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Fine H, Bonthu A, Kogan M. Integrative Geriatric Oncology: A Review of Current Practices. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01575-w. [PMID: 39042197 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to offer a comprehensive review of optimal integrative medicine practices for geriatric oncology patients. Given the aging population and the global rise in cancer incidence, it is crucial to identify evidence-based modalities and employ an integrated approach to enhance cancer outcomes and quality of life in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS It has been predicted that 20.5% (6.9 million) of new cancer cases in 2050 will occur in adults over 80 years old.1 The increasing focus on lifestyle factors in healthy aging has shed light on various overlooked areas of significance. Notably, anti-inflammatory diets and the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome have demonstrated significant impacts on overall health outcomes, bolstering the body's innate capacity to combat disease. This review delves into further evidence and extrapolation concerning integrative approaches and their influence on cancer outcomes and older adults quality of life. The complexity and unique nature of cancer in older adults requires a wide range of support from medical providers. Incorporating various integrative techniques as part of cancer treatment and side effect support can improve health outcomes and patient's quality of life. Familiarity with the lifestyle interventions and other topics explored in this review equips healthcare providers to offer tailored and holistic care to geriatric patients navigating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Fine
- GW Center for Integrative Medicine, GW University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Amrita Bonthu
- Georgetown University Masters in Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Mikhail Kogan
- GW Center for Integrative Medicine, GW University, Washington, D.C, USA.
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2
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Pabla P, Jones E, Piasecki M, Phillips B. Skeletal muscle dysfunction with advancing age. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:863-882. [PMID: 38994723 PMCID: PMC11250095 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
As a result of advances in medical treatments and associated policy over the last century, life expectancy has risen substantially and continues to increase globally. However, the disconnect between lifespan and 'health span' (the length of time spent in a healthy, disease-free state) has also increased, with skeletal muscle being a substantial contributor to this. Biological ageing is accompanied by declines in both skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms underpinning sarcopenia are multifactorial and are known to include marked alterations in muscle protein turnover and adaptations to the neural input to muscle. However, to date, the relative contribution of each factor remains largely unexplored. Specifically, muscle protein synthetic responses to key anabolic stimuli are blunted with advancing age, whilst alterations to neural components, spanning from the motor cortex and motoneuron excitability to the neuromuscular junction, may explain the greater magnitude of function losses when compared with mass. The consequences of these losses can be devastating for individuals, their support networks, and healthcare services; with clear detrimental impacts on both clinical (e.g., mortality, frailty, and post-treatment complications) and societal (e.g., independence maintenance) outcomes. Whether declines in muscle quantity and quality are an inevitable component of ageing remains to be completely understood. Nevertheless, strategies to mitigate these declines are of vital importance to improve the health span of older adults. This review aims to provide an overview of the declines in skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age, describes the wide-ranging implications of these declines, and finally suggests strategies to mitigate them, including the merits of emerging pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Pabla
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
| | - Eleanor J. Jones
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), U.K
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), U.K
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), U.K
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), U.K
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Azzolino D, Bertoni C, De Cosmi V, Spolidoro GCI, Agostoni C, Lucchi T, Mazzocchi A. Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and physical performance across the lifespan: a narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1414132. [PMID: 38966419 PMCID: PMC11223594 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1414132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Physical performance is a major contributor of mobility and independence during older life. Despite a progressive decline in musculoskeletal function starts from middle age, several factors acting during the life-course can negatively influence musculoskeletal functional capacities. Lifestyle interventions incorporating nutrition and physical exercise can help maximizing the muscle functional capacities in early life as well as preserving them later in life. Among various dietary compounds, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are gaining growing attention for their potential effects on muscle membrane composition and muscle function. Indeed, several pathways are enhanced, such as an attenuation of pro-inflammatory oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and reduction of insulin resistance. Methods We performed a narrative review to explore the existing literature on the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and physical performance across the life-course. Results Growing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs on muscle function, including physical performance parameters in mid to later life. On the other hand, despite a direct association in early life is not available in literature, some mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs may contribute to improved adult physical performance could be hypothesized. Conclusion Omega-3 PUFAs are gaining growing attention for their positive effect on muscle function parameters. The integration of physical function measures in future studies would be of great interest to explore whether omega-3 PUFAs could contribute to improved muscle function, starting from early life and extending throughout the lifespan. However, larger and high-quality RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation on muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Bertoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità—Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Lucchi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sato R, Vatic M, Peixoto da Fonseca GW, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Biological basis and treatment of frailty and sarcopenia. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae073. [PMID: 38828887 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an ageing society, the importance of maintaining healthy life expectancy has been emphasized. As a result of age-related decline in functional reserve, frailty is a state of increased vulnerability and susceptibility to adverse health outcomes with a serious impact on healthy life expectancy. The decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is key in the development of physical frailty. Both frailty and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in patients not only with advanced age but also in patients with illnesses that exacerbate their progression like heart failure (HF), cancer, or dementia, with the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia in HF patients reaching up to 50-75% and 19.5-47.3%, respectively, resulting in 1.5-3 times higher 1-year mortality. The biological mechanisms of frailty and sarcopenia are multifactorial, complex, and not yet fully elucidated, ranging from DNA damage, proteostasis impairment, and epigenetic changes to mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and environmental factors, many of which are further linked to cardiac disease. Currently, there is no gold standard for the treatment of frailty and sarcopenia, however, growing evidence supports that a combination of exercise training and nutritional supplement improves skeletal muscle function and frailty, with a variety of other therapies being devised based on the underlying pathophysiology. In this review, we address the involvement of frailty and sarcopenia in cardiac disease and describe the latest insights into their biological mechanisms as well as the potential for intervention through exercise, diet, and specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirela Vatic
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yan Z, Xu Y, Li K, Zhang W, Liu L. The relationship between dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1377910. [PMID: 38784137 PMCID: PMC11111862 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1377910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in the functioning of multiple body systems and reduced adaptability to external stressors. Dietary ω-3 fatty acids are considered beneficial dietary nutrients for preventing frailty due to their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. However, previous research has yielded conflicting results, and the association between ω-6 fatty acids, the ω-6: ω-3 ratio, and frailty remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between these factors using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Materials and methods Specialized weighted complex survey design analysis software was employed to analyze data from the 2005-2014 NHANES, which included 12,315 participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to assess the relationship between omega intake and frailty risk in all participants. Additionally, a nomogram model for predicting frailty risk was developed based on risk factors. The reliability of the clinical model was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results In dietary ω-3 intake, compared to the T1 group (≤1.175 g/d), the T3 group's intake level (>2.050 g/d) was associated with approximately 17% reduction in frailty risk in model 3, after rigorous covariate adjustments (odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.70, 0.99)). In dietary ω-6 intake, the T2 group's intake level (>11.423, ≤19.160 g/d) was associated with a 14% reduction in frailty risk compared to the T1 group (≤11.423 g/d) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00, p = 0.044). RCS results indicated a non-linear association between ω-3 and ω-6 intake and frailty risk. Both ROC and DCA curves demonstrated the stability of the constructed model and the effectiveness of an omega-rich diet in reducing frailty risk. However, we did not find a significant association between the ω-6: ω-3 ratio and frailty. Conclusion This study provides support for the notion that a high intake of ω-3 and a moderate intake of ω-6 may contribute to reducing frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Keke Li
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liangji Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Cailleaux PE, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:234-243. [PMID: 38391396 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenia is a wasting disease, mostly age-related in which muscle strength and mass decline, such as physical performance. With aging, both lower dietary protein intake and anabolic resistance lead to sarcopenia. Moreover, aging and sarcopenia display low-grade inflammation, which also worsen muscle condition. In this review, we focused on these two main targets to study dietary strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The better understanding in mechanisms involved in sarcopenia helps building combined dietary approaches including physical activity that would slow the disease progression. New approaches include better understanding in the choice of quality proteins, their amount and schedule and the association with antioxidative nutrients. SUMMARY First, anabolic resistance can be countered by increasing significantly protein intake. If increasing amount remains insufficient, the evenly delivery protein schedule provides interesting results on muscle strength. Quality of protein is also to consider for decreasing risk for sarcopenia, because varying sources of proteins appears relevant with increasing plant-based proteins ratio. Although new techniques have been developed, as plant-based proteins display a lower availability, we need to ensure an adapted overall amount of proteins. Finally, specific enrichment with leucine from whey protein remains the dietary combined approach most studied and studies on citrulline provide interesting results. As cofactor at the edge between anabolic and antioxidative properties, vitamin D supplementation is to recommend. Antioxidative dietary strategies include both fibers, vitamins, micronutrients and polyphenols from various sources for positive effects on physical performance. The ω 3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids also display positive modifications on body composition. Gut microbiota modifiers, such as prebiotics, are promising pathways to improve muscle mass and function and body composition in sarcopenic patients. Nutritional interventions could be enhanced by combination with physical activity on sarcopenia. In healthy older adults, promoting change in lifestyle to get near a Mediterranean diet could be one of the best options. In sarcopenia adults in which lifestyle changes appears unprobable, specific enrichement potentialized with physical activity will help in the struggle against sarcopenia. Longitudinal data are lacking, which makes it hard to draw strong conclusions. However, the effects of a physical activity combined with a set of nutrition interventions on sarcopenia seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, CHU Rouen
