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Lv Y, Jia Z, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li C, Chen X, Xia W, Liu H, Xu S, Li Y. Prenatal EDC exposure, DNA Methylation, and early childhood growth: A prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108872. [PMID: 38986426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been found to be associated with growth and developmental abnormalities in children. However, the potential mechanisms by which exposure to EDCs during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in children remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore associations between prenatal EDC exposure and the body mass index (BMI) of children at age two, and to further explore the potential impact of DNA methylation (DNAm). METHOD This study included 285 mother-child pairs from a birth cohort conducted in Wuhan, China. The BMI of each child was assessed at around 24 months of age. The concentrations of sixteen EDCs at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The research utilized general linear models, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to assess the association between prenatal EDC exposure and childhood BMI z-scores (BMIz). Cord blood DNAm was measured using the Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. An epigenome-wide DNAm association study related to BMIz was performed using robust linear models. Mediation analysis was then applied to explore potential mediators of DNAm. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of seven EDCs were positively associated with BMIz in the 1st trimester, which remained significant in the WQS model. A total of 641 differential DNAm positions were associated with elevated BMIz. Twelve CpG positions (annotated to DUXA, TMEM132C, SEC13, ID4, GRM4, C2CD2, PRAC1&PRAC2, TSPAN6 and DNAH10) mediated the associations between urine BP-3/BPS/MEP/TCS and elevated BMIz (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that prenatal exposure to EDCs was associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity, with specific DNAm acting as a partial mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ravichandran S, Sood R, Das I, Dong T, Figueroa JD, Yang J, Finger N, Vaughan A, Vora P, Selvaraj K, Labus JS, Gupta A. Early life adversity impacts alterations in brain structure and food addiction in individuals with high BMI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13141. [PMID: 38849441 PMCID: PMC11161480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and food addiction are associated with distinct brain signatures related to reward processing, and early life adversity (ELA) also increases alterations in these same reward regions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of early life adversity on food addiction are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between ELA, food addiction, and brain morphometry in individuals with obesity. 114 participants with high body mass index (BMI) underwent structural MRIs, and completed several questionnaires (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Early Traumatic Inventory (ETI)). Freesurfer 6 was applied to generate the morphometry of brain regions. A multivariate pattern analysis was used to derive brain morphometry patterns associated with food addiction. General linear modeling and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the effects of ELA and resilience on food addiction in individuals with obesity. Statistical significance was determined at a level of p < 0.05. High levels of ELA showed a strong association between reward control brain signatures and food addiction (p = 0.03). Resilience positively mediated the effect of ELA on food addiction (B = 0.02, p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that food addiction is associated with brain signatures in motivation and reward processing regions indicative of dopaminergic dysregulation and inhibition of cognitive control regions. These mechanistic variabilities along with early life adversity suggest increased vulnerability to develop food addiction and obesity in adulthood, which can buffer by the neuroprotective effects of resilience, highlighting the value of incorporating cognitive appraisal into obesity therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ravichandran
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Riya Sood
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isha Das
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tien Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Finger
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allison Vaughan
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katie Selvaraj
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Li YY, Madduri SS, Rezeli ET, Santos C, Freeman III H, Peng J, McRitchie SL, Pathmasiri W, Hursting SD, Sumner SJ, Stewart DA. Macronutrient-differential dietary pattern impacts on body weight, hepatic inflammation, and metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356038. [PMID: 38868554 PMCID: PMC11168494 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial disease frequently associated with poor nutritional habits and linked to many detrimental health outcomes. Individuals with obesity are more likely to have increased levels of persistent inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation. The goal of this study was to compare four dietary patterns differentiated by macronutrient content in a postmenopausal model. Dietary patterns were high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF), high carbohydrate plus high fat (HCHF), and high protein (HP) with higher fiber. Methods Changes in body weight and glucose levels were measured in female, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice after 15 weeks of feeding. One group of five mice fed the HCHF diet was crossed over to the HP diet on day 84, modeling a 21-day intervention. In a follow-up study comparing the HCHF versus HP dietary patterns, systemic changes in inflammation, using an 80-cytokine array and metabolism, by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS)-based metabolomics were evaluated. Results Only the HF and HCHF diets resulted in obesity, shown by significant differences in body weights compared to the HP diet. Body weight gains during the two-diet follow-up study were consistent with the four-diet study. On Day 105 of the 4-diet study, glucose levels were significantly lower for mice fed the HP diet than for those fed the HC and HF diets. Mice switched from the HCHF to the HP diet lost an average of 3.7 grams by the end of the 21-day intervention, but this corresponded with decreased food consumption. The HCHF pattern resulted in dramatic inflammatory dysregulation, as all 80 cytokines were elevated significantly in the livers of these mice after 15 weeks of HCHF diet exposure. Comparatively, only 32 markers changed significantly on the HP diet (24 up, 8 down). Metabolic perturbations in several endogenous biological pathways were also observed based on macronutrient differences and revealed dysfunction in several nutritionally relevant biosynthetic pathways. Conclusion Overall, the HCHF diet promoted detrimental impacts and changes linked to several diseases, including arthritis or breast neoplasms. Identification of dietary pattern-specific impacts in this model provides a means to monitor the effects of disease risk and test interventions to prevent poor health outcomes through nutritional modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Li
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Supradeep S. Madduri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erika T. Rezeli
