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Aqeeli A, Alsabaani AA, Alshaiban H, Alqassim AY, Alahmar AS, Sabai A, Alwadani S. Assessing the Dependence and Perceptions of the Harm and Addictiveness of Electronic Cigarettes among Saudi University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1289. [PMID: 38998824 PMCID: PMC11241595 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The rising prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students necessitates a comprehensive understanding of dependence levels and associated factors. This study investigates e-cigarette dependence among Jazan University students in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: With the use of a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 1187 students through an online survey from January to April 2024. Dependence levels were assessed using the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI), and the Arabic version of the questionnaire was validated through pilot testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with e-cigarette dependence. (3) Results: The results indicated that among current e-cigarette users, 37.4% had low dependence, 34.4% had medium dependence, and 13.8% had high dependence. A significant proportion of current and ever users regarded e-cigarettes to be less harmful (50.6% and 44.4%, respectively) and less addictive (37.9% and 32.3%, respectively) than cigarettes. Significant factors influencing dependence included gender, with males showing higher odds of medium (AOR = 12.8, 95% CI: 3.4-47.6) and low dependence (AOR = 9.7, 95% CI: 2.5-37.3) compared to females. Longer duration of e-cigarette use (>2 years) was strongly associated with high dependence (AOR = 50, 95% CI: 7.7-324). Daily use and multiple quit attempts were also significant predictors of higher dependence levels. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the substantial e-cigarette dependence among university students and underscore the need for targeted interventions to address this growing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Aqeeli
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Board for Preventive Medicine Residency Program, King Khalid University, Abha 61913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alshaiban
- Preventive Medicine Program, Aseer Health Cluster, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Y Alqassim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar S Alahmar
- ERADH and Mental Health Hospital, Jazan Health Cluster, Jazan 82943, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Sabai
- Population Health Unit, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan 82611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alwadani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Smith CE, O'Neil PM. Prevalence of Obesity Among Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Users in the United States: Results from the 2018 Wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1481-1487. [PMID: 38803011 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2354787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Tobacco use and obesity are leading causes of preventable death in the U.S. E-cigarette use is on the rise; however, obesity prevalence among e-cigarette users is unknown. The present study characterized obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users in a national sample of U.S. adults. Method: Data were obtained from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Approximately 249,726 participants provided data on e-cigarette and tobacco use, height, weight, and demographics, and were categorized as follows: Ever vaped, ever smoked; Ever vaped, never smoked; Never vaped, ever smoked; Never vaped, never smoked. Results: Obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) differed significantly across groups: 33.0% (ever vaped, ever smoked); 27.7% (ever vaped, never smoked); 33.1% (never vaped, ever smoked); 32.1% (never vaped, never smoked), p < .001. Groups also differed demographically. Logistic regressions adjusted for demographics revealed subjects in the never vaped, ever smoked group were significantly more likely to have obesity relative to those in the never vaped, never smoked group (p < 0.001) with vaping status having no main effect. Secondary analyses using never smokers as the reference found current smokers were less likely to have obesity and former smokers were more likely to have obesity, p < .001. Discussion: The present study is the first to characterize U.S. obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users. Obesity prevalence was lower in the ever vaped, never smoked group; however, this finding appears to be attributable to demographic variables. As e-cigarette use becomes more common, future research should examine the development and maintenance of obesity among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick M O'Neil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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3
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Mohapatra S, Wisidagama S, Schifano F. Exploring Vaping Patterns and Weight Management-Related Concerns among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2896. [PMID: 38792437 PMCID: PMC11122629 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Electronic cigarettes or vapes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid, often containing nicotine and flavouring substances, to produce an inhalable aerosol. Despite being used as an alternative to traditional smoking, many studies have reported their health risks and ineffectiveness in smoking cessation. The impact of e-cigarettes on weight control behaviours, a known effect of traditional cigarette smoking, is unclear. Herein, a systematic review was conducted to explore the relationship between e-cigarette use and body weight changes in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The existing literature from databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until October 2023 was searched and included in the review. The methodological quality of all selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists for Studies. Results: Out of 5117 citations, 20 publications featuring cross-sectional studies with adolescent participants were qualitatively analysed. The high rates of e-cigarette usage seemed to correlate with increased weight concerns, particularly among females. Regular e-cigarette users who reported being overweight and used calorie restriction for weight reduction were more likely to view vaping as a weight loss or control strategy. Young adults (<24 years) may consume more flavoured e-cigarettes than older users (>25 years). Conclusions: This study revealed a significant use of e-cigarettes among high school students, driven by taste preferences, weight management, and perceived harm reduction. Particularly among girls facing body image pressures, vaping serves as a weight control method. This highlights the need to assess cardiovascular risks and advocate for further research, including longitudinal studies, to inform public health strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Mohapatra
