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Ajduković M, Ivanović A. Developmental histology of the liver in the Balkan crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi (Caudata: Salamandridae). ZOOLOGY 2024; 167:126220. [PMID: 39378638 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The liver, a crucial organ for metabolic processes, has a generally uniform histological structure across amphibian taxa. However, ontogenetic changes, particularly those related to biphasic life cycle and metamorphosis, are less documented. Here, we explored and described the liver histology of an emerging model organism, the Balkan crested newt (Triturus ivanbureschi) at three ontogenetic stages: larval, juvenile (just after metamorphosis) and adult. At the larval stage, the liver is characterized by hepatocytes containing large lipid droplets, poorly developed basement membranes in the blood vessels, and a lack of melanin-rich macrophage centers. Juveniles show transitional characteristics between larvae and adults. Lipid droplets in hepatocytes are abundant, but also, at the juvenile stage the well-developed basement membrane of blood vessels and melanomacrophages are present, as in adults. The presence of lipid droplets in hepatocytes during larval and juvenile stages suggests the liver's role in fat storage and energy provision during development and growth. Melanomacrophages, which synthesize melanin, perform phagocytosis, and neutralize free radicals, have been found in juveniles (after metamorphosis) and increase with age. The biphasic life cycle and liver histology transition in Triturus newts provide an insight in changes in liver histology and make them a suitable model for studying fat deposition regulation and the evolution of the immune system in terrestrial vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ajduković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Ivanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Walsh HL, Smith GD, Schall MK, Gordon SE, Blazer VS. Temporal analysis of water chemistry and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) health at two sites with divergent land use in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:922. [PMID: 39259319 PMCID: PMC11390901 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring wild fish health and exposure effects in impacted rivers and streams with differing land use has become a valuable research tool. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) are a sensitive, indicator species that exhibit signs of immunosuppression and endocrine disruption in response to water quality changes and contaminant exposure. To determine the impact of agriculture and development on smallmouth bass health, two sites (a developed/agriculture site and a forested site) in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania were selected where bass and water chemistry were sampled from 2015 to 2019. Smallmouth bass were sampled for histopathology to assess parasite and macrophage aggregate density in the liver and spleen, condition factor (Ktl), hepatic gene transcript abundance, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and a health assessment index (HAI). Land use at the developed/agriculture site included greater pesticide application rates and phytoestrogen crop cover and more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides, wastewater-associated contaminants, hormones, phytoestrogens, and mycotoxins than at the forested site. Additionally, at the developed/agriculture site, indicators of molecular changes, including oxidative stress, immune/inflammation, and lipid metabolism-related hepatic gene transcripts, were associated with more contaminants and land use variables. At both sites, there were multiple associations of contaminants with liver and/or spleen macrophage aggregate density, indicating that changes at the molecular level seemed to be a better indicator of exposures unique to each site. The findings illustrate the importance of timing for land management practices, the complex mixtures aquatic animals are exposed to, and the temporal changes in contaminant concentration. Agricultural practices that affect hepatic gene transcripts associated with immune function and disease resistance were demonstrated which could negatively affect smallmouth bass populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Walsh
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Geoffrey D Smith
- Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Division of Fisheries Management, 595 E. Rolling Ridge Drive, Bellefonte, PA, 16823, USA
| | - Megan K Schall
- Biological Services, Pennsylvania State University-Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA, 18202, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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3
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Widdicombe M, Coff L, Nowak BF, Ramsland PA, Bott NJ. Understanding the host response of farmed fish to blood flukes (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) for developing new treatment strategies. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109613. [PMID: 38710341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Aporocotylids (Trematoda: Digenea), also known as fish blood flukes infect the circulatory system of fish leading to serious health problems and mortality. Aporocotylids are a particular concern for farmed fish as infection intensity can increase within the farming environment and lead to mortalities. In the context of managing these infections, one of the most crucial aspects to consider is the host response of the infected fish against these blood flukes. Understanding the response is essential to improving current treatment strategies that are largely based on the use of anthelmintic praziquantel to manage infections in aquaculture. This review focuses on the current knowledge of farmed fish host responses against the different life stages of aporocotylids. New treatment strategies that are able to provide protection against reinfections should be a long-term goal and is not possible without understanding the fish response to infection and the interactions between host and parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Widdicombe
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coff
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, East Geelong, Victoria, 3219, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004. Australia; Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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4
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Higueruelo A, Constenla M, Padrós F, Sánchez-Marín P, Carrassón M, Soler-Membrives A, Dallarés S. Coping with current impacts: The case of Scyliorhinus canicula in the NW Mediterranean Sea and implications for human consumption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116200. [PMID: 38430679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) is a bottom-dwelling elasmobranch that represents the most discarded catch in terms of biomass in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean). Potential impacts affecting its population and food safety implications have been assessed in three localities along the Catalan coast. Distinct indicators were integrated, such as biological data, ingested anthropogenic items (plastic and cellulose-like items), parasitological indices, trace metal concentrations and histopathology using liver as target organ. Although high ingestion rates of fibres and levels of some heavy metals, they do not seem negatively affected by any major pathology nor by the current levels of pollutants. Small-scale differences among localities and depths were found and discussed. No zoonotic parasites were found. Encysted larvae of Grillotia adenoplusia and, above all, the levels of Hg found in the musculature, that are well over the European Commission limits, rise concerns regarding human consumption of S. canicula in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Higueruelo
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Marín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro, s/n, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Dallarés
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Zapata AG. The fish spleen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109280. [PMID: 38086514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we review the structure and function of fish spleen with special emphasis on its condition in Elasmobranchs, Teleosts and Lungfish. Apart from the amount of splenic lymphoid tissue, the histological organization of the organ ensures the existence of areas involved in antigen trapping, the ellipsoids, and exhibit numerous melano-macrophages which appear isolated or forming the so-called melano-macrophage centres. An extensive discussion on the functional significance of these centres conclude that they are mere accumulations of macrophages consequence of tissue homeostasis rather than primitive germinal centres, as proposed by some authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Banday UZ, Nazir A, Fatima M, Swaleh SB, Al-Asadi M, Usmani N. Heavy metal-induced genotoxic, physiological, and biochemical responses in Schizothorax esocinus (Heckel 1838) inhabiting the Dal Lake, India, and phytoremediation by indwelling plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65688-65701. [PMID: 37086321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have an immense impact on aquatic ecosystems, and their toxic effects are transferred to the inhabiting organisms. Experiments were conducted to investigate the health of snow trout Schizothorax esocinus inhabiting Dal Lake. Heavy metals (Cd > Ni > Cu > Cr) were found to accumulate in the major immune organs of the fish (head kidney, liver, spleen, thymus) which led to change in the overall physiology. The head kidney, liver, and spleen of a fish contain high amount of these metals. The least accumulation of these metals was found in the blood, whereas Cd and Ni were completely absent in the integument. Hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were normal, while the renal marker enzyme creatine kinase showed marked difference in its value. The cortisol level was normal, while immunoglobulin M showed elevated level representing active immunity. At a cellular level, the histopathology of immune organs showed marked damage. Metallothionein (MT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) genes showed variable expression pattern in the immune organs with the head kidney showing the highest expression of both the genes, and blood showed the least. We observed that the aquatic plants (Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa natans) inhabiting the lake played an important role in phytoremediation. An integrated approach involving biochemical, hematological, genotoxic, and histopathological studies can provide a valuable information to understand fish adaptive patterns and monitor water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarah Zahoor Banday
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Aafaq Nazir
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Muizzah Fatima
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sadiya Binte Swaleh
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Moneeb Al-Asadi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nazura Usmani
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Blazer VS, Walsh HL, Sperry AJ, Raines B, Willacker JJ, Eagles-Smith CA. A multi-level assessment of biological effects associated with mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121688. [PMID: 37088253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) was measured in muscle (fillet) and liver tissue of adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu collected at multiple sites in the Potomac and Susquehanna River drainages within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Smallmouth bass in these drainages have experienced episodic mortality events, a high prevalence of skin lesions and reproductive endocrine disruption (intersex or testicular oocytes and plasma vitellogenin in males). A multi-level assessment of general and reproductive health including indicators at the organismal, organ, cellular and molecular levels was conducted on adult smallmouth bass during the spring (prespawn) season. Concentrations of THg were correlated with increased visible abnormalities, increased macrophage aggregates and tissue parasite burdens. In male bass positive correlations of THg were observed with plasma vitellogenin and hepatic transcript abundance of estrogen receptor β1 and androgen receptor α, while there was a negative association with estrogen receptors α and β2 and androgen receptors β. In female bass there was a negative correlation between THg and plasma vitellogenin as well as hepatic transcript abundance of vitellogenin, choriogenin, estrogen receptor β2 and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Associations of THg concentrations with various biological indicators suggest mercury may be an important environmental stressor contributing to the observed adverse effects in smallmouth bass populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Adam J Sperry
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Brenna Raines
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - James J Willacker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Gandahi NS, Gandahi JA, Yang S, Liang C, Ding B, Yang P, Chen Q. Ultrastructural evidence of four types of lipofuscins in the melanomacrophagic centers in hepatocytes of zebrafish (Denio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108480. [PMID: 36513323 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanomacrophagic centers (MMCs) were studied in the hepatocytes of zebrafish using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The MMCs with irregular or amoeboid nucleus were located in the hepatocytes adjacent to the bile canaliculi. Several engulfed structures were present in the cytoplasm of MMCs. The most frequent observation was the presence of mitochondria, ranging in size from small to giant, with distorted shape and inconspicuous cristae. Occasionally the fragments of erythrocytes were found. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) showed whirling around the mitochondria and lipid droplets, forming membrane-like structures. The damaged mitochondria were invaded by the lysosomes, and this was covered by a membrane led to the formation of lipofuscin. Four different types of lipofuscins were observed; namely, (1) granular with/without vacuoles of high electron-density, (2) homogenous surrounded by indistinct limiting membrane, (3) lamellated structures similar to inner matrix and cristae of mitochondria, and, (4) compound structure made by the combinations of first 3 types, (granular and homogenous, granular and lamellated, homogenous and lamellated). The present evidence suggests that MMCs in the hepatocytes of zebrafish perform continuous functions of removal of the damaged cellular organelles. The lipofuscin formation work in coordination with the cellular players of immune system and remove pathogens and maintain the internal homeostasis of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Samad Gandahi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jameel Ahmed Gandahi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan.
