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Ramos-Campo DJ, Rojo-Tirado MÁ, Benito-Peinado PJ. Investigating the impact of exercise type combined with caloric restriction on quality of life-The PRONAF study. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114614. [PMID: 38866299 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of endurance training (E), strength training (S), or combined training (SE), along with caloric restriction diet, compared to only diet and physical activity recommendations (C, control), on the quality of life in individuals with obesity. One hundred and twenty obese participants (61 males), aged 18-50 years, were randomly assigned to the different experimental groups, with ninety-six completing the study. The intervention period spanned 22 weeks (3 times per week). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet, and quality of life was assessed using the SF36 questionnaire before and after the training program. A significant improvement was observed in emotional role following the S (Baseline: 85.06 ± 30.32; Post: 96.00 ± 11.06; p = 0.030) and SE (Baseline: 76.67 ± 35.18; Post: 91.30 ± 22.96; p = 0.010) programs, but not after E (Baseline: 83.33 ± 29.40; Post: 78.26 ± 35.69; p = 0.318) and C (Baseline: 77.01 ± 34.62; Post: 79.37 ± 37.23; p = 0.516). No significant main effect was observed in any other outcome measured. Overall, all groups demonstrated improvements in quality-of-life outcomes. In conclusion, any physical exercise intervention combined with caloric restriction, physical activity recommendations, and nutritional habits resulted in an enhancement of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito-Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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2
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Morava A, Dillon K, Sui W, Alushaj E, Prapavessis H. The effects of acute exercise on stress reactivity assessed via a multidimensional approach: a systematic review. J Behav Med 2024; 47:545-565. [PMID: 38468106 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with numerous deleterious health effects. Accumulating evidence suggests acute exercise reduces stress reactivity. As stressors activate a wide array of psychological and physiological systems it is imperative stress responses are examined through a multidimensional lens. Moreover, it seems prudent to consider whether stress responses are influenced by exercise intervention characteristics such as modality, duration, intensity, timing, as well as participant fitness/physical activity levels. The current review therefore examined the role of acute exercise on stress reactivity through a multidimensional approach, as well as whether exercise intervention characteristics and participant fitness/physical activity levels may moderate these effects. Stress reactivity was assessed via heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, catecholamines, and self-report. A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines of five databases was updated in November 2022. Reviewed studies met the following criteria: English language, participants aged ≥ 18, use of acute exercise, use of a validated stress-inducing task, and assessment(s) of stress reactivity. Thirty-one studies (1386 participants) were included. Acute exercise resulted in reliable reductions to blood pressure and cortisol. Acute exercise yielded mostly negligible effects on heart rate reactivity and negligible effects on self-report measures. As for exercise intervention characteristics, intensity-dependent effects were present, such that higher intensities yielded larger reductions to reactivity measures, while limited evidence was present for duration, modality, and timing-dependent effects. Regarding participant fitness/physical activity levels, the effects on stress reactivity were mixed. Future work should standardize the definitions and assessment time points of stress reactivity, as well as investigate the interaction between physiological and psychological stress responses in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Morava
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Kirsten Dillon
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wuyou Sui
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Erind Alushaj
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Alnemr L, Salama AH, Abdelrazek S, Alfakeer H, Ali Alkhateeb M, Torun P. Prevalence of social anxiety disorder and its associated factors among foreign-born undergraduate students in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003184. [PMID: 39078858 PMCID: PMC11288422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is prevalent among university students, yet data on its severity among foreign-born international undergraduate students in Türkiye remains limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors within this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a Google Form survey distributed across various universities from September 17, 2023, to February 1, 2024. The survey comprised two sections: sociodemographic information and 17 items of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), which measures the frequency and intensity of social anxiety symptoms. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, multiple regression, and binomial logistic regression. Out of 506 participants, 455 were included in the study. Results revealed that 39.1% exhibited no or very mild symptoms of SAD, while 23.7% experienced mild symptoms, 21.3% faced moderate symptoms, and 11.6% and 4.2% presented with severe to very severe symptoms, respectively. Factors such as gender (p < 0.0001), previous academic failures (p = 0.013), family history of mental health issues (p = 0.009), exercise frequency (p < 0.0001), and perceptions of relationships with classmates (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with SAD. Females showed a higher probability of SAD compared to males (OR = 1.976). Individuals engaging in over 90 minutes of exercise per week were less likely to have SAD (OR = 0.383), and occasional smokers had a lower risk of SAD compared to non-smokers (OR = 0.422). Our study uncovered a notably elevated prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) among foreign-born undergraduate students in Türkiye. Factors such as being female, having a family history of mental illnesses, studying in a stressful environment, experiencing academic failure, and engaging in less frequent exercise were associated with noticeable symptoms of SAD. These findings emphasize the urgent need for heightened efforts in recognizing and addressing SAD within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Alnemr
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Abdelaziz H. Salama
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salma Abdelrazek
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hussein Alfakeer
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mohamed Ali Alkhateeb
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public Health, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Motohiro A, Shiratsuchi D, Isomura M. Association between different types of physical activity and occupational stress in Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2024; 62:227-236. [PMID: 38233117 PMCID: PMC11292311 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between different types of physical activity (PA) and occupational psychological and physical stress responses among workers in Japan. Stress responses were assessed using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Work-related PA (time spent sitting, sitting bouts, standing, walking, engaging in heavy labor, and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and exercise-based PA (frequencies [times/week] of flexibility and muscle-strengthening activity, and walking) were measured using a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between each type of PA and stress responses. Participants who engaged in >108 min/day of work-related MVPA exhibited a statistically significant association with higher psychological stress responses when compared to those who engaged in 0-42 min/day of work-related MVPA. For exercise-based PA, participants who engaged in flexibility activity or walking five or more times/week, or muscle-strengthening activity one to three times/week, demonstrated significantly lower psychological stress responses compared to those who did not exercise. Participants who engaged in flexibility activity five or more times/week demonstrated significantly lower physical stress responses compared to those who did not exercise. This study suggests that work-related MVPA is associated with higher psychological stress responses, while exercise-based PA is associated with lower psychological or physical stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Motohiro
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
- Canvas Inc., Japan
| | - Daijo Shiratsuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Japan
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5
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Manzano-Sánchez D, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, López-Gil JF. Sex-specific associations of muscular fitness with overall academic performance and specific school subjects in adolescents: the EHDLA study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1396163. [PMID: 39100566 PMCID: PMC11294721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overalll, muscular fitness and academic performance are two variables widely studied in the literature. However, evidence on the relationship between muscular fitness and specific school subjects (e.g., physical education), as well as their differences by sex, is scarce. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the associations between muscular fitness and overall academic performance and between muscular fitness and specific subjects (i.e., language, math, foreign language, and physical education) in a sample of secondary Spanish school students. Methods For the present study, a sample of 766 students (45% boys, aged 12-17 years). From the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study was used. The Assessing the Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-FIT) battery was used to determine handgrip strength and lower body muscular strength. The performance of the different school subjects was provided by the school centers. Results Overall, for both boys and girls, higher muscular fitness was associated with greater academic results, with the greatest differences in physical education. However, only significant differences were identified for girls. Discussion and conclusion Global muscular fitness is important for contributing to cognitive development, both in physical education and in the rest of the subjects of the educational curriculum for adolescents. At the same time, although the association appears to follow the same trend for both sexes, the results seem more evident for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manzano-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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Marinelli R, Parker AG, Levinger I, Bourke M, Patten R, Woessner MN. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic training as a treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38710640 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the treatment effect of resistance training in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed for articles published in English from January 1980 to September 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that included at least 4 weeks of resistance training, with participants aged 26 years or younger with clinically elevated anxiety and depression symptoms. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate a pooled effect size of resistance training pre-and post-intervention compared to control groups. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Ten RCTs involving 376 participants (209 females and 127 males) across educational, clinical, and community based setting were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Resistance training was associated with a significant reduction in depressive (Hedge's g = -1.06, 95% CI -1.61 to -0.51, p < .001) and anxiety (Hedge's g = -1.02, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.54, p < .001) symptoms. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the analysis of depression symptoms (I2 = 79%) and anxiety symptoms (I2 = 66%). Six trials had a low risk of bias, four trials showed some concerns. The GRADE analysis demonstrated a high level of certainty for depressive symptoms and a moderate level for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Resistance training is an effective intervention in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people, delivered across a range of settings. Future trials exploring the effect resistance training interventions with long-term follow up are warranted to understand the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Marinelli
