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Ben-Shushan S, Miller Y. Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2796-2811. [PMID: 33570949 PMCID: PMC8389909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by deposits of amyloid proteins. The homeostasis of metal ions is crucial for the normal biological functions in the brain. However, in AD and PD, the imbalance of metal ions leads to formation of amyloid deposits. In the past four decades, there has been extensive effort to design compound agents than can chelate metal ions with the aim of preventing the formation of the amyloid deposits. Unfortunately, the compounds to date that were designed were not successful candidates to be used in clinical trials. Neuropeptides are small molecules that are produced and released by neurons. It has been shown that neuropeptides have neuroprotective effects in the brain and reduce the formation of amyloid deposits. This Review Article is focused on the function of neuropeptides as metal chelators. Experimental and computational studies demonstrated that neuropeptides could bind metal ions, such as Cu2+ and Zn2+. This Review Article provides perspectives and initiates future studies to investigate the role of neuropeptides as metal chelators in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ben-Shushan
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
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Girard B, Peterson A, Malley S, Vizzard MA. Accelerated onset of the vesicovesical reflex in postnatal NGF-OE mice and the role of neuropeptides. Exp Neurol 2016; 285:110-125. [PMID: 27342083 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the postnatal maturation of micturition from a somatovesical to a vesicovesical reflex are not known but may involve neuropeptides in the lower urinary tract. A transgenic mouse model with chronic urothelial overexpression (OE) of NGF exhibited increased voiding frequency, increased number of non-voiding contractions, altered morphology and hyperinnervation of the urinary bladder by peptidergic (e.g., Sub P and CGRP) nerve fibers in the adult. In early postnatal and adult NGF-OE mice we have now examined: (1) micturition onset using filter paper void assays and open-outlet, continuous fill, conscious cystometry; (2) innervation and neurochemical coding of the suburothelial plexus of the urinary bladder using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative image analyses; (3) neuropeptide protein and transcript expression in urinary bladder of postnatal and adult NGF-OE mice using Q-PCR and ELISAs and (4) the effects of intravesical instillation of a neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor antagonist on bladder function in postnatal and adult NGF-OE mice using conscious cystometry. Postnatal NGF-OE mice exhibit age-dependent (R2=0.996-0.998; p≤0.01) increases in Sub and CGRP expression in the urothelium and significantly (p≤0.01) increased peptidergic hyperinnervation of the suburothelial nerve plexus. By as early as P7, NGF-OE mice exhibit a vesicovesical reflex in response to intravesical instillation of saline whereas littermate WT mice require perigenital stimulation to elicit a micturition reflex until P13 when vesicovesical reflexes are first observed. Intravesical instillation of a NK-1 receptor antagonist, netupitant (0.1μg/ml), significantly (p≤0.01) increased void volume and the interval between micturition events with no effects on bladder pressure (baseline, threshold, peak) in postnatal NGF-OE mice; effects on WT mice were few. NGF-induced pleiotropic effects on neuropeptide (e.g., Sub P) expression in the urinary bladder contribute to the maturation of the micturition reflex and are excitatory to the micturition reflex in postnatal NGF-OE mice. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms that contribute to the postnatal development of the micturition reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Girard
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Abbey Peterson
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Susan Malley
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Margaret A Vizzard
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Backman LJ, Danielson P. Akt-mediated anti-apoptotic effects of substance P in Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis of human tenocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:723-33. [PMID: 23577779 PMCID: PMC3823176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1 R), are expressed by human tenocytes, and they are both up-regulated in cases of tendinosis, a condition associated with excessive apoptosis. It is known that SP can phosphorylate/activate the protein kinase Akt, which has anti-apoptotic effects. This mechanism has not been studied for tenocytes. The aims of this study were to investigate if Anti-Fas treatment is a good apoptosis model for human tenocytes in vitro, if SP protects from Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis, and by which mechanisms SP mediates an anti-apoptotic response. Anti-Fas treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), i.e. induction of cell death, and SP dose-dependently reduced the Anti-Fas-induced cell death through a NK-1 R specific pathway. The same trend was seen for the TUNEL assay, i.e. SP reduced Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis via NK-1 R. In addition, it was shown that SP reduces Anti-Fas-induced decrease in cell viability as shown with crystal violet assay. Protein analysis using Western blot confirmed that Anti-Fas induces cleavage/activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP; both of which were inhibited by SP via NK-1 R. Finally, SP treatment resulted in phosphorylation/activation of Akt as shown with Western blot, and it was confirmed that the anti-apoptotic effect of SP was, at least partly, induced through the Akt-dependent pathway. In conclusion, we show that SP reduces Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis in human tenocytes and that this anti-apoptotic effect of SP is mediated through NK-1 R and Akt-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Kaur KK, Allahbadia G, Singh M. Kisspeptins in human reproduction-future therapeutic potential. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:999-1011. [PMID: 23015158 PMCID: PMC3492584 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kisspeptins (Kps), were first found to regulate the hypothalamopituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis in 2003, when two groups-demonstrated that mutations of GPR54 causes idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) characterized by delayed puberty. Objective of this review is to highlight both animal and human discoveries in KISS1/GPR54 system in last decade and extrapolate the therapeutic potential in humans from till date human studies. DESIGN A systematic review of international scientific literature by a search of PUBMED and the authors files was done for Kp in reproduction, metabolic control & signal transduction. SETTING None Patient(s): In human studies--normal subjects patients with HH, or HA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effects of Kp on puberty, brain sexual maturation, regulation of GnRH secretion, metabolic control of GnRH Neurons (N). RESULTS Kps/GPR54 are critical for brain sexual maturation, puberty and regulation of reproduction. Kps have been implicated in mediating signals to GnRH N--positive and negative feedback, metabolic input. Ability of Kp neurons to coordinate signals impinging on the HPG axis makes it one of most important regulators of reproductive axis since GnRH N's lack many receptors, with Kp neurons serving as upstream modulators. CONCLUSIONS Kps have proven as pivotal regulators of the reproduction, with the ability to integrate signals from both internal and external sources. Knowledge about signaling mechanisms involved in Kp stimulation of GnRH and with human studies has made it possible that therapeutically available Kp agonists/antagonists may be used for treatment of delayed puberty/HH, Hypothalamic amenorrhea and in prevention of spread of malignant ovarian/gonadal malignancies along with uses in some eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulvinder Kochar Kaur
- Dr Kulvinder Kaur Centre for Human Reproduction, 721, G.T.B. Nagar, Jalandhar, 144001 Punjab India
| | - Gautam Allahbadia
- Rotunda-A Centre for Human reproduction, 672, Kalpak Garden, Perry Cross Road, Near Otter’s Club, Bandra (W), 400040 Mumbai, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Swami Satyanand Hospital, Near Nawi Kachehri, Baradri, Ladowali Road, Jalandhar, Punjab India