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charlene Santos
- Animal Studies Core Lab, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Herman Freeman III
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan L. McRitchie
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Son JE. Genetics, pharmacotherapy, and dietary interventions in childhood obesity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12861. [PMID: 38863827 PMCID: PMC11165095 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, contributing to the increased prevalence of chronic conditions and adversely affecting the quality of life and future prospects of affected individuals, thereby presenting a substantial societal challenge. This complex condition, influenced by the interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, is characterized by excessive energy intake due to uncontrolled appetite regulation and a Westernized diet. Managing obesity in childhood requires specific considerations compared with adulthood, given the vulnerability of the critical juvenile-adolescent period to toxicity and developmental defects. Consequently, common treatment options for adult obesity may not directly apply to younger populations. Therefore, research on childhood obesity has focused on genetic defects in regulating energy intake, alongside pharmacotherapy and dietary interventions as management approaches, with an emphasis on safety concerns. This review aims to summarize canonical knowledge and recent findings on genetic factors contributing to childhood obesity. Additionally, it assesses the efficacy and safety of existing pharmacotherapies and dietary interventions and suggests future research directions. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of childhood obesity, this review aims to offer insights into more targeted and effective strategies for addressing this condition, including personalized healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Melendez-Montañez JM, De Jesus-Rojas W. The Tip of the Iceberg: Genotype of Puerto Rican Pediatric Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:394. [PMID: 38674329 PMCID: PMC11049160 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern, particularly among Hispanic populations. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic predisposition to obesity in Puerto Rican children of Hispanic descent, addressing a notable gap in existing research. A cohort of 103 children with obesity and hyperphagia underwent genetic screening for rare obesity-related variants. Clinical assessments and family history evaluations were conducted to characterize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort. Genetic testing revealed a high prevalence of variants, with 73% of subjects having at least one reported variant. Pathogenic variants, predominantly associated with obesity-related ciliopathies, were identified in 7% of cases. Additionally, 90% of cases had variants of uncertain significance, highlighting the complexity of genetic contributions to obesity. This study emphasizes the critical need for further investigation into the genetic foundations of obesity, particularly within Hispanic communities. The findings emphasize the importance of early medical evaluation, vigilant monitoring for hyperphagia onset, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique genetic landscape of Puerto Rican children. This research provides a foundational framework for future studies to mitigate the impact of genetic obesity within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilfredo De Jesus-Rojas
- Department of Pediatrics and Basic Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA;
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Sun J, Wang M, Jia F, Song J, Ren J, Hu B. FTO Stabilizes MIS12 to Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence in Atherosclerotic Plaque. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1857-1871. [PMID: 38523689 PMCID: PMC10961024 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atherosclerosis is the main cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we aimed to uncover the role and mechanisms of fat mass and obesity-associated genes (FTO) in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were used to establish an atherosclerotic animal model. Immunohistochemistry, and the staining of hematoxylin-eosin, Oil Red O, Sirius red, and Masson were performed to confirm the role of FTO in atherosclerosis in vivo. Subsequently, FTO expression in primary VSMCs is either upregulated or downregulated. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to treat VSMCs, followed by EdU staining, flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, immunofluorescence, telomere detection, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting to determine the molecular mechanisms by which FTO inhibits VSMC senescence. Results Decreased FTO expression was observed in progressive atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD. FTO upregulation inhibits atherosclerotic lesions in mice. FTO inhibits VSMC aging in atherosclerotic plaques by helping VSMC withstand ox-LDL-induced cell cycle arrest and senescence. This process is achieved by stabilizing the MIS12 protein in VSMC through a proteasome-mediated pathway. Conclusion FTO inhibits VSMC senescence and subsequently slows the progression of atherosclerotic plaques by stabilizing the MIS12 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengming Jia
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Song
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Ren
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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Beck RH, Afrooz I, Suhail Masalawala M, Watad R, Al Shaban T, Deeb A. Characteristics of adolescents referred for bariatric surgery in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1297251. [PMID: 38523841 PMCID: PMC10957758 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1297251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
About a third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese in the United Arab Emirates, and referrals for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are now common. Despite excellent evidence that MBS should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity, it remains a management approach of last resort in many cases. Baseline, real-world data on adolescent patients living with obesity referred for surgery, their characteristics, and how these relate to current and future referral policy are important to ensure best practice. Here we examined the demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of adolescents referred for MBS over a three-year period to Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. Ninety-two adolescents living with obesity were recruited: 54.3% were female, the average age was 16.3 ± 2.4 years, and 88.0% of patients had a first-degree relative with a history of obesity and 62% a family history of bariatric surgery. The average BMI was 47.7 ± 10.5, and the average percentage of the 95th percentile BMI was 169.5 ± 38.8%. Complications of obesity (hypertension, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver function abnormalities) were common. Our analysis highlights that there exists a mismatch between the profiles of patients referred for MBS, local guidelines, and international best practice in decision-making for referral to MBS services. While many adolescents in the UAE seem to enjoy family support and experience in the surgical management of obesity, local guidelines need updating to reflect changes in the definitions of obesity, thresholds for referral, and to remove unnecessary developmental stage barriers to increase the window for personalized surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hassan Beck