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Shilton T, Bauman A, Beger B, Chalkley A, Champagne B, Elings-Pers M, Giles-Corti B, Goenka S, Miller M, Milton K, Oyeyemi A, Ross R, Sallis JF, Armstrong-Walenczak K, Salmon J, Whitsel LP. More People, More Active, More Often for Heart Health - Taking Action on Physical Activity. Glob Heart 2024; 19:42. [PMID: 38708404 PMCID: PMC11067976 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading contributor to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Almost 500 million new cases of preventable noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) will occur globally between 2020 and 2030 due to physical inactivity, costing just over US$300 billion, or around US$ 27 billion annually (WHO 2022). Active adults can achieve a reduction of up to 35% in risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Physical activity also helps in moderating cardiovascular disease risk factors such as high blood pressure, unhealthy weight and type 2 diabetes. For people with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and many cancers, physical activity is an established and evidence-based part of treatment and management. For children and young people, physical activity affords important health benefits. Physical activity can also achieve important cross-sector goals. Increased walking and cycling can reduce journeys by vehicles, air pollution, and traffic congestion and contribute to increased safety and liveability in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Birgit Beger
- World Heart Federation, BE
- European Heart Network, BE
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Health Studies, University of Bradford, UK
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, UK
| | | | | | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, AU
- Telethon Kids Institute, AU
| | - Shifalika Goenka
- Public Health Foundation of India, IN
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, IN
| | - Mark Miller
- World Heart Federation, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Milton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK
| | | | - Robert Ross
- Queen’s University School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, CA
| | - James F. Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, US
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, AU
| | | | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, AU
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8
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Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Kirk BJC, Nosaka K. Resistance Exercise Minimal Dose Strategies for Increasing Muscle Strength in the General Population: an Overview. Sports Med 2024; 54:1139-1162. [PMID: 38509414 PMCID: PMC11127831 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Many individuals do not participate in resistance exercise, with perceived lack of time being a key barrier. Minimal dose strategies, which generally reduce weekly exercise volumes to less than recommended guidelines, might improve muscle strength with minimal time investment. However, minimal dose strategies and their effects on muscle strength are still unclear. Here our aims are to define and characterize minimal dose resistance exercise strategies and summarize their effects on muscle strength in individuals who are not currently engaged in resistance exercise. The minimal dose strategies overviewed were: "Weekend Warrior," single-set resistance exercise, resistance exercise "snacking," practicing the strength test, and eccentric minimal doses. "Weekend Warrior," which minimizes training frequency, is resistance exercise performed in one weekly session. Single-set resistance exercise, which minimizes set number and session duration, is one set of multiple exercises performed multiple times per week. "Snacks," which minimize exercise number and session duration, are brief bouts (few minutes) of resistance exercise performed once or more daily. Practicing the strength test, which minimizes repetition number and session duration, is one maximal repetition performed in one or more sets, multiple days per week. Eccentric minimal doses, which eliminate or minimize concentric phase muscle actions, are low weekly volumes of submaximal or maximal eccentric-only repetitions. All approaches increase muscle strength, and some approaches improve other outcomes of health and fitness. "Weekend Warrior" and single-set resistance exercise are the approaches most strongly supported by current research, while snacking and eccentric minimal doses are emerging concepts with promising results. Public health programs can promote small volumes of resistance exercise as being better for muscle strength than no resistance exercise at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Benjamin J C Kirk
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Baek JE, Hyeon SJ, Kim M, Cho HY, Hahm SC. Effects of dual-task resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and activities of daily living in older adults with cognitive impairment: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:369. [PMID: 38658827 PMCID: PMC11044356 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise is emphasized for the improvement of functional capacity and independence of older adults. This study aimed to compare the effects of a dual-task resistance exercise program and resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, physical function, and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 44 older adults participated in the study. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n = 22) performing a dual-task resistance exercise program for cognitive function improvement and a control group (n = 22) performing a resistance exercise program. Both groups performed the exercise for 40 min per session, three times a week, for 6 weeks (18 sessions). Cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and ADL were quantified before and after the intervention using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), profile of mood states (POMS), geriatric depression scale (GDS), senior fitness test (SFT), and Korean version of ADL, respectively. RESULTS There was a significant time and group interaction on the MMSE (p = 0.044). There were no significant time and group interactions in the POMS, GDS, SFT, or ADL. Cognitive function (p < 0.001), mood (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), functional fitness (p < 0.001), and ADL (p < 0.001) significantly improved after dual-task resistance exercise, and cognitive function (p < 0.001), mood (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), functional fitness (p < 0.001), and ADL (p < 0.001) significantly improved after resistance exercise. CONCLUSIONS Dual-task resistance exercise is more effective than resistance exercise in improving cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment. Both dual-task resistance exercise and resistance exercise improves mood, depression, functional fitness, and ADL after the intervention. We propose using dual-task resistance exercises for cognitive and physical health management in the older adults with cognitive impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) (Registration ID, KCT0005389; Registration date, 09/09/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Baek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon
| | - Sang-Jun Hyeon
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, 11160, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - May Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon.
| | - Suk-Chan Hahm
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, 11160, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Shailendra P, Baldock KL, Li LSK, Gorzelitz J, Matthews CE, Trabert B, Bennie JA, Boyle T. Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae074. [PMID: 38831478 PMCID: PMC11147802 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies indicate muscle-strengthening exercises may reduce mortality risk, further research is needed to increase certainty of the evidence. We investigated overall and dose-response associations between weight training and the risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in a large cohort of older adults with long follow-up time and a large number of deaths. We also investigated the joint associations of weight training and aerobic exercise with mortality risk. METHODS Weight training was assessed via self-report in 2004-05 in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study (USA; n = 216 339), with follow-up to 2019. Cox regression estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between weight training and mortality, after adjusting for confounders including aerobic exercise. RESULTS Around 25% of participants [mean age = 69.9 years (standard deviation = 5.4), 58% men] reported engaging in weight training over the past year, and there were 79 107 (37%) deaths. Engaging in any weight training (vs none) was associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.93-0.96), CVD (HR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.90-0.95) and cancer mortality (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92-0.98). More time spent in weight training was associated with only marginally greater risk reductions. Larger risk reductions were observed among women than men. Performing both aerobic exercise and weight training conferred the greatest mortality risk reduction; weight training was not associated with mortality risk among participants who did no aerobic exercise. CONCLUSION Performing any amount of weight training lowered mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathiyankara Shailendra
- Australian Centre for Precision Health (ACPreH), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine L Baldock
- Australian Centre for Precision Health (ACPreH), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lok Sze Katrina Li
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Gorzelitz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Population Health Unit, Murrumbidgee Primary Health Network, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Australian Centre for Precision Health (ACPreH), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Gaia JWP, Schuch FB, Ferreira RW, Souza EDL, Ferreira VMS, Pires DA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14618. [PMID: 38566446 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Wélington Pereira Gaia
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Weyll Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edielen de Lima Souza
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez Pires
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
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12
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Çalışkan H, Karakaya D, Koçak S, Ömercioğlu G, Baştuğ M. Effect of high-intensity interval training on self-care and anxiety-like behaviors in naive rats. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06793-z. [PMID: 38451318 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-care behavior covers individual's health, life and well-being to maintain the necessary activities. The aim of this study is to examine the self-care and possible anxiolytic effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT). Eight-week-old Wistar Albino male rats were divided into Control (n = 8), and Exercise (n = 8). Rat exercised for 38 min a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks The animals were then subjected to open field test and splash test, and the behaviors were video recorded. Student t test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used as statistical tests. In the exercise group, spray-induced grooming behavior increased significantly in terms of duration and frequency (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the latency of grooming (p > 0.05). In the open-field test, the total distance traveled, which is a locomotor activity parameter, did not change between the groups. Anxiolytic-like behaviors such as total rearing behavior, unsupported rearing, central time, and central region entries increased remarkably in the exercise group vs. control (p < 0.0001). Freezing as an anxiogenic behavior decreased in the exercise group positively (p < 0.0001). Intermittent high-intensity exercise improved and increased self-care behaviors. Further, the present study shows that HIIT has beneficial effects on different aspects of behaviors such as exploratory behaviors, increasing anxiolytic behaviors, and reducing anxiogenic behavior. The present study is a preclinical study that will pave the way for new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Çalışkan