- General Internal Medicine Doctorate Programme, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | | | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
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Hochgraf AK, Fosco GM, Lanza ST. Comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping among young adults in college: a daily diary study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38713866 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2346354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate comorbidity between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Participants: Participants were 121 college students (M age = 20.51 years; 75.0% female; 75.2% White) who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Methods: Logistic regression was used to test links between baseline trait body dissatisfaction and vaping frequency across 14 days. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test within-person, daily links between body dissatisfaction and nicotine vaping. Results: Each additional unit of trait body dissatisfaction increased the odds of frequent vaping by 33% (95% CI [1.00, 1.77]) and daily vaping by 54% (95% CI [1.10, 2.15]). Within-person, daily associations between body dissatisfaction and vaping were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Body dissatisfaction may increase college students' risk for engaging in frequent nicotine vaping. However, daily changes in body dissatisfaction may not predict same- or next-day vaping. College students with body dissatisfaction may benefit from nicotine interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Hochgraf
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie T Lanza
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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La Rosa GRM, Qureshi MA, Frittitta L, Anastasi E, Polosa R. Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Substitution on Body Weight Status: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56324. [PMID: 38530329 PMCID: PMC11005425 DOI: 10.2196/56324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain following smoking cessation is a well-documented concern, often attributed to the absence of nicotine's metabolic influence. The adoption of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) has been used to achieve smoking cessation, with claims of aiding weight control. However, existing reviews present conflicting conclusions on ENDS' impact on weight status, necessitating a rigorous evaluation. OBJECTIVE We aim to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the actual impact of ENDS on weight status in individuals who have ceased or reduced conventional smoking. The primary goal is to provide clinicians with evidence-based insights into the potential effects of ENDS use as a smoking substitute on weight control. METHODS Adhering to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines, our systematic review will analyze randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, clinical trials (quasi-experimental), and prospective or retrospective cohort studies on the weight status effects of ENDS among individuals who have either quit or reduced smoking. Searches will include PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, covering the period from 2010 to January 2024. A gray literature search and supplementary searches will be performed. Data will be extracted independently by 2 reviewers and quality assessments will be conducted concurrently. Quality assessments will use Joanna Briggs Institute tools, 2020 version, along with bias assessments for internal validity and reporting bias based on the Catalogue of Bias. The included studies will be examined for any internal data reporting discrepancies by using Puljak's checklist. Meta-analysis and subgroup analyses (ie, general ENDS usage, ENDS use coupled with a reduction in smoking exceeding 50%, and exclusive ENDS use for achieving smoking cessation) are planned. Certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. RESULTS The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023494974) and the entire systematic review is expected to be completed by April 2024. The main goal of this review is to retrieve all current human research studies investigating the influence of ENDS on weight management among individuals who have quit or reduced smoking. Furthermore, the review will assess the quality of these studies and examine potential biases to identify the most dependable evidence available. Dissemination strategies will include traditional journal publications, social media announcements, and a white paper. The latter, available for download and distributed at conferences, aims to reach a broad audience, including clinicians and ENDS users. CONCLUSIONS The review will address the importance of informing health care professionals and patients about the current and robust evidence regarding the effects of transitioning to ENDS for smoking cessation on weight status. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023494974; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=494974. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/56324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Anastasi