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Botao Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Conde G, Aracati MF, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira SL, da Costa CC, Charlie-Silva I, Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Belo MADA. Device implant based on poly (lactic acid) with vitamin E for vaccine delivery system in Tilapia: Study for biocompatibility and biodegradation. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Gashkina NA, Moiseenko TI, Shuman LA, Koroleva IM. Biological responses of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) to reduced toxic impact: Metal accumulation, haematological, immunological, and histopathological alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113659. [PMID: 35605328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of the main pollutants in the organs of whitefish, as well as their haematological parameters, were examined dynamically over a 40-year period in historically contaminated Lake Imandra. A quantitative histological analysis was performed to assess the physiological state of whitefish and histopathologies of organs, as well as their physiological and biochemical functions in the current period of toxic load decline. Biological reactions of whitefish from the historically contaminated area have been greatly modified in contrast to those of whitefish from the never contaminated area of the lake, and this shift persisted even after approximately 20 years of toxic load decline. First, high antioxidant status supports the body's systems, smoothing over the negative consequences of metal toxicity, phagocytosis and inflammatory reactions. Moreover, the defence mechanism of whitefish from the historically contaminated area actively uses the oxidative systems of nonspecific immunity. Second, the adaptive strategy is aimed at improving gas exchange without compensatory proliferation of gill structure, which increases their functional surface and reduces the distance to the bloodstream, as well as increasing haemoglobin in maturing erythrocytes. Third, the higher efficiency of endo- and phagocytosis was confirmed by detecting increased monocytes and macrophages in the peripheral blood and decreased melano-macrophage centres in the fish kidney. Elevated accumulation of Fe, Cu, and Se may serve a sign of liver pathology, while elevated accumulation of Zn and Co already indicates kidney pathology, which is confirmed by histopathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Gashkina
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin St., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Tatyana I Moiseenko
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin St., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Leonid A Shuman
- Tyumen State University, Lenina Street 25, 625003 Tumen, Russia.
| | - Irina M Koroleva
- Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of North, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersmana St. 14a, 184200 Apatity, Russia.
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Sayed RKA, Zaccone G, Capillo G, Albano M, Mokhtar DM. Structural and Functional Aspects of the Spleen in Molly Fish Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes, 1846): Synergistic Interactions of Stem Cells, Neurons, and Immune Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050779. [PMID: 35625510 PMCID: PMC9138448 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In fish, the spleen is the prime secondary lymphoid organ. It has a role in the induction of adaptive immune responses, in addition to its significance in the elimination of immune complexes. This study was conducted on 18 randomly obtained adult molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) of both sexes using histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies to highlight the cellular components of the spleen and their potential role in the immune system. The spleen of molly fish was characterized by the presence of well-distinct melanomacrophage centers, and other basic structures present in higher vertebrates including red and white pulps, blood vessels, and ellipsoids. Some mitotic cells could also be identified in the red pulp. Mast cells with characteristic metachromatic granules could be seen among the splenic cells. Rodlet cells were randomly distributed in the spleen and were also observed around the ellipsoids. The white pulp of the spleen expressed APG5. The expressions were well distinct in the melanomacrophages, leukocytes, and macrophages. Myostatin was expressed in leukocytes and epithelial reticular cells. IL-1β showed immunoreactivity in monocytes and macrophages around the ellipsoids. NF-κB and TGF-β were expressed in macrophages and epithelial reticular cells. Nrf2 expression was detected in stem cells and rodlet cells. Sox-9 had a higher expression in epithelial reticular cells and stem cells. The high frequency of immune cells in the spleen confirmed its role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.C.)
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.Z.); (G.C.)
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-38-8119-3816
| | - Doaa M. Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
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12
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Zhang H, Qi H, Weng S, He J, Dong C. Deleting ORF71L of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) resulted in virulence attenuation in Mandarin fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:335-347. [PMID: 35217194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, infects a variety of teleost fish species and causes substantial losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. ISKNV ORF71L is 1611 bp in length, encodes a 537-amino-acid peptide and was previously identified as a viral structural protein in the ISKNV virion. In this study, the ORF71L deletion mutant virus strain ISKNV-Δ71 was obtained through a homologous recombination approach. The multistep growth curves showed that ISKNV-Δ71 replication was faster than ISKNV-WT replication in mandarin fish fry cells (MFF-1 cells) before 48 h post-infection (hpi). The cumulative mortality of ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) was lower than that of fish infected with ISKNV-WT. The copy numbers of viral genome equivalents (GEs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens were also lower than those in ISKNV-WT-infected spleens. Deletion of ORF71L resulted in ISKNV virulence attenuation in mandarin fish. Furthermore, we found that the number of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in ISKNV-Δ71-infected mandarin fish spleens was higher than that in ISKNV-WT-infected mandarin fish spleens. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway had the most significant change between ISKNV-Δ71- and ISKNV-WT-infected MFF-1 cells. These results indicated ORF71L is a virulence-related gene of ISKNV. ORF71L could be considered as a potential target for the development of engineered attenuated live vaccines via multigene deletion or as a potential insertion site for exogenous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hemei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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13
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Carreras-Colom E, Constenla M, Dallarés S, Carrassón M. Natural variability and potential use of melanomacrophage centres as indicators of pollution in fish species from the NW Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113441. [PMID: 35202883 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a baseline assessment of the prevalence and densities of splenic melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) in 18 fish species from the NW Mediterranean Sea related to spatiotemporal and environmental factors and fish traits. Their correlation with other established health indicators, such as body condition indices (condition factor, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic indices), parasite community descriptors and histological assessment of target organs (gills, liver and spleen) is also assessed. Despite MMCs variability is mainly attributed to the species identity and fish size, their potential use as generic biomarkers of health condition is pointed out for certain species (e.g. Spicara maena and Micromesistius poutassou) in which an increased response was identified, and whose potential drivers are discussed. Most importantly, present results provide a comprehensive assessment of MMCs in the fish community for future studies in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Carreras-Colom
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Dallarés
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Dyková I, Žák J, Blažek R, Reichard M, Součková K, Slabý O. Histology of major organ systems of Nothobranchius fishes: short-lived model species. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Dyková
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail:
| | - Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: , ,
| | - Radim Blažek
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail:
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail:
| | - Kamila Součková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: ,
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: ,
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15
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Imanse SM, Anchor CL, Anchor GC, Landolfi JA, Kinsel MJ, Levengood JM, Delaney MA, Terio KA. Pathologic impacts of contaminants in freshwater fish of Cook County IL. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106043. [PMID: 34902739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental toxicants in urban environments with negative impacts to fish health. The present study evaluated the potential association between muscle tissue contaminant (total Hg and total PCB) concentrations and indicators of health in benthic and predatory fish collected from four Forest Preserves of Cook County lakes in the Chicago metropolitan area. Common carp (carp; Cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (LMB; Micropterus salmoides) were sampled three times a year (spring, summer, fall) during 2019 and 2020. Water quality analyses (temperature, color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, pH, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, and pH) were performed concurrently with fish collections. Tissue (skin-on fillet) contaminant concentrations were compared between lake types and fish species and assessed for any relationship with fish morphometric data and pathologic lesions. Main health indicator endpoints included muscle lipid content, parasite burden, and pathologic lesions. Mean total PCB concentrations were greater in carp (203.1 ± 152 µg/kg, wet weight), and mean Hg concentrations were greater in LMB (0.11 ± 0.1 mg/kg, wet weight). In most fish, concentrations of both toxicants surpassed the EPA's lowest threshold to restrict fish consumption for sensitive cohorts (0.029 mg/kg for Hg and 1.5 µg/kg for PCBs). In both species, Hg positively correlated with splenic pigmented macrophage aggregate area (P < 0.001). In carp, Hg also positively correlated with hepatocellular pigmentation (P < 0.01). Mercury correlated with standard length in both species (LMB: P < 0.001, carp: P = 0.95), but polychlorinated biphenyls only correlated with standard length in carp (P < 0.001). No association was found between intraspecific contaminant concentrations and parasite burden, year, or lake type, though differences were noted among individual lakes. The contaminant burden appeared well-tolerated with only mild Hg-associated and no appreciable PCB-associated lesions. However, possible effects on reproduction or behavior were not fully assessed, and future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M Imanse
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
| | - Chris L Anchor
- Forest Preserve District of Cook County, 536 North Harlem Avenue, River Forest, IL 60305, USA.