- Department of Physiology, Balıkesir University Medicine Faculty, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Karakaya
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Koçak
- Department of Physiology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Medicine Faculty, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Göktuğ Ömercioğlu
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Baştuğ
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Herring MP, Meyer JD. Resistance exercise for anxiety and depression: efficacy and plausible mechanisms. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:204-206. [PMID: 38296721 PMCID: PMC11164541 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders are prevalent and poorly treated. The salutary benefits of resistance exercise training (RET), a potential alternative therapy, are well established, but mental health effects are understudied. This forum article summarizes the most rigorous evidence regarding efficacy of resistance exercise and provides a primer for putative psychobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Jacob D Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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14
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Cunha PM, Werneck AO, Santos LD, Oliveira MD, Zou L, Schuch FB, Cyrino ES. Can resistance training improve mental health outcomes in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115746. [PMID: 38281452 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) and to compare the different RT prescriptions, sample characteristics, and mental health outcomes (depressive and anxiety symptoms) in older adults. Methods All studies that were available on 28th April 2023. For the analysis of intervention effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms, standardized mean differences and standard errors were calculated. Meta-analyses using random-effects models, employing robust variance meta-regression for multilevel data structures, with adjustments for small samples. Results For depressive symptoms, the mean effect was - 0.94 (95 %CI: -1.45 - -0.43, P< 0.01, I2= 93.4 %), and for anxiety symptoms, the mean effect was -1.33 (95 %CI: -2.10 - -0.56, P< 0.01, I2= 92.3 %). The mean effect was -0.51 (95 %CI: -0.67 - -0.35, P< 0.01, I2= 36.7 %) for older adults without mental disorders, and those with mental disorders the mean effect was ES= -2.15 (95 %CI: -3.01 - - 1.29, P< 0.01, I2= 91.5 %). Conclusion RT was able to improve mental health outcomes in individuals with and without mental disorders, and some RT characteristics influenced the effect of RT on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition andHealth, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dos Santos
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, SE, Brazil
| | - Max D Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brail; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Edílson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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15
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Stonerock GL, Gupta RP, Blumenthal JA. Is exercise a viable therapy for anxiety? Systematic review of recent literature and critical analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:97-115. [PMID: 37244402 PMCID: PMC10674039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise has been promoted as a treatment for a variety of psychiatric conditions. The benefits of exercise for depression are widely recognized, but the benefits of exercise for anxiety are uncertain. Although several reviews promoted exercise as a treatment for anxiety, concerns about the quality of studies prompted us to provide a critical review of the recent literature to re-assess the value of exercise for treating anxiety. METHODS AND MATERIALS We conducted a systematic review of all peer-reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) among adults, published between January 2014 and December 2021, with an exercise intervention and anxiety as the a priori primary outcome. Two reviewers independently extracted data from studies meeting inclusion criteria, including sample characteristics, exercise intervention, control conditions, primary anxiety measure, relevant findings, and methodological quality quantified by PEDro scores. RESULTS 7240 published studies from CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were screened in April 2022, with 1831 participants across 25 eligible RCTs, of which 13 included elevated anxiety at study entry as an eligibility criterion. Only two of these 13 studies, and five of 12 studies of non-anxious individuals, found anxiety to be reduced unequivocally with exercise. Most studies suffered from significant methodological limitations including concurrent therapies and lack of intention-to-treat analyses. CONCLUSION There remains considerable uncertainty about the value of exercise in reducing symptoms of anxiety, particularly among anxious individuals. The paucity of methodologically sound studies of patients with anxiety represents a significant gap in our knowledge and calls for more research in the area. Word count: 249.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Stonerock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rahul P Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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16
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Gostian-Ropotin LA, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Belando-Pedreño N, Simón JA, López-Mora C, Navarro-Jiménez E, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Sporting Mind: The Interplay of Physical Activity and Psychological Health. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38275986 PMCID: PMC10819297 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between sports practice and psychological well-being has, in recent times, surged to the forefront of academic and public attention. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the intricate pathways linking physical engagement in sports to its subsequent impacts on mental health and synthesize the multifarious effects of sports on psychological health, offering insights for integrating physical and psychological strategies to enhance well-being. From neurobiological underpinnings to therapeutic applications, this comprehensive manuscript provides an in-depth dive into the multifaceted world of sports and psychology. Highlighting evidence-based interventions, this review aspires to offer actionable insights for practitioners, athletes, and individuals alike, advocating for a holistic approach to mental well-being. This manuscript highlights the profound impact of sports on mental health, emphasizing its role in emotional regulation, resilience, cognitive function, and treating psychological conditions. It details how sports induce neurochemical changes, enhance brain functions like memory and learning, and aid against cognitive decline. This review also notes the benefits of regular exercise in mood improvement, stress management, and social skill enhancement, particularly when combined with mindfulness practices. It underscores the importance of considering cultural and gender perspectives in sports psychology, advocating for an integrated physical-psychological approach to promote overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Laura Augusta Gostian-Ropotin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Noelia Belando-Pedreño
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Juan Antonio Simón
- Department Ciencias Sociales Act Fis Deporte & Ocio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara López-Mora
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Pg. de l’Albereda, 7, 46010 València, Spain;
| | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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17
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Mendelski GQ, Furini CRG, Stefani GP, Botton LP, Baptista RR. Enhancing long-term memory through strength training: An experimental study in adult and middle-aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 456:114697. [PMID: 37793439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact of strength training on long-term memory in adult and middle-aged rodents, specifically male Wistar rats aged 9 and 20 months. These rats were divided into two groups: one sedentary (SED) and the other trained (ST) for a period of 12 weeks. The strength training involved squatting exercises using adapted equipment, while the sedentary group maintained their regular, non-exercised routine. Behavioral tasks assessing mobility, anxiety, and multiple facets of memory, such as object recognition memory (ORM), social recognition memory (SRM), and object location memory (OLM), were conducted post-training. The findings were promising, revealing a generally beneficial impact of strength training on memory tasks across both age groups. Specifically, the ORM tasks showed facilitated and improved learning in both adult and middle-aged rats that underwent training. In contrast, OLM displayed only a facilitatory effect in both age groups, meaning that while the trained rats learned the task, they did not outperform the sedentary group. For SRM, a facilitatory effect was observed only in the adult group. In addition to the cognitive benefits, strength training was found to have an anxiolytic effect in the 9-month-old rats and positively affected body mass and adipose tissue composition. Notably, the study correlated the strength gains from the training with improved performance in memory tasks. These outcomes provide crucial insights into the potential of exercise-based interventions to bolster cognitive health and mitigate age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quines Mendelski
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Regina Guerino Furini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Cognition and Neurobiology of Memory, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Reimann Baptista
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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18
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Bendau A, Petzold MB, Kaminski J, Plag J, Ströhle A. Exercise as Treatment for "Stress-Related" Mental Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:420-436. [PMID: 37779399 PMCID: PMC10845075 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666230927103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial impact of physical activity on preventing and treating mental disorders has captured growing (research) interest. This article aims to provide a concise overview of essential evidence regarding the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of physical activity for individuals with mental disorders clustered as "stress-related" conditions. Empirical findings (e.g., longitudinalprospective studies, interventional randomized-controlled-trials, reviews, meta-analyses) regarding the effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of stress-related mental disorders are summarized. Furthermore, potential mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed, and recommendations regarding the use of physical activity are outlined. The majority of studies indicate good efficacy of physical activity in prospectively lowering the risk for the incidence of subsequent stress-related mental disorders as well as in the treatment of manifest disorders. Most evidence targets unipolar depressive disorder and, secondly, anxiety disorders. Research regarding posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and somatoform disorders is promising but scarce. Physical activity seems to be useful as a stand-alone-treatment as well as in combination with other psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatments. Multiple intertwined physiological, psychological, and social mechanisms are assumed to mediate the beneficial effects. Recommendations regarding physical activity can orientate on official guidelines but should consider the individual needs and circumstances of each subject. In summary, physical activity seems to be effective in the prevention and treatment of stressrelated mental disorders and, therefore, should be fostered in healthcare-settings. Future studies are needed to clarify partly inconsistent patterns of results and to close research gaps, e.g., concerning somatoform disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Bendau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Moritz Bruno Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Plag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Oberberg Fachklinik Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Cusimano K, Freeman P, Moran J, Yamaguchi M. Differences in Approach and Avoidance Motivation Sensitivities Predicting Participation and Performance in Strength Sport. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:180-184. [PMID: 38085627 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cusimano, K, Freeman, P, Moran, J, and Yamaguchi, M. Differences in approach and avoidance motivation sensitivities predicting participation and performance in strength sport. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 180-184, 2024-Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory proposes that individual differences in behavior are due to the sensitivity to 2 brain systems: the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which regulates aversive emotions to threatening stimuli, and the behavioral approach system (BAS), which regulates positive emotions toward rewarding or nonpunishing stimuli. The current study investigated whether BIS and BAS sensitivity predicts participation and performance in strength sports. A sample of 177 competitive strength athletes (male = 148; female = 29; mean age = 28.68; SD = 6.24 years) and 178 control participants (male = 89; female = 89; mean age = 29.39; SD = 7.42) completed the BIS/BAS scale, with strength athletes also providing their Wilks scores as a measure of sporting performance. Independent t tests showed significantly higher BIS (MD = 2.37, p = 0.003, 95% CI [0.79, 3.94], d = 0.31) and total BAS (MD = 11.71, p < 0.001, 95% CI [9.26, 14.15], d = 1.00) sensitivity in strength athletes than individuals in the control group. A 3-step hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the number of training years (β = 0.506, p < 0 .001), BIS (β = -203, p = 0.005) and BAS drive (β = 0.188, p = 0.012) made significant unique contributions to predicting the Wilks score, with no significant contributions of age, sex, BAS fun seeking, and BAS reward responsiveness. The findings indicate that the overall reward sensitivity (total BAS score) and reward seeking (BAS drive) are associated positively with participation and performance in strength sports, respectively. Given the association of these brain systems to addiction and other psychiatric disorders, the findings could have implications in psychiatric treatment and sporting recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Cusimano
- Department of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul Freeman
- Department of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jason Moran
- Department of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Motonori Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Carlson L, Gschneidner D, Steele J, Fisher JP. The Effects of Training Load During Dietary Intervention Upon Fat Loss: A Randomized Crossover Trial. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:990-1000. [PMID: 35998256 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2097625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To date no studies have compared resistance training loading strategies combined with dietary intervention for fat loss. Methods: Thus, we performed a randomised crossover design comparing four weeks of heavier- (HL; ~80% 1RM) and lighter-load (LL; ~60% 1RM) resistance training, combined with calorie restriction and dietary guidance, including resistance trained participants (n=130; males=49, females=81). Both conditions performed low-volume, (single set of 9 exercises, 2x/week) effort matched (to momentary failure), but non-work-matched protocols. Testing was completed pre- and post-each intervention. Fat mass (kg) was the primary outcome, and a smallest effect size of interest (SESOI) was established at 3.3% loss of baseline bodyweight. Body fat percentage, lean mass, and strength (7-10RM) for chest press, leg press, and pull-down exercises were also measured. An 8-week washout period of traditional training with normal calorie interspersed each intervention. Results: Both interventions showed small statistically equivalent (within the SESOI) reductions in fat mass (HL: -0.67 kg [95%CI -0.91 to 0.42]; LL: -0.55 kg [95%CI -0.80 to -0.31]) which were also equivalent between conditions (HL - LL: -0.113 kg [95%CI -0.437 kg to 0.212 kg]). Changes in body fat percentage and lean mass were also minimal. Strength increases were small, similar between conditions, and within a previously determined SESOI for the population included (10.1%). Conclusions: Fat loss reductions are not impacted by resistance training load; both HL and LL produce similar, yet small, changes to body composition over a 4-week intervention. However, the maintenance of both lean mass and strength highlights the value of resistance training during dietary intervention.
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21
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Barahona-Fuentes G, Huerta Ojeda Á, Romero GL, Delgado-Floody P, Jerez-Mayorga D, Yeomans-Cabrera MM, Chirosa-Ríos LJ. Muscle Quality Index is inversely associated with psychosocial variables among Chilean adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2104. [PMID: 37884950 PMCID: PMC10601194 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A good muscle quality index (MQI) may have an inverse relationship with psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents. Unfortunately, little scientific evidence has related MQI to psychosocial variables in this population. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the relationship between the MQI and psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety, and stress in Chilean adolescents. In this quantitative correlational design study, sixty adolescents participated voluntarily (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age 15.11 ± 1.78 years). Anthropometric parameters, prehensile strength, MQI, and psychosocial variables were evaluated. The results showed that adolescents with high levels of MQI presented lower levels of depression (7.50 ± 6.06 vs. 10.97 ± 5.94), anxiety (5.64 ± 4.81 vs. 9.66 ± 5.12), and stress (6.79 ± 5.09 vs. 10 ± 5.58), in addition to reported lower abdominal obesity (WtHR, 0.47 ± 0.07 vs. 0.52 ± 0.07) than those with low levels of MQI. The group with high levels of MQI reported a higher prevalence of nonanxiety (81.3%, p = 0.031) and a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity (55.8%, p = 0.023). Likewise, a significant inverse association was evidenced between MQI and depression (β; -6.18, 95% CI; -10.11: -2.25, p = 0.003), anxiety (β; -6.61, 95% CI; -9.83: -3.39, p < 0.001) and stress (β; -4.90, 95% CI; -8.49: -1.32 p = 0.008). In conclusion, the results suggest that high levels of MQI are associated with a higher prevalence of nonanxiety in adolescents and a significant inverse association between MQI and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Viña del Mar, Chile.
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gabriela Lizana Romero
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 7591538, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Matsumoto Y, Hino A, Kumadaki K, Itani O, Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y. Relationship between Telework Jetlag and Perceived Psychological Distress among Japanese Hybrid Workers. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:604-614. [PMID: 37873841 PMCID: PMC10667991 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag is associated with physical and mental health problems. With the increased popularity of telework, we investigated a specific form of social jetlag that we termed "telework jetlag". This study aimed to clarify the relationship between telework jetlag-the difference in sleep and wake-up times between in-office and telework days-and mental health problems among Japanese hybrid workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1789 participants from October to December 2021 using an online-based questionnaire. Telework jetlag, defined as the difference in the midsleep point between in-office and telework days, was investigated using two groups according to telework jetlag-those lagging <1 h versus ≥1 h. We used the six-item Kessler Scale as a nonspecific psychological distress scale for the outcome. Telework jetlag was significantly associated with psychological distress, and the ≥1 h group had a higher risk (odds ratio: 1.80) of developing high psychological distress (HPD) than the <1 h group in the multivariate analysis. Since most teleworkers are forced to have a hybrid work style that mixes going to work and teleworking, telework jetlag must be addressed to maintain the health of teleworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Matsumoto
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Kurume University School of Nursing, Kurume 830-0003, Japan
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Kumadaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Univer sity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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23
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Wang C, Tian Z, Luo Q. The impact of exercise on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1279599. [PMID: 37860792 PMCID: PMC10582957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1279599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a global surge in mental health challenges. This study (PROSPERO CRD42023443860) aimed to investigate the impact of exercise on individuals' mental health through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis to develop a scientific exercise program. Methods We systematically searched the literature up to August 2023 using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. The Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool gaged the methodological quality of the included literature. Results Among the initially identified 10,343 search records, 12 studies were deemed to meet the criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. Exercise significantly improved anxiety (SMD -0.81, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.52, p < 0.00001), depression (-1.02, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.62, p = 0.0001), stress (-1.05, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.78, p < 0.00001), and quality of life (1.11, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.41, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyzes indicated that a single exercise session lasting 30-40 min had the most pronounced effect on reducing anxiety (-1.29, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.86, p < 0.00001) and depression (-1.76, 95% CI -2.24 to -1.28, p < 0.00001). Similarly, an exercise frequency of 3-5 times per week yielded the greatest benefits for anxiety (-1.31, 95% CI -2.15 to -0.46, p < 0.00001) and depression (-1.27, 95% CI -2.11 to -0.41, p = 0.0003). Notably, exercise exhibited its most significant impact on depression improvement in the 40-64 age group (-1.32, 95% CI -1.78 to -0.86, p < 0.00001). Moreover, exercise notably enhanced anxiety levels among individuals in middle and upper-income brackets (-0.99, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.87, p < 0.00001). Conclusion Exercise alleviated anxiety disorders, depression, stress levels, and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most significant impact on anxiety and depression improvement is achieved by engaging in 30-40 min of exercise sessions, 3-5 times per week.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuguo Tian
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Calatayud J, López-Bueno R, Núñez-Cortés R, Yang L, Del Pozo Cruz B, Andersen LL. Trends in adherence to the muscle-strengthening activity guidelines in the US over a 20-year span. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 84:89-95. [PMID: 37413717 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Purpose to evaluate the prevalence and temporal trends in adherence to muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) guidelines among the US population from 1997 to 2018 (pre-Covid 19). METHODS We used nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey of the US (NHIS; a cross-sectional household interview survey). We pooled data from 22 consecutive cycles (1997 to 2018) and estimated prevalence and trends of adherence to MSA guidelines among adults aged 18-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-64 years, and ≥ 65 years. RESULTS A total of 651,682 participants (mean age 47.7 years [SD = 18.0], 55.8% women) were included. The overall prevalence of adherence to MSA guidelines significantly increased (p < .001) from 1997 to 2018 (19.8% to 27.2%, respectively). Adherence levels significantly increased (p < .001) for all age groups from 1997 to 2018. Compared with their white non-Hispanic counterparts, the odds ratio for Hispanic females was 0.5 (95% CI = 0.4-0.6). CONCLUSIONS It is over a 20-year span, adherence to MSA guidelines increased across all age groups, although the overall prevalence remained below 30%. Future intervention strategies to promote MSA are required with a particular focus on older adults, women, Hispanic women, current smokers, those with low educational levels, and those with functional limitations or chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Spain; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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25