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Roa J, Navarro VM, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins in Reproductive Biology: Consensus Knowledge and Recent Developments1. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:650-60. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Mechiche H, Grassin-Delyle S, Pinto FM, Buenestado A, Candenas L, Devillier P. Smooth muscle neurokinin-2 receptors mediate contraction in human saphenous veins. Pharmacol Res 2011; 63:414-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Borelli KG, Defensor EB, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ, Griebel G. Effects of intra-hippocampal injections of the NK2 receptor antagonist saredutant on the elevated plus maze, and the mouse defense test battery. Neurosci Lett 2010; 485:241-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cheng FHM, Chan SW, Rudd JA. Contractile effect of tachykinins on Suncus murinus (house musk shrew) isolated ileum. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:671-9. [PMID: 18582934 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies used Suncus murinus to investigate the anti-emetic potential of NK(1) tachykinin receptor antagonists. However, the pharmacology of tachykinin receptors in this species has not been fully characterized. In the present studies, therefore, we examined a range of tachykinin receptor agonists for a capacity to induce contractions of the isolated ileum. The tachykinin NK1 receptor preferring agonists substance P, septide and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P, and the tachykinin NK2 preferring agonists neurokinin A and GR 64349 (Lys-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-R-gamma-lactam-Leu-Met-NH2) caused concentration dependent contractions with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. However, the tachykinin NK3 preferring agonists neurokinin B and senktide (1nM-1microM) induced only weak contractions. The action of senktide, but not [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P, septide, or GR 64349, was antagonized significantly by atropine (P<0.05); tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium were inactive. The tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 ((+)-[(2S,3S)-3-(2-methoxy-benzyl-amino)-2-phenylpiperidine]) (10-100nM) inhibited substance P- and septide-induced contractions non-competitively. The pA2 value estimated for CP-99,994 against septide was 7.3+/-0.1. It also non-competitively antagonized the contractile responses induced by [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P with a pA2 of 7.4+/-0.1. CP-99,994 also had a slight inhibitory action on neurokinin A-induced contractions, but did not modify the action of GR 64349. Conversely, the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, saredutant, competitively antagonized GR 64349-induced contractions with a pA2 of 7.34+/-0.02. On the other hand, the presence of both CP-99,994 and saredutant competitively antagonized substance P-induced contraction. The present studies indicate that tachykininNK1 and NK2 receptors exist in the ileum of S. murinus and are involved in mediating contractions directly on smooth muscle, whereas tachykinin NK3 receptors may play a minor role involving a release of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie H M Cheng
- Emesis Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kucharczyk N. Section Review—Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: Tachykinin Antagonists in Development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Neurokinins enhance excitability in capsaicin-responsive DRG neurons. Exp Neurol 2007; 205:92-100. [PMID: 17362934 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinins released by capsaicin-responsive (C-R) dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRG) may control firing in these neurons by an autofeedback mechanism. Here we used patch clamp techniques to examine the effects of neurokinins on firing properties of dissociated DRG neurons of male rats. In C-R neurons that generated only a few action potentials (APs, termed phasic) in response to long depolarizing current pulses (600 ms), substance P (SP, 0.5 microM) lowered the AP threshold by 11.0+/-0.3 mV and increased firing from 1.1+/-0.7 APs to 5.2+/-0.6 APs. In C-R tonic neurons that fire multiple APs, SP elicited smaller changes in AP threshold (6.0+/-0.1 mV reduction) and the number of APs (11+/-1 vs. 9+/-1 in control). The effects of SP were similar to the effect of heteropodatoxin II (0.05 microM) or low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (50 microM) that block A-type K(+) currents. A selective NK(2) agonist, [betaAla(8)]-neurokinin A (4-10) (0.5 microM), mimicked the effects of SP. The effects of SP in C-R phasic neurons were fully reversed by an NK(2) receptor antagonist (MEN10376, 0.5 microM) but only partially by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide, 0.5 microM). An NK(3)-selective agonist ([MePhe(7)]-neurokinin B, 0.5 microM), an NK(1)-selective agonist ([Sar(9), Met(11)]-substance P, 0.5 microM) or activation of PKC with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (0.5 microM) did not change firing. Our data suggest that the excitability of C-R phasic afferent neurons is increased by activation of NK(2) receptors and intracellular signaling mediated only in part by PKC.
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Chao J, Li HJ, Yao YY, Shen B, Gao L, Bledsoe G, Chao L. Kinin infusion prevents renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Hypertension 2007; 49:490-7. [PMID: 17224475 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000255925.01707.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The progression of renal disease displays several characteristics, including proteinuria, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term infusion of kinin in protection against salt-induced renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a high-salt diet for 2 weeks and were then infused with bradykinin (500 ng/h) via subcutaneously implanted minipumps for 3 weeks. Kinin infusion attenuated salt-induced impaired renal function as evidenced by reduced proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels without apparent effect on blood pressure. Morphological analysis indicated that kinin administration reduced salt-induced glomerular sclerosis, tubular dilatation, luminal protein cast formation, and interlobular arterial thickness. Kinin also significantly lowered collagen I, III, and IV deposition and their mRNA levels. Moreover, kinin reduced interstitial monocyte/macrophage accumulation, as well as tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. Protection of renal injury by kinin was associated with increased renal NO levels and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activities and superoxide generation. Suppression of oxidative stress by kinin was accompanied by reduced transforming growth factor-beta1 protein and mRNA levels, as well as decreased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. This is the first study to demonstrate that kinin infusion can directly protect against salt-induced renal injury without blood pressure reduction by inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis via suppression of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Nowicki M, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Konwerska A, Miskowiak B. The predicting role of substance P in the neoplastic transformation of the hypoplastic bone marrow. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:935-41. [PMID: 16935970 PMCID: PMC1860490 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.034629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the expression of substance P in the haematopoietic cells of hypoplastic bone marrow and define its relationship with the course of bone marrow hypoplasia. METHODS Bone marrow specimens were obtained from 42 children with bone marrow hypoplasia who were hospitalised in the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, between 1996 and 2003. Substance P and Ki-67 expression were evaluated using immunochemical and hybridocytochemical assays. RESULTS The expression of substance P (as evidenced by both immunocytochemical and hybridisation techniques) was confirmed in the cytoplasm of B lymphocytes in 8 of 11 children who developed acute leukaemia in 45 (SD 12) days. The percentage of substance P-positive cells ranged from 67.6 to 95.8 (mean of 81.5% cells with immunocytochemistry and 84.3% with in situ hybridisation). The risk of development of leukaemia secondary to bone marrow hypoplasia was found to be significant (p<0.001) in those children who expressed substance P in normal-looking lymphocytes at the initial bone marrow evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of substance P in B lymphocytes of hypoplastic bone marrow may predict its neoplastic transformation. A marked correlation between substance P-positive bone marrow pattern and the expansion of tumour cells may prove the potential value of this oligopeptide in the pathogenesis of leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nowicki