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition, inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition and CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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Luo L, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of sarcopenia in patients with esophageal, gastric or colorectal cancers receiving preoperative neoadjuvant therapy: A meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100436. [PMID: 38618524 PMCID: PMC11015508 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with esophageal, gastric, or colorectal cancer (EC, GC, and CRC) receiving neoadjuvant therapy through Meta-analysis. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase databases, and Cochrane Library for the prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on clinical outcomes in EC, GC, or CRC patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) from inception to November 2022. The primary endpoints were the prevalence of sarcopenia and overall survival in patients with EC, GC, or CRC treated with NAT. Secondary outcomes included recurrence-free survival, total postoperative complications, grade 3-4 chemotherapy toxicity, and 30-day mortality after surgery. Results Thirty-one retrospective studies with 3651 subjects were included. In a fixed-effects model, the prevalence of muscle loss was higher in patients with EC, GC, or CRC at 50% (95% CI = 42% to 58%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that preoperative patients with sarcopenia had a 1.91 times shorter overall survival (95% CI = 1.61-2.27) and a 1.77 times shorter recurrence-free survival time (95% CI = 1.33-2.35) than patients without sarcopenia, and that patients with sarcopenia had a higher risk of total postoperative complications than patients without sarcopenia OR = 1.27 (95% CI = 1.03-1.57). However, the two groups had no statistical difference in grade 3-4 chemotherapy toxicity (P = 0.84) or 30-d postoperative mortality (P = 0.88). Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with EC, GC, or CRC during NAT is high, and it is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Clinicians should closely monitor the changes in patients' body composition and guide patients to carry out a reasonable diet and appropriate exercise to improve their poor prognosis and quality of life. Systematic review registration CRD42023387817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Traumatic Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Mammography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chou SH, Cook NR, Kotler G, Kim E, Copeland T, Lee IM, Cawthon PM, Buring JE, Manson JE, LeBoff MS. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Physical Performance Measures in VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae150. [PMID: 38488491 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Declining muscle strength and performance in older adults are associated with falls, fractures, and premature death. OBJECTIVE To determine whether supplementation with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo for 2 years improves physical performance measures. DESIGN VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of supplemental vitamin D3 and/or omega-3 fatty acids vs. placebo in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease in 25,871 U.S. adults. This ancillary study was completed in a New England sub-cohort that had in-person evaluations at baseline and 2-year follow-up. SETTING Center for Clinical Investigations in Boston. PARTICIPANTS 1,054 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years). INTERVENTIONS 2x2 factorial design of supplemental vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/day) and/or marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 2-year changes in physical performance measures of grip strength, walking speed, standing balance, repeated chair stands, and Timed-up and Go (TUG). RESULTS At 2 years, all randomized groups showed worsening walking speeds and TUG. There were no differences in changes in grip strength, walking speeds, Short Physical Performance Battery (composite of walking speed, balance, and chair stands), and TUG between the vitamin D3-treated and the placebo-treated groups and between the omega-3-treated and the placebo-treated groups. Effects overall did not vary by sex, age, body mass index, or baseline measures of total or free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) or plasma n-3 index; TUG slightly worsened with vitamin D supplementation, compared to placebo, in participants with baseline total 25(OH)D levels above the median (p=0.01, p for interaction=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Neither supplemental vitamin D3 nor marine omega-3 fatty acids for 2 years improved physical performance in this generally healthy adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Gregory Kotler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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10
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Borda MG, Samuelsson J, Cederholm T, Baldera JP, Pérez-Zepeda MU, Barreto GE, Zettergren A, Kern S, Rydén L, Gonzalez-Lara M, Salazar-Londoño S, Duque G, Skoog I, Aarsland D. Nutrient Intake and Its Association with Appendicular Total Lean Mass and Muscle Function and Strength in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:568. [PMID: 38398892 PMCID: PMC10892025 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, and primarily rely on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. We aim to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, function, and strength. Data were derived from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study in Sweden, including 719,70-year-olds born in 1944 (54.1% females). For independent variables, the diet history method (face-to-face interviews) was used to estimate habitual food intake during the preceding three months. Dependent variables were gait speed (muscle performance), hand grip strength (muscle strength), and the appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI). Linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between the dependent variables and each of the covariates. Several nutrients were positively associated with ALSTI, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA), selenium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, and protein. After correction for multiple comparisons, there were no remaining correlations with handgrip and gait speed. Findings of positive correlations for some nutrients with lean mass suggest a role for these nutrients in maintaining muscle volume. These results can be used to inform clinical trials to expand the preventive strategies and treatment options for individuals at risk of muscle loss and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Germán Borda
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.G.B.); (J.P.B.); (D.A.)
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Samuelsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.); (L.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 62167 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Theme Inflammation & Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Patricio Baldera
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.G.B.); (J.P.B.); (D.A.)
- Escuela de Estadística, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Dirección de Investigación, Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 PH61 Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.); (L.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Silke Kern
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.); (L.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.); (L.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 62167 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Theme Inflammation & Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Salomón Salazar-Londoño
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Group, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.); (L.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway; (M.G.B.); (J.P.B.); (D.A.)
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
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12
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Jin T, Wang M, Zeng Z, He W, Zhang L, Mai Y, Cen H. Causal associations of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with sarcopenia-related traits: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:19-26. [PMID: 37653236 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the causal effect of plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sarcopenia-related traits (lean mass, grip strength and walking pace) utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we performed two-sample MR applying the inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, supplemented with four additional sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) was applied to assess these associations independent of alcohol drinking, type 2 diabetes (T2D), triglycerides (TG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS In univariable MR, the IVW analysis suggested no significant causal effect of genetically determined plasma omega-3 PUFAs on fat-free mass (right leg: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.05, P = 0.375; left leg: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.04, P = 0.446; right arm: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.05, P = 0.376; left arm: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.04, P = 0.384; trunk:β = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.06, P = 0.283; whole: β = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.04, P = 0.631), grip strength (right hand: β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.01, P = 0.387; left hand: β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.01, P = 0.553) and walking pace (β = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.02, P = 0.575), and sensitive analysis generated similar non-significant results. Furthermore, the MVMR revealed no independent causal association. CONCLUSIONS Genetically determined plasma omega-3 PUFAs have no causal effect on sarcopenia-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenming He
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yifeng Mai
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Han Cen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Thornton M, Sim M, Kennedy MA, Blodgett K, Joseph R, Pojednic R. Nutrition Interventions on Muscle-Related Components of Sarcopenia in Females: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:38-52. [PMID: 38043101 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease categorized by low muscle strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. Sarcopenia etiology is multifaceted, and while resistance training is widely agreed upon for prevention and treatment, disease progression is also highly related to poor diet. The incidence of sarcopenia appears sex-specific and may be increased in females, which is problematic because dietary quality is often altered later in life, particularly after menopause. Identifying effective nutrition or supplementation interventions could be an important strategy to delay sarcopenia and related comorbidities in this vulnerable population. This systematic review examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutrition strategies on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older females. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42022382943) and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. RCTs from 2013 to 2023 that assessed nutrition-only interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in female participants were included. Fourteen RCTs were included based on selection criteria. Study designs and interventions were heterogeneous in supplementation type and amount, age, and duration. Six RCTs reported beneficial effects of protein, Vitamin D, Vitamin D and Magnesium (Mg), and fish oil on muscle protein synthesis, muscle strength, and/or muscle function. Eight studies that examined various protein interventions, VitD alone, Mg alone, and dairy derivatives did not demonstrate any effect. Exercise appeared to modulate results in several studies. Nutrition interventions alone are likely to have a limited but positive effect on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in females. Current evidence suggests that a combination of dietary intervention and exercise is likely to be key to preventing and treating sarcopenia in middle aged and older females and there is a need for well-designed nutrition based studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Thornton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mary A Kennedy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Blodgett