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction, University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Buckner JD, Shepherd J, Stoneking FR, Zvolensky MJ. Dual Electronic and Combustible Cigarette Use: Understanding the Relation of Cannabis Use with E-Cigarette Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:432-438. [PMID: 37932873 PMCID: PMC10842333 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2275570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: E-cigarette use is on the rise and many who use e-cigarettes also smoke combustible cigarettes. Dual use (i.e., use of both electronic and combustible cigarettes) is associated with greater rates of cannabis use and cannabis use among individuals who engage in dual use is related to more severe ecigarette-related problems. Yet, no known studies have tested whether cannabis use is related to more severe e-cigarette problems via negative affect and the expectation that e-cigarettes can help manage negative affect. Objectives: The current study tested this hypothesis among 400 adults who endorsed dual use, 33% of whom endorsed current (past three month) cannabis use. Results: Results indicated that participants with cannabis use reported more anxiety, depression, e-cigarette problems, and the following e-cigarette use expectancies: negative consequences, negative reinforcement, and weight concerns. Multiple mediator models found that the relation between cannabis use status and e-cigarette problem severity was mediated by anxiety (but not depression) and by negative reinforcement and weight concerns (but not negative consequences) expectancies. Serial mediator models indicated that the relation between cannabis use and e-cigarette problems occurred via the serial effects of anxiety and negative reinforcement (but not weight concerns) expectancies. Conclusions: These results highlight several clinical correlates of cannabis use among adults who smoke combustible and e-cigarettes, and suggest that anxiety and the expectation that e-cigarettes may help manage such negative emotions play important roles in e-cigarette-related problems among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Justin Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Faith R Stoneking
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Maryland Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Pebley K, Mallawaarachchi I, Krukowski RA, Morris JD, Little MA. Sexy, trashy, cool: Perceptions of electronic cigarette users across sociodemographic groups and E-cigarette use among United States Air Force Airmen. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102250. [PMID: 37252065 PMCID: PMC10209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has increased in recent years. Military personnel have higher rates of e-cigarette use than civilian populations, with 15.3% of Air Force recruits using e-cigarettes. The current study assessed associations between perceptions of e-cigarette users and current use of e-cigarettes, and differences in sociodemographic characteristics to determine if there were different beliefs among different groups to inform intervention development among these straight-to-work young adults. Participants (N = 17,314) were United States Air Force Airmen (60.7% White, 29.7% women) who completed a survey during their first week of Technical Training. Regression results indicated that identifying as a man (B = 0.22, SE = 0.02), identifying as Black (B = 0.06, SE = 0.02), reporting younger age (B = -0.15, SE = 0.02), having less education (B = -0.04, SE = 0.02), and current e-cigarette use (B = 0.62, SE = 0.02) were associated with endorsing more positive e-cigarette user perceptions. Identifying as a woman (B = -0.04, SE = 0.02) and being younger (B = -0.06, SE = 0.02) were associated with endorsing more negative perceptions of e-cigarette users. Current e-cigarette use was inversely associated with negative e-cigarette user perceptions (B = -0.59, SE = 0.02). Differences across groups were found for individual e-cigarette user characteristics. Future intervention strategies among Airmen may benefit from addressing e-cigarette user perceptions to change use behaviors, as these perceptions may result in stigmatized beliefs related to e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey Pebley
- The University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Krukowski
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - James D. Morris
- The University of Memphis, Department of Psychology, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Melissa A. Little
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
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8
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Tran DD, Davis JP, Ring C, Wang J, Fitzke RE, Leventhal AM, Pedersen ER. Associations between depression, stress, and e-cigarette use among OEF/OIF veterans. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:245-251. [PMID: 37133546 PMCID: PMC10156999 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound mental and behavioral health implications for the general U.S. population. However, little is known regarding outcomes for U.S. veterans, who represent a population with high rates of depression, stress, and e-cigarette use. One month prior to the pandemic-related closures (February 2020), 1230 OEF/OIF veterans (ages 18-40) completed an online baseline survey. Six months later, participants completed a follow-up survey (83% retention rate). Hierarchical negative binomial regressions were used to examine the relationship between baseline depression and past 30-day e-cigarette use at follow-up and whether baseline stress moderated this relationship. Veterans who screened positive for depression or who endorsed higher stress levels reported greater e-cigarette use at follow-up. Stress also moderated the relationship between depression and e-cigarette use, such that regardless of stress levels, a positive depression screen was associated with greater rates of later e-cigarette use. However, for those with a negative depression screen, higher stress levels were associated with greater e-cigarette use relative to lower stress levels. Veterans with pre-pandemic depression and stress may be at highest risk for e-cigarette use. Ongoing assessment and treatment for depression and promoting stress management skills for veterans in e-cigarette use prevention and intervention programs may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D. Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Colin Ring