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imrana Afrooz
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rama Watad
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Talat Al Shaban
- Department of Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wang Y, Yang C, Wen J, Ju L, Ren Z, Zhang T, Liu Y. Whole-exome sequencing combined with postoperative data identify c.1614dup (CAMKK2) as a novel candidate monogenic obesity variant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1334342. [PMID: 38469147 PMCID: PMC10925648 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1334342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset obesity is a rising health concern influenced by heredity. However, many monogenic obesity variants (MOVs) remain to be discovered due to differences in ethnicity and culture. Additionally, patients with known MOVs have shown limited weight loss after bariatric surgery, suggesting it can be used as a screening tool for new candidates. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) combined with postoperative data to detect candidate MOVs in a cohort of 62 early-onset obesity and 9 late-onset obesity patients. Our findings demonstrated that patients with early-onset obesity preferred a higher BMI and waist circumference (WC). We confirmed the efficacy of the method by identifying a mutation in known monogenic obesity gene, PCSK1, which resulted in less weight loss after surgery. 5 genes were selected for further verification, and a frameshift variant in CAMKK2 gene: NM_001270486.1, c.1614dup, (p. Gly539Argfs*3) was identified as a novel candidate MOV. This mutation influenced the improvement of metabolism after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, our data confirm the efficacy of WES combined with postoperative data in detecting novel candidate MOVs and c.1614dup (CAMKK2) might be a promising MOV, which needs further confirmation. This study enriches the human monogenic obesity mutation database and provides a scientific basis for clinically accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Ju
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyun Ren
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Trang KB, Pahl MC, Pippin JA, Su C, Littleton SH, Sharma P, Kulkarni NN, Ghanem LR, Terry NA, O’Brien JM, Wagley Y, Hankenson KD, Jermusyk A, Hoskins JW, Amundadottir LT, Xu M, Brown KM, Anderson SA, Yang W, Titchenell PM, Seale P, Cook L, Levings MK, Zemel BS, Chesi A, Wells AD, Grant SF. 3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.08.30.23294092. [PMID: 37693606 PMCID: PMC10491377 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.23294092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, along with the associated common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Motivated by evidence for a strong genetic component, our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts for childhood obesity revealed 19 independent signals for the trait; however, the mechanism of action of these loci remains to be elucidated. To molecularly characterize these childhood obesity loci we sought to determine the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes within diverse cellular contexts. Integrating childhood obesity GWAS summary statistics with our existing 3D genomic datasets for 57 human cell types, consisting of high-resolution promoter-focused Capture-C/Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq, we applied stratified LD score regression and calculated the proportion of genome-wide SNP heritability attributable to cell type-specific features, revealing pancreatic alpha cell enrichment as the most statistically significant. Subsequent chromatin contact-based fine-mapping was carried out for genome-wide significant childhood obesity loci and their linkage disequilibrium proxies to implicate effector genes, yielded the most abundant number of candidate variants and target genes at the BDNF, ADCY3, TMEM18 and FTO loci in skeletal muscle myotubes and the pancreatic beta-cell line, EndoC-BH1. One novel implicated effector gene, ALKAL2 - an inflammation-responsive gene in nerve nociceptors - was observed at the key TMEM18 locus across multiple immune cell types. Interestingly, this observation was also supported through colocalization analysis using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset, supporting an inflammatory and neurologic component to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Our comprehensive appraisal of 3D genomic datasets generated in a myriad of different cell types provides genomic insights into pediatric obesity pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh B. Trang
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A. Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheridan H. Littleton
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhat Sharma
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil N. Kulkarni
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis R. Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie A. Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Center for Ophthalmic Genetics in Complex Disease
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason W. Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mai Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart A. Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Knihs VM, Filippin-Monteiro FB. GLP1R (glucagon-like-peptide-1 incretin receptor), diabetes and obesity phenotypes: An in silico approach revealed new pathogenic variants. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102956. [PMID: 38364583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor belongs to the B family of G protein-coupled receptors, serving as a binding protein in membranes and is widely expressed in human tissues. Upon stimulation by its agonist, the glucagon-like peptide-1, the receptor plays a role in glucose metabolism, enhancing insulin secretion, and regulating appetite in the hypothalamus. Mutations in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene can lead to physiological changes that may explain phenotypic variations in individuals with obesity and diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate missense variants of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene. METHODS Data mining was performed on the single nucleotide polymorphism database, retrieving a total of 16,399 variants. Among them, 356 were missense. These 356 variants were analyzed using the PolyPhen-2 and filtered based on allele frequency, resulting in 6 pathogenic variants. RESULTS D344E, A239T, R310Q, R227H, R421P, and R176G were analyzed using four different prediction tools. The D344E and A239T resulted in larger amino acid residues compared to their wild-type counterparts. The D344E showed a slightly destabilized structure, while A239T affected the transmembrane helices. Conversely, the R310Q, R227H, R421P, and R176G resulted in smaller amino acid residues than the wild-type, leading to a loss of positive charge and increased hydrophobicity. Particularly, the R421P, due to the presence of proline, significantly destabilized the α-helix structure and caused severe damage to the receptor. CONCLUSION Elucidating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor variants and their potentially detrimental effects on receptor functionality can contribute to an understanding of metabolic diseases and the response to available pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Matheus Knihs