| | - Gretchen C Anchor
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Landolfi
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Michael J Kinsel
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Levengood
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 6184, USA.
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
| | - Karen A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
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16
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de Lima CL, Morales-Gamba RD, Malcher Neto TS, Barcellos JFM, Heinzmann BM, Schmidt D, Baldisserotto B, Marcon JL. Eugenol and Lippia alba essential oils as effective anesthetics for the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:2101-2120. [PMID: 34807332 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential of eugenol and the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in providing suitable anesthetic induction and recovery times, and their consequent effects on the blood and respiratory physiology, as well as the gill architecture of an Amazonian freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon wallacei, shortly after reaching the recovery and 48 h later. Juveniles of P. wallacei were exposed to increasing concentrations of eugenol (75, 100, 125, and 150 µL L-1) and EOLA (150, 175, 200, and 225 µL L-1) in an immersion bath. Anesthetic induction was found to be faster with the use of eugenol compared to EOLA. On the other hand, the stingrays anesthetized with eugenol displayed a longer recovery time than those exposed to EOLA. The highest concentrations of eugenol caused moderate to severe histological changes in the gills. No significant changes were found for hematocrit and plasma energy metabolites in the stingrays anesthetized with all concentrations of both eugenol and EOLA shortly after reaching the recovery from the ansthesia, when compared to those recovered after 48 h. Investigations regarding the potential use of these natural anesthetics are unprecedented for freshwater stingray species, and 200 μL L-1 EOLA is recommended as the most suitable anesthetic for use in juveniles of P. wallacei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Lopes de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Nilton Lins, Av. Prof. Nilton Lins, 3259, 69058-030, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - IFAM, Campus Manaus Zona Leste- CMZL, Av. Cosme Ferreira, 8045, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. Rodrigo Octavio 1200, 6200, 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Thiago Santana Malcher Neto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - IFAM, Campus Manaus Zona Leste- CMZL, Av. Cosme Ferreira, 8045, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - José Fernando Marques Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM). Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio, 6200 Coroado I. 69080-900, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Denise Schmidt
- Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Frederico Westphalen, Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Jaydione Luiz Marcon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Nilton Lins, Av. Prof. Nilton Lins, 3259, 69058-030, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Av. Gen. Rodrigo Octávio, 6200. Coroado I. 69080-900. Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
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17
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de Gregorio LS, Franco-Belussi L, Goldberg J, De Oliveira C. Nonylphenol and cyproterone acetate effects in the liver and gonads of Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura) tadpoles and juveniles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62593-62604. [PMID: 34196865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution plays an important role in amphibian population decline. Contamination with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is particularly worrying due to their capacity to adversely affect organisms at low doses. We hypothesized that exposure to EDCs such as 4-nonylphenol (NP) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) could trigger responses in the liver and gonads, due to toxic and endocrine disrupting effects. Growth rate may also be impaired by contamination. We investigated sublethal effects of a 28-day exposure to three different concentrations of NP and CPA on liver pigmentation, gonadal morphology, body mass, and length of tadpoles and juveniles Lithobates catesbeianus. Liver pigmentation and the gonadal morphologies of treated tadpoles did not differ from control, but growth rate was impaired by both pollutants. Juveniles treated with 10 μg/L NP and 0.025 and 0.25 ng/L CPA displayed increased liver melanin pigmentation, but gonadal morphologies, sex ratios, and body mass were not affected after treatments. The increase in liver pigmentation may be related to defensive, cytoprotective role of melanomacrophages. The decreased growth rate in tadpoles indicates toxic effects of NP and CPA. Thus, contamination with NP and CPA remains a concern and sublethal effects of different dosages of the compounds on native species should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Salgueiro de Gregorio
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology (LAPEx), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Institute of Biosciences (INBIO), CEP 79002-970, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Javier Goldberg
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Vélez Sársfield 299, CP X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Fanali LZ, De Oliveira C, Sturve J. Enzymatic, morphological, and genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53926-53935. [PMID: 34036510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish have defense systems that are capable of repairing damages caused by xenobiotics like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), so the aims of this study were to identify BaP toxicity in melanomacrophages (MMs) cytoskeleton, evaluate the melanin area in MMs, and analyze genotoxicity. Rainbow trout juveniles (n = 24) were split in 48h and 7d treatments that received 2 mg/kg of BaP. After the experiment, blood samples were collected and liver was removed, to proceed with the analysis: EROD activity, MMs melanin area quantification, melanosomes movements, and a genotoxicity test. The results revealed increased in EROD activity after 48-h and 7-day BaP exposure. The group 7d displayed a reduction in MMs pigmented area, melanosomes aggregation, in addition to an increased frequency of micronucleus. By means of the EROD assay, it was possible to confirm the activation of BaP biotransformation system. The impairment of the melanosomes' movements possibly by an inactivation of the protein responsible for the pigment dispersion consequently affects the melanin area and thus might negatively impact the MMs detoxification capacity. In addition to this cytotoxicity, the increased frequency of micronucleus might also indicate the genotoxicity of BaP in this important fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Zácari Fanali
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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19
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Dyková I, Žák J, Reichard M, Součková K, Slabý O, Bystrý V, Blažek R. Histopathology of laboratory-reared Nothobranchius fishes: Mycobacterial infections versus neoplastic lesions. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1179-1190. [PMID: 33844322 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-lived killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 (Cyprinodontiformes) are considered promising model organisms for biomedical research on ageing and tumorigenesis. We conducted histopathological analysis of 411 adult individuals from three Nothobranchius species to study details on spontaneous age-related neoplastic lesions. Light microscopy based on H&E and toluidine blue-stained sections revealed (a) non-proliferative liver changes with pronounced vacuolation of hepatocytes; (b) proliferation of kidney haemopoietic tissue contributing to excretory system damage; (c) proliferation of splenic mononuclear haemoblasts accompanied by reduced erythropoiesis; (d) proliferation of mononuclear cell aggregates in the liver parenchyma; and (e) rare occurrence of hepatocellular adenomas. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining revealed that the proliferative lesions are a host defence response to mycobacterial infections manifested by activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system and atypical granulomatous inflammatory reaction. 16S rRNA analysis identified three species of Mycobacterium in our samples. Our findings turn attention to lesions which mimic neoplasms by their gross appearance and question the light microscopic interpretation of lesions unless differential ZN staining is included. Beyond the limitations of our morphological approach, the intensity of mycobacterial infections is a challenging opportunity for research into the molecular-genetic background of the mononuclear phagocytic system reaction in Nothobranchius killifish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Součková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Malinowski CR, Stacy NI, Coleman FC, Cusick JA, Dugan CM, Koenig CC, Ragbeer NK, Perrault JR. Mercury offloading in gametes and potential adverse effects of high mercury concentrations in blood and tissues of Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara in the southeastern United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146437. [PMID: 33744588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous and non-essential heavy metal that is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Few studies examine Hg and its effects on wild fish populations. Here, we investigated the potential effects of Hg exposure on a large and long-lived marine species of conservation concern, the vulnerable Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara. Our objectives were (1) to measure Hg (methyl-Hg; and total Hg = combined methyl-Hg and inorganic-Hg) concentrations in whole blood (WB) and gametes (eggs and sperm); (2) to investigate the relationships between Hg concentrations in muscle and liver with WB and gametes; (3) to investigate the relationships between Hg concentrations in liver, muscle, and WB with hematological and plasma biochemical analytes; and (4) to investigate the relationship between liver Hg and pigmented macrophage aggregates in liver tissue sections. We found several lines of evidence for potential adverse effects on Goliath Grouper health and reproduction by high Hg concentrations in liver, muscle, WB, and gametes, including (1) Hg concentrations in all tissues and gametes were well above observable ranges of marine and freshwater fishes from experimental exposure studies; (2) gamete Hg concentrations were among the highest recorded in wild fishes, with seasonal patterns suggesting females offload significant amounts of Hg into their eggs during the spawning season; (3) Methyl-Hg was highest in muscle, followed by sperm, liver, eggs, and WB; (4) there were significant correlations between liver, muscle, and WB Hg concentrations with various blood analytes; (5) vitellogenin positively correlated with female liver methyl-Hg concentrations, and was abnormally high in males, suggesting direct endocrine effects; and (6) liver total Hg positively correlated with pigmented macrophage aggregate count and percent area. This work will help guide future research examining the potential adverse effects of Hg and its role as an additional stressor on wild fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Malinowski
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA.