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Li Y, Shi DD, Wang Z. Adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress and their mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114580. [PMID: 37453516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Those with a negative experience of psychosocial stress during the early stage of life not only have a high susceptibility of the psychiatric disorder in all phases of their life span, but they also demonstrate more severe symptoms and poorer response to treatment compared to those without a history of early-life stress. The interventions targeted to early-life stress may improve the effectiveness of treating and preventing psychiatric disorders. Brain regions associated with mood and cognition develop rapidly and own heightened plasticity during adolescence. So, manipulating nonpharmacological interventions in fewer side effects and higher acceptance during adolescence, which is a probable window of opportunity, may ameliorate or even reverse the constantly deteriorating impact of early-life stress. The present article reviews animal and people studies about adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress. We aim to discuss whether those adolescent nonpharmacological interventions can promote individuals' psychological health who expose to early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Connor M, Hargreaves EA, Scanlon OK, Harrison OK. The Effect of Acute Exercise on State Anxiety: A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 37624125 PMCID: PMC10459808 DOI: 10.3390/sports11080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise has been shown to induce a small reduction in state anxiety, yet the most beneficial exercise stimulus is not clear. This review provides an update on the papers published since the last comprehensive review in 2015, with specific emphasis on whether study quality has improved. Randomised control trials, conducted in samples of healthy adults with non-clinical anxiety, were sourced from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Study characteristics and study quality were assessed in nine studies comprising thirteen exercise conditions. Acute exercise significantly reduced anxiety in 53% (N = 7/13) of the exercise conditions. In comparison to a control condition, four showed exercising to be more effective, and one was as effective as the control. Two of the effective studies did not contain a control group. Six conditions were ineffective in reducing anxiety. There was no clear pattern of what combination of exercise mode, duration, and intensity was most effective, suggesting a variety may be effective in reducing anxiety. Methodological limitations still exist within the research, e.g., participant recruitment not considering baseline anxiety; variations in the control condition content. Future research should include participant samples exhibiting moderate-to-high levels of anxiety and examine self-selected exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Connor
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (E.A.H.)
| | - Elaine A. Hargreaves
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (E.A.H.)
| | - Orla K. Scanlon
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (E.A.H.)
| | - Olivia K. Harrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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O'Sullivan D, Gordon BR, Lyons M, Meyer JD, Herring MP. Effects of resistance exercise training on depressive symptoms among young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115322. [PMID: 37429171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports the antidepressant effects of resistance exercise training (RET); however, findings among young adults at-risk for elevated depressive symptoms are limited. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of eight weeks of ecologically-valid, guidelines-based RET, compared to a wait-list control, on depressive symptoms among 55 young adults (26±5y; 36 female) with and without subclinical, or analogue, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD; Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire GAD subscale ≥6 and Penn State Worry Questionnaire ≥45) and Major Depressive Disorder (AMDD). Following a three-week familiarization period, participants completed one-on-one, twice-weekly RET sessions. The 16-item, self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) assessed depressive symptoms. RM-ANCOVAs examined between-group differences, and significant interactions were decomposed with simple effects analysis. Hedges' d effect sizes (95%CI) quantified the magnitude of differences in change between groups across time. Stratified analyses were conducted among subsamples with AMDD and AGAD. There were no baseline depressive symptom differences between groups. Attendance was 83%, and compliance was 80%. RET induced statistically significant, clinically-meaningful, large-magnitude reductions in depressive symptoms from baseline to week eight in the total (d = 1.01; [95%CI: 0.44-1.57]), AMDD (d = 1.71; [95%CI: 0.96-2.46]), and AGAD (d = 1.39; [95%CI: 0.55-2.24]) samples. These findings support guidelines-based RET as a promising treatment for mild depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh O'Sullivan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Brett R Gordon
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jacob D Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Iowa, United States
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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28
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Cuenca-Martínez F, Suso-Martí L, Fernández-Carnero J, Muñoz-Alarcos V, Sempere-Rubio N. Exercise-based interventions on sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 61:152216. [PMID: 37229847 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the impact of exercise-based interventions (EBIs) on sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). We searched systematically in PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. Methodological quality was analyzed using AMSTAR and ROBIS scale, and the strength of evidence was established according to GRADE. Nine systematic reviews were included. Meta-analysis (MA) of primary studies (n = 42) were performed with a random-effects model. The MA revealed a moderate statistically significant effect of EBIs (SMD=-0.46 [-0.69 to -0.23]). Subgroup analyses by type of exercise showed significant effect of body-mind exercises (SMD=-0.55 [-0.86 to -0.23]) and combined exercises (SMD=-1.11 [-2.12 to -0.11]) but not for aerobic (SMD=-0.04 [-0.15 to 0.07]) or strength (SMD=-0.52 [-1.14 to 0.1]) exercises in isolation. The results obtained showed that EBIs were effective in improving sleep quality compared to minimal intervention, no intervention or usual care, with a low certainty of evidence. Subgroup analyses showed that mind-body and combined exercises elicited the strongest effect, while aerobic and strength exercise in isolation did not show significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Suso-Martí
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Josué Fernández-Carnero
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de investigación en Neurociencia cognitiva, dolor y rehabilitación en ciencias de la salud de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, NECODOR, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Muñoz-Alarcos
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Robson DA, Johnstone SJ, Putwain DW, Howard S. Test anxiety in primary school children: A 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sch Psychol 2023; 98:39-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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30
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Amiri S. Exercise training and depression and anxiety in musculoskeletal pain patients: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2023; 37:88-100. [PMID: 36125624 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain harm health and exercise can be effective in improving the condition of these patients. This study was aimed at systematically reviewing and providing a meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on improving depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain. METHODS The search was done in three databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to August 2021. For each of the studies included in the meta-analysis, the mean, standard deviation, and sample size were extracted in the post-test, and the effect size was calculated. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed in studies at the end of the analysis. RESULTS Nineteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training has a positive effect on depression in patients with musculoskeletal pain, so exercise reduces depression and Hedges' g was equal to -0.21, with confidence intervals of -0.40, -0.02. Exercise training has a positive effect on anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain, so exercise reduces anxiety and Hedges' g was equal to -0.63, with confidence intervals of -1.08, -0.19. CONCLUSIONS It was found that exercise training is effective in improving depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain and therefore this treatment should be given more attention from clinical specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Reimer V, Kanning MK. Does sports therapy affect momentary affective states? Feasibility of intensive longitudinal case studies in forensic psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1111602. [PMID: 37252155 PMCID: PMC10217360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise interventions improve quality of life in people with mental disorders and improve abstinence and cravings in substance use disorders patients in both the short term and long term. In people with mental illness, physical exercise interventions significantly reduce psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and symptoms of anxiety. For forensic psychiatry, there is little empirical evidence supporting mental health-enhancing effects of physical exercise interventions. Interventional studies in forensic psychiatry deal mainly with three problems: heterogeneity of the individuals, a small sample size, and a low compliance rate. Intensive longitudinal case studies could be a suitable approach to address these methodological challenges in forensic psychiatry. This study uses an intensive longitudinal design to determine whether forensic psychiatric patients are content to complete several data assessments per day over the course of several weeks. The feasibility of this approach is operationalized by the compliance rate. Additionally, single-case studies examine the effects of sports therapy (ST) on momentary affective states (energetic arousal, valence, and calmness). The results of these case studies reveal one aspect of feasibility and offer insights into the effects of forensic psychiatric ST on the affective states among patients with different conditions. The patients' momentary affective states were recorded before (PRE), after (POST) and 1 h after (FoUp1h) ST by questionnaires. Ten individuals (Mage = 31.7, SD = 11.94; 60% male) participated in the study. A total of 130 questionnaires were completed. To perform the single-case studies, data of three patients were considered. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for the individual affective states to test for main effects of ST. Due to the results, ST has no significant effect on none of the three affect dimensions. However, effect sizes varied between small to medium (energetic arousal: η2 = 0.01, η2 = 0.07, η2 = 0.06; valence: η2 = 0.07; calmness: η2 = 0.02) in the three patients. Intensive longitudinal case studies are a possible approach to address heterogeneity and the low sample size. The low compliance rate in this study reveals that the study design needs to be optimized for future studies.