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
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12
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Concepción-Zavaleta MJ, Quiroz-Aldave JE, Durand-Vásquez MDC, Gamarra-Osorio ER, Valencia de la Cruz JDC, Barrueto-Callirgos CM, Puelles-León SL, Alvarado-León EDJ, Leiva-Cabrera F, Zavaleta-Gutiérrez FE, Concepción-Urteaga LA, Paz-Ibarra J. A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:26-39. [PMID: 37725322 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high, increasing worldwide prevalence. Genetic causes account for 7% of the cases in children with extreme obesity. DATA SOURCES This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles. The search used the following search terms: "obesity", "obesity and genetics", "leptin", "Prader-Willi syndrome", and "melanocortins". The types of studies included were systematic reviews, clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional and prospective studies, narrative reviews, and case reports. RESULTS The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body weight. However, several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain unknown. Genetic causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic, monogenic, and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years, hyperphagia, or a family history of extreme obesity. A microarray study, an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this purpose. There are three therapeutic levels: lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatment, and bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS Genetic study technologies are in constant development; however, we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity. A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes; however, there are still barriers to its approach, as it continues to be underdiagnosed. Video Abstract (MP4 1041807 KB).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Paz-Ibarra
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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13
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Rabadán-Chávez G, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166853. [PMID: 37611674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are far behind the 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) goal of a zero increase in obesity. Close to 360 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are overweight, with the highest rates observed in the Bahamas, Mexico, and Chile. To achieve relevant progress against the obesity epidemic, scientific research is essential to establish uniform practices in the study of obesity pathophysiology (using pre-clinical and clinical models) that ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and transcendent outcomes. The present review focuses on relevant aspects of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, underlying mechanisms of inefficient expandability, and its repercussion in ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver during nutritional abundance. In addition, we highlight the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythm in WAT metabolism. Since genetic factors also play a key role in determining an individual's predisposition to weight gain, we describe the most relevant genes associated with obesity in the Mexican population, underlining that most of them are related to appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Rocío I Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C.P. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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14
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Mainieri F, La Bella S, Rinaldi M, Chiarelli F. Rare genetic forms of obesity in childhood and adolescence, a comprehensive review of their molecular mechanisms and diagnostic approach. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:4781-4793. [PMID: 37607976 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents a major health problem in the pediatric population with an increasing prevalence worldwide, associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and due to both genetic and environmental factors. Rare forms of obesity are mostly monogenic, and less frequently due to polygenic influence. Polygenic form of obesity is usually the common obesity with single gene variations exerting smaller impact on weight and is commonly non-syndromic.Non-syndromic monogenic obesity is associated with variants in single genes typically related to the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin signalling pathway, which plays a key role in hunger and satiety regulation, thus body weight control. Patients with these genetic defects usually present with hyperphagia and early-onset severe obesity. Significant progress in genetic diagnostic testing has recently made for early identification of patients with genetic obesity, which guarantees prompt intervention in terms of therapeutic management of the disease. What is Known: • Obesity represents a major health problem among children and adolescents, with an increasing prevalence worldwide, associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic abnormalities, and it can be due to both genetic and environmental factors. • Non-syndromic monogenic obesity is linked to modifications in single genes usually involved in the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin signalling pathway, which plays a key role in hunger and satiety regulation. What is New: • The increasing understanding of rare forms of monogenic obesity has provided significant insights into the genetic causes of pediatric obesity, and our current knowledge of the various genes associated with childhood obesity is rapidly expanding. • A useful diagnostic algorithm for early identification of genetic obesity has been proposed, which can ensure a prompt intervention in terms of therapeutic management of the disease and an early prevention of the development of associated metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Rinaldi
- Paediatric Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Thames Valley Deanery, Oxford, UK
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15
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Bairqdar A, Shakhtshneider E, Ivanoshchuk D, Mikhailova S, Kashtanova E, Shramko V, Polonskaya Y, Ragino Y. Rare Variants of Obesity-Associated Genes in Young Adults with Abdominal Obesity. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1500. [PMID: 37888112 PMCID: PMC10608506 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and associated diseases is a serious problem. The aim of the study was to identify rare variants in obesity-associated genes in young adults with abdominal obesity in our population and to analyze information about these variants in other populations. Targeted high-throughput sequencing of obesity-associated genes was performed (203 young adults with an abdominal obesity phenotype). In our study, all of the 203 young adults with abdominal obesity had some rare variant in the genes associated with obesity. The widest range of rare and common variants was presented in ADIPOQ, FTO, GLP1R, GHRL, and INS genes. The use of targeted sequencing and clinical criteria makes it possible to identify carriers of rare clinically significant variants in a wide range of obesity-associated genes and to investigate their influence on phenotypic manifestations of abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bairqdar
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.B.)