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Richard Joseph
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachele Pojednic
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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14
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Zang W, Chen H, Yan J, Li D, Xiao N, Zheng X, Zhang Z. Research trends and hotspots of exercise for people with sarcopenic: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35148. [PMID: 38115285 PMCID: PMC10727540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the trends and themes in exercise and sarcopenia research using a bibliometric approach. The Web of Science citation database was used to identify papers published on exercise and sarcopenia. The retrieved data on institutions, journals, countries, authors, journal distribution, and keywords were analyzed scientometric ally using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. 2895 papers were included according to our specified inclusion criteria eventually. The data showed an upward trend in the number of published articles on exercise and sarcopenia. The countries with the highest number of publications were the United States, Japan, and England; research institutions were mainly composed of universities in Europe and the United States, and high-producing authors formed major collaborative teams, but cross-geographical and cross-institutional collaboration was not apparent; research was closely focused on 3 aspects: resistance exercise, resistance combined with other forms of exercise, and exercise combined with nutritional supplementation, of which resistance exercise was a particular focus; and recently, the research hotspots were mainly the effects of exercise on grip strength. The most cited articles were consensus guidelines published by the working group on sarcopenia in the elderly from different continents. The prevention and rehabilitation of sarcopenia in the elderly are gaining attention. Current primary exercise therapies for sarcopenia and exercise combined with nutritional supplementation have significant advantages and the potential to delay muscle decay. This suggests a promising area for future research that could benefit from further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zang
- Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Dong Li
- Department of International Culture Education, Chodang University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ningkun Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China
| | - Zezhong Zhang
- Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China
- Department of Sports, Harbin University, Harbin, China
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15
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Yildirim Borazan F, Citar Daziroglu ME, Erdogan Govez N, Acar-Tek N, Varan HD. The relationship between the quantity and type of macronutrients in diet and frailty in older outpatients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:3033-3040. [PMID: 37930590 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the quantity and type of macronutrients in the diet and frailty. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 106 patients were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included patients with pacemakers, edema, advanced dementia, acute infectious and inflammatory disease, and those using oral or enteral nutritional supplements. Frailty was assessed using the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Three-day dietary records were taken, 2 days on weekdays and 1 day on weekends. The Nutrition Information System (BeBis) 8.2 full version program was used to analyze the average energy and nutrient values of the consumed foods. Insufficient protein and energy intake were defined as taking less than 1 or 1.2 g/kg/day for protein and less than 30 kcal/kg/day for energy, respectively. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 74.3 (± 6.75), and 68.9% (n = 73) of them were women. 26.4% (n = 28) of the patients were classified as frail. There was no difference between the energy consumption of < 30 kcal/kg/day in the frail and non-frail groups. Protein consumption of less than 1.2 g/kg/day had a significant relationship with frailty. There was no significant difference between the consumed plant/animal protein ratio and frailty, but plant protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fiber intake were significantly lower in frail patients. Decreased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), advanced age, and increased number of medications were identified as independently associated factors with frailty. CONCLUSION This study found that frailty was associated with less than 1.2 g/kg/day protein consumption, lower fiber, and PUFA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Yildirim Borazan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey.
| | | | - Nazlican Erdogan Govez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Dogan Varan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
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16
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Robinson S, Granic A, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:852-864. [PMID: 37657521 PMCID: PMC10636259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle disorder characterized by a loss of muscle mass and impaired muscle function that is associated with poor health outcomes. Although nutrition is considered an important factor in the etiology of sarcopenia, the preventive potential of diet, specifically the extent to which differences in habitual patterns of diet and/or nutrient intakes impact risk of its development, is poorly understood. This narrative review considered research evidence on dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in mid- (<60 y) and young-older (60-70 y) adulthood to evaluate how they relate to age-related changes in muscle mass and function. A key finding was that current evidence on adult diet and sarcopenia risk in older age is limited and fragmented, with different outcomes reported across studies (for example, lean mass, strength) and few reporting links to incident diagnosed sarcopenia. As these outcomes are not interchangeable, it challenges collation of the evidence, leaving many gaps in understanding. There is also limited information about adult (<70 y) diet and few longitudinal studies with repeated dietary assessments to enable definition of cumulative exposures across adulthood. However, despite these limitations, findings from studies of dietary patterns already provide reasonably consistent messages about the benefits of diets of higher quality in earlier adulthood for later physical performance, although whole-diet intervention trials are urgently needed to understand their potential. In comparison, there is little evidence of benefits of higher intakes of individual nutrients in earlier adulthood for later muscle mass and function. Although these gaps need to be addressed in future research, there may already be sufficient data to promote messages about diet quality more widely - that healthier diets of higher quality across adulthood, with known benefits for a range of health outcomes, are also linked to the effective preservation of muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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17
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Sakuma K, Hamada K, Yamaguchi A, Aoi W. Current Nutritional and Pharmacological Approaches for Attenuating Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2422. [PMID: 37830636 PMCID: PMC10572610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a gradual slowing of movement due to loss of muscle mass and quality, decreased power and strength, increased risk of injury from falls, and often weakness. This review will focus on recent research trends in nutritional and pharmacological approaches to controlling sarcopenia. Because nutritional studies in humans are fairly limited, this paper includes many results from nutritional studies in mammals. The combination of resistance training with supplements containing amino acids is the gold standard for preventing sarcopenia. Amino acid (HMB) supplementation alone has no significant effect on muscle strength or muscle mass in sarcopenia, but the combination of HMB and exercise (whole body vibration stimulation) is likely to be effective. Tea catechins, soy isoflavones, and ursolic acid are interesting candidates for reducing sarcopenia, but both more detailed basic research on this treatment and clinical studies in humans are needed. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown not to improve sarcopenia in elderly individuals who are not vitamin D-deficient. Myostatin inhibitory drugs have been tried in many neuromuscular diseases, but increases in muscle mass and strength are less likely to be expected. Validation of myostatin inhibitory antibodies in patients with sarcopenia has been positive, but excessive expectations are not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Kento Hamada
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
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18
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Delaire L, Courtay A, Humblot J, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Mourey F, Racine AN, Gilbert T, Niasse-Sy Z, Bonnefoy M. Implementation and Core Components of a Multimodal Program including Exercise and Nutrition in Prevention and Treatment of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4100. [PMID: 37836384 PMCID: PMC10574358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing disability-free life expectancy is a crucial issue to optimize active ageing and to reduce the burden of evitable medical costs. One of the main challenges is to develop pragmatic and personalized prevention strategies in order to prevent frailty, counteract adverse outcomes such as falls and mobility disability, and to improve quality of life. Strong evidence reports the effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve various physical parameters and muscle function that are cornerstones of frailty. Other findings also suggest that the interactions between nutrition and physical exercise with or without health behavior promotion prevent the development of frailty. Multimodal programs, including structured exercise, adequate dietary intervention and health behavior promotion, appear increasingly consensual. However, in order for implementation in real-life settings, some pitfalls need to be addressed. In this perspective, structuring and tailoring feasible, acceptable and sustainable interventions to optimize exercise training responses are essential conditions to warrant short, medium and long-term individual benefits. The different components of exercise programs appear to be fairly consensual and effective. However, specific composition of the programs proposed (frequency, intensity, type, time, volume and progressiveness) have to be tailored to individual characteristics and objectives in order to improve exercise responses. The intervention approaches, behavioral strategies and indications for these programs also need to be refined and framed. The main objective of this work is to guide the actions of healthcare professionals and enable them to widely and effectively implement multimodal programs including exercise, nutrition and behavioral strategies in real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Delaire
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Aymeric Courtay
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Joannès Humblot
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada;
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - France Mourey
- Laboratoire CAPS (Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice), Inserm U1093, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | | | - Thomas Gilbert
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- RESHAPE Research on Healthcare Professionals and Performance, Inserm U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zeinabou Niasse-Sy
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Bonnefoy
