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Bellanca CM, Augello E, Di Benedetto G, Burgaletto C, Cantone AF, Cantarella G, Bernardini R, Polosa R. A web-based scoping review assessing the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on antidiabetic drug meabolism: implications for medication efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406860. [PMID: 38957391 PMCID: PMC11217182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently 1.3 billion individuals globally engage in smoking, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among diabetic patients. There is urgent need for a better understanding of how smoking influences antidiabetic treatment efficacy. The review underscores the role of cigarette smoke, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in modulating the metabolic pathways of antidiabetic drugs, primarily through the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), thus impacting drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the review addresses the relatively uncharted territory of how smoking cessation influences diabetes treatment, noting that cessation can lead to significant changes in drug metabolism, necessitating dosage adjustments. Special attention is given to the interaction between smoking cessation aids and antidiabetic medications, a critical area for patient safety and effective diabetes management. This scoping review aims to provide healthcare professionals with the knowledge to better support diabetic patients who smoke or are attempting to quit, ensuring tailored and effective treatment strategies. It also identifies gaps in current research, advocating for more studies to fill these voids, thereby enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes for this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Bellanca
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Egle Augello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Benedetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Burgaletto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Flavia Cantone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
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2
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Azmy Nabeh O, Amr A, Faoosa AM, Esmat E, Osama A, Khedr AS, Amin B, Saud AI, Elmorsy SA. Emerging Perspectives on the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Premenstrual Syndrome. A Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1279-1299. [PMID: 38668996 PMCID: PMC11096298 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are global health challenges. Both disorders are often linked to a range of physical and psychological symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of many women. Yet, the exact relation between DM and PMS is not clear, and the management of both conditions poses a considerable challenge. In this review, we aimed to investigate the interplay between DM, anti-diabetic drugs, and the different theories and symptoms of PMS. Female sex hormones are implicated in the pathophysiology of PMS and can also impair blood glucose control. In addition, patients with diabetes face a higher susceptibility to anxiety and depression disorders, with a significant number of patients experiencing symptoms such as fatigue and difficulty concentrating, which are reported in patients with PMS as well. Complications related to diabetic medications, such as hypoglycemia (with sulfonylurea) and fluid retention (with thiazolidinediones) may also mediate PMS-like symptoms. DM can, in addition, disturb the normal gut microbiota (GM), with a consequent loss of beneficial GM metabolites that guard against PMS, particularly the short-chain fatty acids and serotonin. Among the several available anti-diabetic drugs, those (1) with an anti-inflammatory potential, (2) that can preserve the beneficial GM, and (3) possessing a lower risk for hypoglycemia, might have a favorable outcome in PMS women. Yet, well-designed clinical trials are needed to investigate the anti-diabetic drug(s) of choice for patients with diabetes and PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Azmy Nabeh
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Amr
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eshraka Esmat
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Osama
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Basma Amin
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa I Saud
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Guo YY, Zhang JY, Sun JF, Gao H. A comprehensive review of small-molecule drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Synthetic approaches and clinical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116185. [PMID: 38295688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by the body's resistance to insulin and inadequate production of insulin. Small molecule drugs to treat T2DM mainly control blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin secretion, or reducing liver glycogen production. With the deepening of research on the pathogenesis of diabetes, many drugs with new targets and mechanisms of action have been discovered. The targets of the drugs for T2DM are mainly dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4), sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2), sulfonylurea receptor modulators (SUR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists (PPARγ), etc. We are of the opinion that acquiring a comprehensive comprehension of the synthetic procedures employed in drug molecule production will serve as a source of inventive and pragmatic inspiration for the advancement of novel, more potent, and feasible synthetic methodologies. This review aims to outline the clinical applications and synthetic routes of some representative drugs to treat T2DM, which will drive the discovery of new, more effective T2DM drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China; Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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4
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Azizogli AR, Vitti MR, Mishra R, Osorno L, Heffernan C, Kumar VA. Comparison of SGLT1, SGLT2, and Dual Inhibitor biological activity in treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300143. [PMID: 38223846 PMCID: PMC10783160 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2D) is an emerging health burden in the USand worldwide, impacting approximately 15% of Americans. Current front-line therapeutics for T2D patients include sulfonylureas that act to reduce A1C and/or fasting blood glucose levels, or Metformin that antagonizes the action of glucagon to reduce hepatic glucose production. Next generation glucomodulatory therapeutics target members of the high-affinity glucose transporter Sodium-Glucose-Linked-Transporter (SGLT) family. SGLT1 is primarily expressed in intestinal epithelium, whose inhibition reduces dietary glucose uptake, whilst SGLT2 is highly expressed in kidney - regulating glucose reabsorption. A number of SGLT2 inhibitors are FDA approved whilst SGLT1 and dual SGLT1 & 2 inhibitor are currently in clinical trials. Here, we discuss and compare SGLT2, SGLT1, and dual inhibitors' biochemical mechanism and physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
| | - Michael R Vitti
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
| | - Laura Osorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
| | - Vivek A Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103
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5
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Qing J, Song W, Tian L, Samuel SB, Li Y. Potential Small Molecules for Therapy of Lupus Nephritis Based on Genetic Effect and Immune Infiltration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2259164. [PMID: 35502341 PMCID: PMC9056222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2259164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and significant complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to its poor prognosis and mortality rates in SLE patients. There is a critical need for new drugs as the pathogenesis of LN remains to be elucidated and immunosuppressive therapy comes with many deficiencies. In this study, 23 hub genes (IFI6, PLSCR1, XAF1, IFI16, IFI44, MX1, IFI44L, IFIT3, IFIT2, IFI27, DDX58, EIF2AK2, IFITM1, RTP4, IFITM3, TRIM22, PARP12, IFIH1, OAS1, HERC6, RSAD2, DDX60, and MX2) were identified through bioinformatics and network analysis and are closely related to interferon production and function. Interestingly, immune cell infiltration analysis and correlation analysis demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression of 23 hub genes and monocyte infiltration in glomeruli and M2 macrophage infiltration in the tubulointerstitium of LN patients. Additionally, the CTD database, DsigDB database, and DREIMT database were used to explore the bridging role of genes in chemicals and LN as well as the potential influence of these chemicals on immune cells. After comparison and discussion, six small molecules (Acetohexamide, Suloctidil, Terfenadine, Prochlorperazine, Mefloquine, and Triprolidine) were selected for their potential ability in treating lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Qing
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Wenzhu Song
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Lingling Tian
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
| | - Sonia Biju Samuel
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center. 43 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
- Academy of Microbial Ecology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
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6