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Chappa AK, Audus KL, Lunte SM. Characteristics of substance P transport across the blood-brain barrier. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1201-8. [PMID: 16729222 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Substance P (SP; NH3(+)-Arg(+)-Pro-Lys(+)-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2) belongs to a group of neurokinins that are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The biological effects mediated by SP in the central nervous system include regulation of affective behavior, emesis, and nociception. Many of these actions are believed to be the result of the binding of SP to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and subsequent transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The objective of the study was to investigate the involvement of the NK-1 receptor in the permeation of SP across the BBB. METHODS Transport of 3H SP (1-13 nM) was investigated using BBMEC monolayers grown on polycarbonate membranes mounted on a Side-bi-Side diffusion apparatus. 3H SP samples were analyzed by scintillation spectrometry. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor the transport at higher concentrations (micromolar). RESULTS SP transport across BBMEC monolayers was found to be saturable (Km = 8.57 +/- 1.59 nM, Vmax = 0.017 +/- 0.005 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) in the concentration range of 0-13 nM. Significant (p < 0.05) decline in 3H SP permeation was observed in the presence of unlabeled SP and at 4 degrees C, indicating that the transport process is carrier-mediated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed no significant metabolism of 3H SP in either the donor or receiver chambers. 3H SP transport was inhibited by 2-11 SP (p < 0.05) but not by any other fragments, indicating that both the C- and N-terminal regions are essential for molecular recognition by the receptor. Endocytic inhibitors (chloroquine, phenylarsine oxide, monensin, and brefeldin) did not inhibit SP transport, suggesting the involvement of a nonendocytic mechanism in SP permeation. Pro(9) SP, a high-affinity substrate for the NK-1 major subtype receptor, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the transport of SP. However, Sar(9)Met(O2)(11) SP, a high-affinity substrate for the NK-1 minor subtype receptor, septide, and neurokinin A, inhibitors of NK-1 and neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptors, respectively, did not produce any inhibition of SP transport. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of the NK-1 receptor in BBMEC monolayers. CONCLUSIONS The above results provide functional and molecular evidence for the existence of a carrier-mediated mechanism in the transport of SP across the BBB. The effects of specific inhibitors and the results of Western blot analyses demonstrate the involvement of the NK-1 receptor in the transport of SP across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Chappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Mukerji I, Ramkissoon SH, Reddy KKR, Rameshwar P. Autocrine proliferation of neuroblastoma cells is partly mediated through neurokinin receptors: relevance to bone marrow metastasis. J Neurooncol 2005; 71:91-8. [PMID: 15690122 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-004-9182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive therapy, approximately 60-80% of children who are diagnosed with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) succumb to the disease. NB preferentially metastasizes to the bone marrow (BM). In the present study we used SY5Y and CHP212 (NB cell lines) to study the roles of the preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I) gene and the natural receptors for PPT-I peptides, neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and NK-2, in the biology of NB. PPT-I, NK-1 and NK-2 were constitutively expressed in the NB cells. Functional studies, with specific NK receptor antagonists, showed that PPT-I peptides mediate autocrine proliferation of the NB cells through both NK-1 and NK-2 receptors. Full-length and truncated NK-1 receptors were detected in NB cells. Since there is one copy of the NK-1 gene, we used NK-1-specific siRNA to suppress the expression of NK-1. The NK-1-deficient NB cells showed phenotypes consistent with cell differentiation. Suppression of NK-1 did not appear to cause cell death, as demonstrated by trypan blue exclusion and by undetectable active caspase. NK-1 suppression reduced the proliferation of the NB cells beginning by 10-fold at day 1 and reached a 10(5)-fold reduction by day 10. The NK-1 deficient cells did not proliferate when they were placed as cocultures with BM stroma, which suggests that NK-1 signaling is important for the survival of NB cells in the BM. The results show potential roles for NK receptors in the proliferation of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indroneil Mukerji
- New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ-NJMS), Department of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, MSB, Room E-579, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Patak E, Pinto FM, Story ME, Pintado CO, Fleming A, Page NM, Pennefather JN, Candenas ML. Functional and molecular characterization of tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in the mouse uterus. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1125-33. [PMID: 15647454 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.036814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the function and expression of tachykinins, tachykinin receptors, and neprilysin (NEP) in the mouse uterus. A previous study showed that the uterotonic effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) in estrogen-treated mice were mainly mediated by the tachykinin NK1 receptor. In the present work, further contractility studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the receptors mediating responses to tachykinins in uteri of late pregnant mice. Endpoint and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of the genes that encode the tachykinins SP/NKA, NKB, and hemokinin-1 (HK-1) (Tac1, Tac2, and Tac4); and the genes that encode tachykinin NK1 (Tacr1), NK2 (Tacr2), and NK3 (Tacr3) receptors in uteri from pregnant and nonpregnant mice. The data show that the mRNAs of tachykinins (particularly NKB and HK-1), tachykinin receptors, and NEP are locally expressed in the mouse uterus, and their expression changes during the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. The tachykinin NK1 receptor is the predominant tachykinin receptor in the nonpregnant and early pregnant mouse and may mediate tachykinin-induced uterine contractions in the nonpregnant mouse. The tachykinin NK2 receptor is predominant in the late pregnant mouse and is the main receptor mediating uterotonic responses to tachykinins at late pregnancy. The tachykinin NK3 receptor is expressed in considerable amounts only in uteri from nonpregnant diestrous animals, and its physiological significance remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Patak
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
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Lippe C, Bellantuono V, Ardizzone C, Cassano G. Eledoisin and Kassinin, but not Enterokassinin, stimulate ion transport in frog skin. Peptides 2004; 25:1971-5. [PMID: 15501529 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In frog skin, tachykinins stimulate the ion transport, estimated by measuring the short-circuit current (SCC) value, by interacting with NK1-like receptors. In this paper we show that Kassinin (NK2 preferring in mammals) increases the SCC, while Enterokassinin has no effect. Therefore, either 2 Pro residues or 1 Pro and 1 basic amino acid must be present in the part exceeding the C-terminal pentapeptide. Eledoisin (NK3 preferring in mammals) stimulation of SCC is reduced by CP99994 and SR48968 (NK1 and NK2 antagonists) and not affected by SB222200 (NK3 antagonist). None of the three antagonists affects Kassinin stimulation of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lippe
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Kramer MS, Winokur A, Kelsey J, Preskorn SH, Rothschild AJ, Snavely D, Ghosh K, Ball WA, Reines SA, Munjack D, Apter JT, Cunningham L, Kling M, Bari M, Getson A, Lee Y. Demonstration of the efficacy and safety of a novel substance P (NK1) receptor antagonist in major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:385-92. [PMID: 14666114 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of a selective NK(1) antagonist, L-759274, was investigated in outpatients with diagnosis of major depressive disorder with melancholic features, following evidence obtained with the novel compound aprepitant that Substance P (NK(1)) antagonists may provide a unique mechanism of antidepressant activity. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out. Patients, male or female, aged 18-60, scoring >/=25 points on total of first 17 items of 21-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and scoring >/=4 (moderately ill) on Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale were randomized to oral L-759274 40 mg daily (n=66) or placebo (n=62) for 6 weeks. For patients receiving L-759274, improvement (mean decrease from baseline) in HAMD-17 total score was 10.7 points, compared with a mean 7.8 point improvement in patients receiving placebo (p<0.009). Mean scores for item 1 of HAMD-17 (depressed mood) also improved to a greater extent in the active group compared with the placebo group (0.3 points, p<0.058). Compared with placebo, mean scores on Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale improved significantly by the end of the trial (p=0.009). L-759274 was generally safe and well-tolerated. The incidence of sexual side effects was on par with that observed in patients receiving placebo, and the incidences of gastrointestinal effects were low. Antidepressant actions have now been observed with two different highly selective NK(1) antagonists (aprepitant and L-759274). NK(1) antagonism is a replicated and generally well-tolerated antidepressant mechanism.
