enzymes: Structure, function, inhibition, and biotechnology. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inacrist Geronimo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Elisa Donati
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
| | - Marco Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genoa Italy
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45
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Khalifa SA, Yosri N, El-Mallah MF, Ghonaim R, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Du M, Khatib A, Xiao J, Saeed A, El-Seedi HH, Zhao C, Efferth T, El-Seedi HR. Screening for natural and derived bio-active compounds in preclinical and clinical studies: One of the frontlines of fighting the coronaviruses pandemic. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 85:153311. [PMID: 33067112 PMCID: PMC7455571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starting December 2019, mankind faced an unprecedented enemy, the COVID-19 virus. The world convened in international efforts, experiences and technologies in order to fight the emerging pandemic. Isolation, hygiene measure, diagnosis, and treatment are the most efficient ways of prevention and intervention nowadays. The health organizations and global care systems screened the available resources and offered recommendations of approved and proposed medications. However, the search for a specific selective therapy or vaccine against COVID-19 remains a challenge. METHODS A literature search was performed for the screening of natural and derived bio-active compounds which showed potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses using published articles, patents, clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) and web databases (PubMed, SCI Finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). RESULTS Through the screening for natural products with antiviral activities against different types of the human coronavirus, extracts of Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.), Gentiana scabra Bunge, Dioscorea batatas Decne., Cassia tora L., Taxillus chinensis (DC.), Cibotium barometz L. and Echinacea purpurea L. showed a promising effect against SARS-CoV. Out of the listed compound Lycorine, emetine dihydrochloride hydrate, pristimerin, harmine, conessine, berbamine, 4`-hydroxychalcone, papaverine, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, monensin sodium, cycloheximide, oligomycin and valinomycin show potent activity against human coronaviruses. Additionally, it is worth noting that some compounds have already moved into clinical trials for their activity against COVID-19 including fingolimod, methylprednisolone, chloroquine, tetrandrine and tocilizumab. CONCLUSION Natural compounds and their derivatives could be used for developing potent therapeutics with significant activity against SARS-COV-2, providing a promising frontline in the fighting against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden A.M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed F. El-Mallah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Reem Ghonaim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia,Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Xu J, Xue Y, Zhou R, Shi PY, Li H, Zhou J. Drug repurposing approach to combating coronavirus: Potential drugs and drug targets. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1375-1426. [PMID: 33277927 PMCID: PMC8044022 DOI: 10.1002/med.21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and, recently, SARS-CoV-2, have caused pandemics of severe acute respiratory diseases with alarming morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of specific anti-CoV therapies, the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great challenge to clinical management and highlights an urgent need for effective interventions. Drug repurposing is a rapid and feasible strategy to identify effective drugs for combating this deadly infection. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic CoV targets, focus on the existing small molecule drugs that have the potential to be repurposed for existing and emerging CoV infections of the future, and discuss the clinical progress of developing small molecule drugs for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Xue
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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47
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Ge Y, Tian T, Huang S, Wan F, Li J, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Hong L, Wu N, Yuan E, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu C, Lei Y, Shu H, Feng X, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Chi Y, Guo X, Cui L, Xiao L, Li Z, Yang C, Miao Z, Chen L, Li H, Zeng H, Zhao D, Zhu F, Shen X, Zeng J. An integrative drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:165. [PMID: 33895786 PMCID: PMC8065335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework, which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph, literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor, CVL218, currently in Phase I clinical trial, may be repurposed to treat COVID-19. Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect. In addition, we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Suling Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping Wan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shuya Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hui Yang
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lixiang Hong
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Yuan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunan Luo
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL USA
| | - Lili Cheng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hantao Shu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
| | - Ziyuan Jiang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Alashan League Organization Establishment Committee Office Electronic Support Center, Alashan, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Ying Chi
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiling Guo
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Liang Xiao
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Li
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Miao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainian Zeng
- grid.508210.eSilexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dan Zhao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- grid.410734.5NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaokun Shen
- grid.507918.2Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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48