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reagan E. Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric R. Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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9
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Jacobs W, Orozco G, Villanueva G, Merianos AL. E-Cigarette and Cannabis Use Patterns, Depression, and Suicide Behaviors Among US Youth: Analysis of 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:77-83. [PMID: 35792818 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of current electronic cigarette and cannabis use patterns with depression symptoms and suicidal ideation and behavior overall and stratified by sex among U.S. high school students. DESIGN Quantitative, cross-sectional study. SETTING The 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. SUBJECTS 12,401 high school students in 9th-12th grade. MEASURES Dependent variables were depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt-related injury. Independent variables were past 30 day e-cigarette and cannabis use patterns. Covariates included demographics, grade level, and other tobacco product use. ANALYSIS Multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Approximately 15.7% of students were exclusive e-cigarette users, 4.5% were exclusive cannabis users, and 16.4% were concurrent e-cigarette and cannabis users. Exclusive e-cigarette and cannabis users, and concurrent users were at increased odds (P < .05) of having depression symptoms, seriously considered attempting suicide, planning suicide, suicide attempt, and having suicide attempt-related injury compared to non-users. Female users, especially concurrent users, had higher odds of reporting depression symptoms (P < .01) and all suicidal ideation and behavior outcomes (P < .01) than female non-users, but results varied for male students. CONCLUSION E-cigarette and cannabis use patterns significantly predicted depression symptomatology and suicidal ideation and behavior, with female students having higher odds. Results suggest the need for tailored interventions to address mental health and suicidality among U.S. adolescents, and especially female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology & Public Health Promotion, 14674California State University Stanislaus, Lathrop, CA, USA
| | - Georgina Orozco
- Department of Kinesiology & Public Health Promotion, 14674California State University Stanislaus, Lathrop, CA, USA
| | - Guadalupe Villanueva
- Department of Kinesiology & Public Health Promotion, 14674California State University Stanislaus, Lathrop, CA, USA
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Cabral P. E-cigarette use and intentions related to psychological distress among cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis vape users during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:201. [PMID: 35971158 PMCID: PMC9376900 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines associations between psychological distress, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis consumption through e-cigarette use among a diverse sample of U.S. young adults. Procedures Young adults (N = 314; 72.5% female) were recruited to complete an online survey during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Associations between psychological distress and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, cannabis vaping, and intentions to use e-cigarettes were found. Current e-cigarette use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.17, 1.28, p < .001; 7.5%) and cannabis vaping (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.88, 2.18, p < .001; 10%) was higher among female, possibly due to the significantly higher psychological distress reported among females. Interactions between intentions to use e-cigarettes and psychological distress variables were found for all smoking and vaping behaviors. Conclusions Public health efforts should increase focus on providing psychological services for young adults to improve coping strategies that are alternative to smoking and vaping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cabral
- Department of Psychology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA.
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Lee SH, Yi YH, Lee YI, Lee HY, Lim KM. Factors associated with long-term smoking relapse in those who succeeded in smoking cessation using regional smoking cessation programs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29595. [PMID: 35945709 PMCID: PMC9351863 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that approximately 10% of successful quitters relapse annually. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to long-term smoking relapse in individuals who succeeded in maintaining smoking cessation for 6 months after attending a regional smoking cessation program. This study enrolled 943 individuals registered for the regional smoking cessation program at the Busan Smoking Cessation Center in 2018-2019 who maintained smoking cessation for 6 months. A survey was conducted using a smartphone link or through phone calls, and the data for 305 participants who finally completed the survey were analyzed. The questionnaire addressed individual, inter-individual, organizational, and community-level factors related to smoking relapse. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with smoking relapse by period. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for the factors associated with smoking relapse for the entire period. The smoking relapse rate at the time of the survey was 25.4%. In the analysis of smoking relapse by period, relapse was associated with the belief that smoking relieves stress, the number of single-person households, and poor subjective health status. In the analysis of smoking relapse during the entire period, we observed a significant association with the belief that smoking relieves stress (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-4.61), single-person households (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.16-3.26), and high levels of emotional stress (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04-2.85). Long-term follow-up is necessary to prevent smoking relapse in single-person households, individuals who believe that smoking relieves stress, and those experiencing high levels of subjective emotional stress. Interventional therapies for stress relief and awareness improvement in smokers need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Busan Regional Hospice Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