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18
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Patak E, Luz Candenas M, Pennefather JN, Ziccone S, Lilley A, Martín JD, Flores C, Mantecón AG, Story ME, Pinto FM. Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors in human uterus. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:523-32. [PMID: 12788812 PMCID: PMC1573878 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Studies were undertaken to determine the nature of the receptors mediating contractile effects of tachykinins in the uteri of nonpregnant women, and to analyse the expression of preprotachykinins (PPT), tachykinin receptors and the cell-surface peptidase, neprilysin (NEP), in the myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant women. (2) The neurokinin B (NKB) precursor PPT-B was expressed in higher levels in the myometrium from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. Faint expression of PPT-A mRNA was detectable in the myometrium from nonpregnant but not pregnant women. PPT-C, the gene encoding the novel tachykinin peptide hemokinin-1 (HK-1), was present in trace amounts in the uteri from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. (3) Tachykinin NK(2) receptors were more strongly expressed in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. NK(1) receptor mRNA was present in low levels in tissues from both pregnant and nonpregnant women. A low abundance transcript corresponding to the NK(3) receptor was present only in tissues from nonpregnant women. (4) The mRNA expression of the tachykinin-degrading enzyme NEP was lower in tissues from nonpregnant than from pregnant women. (5) Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and NKB, in the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan, captopril and bestatin, produced contractions of myometrium from nonpregnant women. The order of potency was NKA>>SP>/=NKB. The potency of NKA was unchanged in the absence of peptidase inhibitors. (6) The tachykinin NK(2) receptor-selective agonist [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-l0) was approximately equipotent with NKA, but the tachykinin NK(1) and NK(3) receptor-selective agonists [Sar(9)Met(O(2))(11)]SP and [MePhe(7)]NKB were ineffective in the myometrium from nonpregnant women. (7) The uterotonic effects of [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) were antagonized by the tachykinin NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist SR48968. Neither atropine, nor phentolamine nor tetrodotoxin affected responses to [Lys(5)MeLeu(9)Nle(10)]NKA(4-10). (8) These data are consistent with a role of tachykinins in the regulation of human uterine function, and reinforce the importance of NK(2) receptors in the regulation of myometrial contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Patak
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - M Luz Candenas
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jocelyn N Pennefather
- Department of Anaesthetics and University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Ziccone
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Alison Lilley
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Julio D Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio G Mantecón
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margot E Story
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Francisco M Pinto
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Bandari PS, Qian J, Oh HS, Potian JA, Yehia G, Harrison JS, Rameshwar P. Crosstalk between neurokinin receptors is relevant to hematopoietic regulation: cloning and characterization of neurokinin-2 promoter. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 138:65-75. [PMID: 12742655 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin (NK)-1 and NK-2 receptors regulate hematopoiesis by interacting with neurotransmitters that belong to the tachykinin. This report studies the relationship between NK-1 and NK-2 in primary human bone marrow (BM) stroma, which supports hematopoiesis. Use of NK receptor antagonists and deficient stromal cells indicate that the neurotransmitter, substance P (SP), could exert dual hematopoietic effects (inhibitory or stimulatory), depending on the interacting receptor and crosstalk between NK-1 and NK-2. Cloning and identification of the minimal promoter for NK-2 and comparison with NK-1 promoter showed that the hematopoietic functions of NK receptors involve receptor crosstalk and the particular cytokine (IL-3, GM-CSF, TGF-beta or IL-1alpha). Crosstalk between NK-1 and NK-2 adds to communication within neural-hematopoietic axis.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/drug effects
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Division/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Deletion
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/physiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk/physiology
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/physiology
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/genetics
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/physiology
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Persis S Bandari
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, MSB, Rm. E-579, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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20
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Lessard A, Campos MM, Neugebauer W, Couture R. Implication of nigral tachykinin NK3 receptors in the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a pharmacologic and autoradiographic study. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:554-63. [PMID: 12598409 PMCID: PMC1573690 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2002] [Revised: 09/30/2002] [Accepted: 10/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The role of nigral tachykinin NK(1), NK(2) and NK(3) receptors in central cardiovascular regulation was studied by measuring the effects of selective agonists and antagonists on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after bilateral microinjection into the substantia nigra of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was also performed in the midbrain of SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) with the NK(3) receptor ligand [(125)I]-HPP-Senktide. 2. Tachycardia was elicited by the NK(1) ([Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP) and NK(2) ([betaAla(8)]NKA(4-10)) agonists at 25 and 100 pmol while the NK(3) agonist (senktide, 50 and 100 pmol) had no significant effect. The three agonists had no effect on behaviour, and increases in MAP were elicited by the NK(1) agonist only. 3. Whereas antagonists at NK(1) (RP 67580, 500 pmol) and NK(2) (SR 48968, 500 pmol) receptors had no significant effect on MAP and HR, the NK(3) antagonist (R-820, 500 pmol) reduced MAP for over 3 h in SHR. That anti-hypertensive effect did not occur after intracerebroventricular or intravenous injection of R-820. Also, R-820 had no cardiovascular effect in WKY. 4. The affinity (K(D): 0.7 nM) and densities of specific NK(3) receptor binding sites measured in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and amygdala were not significantly different in SHR and WKY. 5. It is concluded that endogenous tachykinins exert a tonic activity on NK(3) receptors in the substantia nigra of SHR to maintain high blood pressure. Hence, nigral tachykinin NK(3) receptors may represent a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée Lessard
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Maria M Campos
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Institut de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Réjean Couture
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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21
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Cardozo AHM, Cabrini DA, Campos MM, Rae GA, Huidobro-Toro JP, Calixto JB. Diabetes-induced changes in responsiveness of rat bladder and vas deferens to peptides in vitro: susceptibility to reversal by insulin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2002; 80:334-40. [PMID: 12025969 DOI: 10.1139/y02-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in responsiveness of the vas deferens and urinary bladder to bradykinin (BK) receptor agonists (Tyr8-BK and des-Arg9-BK), substance P (SP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were assessed 8 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Preparations from control or STZ-treated (60 mg/kg i.p.) male rats were tested for contractile and neurogenic twitch potentiating (TP, in VD only) effects of all four agonists (1 nM to 0.3 or 3 microM). In diabetic VD, contractile effects of Tyr8-BK, des-Arg9-BK, and SP were enhanced, but ET-1 effects were unchanged. In contrast, TP by des-Arg9-BK was unaffected, that by Tyr8-BK was decreased, and those by SP and ET-1 were increased. In diabetic UB, only contractions to des-Arg9-BK and SP were enhanced. Following insulin replacement (human, 1-3 U/day s.c.), starting 1 week after STZ, TP induced by Tyr8-BK and des-Arg9-BK in VD were further inhibited, but all other changes in both preparations were reversed at least partially. Insulin treatment of nondiabetic rats, however, also affected VD (but not UB) responsiveness, such that contractions to Tyr8-BK and TP by ET-1 were increased, but TP by Tyr8-BK was decreased. Thus, STZ-induced type I diabetes causes important alterations in responsiveness of non-vascular smooth muscle tissues of the rat to BK, SP, and ET-1. Long term insulin replacement, at doses normalising glycaemia, effectively reversed most changes in VD or UB responsiveness, but it is unclear if this is truly due to blocking of STZ-induced changes, since the treatment also affected responsiveness of nondiabetic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Cardozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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22