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Inserm U1060-CarMeN, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Sha T, Wang N, Wei J, He H, Wang Y, Zeng C, Lei G. Genetically Predicted Levels of Serum Metabolites and Risk of Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3964. [PMID: 37764748 PMCID: PMC10536442 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites' connection to sarcopenia through inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction is presumed, but their impact remains unclear due to limitations in conventional observational studies caused by confounding bias and reverse causation. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the association of serum metabolites with sarcopenia and its related traits, i.e., appendicular lean mass and grip strength. Genetic instruments to proxy the serum metabolites were extracted from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study on the topic published so far. The corresponding summary statistics for the associations of genetic instruments with outcomes were calculated from the UK Biobank (n = 324,976 participants). The primary analyses were assessed by an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted median and MR-PRESSO methods were used as sensitive analyses. Fourteen genetically predicted serum metabolites were associated with the risk of sarcopenia (PIVW < 0.05). Two metabolites showed the overlapped association with sarcopenia and its related traits, which were isovalerylcarnitine (sarcopenia: odds ratio [OR] = 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11~14.52, PIVW = 0.034; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = -0.81~-0.09, PIVW = 0.015; grip strength: β = -1.51 kg, 95% CI = -2.31~-0.71, PIVW = 2.19 × 10-4) and docosapentaenoate (sarcopenia: OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03~0.83, PIVW = 0.029; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = 0.08~0.81, PIVW = 0.016). Twenty-seven metabolites were suggestive associated with appendicular lean mass or grip strength. This MR study provided evidence for the potential effects of metabolites on sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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20
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Shi Y, Tang Y, Stanmore E, McGarrigle L, Todd C. Non-pharmacological interventions for community-dwelling older adults with possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia: a scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105022. [PMID: 37084601 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive, age-related muscle disease that, if left untreated, imposes significant personal, social, and economic burdens. OBJECTIVE To compile and document the nature and extent of existing studies exploring non-pharmacological interventions as a strategy to prevent or treat possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD Thirteen databases were searched up from January 2010 to March 2023 and filters were limited to English and Chinese language. Studies with older adults (≥60 y) in the community were included. The review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidance and seven stages of methodology framework. A descriptive synthesis of trial characteristics and effectiveness was conducted. RESULTS A total of 59 studies were included in the analysis. Most studies were RCTs. Few studies enrolled older adults with possible sarcopenia. The 70-79 age group has been studied more than any other age group. Six intervention types were identified, including exercise-only, nutrition-only, health education-only, traditional Chinese medicine-only, multicomponent intervention and control type. Majority of exercise-only interventions received resistance-based exercise. In nutrition-only category, overall food intervention or nutrients intervention was more than dietary pattern. Moreover, exercise plus nutrition was the main sub-type in multicomponent interventions. Health education-only and traditional Chinese medicine-only interventions were less frequently identified. Most studies had high and moderate compliance. CONCLUSION There is evidence for the effectiveness of exercise and exercise plus nutrition interventions in improving muscle strength and physical performance, whereas the effectiveness of other intervention types or their combinations requires additional research. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF) Registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/RK3TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Yimin Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa McGarrigle
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Hamblen AJ, Bray JW, Hingorani M, Saxton JM. Physical activity and dietary considerations for prostate cancer patients: future research directions. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:298-304. [PMID: 36606326 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review considers current evidence on physical activity and dietary behaviours in the context of prostate cancer prevention and survivorship outcomes. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer amongst men, with over 1⋅4 million newly diagnosed cases globally each year. Due to earlier detection via screening and advances in treatments, survival rates are amongst the highest of all cancer populations. However, hormone treatments (i.e. androgen deprivation therapy) can lead to undesirable body composition changes, increased fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life, which can impair the overall wellbeing of men living with and beyond prostate cancer. Existing research has only provided limited evidence that physical activity and nutrition can impact a man's risk of prostate cancer but cohort studies suggest they can influence survival outcomes after diagnosis. Additionally, data from observational and intervention studies suggest that habitual physical activity (or structured exercise) and healthy diets can help to ameliorate hormone-related treatment side-effects. Current physical activity guidelines state that prostate cancer patients should complete at least three sessions of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with two resistance exercise sessions, but dietary guidelines for prostate cancer patients are less well defined. In conclusion, regular physical activity and nutritional interventions may improve survival outcomes and attenuate some adverse side-effects of hormone treatments in men with prostate cancer. However, further research is required to improve our understanding of the health impacts of physical activity (including structured exercise) and nutrition in relation to prostate cancer prevention and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hamblen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - James W Bray
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Mohan Hingorani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen's Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - John M Saxton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
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22
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Cochet C, Belloni G, Buondonno I, Chiara F, D’Amelio P. The Role of Nutrition in the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Patients: From Restoration of Mitochondrial Activity to Improvement of Muscle Performance, a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3703. [PMID: 37686735 PMCID: PMC10490489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by loss of muscle strength, mass and performance. Malnutrition contributes to sarcopenia pathogenesis. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze existing evidence on the efficacy of nutritional supplementation on muscle and mitochondrial health among sarcopenic or malnourished older adults. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), vitamin D and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on muscle mass, strength and performance and/or on mitochondrial activity and redox state in older sarcopenic and/or malnourished adults. The literature search was on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central, restricted to articles published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). Twelve RCTs with a total of 1337 subjects were included. BCAA with vitamin D significantly ameliorates appendicular muscle mass (4 RCTs), hand grip strength (4 RCTs), gait speed (3 RCTs), short physical performance battery (3 RCTs) or chair stand test (3 RCTs) among six out of nine RCTs. BCAA alone (2 RCTs) or PUFA (1 RCT) were not effective in improving muscle health. Mitochondrial function was significantly improved by the administration of BCAA alone (1 RCT) or in association with vitamin D (1 RCT). In conclusion, BCAA in association with vitamin D may be useful in the treatment of sarcopenia and boost mitochondrial bioenergetic and redox activity. PROSPERO CRD42022332288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cochet
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Giulia Belloni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Laboratory of Osteobiology and Aging Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, City of Health and Science University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia D’Amelio
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Osteobiology and Aging Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10124 Turin, Italy
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23
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Ozdemir O, Erten F, Er B, Orhan C, Komorowski JR, Sylla S, Perez Ojalvo S, Sahin K. Evaluation of pea/rice and amylopectin/chromium as an alternative protein source to improve muscle protein synthesis in rats. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2293-2302. [PMID: 37186279 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preclinical study reported that the combination of an amylopectin/chromium complex (ACr) of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) significantly enhanced muscle protein synthesis (MPS). This study was conducted to determine the effects of the addition of ACr complex to a pea/rice (PR) protein on MPS, insulin, muslin levels, and the mTOR pathway in exercised rats. METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: (i) exercise (Ex); (ii) Ex + PR 1:1 blend (0.465 g/kg BW); (iii) Ex + PR + ACr (0.155 g/kg BW). On the day of single-dose administration, after the animals were exercised at 26/m/min for 2 h, the supplement was given by oral gavage. The rats were injected with a bolus dose (250 mg/kg BW, 25 g/L) of deuterium-labeled phenylalanine to determine the protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) one h after consuming the study product. RESULTS The combination of PR and ACr enhanced MPS by 42.55% compared to the Ex group, while Ex + PR alone increased MPS by 30.2% over the Ex group (p < 0.0001) in exercised rats. Ex + PR plus ACr significantly enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and S6K1 (p < 0.0001), and 4E-BP1 (p < 0.001) compared to the Ex (p < 0.0001). PR to ACr also significantly increased insulin and musclin levels (p < 0.0001) in exercised rats. Additionally, compared to Ex + PR alone, Ex + PR + ACr enhanced mTOR (p < 0.0001) and S6K1 (p < 0.0001) levels. CONCLUSION These data suggested that PR + ACr may provide an alternative to animal proteins for remodeling and repairing muscle by stimulating MPS and mTOR signaling pathways in post-exercised rats. More preclinical and clinical human studies on combining pea/rice and amylopectin/chromium complex are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Ozdemir
- Department of Veterinary Science, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Batman University, 72000, Batman, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, 62500, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Besir Er
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Turkish Academy of Sciences, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition21 LLC, Harrison, NY, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Turkish Academy of Sciences, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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24
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Khoonin W, Shantavasinkul PC, Santivarangkna C, Praengam K, Trachootham D. Eicosapentaenoic acid and branched-chain amino acids fortified complete nutrition drink improved muscle strength in older individuals with inadequate protein intake. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1164469. [PMID: 37457975 PMCID: PMC10349202 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1164469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated inflammation and negative nutritional balance contribute to sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. This study investigated the effect of energy supplementation and the combination of anti-inflammatory factor (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and muscle-synthesis promotor (branched-chain amino acids; BCAA) on body composition, muscle, and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly with inadequate protein intake. Methods A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 84 elderly with inadequate protein intake. The participants were randomly assigned into four groups receiving a complete nutrition drink; (1) control formula, (2) fortified with 2.2 g EPA, (3) with 2.2 g EPA and 5 g BCAA (2:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val), and (4) with 2.2 g EPA plus 5g BCAA (4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val). Each subject consumed two sachets of the drink to gain 500 kcal/day and performed arm muscle exercises for 3 weeks. Body compositions and handgrip strength were measured using BIA and a dynamometer, respectively. Plasma EPA and BCAA levels were determined using LC-MS/MS to ensure compliance. Muscle protein biomarkers including histidine, β-alanine, and carnosine were measured using LC-MS/MS. Serum inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were measured by using ELISA. Results No symptoms and signs of adverse events were observed. The right arm muscle mass and handgrip strength were significantly increased after consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with EPA + BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. Consistently, consuming such combinatory formula non-significantly elevated carnosine with reduced histidine, and increased IL-10 with decreased IL-6. All relevant intervention groups showed a significant increase in plasma levels of BCAA and EPA. Conclusion Consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with 2.2g EPA and 5g BCAA 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val for 3 weeks may increase right arm muscle mass and strength in elderly with inadequate protein intake. The tendency of increased dipeptide (carnosine)/decreased free amino acid (histidine) suggests a shift toward muscle protein synthesis. The trend of decreased inflammatory/increased anti-inflammatory cytokines suggests an anti-inflammatory effect. Future long-term studies are warranted to confirm the combinatory effect of BCAA and EPA in the prevention of sarcopenia. Clinical trial registration Thailand Clinical Trial Registry No. TCTR20230116005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Khoonin