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Saeedi M, Mehranfar F, Ghorbani F, Eskandari M, Ghorbani M, Babaeizad A. Review of pharmaceutical and therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes and related disorders. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:188-213. [PMID: 35088682 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220128102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the essential diseases that are increasing in the world is type 2 diabetes (T2D), which many people around the world live with this disease. Various studies have revealed that insulin resistance, lessened insulin production has been associated with T2D, and they also show that this disease can have a genetic origin and is associated with different genes such as KCNQ1, PPAR-γ, calpain-10, ADIPOR2, TCF7L2 that can be utilized as a therapeutic target. Different therapeutic approaches and strategies such as exercise and diet, pharmacological approaches, and utilization of nanoparticles in drug delivery and gene therapy can be effective in the treatment and control of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) have both been considered as drug classes in the treatment of T2D and T2D-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and renal disease, and have considerable influences such as diminished cardiovascular mortality in individuals with T2D, ameliorate postprandial glycaemia, ameliorate fasting glycaemia, and diminish body weight on disease treatment and improvement process. In the present review article, we have made an attempt to explore the risk factors, Genes, and diseases associated with T2D, therapeutic approaches in T2D, the influences of drugs such as Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Acarbose, Januvia (Sitagliptin), and Ertugliflozin on T2D in clinical trials and animal model studies. Research in clinical trials has promising results that support the role of these drug approaches in T2D prophylaxis and ameliorate safety even though additional clinical research is still obligatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeedi
- Department of Hematology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fateme Ghorbani
- Department of immunology, Semnan university of Medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Eskandari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghorbani
- Department of Hematology, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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7
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Ben-David E, Hull R, Banerjee D. Diabetes mellitus in dialysis and renal transplantation. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211048663. [PMID: 34631007 PMCID: PMC8495524 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211048663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of end-stage kidney failure worldwide and is a proven and significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Renal impairment has a significant impact on the physiology of glucose homeostasis as it reduces tissue sensitivity to insulin and reduces insulin clearance. Renal replacement therapy itself affects glucose control: peritoneal dialysis may induce hyperglycaemia due to glucose-rich dialysate and haemodialysis often causes hypoglycaemia due to the relatively low concentration of glucose in the dialysate. Autonomic neuropathy which is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes increases the risk for asymptomatic hypoglycaemia. Pharmacological options for improving glycaemic control are limited due to alterations to drug metabolism. Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes are also common in the post-kidney-transplant setting and increase the risk of graft failure and mortality. This review seeks to summarise the literature and tackle the intricacies of glycaemic management in patients with CKD who are either on maintenance haemodialysis or have received a kidney transplant. It outlines changes to glycaemic targets, monitoring of glycaemic control, the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents, the management of severe hyperglycaemia in dialysis and kidney transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Ben-David
- Renal and Transplantation Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Hull
- Renal and Transplantation Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Debasish Banerjee
- Renal and Transplantation Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Room G2.113, Second Floor, Grosvenor Wing, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK
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8
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of Adenosma Bracteosum Bonati Extracts in Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34473321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Traditional medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties can be used as drugs or dietary adjuvants to existing therapies. This chapter presents the preparation of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Adenosma bracteosum Bonati (A. bracteosum) and evaluation of these for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities in vitro. In addition, we tested the extracts and the purified A. bracteosum compound (isoscutellarein 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) for antihyperglycemic effects in glucose-loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.
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9
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Wangnoo S, Shunmugavelu M, Reddy SVB, Negalur V, Godbole S, Dhandhania VK, Krishna N, Gaurav K. Role of Gliclazide in safely navigating type 2 diabetes mellitus patients towards euglycemia: Expert opinion from India. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Masilela C, Pearce B, Ongole JJ, Adeniyi OV, Benjeddou M. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Metformin and Sulphonylureas' Glycaemic Response among South African Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020104. [PMID: 33561991 PMCID: PMC7914534 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To examine the association of polymorphisms belonging to SLC22A1, SP1, PRPF31, NBEA, SCNN1B, CPA6 and CAPN10 genes with glycaemic response to metformin and sulphonylureas (SU) combination therapy among South African adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods: A total of 128 individuals of Swati (n = 22) and Zulu (n = 106) origin attending chronic care for T2DM were recruited. Nine SNPs previously associated with metformin and SUs were selected and genotyped using MassArray. Uncontrolled T2DM was defined as HbA1c > 7%. The association between genotypes, alleles and glycaemic response to treatment was determined using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. Results: About 85.93% (n = 110) of the study participants were female and 77.34% (n = 99) had uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c > 7%). In the multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression model analysis, the CC genotype of rs2162145 (CPA6), GG and GA genotypes of rs889299 (SCNN1B) were significantly associated with uncontrolled T2DM. On the other hand, the C allele of rs254271 (PRPF31) and the GA genotype of rs3792269 (CAPN10) were associated with controlled T2DM. A significant interaction between rs2162145 and rs889299 in response to metformin and SU combination therapy was observed. Conclusions: In this study, we reported the association of rs2162145 (CC) and rs889299 (GG and GA) with uncontrolled T2DM. We also reported the association of rs254271 (C) and rs3792269 (GA) with controlled T2DM in response to metformin and SU combination therapy. Furthermore, an interaction between rs2162145 and rs889299 was established, where the genotype combination GA (rs889299) and TT (rs2162145) was associated with uncontrolled T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Masilela
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brendon Pearce
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Joven Jebio Ongole
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Department of Family Medicine, Piet Retief Hospital, Mkhondo 2380, South Africa;
| | | | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
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Zeng L, Rasmuson ÅC, Svärd M. Solubility of Two Polymorphs of Tolbutamide in n-Propanol: Comparison of Methods. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3021-3026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Lian X, Wang N, Ma L, Jiang H, Bai D, Xue H, Ma Q. Determination of aucubin by supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and UPLC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats with type 1 diabetes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Passadakis P, Thodis E, Vargemezis V, Oreopoulos G. Recommendations for glucose control in diabetics on CAPD. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889902201001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Passadakis
- General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus of Thrace University
| | - E. Thodis
- General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus of Thrace University
| | - V. Vargemezis
- General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus of Thrace University
| | - G. Oreopoulos
- General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus of Thrace University
- The Toronto Hospital (Western Division) and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario - Canada
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14
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Thermodynamic Stability Analysis of Tolbutamide Polymorphs and Solubility in Organic Solvents. J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:1901-1906. [PMID: 27238487 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Melting temperatures and enthalpies of fusion have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for 2 polymorphs of the drug tolbutamide: FI(H) and FV. Heat capacities have been determined by temperature-modulated DSC for 4 polymorphs: FI(L), FI(H), FII, FV, and for the supercooled melt. The enthalpy of fusion of FII at its melting point has been estimated from the enthalpy of transition of FII into FI(H) through a thermodynamic cycle. Calorimetric data have been used to derive a quantitative polymorphic stability relationship between these 4 polymorphs, showing that FII is the stable polymorph below approximately 333 K, above which temperature FI(H) is the stable form up to its melting point. The relative stability of FV is well below the other polymorphs. The previously reported kinetic reversibility of the transformation between FI(L) and FI(H) has been verified using in situ Raman spectroscopy. The solid-liquid solubility of FII has been gravimetrically determined in 5 pure organic solvents (methanol, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and toluene) over the temperature range 278 to 323 K. The ideal solubility has been estimated from calorimetric data, and solution activity coefficients at saturation in the 5 solvents determined. All solutions show positive deviation from Raoult's law, and all van't Hoff plots of solubility data are nonlinear. The solubility in toluene is well below that observed in the other investigated solvents. Solubility data have been correlated and extrapolated to the melting point using a semiempirical regression model.
