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Dallinger R. Metals and metallothionein evolution in snails: a contribution to the concept of metal-specific functionality from an animal model group. Biometals 2024; 37:671-696. [PMID: 38416244 PMCID: PMC11101346 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This is a critical review of what we know so far about the evolution of metallothioneins (MTs) in Gastropoda (snails, whelks, limpets and slugs), an important class of molluscs with over 90,000 known species. Particular attention will be paid to the evolution of snail MTs in relation to the role of some metallic trace elements (cadmium, zinc and copper) and their interaction with MTs, also compared to MTs from other animal phyla. The article also highlights the important distinction, yet close relationship, between the structural and metal-selective binding properties of gastropod MTs and their physiological functionality in the living organism. It appears that in the course of the evolution of Gastropoda, the trace metal cadmium (Cd) must have played an essential role in the development of Cd-selective MT variants. It is shown how the structures and Cd-selective binding properties in the basal gastropod clades have evolved by testing and optimizing different combinations of ancestral and novel MT domains, and how some of these domains have become established in modern and recent gastropod clades. In this context, the question of how adaptation to new habitats and lifestyles has affected the original MT traits in different gastropod lineages will also be addressed. The 3D structures and their metal binding preferences will be highlighted exemplarily in MTs of modern littorinid and helicid snails. Finally, the importance of the different metal requirements and pathways in snail tissues and cells for the shaping and functionality of the respective MT isoforms will be shown.
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2
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Díaz-Varela M, Sanchez-Hidalgo A, Calderon-Copete S, Tacchini V, Shipley TR, Ramírez LG, Marquis J, Fernández OL, Saravia NG, Tacchini-Cottier F. The different impact of drug-resistant Leishmania on the transcription programs activated in neutrophils. iScience 2024; 27:109773. [PMID: 38711445 PMCID: PMC11070714 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance threatens the effective control of infections, including parasitic diseases such as leishmaniases. Neutrophils are essential players in antimicrobial control, but their role in drug-resistant infections is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated human neutrophil response to clinical parasite strains having distinct natural drug susceptibility. We found that Leishmania antimony drug resistance significantly altered the expression of neutrophil genes, some of them transcribed by specific neutrophil subsets. Infection with drug-resistant parasites increased the expression of detoxification pathways and reduced the production of cytokines. Among these, the chemokine CCL3 was predominantly impacted, which resulted in an impaired ability of neutrophils to attract myeloid cells. Moreover, decreased myeloid recruitment when CCL3 levels are reduced was confirmed by blocking CCL3 in a mouse model. Collectively, these findings reveal that the interplay between naturally drug-resistant parasites and neutrophils modulates the infected skin immune microenvironment, revealing a key role of neutrophils in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Díaz-Varela
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sanchez-Hidalgo
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Sandra Calderon-Copete
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Tacchini
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tobias R. Shipley
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lady Giovanna Ramírez
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Julien Marquis
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olga Lucía Fernández
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Nancy Gore Saravia
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali 760031, Colombia
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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3
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Yoon JS, Nam SY, Lee BJ, Lee HJ. Comparative study on the effects of micro- and nano-sized zinc oxide supplementation on zinc-deficient mice. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e3. [PMID: 36560835 PMCID: PMC9899942 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is an essential cofactor for physiological homeostasis in the body. Zn oxide (ZnO), an inorganic compound that supplies Zn, exists in various sizes, and its bioavailability may vary depending on the size in vivo. However, comparative studies on the nutritional effects of micro-sized ZnO (M-ZnO) and nano-sized ZnO (N-ZnO) supplementation on Zn deficiency (ZnD) animal models have not been reported. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the nutritional bioavailability of N-ZnO and M-ZnO particles in dietary-induced ZnD mice. METHODS Animals were divided into six experimental groups: normal group, ZnD control group, and four ZnO treatment groups (Nano-Low, Nano-High, Micro-Low, and Micro-High). After ZnD induction, N-ZnO or M-ZnO was administered orally every day for 4 weeks. RESULTS ZnD-associated clinical signs almost disappeared 7 days after N-ZnO or M-ZnO administration. Serum Zn concentrations were higher in the Nano-High group than in the ZnD and M-ZnO groups on day 7 of ZnO treatment. In the liver and testis, Nano-Low and Nano-High groups showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than the other groups after 14-day treatment. ZnO supplementation increased Mt-1 mRNA expression in the liver and testis and Mt-2 mRNA expression in the liver. Based on hematoxylin-and-eosin staining results, N-ZnO supplementation alleviated histological damage induced by ZnD in the testis and liver. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that N-ZnO can be utilized faster than M-ZnO for nutritional restoration at the early stage of ZnD condition and presented Mt-1 as an indicator of Zn status in the serum, liver, and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Seon Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Beom Jun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.,Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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Hara T, Yoshigai E, Ohashi T, Fukada T. Zinc transporters as potential therapeutic targets: An updated review. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:221-228. [PMID: 35063137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays important roles in the regulation of various physiological responses in the body. Zinc deficiency is known to cause various health problems, including dysgeusia, skin disorders, and immune disorders. Therefore, the maintenance of healthy zinc content in the body is critical to our healthy life. Zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled by two of the solute carrier protein families SLC30A and SLC39A, called zinc transporters. In the last decade, research on zinc biology has made dramatic progress based on the physiological and functional analysis of zinc transporters in the fields of molecular biology, human genetics, and drug discovery. In particular, since the association between zinc transporters and human diseases was recently reported using human genetics and gene knockout mouse studies, zinc and zinc signals controlled by zinc transporters have been considered useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the importance of zinc homeostasis based on the findings of zinc transporter functions and their signals in relation to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Emi Yoshigai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
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5
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Ito K, Fujie T, Shimomura M, Nakano T, Yamamoto C, Kaji T. TGF-β 1 Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Cadmium by Induction of a Metal Transporter, ZIP8, Mediated by the ALK5-Smad2/3 and ALK5-Smad3-p38 MAPK Signal Pathways in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010448. [PMID: 35008873 PMCID: PMC8745387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells cover the luminal surface of blood vessels in a monolayer and play a role in the regulation of vascular functions, such as the blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system. When the monolayer is severely or repeatedly injured, platelets aggregate at the damaged site and release transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in large quantities from their α-granules. Cadmium is a heavy metal that is toxic to various organs, including the kidneys, bones, liver, and blood vessels. Our previous study showed that the expression level of Zrt/Irt-related protein 8 (ZIP8), a metal transporter that transports cadmium from the extracellular fluid into the cytosol, is a crucial factor in determining the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to cadmium cytotoxicity. In the present study, TGF-β1 was discovered to potentiate cadmium-induced cytotoxicity by increasing the intracellular accumulation of cadmium in cells. Additionally, TGF-β1 induced the expression of ZIP8 via the activin receptor-like kinase 5-Smad2/3 signaling pathways; Smad3-mediated induction of ZIP8 was associated with or without p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of cadmium to vascular endothelial cells increases when damaged endothelial monolayers that are highly exposed to TGF-β1 are repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (K.I.); (M.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomoya Fujie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Shimomura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (K.I.); (M.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (K.I.); (M.S.); (T.N.)
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-(0)4-7472-1827 (C.Y.); +81-(0)4-7121-3621 (T.K.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (K.I.); (M.S.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (T.K.); Tel.: +81-(0)4-7472-1827 (C.Y.); +81-(0)4-7121-3621 (T.K.)