- Department of Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Shakhtshneider
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.B.)
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dinara Ivanoshchuk
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.B.)
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Mikhailova
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.B.)
| | - Elena Kashtanova
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktoriya Shramko
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yana Polonskaya
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuliya Ragino
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova Str. 175/1, 630004 Novosibirsk, Russia
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16
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Wesołek A, Bogdański P. The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37371961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds' action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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17
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Homs C, Berruezo P, Arcarons A, Wärnberg J, Osés M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MÁ, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Tur JA, Segú M, Fitó M, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sanchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar-Muñoz S, Bouzas C, Milà R, Schröder H, Gómez SF. Independent and Joined Association between Socioeconomic Indicators and Pediatric Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081987. [PMID: 37111206 PMCID: PMC10143028 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/<12.731€). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/≥12.731€ n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16-0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23-0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731€; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Berruezo
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Albert Arcarons
- Office of the High Commissioner against Child Poverty, 28079 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sociology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maddi Osés
- IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Canarian Health Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine-Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Segú
- Barça Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IS-FOOD-Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sanchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar-Muñoz
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Raimon Milà
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago F Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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18
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Shkurat TP, Ammar M, Bocharova O, Teplyakova E, Aleksandrova A, Ali R, Lipovich L. The Role of Genetic Variants in the Long Non-Coding RNA Genes MALAT1 and H19 in the Pathogenesis of Childhood Obesity. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9020022. [PMID: 37104004 PMCID: PMC10141382 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Recently, many studies have suggested that lncRNAs, such as Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) and Imprinted Maternally Expressed Transcript (H19), might participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity. We conducted a case-control study with 150 Russian children and adolescents aged between 5 and 17 years old in order to assess the statistical association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3200401 in MALAT1 and rs217727 in H19, and the risk of developing obesity in this population. We further explored the possible association of rs3200401 and rs217727 with BMI Z-score and insulin resistance. The MALAT1 rs3200401 and H19 rs217727 SNPs were genotyped using Taqman SNP genotyping assay. The MALAT1 rs3200401 SNP was identified as a risk factor for childhood obesity (p < 0.05) under the dominant and allelic models, and the CT heterozygous genotype was associated with the risk of increased BMI and with insulin resistance. The H19 rs217727 SNP had no significant association with obesity risk (all p > 0.05). Our findings thus suggest that MALAT1 SNP rs3200401 is a potential indicator of obesity susceptibility and pathogenesis in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pavlovna Shkurat
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D I Ivanovsky, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344090, Russia
| | - Manar Ammar
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D I Ivanovsky, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344090, Russia
| | - Olga Bocharova
- Department of Children's Diseases No. 3, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov on Don 344022, Russia
| | - Elena Teplyakova
- Department of Children's Diseases No. 3, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov on Don 344022, Russia
| | - Anzhela Aleksandrova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D I Ivanovsky, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344090, Russia
| | - Ruba Ali
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D I Ivanovsky, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don 344090, Russia
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Functionally Significant Variants in Genes Associated with Abdominal Obesity: A Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030460. [PMID: 36983642 PMCID: PMC10056771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and of its associated diseases is a major problem worldwide. Genetic predisposition and the influence of environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity. Changes in the structure and functional activity of genes encoding adipocytokines are involved in the predisposition to weight gain and obesity. In this review, variants in genes associated with adipocyte function are examined, as are variants in genes associated with metabolic aberrations and the accompanying disorders in visceral obesity.
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20
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Miller J. Genetic Obesity-Causes and Treatments. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e57-e61. [PMID: 36779883 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities are responsible for up to 70% of severe, early onset obesity. With recent advances in genetic testing, more individuals with genetic etiology of excessive weight are being identified. However, treatment will need to be individualized based on the cause and underlying pathophysiology. Several treatment options are being investigated, and there are several treatment options now commercially available for some of these genetic conditions. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(2):e57-e61.].
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21
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Calcaterra V, Magenes VC, Hruby C, Siccardo F, Mari A, Cordaro E, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Links between Childhood Obesity, High-Fat Diet, and Central Precocious Puberty. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020241. [PMID: 36832370 PMCID: PMC9954755 DOI: 10.3390/children10020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the existing relationship between excess overweight and central precocious puberty (CPP) has been reported, especially in girls. Different nutritional choices have been associated with different patterns of puberty. In particular, the involvement of altered biochemical and neuroendocrine pathways and a proinflammatory status has been described in connection with a high-fat diet (HFD). In this narrative review, we present an overview on the relationship between obesity and precocious pubertal development, focusing on the role of HFDs as a contributor to activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Although evidence is scarce and studies limited, especially in the paediatric field, the harm of HFDs on PP is a relevant problem that cannot be ignored. Increased knowledge about HFD effects will be useful in developing strategies preventing precocious puberty in children with obesity. Promoting HFD-avoiding behavior may be useful in preserving children's physiological development and protecting reproductive health. Controlling HFDs may represent a target for policy action to improve global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Chiara Hruby
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Mari
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Cordaro
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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22
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Identification and Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the FTO Gene with Indicators of Overweight and Obesity in a Young Mexican Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010159. [PMID: 36672899 PMCID: PMC9858641 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: obesity is a global public health problem; various factors have been associated with this disease, and genetic factors play a very important role. Previous studies in multiple populations have associated a gene with fat mass and obesity (FTO). Thus, the present work aims to identify and determine associations between genetic variants of FTO with indicators of overweight and obesity in the Mexican population. (2) Methods: a total of 638 subjects were evaluated to compile data on body mass index (BMI), the percentage of body fat (%BF), the waist circumference (WC), the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), and food consumption. A total of 175 genetic variants in the FTO gene were sampled by a microarray in the evaluated population, followed by association statistical analyses and comparisons of means. (3) Results: a total of 34 genetic variants were associated with any of the 6 indicators of overweight and obesity, but only 15 showed mean differences using the recessive model after the Bonferroni correction. The present study shows a wide evaluation of FTO genetic variants associated with a classic indicator of overweight and obesity, which highlights the importance of genetic analyses in the study of obesity.