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Duncan MJ, Holliday EG, Burton NW, Glozier N, Oftedal S. Prospective associations between joint categories of physical activity and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in a population-based cohort. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:295-303. [PMID: 35192936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety; however, few studies jointly examine these risk factors. This study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity (PA) and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in adults. METHODS Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health (Mental Health Inventory-5 >54) in 2013, and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey (2014-2018), were included (n = 10,977). Poor mental health (Mental Health Inventory-5 ≤ 54) was assessed annually. Baseline (2013) PA was classified as high/moderate/low, and insomnia symptoms (i.e., trouble sleeping) were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms, with 6 mutually exclusive PA-insomnia symptom groups derived. Associations of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard models. RESULTS There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health (21.2%). Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group, there were higher odds (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.57-2.23), moderate PA/insomnia symptoms (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.61-2.31), low PA/insomnia symptoms (OR = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.96-2.78), and low PA/no insomnia symptoms (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.29) groups. Any level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health, with the odds increasing as PA decreased. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine and Public Health; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4122, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stina Oftedal
- School of Medicine and Public Health; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Oftedal S, Fenton S, Hansen V, Whatnall MC, Ashton LM, Haslam RL, Hutchesson MJ, Duncan MJ. Changes in physical activity, diet, sleep, and mental well-being when starting university: A qualitative exploration of Australian student experiences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37014766 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2194426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore young adult's experiences of how starting university influenced their physical activity, diet, sleep, and mental well-being, and barriers and enablers to health behavior change. Participants: University students aged 18-25 years. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted in November 2019. Inductive thematic approach was utilized to identify themes. Results: Students (female: n = 13, male: n = 2, other gender identity: n = 1, 21.2 (1.6) years) reported mental well-being, physical activity levels, diet quality and sleep health were negatively affected. Stress, study demands, university timetabling, not prioritizing physical activity, cost and availability of healthy foods, and difficulty falling asleep were key barriers. Health behavior change interventions aiming to support mental well-being need to include both information and support features. Conclusions: There is a significant opportunity to improve the transition to university for young adults. Findings highlight areas to target in future interventions to improve physical activity, diet, and sleep of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Oftedal
- School of Medicine & Public Health; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sasha Fenton
- School of Health Sciences; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vibeke Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Human Services, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health; College of Health, Medicine and Wellness, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Garvey L, Benson AC, Benger D, Short T, Banyard H, Edward KL. The perceptions of mental health clinicians integrating exercise as an adjunct to routine treatment of depression and anxiety. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:502-512. [PMID: 36369663 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with depressive symptoms often experience changes in physical activity and lifestyle factors. Despite the benefits of exercise, mental health clinicians often do not refer for or prescribe exercise as part of traditionally accepted models of care for consumers with depression and anxiety. The aims were to investigate: (i) mental health clinicians' understanding of the relationship between exercise and mental health, (ii) if and how exercise is used by mental health clinicians in treatment for depression and anxiety, and (iii) the barriers to prescription of exercise. A descriptive qualitative method was used, and data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews. Ten mental health clinicians with varying backgrounds participated in this study. The data driven inductive analysis of participants views identified three themes: (i) knowing and not knowing, (ii) consumer comorbidities - the risk and benefit dilemma, and (iii) protecting vulnerable consumers. Enhancing clinicians' knowledge of the beneficial role of exercise in treatment for consumers' experiencing depression and anxiety is an important step. Mental health services can support integration of exercise by implementing policies and training for staff to support exercise prescription, and the role and referral of exercise and physical activity specialists, as part of routine care to improve clinical outcomes for consumers. Additional considerations should be given to fiscal support to access exercise as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Garvey
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Clare Benson
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra Benger
- Access Health and Community, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsin Short
- Access Health and Community, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Banyard
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen-Leigh Edward
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kikkawa M, Shimura A, Nakajima K, Morishita C, Honyashiki M, Tamada Y, Higashi S, Ichiki M, Inoue T, Masuya J. Mediating Effects of Trait Anxiety and State Anxiety on the Effects of Physical Activity on Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5319. [PMID: 37047935 PMCID: PMC10094143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that physical activity can prevent the onset of depression and reduces anxiety. In the present study, the hypothesis that total physical activity time influences depressive symptoms via state and trait anxiety was tested by a path analysis. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 526 general adult volunteers from April 2017 to April 2018. Demographic information, physical activity, and state and trait anxiety were investigated. RESULTS The association between physical activity time and depressive symptoms was expressed as a U-shape curve. The results of the covariance structure analysis showed that differences from the optimal physical activity time (DOT) had direct positive effects on state and trait anxiety. DOT affected depressive symptoms only via trait anxiety, and this was a complete mediation model. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that an optimal physical activity time exists for depressive symptoms. The path model demonstrated an association between the three factors of optimal physical activity time, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and the effect was fully mediated by trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kikkawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Chihiro Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mina Honyashiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji-shi 193-0998, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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D'Onofrio G, Kirschner J, Prather H, Goldman D, Rozanski A. Musculoskeletal exercise: Its role in promoting health and longevity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:25-36. [PMID: 36841491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is an often ignored but essential component of physical health.. The functioning of the musculoskeletal system declines with age, resulting in sarcopenia, loss of muscle strength and power, decrease in muscle flexibility and balance. Other pertinent age-related changes include decline in basal metabolic rate, increase in fat mass, and decrease in bone mineral density. Such primary aging can be accentuated by the concomitant presence of comorbid conditions, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, obesity, inflammatory conditions, and physical inactivity (PI). The latter is often promoted by the presence of musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis, back pain, and osteoporosis, which are quite common in society. RT can diminish long-term joint stress, "resist" age-related physiological deterioration and improve health outcomes through its ability to increase muscle strength and mass, balance the distribution of forces within a joint, increase basal metabolic rate and bone density, reduce body fat and cardiac risk factors, enhance endothelial function, and promote cognitive function and psychological well-being. Accordingly, health providers should screen for PI, lack of RT, and mobility risks using short screening questions, and employ simple functional tests, when indicated, to evaluate patients for impairment in gait, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. This review also provides general principles for initiating and conducting RT and provides general and specific examples of resistance training programs, which should be individualized for patients through the evaluation and guidance by appropriate health providers, physical therapists, and certified trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard D'Onofrio
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kirschner
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Heidi Prather
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America.