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6
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He L, Xie H, Bai X, Zhao J, Cui L, Zhang J, Li B, Li YF. MALDI-TOF-MS and XAS analysis of complexes formed by metallothionein with mercury and/or selenium. Biometals 2021; 34:1353-1363. [PMID: 34599705 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic while selenium (Se) has been found to antagonize Hg. Both Hg and Se have been found to induce metallothioneins (MTs). In this study, the complexes formed by metallothionein-1 (MT-1) with HgCl2 and/or Na2SeO3 was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and X-ray absorption spectrometry (XAS). MALDI-TOF-MS and XAS indicated the formation of Hg-S bond or Se-S bond when MT-1 reacted with HgCl2 or Na2SeO3, respectively. The bond lengths of Hg-S and coordination number in MT-Hg are 2.41 ± 0.02 Å and 3.10 and in MT-Se are 2.50 ± 0.03 Å and 2.69. A MT-Se-Hg complex was formed when MT-1 reacted with both HgCl2 and Na2SeO3, in which the neighboring atom of Hg is Se, while the neighboring atoms of Se are S and Hg. Our study is an important step towards a better understanding of the interaction of HgCl2 and/or Na2SeO3 with proteins like MT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxin Xie
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Bai
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Environmental Science and Designing, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Jagoda SV, Dixon KM. Protective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its analogs on ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress: a review. Redox Rep 2021; 25:11-16. [PMID: 32093585 PMCID: PMC7054951 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1731261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D compound, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is produced in skin cells following exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. However, there are many harmful effects of UV which include DNA damage caused by direct absorption of UV, as well as that caused indirectly via UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, 1,25D and analogs have been shown to reduce both direct and indirect UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells. This was accompanied by reductions in ROS and in nitric oxide products with 1,25D following UV. Moreover, following acute UV exposure, 1,25D has been demonstrated to increase p53 levels in skin, which would presumably allow for repair of cells with damaged DNA, or apoptosis of cells with irreparably damaged DNA. Previous studies have also shown that p53 reduces intracellular ROS. Furthermore, 1,25D has been shown to induce metallothioneins, which are potent free radical scavengers. In addition to these protective effects, 1,25D has been demonstrated to inhibit stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases following UV exposure, and to increase levels of the stress-induced protein heme oxygenase-1 in a model of oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the protective effects of 1,25D and analogs in the context of UV, oxidative stress and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemani Vishalya Jagoda
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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8
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Hassan FAM, Kishawy ATY, Moustafa A, Roushdy EM. Growth performance, tissue precipitation, metallothionein and cytokine transcript expression and economics in response to different dietary zinc sources in growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:965-974. [PMID: 33871882 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impact of different dietary zinc sources on the growth, serum metabolites, tissue zinc content, economics and relative expression of cytokine and metallothionein genes was evaluated in this study. A total of 120 35-day-old male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups with 10 replicates per group and 3 animals per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet with a Zn-free vitamin-mineral premix; the other three groups received control basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg level with zinc oxide (ZnO; as inorganic source), Zn-methionine (Zn-Met; as organic source) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO). The results indicated that Zn-Met and nano-ZnO groups significantly improved body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility, as well as decreased mortality, compared to ZnO and control groups. Zn-Met and nano-ZnO significantly reduced serum total cholesterol but did not affect serum proteins and liver function. Nano-ZnO supplemented group also recorded the highest value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and lysozymes compared to other groups. Nano-ZnO supplementation had increased hepatic Zn and Cu content and decreased faecal Zn content. Also nano-ZnO group recorded higher expression levels of genes encoding for metallothionein I and metallothionein II, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ in the liver of rabbits. The findings of this study demonstrated zinc nanoparticles, and organic zinc supplementation had improved growth performance and health status of growing rabbits than inorganic zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardos A M Hassan
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elshimaa M Roushdy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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9
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Vornholt E, Drake J, Mamdani M, McMichael G, Taylor ZN, Bacanu SA, Miles MF, Vladimirov VI. Network preservation reveals shared and unique biological processes associated with chronic alcohol abuse in NAc and PFC. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243857. [PMID: 33332381 PMCID: PMC7745987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse has been linked to the disruption of executive function and allostatic conditioning of reward response dysregulation in the mesocorticolimbic pathway (MCL). Here, we analyzed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression from matched cases with alcohol dependence (AD) and controls (n = 35) via gene network analysis to identify unique and shared biological processes dysregulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We further investigated potential mRNA/miRNA interactions at the network and individual gene expression levels to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD in the brain. By using genotyped and imputed SNP data, we identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) uncovering potential genetic regulatory elements for gene networks associated with AD. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA (NAc = 6; PFC = 3) and miRNA (NAc = 3; PFC = 2) AD modules. The gene-set enrichment analyses revealed modules preserved between PFC and NAc to be enriched for immune response processes, whereas genes involved in cellular morphogenesis/localization and cilia-based cell projection were enriched in NAc modules only. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA/miRNA network module correlations (NAc = 6; PFC = 4), which at an individual transcript level implicated miR-449a/b as potential regulators for cellular morphogenesis/localization in NAc. Finally, we identified eQTLs (NAc: mRNA = 37, miRNA = 9; PFC: mRNA = 17, miRNA = 16) which potentially mediate alcohol's effect in a brain region-specific manner. Our study highlights the neurotoxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse as well as brain region specific molecular changes that may impact the development of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Drake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Mamdani
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gowon McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zachary N. Taylor
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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10
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Wang Z, Li X, Zhou B. Drosophila ZnT1 is essential in the intestine for dietary zinc absorption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1004-1011. [PMID: 33012507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element and participates in a variety of biological processes. ZnT (SLC30) family members are generally responsible for zinc efflux across the membrane regulating zinc homeostasis. In mammals, the only predominantly plasma membrane resident ZnT has been reported to be ZnT1, and ZnT1-/ZnT1- mice die at the embryonic stage. In Drosophila, knock down of ZnT1 homologue (dZnT1//ZnT63C/CG17723) results in growth arrest under zinc-limiting conditions. To investigate the essentiality of dZnT1 for zinc homeostasis, as well as its role in dietary zinc uptake especially under normal physiological conditions, we generated dZnT1 mutants by the CRISPER/Cas9 method. Homozygous mutant dZnT1 is lethal, with substantial zinc accumulation in the iron cell region, posterior midgut as well as gastric caeca. Expression of human ZnT1 (hZnT1), in the whole body or in the entire midgut, fully rescued the dZnT1 mutant lethality, whereas tissue-specific expression of hZnT1 in the iron cell region and posterior midgut partially rescued the developmental defect of the dZnT1 mutant. Supplementation of zinc together with clioquinol or hinokitiol conferred a limited but observable rescue upon dZnT1 loss. Our work demonstrated the absolute requirement of dZnT1 in Drosophila survival and indicated that the most essential role of dZnT1 is in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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11
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Dong S, Shirzadeh M, Fan L, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. Ag + Ion Binding to Human Metallothionein-2A Is Cooperative and Domain Specific. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8923-8932. [PMID: 32515580 PMCID: PMC8114364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a family of cysteine-rich proteins that play key biological roles for a wide range of metal ions, but unlike many other metalloproteins, the structures of apo- and partially metalated MTs are not well understood. Here, we combine nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nano-ESI-ion mobility (IM)-MS with collision-induced unfolding (CIU), chemical labeling using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and both bottom-up and top-down proteomics in an effort to better understand the metal binding sites of the partially metalated forms of human MT-2A, viz., Ag4-MT. The results for Ag4-MT are then compared to similar results obtained for Cd4-MT. The results show that Ag4-MT is a cooperative product, and data from top-down and bottom-up proteomics mass spectrometry analysis combined with NEM labeling revealed that all four Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are bound to the β-domain. The binding sites are identified as Cys13, Cys15, Cys19, Cys21, Cys24, and Cys26. While both Ag+ and Cd2+ react with MT to yield cooperative products, i.e., Ag4-MT and Cd4-MT, these products are very different; Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are located in the β-domain, whereas Cd2+ ions of Cd4-MT are located in the α-domain. Ag6-MT has been reported to be fully metalated in the β-domain, but our data suggest the two additional Ag+ ions are more weakly bound than are the other four. Higher order Agi-MT complexes (i = 7-17) are formed in solutions that contain excess Ag+ ions, and these are assumed to be bound to the α-domain or shared between the two domains. Interestingly, the excess Ag+ ions are displaced upon addition of NEM to this solution to yield predominantly Ag4NEM14-MT. Results from CIU suggest that Agi-MT complexes are structurally more ordered and that the energy required to unfold these complexes increases as the number of coordinated Ag+ increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Liqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Lehvy AI, Horev G, Golan Y, Glaser F, Shammai Y, Assaraf YG. Alterations in ZnT1 expression and function lead to impaired intracellular zinc homeostasis in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:144. [PMID: 31728210 PMCID: PMC6851190 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is vital for the structure and function of ~3000 human proteins and hence plays key physiological roles. Consequently, impaired zinc homeostasis is associated with various human diseases including cancer. Intracellular zinc levels are tightly regulated by two families of zinc transporters: ZIPs and ZnTs; ZIPs import zinc into the cytosol from the extracellular milieu, or from the lumen of organelles into the cytoplasm. In contrast, the vast majority of ZnTs compartmentalize zinc within organelles, whereas the ubiquitously expressed ZnT1 is the sole zinc exporter. Herein, we explored the hypothesis that qualitative and quantitative alterations in ZnT1 activity impair cellular zinc homeostasis in cancer. Towards this end, we first used bioinformatics to analyze inactivating mutations in ZIPs and ZNTs, catalogued in the COSMIC and gnomAD databases, representing tumor specimens and healthy population controls, respectively. ZnT1, ZnT10, ZIP8, and ZIP10 showed extremely high rates of loss of function mutations in cancer as compared to healthy controls. Analysis of the putative functional impact of missense mutations in ZnT1-ZnT10 and ZIP1-ZIP14, using homologous protein alignment and structural predictions, revealed that ZnT1 displays a markedly increased frequency of predicted functionally deleterious mutations in malignant tumors, as compared to a healthy population. Furthermore, examination of ZnT1 expression in 30 cancer types in the TCGA database revealed five tumor types with significant ZnT1 overexpression, which predicted dismal prognosis for cancer patient survival. Novel functional zinc transport assays, which allowed for the indirect measurement of cytosolic zinc levels, established that wild type ZnT1 overexpression results in low intracellular zinc levels. In contrast, overexpression of predicted deleterious ZnT1 missense mutations did not reduce intracellular zinc levels, validating eight missense mutations as loss of function (LoF) mutations. Thus, alterations in ZnT1 expression and LoF mutations in ZnT1 provide a molecular mechanism for impaired zinc homeostasis in cancer formation and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Israel Lehvy
- 1The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research, Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guy Horev
- 2Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lorry, I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life, Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yarden Golan
- 1The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research, Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fabian Glaser
- 2Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lorry, I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life, Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Shammai
- 1The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research, Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Gérard Assaraf
- 1The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research, Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Doumandji Z, Safar R, Lovera-Leroux M, Nahle S, Cassidy H, Matallanas D, Rihn B, Ferrari L, Joubert O. Protein and lipid homeostasis altered in rat macrophages after exposure to metallic oxide nanoparticles. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:65-82. [PMID: 31352547 PMCID: PMC7051947 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and Fe2O3, are widely used in industry. However, little is known about the cellular pathways involved in their potential toxicity. Here, we particularly investigated the key molecular pathways that are switched on after exposure to sub-toxic doses of ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and Fe2O3 in the in vitro rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383). As in our model, the calculated IC50 were respectively 16, 68, and more than 200 μg/mL for ZnO, ZnFe2O4, and Fe2O3; global gene and protein expression profiles were only analyzed after exposure to ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NPs. Using a rat genome microarray technology, we found that 985 and 1209 genes were significantly differentially expressed in NR8383 upon 4 h exposure to ¼ IC50 of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NPs, respectively. It is noteworthy that metallothioneins were overexpressed genes following exposure to both NPs. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the top canonical pathway disturbed in NR8383 exposed to ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NPs was eIF2 signaling involved in protein homeostasis. Quantitative mass spectrometry approach performed from both NR8383 cell extracts and culture supernatant indicated that 348 and 795 proteins were differentially expressed upon 24 h exposure to ¼ IC50 of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NPs, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the top canonical pathways disturbed in NR8383 were involved in protein homeostasis and cholesterol biosynthesis for both exposure conditions. While VEGF signaling was specific to ZnO exposure, iron homeostasis signaling pathway was specific to ZnFe2O4 NPs. Overall, the study provides resource of transcriptional and proteomic markers of response to ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NP-induced toxicity through combined transcriptomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Doumandji
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France.