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kemika Praengam
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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25
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Taheri M, Chilibeck PD, Cornish SM. A Brief Narrative Review of the Underlying Mechanisms Whereby Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Influence Skeletal Muscle: From Cell Culture to Human Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:2926. [PMID: 37447252 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential for human locomotion as well as maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function (i.e., sarcopenia) is a result of pathophysiological processes that include inflammation, alteration of molecular signaling for muscle protein synthesis and degradation, changes in insulin sensitivity, as well as altered skeletal muscle satellite cell activity. Finding strategies to mitigate skeletal muscle loss with age is deemed paramount as the percentage of the population continues to shift towards having more older adults with sarcopenia. Recent research indicates omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can influence anabolic or catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. Our brief review will provide a synopsis of some underlying mechanisms that may be attributed to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation's effects on skeletal muscle. We will approach this review by focusing on cell culture, animal (pre-clinical models), and human studies evaluating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, with suggestions for future research. In older adults, omega-3 fatty acids may possess some potential to modify pathophysiological pathways associated with sarcopenia; however, it is highly likely that omega-3 fatty acids need to be combined with other anabolic interventions to effectively ameliorate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taheri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839 69411, Iran
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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26
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Ispoglou T, Wilson O, McCullough D, Aldrich L, Ferentinos P, Lyall G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Duckworth L, Brown MA, Sutton L, Potts AJ, Archbold V, Hargreaves J, McKenna J. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:892. [PMID: 37508325 PMCID: PMC10376679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing metabolic disease and secondary sarcopenia in type II diabetes mellitus is emphasized. Additionally, the potential benefits of resistance and aerobic training are explored. This review emphasises the role of nutrition in addressing sarcopenia in patients with CVD or MDs, focusing on strategies such as optimising protein intake, promoting plant-based protein sources, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids and ensuring sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, the potential benefits of targeting gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotic fibres in sarcopenic individuals are considered. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate behavioural science are explored to enhance the uptake and sustainability of behaviour-based sarcopenia interventions. Future research should prioritise high-quality randomized controlled trials to refine exercise and nutritional interventions and investigate the incorporation of behavioural science into routine practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is essential to improve health outcomes, well-being and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia and coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke Aldrich
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Gemma Lyall
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Lauren Duckworth
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra J Potts
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Victoria Archbold
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jackie Hargreaves
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
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27
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LeBoff MS, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: The VITAL and DO-Health Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:73-78. [PMID: 37325962 PMCID: PMC10272981 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical trials and systematic reviews on the effects of supplemental vitamin D on musculoskeletal outcomes are conflicting. In this paper, we review the literature and summarize the effects of a high daily dose of 2 000 IU vitamin D on musculoskeletal outcomes in generally healthy adults, in men (≥50 years) and women (≥55 years) in the 5.3-year US VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) trial (n = 25 871) and women and men (≥70 years) in the 3-year European DO-HEALTH trial (n = 2 157). These studies found no benefit of 2 000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D on nonvertebral fractures, falls, functional decline, or frailty. In VITAL, supplementation with 2 000 IU/d of vitamin D did not reduce the risk of total or hip fractures. In a subcohort of VITAL, supplemental vitamin D did not improve bone density or structure (n = 771) or physical performance measures (n = 1 054). In DO-HEALTH, which investigated additive benefits of vitamin D with omega-3 and a simple home exercise program, the 3 treatments combined showed a significant 39% decreased odds of becoming prefrail compared to the control. The mean baseline 25(OH)D levels were 30.7 ± 10 ng/mL in VITAL and 22.4 ± 8.0 ng/mL in DO-HEALTH and increased to 41.2 ng/mL and 37.6 ng/mL in the vitamin D treatment groups, respectively. In generally healthy and vitamin D-replete older adults not preselected for vitamin D deficiency or low bone mass or osteoporosis, 2 000 IU/d of vitamin D had no musculoskeletal health benefits. These findings may not apply to individuals with very low 25(OH)D levels, gastrointestinal disorders causing malabsorption, or those with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl S LeBoff
- Calcium and Bone Section, Skeletal Health and Osteoporosis Center and Bone Density Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University of Zurich and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Zhou HH, Liao Y, Peng Z, Liu F, Wang Q, Yang W. Association of muscle wasting with mortality risk among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37209044 PMCID: PMC10401550 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between muscle wasting and mortality risk in the general population remains unclear. Our study was conducted to examine and quantify the associations between muscle wasting and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched until 22 March 2023 for main data sources and references of retrieved relevant articles. Prospective studies investigating the associations of muscle wasting with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population were eligible. A random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the lowest versus normal categories of muscle mass. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to investigate the potential sources of heterogeneities among studies. Dose-response analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass and mortality risk. Forty-nine prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 61 055 deaths were ascertained among 878 349 participants during the 2.5- to 32-year follow-up. Muscle wasting was associated with higher mortality risks of all causes (RR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.44, I2 = 94.9%, 49 studies), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.58, I2 = 88.1%, 8 studies), cancer (RR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27, I2 = 38.7%, 3 studies) and respiratory disease (RR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.67, I2 = 62.8%, 3 studies). Subgroup analyses revealed that muscle wasting, regardless of muscle strength, was significantly associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk. Meta-regression showed that risks of muscle wasting-related all-cause mortality (P = 0.06) and CVD mortality (P = 0.09) were lower in studies with longer follow-ups. An approximately inverse linear dose-response relationship was observed between mid-arm muscle circumference and all-cause mortality risk (P < 0.01 for non-linearity). Muscle wasting was associated with higher mortality risks of all causes, CVD, cancer and respiratory disease in the general population. Early detection and treatment for muscle wasting might be crucial for reducing mortality risk and promoting healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sasaki CAL, da Costa THM. Dietary assessment of 101 para-athletes from team and individual sports. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:243-255. [PMID: 37167254 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the usual food intake of para-athletes enables knowledge and description of nutrient intakes, providing insight into the potential nutritional status of para-athletes and may help tailor dietary intake to their specific training needs. This study aimed to evaluate the usual intake of macronutrients and food groups and meal food patterns of athletes with a disability. We also compared dietary intake data between team and individual sport para-athletes. One hundred and one athletes with a disability from 13 Paralympic disciplines living in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil were included. Food intake was estimated from two or four non-consecutive 24-h food recalls in which para-athletes reported all food, beverages, and supplements consumed in the previous 24-h. Dietary intake analysis was performed by implementing the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to calculate the macronutrient and food group usual intake. Macronutrient intakes were compared to Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for the general population and food group intakes were compared to the 2008 Brazilian National Dietary Guidelines. Para-athletes consumed a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein, high-fat diet. There was no significant difference in macronutrient intake distribution between team sport and individual sport para-athletes. Most para-athletes had three main meals during the day. The prevalence of inadequate fruit servings in the middle and highest energy intake tertiles was significantly higher in team sport para-athletes (92.5% and 98.4%) than in individual sport para-athletes (90.8% and 65.5%), respectively. The prevalence of inadequate vegetable servings was significantly higher between team and individual para-athletes for the middle energy intake tertiles. Para-athletes generally consumed an imbalanced diet, which is a cause for concern given their additional physiological demands and specific training needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa H M da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
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Vignaud J, Loiseau C, Hérault J, Mayer C, Côme M, Martin I, Ulmann L. Microalgae Produce Antioxidant Molecules with Potential Preventive Effects on Mitochondrial Functions and Skeletal Muscular Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051050. [PMID: 37237915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have become a source of molecules for a healthy life. Their composition of carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, vitamins and carotenoids makes them a promising new source of antioxidant molecules. Skeletal muscle is a tissue that requires constant remodeling via protein turnover, and its regular functioning consumes energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced by mitochondria. Under conditions of traumatic exercise or muscular diseases, a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the origin of oxidative stress (OS) will lead to inflammation and muscle atrophy, with life-long consequences. In this review, we describe the potential antioxidant effects of microalgae and their biomolecules on mitochondrial functions and skeletal muscular oxidative stress during exercises or in musculoskeletal diseases, as in sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through the increase in and regulation of antioxidant pathways and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vignaud