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Reissmann A. Sport and physical exercise in sustainable mental health care of common mental disorders: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:S2666-3376(23)00005-7. [PMID: 36747887 PMCID: PMC9893807 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale disruptions to physical activity during the coronavirus pandemic have been found to be a leading predictor of common mental disorders. In addition, regular physical exercise has been found to alleviate anxiety, sadness and depression during the pandemic. These findings, together with numerous studies published before the pandemic on the effects of physical activity on mental health, should be considered in the provision of mental health care following the pandemic. Cross-sectional research has revealed that all types of exercise and sport are associated with a reduced mental health burden. Therefore, the effectiveness of exercise and sport participation in sustainable mental health care as well as the causal relationship between exercise, psychosocial health and common mental disorders merit further investigation. Physical activity and sport, with their global accessibility, significant and clinically meaningful efficacy as well as virtual absence of adverse effects, offer a promising option for the promotion of mental health, including the prevention and treatment of common mental disorders. Physical exercise and sport are likely to become valuable public mental health resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Corresponding author. University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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Vella SA, Aidman E, Teychenne M, Smith JJ, Swann C, Rosenbaum S, White RL, Lubans DR. Optimising the effects of physical activity on mental health and wellbeing: A joint consensus statement from Sports Medicine Australia and the Australian Psychological Society. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:132-139. [PMID: 36737260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This consensus statement from Sports Medicine Australia and the Australian Psychological Society aims to provide guidance to practitioners on the ways that physical activity can be promoted to maximise benefits to mental health. METHODS Following the Clinical Consensus Statement protocol, an expert group comprised of eight members with expertise in physical activity and mental health articulated recommendations regarding five physical activity contextual factors: type, physical environment, delivery, domain, and social environment. RESULTS To optimise the mental health benefits of physical activity, we recommend: i) activity selection be guided by factors associated with adherence and enjoyment as opposed to any specific type (type); ii) facilitators (i.e., teachers, coaches, instructors, practitioners) deliver organised physical activity sessions using an instructional style that satisfies individuals' basic needs for autonomy, competence and social connection (delivery); iii) participation in physical activity with others who provide support, facilitate positive interactions, or make people feel valued, so long as it does not undermine a preference to be active alone (social environment); iv) where possible and appropriate, some physical activity should be undertaken outside in pleasant natural environments (physical environment); and, v) at least some physical activity be undertaken during leisure-time or via active travel, where possible prioritising activities one personally chooses to undertake (domain). CONCLUSIONS The type, domain, physical and social environment of physical activity, as well as the way in which it is delivered, will determine mental health outcomes. Practitioners can use these recommendations to optimise the effects of physical activity on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Vella
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Division of Human and Decision Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia,; School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Megan Teychenne
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Christian Swann
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, and Australia Manna Institute, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, 2450, Australia
| | | | | | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Yang JYM, Lubans DR, Winlaw DS, Ayer J, Celermajer D, Cordina R. Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111785. [PMID: 36861078 PMCID: PMC9969110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in the context of Fontan physiology and avenues for future research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Elizabeth Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Lee Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julian Ayer
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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40
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Cunha PM, Nunes JP, Werneck AO, Ribeiro AS, da Silva Machado DG, Kassiano W, Costa BDV, Cyrino LT, Antunes M, Kunevaliki G, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RR, Junior PS, Teixeira DC, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Qian YU, Herold F, Zou L, Mayhew JL, Stubbs B, Cyrino ES. Effect of Resistance Exercise Orders on Health Parameters in Trained Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:119-132. [PMID: 36044330 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the effects of four resistance exercise orders on muscular strength, body composition, functional fitness, cardiovascular risk factors, and mental health parameters in trained older women. METHODS The intervention lasted 63 wk. Sixty-one physically independent women (>60 yr) after completing a 12-wk resistance training (RT) preconditioning phase were randomized into four different exercise orders groups to perform 12 wk of RT: multijoint to single-joint and upper- to lower-body, single-joint to multijoint and upper- to lower-body, multijoint to single-joint and lower- to upper-body, and single-joint to multijoint and lower- to upper-body. This was followed by a 12-wk detraining period and another 12-wk RT in which exercise orders were crossed over between MJ-SJ and SJ-MJ conditions. Body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscular strength (one-repetition maximum tests), functional fitness (gait speed, walking agility, 30-s chair stand, and 6-min walk tests), cardiovascular risk factors (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, advanced oxidation protein product, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, and nitric oxide), depressive (Geriatric Depression Scale) and anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making, verbal fluency, and Stroop test) were analyzed. RESULTS After the final training period, all groups presented significant improvements ( P < 0.05) in almost all analyzed variables (muscular strength, body composition, functional tests, blood biomarkers, and mental health parameters), without significant difference among exercise orders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RT exercise orders in which MJ, SJ, upper, or lower-body exercises are performed first have similar effects on health parameters in trained older women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Bruna D V Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Gabriel Kunevaliki
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo Sugihara Junior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Study and Research Group on Human Aging and Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Y U Qian
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, CHINA
| | | | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, CHINA
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Exercise Science Program, Truman State University. Kirksville, MO
| | | | - Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, BRAZIL
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Resistance Training Modulates Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Protects Anxiety-Depression-like Dyad Induced by an Emotional Single Prolonged Stress Model. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:264-276. [PMID: 36261694 PMCID: PMC9581760 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a triggering factor for anxious and depressive phenotypes. Exercise is known for its action on the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the role of resistance exercise in an anxiety-depression-like dyad in a model of stress. Male Swiss mice (35-day-old) were exercised, three times a week for 4 weeks on nonconsecutive days. The resistance exercise consisted of climbing a 1-m-high ladder 15 times. After mice were subjected to an emotional single prolonged stress (Esps) protocol. Seven days later, they were subjected to anxiety and depression predictive behavioral tests. The results showed that exercised mice gain less weight than sedentary from weeks 3 to 5. Resistance exercise was effective against an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test and a decrease in grooming time of mice subjected to Esps. Resistance exercise protected against the decrease in the percentage of open arms time and open arm entries, and the increase in the anxiety index in Esps mice. Four-week resistance exercise did not elicit an antidepressant/anxiolytic phenotype in non-stressed mice. Esps did not alter plasma corticosterone levels but increased the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor content in mice. Resistance exercise protected against the decrease in hippocampal levels of tropomyosin kinase B (TRκB), the p-Akt/Akt, and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios of Esps mice. Resistance exercise proved to be effective in decreasing hippocampal neuroinflammation in Esps mice. Resistance exercise protected against the increase in the hippocampal Akt/mTOR pathway and neuroinflammation, and anxiety/depression-like dyad in Esps exposed mice.
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Li R, Yan R, Cheng W, Ren H. Effect of resistance training on heart rate variability of anxious female college students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1050469. [PMID: 36530720 PMCID: PMC9751390 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female college students are a group with high incidence of anxiety, and anxiety will lead to the disorder of autonomic nervous system (ANS), which will adversely affect their study and life. Resistance training plays a positive role in improving anxiety, but there is little evidence on whether resistance training can improve ANS of anxious female college students. Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained widespread acceptance in assessing ANS modulation. Therefore, the objective of this study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on heart rate variability (HRV) in anxious female college student. Methods A randomized controlled study of resistance training intervention was conducted in 27 anxious female college students that assigned randomly into an intervention group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). The intervention group was intervened by cluster training for 8 weeks. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used. ANS is evaluated by short-term HRV. Muscle strength was assessed by 1 RM indirect method. Independent-sample t-test was used to test post-test-pre-test scores between the intervention and control groups. Results After the intervention, SAS score of the intervention group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), SDNN of the intervention group was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and LF/HF was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion The resistance training intervention adopted in this study significantly increased the HRV of anxious female college students and improved their autonomic nervous disorder.
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Abstract
The German Society of Pneumology initiated 2021 the AWMF S1 guideline Long COVID/Post-COVID. In a broad interdisciplinary approach, this S1 guideline was designed based on the current state of knowledge.The clinical recommendations describe current Long COVID/Post-COVID symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies.In addition to the general and consensus introduction, a subject-specific approach was taken to summarize the current state of knowledge.The guideline has an explicit practical claim and will be developed and adapted by the author team based on the current increase in knowledge.