| | - Yu Hyeon Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yu Hyeon Yi, Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Young In Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Lee
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Department of Health administration, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Lim
- Department of Nursing Science, Dong ju College, Busan 49318, South Korea
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12
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Hennigan KM, Olson KR, Baker JH, Munn-Chernoff MA. Associations between eating disorder symptoms and smoking and vaping use and motives in college students. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101652. [PMID: 35839570 PMCID: PMC9679963 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A positive association between eating disorder (ED) symptoms and cigarette use exists. However, little is known about the association between ED symptoms and e-cigarette use, as well as how these symptoms are related to motives for using cigarettes and e-cigarettes. In this study, 716 college students (M age = 19.23, SD = 1.65; 61 % female) completed an online survey that included the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, smoking and vaping questionnaires, and the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, which was modified for smoking and vaping. We examined mean differences in ED symptoms in lifetime (and past-month) cigarette and e-cigarette users versus non-users, and investigated correlations between ED symptoms and smoking and vaping motives. Finally, we evaluated whether biological sex influenced the results. Overall, 30.4 % of students reported lifetime smoking, 10.5 % reported past-month smoking, 23 % reported lifetime vaping, and 9.5 % reported past-month vaping. With the exception of higher mean scores for negative attitudes toward obesity in students reporting lifetime smoking versus never smoking after adjusting for sex (M = 5.97 vs. M = 4.52, t[713] = -3.76, q = 0.004), no significant mean differences emerged between those who used nicotine and those who did not, which reflected small to moderate effect sizes. Few associations were observed between ED symptoms and nicotine use motives. These findings suggest that the comorbidity between ED symptoms and smoking and vaping in a non-clinical sample is minimal, although additional research with larger sample sizes of males and females is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Hennigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen R Olson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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13
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Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Associations between vaping and eating disorder diagnosis and risk among college students. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101566. [PMID: 34534874 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is common among college-age young adults. Preliminary research has shown associations between vaping and eating disorder symptoms, however, there remain gaps in this knowledge among college students. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between vaping and a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and eating disorder risk among a large sample of college students. Cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study (n = 51,231) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the unadjusted and adjusted associations between vaping or e-cigarette use in the past 30 days and a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis (any diagnosis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder) and eating disorder risk (SCOFF). Among the sample, 19.0% of participants reported vaping or e-cigarette use in the past 30 days, 3.7% self-reported any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis, and 25.0% were at elevated risk for an eating disorder. Vaping or e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of all eating disorder measures, including the self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis items (any diagnosis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder) and elevated eating disorder risk, while adjusting for demographic and confounding variables. Among a large sample of college students, vaping or e-cigarette use was associated with a self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and elevated eating disorder risk, which may exacerbate the many medical complications associated with eating disorder behaviors. Clinical professionals should screen for eating disorder behaviors among college students who report vaping or e-cigarette use to monitor symptoms and medical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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14
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Sanchez R, Ranjit N, Kelder SH, Gill M, Hoelscher DM. Intention to lose weight and use of electronic cigarettes among adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101406. [PMID: 34136339 PMCID: PMC8181191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use among American adolescents is a major public health concern given the negative health consequences of nicotine in youth. Recent literature has shown that weight control may be one motivation for use in this population. This study examined associations between intention to lose weight and e-cigarette use among adolescents having overweight or obesity from an ethnically diverse sample of Texas youth by gender. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a state representative sample of 9056 eighth and eleventh grade students from the 2015-2016 Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition (Texas SPAN) study. Validated survey items assessed weight intentions and e-cigarette use. Staff collected anthropometric measures. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between e-cigarette use and weight intentions with gender interaction, adjusting for grade, race/ethnicity, economic status, weight-behaviors and stratified by BMI class. More than half (50.9%) of the weighted sample were Hispanic and 12.5% were Non-Hispanic Black; 8.5% used e-cigarettes; and 50.0% intended to lose weight. Of the 40.2% of the sample having overweight or obesity, 82.9% intended to lose weight. Among respondents with obesity, use of e-cigarettes was significantly higher among males intending to lose weight than among females intending to lose weight (12% versus 6%, p = 0.007). These findings contrast with previous research suggesting that e-cigarette use in females is more likely to be motivated by an intent to lose weight. The ethnic diversity of the Texas SPAN population may explain this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sanchez