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15
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Azharshekoufeh L, Shokri J, Barzegar-Jalali M, Javadzadeh Y. Liquigroud technique: a new concept for enhancing dissolution rate of glibenclamide by combination of liquisolid and co-grinding technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:5-12. [PMID: 28546948 PMCID: PMC5439390 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: The potential of combining liquisolid and co-grinding technologies (liquiground technique) was investigated to improve the dissolution rate of a water-insoluble agent (glibenclamide) with formulation-dependent bioavailability.
Methods: To this end, different formulations of liquisolid tablets with a wide variety of non-volatile solvents contained varied ratios of drug: solvent and dissimilar carriers were prepared, and then their release profiles were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of size reduction by ball milling on the dissolution behavior of glibenclamide from liquisolid tablets was investigated. Any interaction between the drug and the excipient or crystallinity changes during formulation procedure was also examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Results: The present study revealed that classic liquisolid technique did not significantly affect the drug dissolution profile as compared to the conventional tablets. Size reduction obtained by co-grinding of liquid medication was more effective than the implementation of liquisolid technique in enhancing the dissolution rate of glibenclamide. The XRD and DSC data displayed no formation of complex or any crystallinity changes in both formulations.
Conclusion: An enhanced dissolution rate of glibenclamide is achievable through the combination of liquisolid and co-grinding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azharshekoufeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Shokri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Boyle SM, Simon B, Kobrin SM. Antidiabetic Therapy in End-Stage Renal Disease. Semin Dial 2015; 28:337-44. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Boyle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara Simon
- Division of Endocrinology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Sidney M. Kobrin
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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17
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Sharma N, Sim YB, Park SH, Lim SM, Kim SS, Jung JS, Hong JS, Suh HW. Effect of sulfonylureas administered centrally on the blood glucose level in immobilization stress model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:197-202. [PMID: 25954123 PMCID: PMC4422958 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with 30 µg of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yun-Beom Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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18
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Matsuda R, Anguizola J, Hoy KS, Hage DS. Analysis of drug-protein interactions by high-performance affinity chromatography: interactions of sulfonylurea drugs with normal and glycated human serum albumin. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1286:255-277. [PMID: 25749961 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2447-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) is a type of liquid chromatography that has seen growing use as a tool for the study of drug-protein interactions. This report describes how HPAC can be used to provide information on the number of binding sites, equilibrium constants, and changes in binding that can occur during drug-protein interactions. This approach will be illustrated through recent data that have been obtained by HPAC for the binding of sulfonylurea drugs and other solutes to the protein human serum albumin (HSA), and especially to forms of this protein that have been modified by non-enzymatic glycation. The theory and use of both frontal analysis and zonal elution competition studies in such work will be discussed. Various practical aspects of these experiments will be presented, as well as factors to consider in the extension of these methods to other drugs and proteins or additional types of biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 704 Hamilton Hall, 639 N 12 Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0304, USA
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19
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Zheng X, Matsuda R, Hage DS. Analysis of free drug fractions by ultrafast affinity extraction: interactions of sulfonylurea drugs with normal or glycated human serum albumin. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1371:82-9. [PMID: 25456590 PMCID: PMC4254497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast affinity extraction and a multi-dimensional affinity system were developed for measuring free drug fractions at therapeutic levels. This approach was used to compare the free fractions and global affinity constants of several sulfonylurea drugs in the presence of normal human serum albumin (HSA) or glycated forms of this protein, as are produced during diabetes. Affinity microcolumns containing immobilized HSA were first used to extract the free drug fractions in injected drug/protein mixtures. As the retained drug eluted from the HSA microcolumn, it was passed through a second HSA column for further separation and measurement. Items that were considered during the optimization of this approach included the column sizes and flow rates that were used, and the time at which the second column was placed on-line with the HSA microcolumn. This method required only 1.0 μL of a sample per injection and was able to measure free drug fractions as small as 0.09-2.58% with an absolute precision of ±0.02-0.5%. The results that were obtained indicated that glycation can affect the free fractions of sulfonylurea drugs at typical therapeutic levels and that the size of this effect varies with the level of HSA glycation. Global affinity constants that were estimated from these free drug fractions gave good agreement with those predicted from previous binding studies or determined through a reference method. The same approach could be utilized with other drugs and proteins or modified binding agents of clinical or pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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20
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Matsuda R, Kye SH, Anguizola J, Hage DS. Studies of drug interactions with glycated human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography. REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:79-94. [PMID: 26526139 PMCID: PMC4623599 DOI: 10.1515/revac-2013-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a health condition associated with elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream and affects 366 million people worldwide. Type II diabetes is often treated with sulfonylurea drugs, which are known to bind tightly in blood to the transport protein human serum albumin (HSA). One consequence of the elevated levels of glucose in diabetes is the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins such as HSA. Several areas of HSA are now known to be affected by glycation-related modifications, which may in turn affect the binding of sulfonylurea drugs and other solutes to this protein. This review discusses some recent studies that have examined these changes in drug-protein binding by employing high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). A description of the theoretical and experimental techniques that were used in these studies is given. The information on drug interactions with glycated HSA, as obtained through this method, is also summarized. In addition, the potential advantages of this approach in the areas of biointeraction analysis and personalized medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David S. Hage
- Corresponding author: David S. Hage, Department of Chemistry, 704 Hamilton Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA,
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21
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Du L, Chen Y, Shen J, Peng Y, Sun X. Cardiovascular safety of sulphonylurea: comment on the study by Monami et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:667-9. [PMID: 24320700 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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22