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Felicia C Coleman
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
| | - Jessica A Cusick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Carle M Dugan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Christopher C Koenig
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
| | - Natassjia K Ragbeer
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Justin R Perrault
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 U.S. Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA
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21
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Muthupandian A, Waly D, Magor BG. Do ectothermic vertebrates have a home in which to affinity mature their antibody responses? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104021. [PMID: 33482240 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a longstanding question of whether affinity maturation occurs in ectotherms, and if it does, where in tissues this happens. Although cold-blooded vertebrates (ectotherms) lack histologically discernible germinal centers, they have a fully functional Ig gene mutator enzyme (activation-induced cytidine deaminase: AID or Aicda). Protein and Ig cDNA transcript analyses provide evidence that ectotherms can, under certain conditions, demonstrate antibody affinity maturation, and somatic hypermutation of their Ig genes during secondary immune responses. Here, we review the evidence for antibody affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation of Ig V(D)J exons. We argue that past evidence of long-term intact antigen retention, and recent studies of in situ expression of AID transcripts, point to fish melanomacrophage clusters as sites functionally analogous to a germinal center. Recent work in zebrafish provides a way forward to test these predictions through V(D)J repertoire analyses on isolated, intact melanomacrophage clusters. This work has implications not only for vaccine use in aquaculture, but also for antibody affinity maturation processes in all ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muthupandian
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada
| | - D Waly
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada
| | - B G Magor
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G-2E5, Canada.
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22
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de Sales-Ribeiro C, Rivero MA, Fernández A, García-Álvarez N, González JF, Quesada-Canales O, Caballero MJ. A Study on the Pathological Effects of Trypanorhyncha Cestodes in Dusky Groupers Epinephelus marginatus from the Canary Islands. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051471. [PMID: 34065543 PMCID: PMC8160728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Trypanorhyncha are common parasites of marine fish. Despite numerous studies detailing their biology, knowledge on the effects caused by these parasites in fish tissues is still limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species, necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we have assessed the prevalence of Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands and the associated pathological changes. Of the 28 fish examined, 27 presented trypanorhynch larvae. Macroscopically, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled cysts and nodules embedded in abundant fibrosis, hindering the separation of the organs. Microscopically, in the peritoneum, stomach and intestine, there were numerous degenerated parasitic cysts and extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue with minimal inflammatory responses. This study shows that Trypanorhyncha are common parasites of adult dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. Even though the immune system appears to isolate and eliminate the parasites, extensive fibrosis may have a detrimental impact on fish health when adjacent organs are compressed and their functions impaired. Abstract Trypanorhyncha are cestodes commonly infecting marine fish. Numerous studies have detailed the biology of Trypanorhyncha species, but information on the pathological changes produced by these parasites is limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pathological changes produced by Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. The prevalence of trypanorhynch plerocerci was 96%. Grossly, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled cysts and nodules. These were embedded in abundant fibrosis, producing visceral adhesions. Histologically, affecting the peritoneum, stomach, and intestine there were numerous degenerated encysted plerocerci and extensive deposition of mature connective tissue. These findings indicate that Trypanorhyncha is highly prevalent in adult dusky groupers from the Canary Islands, producing a progressive and chronic response. Furthermore, fish immune system appears to attempt to eliminate the parasites through fibrous encapsulation. Nonetheless, extensive fibrosis may have a detrimental impact on fish health when adjacent cells or tissues are compressed and their functions impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Sales-Ribeiro
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Rivero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Ichthiopathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Jorge Francisco González
- Division of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Oscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
| | - María José Caballero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.d.S.-R.); (A.F.); (O.Q.-C.); (M.J.C.)
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23
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Survival of metazoan parasites in fish: Putting into context the protective immune responses of teleost fish. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2021; 112:77-132. [PMID: 34024360 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defence mechanisms of fish can be divided into specific and non-specific that act in concert and are often interdependent. Most fish in both wild and cultured populations are vulnerable to metazoan parasites. Endoparasitic helminths include several species of digeneans, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans. Although they may occur in large numbers, helminth infections rarely result in fish mortality. Conversely, some ectoparasites cause mass mortality in farmed fish. Given the importance of fish innate immunity, this review addresses non-specific defence mechanisms of fish against metazoan parasites, with emphasis on granulocyte responses involving mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, rodlet cells, and mucous cells. Metazoan parasites are important disease agents that affect wild and farmed fish and can induce high economic loss and, as pathogen organisms, deserve considerable attention. The paper will provide our light and transmission electron microscopy data on metazoan parasites-fish innate immune and neuroendocrine systems. Insights about the structure and functions of the cell types listed above and a brief account of the effects and harms of each metazoan taxon to specific fish apparati/organs will be presented.
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24
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Pulster EL, Fogelson S, Carr BE, Mrowicki J, Murawski SA. Hepatobiliary PAHs and prevalence of pathological changes in Red Snapper. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105714. [PMID: 33310674 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) from 2011 to 2017 and analyzed for biliary (n = 496) fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), hepatic (n = 297) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microscopic hepatobiliary changes (MHC, n = 152). Gross and histological evaluations were conducted with liver tissues to identify and characterize pathological changes. This is the first report to interrelate hepatobiliary PAH concentrations and MHCs in Red Snapper. Hepatic PAHs measured in GoM Red Snapper ranged from 192 to 8530 ng g-1 w.w. and biliary FACs ranged from 480 to 1,100,000 ng FAC g-1 bile. Biliary FACs in Red Snapper collected along the west Florida Shelf and north central region declined after 2011 and were relatively stable until a sharp increase was noted in 2017. Increases in the PAH exposures are likely due to a number of sources including leaking infrastructure, annual spills, riverine input and the resuspension of contaminated sediments. In contrast, hepatic PAH concentrations were relatively stable indicating Red Snapper are able to maintain metabolic clearance however this energetic cost may be manifesting as microscopic hepatic changes (MHCs). Virtually all (99 %) of the evaluated Red Snapper had one to nine MHCs with an average of five coinciding changes in an individual fish. The observed changes were broadly classified as inflammatory responses, metabolic responses, degenerative lesions, nonneoplastic proliferation and neoplastic lesions. Biliary FACs were associated with parasitic infection and intracellular breakdown product accumulation such as intra-macrophage hemosiderin, lipofuscin and ceroid laden prevalence. Whereas, hepatic PAHs were associated with increased myxozoan plasmodia prevalence. This study evaluates relationships between hepatobiliary PAH concentrations and biometrics, somatic indices, condition factors and microscopic hepatic changes in Red Snapper located in the north central GoM. Together, these results may be signaling increased disease progression in Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper more than likely resulting from chronic environmental stressors including elevated PAH exposures and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Pulster
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
| | | | - Brigid E Carr
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Justin Mrowicki
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Steven A Murawski
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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25
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Niemikoski H, Straumer K, Ahvo A, Turja R, Brenner M, Rautanen T, Lang T, Lehtonen KK, Vanninen P. Detection of chemical warfare agent related phenylarsenic compounds and multibiomarker responses in cod (Gadus morhua) from munition dumpsites. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105160. [PMID: 33011584 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sea-dumped chemical weapons (CWs) containing toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have raised international attention. It is well known that CWAs are leaking from corroded munitions causing a risk to the surrounding marine environment, while the impact on marine biota is still unknown. In this study, cod (Gadus morhua) was used as a model species to study the possible bioaccumulation of phenylarsenic CWAs and their negative effects at multiple levels of biological organization on fish living in the vicinity of a major CWs dumpsite in the Bornholm Basin in the Baltic Sea. In total, 14% of the cod muscle samples collected close to the main dumpsite contained trace levels of phenylarsenic CWAs. However, most of the biomarkers measured did not show clear differences between this area compared with a lesser contaminated reference area. On the other hand, significant changes in some biomarkers were observed in individuals containing trace levels of CWA-related chemicals. The results gained in this study have significant importance for environmental risk assessment and for evaluating the risk of CWA contamination for human seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niemikoski
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Laboratory Centre, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katharina Straumer
- Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Aino Ahvo
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Turja