| | - Ramia Safar
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM UMR_S NGERE 954, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Lovera-Leroux
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France
| | - Sara Nahle
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France
| | - Hilary Cassidy
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bertrand Rihn
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Ferrari
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011, Nancy, France
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14
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Ljubojević M, Orct T, Micek V, Karaica D, Jurasović J, Breljak D, Madunić IV, Rašić D, Jovanović IN, Peraica M, Gerić M, Gajski G, Oguić SK, Rogić D, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Sabolić I. Sex-dependent expression of metallothioneins MT1 and MT2 and concentrations of trace elements in rat liver and kidney tissues: Effect of gonadectomy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 53:98-108. [PMID: 30910215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) exhibit binding affinity for several essential and toxic trace elements. Previous studies in rodents indicated sex differences in the hepatic and renal expression of MTs and concentrations of various elements. The mechanism responsible for these differences has not been resolved. Here, in the liver and kidney tissues of sham-operated and gonadectomized male and female rats we determined the expression of MT1 and MT2 (MT1&2) mRNA by RT-PCR, abundance of MT1&2 proteins by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, concentrations of essential (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co) and toxic (Cd, Hg, Pb) elements by ICP-MS, and oxidative status parameters (SOD, GPx, MDA, GSH) by biochemical methods. In both organs, the expression of MT1&2 mRNA and MT1&2 proteins was female-dominant, upregulated by castration, and downregulated by ovariectomy. Concentrations of Fe in the liver and Co in the kidneys followed the same pattern. Most other elements (Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg) exhibited female- or male-dominant sex differences, affected by gonadectomy in one or both organs. Pb was sex- and gonadectomy-unaffected. GPx and MDA were elevated and associated with the highest concentrations of Fe only in the female liver. We conclude that the sex-dependent expression of MT1&2 mRNA and proteins in the rat liver and kidneys may include different mechanisms. In the liver, the female-dominant tissue concentrations of Fe may generate oxidative stress which is a potent enhancer of MTs production, whereas in kidneys, the female-dominant expression of MTs may be unrelated to Fe-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ljubojević
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Animal Breeding Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Novak Jovanović
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Kralik Oguić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Zhao WJ, Zhang ZJ, Zhu ZY, Song Q, Zheng WJ, Hu X, Mao L, Lian HZ. Time-dependent response of A549 cells upon exposure to cadmium. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1437-1446. [PMID: 30051583 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is considered one of the most harmful carcinogenic heavy metals in the human body. Although many scientists have performed research on cadmium toxicity mechanism, the toxicokinetic process of cadmium toxicity remains unclear. In the present study, the kinetic response of proteome in/and A549 cells to exposure of exogenous cadmium was profiled. A549 cells were treated with cadmium sulfate (CdSO4 ) for different periods and expressions of proteins in cells were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The kinetic expressions of proteins related to cadmium toxicity were further investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Intracellular cadmium accumulation and content fluctuation of several essential metals were observed after 0-24 hours of exposure by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fifty-four protein spots showed significantly differential responses to CdSO4 exposure at both 4.5 and 24 hours. From these proteins, four expression patterns were concluded. Their expressions always exhibited a maximum abundance ratio after CdSO4 exposure for 24 hours. The expression of metallothionein-1 and ZIP-8, concentration of total protein, and contents of cadmium, zinc, copper, cobalt and manganese in cells also showed regular change. In synthesis, the replacement of the essential metals, the inhibition of the expression of metal storing protein and the activation of metal efflux system are involved in cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Mao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Katayama K, Kawaguchi T, Shiraishi K, Ito T, Suzuki K, Koreeda C, Ohtake T, Iwasa M, Tokumoto Y, Endo R, Kawamura N, Shiraki M, Hanai T, Habu D, Tsuruta S, Sakai H, Miwa Y, Kawada N, Kato A, Takei Y, Mine T, Kohgo Y, Seki T, Sata M, Ito Y, Fukui K, Nishiguchi S, Moriwaki H, Suzuki K. The Prevalence and Implication of Zinc Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:437-444. [PMID: 29581807 PMCID: PMC5862092 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3374w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with liver cirrhosis often exhibit zinc deficiency. Although zinc is involved in many bioactivities, many aspects of clinical implications of zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis remain unclear. We aimed to reveal the prevalence and implications of zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis by assessing associations with parameters such as clinical symptoms and laboratory data. Methods In 235 cirrhosis patients enrolled at multiple medical institutions in 2009, we assessed how blood zinc levels were associated with their clinical symptoms, patients characteristics, and liver function test results. Results Blood zinc levels were most strongly correlated with blood albumin levels among the study parameters (r = 0.587, P < 0.0001). When blood albumin levels were ≤ 3.5 g/dL, blood zinc levels were < 70 μg/dL in 88% of patients. Additionally, significant correlations were observed with age (r = -0.253, P = 0.0014), aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = -0.254, P = 0.0020), total bilirubin levels (r = -0.222, P = 0.0053), prothrombin time (r = -0.255, P = 0.0029), branched-chain amino acid to tyrosine ratio (r = 0.357, P < 0.0001), Child-Pugh score (r = 0.469, P < 0.0001), ammonia levels (r = -0.246, P = 0.0028), and total cholesterol levels (r = 0.314, P < 0.0001). Blood zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with edema/ascites (P < 0.0001), those with hepatic encephalopathy (P = 0.0215), those receiving oral diuretics (P = 0.0045), and those receiving oral branched-chain amino acids (P < 0.0001) than in those without these conditions. Conclusions Zinc deficiency is prevalent in cirrhosis patients, whereas nitrogen metabolic disorders, particularly hypoalbuminemia, can be an indicator of zinc deficiency. Thus, cirrhosis patients exhibiting a nitrogen metabolic disorder should be examined for the presence of zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Katayama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-cho, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Kasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, JCHO Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuuwa General Hospital, 1200 Taniharanitta, Kasugabe 344-0035, Japan
| | - Chizu Koreeda
- Liver Disease Center, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ohtake
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tokumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shizugawa, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryujin Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuruta
- Deparment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHO Beppu Medical Center, 1473 Ooaza Utikamada, Beppu 874-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakai
- Deparment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHO Beppu Medical Center, 1473 Ooaza Utikamada, Beppu 874-0011, Japan
| | | | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morioka Municipal Hospital, 5-15-1 Motomiya, Morioka 020-0866, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Kasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan.,Center of Preventive Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara 329-2763, Japan
| | - Toshihito Seki
- Liver Disease Center, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Michio Sata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-cho, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukui
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Morioka University, 808 Sunakomi, Takizawa 020-0694, Japan
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17
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Sabolić I, Škarica M, Ljubojević M, Breljak D, Herak-Kramberger CM, Crljen V, Ljubešić N. Expression and immunolocalization of metallothioneins MT1, MT2 and MT3 in rat nephron. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:62-75. [PMID: 29413112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rodent kidneys exhibit three isoforms of metallothioneins (MTs), MT1, MT2 and MT3, with poorly characterized localization along the nephron. Here we studied in adult male Wistar rats the renal expression of MTs mRNA by end-point RT-PCR and MT proteins by immunochemical methods The expression pattern of MT1 mRNA was cortex (CO)>outer stripe (OS)=inner stripe (IS)=inner medulla (IM), of MT2 mRNA was IM>CO>IS=OS, and of MT3 mRNA was IM>CO=OS=IM. MT1/2-antibody stained with heterogeneous intensity the cell cytoplasm and nuclei in proximal tubule (PT) and thin ascending limb, whereas MT3-antibody stained weakly the cell cytoplasm in various cortical tubules and strongly the nuclei in all nephron segments. However, the isolated nuclei exhibited an absence of MT1/2 and presence of MT3 protein. In MT1/2-positive PT cells, the intracellular staining appeared diffuse or bipolar, but the isolated brush-border, basolateral and endosomal membranes were devoid of MT1/2 proteins. In the lumen of some PT profiles, the heterogeneously sized MT1/2-rich vesicles were observed, with the limiting membrane positive for NHE3, but negative for V-ATPase, CAIV, and megalin, whereas their interior was positive for CAII and negative for cytoskeleton. They seem to be pinched off from the luminal membrane of MT1/2-rich cells, as also indicated by transmission electron microscopy. We conclude that in male rats, MTs are heterogeneously abundant in the cell cytoplasm and/or nuclei along the nephron. The MT1/2-rich vesicles in the tubule lumen may represent a source of urine MT and membranous material, whereas MT3 in nuclei may handle zink and locally-produced reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia.