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Kim CH, Park SH, Sim YB, Kim SS, Kim SJ, Lim SM, Jung JS, Suh HW. Effect of tolbutamide, glyburide and glipizide administered supraspinally on CA3 hippocampal neuronal cell death and hyperglycemia induced by kainic acid in mice. Brain Res 2014; 1564:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Arnouts P, Bolignano D, Nistor I, Bilo H, Gnudi L, Heaf J, van Biesen W. Glucose-lowering drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease: a narrative review on pharmacokinetic properties. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:1284-300. [PMID: 24322578 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievement of a good glycaemic control is one of the cornerstones for preventing and delaying progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with both diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). As for other drugs, the presence of an impaired renal function may significantly affect pharmacokinetics of the majority of glucose-lowering agents, thus exposing diabetic CKD patients to a higher risk of side effects, mainly hypoglycaemic episodes. As a consequence, a reduction in dosing and/or frequency of administration is necessary to keep a satisfactory efficacy/safety profile. In this review, we aim to summarize the pharmacology of the most widely used glucose-lowering agents, discuss whether and how it is altered by a reduced renal function, and the recommendations that can be made for their use in patients with different degrees of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Arnouts
- Nephrology-Diabetology Department, AZ Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Davide Bolignano
- European Renal Best Practice Methods Support Team, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium CNR-IBIM, Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, Italy
| | - Ionut Nistor
- European Renal Best Practice Methods Support Team, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Nephrology Department, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Henk Bilo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- Unit For Metabolic Medicine, Department Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Division, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - James Heaf
- Department of Nephrology B, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim van Biesen
- European Renal Best Practice Methods Support Team, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Gómez-Huelgas R, Martínez-Castelao A, Artola S, Górriz JL, Menéndez E. [Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease. Grupo de Trabajo para el Documento de Consenso sobre el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica]. Med Clin (Barc) 2013; 142:85.e1-10. [PMID: 24268912 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent chronic diseases, which represent an important public health problem and require a multidisciplinary management. T2DM is the main cause of CKD and it also causes a significant comorbidity with regard to non-diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetes and kidney disease represent a special risk group as they have higher morbi-mortality as well as higher risk of hypoglycemia than diabetic individuals with a normal kidney function. Treatment of T2DM in patients with CKD is controversial because of the scarcity of available evidence. The current consensus report aims to ease the appropriate selection and dosage of antidiabetic treatments as well as the establishment of safety objectives of glycemic control in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Martínez-Castelao
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN), Grupo Español de Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética (GEENDIAB), España
| | - Sara Artola
- Red de Grupos de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria (redGDPS), España
| | - José Luis Górriz
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN), Grupo Español de Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética (GEENDIAB), España
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25
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Anguizola J, Joseph K, Barnaby OS, Matsuda R, Alvarado G, Clarke W, Cerny RL, Hage DS. Development of affinity microcolumns for drug-protein binding studies in personalized medicine: interactions of sulfonylurea drugs with in vivo glycated human serum albumin. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4453-60. [PMID: 23544441 PMCID: PMC3696407 DOI: 10.1021/ac303734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This report used high-performance affinity microcolumns to examine the changes in binding by sulfonylurea drugs to in vivo glycated HSA that had been isolated from individual patients with diabetes. An immunoextraction approach was developed to isolate HSA and glycated HSA from clinical samples, using only 20 μL of plasma or serum and 6-12 nmol of protein to prepare each affinity microcolumn. It was found that the affinity microcolumns could be used in either frontal analysis or zonal elution studies, which typically required only 4-8 min per run. The microcolumns had good stability and allowed data to be obtained for multiple drugs and experimental conditions over hundreds of sample application cycles. Both the overall binding, as measured by frontal analysis, and site-specific interactions, as examined by zonal elution, showed good agreement with previous data that had been obtained for in vitro glycated HSA with similar levels of modification. It was also possible to directly compare the changes in site-specific binding that occurred between sulfonylurea drugs or as the level of HSA glycation was varied. This method is not limited to clinical samples of glycated HSA but could be adapted for work with other modified proteins of interest in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.S. Joseph
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Omar S. Barnaby
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ryan Matsuda
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ronald L. Cerny
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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26
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Matsuda R, Anguizola J, Joseph K, Hage DS. Analysis of drug interactions with modified proteins by high-performance affinity chromatography: binding of glibenclamide to normal and glycated human serum albumin. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1265:114-22. [PMID: 23092871 PMCID: PMC3489001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) was used to examine the changes in binding that occur for the sulfonylurea drug glibenclamide with human serum albumin (HSA) at various stages of glycation for HSA. Frontal analysis on columns containing normal HSA or glycated HSA indicated glibenclamide was interacting through both high affinity sites (association equilibrium constant, K(a), 1.4-1.9 × 10(6)M(-1) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C) and lower affinity sites (K(a), 4.4-7.2 × 10(4)M(-1)). Competition studies were used to examine the effect of glycation at specific binding sites of HSA. An increase in affinity of 1.7- to 1.9-fold was seen at Sudlow site I with moderate to high levels of glycation. An even larger increase of 4.3- to 6.0-fold in affinity was noted at Sudlow site II for all of the tested samples of glycated HSA. A slight decrease in affinity may have occurred at the digitoxin site, but this change was not significant for any individual glycated HSA sample. These results illustrate how HPAC can be used as tool for examining the interactions of relatively non-polar drugs like glibenclamide with modified proteins and should lead to a more complete understanding of how glycation can alter the binding of drugs in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - Jeanethe Anguizola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - K.S. Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - David S. Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
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27
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Simard JM, Woo SK, Schwartzbauer GT, Gerzanich V. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 in central nervous system injury: a focused review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1699-717. [PMID: 22714048 PMCID: PMC3434627 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel is a nonselective cation channel that is regulated by intracellular calcium and adenosine triphosphate. The channel is not constitutively expressed, but is transcriptionally upregulated de novo in all cells of the neurovascular unit, in many forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury, including cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The channel is linked to microvascular dysfunction that manifests as edema formation and delayed secondary hemorrhage. Also implicated in oncotic cell swelling and oncotic (necrotic) cell death, the channel is a major molecular mechanism of 'accidental necrotic cell death' in the CNS. In animal models of SCI, pharmacological inhibition of Sur1 by glibenclamide, as well as gene suppression of Abcc8, prevents delayed capillary fragmentation and tissue necrosis. In models of stroke and TBI, glibenclamide ameliorates edema, secondary hemorrhage, and tissue damage. In a model of SAH, glibenclamide attenuates the inflammatory response due to extravasated blood. Clinical trials of an intravenous formulation of glibenclamide in TBI and stroke underscore the importance of recent advances in understanding the role of the Sur1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel in acute ischemic, traumatic, and inflammatory injury to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA.