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Brenner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Tomi Rautanen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute for Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Widdicombe M, Power C, Van Gelderen R, Nowak BF, Bott NJ. Relationship between Southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, melanomacrophage centres and Cardicola spp. (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:859-865. [PMID: 32898655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT), Thunnus maccoyii, is ranched off Port Lincoln, South Australia and is Australia's second largest economic finfish aquaculture industry. The biggest threats to SBT health identified by the industry are the blood flukes Cardicola forsteri and C. orientalis (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae). Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are aggregations of pigmented macrophage like cells present in spleen, kidney and liver of teleost fish. The aim of this study was to quantify MMCs in SBT anterior kidney, liver and spleen to investigate changes in relation to Cardicola spp. Infection. Samples were collected at the end of ranching from pontoons where SBT were treated with PZQ and pontoons with untreated SBT. SBT MMC percentage of surface area cover was highest in SBT spleen and lowest in the liver. Significant positive correlations were identified between SBT MMC area and SBT size in all three organs (p < 0.05). MMC area and parasite infection showed significant positive correlations in the kidney and spleen for Cardicola spp. gill egg counts, and in the kidney for C. forsteri DNA from SBT hearts and gills (p < 0.05). MMCs area increased with increased intensity of Cardicola spp. Infection and MMCs have the potential to be used as an indicator to assess health effects that Cardicola spp. have on SBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Widdicombe
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cecilia Power
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Van Gelderen
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bott
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Komoike Y, Nomura-Komoike K, Matsuoka M. Intake of acrylamide at the dietary relevant concentration causes splenic toxicity in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109977. [PMID: 32980030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) has recently been recognized as an immediate hazardous chemical compound owing to its various toxicities and unavoidable contamination of certain daily foods prepared at a high temperature. AA in foods is thus a worldwide concern; however, its toxicity at the dietary relevant concentration has yet to be experimentally elucidated. To determine whether dietary AA intake causes adverse health effects, adult zebrafish were fed a diet containing AA at a relevant dose for one month. Although AA-fed zebrafish showed no superficial abnormalities, their spleen was severely swollen. Therefore, their spleen was analyzed histologically and pathologically and the changes in cytokine expression in their spleen were also examined. Based on our findings, the intake of AA-containing food caused splenic damages, including cyst formation, hemorrhage, and inflammation, which were accompanied by immune responses as indicated by the appearance of a melanomacrophage center, activation of macrophages, and upregulation of major inflammatory cytokines in the spleen. Collectively, for the first time, we provided experimental evidence of the splenic toxicity caused by dietary AA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Komoike
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kaori Nomura-Komoike
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masato Matsuoka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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28
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Mokhtar DM. WITHDRAWN: Structural, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cell composition of the head kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020:S1050-4648(20)30433-2. [PMID: 32619628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
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29
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Ferreira FC, Alves LGM, Jager GB, Franzini LD, Mesquita DO, Díaz-Delgado J, Catão-Dias JL, Braga ÉM. Molecular and pathological investigations of Plasmodium parasites infecting striped forest whiptail lizards (Kentropyx calcarata) in Brazil. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2631-2640. [PMID: 32556500 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Plasmodium (Plasmodiidae) ranks among the most widespread intracellular protozoan parasites affecting a wide range of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Little information is available about lizard malaria parasites in South America, and the pathological features of the resulting parasitoses remain unknown or poorly understood. To partially fill in these gaps, we conducted blood smear analysis, molecular detection, and phylogenetic and pathological investigations in lizards inhabiting an Atlantic Forest fragment in Paraiba, Brazil. From 104 striped forest whiptails (Kentropyx calcarata) screened for the presence of haemosporidian parasites, 67 (64.4%) were positive. Four of five Amazon lava lizards (Strobilurus torquatus) we collected from this same area were also positive. A total of 27 forest whiptails were infected with a new genetic lineage of Plasmodium kentropyxi and other Plasmodium lineages were also detected. Histopathological analysis in infected forest whiptails revealed systemic intraerythrocytic Plasmodium stages, mainly gametocytes, in the liver, lung, and heart. Also, the liver of infected lizards had mild to moderate levels of Kupffer cell and melanomacrophage hypertrophy/hyperplasia with sinusoid leukocytosis. Overall, our findings suggest that an endemic Plasmodium species causes histological alterations that are not related to major pathological processes in striped forest whiptails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C Ferreira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Luiz G M Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Jager
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lissa D Franzini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Daniel O Mesquita
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology (LAPCOM), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - José L Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology (LAPCOM), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika M Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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30
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Ivanova L, Rebok K, Jordanova M, Dragun Z, Kostov V, Ramani S, Valić D, Krasnići N, Filipović Marijić V, Kapetanović D. The effect of different pollutants exposure on the pigment content of pigmented macrophage aggregates in the spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman, 1928). Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1141-1152. [PMID: 32472963 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pigmented macrophage aggregates (MAs) are known to change under influence of various factors, such as aging, season, starvation, and/or pollution. In this study, changes in the pigment content of the MAs in the spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis, Karaman) (n = 129) collected in spring and autumn, from three rivers with different pollution impact was examined: Zletovska River (metals), Kriva River (metals and municipal wastewater), and Bregalnica River (municipal wastewater). Collected data revealed increased relative volume and number of MAs containing hemosiderin under the influence of metals, significant in autumn (p < .05). In chub exposed to metals combined with municipal wastewater, significant increase of lipochrome accumulation in MAs in autumn, melanin in MAs in fish captured in the spring season, and number of splenic MAs containing combination of melanin and lipochrome was noted. Volumes and number of MAs containing combination of hemosiderin and lipochrome increased in spleen of fish captured in autumn from both Zletovska River and Kriva River, most likely due to the contribution of hemosiderin and lipochrome, respectively. Values measured for the various pigments in splenic MAs in fish captured from Bregalnica River, were overall closer to the values measured for fish captured from Kriva River. Notably, melanin and lipochrome are more likely to be found in fish from waters influenced by municipal wastewater (organic pollution) and hemosiderin in fish spleen from water influenced by mining activity (heavy metals pollution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozenka Ivanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Maja Jordanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sheriban Ramani
- Hydrobiology and Ecology Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Hydrometeorological Administration, Division for Water, Air and Soil Quality Monitoring and Laboratory Analyses, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Damir Valić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Kapetanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Cheng K, Tang Q, Guo X, Karow NA, Wang C. High dose of dietary vitamin D 3 modulated the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) splenic innate immune response after Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:41-48. [PMID: 32142874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) has been shown to modulate the innate immune response in mammals but this has been rarely reported in fish. The current study found that increasing dietary VD3 content can reduce the density of yellow to dark brown pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMAs) in the spleens of yellow catfish infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri. The results of next-generation sequencing showed that a high dose of dietary VD3 (16,600 IU/kg) mainly affected the splenic immune response during Edwardsiella ictaluri infection via negative regulation of 'NF-κΒ transcription factor activity', 'NIK/NF-κΒ signaling' and the 'i-kappab kinase/NF-κΒ signaling' pathways. Follow-up qPCR showed that dietary VD3 increased the expression of NF-κΒ inhibitor iκb-α, decreased the expression of nf-κb p65, il-6, il1-β and tnf-α, and down-regulated the expression of nik, ikks and nf-κb p52 in the NIK/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The above results indicate that dietary VD3 can modulate the splenic innate immune response of yellow catfish after Edwardsiella ictaluri infection by inhibiting the NF-κB activation signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Xun Guo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Niel A Karow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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32
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Passantino L, Zupa R, Pousis C, Mylonas CC, Hala E, Jirillo E, Corriero A. Increased melanomacrophage centres in the liver of reproductively dysfunctional female greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:503-514. [PMID: 32103518 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The greater amberjack Seriola dumerili is a new aquaculture fish that may display reproductive dysfunctions. During extensive follicular atresia, which is a common reproductive dysfunction in females during vitellogenesis, part of the reabsorbed yolk returns to the liver to be metabolized and recycled. Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are aggregates of macrophage-like cells that play a role in the destruction, detoxification and recycling of endogenous and exogenous materials, and have been associated with systemic stress. Wild and captive-reared greater amberjack were sampled in the Mediterranean Sea during two different phases of the reproductive cycle. The liver of reproductively dysfunctional captive-reared females sampled during the spawning season showed a high density of both MMCs and apoptotic cells. A weak liver anti-cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A immunoreactivity was observed, suggesting that the examined fish were not exposed to environmental pollutants. We propose that the observed increase in MMCs and apoptosis in captive-reared fish was related to the hepatic overload associated to the metabolism of yolk proteins reabsorbed during extensive follicular atresia. Since follicular atresia is a frequent physiological and pathological event in teleosts, we suggest that the reproductive state should be always assessed when MMCs are used as markers of exposure to stress or pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Passantino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Chrysovalentinos Pousis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Edmond Hala
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