| | - Mario Škarica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia
| | | | - Vladiana Crljen
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research & Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Ljubešić
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (HAZU), Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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de Souza ID, de Andrade AS, Dalmolin RJS. Lead-interacting proteins and their implication in lead poisoning. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:375-386. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1429387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iara Dantas de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Abraão Silveira de Andrade
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry – CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight ubiquitous metalloproteins with high cysteine (thiol) content. The intracellular concentration of zinc (Zn) is tightly regulated and MT plays a crucial role in it. The present study investigates the relationship between the Zn status (as a function of Zn concentration and time) in the rat liver and the occurrence of hepatic MT. For dose dependent study, four experimental groups, one control and three receiving different levels of metal supplementation, were chosen [Group 1 control and Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 receiving subcutaneous dose of 10, 50 and 100 mg of Zn/kg body weight (in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O), respectively]. For the time dependent expression of MT, again four experimental groups, i.e. Group 5 control and Group 6, Group 7, Group 8 receiving 50 mg of Zn/kg body weight (in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O) subcutaneously and sacrificed at different time intervals after last injection i.e. 6, 18, 48 h, respectively were chosen. Isolation of MT was done by using combination of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography while characterization of MT fraction was carried in the wavelength range 200-400 nm. Expression of MT was studied by using Western blot analysis. The results revealed that the MT expression increases with increasing the dose of Zn administered and maximum at 18 h after last Zn injection. Accumulation of MT with increase dose would help in maintaining the intracellular Zn concentration by its sequestration which further reduces the possibility of undesirable binding of Zn to other proteins significantly and maintains Zn homeostasis. The maximum expression of MT at 18 h is indicative of its half life.
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Nielsen AE, Bohr A, Penkowa M. The Balance between Life and Death of Cells: Roles of Metallothioneins. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190600100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a highly conserved, low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich protein that occurs in 4 isoforms (MT-I to MT-IV), of which MT-I+II are the major and best characterized proteins. This review will focus on mammalian MT-I+II and their functional impact upon cellular survival and death, as seen in two rather contrasting pathological conditions: Neurodegeneration and neoplasms. MT-I+II have analogous functions including: 1) Antioxidant scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS); 2) Cytoprotection against degeneration and apoptosis; 3) Stimulation of cell growth and repair including angiogenesis/revascularization, activation of stem/progenitor cells, and neuroregeneration. Thereby, MT-I+II mediate neuroprotection, CNS restoration and clinical recovery during neurodegenerative disorders. Due to the promotion of cell survival, increased MT-I+II levels have been associated with poor tumor prognosis, although the data are less clear and direct causative roles of MT-I+II in oncogenesis remain to be identified. The MT-I+II molecular mechanisms of actions are not fully elucidated. However, their role in metal ion homeostasis might be fundamental in controlling Zn-dependent transcription factors, protein synthesis, cellular energy levels/metabolism and cell redox state. Here, the neuroprotective and regenerative functions of MT-I+II are reviewed, and the presumed link to oncogenesis is critically perused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Evald Nielsen
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milena Penkowa
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism
- The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Metallothioneins: Emerging Modulators in Immunity and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102197. [PMID: 29065550 PMCID: PMC5666878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of metal-binding proteins virtually expressed in all organisms including prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, invertebrates and mammals. These proteins regulate homeostasis of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), mitigate heavy metal poisoning, and alleviate superoxide stress. In recent years, MTs have emerged as an important, yet largely underappreciated, component of the immune system. Innate and adaptive immune cells regulate MTs in response to stress stimuli, cytokine signals and microbial challenge. Modulation of MTs in these cells in turn regulates metal ion release, transport and distribution, cellular redox status, enzyme function and cell signaling. While it is well established that the host strictly regulates availability of metal ions during microbial pathogenesis, we are only recently beginning to unravel the interplay between metal-regulatory pathways and immunological defenses. In this perspective, investigation of mechanisms that leverage the potential of MTs to orchestrate inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses has gained momentum. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to illumine the role of MTs in immune regulation. We discuss the mechanisms of MT induction and signaling in immune cells and explore the therapeutic potential of the MT-Zn axis in bolstering immune defenses against pathogens.
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Abu Ali H, Shalash AM, Akkawi M, Jaber S. Synthesis, characterization and
in vitro
biological activity of new zinc(II) complexes of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug sulindac and nitrogen‐donor ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hijazi Abu Ali
- Department of ChemistryBirzeit University West Bank Palestine
| | - Asia M. Shalash
- Department of ChemistryBirzeit University West Bank Palestine
| | - Mutaz Akkawi
- Department of Life SciencesAl‐Quds University West Bank Palestine
| | - Suhair Jaber
- Department of Life SciencesAl‐Quds University West Bank Palestine
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Chin WC, Lin KH, Liu CC, Tsuge K, Huang CC. Improved n-butanol production via co-expression of membrane-targeted tilapia metallothionein and the clostridial metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:36. [PMID: 28399854 PMCID: PMC5387206 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-Butanol has favorable characteristics for use as either an alternative fuel or platform chemical. Bio-based n-butanol production using microbes is an emerging technology that requires further development. Although bio-industrial microbes such as Escherichia coli have been engineered to produce n-butanol, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated toxicity may limit productivity. Previously, we show that outer-membrane-targeted tilapia metallothionein (OmpC-TMT) is more effective as an ROS scavenger than human and mouse metallothioneins to reduce oxidative stress in the host cell. Results The host strain (BUT1-DE) containing the clostridial n-butanol pathway displayed a decreased growth rate and limited n-butanol productivity, likely due to ROS accumulation. The clostridial n-butanol pathway was co-engineered with inducible OmpC-TMT in E. coli (BUT3-DE) for simultaneous ROS removal, and its effect on n-butanol productivity was examined. The ROS scavenging ability of cells overexpressing OmpC-TMT was examined and showed an approximately twofold increase in capacity. The modified strain improved n-butanol productivity to 320 mg/L, whereas the control strain produced only 95.1 mg/L. Transcriptomic analysis revealed three major KEGG pathways that were significantly differentially expressed in the BUT3-DE strain compared with their expression in the BUT1-DE strain, including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, fructose and mannose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Conclusions These results indicate that OmpC-TMT can increase n-butanol production by scavenging ROS. The transcriptomic analysis suggested that n-butanol causes quinone malfunction, resulting in oxidative-phosphorylation-related nuo operon downregulation, which would diminish the ability to convert NADH to NAD+ and generate proton motive force. However, fructose and mannose metabolism-related genes (fucA, srlE and srlA) were upregulated, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related genes (pfkB, pgm) were downregulated, which further assisted in regulating NADH/NAD+ redox and preventing additional ATP depletion. These results indicated that more NADH and ATP were required in the n-butanol synthetic pathway. Our study demonstrates a potential approach to increase the robustness of microorganisms and the production of toxic chemicals through the ability to reduce oxidative stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0356-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Lin
- Center of Cold Chain Logistics Certification, College of Management, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Tsuge
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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24
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Hara T, Takeda TA, Takagishi T, Fukue K, Kambe T, Fukada T. Physiological roles of zinc transporters: molecular and genetic importance in zinc homeostasis. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:283-301. [PMID: 28130681 PMCID: PMC10717645 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral that regulates the expression and activation of biological molecules such as transcription factors, enzymes, adapters, channels, and growth factors, along with their receptors. Zn deficiency or excessive Zn absorption disrupts Zn homeostasis and affects growth, morphogenesis, and immune response, as well as neurosensory and endocrine functions. Zn levels must be adjusted properly to maintain the cellular processes and biological responses necessary for life. Zn transporters regulate Zn levels by controlling Zn influx and efflux between extracellular and intracellular compartments, thus, modulating the Zn concentration and distribution. Although the physiological functions of the Zn transporters remain to be clarified, there is growing evidence that Zn transporters are related to human diseases, and that Zn transporter-mediated Zn ion acts as a signaling factor, called "Zinc signal". Here we describe critical roles of Zn transporters in the body and their contribution at the molecular, biochemical, and genetic levels, and review recently reported disease-related mutations in the Zn transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Takeda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Fukue
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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25