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28
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Matsuda R, Anguizola J, Joseph K, Hage DS. High-performance affinity chromatography and the analysis of drug interactions with modified proteins: binding of gliclazide with glycated human serum albumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:2811-9. [PMID: 21922305 PMCID: PMC3205319 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study used high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) to examine the binding of gliclazide (i.e., a sulfonylurea drug used to treat diabetes) with the protein human serum albumin (HSA) at various stages of modification due to glycation. Frontal analysis conducted with small HPAC columns was first used to estimate the number of binding sites and association equilibrium constants (K(a)) for gliclazide with normal HSA and glycated HSA. Both normal and glycated HSA interacted with gliclazide according to a two-site model, with a class of high-affinity sites (average K(a), 7.1-10 × 10(4) M(-1)) and a group of lower-affinity sites (average K(a), 5.7-8.9 × 10(3) M(-1)) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Competition experiments indicated that Sudlow sites I and II of HSA were both involved in these interactions, with the K(a) values for gliclazide at these sites being 1.9 × 10(4) and 6.0 × 10(4) M(-1), respectively, for normal HSA. Two samples of glycated HSA had similar affinities to normal HSA for gliclazide at Sudlow site I, but one sample had a 1.9-fold increase in affinity at this site. All three glycated HSA samples differed from normal HSA in their affinity for gliclazide at Sudlow site II. This work illustrated how HPAC can be used to examine both the overall binding of a drug with normal or modified proteins and the site-specific changes that can occur in these interactions as a result of protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jeanethe Anguizola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - K.S. Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S. Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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29
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Wlodarczyk P, Paluch M, Wojnarowska Z, Hawelek L, Kaminski K, Pilch J. Theoretical and experimental studies on the internal mobility of two sulfonylurea agents: glibenclamide and glimepiride. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:425901. [PMID: 21983107 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/42/425901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics of glibenclamide and glimepiride in their glassy state were studied by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In both compounds we found a γ-relaxation process, with nearly the same value of activation energy. Further, we were able to identify the origin of γ relaxation by performing calculations within the framework of density functional theory. It was found that rotation of the chain end included cyclohexyl and neighboring carbonyl group is related to the observed mode in dielectric spectra. The calculated activation energy was only a few kJ per mole lower than the energies obtained from experiment. It is demonstrated that this fast γ process is insensitive to pressure. Finally, another secondary mode in glibenclamide, predicted by computations, was confirmed from dielectric measurements at elevated pressure. Our calculations indicate that this mode should be pressure-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wlodarczyk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ulica Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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30
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Joseph K, Anguizola J, Hage DS. Binding of tolbutamide to glycated human serum albumin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:426-32. [PMID: 20880646 PMCID: PMC2962718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of elevated levels of glucose in blood during diabetes can lead to the non-enzymatic glycation of serum proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA). This study examined the changes that occur in binding of the sulfonylurea drug tolbutamide to HSA as the level of glycation for this protein was increased. High-performance affinity chromatography was used in this work along with columns containing various preparations of in vitro glycated HSA. It was found in frontal analysis experiments that the binding of tolbutamide with all of the tested preparations of glycated HSA could be described by a two-site model involving both strong and weak affinity interactions. The association equilibrium constants (K(a)) for tolbutamide at its high affinity sites on glycated HSA were in the range of 0.8-1.2 x 10⁵ M⁻¹ and increased by 1.4-fold in going from normal HSA to mildly glycated HSA. It was found through competition studies that tolbutamide was binding at both Sudlow sites I and II on the glycated HSA, in agreement with previous studies. The K(a) for tolbutamide at Sudlow site II increased by 1.1- to 1.4-fold in going from normal HSA to glycated HSA. At Sudlow site I, the K(a) for tolbutamide increased by 1.2- to 1.3-fold in going from normal HSA to the glycated HSA samples. This information demonstrates the effects that glycation can have on drug interactions on HSA and should provide a better quantitative understanding of how the protein binding of tolbutamide in serum may be affected for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.S. Joseph
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - Jeanethe Anguizola
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
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31
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Yoo MJ, Hage DS. Use of peak decay analysis and affinity microcolumns containing silica monoliths for rapid determination of drug-protein dissociation rates. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:2072-8. [PMID: 20956006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This report examined the use of silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns containing human serum albumin (HSA) to measure the dissociation rates for various drugs from this protein. Immobilized HSA and control monolith columns with dimensions of 1 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. were prepared for this work and used with a noncompetitive peak decay method. Several drugs known to bind HSA were examined, such as warfarin, diazepam, imipramine, acetohexamide, and tolbutamide. Items that were studied and optimized in this method included the sample volume, sample concentration, and elution flow rate. It was found that flow rates up to 10 mL/min could be used in this approach. Work with HSA silica monoliths at these high flow rates made it possible to provide dissociation rate constants for drugs such as warfarin in less than 40s. The dissociation rate constants that were measured gave good agreement with values reported in the literature or that had been obtained with other solutes that had similar binding affinities for HSA. This approach is a general one that should be useful in examining the dissociation of other drugs from HSA and in providing a high-throughput method for screening drug-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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Joseph KS, Anguizola J, Jackson AJ, Hage DS. Chromatographic analysis of acetohexamide binding to glycated human serum albumin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2775-81. [PMID: 20829128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acetohexamide is a drug used to treat type II diabetes and is tightly bound to the protein human serum albumin (HSA) in the circulation. It has been proposed that the binding of some drugs with HSA can be affected by the non-enzymatic glycation of this protein. This study used high-performance affinity chromatography to examine the changes in acetohexamide-HSA binding that take place as the glycation of HSA is increased. It was found in frontal analysis experiments that the binding of acetohexamide to glycated HSA could be described by a two-site model involving both strong and weak affinity interactions. The average association equilibrium constant (K(a)) for the high affinity interactions was in the range of 1.2-2.0×10(5)M(-1) and increased in moving from normal HSA to HSA with glycation levels that might be found in advanced diabetes. It was found through competition studies that acetohexamide was binding at both Sudlow sites I and II on the glycated HSA. The K(a) for acetohexamide at Sudlow site I increased by 40% in going from normal HSA to minimally glycated HSA but then decreased back to near-normal values in going to more highly glycated HSA. At Sudlow site II, the K(a) for acetohexamide first decreased by about 40% and then increased in going from normal HSA to minimally glycated HSA and more highly glycated HSA. This information demonstrates the importance of conducting both frontal analysis and site-specific binding studies in examining the effects of glycation on the interactions of a drug with HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Joseph