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23
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Fernández E, McCarthy CI, Cerviño RH, Rodríguez SS, Yaneff A, Hernández J, Garrido V, Di Rocco F, Raingo J. Functional alterations of two novel MC4R mutations found in Argentinian pediatric patients with early onset obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111777. [PMID: 36210601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) are the most common cause of monogenic obesity, a severe type of early-onset obesity. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of MC4R mutations in a cohort of 97 Argentinian children with early-onset obesity. We found two novel mutations (p.V52E and p.G233S) and estimated a prevalence of 2.1%. We investigated the pathogenicity of mutations in HEK293T cells expressing wild-type or mutant MC4R and found that both mutants exhibited reduced plasma membrane expression and altered agonist-induced cAMP responses, with no changes in basal activity. Besides, MC4R G233S mutant demonstrated an altered agonist-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels type 2.2. Results using a Gαs protein inhibitor suggest that the G233S mutation could be recruiting a different G-protein signaling pathway. The identification of new mutations in MC4R and characterization of their functional impact provide tools for the diagnosis and treatment of monogenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Clara Inés McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, IMBICE, CONICET, UNLP y CIC-PBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ramiro Hector Cerviño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Susana Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, IMBICE, CONICET, UNLP y CIC-PBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustín Yaneff
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA, UBA, CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Julieta Hernández
- Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica" de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Garrido
- Servicio de Nutrición del Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica" de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Di Rocco
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratorio de Electrofisiología, IMBICE, CONICET, UNLP y CIC-PBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Duis J, Butler MG. Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Obesity: Underlying Genetic Causes in Humans. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101154. [PMID: 35680611 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports syndromic and nonsyndromic causes of obesity, including genome-wide association studies, candidate gene analysis, advanced genetic technology using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and identification of copy number variants. Identification of susceptibility genes impacts mechanistic understanding and informs precision medicine. The cause of obesity is heterogeneous with complex biological processes playing a role by controlling peptides involved in regulating appetite and food intake, cellular energy, and metabolism. Evidence for heritability shows genetic components contributing to 40%-70% of obesity. Monogenic causes and obesity-related syndromes are discussed and illustrated as well as biological pathways, gene interactions, and factors contributing to the obesity phenotype. Over 550 obesity-related single genes have been identified and summarized in tabular form with approximately 20% of these genes have been added to obesity gene panels for testing by commercially available laboratories. Early studies show that about 10% of patients with severe obesity using NGS testing have a pathogenic gene variant. Discussion to help characterize gene-gene interactions and disease mechanisms for early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors contributing to disease is incorporated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Duis
- Section of Genetics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Division of Research and Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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25
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Mari A, Casini F, Bergamaschi F, Zuccotti GV, Fabiano V. Medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106471. [PMID: 36174963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity remains one of the biggest health problems both in adults and children. Lifestyle modification, including diet and exercise, continues to be the mainstay of obesity prevention and treatment. Unfortunately, lifestyle modifications are often unsuccessful. Pharmacological treatment of obesity in pediatric patients can be applied in selected cases, and not before evidence of failure of the multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. In this narrative review, we revised the most up-to-date evidence on medical treatment of weight loss in children and adolescents with obesity, including FDA- or EMA-approved and -experimented, not approved, drugs for pediatric population. Multidisciplinary treatment of childhood obesity, regulation of appetite control, energy balance and body weight were also discussed, in order to clarify the indications and mechanism action of drugs. Despite a substantial number of medications used for the treatment of obesity in adults, a limited number of drugs are approved by the drug regulatory agencies for pediatric population. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of pediatric obesity in order to optimize weight management for children and adolescents and limit the development obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casini
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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26
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Mazur A, Zachurzok A, Baran J, Dereń K, Łuszczki E, Weres A, Wyszyńska J, Dylczyk J, Szczudlik E, Drożdż D, Metelska P, Brzeziński M, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Matusik P, Socha P, Olszanecka-Gilianowicz M, Jackowska T, Walczak M, Peregud-Pogorzelski J, Tomiak E, Wójcik M. Childhood Obesity: Position Statement of Polish Society of Pediatrics, Polish Society for Pediatric Obesity, Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, the College of Family Physicians in Poland and Polish Association for Study on Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183806. [PMID: 36145182 PMCID: PMC9505061 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most important problems of public health. Searching was conducted by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases, from January 2022 to June 2022, for English language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from all over the world. Five main topics were defined in a consensus join statement of the Polish Society of Pediatrics, Polish Society for Pediatric Obesity, Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and Polish Association for the Study on Obesity: (1) definition, causes, consequences of obesity; (2) treatment of obesity; (3) obesity prevention; (4) the role of primary care in the prevention of obesity; (5) Recommendations for general practitioners, parents, teachers, and regional authorities. The statement outlines the role of diet, physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, and gives appropriate recommendations for interventions by schools, parents, and primary health care. A multisite approach to weight control in children is recommended, taking into account the age, the severity of obesity, and the presence of obesity-related diseases. Combined interventions consisting of dietary modification, physical activity, behavioral therapy, and education are effective in improving metabolic and anthropometric indices. More actions are needed to strengthen the role of primary care in the effective prevention and treatment of obesity because a comprehensive, multi-component intervention appears to yield the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Joanna Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Weres
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Dylczyk
- Children’s University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczudlik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Metelska
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziński
- Chair and Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Child Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Matusik
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Chair of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Gilianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Teresa Jackowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Walczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology and Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Tomiak
- The College of Family Physicians in Poland, 00-209 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.Z.); (M.W.)