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Rameshwar P, Zhu G, Donnelly RJ, Qian J, Ge H, Goldstein KR, Denny TN, Gascón P. The dynamics of bone marrow stromal cells in the proliferation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors by substance P: an understanding of the effects of a neurotransmitter on the differentiating hematopoietic stem cell. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 121:22-31. [PMID: 11730936 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Communication within the hematopoietic-neuroendocrine-immune axis is partly mediated by neurotransmitters (e.g. substance P, SP) and cytokines. SP mediates neuromodulation partly through the stimulation of bone marrow (BM) progenitors. This study shows that SP, through the neurokinin-1 receptor, stimulates the proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors: cobblestone-forming cells (CAFC, CD34+). This effect is optimal when macrophage is included within the fibroblast support. Indirect induction of IL-1 could be important in the proliferation of CAFC colonies by SP. Phenotypic and functional studies suggest that SP might directly interact with the CD34+/CD45(dim) population. These studies indicate that SP can initiate a cascade of biological responses in the BM stroma and stem cells to stimulate hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine-Hematology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB-Rm. E-585, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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23
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Lessard A, Couture R. Modulation of cardiac activity by tachykinins in the rat substantia nigra. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:1749-59. [PMID: 11739252 PMCID: PMC1572893 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Revised: 09/21/2001] [Accepted: 09/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of tachykinin NK(1), NK(2) and NK(3) receptor agonists and antagonists were measured on blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after bilateral microinjection into the substantia nigra (SN) of awake, unrestrained rats. 2. Increasing doses (25 pmol - 1 nmol) of selective agonists at NK(1) ([Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP), NK(2) ([beta-Ala(8)]NKA(4 - 10)) and NK(3) (senktide) receptors into the SN produced tachycardia which was selectively and reversibly blocked by the prior injection of tachykinin antagonists at NK(1) (RP67580, 250 pmol), NK(2) (SR48968, 250 pmol) and NK(3) (R-820, 500 pmol) receptor. A rapid fall in MAP followed by a pressor response was seen with 1 nmol of [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP. Behavioural activity was elicited by 1 nmol of [Sar(9),Met(O(2)(11)]SP (sniffing > face washing = grooming) and senktide (sniffing > wet dog shake > rearing = locomotion). Tachykinin antagonists had no direct cardiovascular or behavioural effects. 3. The tachycardia produced by 100 pmol of [beta-Ala(8)]NKA(4 - 10) or senktide was abolished by an i.v. treatment with atenolol (beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 5 mg kg(-1)) while that evoked by [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP was reduced. A combination of atenolol (5 mg kg(-1)) and atropine (muscarinic antagonist, 1 mg kg(-1)) blocked the response evoked by [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP. 4. These data suggest that the SN is a potential site of modulation of cardiac activity by tachykinins. In addition to the withdrawal of the cardiovagal activity by NK(1) receptor, the three tachykinin receptors appear to increase the sympatho/adrenal drive to the heart. This occurs independently of changes in MAP and behaviour. Hence, this study highlights a new central regulatory mechanism of cardiac autonomic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée Lessard
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Réjean Couture
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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24
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Joshi DD, Dang A, Yadav P, Qian J, Bandari PS, Chen K, Donnelly R, Castro T, Gascon P, Haider A, Rameshwar P. Negative feedback on the effects of stem cell factor on hematopoiesis is partly mediated through neutral endopeptidase activity on substance P: a combined functional and proteomic study. Blood 2001; 98:2697-706. [PMID: 11675340 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.9.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic regulation is a complex but dynamic process regulated by intercellular and intracellular interactions within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Through neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and NK-2 receptors, peptides (eg, substance P [SP]) encoded by the preprotachykinin-I gene mediate distinct hematopoietic effects. Cytokines, associated with hematopoietic stimulation, and SP regulate the expression of each other in BM mesenchymal and immune cells. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) uses SP as a substrate to produce SP(1-4), which inhibits the proliferation of matured myeloid progenitor. This study determines whether the degradation of SP to SP(1-4) by endogenous NEP in BM stroma could be a feedback on hematopoietic stimulation by stem cell factor (SCF). SP(1-4) induced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in BM stroma. TGF-beta production accounted for part of the inhibitory effects by SP(1-4) on the proliferation of early (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units) and late (long-term culture-initiating cells) hematopoietic progenitors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and/or protein-chip arrays indicated a timeline change of SP to SP(1-4) in BM stroma stimulated with SCF, which correlated with increase in NEP messenger RNA. Since SP and its fragment, SP(1-4), interact with the same receptor to mediate opposing hematopoietic effects, 2 interactive studies were done to understand the dual responses of NK-1: (1) a 3-dimensional molecular model of NK-1 and SP and (2) screening of a random dodecapeptide library for SP(1-4) interacting sites. The effects of SP(1-4) on hematopoietic progenitors and the timeline change of SP to SP(1-4), together with the 3-dimensional model, provide a partial explanation for the feedback on the stimulatory effects of SCF and SP on hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Joshi
- Information System and Technology-Academic Computer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Science, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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25
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Gascón P, Qian J, Joshi DD, Teli T, Haider A, Rameshwar P. Effects of preprotachykinin-I peptides on hematopoietic homeostasis. A role for bone marrow endopeptidases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 917:416-23. [PMID: 11268369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is maintained by "fine-tuned" regulation among cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic factors. Neurotransmitters, derived from PPT-I exert immune and hematopoietic regulation. PPT-I is also expressed locally in bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. PPT-I peptides induce the production of cytokines in BM cells, resulting in regulation of both committed progenitors (CFU-GM) and primitive hematopoietic progenitors (CAFC). Both types of progenitors are regulated differently by the two major PPT-I peptides, SP and NK-A. Endopeptidases, present in BM cells, can digest SP to produce SP(1-4) and SP(4-11). In this study, we investigated the hematopoietic effects of these fragments on CFU-GM and CAFC. Similar to the two major intact PPT-I peptides (SP and NK-A), we observed different hematopoietic effects by SP(1-4) and SP(4-11). Whereas SP(1-4) exerted inhibitory effects on CFU-GM and CAFC, SP(4-11) mediated stimulatory effects. Similar to NK-A, the inhibitory effects of SP(1-4) can be partly explained by the induction of suppressive cytokines (TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma). Use of antagonists and screening of a dodecapeptide expression library determined that the effects of SP(1-4) were mediated by NK-1. These results show that PPT-I peptides and their endopeptidase-derived fragments may add to the fine-tuned regulation on hematopoiesis. Furthermore, PPT-I may be exerting autoregulation to protect hematopoietic stem cells. These studies have relevance to stem cell protection and BM transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gascón
- UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB Room E-579, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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26