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Roles of Zinc Transporters in Cellular Transport of Cadmium and Manganese. Metallomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56463-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Chen WQ, Cheng YY, Zhao XL, Li ST, Hou Y, Hong Y. Effects of Zinc on the Induction of Metallothione in Isoforms in Hippocampus in Stress Rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1564-8. [PMID: 17018881 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in the cellular metabolism of zinc and in cytoprotection against stress factors. Hippocampus plays a specific role in the body's response to stressors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc on the expression of metallothionein isoforms in the hippocampus of stress rats. The animal model of psychologic stress was developed by restraint for 4 weeks. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control group, zinc-deficient group, zinc-supplemented group, and the corresponding 3 stress groups. Three separate diets of different zinc contents (1.73 ppm, 17.7 ppm, and 41.4 ppm, respectively) were used in this study. Compared with the control group, the stress groups had higher inductions of MTs and MT-1 and MT-3 mRNA in hippocampus. On the one hand, the expressions of MTs and their mRNAs in hippocampus were downregulated in the zinc-deficient group; however, their expressions were evidently enhanced in the stress zinc-deficient group. MT induction in the zinc-supplemented group was increased. Furthermore, the stress zinc-supplemented group had a more significant yield of MTs and their mRNAs. In addition, the levels of plasma cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, and nitric oxide (NO) were increased clearly in the zinc-deficient group and the stress groups. The results suggest that zinc deficiency may decrease and zinc supplementation may increase the expressions of MTs and their mRNAs in hippocampus; moreover, stress can increase their expressions dramatically. The Impairment of stress on the body may be involved with the nutrition status of zinc, and zinc deficiency can lower the body's adaptability to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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27
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Bain PA, Gregg AL, Kumar A. De novo assembly and analysis of changes in the protein-coding transcriptome of the freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis (Decapoda: Atyidae) in response to acid sulfate drainage water. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:890. [PMID: 27821072 PMCID: PMC5100079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The atyid shrimp Paratya australiensis occurs in surface freshwater habitats throughout eastern Australia and has been used to study the ecotoxicology of contaminants such as pesticides and metals. The acidification of surface water that can occur after acid sulfate material in soils and sediments is oxidised and subsequently re-wetted is a serious environmental issue in coastal regions and inland riverine floodplains worldwide. Solubilisation of soil-associated minerals can result in high waterborne concentrations of mineral salts and dissolved metals, which together with low pH represent a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems in affected regions. The aims of the present study were to gain insight into stress responses induced by exposure to acid drainage water (ADW) in P. australiensis by determining changes in the abundance of protein-coding transcripts and to generate a comprehensive transcriptomic resource to facilitate further research into gene regulation or protein structure and function in this species. Adult P. australiensis were exposed for 24 h to undiluted ADW, 50 % ADW diluted in river water, or to river water as control, and high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) conducted on whole-body tissues. A reference transcriptome was generated using de novo assembly and putative protein-coding regions were identified and annotated. Changes in transcript abundance in response to ADW exposure were determined by aligning reads to the reference transcriptome and quantifying coverage. Results A high proportion of arthropod benchmarking universal single-copy orthologues were present in the reference transcriptome. Functions associated with cuticle biosynthesis and oxidative stress were significantly enriched in the lists of transcripts exhibiting differential abundance in either direction after exposure to 50 % or 100 % ADW. Transcripts involved in osmoregulation exhibited decreased abundance following exposure to ADW. The transcriptome contained full-length coding sequences for numerous proteins known to be involved in environmental response pathways, including two putative metallothioneins, four glutathione peroxidases and 19 nuclear receptors. Conclusions The results of the present study provide insight into stress response pathways induced in crustaceans by short-term exposure to multiple stressors present in ADW such as low pH, high salinity and dissolved metals, and represent a resource for future toxicogenomics and protein functional studies in P. australiensis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3208-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bain
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia. .,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Private Mail Bag 2, Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia.
| | - Adrienne L Gregg
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Waite Road, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
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28
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Eidizadeh A, Trendelenburg G. Focusing on the protective effects of metallothionein-I/II in cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:721-2. [PMID: 27335546 PMCID: PMC4904453 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abass Eidizadeh
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - George Trendelenburg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Ricci G, Ferrari S, Calamelli E, Ricci L, Neri I, Patrizi A. Heterogeneity in the genetic alterations and in the clinical presentation of acrodermatitis enteropathic: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:274-9. [PMID: 26684640 PMCID: PMC5806715 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015606845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrodermatitis enteropathic (AE) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a zinc deficiency and characterized by a classical triad of symptoms: dermatitis, alopecia, and diarrhea. The defective gene is SLC39A4, which encodes a zinc transporter. Nevertheless many abnormalities in SLC39A4 have been relieved, only 50% of patients show alterations. Here is reported the case of an infant with mild and incomplete manifestations of AE, for whom the SLC39A4 genetic test was performed. A novel mutation in SLC39A4 was identified. Zinc replacement improved rapidly the skin lesions. Our case highlights the importance of suspecting this rare condition and to perform the genetic test even in those patients who do not fulfil the classical triad of symptoms. Further efforts should be addressed to identify a more strength correlation between genotype and phenotype of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ricci
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - S Ferrari
- Medical Genetic - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - E Calamelli
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - L Ricci
- Dermatology Unit - Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - I Neri
- Dermatology Unit - Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - A Patrizi
- Dermatology Unit - Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola- Malpighi Hospital, Italy
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30
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Torres P, Rodrigues A, Soares L, Garcia P. Metal Concentrations in Two Commercial Tuna Species from an Active Volcanic Region in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:341-347. [PMID: 26681184 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead [Pb (µg g(-1) wet weight)] were determined in liver and muscle samples of 15 bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and 15 skipjack tunas (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught over an active volcanic region in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean (Azores, Portugal) and evaluated regarding consumption safety. None of the muscle samples (edible part) exceeded the European Union (EU) maximum limits (MLs) for Hg and Pb. Cd concentrations in muscle were much greater than EU MLs with 53 and 26 % of the bigeye tuna and skipjack tuna, respectively, in exceedance of the limits. Results obtained in this work, together with other studies in the same region, support the existence of an important volcanic source of Cd in waters of the Mid-Atlantic region, which should be carefully monitored given the importance of many commercial marine species for human consumption, mainly in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Torres
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Lília Soares
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Klaren WD, Flor S, Gibson-Corley KN, Ludewig G, Robertson LW. Metallothionein's role in PCB126 induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic micronutrient disruption. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:21-28. [PMID: 26770886 PMCID: PMC4710377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial chemicals and persistent environmental pollutants, are found in rural and urban settings. Rodent studies have shown that exposure to PCB126, a dioxin-like PCB, causes a significant disruption of hepatic micronutrient homeostasis and an increase in metallothionein (MT), an antioxidant protein and metal carrier. A MT knockout mouse strain was used to assess metallothionein’s role in micronutrient disruption and overall hepatotoxicity. Twenty four 129S male mice (12 wild type (WT) and 12 MT knockout (MTKO)) were placed on a purified diet (AIN-93G) for 3 weeks to achieve hepatic metal equilibrium. Mice were then given a single IP injection of either vehicle or 150 μmol/kg PCB126 in vehicle. The animals were sacrificed 2 weeks later and organs processed for analysis. Liver histology, hepatic lipids, gene expression, micronutrient and ROS status were investigated. Liver weights, liver lipids, ROS, and hepatocyte vacuolation were increased with PCB126 exposure along with AhR responsive genes. The MTKO animals had more severe histological changes in the liver and elevated liver lipids than their wild type counterparts. Hepatic and renal metals levels (Cu, Zn, Se and Mn) were mostly reduced by PCB126 treatment. Renal micronutrients were more affected by PCB126 treatment in the MTKO animals. This research suggests that MT may not be the sole/primary cause of the metal disruption caused by PCB126 exposure in mice, but may provide protection against overall hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Klaren
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - S Flor
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - G Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - L W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Metallothionein-II Application in Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144035. [PMID: 26658636 PMCID: PMC4682799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein-II (MT-II) is an ubiquitously expressed small-molecular-weight protein and highly induced in various species and tissues upon stress, inflammation, and ischemia. MT-deficiency exacerbates ischemic injury in rodent stroke models in vitro and in vivo. However, there is conflicting data on the potential neuroprotective effect of exogenously applied metallothionein. Thus, we applied MT-II in an in vitro stroke model and intraperitoneally (i.p.) in two in vivo standard models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (a ‘stringent’ one [60min MCAO/48h reperfusion] and a ‘mild’ one [30min MCAO/72h reperfusion]), as well as i.v. together with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) to evaluate if exogenous MT-II-application protects against ischemic stroke. Whereas MT-II did not protect against 60min MCAO, there was a significant reduction of direct and indirect infarct volumes and neurological deficit in the MT-II (i.p.) treated animals in the ‘mild’ model at 3d after MCAO. Furthermore, MT-II also improved survival of the mice after MCAO, suppressed TNF-α mRNA induction in ischemic brain tissue, and protected primary neuronal cells against oxygen-glucose-deprivation in vitro. Thus, exogenous application of MT-II protects against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. However, long-term studies with different species and larger sampling sizes are required before a clinical use can be envisaged.