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Gandahi NS, Gandahi JA, Yang P, Tarique I, Vistro WA, Haseeb A, Huang Y, Yu L, Bai X, Chen Q. Ultrastructural Evidence of Melanomacrophagic Centers and Lipofuscin in the Liver of Zebrafish ( Denio rerio). Zebrafish 2020; 17:83-90. [PMID: 32125963 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanomacrophagic centers (MMCs) were studied in the liver of zebrafish using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The MMCs were located in the space of Disse (SD), and their pseudopodia protruded into the lumen of sinusoids. The degree of extension of body structure of MMCs in the SD was determined by the size of the phagocytosed content. An irregular or amoeboid nucleus was present. Vacuoles were occasionally present, both, in endothelium and MMCs. The cytoplasm of MMCs showed several engulfed structures. The most common structure was the presence of mitochondria of small to giant size and distorted shape with inconspicuous cristae. The product of mitochondrial degeneration accompanied by lysosomes contributed to the formation of lipofuscins. Besides, changes were also observed in rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), the Golgi complex, and lysosomes. Occasionally, small to large fragments of the erythrocytes were found in the cytoplasm of MMCs. The rER encompassed the mitochondria and lipid droplets forming a membrane-like structure. Golgi complex were dilated. Lysosomes fused with such membrane-bound structures contributed to the formation of the lipofuscin. The results provide evidence of the role of liver-resident MMCs of zebrafish in phagocytosis of damaged organelles, clearance of the worn-out erythrocytes, and lipofuscin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Samad Gandahi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jameel Ahmed Gandahi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Rey Vázquez G, Da Cuña RH, Dorelle LS, Lo Nostro FL. Immunohistological Biomarkers of Toxicity by a Pharmaceutical Antidepressant in the Freshwater Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Cichliformes). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:180-184. [PMID: 31894370 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) are nodular clusters of pigmented macrophages, implicated in homeostasis and destruction and recycling of endogenous and exogenous material. They can increase in size and/or frequency under environmental stress resulting in immunohistological biomarkers of water quality. Fluoxetine (FLX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant, can cause neuroendocrine, behavioral and reproductive alterations in teleost fish. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of a 2-week 50 µg/L FLX exposure on MMCs in histological sections of spleen and head-kidney (HK) of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. In the spleen, FLX caused an increase in the area and a decrease in the number of MMCs. An increase in the proportion of the HK occupied by MMCs was observed in FLX-exposed fish, due to an increase in their number but not their area. The deposition rate of MMCs varies according to the hemolymphopoietic organ and would be the result of a differential response to FLX on homeostatic functions (elimination of cellular debris, iron processing and immune response).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Rey Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Hernán Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Soledad Dorelle
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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35
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Manrique WG, Pereira Figueiredo MA, Charlie-Silva I, Antonio de Andrade Belo M, Dib CC. Spleen melanomacrophage centers response of Nile tilapia during Aeromanas hydrophila and Mycobacterium marinum infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:514-518. [PMID: 31682998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the pathophysiology of melanomcrophage centers (MMCs) formation during the tilapia defense response to bacterial infections, the present study evaluated the response, in terms of area, number and pigment constitution, of splenic MMCs of Oreochromis niloticus subjected to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Mycobacterium marinum. Eighty-four fish (396.9 ± 21.0 g) were randomly distributed into twelve plastic tanks (300 L), to constitute three treatments with 28 animals each: control group (inoculated with PBS); Infected with A. hydrophila (1 × 107 UFC mL-1); Infected with M. marinum (1 × 106 UFC mL-1). The spleen was collected in seven fish per treatment on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day post-infection (DPI). The results revealed the participation of MMCs in the defense response of tilapia during bacterial infection by A. hydrophila and M. marinum, since there was an increase in the number and size of these cell aggregates. Variation of pigment accumulation with significant increase of hemosiderin, in infected tilapias by A. hydrophila, bacteria responsible for causing hemolytic anemia in fish was also found. On the other hand, M. marinum-infected tilapia had high amount of melanin in MMCs. In general, mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat, being characterized as a chronic disease. These findings demonstrate different strategies of fish response during the evolution of these bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Gómez Manrique
- São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rolim de Moura Campus, Rondônia, Brazil.
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36
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Seleem AA. Induction of hyperpigmentation and heat shock protein 70 response to the toxicity of methomyl insecticide during the organ development of the Arabian toad, Bufo arabicus (Heyden,1827). J Histotechnol 2019; 42:104-115. [PMID: 31492089 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1619653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methomyl (MET) is a carbamate insecticide which is used as a substitute for organophosphorus compounds to protect crops against insects. The present study aims to evaluate the cytoprotection response of pigment cells and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) after exposure to MET during the tadpole developmental stages of the Arabian toad, Bufo arabicus. Three developmental larval stages of the toad were selected and divided into two groups; Control and MET-exposed (MET-EX) tadpoles (10ppm). MET-EX tadpoles showed an increased number of pigment cells in the liver, kidney, anterior eye chamber, and skin tissues as compared to the control. The glycogen content in the developing liver and muscles (myotomes) of MET-EX tadpoles was decreased as compared to the control. In the MET-EX tadpoles, immunohistochemical staining showed an increase of HSP70 expression in the liver hepatocytes, the nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) in kidney glomeruli, the iridocorneal angle of anterior eye chamber, and the skin as compared to the control. The current study concluded that pigment cells and HSP70 represented a cytoprotecting response against MET insecticide during the organ development of B. arabicas tadpoles. Therefore, MET use should be regularly monitored in the environment to protect animals and human from exposure to this insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdou Seleem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag , Egypt.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Ula, Taibah University , Medina , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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37
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Micale V, Perdichizzi A, Muglia U, Rinelli P, Cosenza A, Mita DG. Gonadal macrophage aggregates in fish: A preliminary quantitative study in red mullet. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:357-361. [PMID: 31132000 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A histological study was conducted in red mullet, Mullus barbatus, collected from two sites characterized by different anthropogenic impacts. The aim of the study was to assess sex-, size-, season- and site-related variation in gonadal macrophage aggregate (MA) size, number, and relative area. Gonadal MAs were most abundant in males than in females. The number of MA was significantly higher in males from the most impacted site in October, with larger individuals showing more MA than smaller ones. MAs were always found in ripe testes, whereas they occurred only in regressing ovaries. These preliminary findings suggest that the presence of ovarian MA in red mullet is most likely related to ovary regression after spawning, whereas the presence of testicular MA is not necessarily associated to gonad regression, and may vary with season, size, and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Micale
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Perdichizzi
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Ugo Muglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
- National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors, Interuniversity Consortium Biostructures and Biosystems, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Rinelli
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cosenza
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors, Interuniversity Consortium Biostructures and Biosystems, Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
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38
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Carrola JS, Fontainhas-Fernandes A, Rocha E. Uncommon hepatic macrophagic foamy-cell nodules in Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) from the Vizela River (Portugal). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1127-1135. [PMID: 30946508 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main intent of this work (after the by chance finding, in archived histological slides) is to characterize one previously non-described liver lesion of the Iberian barbel from the Vizela River (Portugal). This ran through a textile and dyeing industrial region. The lesion type was made of groups of foamy cells (presumptive macrophages), which appear either as a "smaller non-nodular form," without a connective tissue capsule and displaying an irregular profile, or as a "bigger nodular form," presenting a thin capsule and a circular profile. The nodular forms could appear multi-layered, resembling "cross-sectioned onions". The lesions number, dimension, and structural complexity were greater in bigger fish, appearing only after a history of poor water quality. In extreme cases, the lesions slightly protruded the liver surface. Special histological staining proved the connective tissue nature of the capsule (and its eventual septa), the presence of proteins, glycoproteins, lipofuscin, melanin, iron (putative hemosiderin), and copper, in a variable number of foamy cells within the lesions. At times, degenerating hepatocytes appeared at the border of the lesions. It is proposed that this lesion type incorporates both macrophages and degenerating hepatocytes, looking as one (unpublished) form of a macrophage aggregate. The term "foamy-cell nodules" was advanced for this abnormality. The lesion could have been induced by pollution, because: no parasites were ever associated with the lesion; there was co-existence of the lesion with a water quality status scored as "bad"; such lesion neither existed in fish sampled after mitigation and remediation measures nor in reference fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- João S Carrola
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, ECVA - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Fontainhas-Fernandes
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, ECVA - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, UPorto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, UPorto - University of Porto, Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Characterisation and 3D structure of melanomacrophage centers in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Tissue Cell 2019; 57:34-41. [PMID: 30947961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are distinct aggregations of pigment-containing cells in internal organs of fish, amphibians and reptiles. Although MMCs are commonly used as biomarkers for anthropogenic exposure in many environmental monitoring programs, a substantial knowledge on characteristics of MMCs is required prior to the assessment of MMC responses. The present study was the first to determine the 3D structure of splenic MMCs of a fish from a number of consecutive histology sections by use of the Fiji and AutoCad software. Most splenic MMCs of shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) had spherical shape and limited variation in size (maximum diameter). We confirmed the close relationship between MMCs and blood vessels in spleen of shorthorn sculpins as 97% of investigated MMCs (60 whole MMCs over 510 μm thickness of the samples) were closely associated with splenic blood capillaries (mainly ellipsoids) at least once in a set of consecutive sections. In this paper, we describe variations in morphology, density, size, area, distribution, pigments and response to pathogens of MMC populations from different organs (spleen, kidney, liver, pancreas and gills). Additionally, we provide evidence suggesting the presence and dominance of pheomelanin in MMCs of shorthorn sculpins.