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Abstract
The present article reviews the studies so far published on the psychopharmacological effects mediated by tachykinin NK-3 receptors in laboratory animals. Central administration of NK-3 receptor agonists has been reported to attenuate alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats and to evoke conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that NK-3 receptors may affect reward processes to drugs of abuse. Anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects have been previously reported for NK-1 receptor antagonists, and anxiolytic-like effects for NK-2 receptor antagonists. More recently, it has been shown that NK-3 receptor agonists have anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in mice and rats, while an NK-3 receptor antagonist was reported to be anxiogenic in mice. These findings indicate that different TK receptor subtypes may be involved in anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in laboratory animals and raise interest for the possible role of NK-3 receptors in the control of anxiety and depression in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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27
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Improta G, Broccardo M. Effects of supraspinal administration of PG-SPI and PG-KII, two amphibian tachykinin peptides, on nociception in the rat. Peptides 2000; 21:1611-6. [PMID: 11090914 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated and compared the effects of two amphibian tachykinins, the NK1 receptor agonist PG-SPI and the NK3 receptor agonist PG-KII, and the mammalian tachykinins substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B on the reaction time to a painful radiant heat stimulus (tail-flick test in rats) after intracerebroventricular injection. PG-SPI (1, 10 and 20 microg) and PG-KII (1, 5 and 10 microg) significantly increased the reaction time. Substance P (10 microg) injected intracerebroventricularly induced antinociception, whereas neurokinin A and neurokinin B did not. Like analgesia evoked by exogenous substance P, PG-SPI-evoked analgesia was blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. Naloxone left PG-KII antinociception unchanged, but the NK3 receptor selective antagonist markedly reduced it. These findings suggest NK1 and NK3 tachykinin receptor system involvement in supraspinal analgesia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Improta
- Institute of Pharmacology, University "La Sapienza," P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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28
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RIZZO C, HEY J. ACTIVITY OF NONPEPTIDE TACHYKININ ANTAGONISTS ON NEUROKININ A INDUCED CONTRACTIONS IN DOG URINARY BLADDER. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. RIZZO
- From the Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - J.A. HEY
- From the Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey
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ACTIVITY OF NONPEPTIDE TACHYKININ ANTAGONISTS ON NEUROKININ A INDUCED CONTRACTIONS IN DOG URINARY BLADDER. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200006000-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Couture R, Toma N, Barbot L. SR142801 behaves as a tachykinin NK-3 receptor agonist on a spinal nociceptive reflex in the rat. Life Sci 2000; 66:51-65. [PMID: 10658924 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effects of two commonly used tachykinin NK-3 receptor antagonists (SR 142801 and R820) intrathecally (i.t.) administered were assessed in the rat tail-flick test. SR142801 and its (R)-enantiomer SR142806 (1.3, 6.5 and 65 nmol) were found as potent as senktide and [MePhe7]NKB (NK-3 selective agonists) to induce transient antinociceptive effects. Naloxone (10 microg) and R820 (6.5 nmol) blocked reversibly the responses to 6.5 nmol senktide, [MePhe7]NKB, SR142801 and SR142806 when administered i.t. 15 min earlier. However, the antinociceptive responses induced by SR142801 and SR142806 were not affected by i.t. pretreatments with NK-1 (6.5 nmol SR140333) and NK-2 (6.5 nmol SR48968) receptor antagonists. In control experiments, the NK-1 and NK-2 antagonists prevented the hyperalgesic effects to NK-1 ([Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP) and NK-2 ([beta-Ala8] NKA(4-10)) receptor agonists (6.5 nmol i.t.), respectively. R820 had no direct effect on nociceptive threshold and failed to alter angiotensin II-induced antinociception. The data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of SR142801 is due to an agonist effect at NK-3 receptor in the rat spinal cord that involves a local opioid mechanism. These results can be best explained by the existence of inter-species NK-3 receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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31
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Gembitsky DS, Murnin M, Otvös FL, Allen J, Murphy RF, Lovas S. Importance of the aromatic residue at position 6 of [Nle(10)]neurokinin A(4-10) for binding to the NK-2 receptor and receptor activation. J Med Chem 1999; 42:3004-7. [PMID: 10425111 DOI: 10.1021/jm9807151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steric and electrostatic requirements at position 6 of [Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), a full agonist of NK-2 receptors, for molecular recognition by the receptor were studied. Two series of peptide analogues, (a) p-substituted analogues, [p-X-Phe(6), Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), where X = F, Cl, Br, I, NH(2), NO(2), and (b) [D-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), [Trp(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), and [Chex-Ala(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10), were synthesized, and their biological activity was examined. Competition binding experiments with [(3)H]NKA were performed using cloned human NK-2 receptors expressed in CHO cells. Antagonistic and agonistic properties of the analogues were studied using an in vitro functional assay with hamster tracheal rings. The rank order of potency of agonists was [Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) approximately [p-F-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-NH(2)-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-Cl-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [p-NO(2)-Phe(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10) > [Trp(6),Nle(10)]NKA(4-10). Size and planarity of the aromatic side chain were crucially important for the biological activity, whereas electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of the para-substituent were less important. The results favor the hypothesis that weakly polar pi-pi interactions exist between the aromatic group and the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Gembitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178-0405, USA
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Broccardo M, Improta G, Tabacco A. Central tachykinin NK3 receptors in the inhibitory action on the rat colonic propulsion of a new tachykinin, PG-KII. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 376:67-71. [PMID: 10440091 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory action of the natural selective tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist, PG-KII, (pGlu-Pro-Asn-Pro-Asp-Glu-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), on colonic propulsion was studied in rats after central administration. Intracerebroventricular injection of PG-KII (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ng/rat) produced a dose-related inhibition of colonic propulsion, measured as the increase in the mean expulsion time of a 5-mm glass bead placed in the distal colon. At the same doses as PG-KII, the selective tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist, senktide, (succ-[Asp6-MePhe8] substance P-(6-11)), induced a similar dose-related inhibition. Conversely, substance P (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/rat), a tachykinin NK1-preferring receptor agonist, had weaker antipropulsive effects, neurokinin A (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/rat), a tachykinin NK2-preferring receptor agonist, at the highest dose used only slightly inhibited colonic propulsion and neurokinin B (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/rat), a tachykinin NK3-preferring receptor agonist, left propulsion unchanged. Pretreatment with the selective tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist, 3-indolycarbonyl-Hyp-Phg-N(me)-Bzl, referred as to R820 (6.2 microg/rat), prevented PG-KII-induced colonic antipropulsion, whereas the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, (S)-1-(2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-isopropoxyphenylacetyl)pi peridin-3-yl] ethyl)-4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2] octane chloride, referred to as SR 140,333 (1 microg/rat), and the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, ([Tyr5,D-Trp6,8,9, Arg10] neurokinin A-(4-10)), referred to as Men 10,376 (5 microg/rat), left it unchanged. These findings show that of the tachykinins tested, PG-KII and senktide are the most potent central inhibitors of colonic propulsion in the rat, suggesting that the central tachykinin NK3 receptor system plays an inhibitory role in modulating colonic transit. As well as confirming the selectivity of PG-KII for tachykinin NK3 receptors, we show that PG-KII provides useful information about the physiological role of central tachykinin NK3 receptors and that glass bead expulsion test is a reliable non-invasive in vivo method for evaluating the tachykinin NK3 receptor selectivity of new synthetic or natural tachykinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Broccardo