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Wang B, Klaren WD, Wels BR, Simmons DL, Olivier AK, Wang K, Robertson LW, Ludewig G. Dietary Manganese Modulates PCB126 Toxicity, Metal Status, and MnSOD in the Rat. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:15-26. [PMID: 26660635 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PCB126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist and induces oxidative stress. Because liver manganese (Mn) levels decrease in response to PCB126, a Mn dietary study was designed to investigate the role of Mn in PCB126 toxicity. Male Sprague Dawley rats received diets containing 0, 10, or 150 ppm added Mn for 3 weeks, followed by a single ip injection of corn oil or PCB126 (5 µmol/kg body weight). After 2 weeks, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe levels in the heart, liver, and liver mitochondria, and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and metallothionein mRNA, MnSOD protein, and MnSOD activity were determined. Mn levels in liver, heart, and liver mitochondria were strongly decreased by the Mn-deficient diet. Small effects on Fe levels and a stepwise increase in MnSOD activity with dietary Mn were also visible. PCB126 caused profound changes in Cu (up), Zn, Fe, and Mn (down) in liver, but not in heart, and differing effects (Cu, Zn, and Fe up, Mn down) in liver mitochondria. Liver MnSOD and metallothionein mRNA levels and MnSOD protein were increased but MnSOD activity was decreased by PCB126. PCB126-induced liver enlargement was dose-dependently reduced with increasing dietary Mn. These changes in metals homeostasis and MnSOD activity in liver but not heart may be a/the mechanism of PCB126 liver-specific toxicity. Specifically, transport of Fenton metals (Cu, Fe) into and Mn out of the mitochondria, a probable mechanism for lower MnSOD activity, may be a/the cause of PCB126-induced oxidative stress. The role of metallothioneins needs further evaluation. Dietary Mn slightly alleviated PCB126-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Wang
- *The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and
| | | | - Brian R Wels
- State Hygienic Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Donald L Simmons
- State Hygienic Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Statesville, Mississippi
| | | | - Larry W Robertson
- *The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- *The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Gefeller EM, Bondzio A, Aschenbach JR, Martens H, Einspanier R, Scharfen F, Zentek J, Pieper R, Lodemann U. Regulation of intracellular Zn homeostasis in two intestinal epithelial cell models at various maturation time points. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:317-28. [PMID: 25757458 PMCID: PMC10717430 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
After weaning, piglets are often fed diets supplemented with high concentrations of zinc (Zn) to decrease post-weaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to elucidate the regulation of Zn homeostasis within intestinal epithelial cells during excessive Zn exposure. High Zn concentrations elevated the intracellular Zn level in IPEC-J2 and Caco-2 cells which was influenced by differentiation status and time of exposure. With increasing Zn concentrations, mRNA and protein levels of metallothionein (MT) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1) were upregulated, whereas zinc transporter 4 (ZIP4) expression was downregulated. Metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 (MTF1) mRNA expression was upregulated at high Zn concentrations in IPEC-J2 cells, which corresponded to higher intracellular Zn concentrations. Based on these results, we suggest that intestinal epithelial cells adapt the expression of these genes to the amount of extracellular Zn available in order to maintain Zn homeostasis. Cell line-dependent differences in the regulation of Zn homeostasis were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Gefeller
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Bondzio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R. Aschenbach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Scharfen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lodemann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Fujikawa K, Fukumori R, Nakamura S, Kutsukake T, Takarada T, Yoneda Y. Potential interactions of calcium-sensitive reagents with zinc ion in different cultured cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127421. [PMID: 26010609 PMCID: PMC4444355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several chemicals have been widely used to evaluate the involvement of free Ca2+ in mechanisms underlying a variety of biological responses for decades. Here, we report high reactivity to zinc of well-known Ca2+-sensitive reagents in diverse cultured cells. Methodology/Principal Findings In rat astrocytic C6 glioma cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ dye Fluo-3, the addition of ZnCl2 gradually increased the fluorescence intensity in a manner sensitive to the Ca2+ chelator EGTA irrespective of added CaCl2. The addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 drastically increased Fluo-3 fluorescence in the absence of ZnCl2, while the addition of the Zn2+ ionophore pyrithione rapidly and additionally increased the fluorescence in the presence of ZnCl2, but not in its absence. In cells loaded with the zinc dye FluoZin-3 along with Fluo-3, a similarly gradual increase was seen in the fluorescence of Fluo-3, but not of FluoZin-3, in the presence of both CaCl2 and ZnCl2. Further addition of pyrithione drastically increased the fluorescence intensity of both dyes, while the addition of the Zn2+ chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) rapidly and drastically decreased FluoZin-3 fluorescence. In cells loaded with FluoZin-3 alone, the addition of ZnCl2 induced a gradual increase in the fluorescence in a fashion independent of added CaCl2 but sensitive to EGTA. Significant inhibition was found in the vitality to reduce 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide in a manner sensitive to TPEN, EDTA and BAPTA in C6 glioma cells exposed to ZnCl2, with pyrithione accelerating the inhibition. Similar inhibition occurred in an EGTA-sensitive fashion after brief exposure to ZnCl2 in pluripotent P19 cells, neuronal Neuro2A cells and microglial BV2 cells, which all expressed mRNA for particular zinc transporters. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, comprehensive analysis is absolutely required for the demonstration of a variety of physiological and pathological responses mediated by Ca2+ in diverse cells enriched of Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukumori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Saki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Takaya Kutsukake
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920–1192, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Shi F, Sheng Q, Xu X, Huang W, Kang YJ. Zinc supplementation suppresses the progression of bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:1197-204. [PMID: 25432983 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214558026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) gene therapy leads to resolution of liver fibrosis in mouse model, in which the activation of collagenases is involved in the regression of liver fibrosis. MT plays a critical role in zinc sequestration in the liver suggesting its therapeutic effect would be mediated by zinc. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that zinc supplementation suppresses liver fibrosis. Male Kunming mice subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) resulted in liver fibrosis as assessed by increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I production/deposition in the liver. Zinc supplementation was introduced 4 weeks after BDL surgery via intragastric administration once daily for 2 weeks resulting in a significant reduction in the collagen deposition in the liver and an increase in the survival rate. Furthermore, zinc suppressed gene expression of α-SMA and collagen I and enhanced the capacity of collagen degradation, as determined by the increased activity of total collagenases and elevated mRNA and protein levels of MMP13. Therefore, the results demonstrate that zinc supplementation suppresses BDL-induced liver fibrosis through both inhibiting collagen production and enhancing collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qin Sheng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Malairaman U, Dandapani K, Katyal A. Effect of Ca2EDTA on zinc mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of an in vivo mouse model of hypobaric hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110253. [PMID: 25340757 PMCID: PMC4207758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium overload has been implicated as a critical event in glutamate excitotoxicity associated neurodegeneration. Recently, zinc accumulation and its neurotoxic role similar to calcium has been proposed. Earlier, we reported that free chelatable zinc released during hypobaric hypoxia mediates neuronal damage and memory impairment. The molecular mechanism behind hypobaric hypoxia mediated neuronal damage is obscure. The role of free zinc in such neuropathological condition has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the underlying role of free chelatable zinc in hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuronal inflammation and apoptosis resulting in hippocampal damage. Methods Adult male Balb/c mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia and treated with saline or Ca2EDTA (1.25 mM/kg i.p) daily for four days. The effects of Ca2EDTA on apoptosis (caspases activity and DNA fragmentation), pro-inflammatory markers (iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2), NADPH oxidase activity, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, HIF-1α, metallothionein-3, ZnT-1 and ZIP-6 were examined in the hippocampal region of brain. Results Hypobaric hypoxia resulted in increased expression of metallothionein-3 and zinc transporters (ZnT-1 and ZIP-6). Hypobaric hypoxia elicited an oxidative stress and inflammatory response characterized by elevated NADPH oxidase activity and up-regulation of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α. Furthermore, hypobaric hypoxia induced HIF-1α protein expression, PARP activation and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Administration of Ca2EDTA significantly attenuated the hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Conclusion We propose that hypobaric hypoxia/reperfusion instigates free chelatable zinc imbalance in brain associated with neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, zinc chelating strategies which block zinc mediated neuronal damage linked with cerebral hypoxia and other neurodegenerative conditions can be designed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayabanu Malairaman
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kumaran Dandapani
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anju Katyal
- Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Liu Q, Wang S, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanisms: Role of oxidative stress and damage. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5:623-34. [PMID: 25422760 PMCID: PMC4234223 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy as an important threat to health occurs with or without coexistence of vascular diseases. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain incompletely clear. Although several pathological mechanisms responsible for diabetic cardiomyopathy have been proposed, oxidative stress is widely considered as one of the major causes for the pathogenesis of the disease. Hyperglycemia-, hyperlipidemia-, hypertension- and inflammation-induced oxidative stress are major risk factors for the development of microvascular pathogenesis in the diabetic myocardium, which results in abnormal gene expression, altered signal transduction and the activation of pathways leading to programmed myocardial cell deaths. In the present article, we aim to provide an extensive review of the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidants in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on our own works and literature information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China ; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA ; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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Harmaza YM, Slobozhanina EI. Zinc essentiality and toxicity. Biophysical aspects. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Katayama K, Saito M, Kawaguchi T, Endo R, Sawara K, Nishiguchi S, Kato A, Kohgo H, Suzuki K, Sakaida I, Ueno Y, Habu D, Ito T, Moriwaki H, Suzuki K. Effect of zinc on liver cirrhosis with hyperammonemia: a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Nutrition 2014; 30:1409-14. [PMID: 25280421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To our knowledge, no randomized study has shown whether zinc replacement therapy is effective for hyperammonemia in liver cirrhosis; therefore, we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine efficacy and safety of the zinc replacement therapy. METHODS Patients with liver cirrhosis and hyperammonemia (at or above the institutional reference value) and hypozincemia (≤65 μg/dL) were enrolled in the outpatient units of the participating institutions and were randomly divided to receive placebo (P group) or zinc acetate preparation at a dose of 3 capsules/d for a total zinc content of 150 mg/d (Z group) by the envelope method. Of the 18 enrolled patients, 6 dropped out; thus, the analyses included 12 patients (5 in the P group and 7 in the Z group). Variations in blood concentrations of zinc and ammonia as well as liver function test results were compared. RESULTS Blood zinc levels significantly increased in the Z group (P = 0.0037; Friedman test) but not the P group. Blood ammonia levels significantly decreased in the Z group (P = 0.0114; Friedman test) but not the P group. The percent change in blood ammonia level also revealed significant reduction at the eighth week in the Z group (P = 0.0188: Mann-Whitney test). No serious adverse events attributable to the zinc preparation were noted. CONCLUSION Although this study is preliminary and includes a small sample, it is, to our knowledge, the first randomized controlled trial to show that zinc supplementation for 3 mo seems effective and safe for treating hyperammonemia in liver cirrhosis. Studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Katayama
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka Medical Center of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masanori Saito
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Digestive Disease Information and Research, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ryujin Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kei Sawara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morioka Municipal Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohgo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Daiki Habu
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Morioka University, Morioka, Japan
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Mehus AA, Muhonen WW, Garrett SH, Somji S, Sens DA, Shabb JB. Quantitation of human metallothionein isoforms: a family of small, highly conserved, cysteine-rich proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1020-33. [PMID: 24493013 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.033373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metallothioneins (MTs) are important regulators of metal homeostasis and protectors against oxidative damage. Their altered mRNA expression has been correlated with metal toxicity and a variety of cancers. Current immunodetection methods lack the specificity to distinguish all 12 human isoforms. Each, however, can be distinguished by the mass of its acetylated, cysteine-rich, hydrophilic N-terminal tryptic peptides. These properties were exploited to develop a bottom-up MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS-based method for their simultaneous quantitation. Key features included enrichment of N-terminal acetylated peptides by strong cation exchange chromatography, optimization of C18 reversed-phase chromatography, and control of methionine oxidation. Combinations of nine isoforms were identified in seven cell lines and two tissues. Relative quantitation was accomplished by comparing peak intensities of peptides generated from pooled cytosolic proteins alkylated with ¹⁴N- or ¹⁵N-iodoacetamide. Absolute quantitation was achieved using ¹⁵N-iodoacetamide-labeled synthetic peptides as internal standards. The method was applied to the cadmium induction of MTs in human kidney HK-2 epithelial cells expressing recombinant MT-3. Seven isoforms were detected with abundances spanning almost 2 orders of magnitude and inductions up to 12-fold. The protein-to-mRNA ratio for MT-1E was one-tenth that of other MTs, suggesting isoform-specific differences in protein expression efficiency. Differential expression of MT-1G1 and MT-1G2 suggested tissue- and cell-specific alternative splicing for the MT-1G isoform. Protein expression of MT isoforms was also evaluated in human breast epithelial cancer cell lines. Estrogen-receptor-positive cell lines expressed only MT-2 and MT-1X, whereas estrogen-receptor-negative cell lines additionally expressed MT-1E. The combined expression of MT isoforms was 38-fold greater in estrogen-receptor-negative cell lines than in estrogen-receptor-positive cells. These findings demonstrate that individual human MT isoforms can be accurately quantified in cells and tissues at the protein level, complementing and expanding mRNA measurement as a means for evaluating MTs as potential biomarkers for cancers or heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Mehus
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 Columbia Road N., Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Ostan R, Cevenini E, Gonos ES, Monti D. Micronutrient-gene interactions related to inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity in ageing and inflammation. A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:29-49. [PMID: 24388876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent longitudinal studies in dietary daily intake in human centenarians have shown that a satisfactory content of some micronutrients within the cells maintain several immune functions, a low grade of inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, selenium) play a pivotal role in maintaining and reinforcing the performances of the immune and antioxidant systems as well as in affecting the complex network of the genes (nutrigenomic) with anti- and pro-inflammatory tasks. Genes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some key regulators of trace elements homeostasis, such as Metallothioneins (MT), are involved in the susceptibility to major geriatric disease/disorders. Moreover, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the nutrients' absorption (nutrigenetic) with altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. The interaction between genetic factors and micronutrients (nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic approaches) may influence ageing and longevity because the micronutrients may become also toxic. This review reports the micronutrient-gene interactions in ageing and their impact on the healthy state with a focus on the method of protein-metal speciation analysis. The association between micronutrient-gene interactions and the protein-metal speciation analysis can give a complete picture for a personalized nutrient supplementation or chelation in order to reach healthy ageing and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Cevenini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Ng CT, Li JJ, Gurung RL, Hande MP, Ong CN, Bay BH, Yung LYL. Toxicological profile of small airway epithelial cells exposed to gold nanoparticles. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1355-61. [PMID: 24157586 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213505964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have diverse applications in the biomedical industry such as in diagnosis, labeling, delivering and sensing. Despite their prevalent medical use, nanotoxicity induced by AuNPs is still largely unknown. We have previously shown that AuNPs could exert cytotoxic effects on lung fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the in vitro toxicological effects of AuNPs in small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) which are the first cells of contact for inhaled NPs and compared expression of metallothionein (MT), a reactive oxygen species scavenger, in SAECs and lung fibroblasts in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy study revealed cellular uptake of aggregates of AuNPs into the cytoplasm at the ultrastructural level. A significant increase in lipid peroxide as well as substantial DNA damage and cytotoxicity was observed in AuNP-treated cells. For MT expression, AuNPs induced down-regulation of the MT-1X isoform in SAECs, but up-regulation of the MT-1X and MT-2 A isoforms in MRC5 lung fibroblasts. The present study suggests that AuNPs could induce oxidative stress-related cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in SAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S117597 Singapore
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Chin WC, Lin KH, Chang JJ, Huang CC. Improvement of n-butanol tolerance in Escherichia coli by membrane-targeted tilapia metallothionein. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:130. [PMID: 24020941 PMCID: PMC3848587 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though n-butanol has been proposed as a potential transportation biofuel, its toxicity often causes oxidative stress in the host microorganism and is considered one of the bottlenecks preventing its efficient mass production. RESULTS To relieve the oxidative stress in the host cell, metallothioneins (MTs), which are known as scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS), were engineered in E. coli hosts for both cytosolic and outer-membrane-targeted (osmoregulatory membrane protein OmpC fused) expression. Metallothioneins from human (HMT), mouse (MMT), and tilapia fish (TMT) were tested. The host strain expressing membrane-targeted TMT showed the greatest ability to reduce oxidative stresses induced by n-butanol, ethanol, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and nickel. The same strain also allowed for an increased growth rate of recombinant E. coli under n-butanol stress. Further experiments indicated that the TMT-fused OmpC protein could not only function in ROS scavenging but also regulate either glycine betaine (GB) or glucose uptake via osmosis, and the dual functional fusion protein could contribute in an enhancement of the host microorganism's growth rate. CONCLUSIONS The abilities of scavenging intracellular or extracellular ROS by these engineering E. coli were examined, and TMT show the best ability among three MTs. Additionally, the membrane-targeted fusion protein, OmpC-TMT, improved host tolerance up to 1.5% n-butanol above that of TMT which is only 1%. These results presented indicate potential novel approaches for engineering stress tolerant microorganism strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Lin