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40
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Barst BD, Rosabal M, Drevnick PE, Campbell PGC, Basu N. Subcellular distributions of trace elements (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Se) in the livers of Alaskan yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:63-72. [PMID: 29960926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) is an extremely long-lived species (up to ∼120 years) of fish, which inhabits the coastal waters of Alaska. Due to their long lifespans, yelloweye are known to accumulate high levels of mercury, and potentially other trace elements, in their tissues. Relatively little is known about the subcellular distribution of trace elements in the tissues of yelloweye rockfish; such information can provide important insights into detoxification/toxicity mechanisms at the subcellular level. To address this, we collected yelloweye rockfish (n = 8) from the eastern coast of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska in 2014. We determined the subcellular partitioning of trace elements (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), total mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se)) in yelloweye livers with a partitioning procedure designed to separate liver cells into putative metal-sensitive fractions (cytosolic enzymes, organelles) and detoxified metal fractions (metallothionein or metallothionein-like proteins and peptides, granule-like structures) using differential centrifugation, NaOH digestion, and heat denaturation steps. The resulting fractions were then analyzed for total Hg with a direct Hg analyzer and for trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For Cd, Pb, and As, the greatest contributions were found in the detoxified fractions, whereas the majority of total Hg was found in sensitive fractions. Selenium, an essential trace element, was distributed to a similar degree between the sensitive and detoxified compartments. Results indicate that although yelloweye sequestered and immobilized potentially toxic elements in detoxified fractions, the extent of binding differed among elements and followed the order: Cd > As > Pb > Hg. In yelloweye rockfish livers, the accumulation of non-essential elements at sensitive sites could lead to deleterious effects at the subcellular level, which should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Barst
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Paul E Drevnick
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada; Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Calgary, AB, T2E 7L7, Canada
| | - Peter G C Campbell
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Dotta G, de Andrade JIA, Garcia P, Alves Jesus GF, Mouriño JLP, Mattos JJ, Dias Bainy AC, Martins ML. Antioxidant enzymes, hematology and histology of spleen in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with natural extracts challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:175-180. [PMID: 29763734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the extrats of propolis and Aloe barbadensis (aloe) on the antioxydant enzime activity, hematology and histology of the spleen of Nile tilapia challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Seventy two juvenile Nile tilapia were divided in four treatments and three replicates and fed extract mixture for 15 days: fish fed supplemented diet with 1% of the mixture of extracts of propolis and aloe (1:1) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); fish fed suplemented diet with 1% of the mixture of extracts of propolis and aloe (1:1) injected with the A. hydrophila, fish fed supplemented diet with the mixture of propolis extracts and aloe, injected with PBS and injected with A. hydrophila. The influence of the supplementation of propolis and Aloe extracts on the immunomodulation in tilapias was observed by the evaluation of the survival of the animals after challenge with A. hydrophila. Non-supplemented fish had a 44.5% survival rate and those supplemented with 1% of the mixture of extracts showed 55.6% survival 7 days after challenge. The supplemented animals also showed a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes in the evaluation of the blood parameters and, consequently, in the histopathological evaluation, presented greater presence of centers of melanomacrophages. In addition, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) in the spleen presented a significant difference in fish supplemented with 1% of the extracts mixture, being superior in the animals injected with PBS when compared to those challenged with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Dotta
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Inês Alves de Andrade
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Biochemistry Department, CCB, UFSC, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Biochemistry Department, CCB, UFSC, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Bach NC, Marino DJG, Natale GS, Somoza GM. Effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation, Roundup ® Ultramax, on liver histology of tadpoles of the neotropical frog, Leptodactylus latrans (amphibia: Anura). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:289-297. [PMID: 29573614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the agricultural expansion has led to an increased use of pesticides, with glyphosate as the most widely used worldwide. This is also the situation in Argentina, where glyphosate formulations are the most commercialized herbicides. It is known that glyphosate formulations are much more toxic than the active ingredient, and this difference in toxicity can be attributed to the adjuvants present in the formula. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare sub-lethal histological effects of the glyphosate formulation Roundup Ultramax and glyphosate active ingredient on Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles at Gosner-stage 36. Semi-static bioassays were performed using 96 h of exposure with Roundup Ultramax formulation (RU; 0.37-5.25 mg a.e./L), glyphosate (GLY; 3-300 mg/L), and a control group. RU exposure showed an increment in the melanomacrophagic cells (MMc) and melanomacrophagic centers (MMCs) from 0.37 mg a.e./L. GLY exposure showed a significant increment in the number of MMc from 15 mg/L, and of MMCs from 3 mg/L. Also, histopathological lesions were observed in the liver of tadpoles exposed to both, GLY and RU. These lesions included: lipidosis and hepatic congestion, but only RU showed significant differences respect to control, with a LOEC value of 2.22 mg a.e./L for both effects. In sum, this study represents the first evidence of adverse effects of glyphosate and RU formulation on the liver of anuran larvae at concentrations frequently found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia C Bach
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), UNLP-CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Fanali LZ, Franco-Belussi L, Bonini-Domingos CR, de Oliveira C. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the blood and liver of Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:93-102. [PMID: 29477119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a bio-accumulative toxic compound found in the atmosphere, water, and soil that may affect the life cycle of amphibians. In this study, a few contamination biomarkers, such as hepatic melanomacrophages (MMs), mast cells, erythrocyte micronuclei (MN) and white blood cells were used to determine how BaP acts in these cells in the anurans Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus. Animals of both species were divided into three treatment groups: 1 day, 7 days and 13 days, subcutaneously injected 2 mg/kg BaP diluted in mineral oil and control group with only mineral oil. After 7 days, BaP caused the frequency of MN to increase in both species while reducing melanin area. The micronucleus frequency increased due to the genotoxicity of BaP, while the decreasing melanin area may be related to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, an enzyme responsible for regulating melanogenesis, decreasing the synthesis of melanin. The mast cell density increased in all groups and in both species as a response to the inflammatory action of BaP. These cells respond to nonspecific inflammatory effects leading, therefore, to this response in all treatments. The percentage of leukocytes remained unchanged probably due to great intraspecific variability. Additionally, the leukocyte profiles of both species were characterized and the differences were attributed to extrinsic factors. In short, BaP can affect the integrity of several organs and tissues, and cell functions leading to the conclusion that this compound is hepatotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic for anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Zácari Fanali
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental monitoring, CCTS, Federal University of São Carlos, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Classius de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
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Basilone G, Gargano A, Corriero A, Zupa R, Santamaria N, Mangano S, Ferreri R, Pulizzi M, Mazzola S, Bonanno A, Passantino L. Liver melanomacrophage centres and CYP1A expression as response biomarkers to environmental pollution in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from the western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:197-204. [PMID: 29886937 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to verify the suitability of using melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) as response biomarkers of marine pollution in European anchovy, which are short-lived, migratory, small pelagic fish. This suitability was verified by analysing the MMC density and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A (CYP1A) expression in livers of anchovies from four areas of southern Italy. Age 2 anchovies sampled from three areas exposed to pollutants of industrial/agricultural origin (Gulf of Gela, Mazara del Vallo and Gulf of Naples) showed liver areas occupied by MMCs and numbers of MMCs that were significantly higher than those in the anchovies from Pozzallo, which is a marine area not subjected to any source of pollution. Anti-CYP1A immunoreactivity was observed in the hepatocytes of all specimens sampled from the Gulf of Gela. These findings suggest the utility of liver MMCs as biomarkers of exposure to pollutants in this small pelagic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gualtiero Basilone
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Antonella Gargano
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Santamaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mangano
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ferreri
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pulizzi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Angelo Bonanno
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Capo Granitola 91021 (TP), Via del Mare, 3 Torretta Granitola, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Italy
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Wolf JC, Wheeler JR. A critical review of histopathological findings associated with endocrine and non-endocrine hepatic toxicity in fish models. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 197:60-78. [PMID: 29448125 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although frequently examined as a target organ for non-endocrine toxicity, histopathological evaluation of the liver is becoming a routine component of endocrine disruption studies that utilize various fish species as test subjects. However, the interpretation of microscopic liver findings can be challenging, especially when attempting to distinguish adverse changes associated with endocrine disrupting substances from those caused by systemic or direct hepatic toxicity. The purpose of this project was to conduct a critical assessment of the available peer-reviewed and grey literature concerning the histopathologic effects of reproductive endocrine active substances (EAS) and non-endocrine acting substances in the livers of fish models, and to determine if liver histopathology can be used to reliably distinguish endocrine from non-endocrine etiologies. The results of this review suggest that few compound-specific histopathologic liver effects have been identified, among which are estrogen agonist-induced increases in hepatocyte basophilia and proteinaceous intravascular fluid in adult male teleosts, and potentially, decreased hepatocyte basophilia in female fish exposed to substances that possess androgenic, anti-estrogenic, or aromatase inhibitory activity. This review also used published standardized methodology to assess the credibility of the histopathology data in each of the 117 articles that reported liver effects of treatment, and consequently it was determined that in only 37% of those papers were the data considered either highly credible or credible. The outcome of this work highlights the value of histopathologic liver evaluation as an investigative tool for EAS studies, and provides information that may have implications for EAS hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., 45600 Terminal Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166, USA.