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Mileusnic D, Lee JM, Magnuson DJ, Hejna MJ, Krause JE, Lorens JB, Lorens SA. Neurokinin-3 receptor distribution in rat and human brain: an immunohistochemical study. Neuroscience 1999; 89:1269-90. [PMID: 10362314 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoradiographic and immunohistochemical studies have shown that the neurokinin-3 receptor is widely distributed in the rodent CNS. Expression of the neurokinin-3 receptor in human brain, however, has been debated. These conflicting findings, as well as the poor resolution of autoradiographic images, prompted us to develop a polyclonal antibody against an oligopeptide derived from the carboxy-terminus consensus sequence of both the rat and human neurokinin-3 receptor ([C]ASTTSSFISSPYTSVDEYS, amino acids 434-452 of the rat neurokinin-3 receptor). Western blot analysis of both human and rat brain tissue revealed a major band in the molecular weight range 65,000-67,000, the proposed molecular weight of the neurokinin-3 receptor based on its amino acid sequence and presumed glycosylation state. The distribution of selective high affinity neurokinin-3 receptor agonist [3H]senktide binding and neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity were virtually identical in the brains of male Fischer 344 rats. The highest concentrations of neurokinin-3 receptors were observed in cortical layers IV-V; the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus; the hypothalamic paraventricular, perifornical and supraoptic nuclei; the zona incerta; and the entopeduncular and interpeduncular nuclei. [3H]senktide binding and neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity were compared in homologous cortical areas of the human and rat brain. In contrast to the rat, autoradiographic analysis of normal control human brains (35-75 years) revealed a distinct and predominant superficial cortical labeling in the glia limitans and the cortical layer I. However, neurokinin-3 receptor immunoreactivity could be found not only in the superficial cortical layers, but also on pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the neuropil and white matter. These findings suggest species differences in both the cellular and anatomical distribution of the neurokinin-3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mileusnic
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Ramos SI, Rizzo CA, Hey JA. Tachykinin NK1 receptor-mediated vasorelaxation in human pulmonary arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 350:R1-3. [PMID: 9683025 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin NK1 receptors are present on human pulmonary arteries. Addition of the specific tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist, [Met-OMe11]substance P produced a concentration-dependent relaxation (0.1 nM to 100 nM) in pulmonary arteries preconstricted with phenylephrine (30 microM). The EC50 (agonist concentration needed to produce 50% of the maximal relaxation) value for [Met-OMe11]substance P was 3.7+/-0.7 nM. The relaxation induced by [Met-OMe11]substance P was selectively inhibited by the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP 99994 (1 nM), with a pKb of 9.9+/-0.3. Treatment with the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 (100 nM) did not significantly affect the vasorelaxation due to [Met-OMe11]substance P (P > 0.05, one-way analysis of variance; ANOVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Corboz
- Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Cellier E, Barbot L, Regoli D, Couture R. Cardiovascular and behavioural effects of intracerebroventricularly administered tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonists in the conscious rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:643-54. [PMID: 9375960 PMCID: PMC1564991 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. In the conscious rat, three tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonists, namely SR142801 ((S)-(N)-(1-(3-(1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)pro pyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide), R820 (3-indolylcarbonyl-Hyp-Phg-N(Me)-Bzl) and R486 (H-Asp-Ser-Phe-Trp-beta-Ala-Leu-Met-NH2) were assessed against the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) effects induced by senktide, a selective NK3 receptor agonist, on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and motor behaviour. 2. Senktide (10-650 pmol per animal; i.c.v; n = 4-16) at the lowest dose caused a significant fall in MAP (-10 +/- 6 mmHg), while at the highest doses (100 and 650 pmol), senktide caused a rise in MAP (9 +/- 3 and 12 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively) when compared to vehicle. The intermediate doses (25 and 65 pmol) had no effect on MAP. The highest two doses caused a tachycardia of 62 +/- 15 and 88 +/- 8 beats min(-1), respectively. The dose of 65 pmol had a biphasic effect on HR, an initial bradycardia of 47 +/- 12 beats min(-1) followed by a tachycardia of 46 +/- 14 beats min(-1). The lowest doses caused either a rise of 52 +/- 10 beats min(-1) (25 pmol) or no effect (10 pmol) on HR. All doses of senktide caused similar increases in face washing, sniffing and wet dog shakes except at the dose of 100 pmol, when wet dog shakes were more than double those observed with the other doses. 3. The antagonist SR142801 (100 pmol -65 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6-8) caused increases in MAP at the highest two doses (6.5 and 65 nmol) while HR, dose-dependently, increased (23 +/- 6 to 118 +/- 26 beats min[-1]) and the onset dose-dependently decreased. The (R)-enantiomer, SR142806 (100 pmol - 65 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6-8) only caused rises in MAP (13 +/- 2 mmHg) and HR (69 +/- 11 beats min[-1]) at the highest dose. These drugs had no apparent effect on behaviour, except for the highest dose of SR142801 which increased sniffing. The antagonist R820 (650 pmol - 6.5 nmol per animal; i.c.v.; n = 6) had no effect on MAP or HR and only increased sniffing behaviour at 6.5 nmol. At 650 pmol (n = 6), R486 had no effect on any variable, but at 3.25 nmol, i.c.v. (n = 4) a delayed tachycardia and a significant increase in all behavioural variables were observed. 4. The cardiovascular responses induced by 6.5 nmol SR142801 and 25 pmol senktide were inhibited by R820 (6.5 nmol, 5 min earlier i.c.v.). In contrast, R820 failed to affect the central cardiovascular and behavioural responses induced by 10 pmol [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P, a NK1 receptor selective agonist. The senktide-induced behavioural changes were not inhibited by R820 (6.5 nmol, i.c.v.) while R486 (650 pmol, i.c.v.) blocked both the cardiovascular and behavioural responses to 25 pmol senktide. A mixture of antagonists for NK1 (RP67580; 6.5 nmol) and NK2 (SR48968; 6.5 nmol) receptors injected i.c.v. did not affect the cardiovascular response to SR142801. Cross-desensitization was shown between the central responses to SR142801 and senktide, but not between SR142801 and [Sar9, Met(O2)11]substance P. 5. The antagonists SR142801 and SR142806 (6.5-650 nmol kg(-1); n = 5-7), given i.v., did not evoke any cardiovascular or behavioural changes, except a delayed bradycardia for SR142806 (650 nmol kg[-1]), and also failed to inhibit the increase in MAP evoked by senktide (4 nmol kg(-1), i.v.). However, at the highest dose, both drugs slightly reduced the senktide-induced tachycardia. 6. Although the present data are consistent with the in vitro pharmacological bioassays and binding data, showing that SR142801 is a poor antagonist at rat peripheral NK3 receptors, they suggest that SR142801 has a partial agonist action at these receptors centrally. A separation of the cardiovascular and behavioural effects mediated by central NK3 receptor activation was achieved with SR142801 and R820 but not with R486. These results could be explained by the existence of NK3 receptor subtypes in the rat or by the differential activation and inhibition of the same receptor protein linked to the production of different second messengers. Differences in the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of the antagonists cannot be excluded at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cellier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Filippelli A, Esposito C, Falciani M, Costa C, Cozzolino A, Rossi F, Porta R. Transglutaminase-synthesized spermine derivative of substance P recognizes rat portal vein neurokinin-3 receptors. Life Sci 1997; 60:403-11. [PMID: 9031687 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(96)00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the transglutaminase-synthesized polyamine derivatives of Substance P (SP) have been further characterized by their ability to contract in vitro the rat portal vein strip (RPV), a pharmacological preparation particularly rich in NK-3 