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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Verner Codoceo R. Diabetes mellitus en el paciente con enfermedad renal avanzada. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(10)70574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Joseph K, Hage DS. Characterization of the binding of sulfonylurea drugs to HSA by high-performance affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1590-8. [PMID: 20435530 PMCID: PMC2876334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylurea drugs are often prescribed as a treatment for type II diabetes to help lower blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion. These drugs are believed to primarily bind in blood to human serum albumin (HSA). This study used high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) to examine the binding of sulfonylureas to HSA. Frontal analysis with an immobilized HSA column was used to determine the association equilibrium constants (Ka) and number of binding sites on HSA for the sulfonylurea drugs acetohexamide and tolbutamide. The results from frontal analysis indicated HSA had a group of relatively high-affinity binding regions and weaker binding sites for each drug, with average Ka values of 1.3 (+/-0.2) x 10(5) and 3.5 (+/-3.0) x 10(2) M(-1) for acetohexamide and values of 8.7 (+/-0.6) x 10(4) and 8.1 (+/-1.7) x 10(3) M(-1) for tolbutamide. Zonal elution and competition studies with site-specific probes were used to further examine the relatively high-affinity interactions of these drugs by looking directly at the interactions that were occurring at Sudlow sites I and II of HSA (i.e., the major drug-binding sites on this protein). It was found that acetohexamide was able to bind at both Sudlow sites I and II, with Ka values of 1.3 (+/-0.1) x 10(5) and 4.3 (+/-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1), respectively, at 37 degrees C. Tolbutamide also appeared to interact with both Sudlow sites I and II, with Ka values of 5.5 (+/-0.2) x 10(4) and 5.3 (+/-0.2) x 10(4) M(-1), respectively. The results provide a more quantitative picture of how these drugs bind with HSA and illustrate how HPAC and related tools can be used to examine relatively complex drug-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.S. Joseph
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
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Schmid H, Schiffl H, Lederer SR. Pharmacotherapy of end-stage renal disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:597-613. [PMID: 20163271 DOI: 10.1517/14656560903544494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) continues to grow worldwide. ESRD causes significant morbidity and mortality and has enormous financial and personal costs. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Major electronic databases (including the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE) were searched from 1989 to September 2009 to summarize current pharmacotherapy of ESRD-associated complications in adults receiving maintenance dialysis (hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). Current guidelines for the treatment of ESRD (e.g., NKF-K/DOQI, KDIGO, and the ERA-EDTA's European Renal Best Practice Guidelines) were included. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Commonly used pharmacological treatment strategies for chronic arterial hypertension, anemia, iron management, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and for disturbances of bone and mineral metabolism, including hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD, are presented. In addition, the reader will learn that nonadherence to oral medication in ESRD can contribute significantly to excess morbidity and mortality of the dialysis population. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Improvements in pharmacotherapy of ESRD may be at least in part counteracted by continuously increasing age and comorbid disease of the dialysis population. Individualized and tailor-made pharmacological management of the ESRD patient remains a challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schmid
- KFH Nierenzentrum Muenchen Laim, Elsenheimerstrasse 63, D-80687 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine if different hypoglycemic therapies are associated with more frequent episodes of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. We conducted a prospective cohort study that included 102 diabetes patients who were undergoing long-term hemodialysis. The frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes, intradialytic hypotension, antihypertension medication, hypoglycemic therapy regimens, dialysate contents, and laboratory data were reviewed. The duration of follow-up was three months. Fifty-four (52.9%) patients were categorized as hypoglycemic and 48 (47.1%) patients as non-hypoglycemic. The serum albumin levels of the hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic patients were 3.18 +/- 0.34 g/dL and 3.44 +/- 0.33 g/dL respectively (P < 0.001). The prevalence of intradialytic hypotension is significantly higher in the hypoglycemic patients (44.4%) than in the non-hypoglycemic patients (20.8%) (P = 0.012). The risk of hypoglycemia differed significantly between the patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and those receiving purely insulin therapy (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum albumin (odds ratio [OR] 0.093, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.021-0.409), intradialytic hypotension (OR 2.755, 95% CI 1.048-7.228), and OHA therapy (OR 0.337, 95% CI 0.128-0.888) were independent factors of hypoglycemia. The patients treated only with meglitinides as hypoglycemic therapy had a significantly lower risk of hypoglycemia than those receiving mixed insulin therapy (P = 0.016). Frequent episodes of intradialytic hypotension and hypoalbuminemia are powerful clinical predictors of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients undergoing hemodialysis. It was also found that OHAs do not pose a higher risk of hypoglycemia than insulin in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yin Sun
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, and Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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Rasheed K, Tariq MI, Munir C, Hussain I, Siddiqui HL. Synthesis, Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Glibenclamide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:168-72. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christy Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many older adults (ie, those aged >65 years) drink alcohol and use medications that may be harmful when consumed together. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the literature on alcohol and medication interactions, with a focus on older adults. METHODS Relevant articles were identified through a search of MEDLINE and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966-August 2006) for English-language articles. The following medical subject headings and key words were used: alcohol medication interactions, diseases worsened by alcohol use, and alcohol metabolism, absorption, and distribution. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of the reference lists of the identified articles, review articles, textbooks, and personal reference sources. RESULTS Many older adults drink alcohol and take medications that may interact negatively with alcohol. Some of these interactions are due to age-related changes in the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of alcohol an medications. Others are due to disulfiram-like reactions observed with some medications, exacerbation of therapeutic effects and adverse effects of medications when combined with alcohol, and alcohol's interference with the effectiveness of some medications. CONCLUSIONS Older adults who drink alcohol and who take medications are at risk for a variety of adverse consequences depending on the amount of alcohol and the type of medications consumed. It is important for clinicians to know how much alcohol their older patients are drinking to be able to effectively assess their risks and to counsel them about the safe use of alcohol and medications. Similarly, it is important for older adults to understand the potential risks of their combined alcohol and medication use to avoid the myriad of problems possible with unsafe use of these substances..