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Ge Y, Tian T, Huang S, Wan F, Li J, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Hong L, Wu N, Yuan E, Luo Y, Cheng L, Hu C, Lei Y, Shu H, Feng X, Jiang Z, Wu Y, Chi Y, Guo X, Cui L, Xiao L, Li Z, Yang C, Miao Z, Chen L, Li H, Zeng H, Zhao D, Zhu F, Shen X, Zeng J. An integrative drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:165. [PMID: 33895786 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.11.986836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires an urgent need to find effective therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we developed an integrative drug repositioning framework, which fully takes advantage of machine learning and statistical analysis approaches to systematically integrate and mine large-scale knowledge graph, literature and transcriptome data to discover the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Our in silico screening followed by wet-lab validation indicated that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor, CVL218, currently in Phase I clinical trial, may be repurposed to treat COVID-19. Our in vitro assays revealed that CVL218 can exhibit effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication without obvious cytopathic effect. In addition, we showed that CVL218 can interact with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and is able to suppress the LPS-induced production of several inflammatory cytokines that are highly relevant to the prevention of immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingzhong Tian
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suling Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangping Wan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuya Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lixiang Hong
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Yuan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunan Luo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Lili Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipin Lei
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Shu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Feng
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziyuan Jiang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Alashan League Organization Establishment Committee Office Electronic Support Center, Alashan, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Chi
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainian Zeng
- Silexon AI Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaokun Shen
- Convalife (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Dong Y, Shamsuddin A, Campbell H, Theodoratou E. Current COVID-19 treatments: Rapid review of the literature. J Glob Health 2021; 11:10003. [PMID: 33959261 PMCID: PMC8068411 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide, it has already resulted in over 110 million cases and 2.5 million deaths. Currently, there are no effective COVID-19 treatments, although numerous studies are under way. SARS-CoV-2, however, is not the first coronavirus to cause serious outbreaks. COVID-19 can be compared with previous human coronavirus diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), to better understand the development of treatments. METHODS Databases Medline, Embase and WHO COVID-19 was systematically searched on 9 February 2021 for studies reporting on therapeutic effect of COVID-19 treatments. Clinical trials, case reports, observational studies and systematic reviews in the English language were eligible. RESULTS 1416 studies were identified and 40 studies were included in this review. Therapies included are: remdesivir, convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ ritonavir, interferon, corticosteroids, cytokine storm inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Remdesivir, convalescent plasma and interferon seems to provide some clinical benefits such as faster recovery time and reduced mortality, but these effects are not clinically significant. Some corticosteroids are effective in reducing mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Hydroxychloroquine do not convey any beneficial, and therapies such as cytokine storm inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies were also not effective and require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS There is no single therapy effective against COVID-19. However, a combination of therapies administered at different stages of infection may provide some benefit. This conclusion is reflected in the limited effects of these treatments in previous human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Dong
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Azwa Shamsuddin
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kifle ZD, Enyew EF, Mekuria AB. A Recent Achievement in the Discovery and Development of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents in the Race for COVID-19 Protection and Treatment. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211003727. [PMID: 33761791 PMCID: PMC8743933 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211003727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a big challenge to the healthcare systems in the world. Several researchers in the world have immediately carried out clinical investigations for the discovery of vaccines and drugs. Different studies have shown that antiviral measures including small bioactive compounds targeting multifaceted molecular communications take in COVID-19 infection. The drug development archived in this review emphasizes mainly on drugs that are effective for the Management of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and other RNA viruses. The investigation of therapeutic agents for COVID-19 includes anti-inflammatory agents, antibodies, and nucleic acid-based treatments targeting virus gene expression as well as different sorts of vaccines. Numerous patents revealed techniques of these biologics with the potential for treating and preventing coronavirus infections, which may apply to COVID-19. Phase 3 clinical trials such as Sputnik V, AZD1222, mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad5-nCoV, Anti-COVID antibodies, Kevzara; Actemra, Jakafi; Baricitinib, and some others were undergoing in the race for Covid-19 treatment. However, there's still a lack of a review on vaccines and drugs for COVID-19 management. Therefore, this review summarizes different studies that are ongoing in the race for Covid-19 protection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemene Demelash Kifle
- 362057University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abebe Basazn Mekuria
- 362057University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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