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, NHRI, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Nanosized zinc oxide induces toxicity in human lung cells. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:316075. [PMID: 23997968 PMCID: PMC3749605 DOI: 10.1155/2013/316075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. With the wide application of ZnO-NPs, concern has been raised about its unintentional health and environmental impacts. This study investigates the toxic effects of ZnO-NPs in human lung cells. In order to assess toxicity, human lung epithelial cells (L-132) were exposed to dispersion of 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 μ g/mL for 24 h. The toxicity was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology, cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage analysis, and gene expression. Exposure to 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations between 5 and 100 μ g/mL decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological examination revealed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The oxidative stress parameters revealed significant depletion of GSH level and increase in ROS levels suggesting generation of oxidative stress. ZnO-NPs exposure caused DNA fragmentation demonstrating apoptotic type of cell death. ZnO-NPs increased the expression of metallothionein gene, which is considered as a biomarker in metal-induced toxicity. To summarize, ZnO-NPs cause toxicity in human lung cells possibly through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Nakashima-Kaneda K, Matsuda A, Mizuguchi H, Sasaki-Sakamoto T, Saito H, Ra C, Okayama Y. Regulation of IgE-dependent zinc release from human mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161 Suppl 2:44-51. [PMID: 23711853 DOI: 10.1159/000350359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) affects many aspects of immune function, including thymic development and the activities of immune cells. Zn is also involved in many steps of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-induced mast cell (MC) activation, which is required for degranulation and cytokine production. Intracellular Zn levels increase in mouse MCs after FcεRI stimulation. We previously reported that Zn distribution in a human MC line, LAD2, changed dramatically following FcεRI aggregation with synchrotron radiation microbeams. However, the kinetics of Zn distribution and the underlying mechanisms following FcεRI cross-linking remain unknown. METHODS We used cord-blood-derived MCs and LAD2 cells. Degranulation was assessed by β-hexosaminidase (β-hex) release. Extracellular Zn levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or based on the fluorescence intensity of a Zn indicator. We also used RNAi to knockdown ZnT1 expression. mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Zn was rapidly released from human MCs after FcεRI aggregation. The kinetics and optimal conditions for FcεRI cross-linking for Zn release were different from those for degranulation. Treating LAD2 cells with an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator significantly inhibited IgE-mediated β-hex release but not Zn release. We investigated IgE-mediated β-hex and Zn release with specific inhibitors of signaling pathways. Zn and β-hex release were partly correlated with but also partly independent of IgE. Knockdown of the Zn efflux transporter, ZnT1, significantly inhibited Zn release from human MCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IgE-dependent Zn release from human MCs involves signaling cascades that are distinct from those of degranulation. Thus, Zn may have a unique function as a mediator of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Nakashima-Kaneda
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Xu X, Shi F, Huang W, Kang YJ. Metallothionein gene transfection reverses the phenotype of activated human hepatic stellate cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:48-53. [PMID: 23620539 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) gene therapy leads to resolution of liver fibrosis in mouse model. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that reversal of the phenotype of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contributes to the fibrinolysis effect of MT. Human HSC LX-2 cells were activated after they were cultured for 24 hours, as indicated by expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I and depressed expression of collagenases. Transfection with a plasmid containing human MT-IIA gene in the activated HSCs effectively increased the protein level of MT. The expression of MT was accompanied by the reduction in protein levels of α-SMA and collagen-I and a decrease in their mRNA levels. Of importance, MT gene transfection resulted in upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 8, and 13, which are involved in the resolution of liver fibrosis. This study demonstrates that reversal of the phenotype of activated HSCs, particularly the upregulation of collagenases, is likely to be involved in the resolution of liver fibrosis observed in MT gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chiba M, Katayama K, Takeda R, Morita R, Iwahashi K, Onishi Y, Kita H, Nishio A, Kanno T, Saito T, Maeda K, Naito M, Michida T, Ito T. Diuretics aggravate zinc deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis by increasing zinc excretion in urine. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:365-73. [PMID: 22994500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by zinc deficiency. The exact mechanisms underlying zinc deficiency remain unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the influence of diuretics on blood zinc levels and zinc excretion in urine in liver cirrhosis. METHODS Seventy-nine outpatients with liver cirrhosis were divided into four groups: (i) patients receiving no zinc preparations or diuretics (LC group); (ii) those receiving zinc preparations only (LCZ group); (iii) those receiving diuretics only (LCD group); and (iv) those receiving both zinc preparations and diuretics (LCDZ group). Among these groups, the effects of the administrated drugs on blood zinc levels and urinary zinc excretion were analyzed. RESULTS Blood zinc levels were significantly lower in the LCD group (47.8 ± 10.5 μg/dL) than in the other groups (LC: 68.8 ± 17.1 μg/dL, P = 0.0056, post-hoc test; LCZ: 78.4 ± 18.1, P < 0.0001; LCDZ: 70.3 ± 21.4, P = 0.0008). The creatinine-adjusted urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the LCDZ group (548.1 ± 407.6 μg/mg creatinine) than in the other groups (LC, 58.5 ± 43.7; LCZ, 208.1 ± 227.8; LCD, 105.2 ± 154.4; each P < 0.0001). The fraction of urinary zinc excretion was also significantly higher in the LCDZ group (5.6 ± 2.9%) than in the other groups (LC, 0.6 ± 0.5; LCD, 1.7 ± 1.5; LCZ, 1.6 ± 1.2; each P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In patients with liver cirrhosis, treatment with diuretics can increase zinc excretion by suppressing the reabsorption of zinc through renal tubules, which might lead to zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chiba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Koseinenkin Hospital
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Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Nejdl L, Gumulec J, Zitka O, Masarik M, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Adam V, Kizek R. The role of metallothionein in oxidative stress. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6044-66. [PMID: 23502468 PMCID: PMC3634463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free radicals are also known to play a dual role in biological systems, as they can be either beneficial or harmful for living systems. It is clear that there are numerous mechanisms participating on the protection of a cell against free radicals. In this review, our attention is paid to metallothioneins (MTs) as small, cysteine-rich and heavy metal-binding proteins, which participate in an array of protective stress responses. The mechanism of the reaction of metallothioneins with oxidants and electrophilic compounds is discussed. Numerous reports indicate that MT protects cells from exposure to oxidants and electrophiles, which react readily with sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, MT plays a key role in regulation of zinc levels and distribution in the intracellular space. The connections between zinc, MT and cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (B.R.-N.); (L.N.); (J.G.); (O.Z.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
After iron, zinc is the most abundant essential trace metal. Intracellular zinc ([Zn]i) is maintained across a wide range of cells and species in a tight quota (100 to 500 μM) by a dynamic process of transport, intracellular vesicular storage, and binding to a large number of proteins (estimated at 3-10% of human proteome). As such, zinc is an integral component of numerous metalloenzymes, structural proteins, and transcription factors. It is generally assumed that a vanishingly small component of [Zn]i, referred to as free or labile zinc, and operationally defined as the pool sensitive to chelation (by agents such as N, N, N’, N’-tetrakis [2-pyridylmethyl] ethylenediamine [TPEN]) and capable of detection by a variety of chemical and genetic sensors, participates in signal transduction pathways. Zinc deficiencies, per se, can arise from acquired (malnutrition, alcoholism) or genetic (mutations in molecules affecting zinc homeostasis, the informative and first example being acrodermatitis enteropathica) factors or as a component of various diseases (e.g., sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, sepsis). Hypozincemia has profound effects on developing humans, and all facets of physiological function (neuronal, endocrine, immunological) are affected, although considerably less is known regarding cardiovascular pathophysiology. In this review, we provide an update on current knowledge of molecular and cellular aspects of zinc homeostasis and then focus on implications of zinc signaling in pulmonary endothelium as it relates to programmed cell death, altered contractility, and septic and aseptic injury to this segment of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidasan Thambiayya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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