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin TX 78701, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin TX 78701, USA
| | - Steven H. Kelder
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin TX 78701, USA
| | - Montana Gill
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Division of Community Health Improvement, 110 West 49 St., Austin, TX 78756, USA
| | - Deanna M. Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St., Suite 6.300, Austin TX 78701, USA
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15
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Pokhrel P, Bennett BL, Boushey CJ. Body esteem, weight-control outcome expectancies, and e-cigarette use among young adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:454-461. [PMID: 31927589 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is still scarce regarding the use of e-cigarettes by young people for weight-control reasons. This study aimed to test a model in which the prospective association between negative body esteem and e-cigarette use is mediated by weight-control outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use. The model was tested across genders. METHODS Data were collected at three time points, 6 months apart, from 2327 young adults (mean age = 21.2; SD = 2.2; 54% women). Self-reported data were collected on demographics, body mass index, body esteem, weight-control outcome expectancies for e-cigarette use, and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. RESULTS Among women, we found a significant indirect effect of lower body esteem on higher likelihood of current e-cigarette use 1 year later, mediated by higher weight-control outcome expectancies at 6-month follow-up, adjusting for demographics, body mass index, and baseline e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Among men, body esteem was not found to have significant effect on either weight-control expectancies or e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current findings, young adult women who have higher negative body esteem are at increased risk for using e-cigarettes for weight-control motives. IMPLICATIONS The current findings are some of the first to show prospective associations among weight-control motives and e-cigarette use among young adults. These findings suggest that a group of vulnerable young women may be using e-cigarettes to lose or control weight. More research is needed to understand their choice of flavors, nicotine concentration, and device type. In addition, research is needed to understand whether e-cigarettes are being marketed, directly or indirectly, as being useful for weight loss or control. There may be a need for health promotion strategies that provide healthier alternatives to young women struggling with low body esteem who use e-cigarettes for weight loss or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Pokhrel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Brooke L Bennett
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Carol J Boushey
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
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16
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Mason TB, Leventhal AM. Relations among sweet taste preference, body mass index, and use of E-cigarettes for weight control motives in young adults. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101497. [PMID: 33714925 PMCID: PMC8131312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While weight control is anecdotally reported as a motive for e-cigarette use, empirical evidence on correlates of weight control vaping motives is largely absent. This study evaluated main effect and interactive associations of body mass index (BMI) and sweet taste food preference-a construct defined by difficulty resisting sweet foods and consuming foods for mood regulation- with e-cigarette weight control motives among young adult e-cigarette users. Young adults (N = 99; 35% women) between the ages of 18-35 who currently used e-cigarettes ≥1 day/week for ≥1 month were recruited in Los Angeles, CA in January-August 2016. Participants completed an e-cigarette product appeal experiment that also involved questionnaire-based measures of vaping motives and participant characteristics, which are this paper's focus. Regression analysis of e-cigarette use for weight control motive outcomes revealed no main effect of BMI, a significant main effect positive association for sweet taste food preference, and a BMI x sweet taste preference interactive relation. The interaction was underpinned by a positive association between sweet taste preference and use of e-cigarettes for weight control at mean and + 1SD levels of BMI and no relation at -1SD BMI levels. Higher sweet taste preference might increase use of e-cigarettes for weight control, particularly in young adults with higher weight. Taking into account sweet taste preference might be useful in interventions promoting healthy weight control strategies instead of e-cigarette use to address overweight/obesity in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Burnley A, Bold KW, Kong G, Wu R, Krishnan-Sarin S. E-cigarette use perceptions that differentiate e-cigarette susceptibility and use among high school students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:238-246. [PMID: 33058696 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1826501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette use among adolescents is increasingly popular and a growing public health concern. OBJECTIVES