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Josiane Hérault
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Martine Côme
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Isabelle Martin
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE (Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment), Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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31
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Dupont J, Wauters E, Dedeyne L, Vercauteren L, Amini N, Lapauw L, Matthys C, Verschueren S, Tournoy J, Koppo K, Gielen E. Are dietary intake and nutritional status of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with sarcopenia outcomes in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia? - Exploratory results from ENHANce. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:272. [PMID: 37147574 PMCID: PMC10161444 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake, nutritional PUFAs status and sarcopenia outcomes in sarcopenic older adults. METHODS The Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) is an ongoing 5-armed triple blinded randomized controlled trial, in sarcopenic older adults (> 65y) aiming to assess the effect of combined anabolic interventions (protein, omega-3 supplement and exercise) on physical performance in these adults, compared to single/placebo interventions. Baseline data were used for a secondary, exploratory, cross-sectional analysis. Dietary PUFAs intake was assessed with 4-day food records, status with RBC membrane fatty acids profiles. Spearman's rho(ρ) correlation coefficients were calculated to explore associations of PUFAs intake and status with sarcopenia-defining parameters (muscle strength, mass and physical performance), physical activity (step count) and quality of life (SF-36, SarQoL). RESULTS In total, 29 subjects (9♂/20♀, mean age 76.3 ± 5.4y) were included. Total omega-3 intake of participants (1.99 ± 0.99 g/d) was below the recommended intake (♂:2.8-5.6 g/d; ♀:2.2-4.4 g/d). Intake and status of PUFAs were not correlated. Regarding correlations with outcomes, α-linolenic acid status was inversely associated with appendicular lean mass (aLM) (ρ:-0.439; p = 0.017), whereas docosahexaenoic acid status was positively associated with aLM (ρ:0.388; p = 0.038). Some omega-3 PUFAs intake and status markers were positively associated with step count, SF-36 and SarQoL scores, whereas gamma-linolenic acid status was inversely associated with SF-36 physical component summary score (ρ = -0.426; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Although intake of omega-3 and omega-6 was low, the present exploratory study generated new hypotheses for potential correlations of PUFAs intake and status with sarcopenia outcomes in older adults with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolan Dupont
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eva Wauters
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenore Dedeyne
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vercauteren
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadjia Amini
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lapauw
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabillitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Lorenzo K, Santocildes G, Torrella JR, Magalhães J, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL, Ramos-Romero S. Bioactivity of Macronutrients from Chlorella in Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37432326 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a marine microalga rich in proteins and containing all the essential amino acids. Chlorella also contains fiber and other polysaccharides, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of the different macronutrients in Chlorella can be modulated by altering the conditions in which it is cultured. The bioactivities of these macronutrients make Chlorella a good candidate food to include in regular diets or as the basis of dietary supplements in exercise-related nutrition both for recreational exercisers and professional athletes. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of the macronutrients in Chlorella on physical exercise, specifically their impact on performance and recovery. In general, consuming Chlorella improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as physical stamina and reduces fatigue. These effects seem to be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activity of all its macronutrients, while each component of Chlorella contributes its bioactivity via a specific action. Chlorella is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein in the context of physical exercise, as dietary proteins increase satiety, activation of the anabolic mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway in skeletal muscle, and the thermic effects of meals. Chlorella proteins also increase intramuscular free amino acid levels and enhance the ability of the muscles to utilize them during exercise. Fiber from Chlorella increases the diversity of the gut microbiota, which helps control body weight and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Chlorella contribute to endothelial protection and modulate the fluidity and rigidity of cell membranes, which may improve performance. Ultimately, in contrast to several other nutritional sources, the use of Chlorella to provide high-quality protein, dietary fiber, and bioactive fatty acids may also significantly contribute to a sustainable world through the fixation of carbon dioxide and a reduction of the amount of land used to produce animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karenia Lorenzo
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garoa Santocildes
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe burn injury causes significant metabolic changes and demands that make nutritional support particularly important. Feeding the severe burn patient is a real challenge in regard to the specific needs and the clinical constraints. This review aims to challenge the existing recommendations in the light of the few recently published data on nutritional support in burn patients. RECENT FINDINGS Some key macro- and micro-nutrients have been recently studied in severe burn patients. Repletion, complementation or supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin D, antioxidant micronutrients may be promising from a physiologic perspective, but evidence of benefits on hard outcomes is still weak due to the studies' design. On the contrary, the anticipated positive effects of glutamine on the time to discharge, mortality and bacteremias have been disproved in the largest randomized controlled trial investigating glutamine supplementation in burns. An individualized approach in term of nutrients quantity and quality may proof highly valuable and needs to be validated in adequate trials. The combination of nutrition and physical exercises is another studied strategy that could improve muscle outcomes. SUMMARY Due to the low number of clinical trials focused on severe burn injury, most often including limited number of patients, developing new evidence-based guidelines is challenging. More high-quality trials are needed to improve the existing recommendations in the very next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Françoise Rousseau
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Center, University Hospital of Liège, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Pantet
- Intensive Care Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daren K Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Jang YJ. The Effects of Protein and Supplements on Sarcopenia in Human Clinical Studies: How Older Adults Should Consume Protein and Supplements. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:143-150. [PMID: 36474318 PMCID: PMC9998208 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass, strength, and performance decrease with age. It is associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, and contributes to an increase in mortality. Because managing sarcopenia is critical for maintaining good health and quality of life for the elderly, the condition has sparked concern among many researchers. To counteract sarcopenia, intake of protein is an important factor, while a lack of either protein or vitamin D is a major cause of sarcopenia. In addition, essential amino acids, leucine, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine, and citrulline are used as supplements for muscle health and are suggested as alternatives for controlling sarcopenia. There are many studies on such proteins and supplements, but it is necessary to actually organize the types, amounts, and methods by which proteins and supplements should be consumed to inhibit sarcopenia. In this study, the efficacy of proteins and supplements for controlling sarcopenia according to human clinical studies is summarized to provide suggestions about how the elderly may consume proteins, amino acids, and other supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
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35
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Chen W, Xu Z, You W, Zhou Y, Wang L, Huang Y, Shan T. Cold exposure alters lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle through HIF-1α-induced mitophagy. BMC Biol 2023; 21:27. [PMID: 36750818 PMCID: PMC9906913 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its contractile properties and role in movement, skeletal muscle plays an important function in regulating whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. A central component of such regulation is mitochondria, whose quality and function are essential in maintaining proper metabolic homeostasis, with defects in processes such as autophagy and mitophagy involved in mitochondria quality control impairing skeletal muscle mass and function, and potentially leading to a number of associated diseases. Cold exposure has been reported to markedly induce metabolic remodeling and enhance insulin sensitivity in the whole body by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. However, changes in lipid metabolism and lipidomic profiles in skeletal muscle in response to cold exposure are unclear. Here, we generated lipidomic or transcriptome profiles of mouse skeletal muscle following cold induction, to dissect the molecular mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism upon acute cold treatment. RESULTS Our results indicated that short-term cold exposure (3 days) can lead to a significant increase in intramuscular fat deposition. Lipidomic analyses revealed that a cold challenge altered the overall lipid composition by increasing the content of triglyceride (TG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), while decreasing sphingomyelin (SM), validating lipid remodeling during the cold environment. In addition, RNA-seq and qPCR analysis showed that cold exposure promoted the expression of genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. These marked changes in metabolic effects were associated with mitophagy and muscle signaling pathways, which were accompanied by increased TG deposition and impaired fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, HIF-1α signaling was highly activated in response to the cold challenge, which may contribute to intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mitophagy in a cold environment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data revealed the adaptive changes of skeletal muscle associated with lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles upon cold exposure. We described the significant alterations in the composition of specific lipid species and expression of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Cold-mediated mitophagy may play a critical role in modulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, which is precisely regulated by HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Fatigue is defined as a symptom leading to the inability to continue functioning at the expected activity level. It is a highly prevalent symptom, challenging to frame into monodimensional pathophysiological mechanisms. As a result, fatigue is often underestimated in the clinical setting and is wrongly considered an unavoidable consequence of ageing. Several potential mechanisms responsible for fatigue have been proposed, including sleep patterns, autonomic nervous system abnormalities and biological complexity. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the most promising mechanisms through which malnutrition may cause fatigue. Not surprisingly, fatigue is highly prevalent in inflammatory conditions (e.g. COVID-19 infection). The nutritional status may also represent a critical factor in the development and presentation of fatigue, which may mimic the exhaustion of the individual's metabolic reserves. For example, the insufficient dietary intake of energy and proteins may determine the catabolism of body fat and muscles, disrupt the homeostatic balance and cause the onset of fatigue. It is necessary to conduct research on fatigue. By characterising its pathophysiological mechanisms, it will be possible to (1) support the design and development of targeted interventions, (2) improve the quality of life of many persons by acting on the symptom and (3) reduce the direct and indirect costs of a burdening condition typical of advancing age. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role that nutrition may play as a determinant of fatigue in older people, also in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mellen RH, Girotto OS, Marques EB, Laurindo LF, Grippa PC, Mendes CG, Garcia LNH, Bechara MD, Barbalho SM, Sinatora RV, Haber JFDS, Flato UAP, Bueno PCDS, Detregiachi CRP, Quesada K. Insights into Pathogenesis, Nutritional and Drug Approach in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010136. [PMID: 36672642 PMCID: PMC9856128 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition related to the loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging, eating habits, physical inactivity, or even caused by another disease. Affected individuals have a higher risk of falls and may be associated with heart disease, respiratory diseases, cognitive impairment, and consequently an increased risk of hospitalization, in addition to causing an economic impact due to the high cost of care during the stay in hospitals. The standardization of appropriate treatment for patients with sarcopenia that could help reduce pathology-related morbidity is necessary. For these reasons, this study aimed to perform a systematic review of the role of nutrition and drugs that could ameliorate the health and quality of life of sarcopenic patients and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Lifestyle interventions have shown a profound impact on sarcopenia treatment but using supplements and different drugs can also impact skeletal muscle maintenance. Creatine, leucine, branched-chain amino acids, omega 3, and vitamin D can show benefits. Although with controversial results, medications such as Metformin, GLP-1, losartan, statin, growth hormone, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have also been considered and can alter the sarcopenic's metabolic parameters, protect against cardiovascular diseases and outcomes, while protecting muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Haber Mellen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Otávio Simões Girotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Boni Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Grippa
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation—University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Claudemir Gregório Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation—University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation—University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation—University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), São Paulo 17590-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 55-14-99655-3190
| | - Renata Vargas Sinatora
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | - Uri Adrian P. Flato
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cincotto dos Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation—University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), São Paulo 17590-000, Brazil
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Kim Y, Park Y. Intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish associated with prevalence of low lean mass and muscle mass among older women: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1119719. [PMID: 36895276 PMCID: PMC9989170 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary n-3 PUFA and fish on the risk of sarcopenia and muscle mass remain unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that intake of n-3 PUFA and fish is negatively associated with the prevalence of low lean mass (LLM) and positively correlated with muscle mass in older adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011, 1,620 men and 2,192 women aged over 65 years were analyzed. LLM was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index < 0.789 kg for men and <0.512 kg for women. Women and men with LLM consumed less eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fish. In women, but not men, the prevalence of LLM was associated with the intake of EPA and DHA (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.90; p = 0.002) and fish (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.82; p < 0.001). Muscle mass was also positively associated with the intake of EPA, DHA (p = 0.026), and fish (p = 0.005) in women, but not men. α-Linolenic acid intake was not associated with the prevalence of LLM and was not correlated with muscle mass. The findings suggest that consumption of EPA, DHA, and fish are negatively associated with the prevalence of LLM, and positively correlated with muscle mass in Korean older women, but not in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010044. [PMID: 36670909 PMCID: PMC9854691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of muscle homeostasis is vital for life and health. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only seriously reduces people's quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality, but also causes a huge socioeconomic burden. To date, no effective treatment has been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy owing to an incomplete understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Exercise therapy is the most effective treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy. Unfortunately, it is not suitable for all patients, such as fractured patients and bedridden patients with nerve damage. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy is crucial for developing new therapies for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, PubMed was systematically screened for articles that appeared in the past 5 years about potential therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy. Herein, we summarize the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagic-lysosomal pathway, caspases, and calpains in skeletal muscle atrophy and systematically expound the potential drug targets and therapeutic progress against skeletal muscle atrophy. This review focuses on current treatments and strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug treatment (active substances of traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, antioxidants, enzyme and enzyme inhibitors, hormone drugs, etc.), gene therapy, stem cell and exosome therapy (muscle-derived stem cells, non-myogenic stem cells, and exosomes), cytokine therapy, physical therapy (electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation, optogenetic technology, heat therapy, and low-level laser therapy), nutrition support (protein, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamin D), and other therapies (biomaterial adjuvant therapy, intestinal microbial regulation, and oxygen supplementation). Considering many treatments have been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy, we propose a combination of proper treatments for individual needs, which may yield better treatment outcomes.
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Nutrition in the prevention and management of sarcopenia - A special focus on Asian Indians. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2022; 8:135-144. [PMID: 36605171 PMCID: PMC9805983 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, is common in advanced old age but can be accelerated by chronic disease, malnutrition and physical inactivity. Early initiation of intervention to achieve and maintain a higher peak muscle mass and strength may allow for prevention or delay of sarcopenia and facilitate independent living even in old age. In this context, malnutrition, a significant contributor to sarcopenia, is often overlooked among the Indian population. Maintenance of an optimal energy and protein balance with adequate physical activity level is essential to preserve physical function in the aging population. However, research on the role of micronutrients in muscle maintenance, is still in its infancy. This narrative review, therefore, aims to explore the current status of International and Indian research on the role of nutrition in sarcopenia mitigation and the way forward.
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Uchida T, Sekine R, Matsuo K, Kigawa G, Umemoto T, Tanaka K. Benefit of laparoscopic compared to standard open gastric cancer surgery for sarcopenic patients: a propensity score-matching analysis. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:9244-9253. [PMID: 35840711 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is performed widely, but whether LG is the optimal treatment for sarcopenic gastric cancer patients is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether LG is particularly beneficial for gastric cancer patients with sarcopenia. METHODS We collected data concerning 604 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 2003 and December 2019. After adjustment using one-to-one propensity score matching, short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between LG and open gastrectomy (OG) groups among patients with sarcopenia and those without. RESULTS Among patients with and without sarcopenia, the LG group had a significantly longer operative time but less blood loss than the OG group. The two groups showed no significant differences regarding complications. Although 5-year overall and disease-specific survival were similar between LG and OG groups among patients with and without sarcopenia, LG was associated with greater 5-year non-gastric cancer-related survival than OG among patients with sarcopenia (88.3% vs. 78.1%, P = 0.048), but not those without. CONCLUSION LG for resectable gastric cancer was not inferior to OG regarding complications and outcomes in patients with or without sarcopenia. No difference in overall survival was evident between these approaches, but LG may lessen mortality from conditions unrelated to gastric cancer in sarcopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Sekine
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan
| | - Gaku Kigawa
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Umemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30, Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2278501, Japan
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Xu L, Yu H, Chen L, Xia W, Shi L, Yang Y, Huang Y. The modified computed tomography severity index combined with low skeletal muscle mass can better predict the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 29:1336-1345. [PMID: 35687043 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition parameters are associated with hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP). This study investigated the association between the quantity of muscle assessed using computed tomography (CT) and the severity of HTGP. METHODS The modified CT severity index (MCTSI) was calculated from admission examination data. Patients' characteristics and body composition parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. The receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding area under the curves (AUC) were calculated to test the efficiency of the model. A nomogram was then constructed. RESULTS Of the 175 included patients, 138 were male, of which 85 had moderately severe to severe HTGP. Patients with low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and high MCTSI were significantly more likely to have moderately severe to severe HTGP. Patients with LSMM had lower body mass index, lower HDL-C level, higher amylase level, prevalence of surgery, shorter umbilical waist circumference, and longer length of hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed that female sex, lipase, total cholesterol, LSMM-MCTSI (P = .004, odds ratio = 23.105), and albumin were risk factors. The TOTAL model that combined LSMM-MCTSI and clinical risk parameters performed best (AUCs = 0.875), followed by other models (LSMM-MCTSI: AUCs = 0.762, MCTSI: AUCs = 0.728). The Delong test revealed significant difference. Finally, a nomogram was developed to predict the severity of HTGP. CONCLUSION The performance of MCTSI in predicting severity can be improved by considering LSMM, which is a promising strategy for the treatment of HTGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhui Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weizhi Xia
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuzhi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingbao Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Functional Nutrients to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111149. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Current therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy. We herein summarize the molecular pathways triggered by denervation of the skeletal muscle that could be affected by functional nutrients. In this narrative review, we examine and discuss studies pertaining to the use of functional ingredients to counteract neurogenic muscle atrophy, focusing on their preventive or curative means of action within the skeletal muscle. We reviewed experimental models of denervation in rodents and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as that caused by aging, considering the knowledge generated with use of animal experimental models and, also, from human studies.