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27
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Benefits of Exercise in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148300. [PMID: 35886152 PMCID: PMC9315465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a serious health problem worldwide. Similarly, eating disorders (EDs) are complex diseases that affect adolescents with an increasing prevalence and are an alarming health concern to both physical and mental health. Traditionally, obesity and EDs, particularly binge eating disorder (BED), have been considered separate conditions, but there is emerging evidence such as etiology, comorbidities, risk factors, psychosocial impairment, and prevention approaches, highlighting important overlaps among these conditions. In youth, the two conditions share risk factors and consequences at both the physical and psychological levels, requiring special care. Exercise, useful as strategy to prevent and treat overweight conditions, may have beneficial effects on BED symptoms, suggesting that it may be considered as one of the key factors in the treatment of individuals affected by obesity with BED. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the bidirectional impact of obesity and BED in adolescents, in terms of risk factors, etiology and comorbid conditions. Specifically, we focused on the benefits of physical activity (PA) in the multidisciplinary treatment of subjects affected by obesity with BED. Even though additional research is needed to reach conclusions about the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and comorbid BED, especially in adolescents, promising results have already suggested that closely monitored exercise is safe and, paired with cognitive behavioral therapy, may provide multiple benefits on both the physical and psychological levels. Tailored and integrated treatments for weight management and eating disorders are important to promptly and effectively treat obese subjects that have BED.
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Huang L, Guo M, Zhou Y, Liang T, Li N. Identification of ALMS1 pathogenic variants in Chinese patients with Alström syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:573-575. [PMID: 35786123 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing,
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Flores-Barrantes P, Mavrogianni C, Iglesia I, Mahmood L, Willems R, Cardon G, De Vylder F, Liatis S, Makrilakis K, Martinez R, Schwarz P, Rurik I, Antal E, Iotova V, Tsochev K, Chakarova N, Kivelä J, Wikström K, Manios Y, Moreno LA. Can food parenting practices explain the association between parental education and children's food intake? The Feel4Diabetes-study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-14. [PMID: 35416142 PMCID: PMC9991856 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of food parenting practices (FPP), including home availability of different types of foods and drinks, parental modelling of fruit intake, permissiveness and the use of food as a reward in the relationship between parental education and dietary intake in European children. DESIGN Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether FPP explain associations between parents' educational level and children's dietary intake measured by a parent-reported FFQ. SETTING Six European countries. PARTICIPANTS Parent-child dyads (n 6705, 50·7 % girls, 88·8 % mothers) from the Feel4Diabetes-study. RESULTS Children aged 8·15 ± 0·96 years were included. Parental education was associated with children's higher intake of water, fruits and vegetables and lower intake of sugar-rich foods and savoury snacks. All FPP explained the associations between parental education and dietary intake to a greater or lesser extent. Specifically, home availability of soft drinks explained 59·3 % of the association between parental education and sugar-rich food intake. Home availability of fruits and vegetables was the strongest mediators in the association between parental education and fruit and vegetable consumption (77·3 % and 51·5 %, respectively). Regarding savoury snacks, home availability of salty snacks and soft drinks was the strongest mediators (27·6 % and 20·8 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS FPP mediate the associations between parental education and children's dietary intake. This study highlights the importance of addressing FPP in future interventions targeting low-educated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Flores-Barrantes
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, Madrid50009, Spain
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ruben Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore De Vylder
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stavros Liatis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Chakarova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jemina Kivelä
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Wikström
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, Madrid50009, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tashiro J, McKenna E, Alberto EC, Mackey ER, Nadler EP. The impact of parental bariatric surgery and patient age on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy outcomes in adolescents. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7392-7398. [PMID: 35403902 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity is multifactorial, but parental history is the most significant risk factor. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is part of the multidisciplinary approach to adolescent weight loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of parental history of bariatric surgery, as well as age at time of operation, on adolescents who underwent LSG at our institution. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients, aged 10 to 19 years, who underwent LSG from January 2010 to December 2019. The adolescent bariatric surgical dataset maintained by our group was used to obtain patient demographics, weight, body mass index (BMI), and parental history of bariatric surgery. RESULTS Among 328 patients, 76 (23.2%) had parents who had previously undergone bariatric surgery. These patients were significantly heavier by weight (p = 0.012) at the time of operation but had no difference in postoperative weight loss. When all patients were compared by age at operation (< 16 years, n = 102, ≥ 16 years, n = 226), there were few differences in outcomes. CONCLUSIONS LSG is an effective approach to surgical weight loss in adolescents. Patient age should not be a barrier to weight loss surgery, especially among patients with a parental history of obesity. By intervening at a younger age, the metabolic sequelae of obesity may be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tashiro