receptors. The effects of selective agonists of NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 receptors [Sar9,Met(O(2))11]SP, beta-Ala8 NKA(4-10), and senktide respectively, were also evaluated by measuring RPV concentration-response curves. Peptide [GR-82334 (NK-1) and MEN-10,376 (NK-2)] and nonpeptide [WIN 51,708 (NK-1) and SR 142801 (NK-3)] NK receptor antagonists were used to confirm the participation of the different NK receptors to contractile response. Our results demonstrated that the spermine derivative of SP (Spm-SP), previously shown to be unable to recognize NK-1 and NK-2 receptors in some bioassays, contracts RPV (EC50 = 588 nM) better than the native neuropeptide (EC50 = 1120 nM). A pretreatment with thiorphan, an inhibitor of neutral endopeptidases, significantly reduced such a difference. While this inhibitor shifts the SP concentration-response curves to the left (EC50 = 720 nM) the action of Spm-SP and [Sar9,Met(O(2))11]SP were completely thiorphan-resistant. In the absence of thiorphan we found the following rank order of potency: senktide > > beta-Ala8 NKA(4-10) > [Sar9,Met(O(2))11]SP = Spm-SP > SP. Among the mentioned NK receptor antagonists, only the selective NK-3 receptor antagonist, SR 142801, shifted to the right Spm-SP and [Sar9,Met(O(2))11]SP concentration-response curve, showing pKB values of 5.84 and 5.88, respectively. Therefore, the reported results suggest that the introduction of a Spm moiety into the SP alters the parent peptide molecule by increasing its affinity for NK-3 receptors and/or by preventing its degradation by some proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filippelli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd University of Naples, Italy
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The dipeptide neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist S19752 is a potent and long-acting inhibitor of bronchoconstriction when administered by aerosol to the guinea pig in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bonnet J, Kucharczyk N, Robineau P, Lonchampt M, Dacquet C, Regoli D, Fauchère JL, Canet E. A water-soluble, stable dipeptide NK1 receptor-selective neurokinin receptor antagonist with potent in vivo pharmacological effects: S18523. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 310:37-46. [PMID: 8880065 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The potassium salt of a chemically stabilized dipeptide, {1-[4-(1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl]indol-3-yl}carbonyl-Hyp-Nal-N(methyl)-Bzl , (Hyp = (R)-4-hydroxy-L-proline; Nal = 3-L-(beta-naphthyl)-alanine), S18523, is described as a new water-soluble, potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist. The low molecular weight antagonist (M(r) = 736) displays nanomolar potency (pA2 = 9.6) in the rabbit vena cava (NK1) bioassay and nanomolar affinity (pKi = 9.1) on the human NK1 receptor expressed by lymphoblastoma cells. It is devoid of mu-opiate affinity (Ki > 10(-4) M with respect to tritiated Tyr-DAla-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol), has negligible calcium-channel affinity (estimated Ki = 2.6 x 10(-5) M, with respect to isradipine) and does not cause peritoneal mast-cell degranulation. S18523 has strong antinociceptive effects in three classical pain tests in vivo both by i.v. and p.o. routes. The dipeptide potently antagonizes bronchoconstriction provoked by exogenous substance P in the guinea-pig and acts longer than the non-peptide antagonist CP99994, when administered as aerosol. Finally, S18523 displays antiinflammatory properties, since it dose-dependently inhibits substance P-induced plasma extravasation both in the bladder (ID50 = 0.18 mg/kg i.v.) and bronchi (ID50 = 0.14 mg/kg i.v.) of the guinea-pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bonnet
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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Paulino N, Cechinel Filho V, Pizzolatti MG, Yunes RA, Calixto JB. Mechanisms involved in the contractile responses induced by the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus urinaria on the guinea pig isolated trachea: evidence for participation of tachykinins and influx of extracellular Ca2+ sensitive to ruthenium red. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1996; 27:795-802. [PMID: 8842681 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(95)02106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of stems, leaves and roots from P. urinaria (Euphorbiaceae) (1-3000 micrograms/ml), caused graded contraction in guinea pig trachea (GPT), being more effective in preparations without epithelium. 2. Response to HE was slightly affected by tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) and nicardipine (1 microM), but was unaffected by w-conotoxin, atropine, mepyramine or staurosporine (all 1 microM). Indomethacin (3 microM) greatly inhibited HE contraction, but MK 571 (leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist) caused partial inhibition; L-655,240 (thromboxane A2 antagonist) and WEB 2086 (PAF antagonist) (all 1 microM) were ineffective. 3. Response to HE was markedly inhibited in a Ca(2+)-free solution and was partially affected in GPT desensitized to capsaicin (10 microM). 4. Capsazepine (capsaicin antagonist, 3 microM) antagonized the contraction from capsaicin, leaving the response to HE unaffected. In contrast, ruthenium red (an ionic channel antagonist coupled to vanilloid receptors of capsaicin) (0.1-3 microM) caused graded and equipotent noncompetitive inhibition of HE- and capsaicin-induced contractions, but had no effect on carbachol- and prostaglandin E2-mediated responses. 5. FK 888 and SR 48968 (NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists, respectively) (both 1 microM) antagonized, through a competitive mechanism, the contraction from SP and [beta-ala8]NKA (4-10) respectively, but antagonized, through a noncompetitive mechanism, HE-mediated contraction. 6. We concluded that contraction to HE in GPT is modulated by the epithelium, depends on the release of a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite, and relies largely upon an extracellular Ca2+ influx that is highly sensitive to ruthenium red, but is insensitive to L and N-type of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel antagonists. In addition, NK1 and NK2 tachykinins, but not vanilloid receptors, play an important role in mediating its response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paulino
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Abstract
Fifteen years after the classification of kinin receptors into B1 and B2, both receptors have been shown to differ between species. New receptor types have been proposed and named B3, B4, and B5. However, it is not established whether different pharmacologic profiles describing B2 receptors in various species are indicative of different receptor types or of different subtypes (species dependent) subserving the same biological functions. To answer these questions, a systematic search of new pharmacologic tools was undertaken to find monoreceptor systems (isolated organs whose responses are contributed by a single receptor) as well as new selective agonists and competitive or noncompetitive antagonists. Classical pharmacologic experiments were performed in isolated organs for quantifying agonist activities in terms of pD2 and antagonist affinities in terms of pA2. Competitivity of antagonists was established from Schild plots. Results obtained in tissues from rabbits or guinea pigs indicate the existence of two different pharmacological entities, well characterized by selective agonists and competitive antagonists. In vivo experiments performed on anesthetized rabbits and guinea pigs have confirmed the B2 receptor heterogeneity between the two species. Correlations have been established between data obtained in rabbit and guinea pig tissues (biological assays) and in human receptors raised by genic transfection in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A good correlation has been found between the IC50 values of kinins and derivatives to displace [3H]bradykinin from the membranes of CHO cells containing the human receptor and the pD2 or pA4 values of the same compounds in the rabbit jugular vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Regoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Emonds-Alt X, Bichon D, Ducoux JP, Heaulme M, Miloux B, Poncelet M, Proietto V, Van Broeck D, Vilain P, Neliat G. SR 142801, the first potent non-peptide antagonist of the tachykinin NK3 receptor. Life Sci 1994; 56:PL27-32. [PMID: 7830490 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00413-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
SR 142801 is the first potent and selective non-peptide antagonist of the tachykinin NK3 receptor. It inhibited [MePhe7]NKB binding to its receptor from various species, including humans. SR 142801 was a competitive antagonist of [MePhe7]NKB-mediated contractions of guinea-pig ileum and inhibited the acetylcholine release following the activation of the guinea-pig ileum tachykinin NK3 receptor. In vivo, SR 142801 potently inhibited the turning behaviour induced by intrastriatal injection of senktide in gerbils, and appears as a powerful tool for investigation of the physiological and pathological role of NKB and its NK3 receptor.
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