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Intrieri M, Saso L, Scapagnini G, Kang JX. Targeting NRF2-KEAP1 axis by Omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives: Emerging opportunities against aging and diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:736-750. [PMID: 36402440 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 play a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes. Therefore, activation of NRF2 provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies, including age-related diseases. An age-associated loss of NRF2 function may be a key driving force behind the aging phenotype. Recently, numerous NRF2 inducers have been identified and some of them are promising candidates to restore NRF2 transcriptional activity during aging. Emerging evidence indicates that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives may trigger a protective response via NRF2 activation, rescuing or maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the NRF2-KEAP1 system and its dysregulation in aging cells. We also summarize current studies on the modulatory role of n-3 PUFAs as potential agents to prevent multiple chronic diseases and restore the age-related impairment of NRF2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sarkopenie – Ein geriatrisches Syndrom mit hoher Relevanz für die Gefäßchirurgie. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jin X, Xu XT, Tian MX, Dai Z. Omega-3 polyunsaterated fatty acids improve quality of life and survival, but not body weight in cancer cachexia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Nutr Res 2022; 107:165-178. [PMID: 36283229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical trials have reported that patients with cancer cachexia can benefit from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplements; however, the results have been conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of n-3 PUFAs on cancer cachexia. A search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify the included randomized controlled trials. Trials including patients with cancer cachexia who were administered a course of n-3 PUFAs were included. A meta-analysis on body weight, lean body weight, proinflammatory factors, quality of life, and median duration of survival was conducted. A total of 12 randomized controlled trials with 1184 patients were included. No effect on body weight (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.10; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.26; P = .236), lean body weight (SMD, -0.17; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.03, P = .095), or proinflammatory factors (interleukin-6: SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.75; P = .18; tumor necrosis factor-α: SMD, -0.85; 95% CI, -2.39 to 0.69; P = .28) was observed. The use of n-3 PUFAs was associated with a significant improvement in quality of life (SMD, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.01-1.40; P = .048) and median duration of survival (median survival ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19; P = .014). For patients with cancer cachexia, our meta-analysis indicated that n-3 PUFAs improved quality of life and survival, but not body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xin-Tian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Xing Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhu Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Robertson HL, Michel C, Bartl L, Hamilton-Reeves JM. Sarcopenia in urologic oncology: Identification and strategies to improve patient outcomes. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:474-480. [PMID: 32456854 PMCID: PMC7683358 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function related to aging, undereating, disease conditions, or inactivity. Pre-existing sarcopenia diminishes the functional reserve of patients with cancer which increases their risk for frailty, cancer cachexia, and worse outcomes from treatments. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multi-factorial: opening opportunities for clinicians to work across disciplines to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The purpose of this essay is to describe sarcopenia, discuss clinical screening and assessment for sarcopenia, and highlight potential interventions to manage sarcopenia in the urologic oncology population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary L Robertson
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Carrie Michel
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Lucas Bartl
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Tingö L, Hutchinson AN, Bergh C, Stiefvatter L, Schweinlin A, Jensen MG, Krüger K, Bischoff SC, Brummer RJ. Potential Modulation of Inflammation by Probiotic and Omega-3 Supplementation in Elderly with Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation—A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193998. [PMID: 36235651 PMCID: PMC9573426 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic and omega-3 supplements have been shown to reduce inflammation, and dual supplementation may have synergistic health effects. We investigated if the novel combination of a multi-strain probiotic (containing B. lactis Bi-07, L. paracasei Lpc-37, L. acidophilus NCFM, and B. lactis Bl-04) alongside omega-3 supplements reduces low-grade inflammation as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in elderly participants in a proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study (NCT04126330). In this case, 76 community-dwelling elderly participants (median: 71.0 years; IQR: 68.0–73.8) underwent an intervention with the dual supplement (n = 37) or placebo (n = 39) for eight weeks. In addition to hs-CRP, cytokine levels and intestinal permeability were also assessed at baseline and after the eight-week intervention. No significant difference was seen for hs-CRP between the dual supplement group and placebo. However, interestingly, supplementation did result in significant increases in the level of the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. In addition, dual supplementation increased levels of valeric acid, further suggesting the potential of the supplements in reducing inflammation and conferring health benefits. Together, the results suggest that probiotic and omega-3 dual supplementation exerts modest effects on inflammation and may have potential use as a non-pharmacological treatment for low-grade inflammation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Tingö
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Food and Health Programme, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ashley N. Hutchinson
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-737-455-302
| | - Cecilia Bergh
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lena Stiefvatter
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Krüger
- Human Nutrition & Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 9101 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert J. Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
- Food and Health Programme, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden
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Orkaby AR, Dushkes R, Ward R, Djousse L, Buring JE, Lee IM, Cook NR, LeBoff MS, Okereke OI, Copeland T, Manson JE. Effect of Vitamin D3 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Risk of Frailty: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2231206. [PMID: 36098968 PMCID: PMC9471979 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Preventive strategies for frailty are needed. Whether supplements with anti-inflammatory properties, such as vitamin D3 or marine omega-3 fatty acids, are useful for frailty prevention is unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the effects of vitamin D3 and omega-3 supplements on change in frailty in older individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted in 2021, as a prespecified ancillary to the Vitamin D and Omega-3 (VITAL) trial, a 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial. A total of 25 871 individuals (men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥55 years), without cancer or cardiovascular disease and with data on frailty, were recruited across all 50 US states from November 2011 to March 2014 and followed up through December 31, 2017. Data analysis for the ancillary study was conducted from December 1, 2019, to March 30, 2022. INTERVENTIONS Vitamin D3, 2000 IU/d, and marine omega-3 fatty acids, 1 g/d. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Frailty was measured using a validated 36-item frailty index that includes measures of function, cognition, mood, and comorbidities from annual questionnaires. Change in frailty score from baseline to year 5, according to randomization, using an intention-to-treat protocol, was assessed using repeated measures. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed incident frailty. In subgroup analysis, an alternative frailty definition, the physical phenotype, was used as a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Of 25 871 VITAL trial participants randomized, 25 057 had sufficient data to calculate a frailty index. Baseline mean (SD) age was 67.2 (7.0) years, and 12 698 (50.7.%) were women. Mean (SD) frailty score was 0.109 (0.090) (range, 0.00-0.685), and 3174 individuals (12.7%) were frail. During a median 5-year follow-up, mean (SD) frailty scores increased to 0.121 (0.099) (range, 0.00-0.792). Neither vitamin D3 nor omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affected mean frailty scores over time (mean difference at year 5: vitamin D3, -0.0002; P = .85; omega-3 fatty acid, -0.0001; P = .90) or rate of change in mean frailty score (interaction with time: vitamin D3; P = .98; omega-3 fatty acid; P = .13) Incident frailty remained similar over time (interaction with time: vitamin D3, P = .90; omega-3 fatty acid; P = .32). Results were unchanged using the frailty physical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this ancillary study of the VITAL randomized clinical trial, treatment with vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, compared with placebo, did not affect the rate of frailty change or incidence over time. These results do not support routine use of either vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for frailty prevention in generally healthy community-dwelling older adults not selected for vitamin D3 deficiency. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01169259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela R. Orkaby
- New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rimma Dushkes
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Ward
- New England Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy R. Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meryl S. LeBoff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chen M, Wang Y, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Skeletal muscle oxidative stress and inflammation in aging: Focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:964130. [PMID: 36111339 PMCID: PMC9470179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.964130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle will have negative effect on multiple physiological parameters, such as exercise, respiration, thermoregulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological characteristics of skeletal muscle during aging. Here, we focus on aging-related sarcopenia, summarize the relationship between aging and sarcopenia, and elaborate on aging-mediated oxidative stress and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle and its critical role in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the production of excessive reactive oxygen species in aging skeletal muscle, which reduces the ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells to participate in muscle regeneration, and analyze the potential molecular mechanism of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aging skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have also paid extensive attention to the possibility and potential regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle aging and oxidative stress mediate inflammation. Finally, in response to the abnormal activity of oxidative stress and inflammation during aging, we summarize several potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of sarcopenia, which may provide beneficial help for improving sarcopenia during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Lin’an, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxing Lian, ; Kun Yu,
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