To examine how individual e-cigarette use perceptions differ between adolescents based on e-cigarette use status and susceptibility to future use of e-cigarettes. METHODS Data were collected using surveys administered across eight Connecticut high schools (grades 9-12), Spring 2015. N = 2592 students (Mage = 16.01, SD = 1.28, Female = 51.7%) reported e-cigarette use and susceptibility and were categorized into non-susceptible never-users (57.8%), susceptible never-users (16.9%) and ever-users (25.4%). Youth also responded to 12 e-cigarette use perceptions describing perceived benefits and risks of e-cigarette use. RESULTS A multinomial logistic regression model was used. Eight use perceptions were related to susceptibility or use of e-cigarettes. The benefit-related use perception "feel relaxed" was the only item associated with greater odds of being both susceptible (vs. non-susceptible, p <.001) and an ever-user (vs. susceptible; p <.05). Two other benefit-related use perceptions were related to higher odds of being susceptible to e-cigarette use ("control your weight"; AOR = 1.82, p <.05; "look cool"; AOR = 3.13, p <.05). Results also identified key risk-related use perceptions that related to lower odds of either being susceptible to e-cigarette use ("have a heart attack"; AOR =.43, p <.001) or of ever-use ("have bad breath"; AOR =.28, p <.001; "get lung cancer"; AOR =.58, p <.05). CONCLUSION E-cigarette use perceptions among youth differ by e-cigarette use and susceptibility status. Findings could help identify youth who are vulnerable to e-cigarette use and inform prevention, for example by developing counter-messaging for benefit perceptions associated with susceptibility and ever-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Burnley
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Krysten W Bold
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ran Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Samuolis J, Morgan KD, Greer AE, Diaz G, Elimanco K. Simultaneous Use of Alcohol and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among College Students: Vaping History, Motivations for Use, and Outcome Expectancies. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:674-682. [PMID: 33648428 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1887256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Simultaneous polydrug use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and alcohol among college students is not well understood despite high rates of vaping and alcohol use among this population. The current study examined rates of simultaneous use and compared demographic characteristics, vaping history, motivations for initiating use, and outcome expectancies based on polydrug use status. Methods: An online and paper-and pencil questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students at a university in the northeast of the U.S. Purposive sampling strategies were used and a raffle was offered to incentivize participation. Results: Simultaneous polydrug use was prevalent in the sample of 670 college students, with 55.6% reporting simultaneous and non-simultaneous use, 34.0% reporting simultaneous use only, and 10.4% reporting non-simultaneous use only. An examination of differences based on polydrug use status indicated that students who reported simultaneous and non-simultaneous use were more likely to be males, report vaping daily, and endorse a wide range of motivations for use. Students who engaged in simultaneous use only were more likely to be females, indicate a social contextual-related motivation for initiating use, and had higher scores on appetite control, emotion regulation, and taste sensation outcome expectancies. Students who engaged in non-simultaneous use only were more likely to be nonwhite students and report the lowest expectation of health risks. Conclusions: The findings reveal differences based on simultaneous polydrug use status that can be informative in the development of contextually relevant prevention programming. Future research is needed to further explore simultaneous use of ENDS and alcohol.
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Dobbie F, Uny I, Jackson SE, Brown J, Aveyard P, Bauld L. Vaping for weight control: Findings from a qualitative study. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100275. [PMID: 32637557 PMCID: PMC7330875 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smokers have expressed concern about weight gain once they stop smoking and weight gain is a risk factor associated with smoking relapse. Nicotine in e-cigarettes, as well as vaping behaviour, may support smoking cessation by reducing weight gain. This study explored the factors that influence attitudes towards, and awareness of, e-cigarettes and weight control post smoking cessation. METHODS Qualitative study involving focus groups with adults in the UK (n = 58) who were either exclusive vapers or dual users. RESULTS There was limited awareness and/or inclination to vape to prevent weight gain after stopping smoking. Reasons for this centred on: the health gains of stopping smoking outweighing any potential weight gain; a lack of understanding of the appetite supressing effects of nicotine; a belief that vaping could not suppress appetite like a cigarette and could result in craving for certain flavours; concerns about the longer-term effects of e-cigarettes on health and the ethics of promoting vaping as way to support smoking cessation by limiting weight gain, especially for young women. CONCLUSION Participants in this study do not appear inclined to use e-cigarettes to prevent weight gain after smoking cessation. There is a lack of understanding about why nicotine might help prevent weight gain and a concern that e-cigarette flavours could provoke cravings and that vaping may be unsafe in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dobbie
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabelle Uny
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, UK
| | - Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health and SPECTRUM Consortium, University College London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health and SPECTRUM Consortium, University College London, UK
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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