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elise McKenna
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily C Alberto
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eleanor R Mackey
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evan P Nadler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Masip G, Foraita R, Silventoinen K, Adan RAH, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Hebestreit A, Keski-Rahkonen A, Lissner L, Mehlig K, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Pigeot I, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Bogl LH, Kaprio J. The temporal relationship between parental concern of overeating and childhood obesity considering genetic susceptibility: longitudinal results from the IDEFICS/I.Family study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:139. [PMID: 34732214 PMCID: PMC8567680 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genes and molecular pathways are associated with obesity, but the mechanisms from genes to obesity are less well known. Eating behaviors represent a plausible pathway, but because the relationships of eating behaviors and obesity may be bi-directional, it remains challenging to resolve the underlying pathways. A longitudinal approach is needed to assess the contribution of genetic risk during the development of obesity in childhood. In this study we aim to examine the relationships between the polygenic risk score for body mass index (PRS-BMI), parental concern of overeating and obesity indices during childhood. METHODS The IDEFICS/I.Family study is a school-based multicenter pan-European cohort of children observed for 6 years (mean ± SD follow-up 5.8 ± 0.4). Children examined in 2007/2008 (wave 1) (mean ± SD age: 4.4 ± 1.1, range: 2-9 years), in 2009/2010 (wave 2) and in 2013/2014 (wave 3) were included. A total of 5112 children (49% girls) participated at waves 1, 2 and 3. For 2656 children with genome-wide data we constructed a PRS based on 2.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Z-score BMI and z-score waist circumference (WC) were assessed and eating behaviors and relevant confounders were reported by parents via questionnaires. Parental concern of overeating was derived from principal component analyses from an eating behavior questionnaire. RESULTS In cross-lagged models, the prospective associations between z-score obesity indices and parental concern of overeating were bi-directional. In mediation models, the association between the PRS-BMI and parental concern of overeating at wave 3 was mediated by baseline z-BMI (β = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21) and baseline z-WC (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.23). To a lesser extent, baseline parental concern of overeating also mediated the association between the PRS-BMI and z-BMI at wave 3 (β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.13) and z-WC at wave 3 (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the prospective associations between obesity indices and parental concern of overeating are likely bi-directional, but obesity indices have a stronger association with future parental concern of overeating than vice versa. The findings suggest parental concern of overeating as a possible mediator in the genetic susceptibility to obesity and further highlight that other pathways are also involved. A better understanding of the genetic pathways that lead to childhood obesity can help to prevent weight gain. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry number: ISRCTN62310987 Retrospectively registered 17 September 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Masip
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dénés Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Leonie H Bogl
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kerem L, Lawson EA. The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7737. [PMID: 34299356 PMCID: PMC8306733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin and its receptor are involved in a range of physiological processes, including parturition, lactation, cell growth, wound healing, and social behavior. More recently, increasing evidence has established the effects of oxytocin on food intake, energy expenditure, and peripheral metabolism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the central oxytocinergic system in which oxytocin acts to shape eating behavior and metabolism. Next, we discuss the peripheral beneficial effects oxytocin exerts on key metabolic organs, including suppression of visceral adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle regeneration, and bone tissue mineralization. A brief summary of oxytocin actions learned from animal models is presented, showing that weight loss induced by chronic oxytocin treatment is related not only to its anorexigenic effects, but also to the resulting increase in energy expenditure and lipolysis. Following an in-depth discussion on the technical challenges related to endogenous oxytocin measurements in humans, we synthesize data related to the association between endogenous oxytocin levels, weight status, metabolic syndrome, and bone health. We then review clinical trials showing that in humans, acute oxytocin administration reduces food intake, attenuates fMRI activation of food motivation brain areas, and increases activation of self-control brain regions. Further strengthening the role of oxytocin in appetite regulation, we review conditions of hypothalamic insult and certain genetic pathologies associated with oxytocin depletion that present with hyperphagia, extreme weight gain, and poor metabolic profile. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials to learn whether oxytocin-based therapeutics can be used to treat obesity and its associated sequela. At the end of this review, we address the fundamental challenges that remain in translating this line of research to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kerem
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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