| | - James R Wheeler
- Dow AgroSciences, 3 B Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OK14 4RN, UK.
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46
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de Campos MF, Lo Nostro FL, Da Cuña RH, Moreira RG. Endocrine disruption of phenanthrene in the protogynous dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae: Perciformes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:255-263. [PMID: 28652135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus is a protogynous hermaphrodite fish, that maintains high levels of plasma steroids as juveniles, as substrates for sex inversion. These fish are exposed to marine pollution from oil spills during cargo handling. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (Phe), are the main crude oil components and are toxic to fish, acting as endocrine disruptors (ED). This is the first study that investigated impacts of Phe as an ED in E. marginatus juveniles. An in vivo sublethal exposure (96h) to Phe was carried out at two concentrations (0.1mg/L and 1mg/L); exposure to the vehicle (ethanol; ETOH) was also performed. Plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) were measured by ELISA. Gonads, liver and spleen were processed for histological analysis. In an in vitro bioassay, gonad fragments were incubated with Phe (8.91mg/L) or ETOH. Steroid levels in the culture media were measured by ELISA. The in vivo exposure to Phe triggered an increase of the area of the hepatocytes, increased number of melanomacrophagic centers and hemosiderosis in the spleen; ETOH induced similar effects on spleen. E2 and T levels did not change in plasma or in vitro media. In plasma, ETOH decreased 11-KT levels. Phenanthrene sharply reduced 11-KT levels in vitro. Although in vivo bioassay results were not unequivocal owing to ethanol effects, Phe might disrupt steroidogenesis in juvenile grouper, possibly causing dysfunctions during sex change and gonadal maturity, considering the importance of 11-KT in developing ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Frias de Campos
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Dep. de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo H Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Dep. de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar), Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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47
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Zhao YL, Lu ZY, Zhang X, Liu WW, Yao GD, Liu XL, Liu W, Wu QJ, Hayashi T, Yamato M, Fujisaki H, Hattori S, Atsuzawa Y, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Gelatin promotes cell aggregation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in PMA-stimulated U937 cells by augmenting endocytosis-autophagy pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 95:132-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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48
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, DePasquale JA, Giari L. Pigmented macrophages and related aggregates in the spleen of european sea bass dosed with heavy metals: Ultrastructure and explorative morphometric analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:351-364. [PMID: 29318746 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and morphometrics of pigmented macrophages (PMs) were assessed in the spleen of European sea bass experimentally dosed with Cd and Hg. PMs occurred either as solitary cells or as variably structured aggregations, defined as macrophage aggregates (MAs). Light microscopy revealed a high degree of morphological heterogeneity amongst MAs of all experimental groups. At the ultrastructural level, MAs showed a heterogeneous pigment content that was not influenced by the treatment. Cytoplasm rarefaction/vacuolation and euchromatic nuclei, were observed in PMs of dosed fish. Undosed and Cd-dosed samples differ significantly with regard to the following morphometric features: the Minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, Aspect Ratio, and Roundness. In Cd-dosed fish, MAs showed reduced size and complexity. Lacunarity showed significant differences between undosed and both Cd and Hg-dosed samples. These results suggest that heavy metals, and especially Cd, may influence the dynamics of PM aggregation/disaggregation. Variability in splenic MAs was observed both by light and electron microscopy. However, only the morphometric techniques adequately and objectively described the phenomenon, allowing a quantitative/statistical comparison of morphology among experimental groups. These morphometric analyses could be usefully applied in toxicological and ecotoxicological, as well as morpho-functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, I-64100, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
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49
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Dezfuli BS, Manera M, DePasquale JA, Pironi F, Giari L. Liver of the fish Gymnotus inaequilabiatus and nematode larvae infection: Histochemical features and expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1765-1774. [PMID: 28493503 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological lesions due to third-larval stage of nematode Brevimulticaecum sp. within the liver of a subpopulation of 31 Gymnotus inaequilabiatus from the Pantanal Region (Brazil) were studied with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. In 93.5% of fish, livers harboured nematode larvae and the intensity of infection ranged from 8 to 293. In livers with highest number of larvae, the hepatic tissue was occupied primarily by the nematodes. Each larva was encircled by focal inflammatory granulomatous reaction. Within the thickness of the granuloma, three concentric layers were recognized: an inner layer of densely packed epithelioid cells, a middle layer of mast cells (MCs) entrapped in a thin fibroblast-connective mesh and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with fibroblasts. Epithelioid cells and fibroblasts within the thickness of the granuloma wall were positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, several hepatocytes in infected liver were immunoreactive to PCNA. Occurrence of rodlet cells and MCs in parenchyma, in close proximity to the encysted nematode larvae and near the blood vessel of infected liver, was observed. Macrophage aggregates (MAs) were numerous within the granulomas and scattered in parenchyma of the infected liver. High quantity of haemosiderin was encountered in MAs and hepatocytes of infected liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - F Pironi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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50
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Patey G, Couillard CM, Pierron F, Baudrimont M, Couture P. Biotransformation, antioxidant and histopathological biomarker responses to contaminants in European and American yellow eels from the Gironde and St. Lawrence estuaries. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:292-303. [PMID: 28888117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, populations of American (Anguilla rostrata) and European eels (Anguilla anguilla) have suffered a sharp decline. The causes of their decline are likely multifactorial and include chemical pollution. A field study was conducted in eight sites varying in organic and metal contamination along the St. Lawrence (Eastern Canada) and Gironde (France) systems to investigate the relationships among contaminants, biological characteristics and biotransformation, antioxidant and histopathological biomarkers in eels from both species. For A. rostrata, no major influences of persistent organic contaminants on biomarkers were identified. For A. anguilla, eels from the most contaminated site expressed higher surface of MelanoMacrophage Centers (MMCs) and eels from another contaminated site expressed higher amount of spleen lipofuscin pigment. These two histopathological biomarkers were also associated with aging. Compared to eels from the cleanest French site, higher hepatic catalase activity and density of MMC in eels from contaminated sites was related to higher concentration of organic (DDT and metabolites, sum of PCBs, sum of PBDEs) and inorganic (Hg and Cd) contaminants. In both species, a higher deposition of spleen hemosiderin pigment was measured in eels from the most brackish sites compared to eels living in freshwater environments. Our results suggest an association between higher hemosiderin pigment and metal contamination (As for A. anguilla and Pb for A. rostrata). Parasitism by A. crassus was observed in European eels from freshwater sites but not in eels from brackish habitats. Overall, contamination may pose a greater risk for the health of European compared to American eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Patey
- Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 De La Couronne, Québec, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la Mer, Mont-Joli (Québec), G5H 3Z4, Québec, Canada.
| | - Catherine M Couillard
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, 850 Route de la Mer, Mont-Joli (Québec), G5H 3Z4, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 De La Couronne, Québec, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
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