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Moore
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1687, USA.
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Giannico G, Cortes P, Baccora MH, Hassett C, Taube DW, Yee J. Glibenclamide prevents increased extracellular matrix formation induced by high glucose concentration in mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 292:F57-65. [PMID: 16896180 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than stimulation of cell contractility, little is known about the potential metabolic effects induced by sulfonylureas, independently of insulin action. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated complete abrogation of glomerulosclerosis in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes chronically (9 mo) treated with low-dose sulfonylureas (Biederman JI, Vera E, Pankhaniya R, Hassett C, Giannico G, Yee J, Cortes P. Kidney Int 67: 554-565, 2005). Therefore, the effects of glibenclamide (Glib) on net collagen I, collagen IV, and fibronectin medium net secretion and cell layer collagen I deposition were investigated in mesangial cells continuously exposed to 25 mM glucose for 8 wk and treated with predetermined increasing concentrations of Glib for the same period. Clinically relevant concentrations (0.01 microM) of Glib fully suppressed the high glucose-enhanced accumulation of collagen I, collagen IV, and fibronectin in the medium and inhibited collagen I deposition in the cell layer. These effects occurred while transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 medium concentration remained elevated and glucose uptake was increased to levels above those in 25 mM glucose-incubated cultures. The decreased collagen I accumulation occurred simultaneously with enhanced collagen I mRNA expression in concert with marked suppression of plasminogen inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) mRNA and protein expression. This strongly suggests an accelerated matrix turnover favoring breakdown. Glib-induced effects demonstrated a biphasic pattern, being absent or reversed in cells treated with higher Glib concentrations (0.1 or 1 microM). Therefore, chronic Glib treatment at low concentrations markedly diminishes the high glucose-induced enhanced accumulation of extracellular matrix components by suppression of steady-state PAI-1 transcriptional activity. These results and those previously reported in vivo suggest that long-term Glib treatment may prevent glomerulosclerosis in insulin-deficient diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giannico
- Div. of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dept. of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Clara Ford Pavilion-5, 2799 West Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Abstract
We describe a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme major) associated with an increase in glipizide dosage administration. Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea commonly used to treat patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although several reports have documented Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by first-generation sulfonylureas, our case appears to be the first report of a second-generation sulfonylurea associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 52390-9069, USA
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42
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Little GL, Boniface KS. Are one or two dangerous? Sulfonylurea exposure in toddlers. J Emerg Med 2005; 28:305-310. [PMID: 15769574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Revised: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylurea-based oral hypoglycemics are in widespread use in the adult population, increasing the potential for unintentional exposure in children. This article examines the risk of toxicity in children under 6 years of age who ingest one to two tablets of a sulfonylurea. We review the literature on sulfonylurea toxicity, including cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC). The ingestion of one to two sulfonylurea tablets by a small child can lead to profound hypoglycemia with severe sequelae if untreated. As a result, all potential sulfonylurea ingestions by young children should be evaluated by a physician. A capillary glucose level must be rapidly determined at presentation and should then be repeated at regular intervals for up to 8 hours. A longer observation period is recommended for the extended release preparation of glipizide. Asymptomatic children who do not develop hypoglycemia within the recommended observation period may be safely discharged home. All children who exhibit clear symptoms of hypoglycemia or glucose levels < 60 mg/dL should be admitted for supplemental glucose (oral or intravenous), with careful observation of clinical condition and monitoring of serum glucose levels. In cases refractory to intravenous glucose, therapy with octreotide or diazoxide may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Little
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC
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Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing owing to lifestyle changes leading to obesity. This syndrome is a complex association of several interrelated abnormalities that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and progression to diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance is the key factor for the clustering of risk factors characterizing the metabolic syndrome. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III defined the criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome and established the basic principles for its management. According to these guidelines, treatment involves the improvement of the underlying insulin resistance through lifestyle modification (eg, weight reduction and increased physical activity) and possibly by drugs. The coexistent risk factors (mainly dyslipidemia and hypertension) should also be addressed. Since the main goal of lipid-lowering treatment is to achieve the NCEP low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target, statins are a good option. However, fibrates (as monotherapy or in combination with statins) are useful for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome that is commonly associated with hypertriglyceridemia and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The blood pressure target is < 140/90 mm Hg. The effect on carbohydrate homeostasis should possibly be taken into account in selecting an antihypertensive drug. Patients with the metabolic syndrome commonly have other less well-defined metabolic abnormalities (eg, hyperuricemia and raised C-reactive protein levels) that may also be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. It seems appropriate to manage these abnormalities. Drugs that beneficially affect carbohydrate metabolism and delay or even prevent the onset of DM (eg, thiazolidinediones or acarbose) could be useful in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, among the more speculative benefits of treatment are improved liver function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a reduction in the risk of acute gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Thevis M, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Identification of oral antidiabetics and their metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry--a matter for doping control analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:928-936. [PMID: 15747323 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1999, insulin belongs to the list of prohibited substances of the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency. Except for patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the administration of insulin is not allowed. Therapeutics developed to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus act as releasing factors of endogenously produced insulin or improve its efficiency mediating the glucose uptake into insulin-dependent tissues. Hence, these compounds are also relevant for sports drug testing, and a fast, robust, and sensitive assay was developed to identify 12 oral antidiabetic agents or respective hydroxylated metabolites in human urine. Urine specimens are enzymatically hydrolyzed; target analytes are extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and identified by means of liquid chromatography interfaced to tandem mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization. Detection limits of respective drugs ranged between 10 and 30 ng/mL, metabolites of therapeutics were characterized by diagnostic fragmentation pathways upon collisionally activated dissociation of protonated molecules, and general fragmentation routes were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Carl-Diem Weg 6, Cologne, Germany.