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Mental health and quality of life during weight loss in females with clinically severe obesity: a randomized clinical trial. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00377-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Brupbacher G, Schneiders A, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, von Känel R, Straus D. Wirkmechanismen körperlicher Aktivität auf den Schlaf bei Patienten mit Depression: Ein Narratives Review. SOMNOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-022-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungInsomnie ist eines der Kardinalsymptome einer unipolaren Depression. Insomnie hat dabei einen negativen Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf, ist eines der häufigsten Residualsymptome und ein Risikofaktor für ein Rezidiv. Im vorliegenden Überblick werden mögliche Wirkmechanismen von körperlichem Training auf den Schlaf bei Patienten mit Depression zusammengefasst. Die vorgestellten Mechanismen beruhen auf Daten aus In-vitro‑, Tier- und Humanstudien, welche die Effekte von Kraft‑, Ausdauer- und Mind-Body-Training untersuchen. Sowohl akutes Training als auch über mehrere Wochen regelmäßig absolviertes Training kann über verschiedene Signalwege positive Effekte auf den Schlaf bei Patienten mit Depression haben. Folgende Mechanismen sind dabei relevant: Zeitgebereffekte, Energiekonservierung, Regeration, Thermoregulation, psychophysiologische Effekte und „tissue–brain crosstalk“. Diese Befunde sind relevant, um die Therapie von nichtorganischen Schlafstörungen im Rahmen einer depressiven Episode besser zu verstehen, weiterzuentwickeln und auf individuelle Patienten anzupassen.
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Shannon S, Carlin A, Woods C, Nevill AM, Murphy N, Murphy MH. Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening components of the physical activity guidelines and mental health. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6774998. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Despite a clear distinction between aerobic and muscle strengthening (MS) components in the physical activity guidelines, public health surveillance has largely focused only on aerobic components, limiting the reach of epidemiological research on the physical activity guidelines. Hence, this study investigated the association between adherence to both components (i.e. aerobic and muscle-strengthening) of the World Health Organization’s physical activity guidelines and mental health among the college student population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a nationally representative sample of Irish college students (7088 participants, M age: 23.17 years; 50.9% female). Participants were categorized as meeting both components of the guidelines (n = 41%), only the aerobic component (n = 25.3%) or the MS component (n = 7.3%), and neither (n = 26.4%). Group membership effects on mental health was determined through mixed univariate ANOVAs, with a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses to assess multiple comparisons. Results revealed that meeting both components of the guidelines was significantly (all p < 0.01) associated with greater self-reported happiness, body image and general health, and less mental ill-being, relative to all other respective groupings. Meeting aerobic or MS components in isolation was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with better happiness, general health and body image compared to not meeting either component. To conclude, 59% of the college-aged population are insufficiently active, and adherence to both guideline components is positively associated with mental health. Co-produced, evidence-based, physical activity interventions are needed in students and could contribute to mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shannon
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University Jordanstown Campus , Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT370QB , UK
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University Jordanstown Campus , Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT370QB , UK
| | - Angela Carlin
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University Jordanstown Campus , Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT370QB , UK
| | - Catherine Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Alan M Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton , Walsall Campus, Gorway Road, Walsall WS1 3BD , UK
| | - Niamh Murphy
- School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology , Waterford , Ireland
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University Jordanstown Campus , Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT370QB , UK
- Doctoral College, Ulster University Newtownabbey BT370QB , UK
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Kandola A, Lewis G, Osborn DPJ, Stubbs B, Hayes JF. Device-measured sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms during adolescence: a 6-year prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2962-2971. [PMID: 33336634 PMCID: PMC9693656 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for anxiety disorders, a major source of global disability that typically starts during adolescence. This is the first prospective study of associations between repeated, device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. METHODS A UK cohort with 4257 adolescents aged 12 at baseline (56% female). Main exposures were sedentary behaviour and physical activity measured using accelerometers for 7-days at ages 12, 14, and 16. Primary outcome was anxiety symptom scores at age 18 from a Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We used adjusted negative binomial regression and iso-temporal substitution methods to analyse the data. RESULTS We found a positive association between sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16, with anxiety symptoms at age 18, independent of total physical activity volume. Theoretically replacing an hour of daily sedentary behaviour for light activity at ages 12, 14, and 16, was associated with lower anxiety symptoms by age 18 by 15.9% (95% CI 8.7-22.4), 12.1% (95% CI 3.4-20.1), and 14.7% (95% CI 4-24.2), respectively. Whereas, theoretically replacing an hour of sedentary behaviour with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with differences in anxiety symptoms. These results were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Sedentary behaviour is a possible risk factor for increasing anxiety symptoms during adolescence, independent of total physical activity volume. Instead of focusing on moderate-to-vigorous activity, replacing daily sedentary behaviour with light activity during adolescence could be a more suitable method of reducing future anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - G. Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. P. J. Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B. Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London, and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. F. Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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48
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Fitness tracking reveals task-specific associations between memory, mental health, and physical activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13822. [PMID: 35970908 PMCID: PMC9378644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity can benefit both physical and mental well-being. Different forms of exercise (e.g., aerobic versus anaerobic; running versus walking, swimming, or yoga; high-intensity interval training versus endurance workouts; etc.) impact physical fitness in different ways. For example, running may substantially impact leg and heart strength but only moderately impact arm strength. We hypothesized that the mental benefits of physical activity might be similarly differentiated. We focused specifically on how different intensities of physical activity might relate to different aspects of memory and mental health. To test our hypothesis, we collected (in aggregate) roughly a century’s worth of fitness data. We then asked participants to fill out surveys asking them to self-report on different aspects of their mental health. We also asked participants to engage in a battery of memory tasks that tested their short and long term episodic, semantic, and spatial memory performance. We found that participants with similar physical activity habits and fitness profiles tended to also exhibit similar mental health and task performance profiles. These effects were task-specific in that different physical activity patterns or fitness characteristics varied with different aspects of memory, on different tasks. Taken together, these findings provide foundational work for designing physical activity interventions that target specific components of cognitive performance and mental health by leveraging low-cost fitness tracking devices.
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49
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Amiri S, Esmaeili AA. Exercise and Anxiety in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Esmaeili
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Cabanas-Sánchez V, Esteban-Cornejo I, Parra-Soto S, Petermann-Rocha F, Gray SR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Ho FK, Pell JP, Martínez-Gómez D, Celis-Morales C. Muscle strength and incidence of depression and anxiety: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1983-1994. [PMID: 35678014 PMCID: PMC9398224 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are the leading mental health problems worldwide; depression is ranked as the leading cause of global disability with anxiety disorders ranked sixth. Preventive strategies based on the identification of modifiable factors merit exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of handgrip strength (HGS) with incident depression and anxiety and to explore how these associations differ by socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. METHODS The analytic sample comprised 162 167 participants (55% women), aged 38-70 years, from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. HGS was assessed at baseline using dynamometry. Depression and anxiety were extracted from primary care and hospital admission records. Cox proportional models were applied, with a 2 year landmark analysis, to investigate the associations between HGS and incident depression and anxiety. RESULTS Of the 162 167 participants included, 5462 (3.4%) developed depression and 6614 (4.1%) anxiety, over a median follow-up period of 10.0 years (inter-quartile range: 9.3-10.8) for depression and 9.9 (inter-quartile range: 9.0-10.8) for anxiety. In the fully adjusted model, a 5 kg lower HGS was associated with a 7% (HR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.10]; P < 0.001) and 8% (HR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.10]; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and anxiety, respectively. Compared with participants in the sex and age-specific highest tertiles of HGS, those in the medium and lowest tertiles had an 11% (HR: 1.11 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.19]; P = 0.002) and 24% (HR: 1.24 [95% CI: 1.16, 1.33]; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and 13% (HR: 1.13 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.20]; P < 0.001) and 27% (HR: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.19, 1.35]; P < 0.001) higher risk of anxiety, respectively. The association of HGS with depression was stronger among participants with average or brisk walking pace (vs. slow walking pace; Pinteraction < 0.001). The association with anxiety was stronger in those participants aged ≥58 years (vs. ≤58 years; Pinteraction = 0.002) and those living in more affluent areas (vs. deprived; Pinteraction = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength was inversely associated with incident depression and anxiety. Because HGS is a simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive measure, it could be easily used in clinical practice to stratify patients and identify those at elevated risk of mental health problems. However, future research should assess if resistance training aimed at increasing HGS can prevent the occurrence of mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stuart R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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