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45
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Abstract
The sulphonylureas act by triggering insulin release from the pancreatic beta cell. A specific site on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels is occupied by sulphonylureas leading to closure of the potassium channels and subsequent opening of calcium channels. This results in exocytosis of insulin. The meglitinides are not sulphonylureas but also occupy the sulphonylurea receptor unit coupled to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Glibenclamide (glyburide), gliclazide, glipizide and glimepiride are the primary sulphonylureas in current clinical use for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glibenclamide has a higher frequency of hypoglycaemia than the other agents. With long-term use, there is a progressive decrease in the effectiveness of sulphonylureas. This loss of effect is the result of a reduction in insulin-producing capacity by the pancreatic beta cell and is also seen with other antihyperglycaemic agents. The major adverse effect of sulphonylureas is hypoglycaemia. There is a theoretical concern that sulphonylureas may affect cardiac potassium channels resulting in a diminished response to ischaemia. There are now many choices for initial therapy of type 2 diabetes in addition to sulphonylureas. Metformin and thiazolidinediones affect insulin sensitivity by independent mechanisms. Disaccharidase inhibitors reduce rapid carbohydrate absorption. No single agent appears capable of achieving target glucose levels in the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes. Combinations of agents are successful in lowering glycosylated haemoglobin levels more than with a single agent. Sulphonylureas are particularly beneficial when combined with agents such as metformin that decrease insulin resistance. Sulphonylureas can also be given with a basal insulin injection to provide enhanced endogenous insulin secretion after meals. Sulphonylureas will continue to be used both primarily and as part of combined therapy for most patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rendell
- Creighton Diabetes Center, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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Abstract
There is evidence showing that serum uric acid (SUA) levels predict the risk for vascular events. For example, up to 29% of the reduction in the primary composite endpoint seen in the LIFE trial (favouring losartan versus atenolol) can be attributed to a fall in SUA levels. We also discuss the findings of the GREACE study (treating to target with atorvastatin versus 'usual' care) in relation to SUA levels. In this brief comment we extend this argument to consider the SUA-lowering effect of other drugs commonly prescribed in patients with vascular disease (e.g. statins, fibrates and antihypertensive agents). A judicious use of drugs (alone or in combination) will result in small reductions in SUA levels. These changes may translate into a substantial reduction in the risk of vascular events. Results retrieved from completed trials together with new prospective findings will support or refute the proposed association between lowering SUA levels and reducing vascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Matthaei S, Stumvoll M, Kellerer M, Häring HU. Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance. Endocr Rev 2000; 21:585-618. [PMID: 11133066 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.21.6.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a world-wide growing health problem affecting more than 150 million people at the beginning of the new millennium. It is believed that this number will double in the next 25 yr. The pathophysiological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus consist of insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and increased endogenous glucose production. To reduce the marked increase of cardiovascular mortality of type 2 diabetic subjects, optimal treatment aims at normalization of body weight, glycemia, blood pressure, and lipidemia. This review focuses on the pathophysiology and molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance and on the capability of antihyperglycemic pharmacological agents to treat insulin resistance, i.e., a-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and insulin. Finally, a rational treatment approach is proposed based on the dynamic pathophysiological abnormalities of this highly heterogeneous and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthaei
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Ciechanowski K, Borowiak KS, Potocka BA, Nowacka M, Dutkiewicz G. Chlorpropamide toxicity with survival despite 27-day hypoglycemia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 2000; 37:869-71. [PMID: 10630272 DOI: 10.1081/clt-100102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT In the past 5 years at our institution, 12 cases involving the ingestion of chlorpropamide 3-15 g were fatal. We report a 23-year-old woman with an estimated ingestion of chlorpropamide 5-10 g. Initial cardiovascular collapse, attributed to the blockade of potassium channel transport, responded to intensive support including 3 days of cardiac pacing. Urinary excretion of chlorpropamide and hypoglycemia persisted until day 27. The toxic mechanisms and high risk of chlorpropamide are summarized. A fatal therapeutic dose ratio as low as 4:1 has made this antidiabetic agent obsolete.
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Arai I, Amagaya S, Komatsu Y, Okada M, Hayashi T, Kasai M, Arisawa M, Momose Y. Improving effects of the extracts from Eugenia uniflora on hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 68:307-314. [PMID: 10624893 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
EtOH (70%) extracts from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora were separated into six fractions with different polarity and molecular size, i.e. NP-1-NP-6. In an oral glucose tolerance test, NP-1 and 4 inhibited the increase in plasma glucose level. However, in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, such an inhibitory effect was not seen. Thus, the effects of NP-1 and 4 were apparently due to the inhibition of glucose absorption from the intestine. In a sucrose tolerance test, all fractions inhibited the increase in plasma glucose level. In an oral corn oil tolerance test, NP-3 and 4 showed an inhibitory effect on the increase in plasma triglycerides level. On the other hand, NP-3, 4, 5 and 6 inhibited maltase and sucrase activities and all fractions except for NP-1 showed an inhibitory effect on lipase activity dose-dependently. The inhibition of the increase in plasma glucose level by NP-3, 4, 5 and 6 in the oral sucrose tolerance test and the inhibition of the increase in plasma triglycerides by NP-3 and 4 in the oral corn oil tolerance test were apparently due to the inhibition of the decomposition of carbohydrates and fats in the intestine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arai
- Central Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Company, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Collin M, Mucklow JC. Drug interactions, renal impairment and hypoglycaemia in a patient with Type II diabetes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48:134-7. [PMID: 10417487 PMCID: PMC2014290 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Collin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, North Staffordshire Hospital NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG
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